Cosmography or, a description of the whole world represented (by a more exact and certain discovery) in the excellencies of its scituation, commodities, inhabitants, and history: of their particular and distinct governments, religions, arms, and degrees of honour used amongst them. Enlarged with very many and rare additions. Very delightful to be read in so small a volum. By Robert Fage Esquire.
         Fage, Robert.
      
       
         
           1667
        
      
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         99833794
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             Cosmography or, a description of the whole world represented (by a more exact and certain discovery) in the excellencies of its scituation, commodities, inhabitants, and history: of their particular and distinct governments, religions, arms, and degrees of honour used amongst them. Enlarged with very many and rare additions. Very delightful to be read in so small a volum. By Robert Fage Esquire.
             Fage, Robert.
          
           [8], 166, [2] p.
           
             printed by S. Griffin for John Overton at the White-Horse in Little Brittain, next door to little St. Bartholomews-Gate,
             London :
             1667.
          
           
             With a frontispiece illustration representing the heavens.
             With a final advertisement leaf.
             Reproduction of the original in the William Andrews Clark Memorial Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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               A
               Figure
               of
               the
               Heavens
               and
               Elements
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           COSMOGRAPHY
           OR
           ,
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           THE
           Whole
           WORLD
           ,
           Represented
           (
           by
           a
           more
           exact
           and
           certain
           Discovery
           )
           in
           the
           Excellencies
           of
           its
           Scituation
           ,
           Commodities
           ,
           Inhabitants
           ,
           and
           HISTORY
           :
           OF
           Their
           Particular
           and
           Distinct
           Governments
           ,
           Religions
           ,
           Arms
           ,
           and
           Degrees
           of
           Honour
           used
           amongst
           Them.
           
        
         
           
             Enlarged
             with
             very
             many
             and
             rare
             Additions
             .
          
        
         
           Very
           delightful
           to
           be
           read
           in
           so
           small
           a
           Volum
           .
        
         
           
             Psal.
             24.
             1.
             
          
           
             
               The
               Earth
               is
               the
               Lords
               and
               the
               Fulness
               thereof
               .
            
          
        
         
           By
           
             ROBERT
             FAGE
          
           Esquire
           .
        
         
           London
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             S.
             Griffin
          
           for
           
             Iohn
             Overton
          
           at
           the
           White-Horse
           in
           
             Little
             Brittain
          
           ,
           next
           door
           to
           Little
           St.
           
           Bartholomews-Gate
           .
           1667.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           To
           the
           Reader
           .
        
         
           VVE
           are
           so
           much
           Strangers
           to
           the
           World
           ,
           that
           we
           know
           not
           Our Selves
           ,
           that
           Great
           Maxime
           and
           Sentence
           of
           Divinity
           ,
           
             Know
             thy Self
          
           ,
           being
           from
           no
           other
           Causes
           deducible
           ,
           than
           the
           scantling
           and
           narrow
           Conceits
           of
           the
           Vniverse
           .
           Men
           reckon
           themselves
           by
           the
           Possessions
           and
           Revenues
           of
           a
           Mannor
           or
           two
           ,
           and
           take
           themselves
           
           to
           be
           the
           
             Grand
             Seigniours
          
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           when
           compared
           with
           this
           Grand
           Machine
           ,
           they
           are
           like
           Atomes
           in
           the
           Sun-shine
           of
           Worldly
           Felicity
           .
           I
           could
           wish
           every
           man
           could
           abridge
           His
           Ambition
           ,
           as
           the
           Describers
           of
           the
           World
           have
           Epitomized
           their
           Discovery
           ,
           and
           Govern
           themselves
           by
           the
           Example
           of
           its
           History
           ;
           which
           is
           here
           truly
           and
           compendiously
           recited
           .
           Wherein
           we
           may
           see
           how
           near
           a
           piece
           the
           two
           Globes
           are
           ;
           and
           that
           which
           we
           call
           the
           New
           World
           ,
           is
           no
           Changeling
           from
           the
           Old
           ,
           War
           and
           Strife
           being
           as
           natural
           there
           as
           among
           us
           .
        
         
           I
           confesse
           I
           am
           no
           Atlas
           to
           undertake
           the
           Burden
           of
           this
           Enterprize
           ,
           but
           the
           Pleasure
           of
           it
           
           (
           as
           is
           usual
           with
           desperate
           Lovers
           )
           ●…vited
           me
           to
           the
           difficulty
           ;
           and
           to
           ●…mmend
           it
           ,
           as
           a
           Picture
           ,
           or
           every
           ●…ans
           Looking-Glass
           ,
           which
           I
           have
           ●…ought
           fit
           to
           contract
           ,
           in
           its
           Repre●…ntation
           to
           the
           Model
           of
           our
           Time
           ●…nd
           Leisure
           ,
           and
           by
           its
           meer
           sha●…ow
           onely
           ,
           shew
           its
           great
           Self
           and
           〈◊〉
           Magnificence
           .
        
         
           Whatever
           this
           Endeavour
           is
           ,
           I
           do
           ●…ot
           doubt
           but
           of
           its
           kind
           acceptance
           ,
           ●…s
           
             Parvum
             in
             Magno
          
           ,
           and
           layes
           open
           ●…e
           whole
           Magazine
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           as
           〈◊〉
           its
           Puissance
           ,
           Government
           ,
           Pro●…ctions
           ,
           Manufactures
           ,
           Merchan●…es
           ,
           &c.
           it
           s
           present
           State
           ,
           Policy
           ,
           ●…d
           Friendships
           ,
           never
           before
           at●…mpted
           in
           any
           one
           Volume
           ,
           but
           ●…ow
           in
           this
           Manual
           .
           There
           is
           Truth
           ●…d
           Rarity
           in
           it
           as
           to
           Generals
           ,
           be●…ond
           the
           attainment
           of
           the
           Pen
           (
           it
           
           being
           the
           Felicity
           of
           the
           Needle
           ;
           and
           the
           capatious
           Compass
           fully
           and
           clearly
           to
           investigate
           and
           disclose
           every
           particular
           )
           which
           will
           merit
           a
           pardon
           for
        
         
           
             
               Yours
               ,
               R.
               F.
            
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           
             Reader
             ,
          
        
         
           
             THis
             is
             to
             advertise
             thee
             ,
             that
             the
             Pricks
             ,
             which
             are
             graven
             upon
             the
             firm
             Land
             are
             set
             to
             distinguish
             and
             divide
             the
             three
             quarters
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             viz.
          
           Europe
           ,
           Asia
           ,
           and
           Africa
           ,
           
             one
             from
             the
             other
             ,
             as
             by
             near
             observation
             you
             may
             perceive
             ;
             and
             that
             the
             pricks
             upon
             the
             Water
             or
             Ocean
             ,
             are
             the
             Traces
             of
             that
             Course
             which
             Sir
          
           Francis
           Drake
           
             made
             in
             his
             surrounding
             the
             World.
             A
             Glorious
             and
             no
             less
             fortunate
             Adventure
             ,
             affording
             Posterity
             the
             Pleasure
             and
             Profit
             of
             persuing
             his
             discovery
             both
             in
             reality
             and
             imagination
             ,
             such
             as
             is
             exhibited
             in
             this
             Map
             ,
             to
             which
             we
             refer
             you
             .
          
        
         
           Vale.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           The
           Whole
           WORLD
           .
           WITH
           Rules
           for
           the
           use
           of
           the
           GLOBES
           ,
           and
           understanding
           of
           MAPS
           .
        
         
           
             THe
             Heavens
             declare
             the
             Glory
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             the
             Firmament
             sheweth
             the
             work
             of
             his
             hands
             ,
          
           Psal.
           19.
           1.
           
           In
           the
           Creation
           of
           which
           and
           the
           whole
           earth
           ,
           and
           sea
           ,
           and
           all
           things
           therein
           contained
           ,
           of
           mear
           nothing
           within
           the
           compass
           of
           six
           dayes
           ;
           and
           in
           this
           wise
           and
           gracious
           ordering
           and
           guiding
           of
           all
           things
           ,
           is
           abundantly
           set
           forth
           his
           infinite
           ,
           and
           unutterable
           wisdom
           ,
           power
           ,
           greatness
           ,
           and
           goodness
           :
           His
           end
           herein
           is
           first
           and
           chiefly
           for
           his
           own
           glory
           ,
           
             The
             Lord
             made
             all
             things
             for
             himself
             ,
          
           Prov.
           16.
           4.
           
           And
           secondly
           ,
           mens
           happiness
           ,
           unto
           whom
           
           the
           dominion
           of
           all
           things
           was
           under
           God
           committed
           ,
           Gen.
           1.
           
           Psalm
           .
           8.
           6.
           
        
         
           That
           men
           may
           come
           therefore
           to
           some
           understanding
           thereof
           ,
           I
           shall
           first
           speak
           of
           the
           Heavenly
           and
           of
           the
           Earthly
           Globes
           ,
           and
           the
           several
           matters
           incident
           thereunto
           .
           Then
           I
           shall
           also
           make
           a
           brief
           description
           of
           the
           four
           parts
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           and
           the
           Countries
           in
           each
           part
           ,
           the
           several
           Religions
           professed
           in
           them
           ;
           with
           the
           varieties
           of
           Trade
           and
           Commodities
           therein
           ,
           never
           yet
           set
           forth
           in
           a
           Treatise
           of
           this
           nature
           .
        
         
           The
           whole
           world
           therefore
           is
           divided
           into
           two
           parts
           ,
           Etherial
           or
           Celestial
           ,
           and
           Elemental
           ;
           Of
           which
           there
           are
           two
           Globes
           accordingly
           ,
           the
           heavenly
           and
           the
           earthly
           .
           Now
           a
           Globe
           is
           a
           proportionable
           representation
           of
           the
           heavens
           or
           of
           the
           earth
           ;
           the
           Etherial
           ,
           Celestial
           ,
           or
           heavenly
           part
           doth
           compasse
           the
           Terrestial
           or
           earthly
           ,
           and
           containeth
           the
           ten
           upper
           Spheres
           ,
           or
           nearest
           unto
           the
           earth
           ,
           1
           the
           M●…on
           ,
           2
           Mercury
           ,
           3
           Venus
           ,
           4
           the
           Sun
           ,
           5
           Mars
           ,
           6
           Jupiter
           ,
           7
           Saturn
           ,
           8
           the
           starry
           Firmament
           ,
           9
           the
           Crystalline
           heaven
           ,
           having
           no
           stars
           at
           all
           ,
           10
           the
           
             Primum
             Mobile
          
           ,
           or
           first
           mover
           ,
           containing
           all
           the
           rest
           within
           it
           ,
           and
           moving
           from
           the
           east
           to
           the
           west
           ,
           carrying
           about
           with
           it
           in
           violence
           all
           the
           other
           Spheres
           .
           The
           rest
           of
           the
           Spheres
           have
           contrary
           motions
           ,
           every
           one
           in
           his
           kind
           ,
           though
           far
           flower
           than
           the
           other
           ,
           and
           the
           motions
           are
           contrary
           from
           the
           west
           to
           the
           east
           ;
           and
           so
           are
           carried
           about
           oftentimes
           by
           the
           
           first
           mover
           ,
           before
           they
           make
           one
           perfect
           revolution
           in
           themselves
           .
        
         
           The
           Crystalline
           or
           ninth
           Sphere
           his
           motion
           is
           almost
           insensible
           ,
           and
           is
           called
           the
           Trembling
           motion
           ,
           performed
           (
           according
           to
           the
           opinion
           of
           latter
           Astronomers
           )
           in
           four
           thousand
           nine
           hundred
           years
           .
        
         
           The
           eighth
           Sphere
           being
           the
           Starry
           firmament
           ,
           in
           seven
           thousand
           years
           ,
           the
           Sphere
           of
           Saturn
           in
           thirty
           years
           ,
           of
           Iupiter
           in
           twelve
           years
           ,
           Mars
           in
           two
           years
           ,
           the
           Sun
           passeth
           the
           Zodiack
           in
           three
           hundred
           sixty
           five
           dayes
           ,
           Venus
           ends
           her
           course
           in
           somewhat
           more
           than
           a
           year
           ,
           Mercury
           holds
           equal
           pace
           with
           the
           Sun.
           and
           the
           Moon
           courseth
           about
           the
           Heavens
           once
           every
           eight
           and
           twenty
           dayes
           .
        
         
           Thus
           much
           for
           the
           Coelestial
           or
           heavenly
           part
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           wherein
           I
           shall
           need
           say
           nothing
           of
           the
           Religion
           of
           Angels
           ,
           and
           the
           spirits
           of
           just
           men
           made
           perfect
           ,
           seeing
           it
           is
           manifest
           enough
           to
           every
           one
           ,
           that
           there
           they
           keep
           their
           first
           estate
           ;
           The
           Religion
           also
           of
           the
           fallen
           Angels
           (
           who
           are
           held
           by
           many
           to
           be
           thrust
           out
           of
           Heaven
           ,
           and
           to
           abide
           in
           the
           Air
           ,
           whereupon
           Sathan
           is
           called
           
             the
             Prince
             of
             the
             Air
          
           ,
           Eph.
           2.
           2.
           
           )
           is
           so
           notorious
           for
           enmity
           against
           God
           ,
           and
           all
           manner
           of
           wickedness
           ;
           that
           poor
           man
           is
           more
           sentient
           of
           sorrow
           ,
           for
           their
           tentations
           ,
           then
           furnished
           with
           words
           to
           express
           their
           wickednesse
           to
           the
           life
           .
        
         
           The
           Elemental
           part
           of
           the
           World
           is
           fourfold
           ,
           
           earth
           ,
           water
           ,
           air
           ,
           fire
           ,
           as
           may
           be
           seen
           in
           that
           round
           Figure
           of
           the
           frame
           of
           the
           heavens
           and
           elements
           one
           within
           another
           ;
           the
           inmost
           and
           middlemost
           circle
           containing
           earth
           and
           water
           intermixed
           together
           ;
           the
           next
           the
           three
           Regions
           of
           the
           air
           ;
           and
           immediately
           above
           that
           Orb
           is
           the
           element
           of
           fire
           :
           all
           which
           you
           may
           easily
           discern
           by
           their
           several
           names
           in
           their
           proper
           places
           .
           And
           thus
           much
           shall
           suffice
           to
           have
           spoken
           of
           the
           Globe
           of
           the
           whole
           World.
           
        
         
           I
           shall
           now
           speak
           first
           generally
           and
           briefly
           of
           the
           Globe
           of
           the
           whole
           Earth
           ,
           and
           things
           incident
           thereunto
           ;
           then
           more
           particularly
           of
           the
           several
           parts
           thereof
           ,
           and
           every
           remarkable
           Country
           in
           each
           part
           ,
           as
           I
           promised
           in
           the
           beginning
           .
        
         
           The
           Globe
           of
           the
           earth
           therefore
           is
           defined
           to
           be
           a
           spherical
           body
           proportionably
           composed
           of
           earth
           and
           water
           ,
           the
           two
           parts
           thereof
           .
        
         
           The
           parts
           of
           the
           earth
           are
           either
           real
           or
           imaginary
           .
        
         
           The
           real
           parts
           are
           either
           Continents
           or
           Islands
           ,
           A
           Continent
           is
           a
           great
           quantity
           of
           Land
           not
           interlaced
           or
           separated
           by
           the
           Sea
           ,
           wherein
           many
           Kingdomes
           and
           Principalites
           are
           contained
           ;
           as
           
             Europe
             ,
             Asia
             ,
             Africa
          
           ,
           and
           America
           .
        
         
           An
           Island
           ,
           called
           in
           Latin
           
             insula
             quasi
             in
             salo
          
           ,
           is
           a
           part
           of
           the
           earth
           environed
           round
           with
           water
           ;
           as
           
             Brittain
             ,
             Iava
          
           ,
           St.
           
             Laurence
             Isle
             ,
             Bermoodes
          
           .
        
         
           Now
           these
           again
           are
           sub-divided
           into
           a
           Peninsula
           ;
           
           Isthmus
           ,
           and
           a
           Promontory
           .
           A
           peninsula
           is
           such
           a
           tract
           of
           Land
           ,
           which
           being
           almost
           incompassed
           round
           by
           waters
           ,
           is
           nevertheless
           joyned
           to
           the
           firm
           land
           by
           some
           little
           Isthmus
           ,
           as
           
             Peloponesus
             ,
             Taurica
             ,
             Cymbrica
          
           ,
           and
           Pervana
           .
        
         
           An
           Isthmus
           is
           a
           little
           narrow
           neck
           of
           land
           which
           joyneth
           any
           peninsula
           to
           the
           Continent
           ;
           as
           the
           straits
           of
           Dariene
           in
           Peru
           ,
           and
           Corinth
           in
           Greece
           .
        
         
           A
           Promontory
           is
           some
           high
           mountain
           which
           shooteth
           it self
           into
           the
           Sea
           ,
           the
           utmost
           end
           of
           which
           is
           called
           a
           Cape
           :
           as
           that
           great
           Cape
           of
           good
           hope
           ;
           and
           
             Cape
             Verde
          
           in
           
             Africa
             ,
             Cape
             Gomerie
          
           in
           Asia
           ,
           and
           that
           of
           St.
           Michaels
           mount
           in
           Cornwall
           ,
           the
           North
           Cape
           in
           Norway
           ,
           and
           divers
           others
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           also
           other
           real
           parts
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           as
           mountains
           ,
           valleys
           ,
           fields
           ,
           plains
           ,
           woods
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           .
        
         
           The
           other
           general
           part
           of
           the
           Globe
           is
           the
           water
           ,
           divided
           into
           the
           Ocean
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           the
           Sea.
           Thirdly
           ,
           the
           Straights
           .
           Fourthly
           ,
           Creeks
           .
        
         
           The
           Ocean
           is
           the
           general
           collection
           of
           all
           waters
           ,
           which
           invironeth
           the
           whole
           world
           on
           every
           side
           .
        
         
           The
           Sea
           is
           part
           of
           the
           Ocean
           ,
           to
           which
           we
           cannot
           come
           ,
           but
           through
           some
           strait
           ,
           as
           the
           Mediterranean
           Sea
           ,
           the
           Baltick
           Sea
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           .
        
         
           These
           two
           take
           their
           names
           either
           from
           the
           adjacent
           places
           ,
           as
           the
           Brittish
           Ocean
           ,
           the
           German
           sea
           ,
           the
           Atlantick
           sea
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           :
           Or
           from
           
           the
           first
           Discoverer
           ,
           as
           the
           Magellanick
           sea
           ,
           Forbushers
           Straits
           ;
           or
           from
           some
           remarkable
           accident
           ,
           as
           the
           Red-sea
           from
           the
           red
           colour
           of
           the
           sands
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           a
           Straight
           is
           a
           part
           of
           the
           Ocean
           ,
           restrained
           within
           narrow
           bounds
           ,
           and
           opening
           a
           way
           to
           the
           sea
           ,
           as
           the
           Straits
           of
           
             Gibralter
             ,
             Hellespont
             ,
             Anian
          
           .
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           a
           Creek
           is
           a
           crooked
           shore
           ,
           thrusting
           forth
           as
           it
           were
           two
           arms
           ,
           to
           embrace
           and
           affectionately
           to
           hold
           the
           Sea
           ,
           as
           the
           
             Adriatick
             ,
             Persian
          
           ,
           and
           Corinthian
           Creek
           .
           Hitherto
           belong
           Rivers
           ,
           Brooks
           ,
           and
           Fountains
           ,
           engendred
           of
           congealed
           air
           in
           the
           earths
           concavities
           ,
           and
           seconded
           by
           Sea-waters
           ,
           creeping
           through
           hidden
           crannies
           thereof
           .
        
         
           Thus
           much
           of
           the
           real
           parts
           of
           the
           Earth
           in
           general
           .
        
         
           The
           compass
           of
           the
           whole
           earth
           is
           cast
           by
           our
           latest
           learned
           Geographers
           ,
           twenty
           one
           thousand
           six
           hundred
           English
           miles
           ,
           which
           we
           thus
           compute
           .
           We
           see
           by
           continued
           experience
           ,
           that
           the
           Sun
           for
           every
           degree
           in
           the
           heavens
           ,
           gains
           sixty
           miles
           upon
           the
           earth
           towards
           his
           circuit
           round
           ,
           and
           after
           three
           hundred
           sixty
           degrees
           returneth
           to
           the
           same
           point
           in
           respect
           of
           us
           as
           before
           it
           was
           .
           Add
           the
           number
           of
           sixty
           so
           oft
           ,
           and
           you
           will
           find
           the
           account
           the
           same
           ,
           and
           so
           by
           proportion
           of
           the
           circumference
           to
           the
           Diameter
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           
             tripla
             sesqui
             septima
          
           ,
           the
           same
           which
           twenty
           two
           hath
           to
           seven
           .
        
         
         
           We
           may
           count
           likewise
           the
           earths
           thickness
           to
           the
           center
           :
           The
           whole
           Diameter
           by
           rule
           being
           less
           than
           a
           third
           part
           of
           the
           circuit
           .
           That
           in
           the
           proportion
           to
           twenty
           one
           thousand
           six
           hundred
           ,
           will
           be
           six
           thousand
           eight
           hundred
           seventy
           two
           ,
           half
           the
           number
           will
           reach
           the
           middle
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           and
           that
           is
           ,
           three
           thousand
           four
           hundred
           thirty
           six
           ,
           being
           considered
           with
           great
           exactness
           ,
           as
           the
           measure
           of
           such
           a
           great
           bulk
           as
           the
           earth
           is
           ,
           can
           easily
           be
           taken
           and
           comprehended
           .
        
         
           Geographers
           attribute
           unto
           the
           earth
           five
           circles
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           is
           the
           Equinoctial
           ;
           when
           the
           Sun
           in
           his
           course
           is
           come
           thereunto
           ,
           about
           the
           eleventh
           of
           March
           and
           September
           ,
           the
           day
           and
           the
           night
           are
           of
           equal
           length
           through
           the
           whole
           earth
           .
           It
           is
           also
           termed
           the
           Equator
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           Sea-faring
           men
           the
           middle
           Line
           ;
           because
           it
           divideth
           the
           earth
           into
           two
           equal
           parts
           ,
           of
           which
           the
           one
           lyeth
           towards
           the
           north
           ,
           the
           other
           towards
           the
           south
           ,
           and
           because
           it
           is
           in
           the
           middest
           between
           the
           two
           poles
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           one
           in
           the
           north
           ,
           the
           other
           in
           the
           south
           .
           The
           second
           circle
           is
           called
           the
           Tropick
           of
           the
           Crabb
           ,
           because
           when
           the
           Sun
           is
           come
           thither
           about
           the
           tenth
           of
           Iune
           ,
           it
           returneth
           by
           little
           and
           little
           unto
           the
           Equator
           .
           And
           then
           unto
           them
           that
           dwell
           on
           the
           north-side
           of
           the
           Equator
           ,
           is
           the
           day
           longest
           ;
           and
           shortest
           to
           them
           that
           dwell
           on
           the
           south-side
           thereof
           .
           This
           circle
           is
           distinct
           from
           the
           Equinoctial
           Twenty
           three
           Degrees
           ,
           three
           Minutes
           
           and
           an
           half
           ,
           Northward
           .
        
         
           The
           third
           is
           called
           the
           Tropick
           of
           Capricorn
           ,
           because
           the
           Sun
           being
           come
           thereto
           on
           the
           eleventh
           of
           December
           ,
           turneth
           his
           course
           backward
           to
           the
           Equator
           ;
           and
           then
           contrariwise
           ,
           to
           them
           who
           live
           on
           the
           north
           of
           the
           Equator
           is
           the
           day
           shortest
           ,
           and
           longest
           to
           them
           on
           the
           south
           thereof
           ;
           it
           is
           distant
           from
           the
           Equinoctial
           southward
           twenty
           three
           degrees
           ,
           thirty
           one
           minutes
           and
           an
           half
           .
        
         
           The
           fourth
           is
           called
           the
           Artickcircle
           ;
           the
           fifth
           the
           Antartick
           ;
           of
           which
           the
           one
           is
           distant
           twenty
           three
           degrees
           ,
           thirty
           one
           minutes
           and
           an
           half
           from
           the
           north
           pole
           ;
           the
           other
           just
           so
           many
           from
           the
           south
           pole
           .
           And
           are
           described
           by
           the
           revolution
           of
           heaven
           from
           the
           poles
           of
           the
           Zodiack
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Sun.
           Mercator
           the
           ancient
           Astronomer
           understood
           by
           the
           Arctick
           circle
           not
           onely
           that
           aforesaid
           ,
           but
           also
           every
           circle
           whose
           half
           Diameter
           answereth
           to
           the
           pole
           in
           any
           place
           whatsoever
           ,
           and
           containeth
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Altitude
           of
           every
           Countrey
           ,
           certain
           stars
           ,
           which
           never
           set
           ,
           but
           alwayes
           are
           above
           the
           earth
           ;
           so
           that
           in
           all
           regions
           differing
           in
           Latitude
           ,
           this
           circle
           is
           diverse
           ,
           as
           also
           is
           the
           Antartick
           .
           Now
           the
           four
           lesser
           circles
           ,
           the
           two
           Tropicks
           and
           polar
           circles
           ,
           do
           fitly
           part
           the
           earth
           into
           five
           Zones
           ,
           that
           is
           to
           say
           girdles
           ,
           because
           they
           compass
           ,
           like
           bands
           ,
           the
           round
           Globe
           of
           the
           earth
           .
           The
           first
           of
           these
           Zones
           lyeth
           under
           the
           Artick
           or
           north
           circle
           ,
           and
           is
           called
           the
           cold
           north
           Zone
           ;
           the
           second
           
           lyeth
           under
           the
           Antartick
           or
           south
           circle
           ,
           and
           is
           called
           the
           cold
           south
           Zone
           ;
           the
           third
           is
           situate
           in
           the
           middle
           between
           the
           two
           Tropicks
           called
           the
           scorched
           Zone
           ;
           the
           fourth
           lyeth
           under
           that
           which
           is
           between
           the
           north
           circle
           and
           the
           Tropick
           of
           Cancer
           ,
           and
           is
           called
           the
           temperate
           north
           Zone
           ;
           the
           fifth
           also
           is
           under
           that
           space
           which
           is
           between
           the
           Tropick
           of
           Capricorn
           and
           the
           south
           circle
           ,
           and
           is
           called
           the
           temperate
           south
           Zone
           .
        
         
           Now
           to
           understand
           rightly
           the
           situation
           of
           Countries
           ,
           their
           Longitude
           and
           Latitude
           according
           to
           the
           mind
           of
           Geographers
           is
           to
           be
           known
           .
           The
           Latitude
           of
           places
           which
           with
           the
           height
           of
           the
           Pole
           is
           alwayes
           one
           ,
           beginning
           at
           the
           Equinoctial
           ,
           is
           taken
           two
           manner
           of
           wayes
           ;
           either
           towards
           the
           south
           ,
           or
           toward
           the
           north
           ,
           unto
           the
           number
           ninety
           .
           The
           Longitude
           is
           returned
           from
           the
           Meridian
           circle
           ,
           and
           about
           the
           west
           Islands
           called
           Carva
           and
           Flores
           ,
           beginning
           right
           at
           the
           Equator
           easterly
           ,
           and
           running
           forwards
           unto
           the
           number
           three
           hundred
           sixty
           .
           As
           for
           example
           ,
           London
           lyeth
           from
           the
           Equinoctial
           northward
           ,
           fifty
           one
           degrees
           and
           a
           half
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Latitude
           ;
           and
           the
           Longitude
           thereof
           is
           twenty
           degrees
           answering
           unto
           that
           degree
           of
           the
           Equinoctial
           ,
           reckoning
           from
           the
           Meridian
           .
        
         
           And
           now
           that
           I
           have
           briefly
           touched
           upon
           the
           Longitude
           and
           Latitude
           of
           Countries
           ,
           and
           having
           often
           spoke
           of
           the
           Meridian
           and
           Horizon
           :
           I
           shall
           ,
           I
           hope
           ,
           not
           unprofitably
           take
           time
           in
           a
           word
           or
           two
           ,
           to
           tell
           you
           what
           each
           of
           them
           are
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Meridian
           is
           a
           great
           circle
           rounding
           the
           earth
           from
           pole
           to
           pole
           .
           There
           are
           many
           Meridians
           according
           to
           the
           divers
           places
           in
           which
           a
           man
           liveth
           .
           But
           the
           chief
           and
           first
           Meridian
           passeth
           through
           the
           Islands
           Saint
           Michael
           and
           of
           the
           Azores
           .
        
         
           The
           Horizon
           is
           a
           great
           circle
           ,
           designing
           so
           great
           a
           space
           of
           the
           earth
           as
           a
           quick
           sight
           can
           ken
           in
           an
           open
           field
           :
           the
           use
           of
           it
           is
           to
           discern
           the
           divers
           risings
           and
           settings
           of
           the
           stars
           .
        
         
           I
           shall
           now
           speak
           a
           little
           of
           the
           Climates
           ,
           and
           Parallels
           ,
           and
           then
           ,
           I
           hope
           ,
           I
           have
           done
           with
           things
           generally
           concerning
           the
           earth
           .
        
         
           A
           Climate
           is
           a
           space
           of
           the
           earth
           included
           within
           the
           space
           of
           two
           parallels
           .
        
         
           The
           use
           of
           them
           is
           to
           shew
           the
           difference
           of
           length
           and
           shortnesse
           of
           dayes
           over
           all
           the
           world
           ,
           as
           you
           may
           see
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           every
           climate
           ,
           the
           number
           of
           the
           longest
           day
           in
           the
           year
           ,
           under
           that
           climate
           ;
           the
           longest
           day
           in
           one
           climate
           differing
           half
           an
           hour
           from
           the
           longest
           of
           another
           ,
           so
           that
           there
           are
           twenty
           four
           climates
           ,
           consisting
           of
           forty
           eight
           parallels
           ,
           ere
           the
           day
           come
           to
           be
           twenty
           four
           hours
           of
           length
           ,
           which
           is
           twelve
           hours
           longer
           than
           the
           Equinoctial
           day
           is
           .
           Now
           under
           the
           Equinoctial
           line
           ,
           and
           thirteen
           degrees
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           three
           parallels
           on
           either
           side
           thereof
           ,
           the
           dayes
           exceed
           not
           the
           length
           of
           Twelve
           hours
           ,
           but
           after
           in
           every
           clime
           encrease
           the
           length
           of
           half
           an
           hour
           ;
           and
           when
           they
           come
           to
           forty
           eight
           parallels
           and
           twenty
           four
           climates
           
           (
           as
           I
           said
           before
           )
           the
           dayes
           being
           then
           twenty
           four
           hours
           long
           ,
           their
           increase
           is
           then
           by
           whole
           weeks
           and
           months
           ,
           till
           in
           the
           twenty
           fourth
           clime
           about
           the
           pole
           ,
           the
           day
           is
           full
           half
           a
           year
           long
           ;
           and
           as
           it
           is
           thus
           between
           the
           Equator
           and
           the
           north
           pole
           ,
           so
           it
           is
           between
           the
           said
           Equator
           and
           the
           south
           pole
           :
           wherefore
           there
           are
           two
           sorts
           of
           climes
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           twenty
           four
           northern
           ,
           and
           as
           many
           southern
           :
           touching
           the
           names
           of
           which
           and
           other
           circumstances
           ,
           I
           shall
           say
           nothing
           here
           ,
           but
           leave
           the
           readers
           to
           other
           more
           large
           discourses
           ,
           thinking
           this
           enough
           in
           a
           Tract
           of
           this
           nature
           to
           have
           spoken
           of
           things
           generally
           concerning
           the
           whole
           earth
           .
        
         
           
             The
             whole
             Earth
             is
             now
             divided
             into
             four
             parts
             .
          
        
         
           
             Europe
             .
          
           
             Asia
             .
          
           
             Africa
             .
          
           
             America
             .
          
        
         
           Of
           each
           part
           ,
           and
           their
           several
           Regions
           ,
           Empires
           ,
           Kingdoms
           ,
           Dominions
           ,
           Common-wealths
           ,
           Titles
           of
           honours
           and
           Laws
           ,
           as
           briefly
           as
           I
           can
           ,
           together
           also
           with
           their
           sundry
           trade
           and
           commodities
           .
        
         
           Europe
           ,
           though
           the
           least
           of
           the
           three
           first
           parts
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           nevertheless
           excelleth
           all
           other
           parts
           in
           worthiness
           ,
           power
           ,
           renown
           ,
           multitudes
           of
           well-builded
           Cities
           ,
           and
           of
           People
           skilful
           in
           all
           kind
           of
           arts
           ;
           also
           excelling
           in
           virtue
           ,
           and
           the
           knowledge
           of
           God
           ,
           better
           than
           all
           the
           riches
           of
           the
           world
           .
        
         
         
           Through
           the
           Grecian
           and
           Romane
           Empire
           in
           it
           :
           it
           hath
           had
           once
           the
           Dominion
           over
           Asia
           and
           Africa
           .
           Mr.
           Heylin
           mentions
           in
           it
           fourteen
           mother
           Tongues
           ,
           which
           I
           will
           not
           stand
           now
           to
           name
           .
        
         
           It
           hath
           plenty
           of
           grain
           ,
           plants
           ,
           fruits
           ,
           coals
           ,
           rivers
           ,
           and
           fountains
           of
           admirable
           virtue
           ;
           it
           needs
           nothing
           but
           what
           may
           be
           well
           spared
           ,
           as
           hot
           spices
           ,
           not
           so
           fit
           for
           our
           temper
           ;
           precious
           jewels
           ,
           the
           nourishers
           of
           vain
           and
           soul-destroying
           pride
           ;
           and
           wild
           beasts
           which
           cause
           desarts
           where
           they
           breed
           ;
           yet
           of
           gold
           ,
           silver
           ,
           and
           other
           commodities
           it
           hath
           a
           part
           :
           it
           is
           divided
           on
           the
           east
           from
           Asia
           ,
           partly
           by
           the
           Rivers
           Duina
           and
           Tunnis
           ,
           and
           partly
           by
           the
           lake
           called
           Meotis
           ,
           now
           termed
           
             Mare
             de
             le
             Zabacche
             ,
             &
             pont
             Euxine
             ,
          
           or
           
             Mare
             Maggiore
          
           .
        
         
           From
           Africa
           it
           is
           severed
           by
           the
           midland
           Sea
           ;
           on
           the
           west
           and
           north
           side
           it
           hath
           the
           great
           Ocean
           .
           I
           shall
           follow
           Mr.
           
           Heylin's
           method
           in
           the
           description
           of
           the
           Regions
           and
           Countries
           thereof
           ,
           beginning
           with
           ,
           first
           ,
           Italy
           ,
           then
           going
           ,
           secondly
           ,
           to
           the
           Alps
           ,
           thirdly
           France
           ,
           fourthly
           Spain
           ,
           fifthly
           Brittain
           ,
           sixthly
           Belgia
           ,
           seventhly
           Germany
           ,
           eighthy
           Denmark
           ,
           ninethly
           Swetheland
           ,
           tenthly
           Russia
           ,
           eleventhly
           Poland
           ,
           twelfthly
           Hungary
           ,
           thirteenthly
           Solavonia
           ,
           fourteenthly
           Dacia
           ,
           and
           the
           fifteenth
           Greece
           ;
           speaking
           of
           the
           several
           Islands
           as
           they
           relate
           to
           some
           or
           other
           of
           the
           greater
           Countries
           .
        
         
           Italy
           ,
           the
           Mother
           of
           all
           Latine
           Learning
           ,
           
           stretcheth
           out
           easterly
           on
           Asia
           ,
           between
           the
           Adriatick
           and
           Thuscan
           Seas
           ,
           and
           borders
           towards
           the
           west
           upon
           France
           ,
           and
           towards
           the
           north
           on
           Germany
           ,
           and
           is
           severed
           from
           those
           countries
           by
           the
           river
           Varus
           ,
           and
           the
           mountains
           called
           Alpes
           ,
           the
           rest
           being
           compassed
           with
           the
           Sea.
           It
           hath
           had
           seven
           kinds
           of
           Government
           ,
           first
           Kings
           ,
           second
           Consuls
           ,
           third
           Dictators
           ,
           forth
           Decemviri
           ,
           fifth
           Tribunes
           ,
           sixth
           Emperours
           ,
           seventh
           Popes
           .
           It
           flourished
           most
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Christ
           ,
           and
           a
           little
           afterwards
           by
           means
           of
           the
           great
           and
           wide
           dominion
           of
           the
           mighty
           city
           of
           Rome
           ,
           which
           then
           reigned
           as
           Queen
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           over
           many
           Lands
           of
           
             Europe
             ,
             Asia
          
           ,
           and
           Africa
           .
        
         
           This
           land
           excelleth
           all
           the
           lands
           of
           Europe
           ,
           in
           fruitfulness
           and
           pleasantness
           ,
           the
           inhabitants
           are
           witty
           ,
           industrious
           ,
           and
           frugal
           ,
           yet
           hot
           and
           lascivious
           .
           And
           withall
           the
           men
           very
           jealous
           ,
           and
           that
           taken
           to
           be
           not
           without
           cause
           .
           The
           religion
           there
           now
           professed
           ,
           is
           the
           Popish
           religion
           ,
           unto
           which
           they
           are
           more
           straightly
           kept
           by
           the
           Inquisition
           .
        
         
           The
           chief
           Wares
           which
           are
           carried
           out
           of
           Italy
           into
           other
           Countries
           ,
           are
           rice
           ,
           silks
           ,
           velvets
           ,
           sattins
           ,
           taffaties
           ,
           grogrems
           ,
           rashes
           ,
           stamels
           ,
           bumbasins
           ,
           fustians
           ,
           felts
           serving
           for
           Clokes
           ,
           costly
           arras
           ,
           gold
           and
           silver
           thred
           ,
           allum
           ,
           galls
           ,
           Venetian
           drinking
           and
           looking-glasses
           .
           It
           containeth
           at
           this
           day
           the
           Kingdoms
           of
           
             Naples
             ,
             Sicily
          
           ,
           and
           Sardinia
           ,
           the
           lands
           and
           patrimony
           of
           the
           Church
           so
           called
           ,
           which
           the
           Pope
           posseth
           ;
           the
           great
           Dukedomes
           
           of
           Urbin
           and
           Tuscany
           ,
           the
           Common-wealths
           of
           
             Venice
             ,
             Genoa
          
           ,
           and
           Luca
           ,
           and
           the
           estates
           of
           Lumbardy
           ,
           being
           the
           Dukedomes
           of
           
             Millain
             ,
             Mantua
             ,
             Modena
             ,
             Parma
             ,
             Monferrat
             ,
          
           and
           the
           Principality
           of
           Piemont
           ;
           of
           all
           which
           I
           shall
           observe
           somewhat
           .
        
         
           The
           Kingdome
           of
           Naples
           in
           Italy
           ,
           is
           environed
           on
           all
           sides
           with
           the
           
             Adriatick
             ,
             Ionian
          
           ,
           and
           Tuscan
           Seas
           ,
           excepting
           where
           it
           joyneth
           on
           the
           west
           to
           the
           Lands
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           from
           which
           separated
           by
           a
           line
           drawn
           from
           the
           mouth
           of
           the
           River
           Tronto
           or
           Druentus
           ,
           falling
           into
           the
           Adriatick
           ,
           to
           the
           spring
           head
           of
           Axofenus
           ,
           it
           taketh
           up
           all
           the
           east
           of
           Italy
           ,
           one
           thousand
           four
           hundred
           sixty
           eight
           miles
           ;
           it
           hath
           anciently
           been
           called
           the
           Kingdome
           of
           both
           the
           Sicilies
           .
           The
           fertilest
           place
           of
           all
           Italy
           ,
           abounding
           in
           all
           things
           necessary
           for
           life
           ,
           delight
           ,
           and
           physick
           .
           Hence
           are
           also
           brought
           the
           Neapolitan
           Horses
           .
           It
           hath
           had
           thirteen
           Princes
           ,
           twenty
           four
           Dukes
           ,
           twenty
           five
           Marquesses
           ,
           ninety
           Earls
           ,
           and
           nine
           hundred
           Barons
           ,
           not
           Titular
           only
           ,
           but
           men
           of
           great
           Estates
           ;
           It
           hath
           had
           twenty
           six
           Kings
           of
           several
           Countries
           ,
           beginning
           first
           with
           the
           Norman
           race
           ,
           and
           now
           being
           in
           the
           hand
           of
           Spain
           .
           The
           disease
           called
           now
           the
           French
           Pox
           ,
           was
           first
           in
           all
           Christendome
           found
           here
           .
           The
           Arms
           of
           this
           Kingdome
           are
           
             Azure
             seme
          
           of
           
             Fleur
             de
             Lices
          
           ,
           Or
           ,
           a
           file
           of
           three
           
             Labels
             Gules
          
           .
        
         
           It
           s
           revenue
           is
           two
           millions
           and
           an
           half
           of
           Crowns
           ,
           whereof
           twenty
           thousand
           are
           the
           Popes
           
           for
           his
           chief
           rent
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           so
           exhausted
           in
           maintaining
           Garrisons
           upon
           the
           Natives
           ,
           and
           a
           strong
           Navy
           against
           the
           Turks
           ,
           that
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           receiveth
           not
           a
           fourth
           part
           the●…eof
           clearly
           .
           It
           hath
           twenty
           Arch-bishops
           ,
           and
           one
           hundred
           twenty
           seven
           Bishops-seas
           .
        
         
           This
           Crown
           and
           Kingdom
           hath
           been
           in
           long
           dispute
           between
           France
           and
           
             Spain
             .
             Charles
          
           the
           Eighth
           of
           France
           won
           and
           lost
           it
           in
           a
           Dream
           ,
           so
           transitory
           was
           his
           possession
           of
           it
           ;
           much
           blood
           being
           spilt
           in
           the
           quarrel
           .
           The
           Duke
           of
           Guise
           of
           the
           Family
           of
           Lorrain
           ,
           now
           pretends
           a
           right
           to
           it
           ,
           and
           hath
           attempted
           the
           Conquest
           of
           it
           ,
           of
           late
           years
           twice
           ,
           being
           called
           in
           by
           the
           Citizens
           of
           Naples
           in
           1647.
           after
           that
           famous
           insurrection
           in
           the
           City
           of
           Naples
           ,
           under
           M●…ssianelio
           the
           Fisherman
           ,
           who
           led
           and
           commanded
           100000
           men
           at
           his
           beck
           and
           pleasure
           for
           14.
           dayes
           ,
           at
           the
           end
           whereof
           ,
           he
           and
           his
           mutinous
           Government
           expired
           ,
           being
           supposed
           to
           be
           poysoned
           by
           the
           Artifice
           of
           the
           Spaniard
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1654.
           the
           same
           Duke
           of
           Guise
           ,
           having
           better
           retained
           in
           mind
           the
           Courtsh●…ps
           of
           the
           Neapolitans
           ,
           than
           his
           own
           misfortunes
           and
           his
           promises
           made
           at
           Madrid
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           kept
           prisoner
           ,
           from
           the
           time
           that
           Naples
           was
           reduced
           1647.
           equipped
           another
           Fleet
           from
           that
           Kingdome
           from
           Toulon
           and
           Marseilles
           ,
           which
           n●…rrowly
           escaped
           the
           English
           Fleet
           under
           General
           Blake
           ;
           designed
           against
           it
           ,
           and
           after
           much
           bad
           weather
           ,
           landed
           and
           was
           defeated
           by
           the
           Spanish
           
           Vice-roy
           ;
           his
           Lieutenant
           General
           ,
           Marquis
           
             du
             Plessis
          
           being
           killed
           in
           the
           place
           with
           2000
           more
           :
           and
           so
           the
           French
           were
           forced
           to
           re-imbarque
           ,
           and
           the
           Expedition
           frustrated
           .
        
         
           The
           Spaniards
           how
           quietly
           hold
           it
           from
           the
           Papacy
           ,
           by
           a
           fealty
           Present
           ,
           yearly
           ,
           of
           a
           
             White
             Horse
          
           to
           his
           Holyness
           .
        
         
           The
           Kingdom
           of
           Sicilia
           in
           Italy
           is
           situate
           under
           the
           fourth
           climate
           ;
           the
           longest
           day
           being
           thirteen
           hours
           and
           an
           half
           ;
           it
           shoots
           forth
           into
           the
           Sea
           with
           three
           Capes
           or
           Promontories
           .
        
         
           The
           People
           are
           Ingenious
           ,
           Eloquent
           ,
           and
           Pleasant
           ,
           but
           withall
           very
           inconstant
           and
           full
           of
           talke
           ;
           they
           Invented
           
             Oratory
             ,
             Pastorall
             Eclogues
          
           ,
           Hour-glasses
           ,
           with
           Military
           Engins
           .
           The
           Soyl
           is
           incredibly
           fruitfull
           in
           Wine
           ,
           Oyl
           ,
           Honey
           ,
           Minerals
           of
           Gold
           ,
           Silver
           ,
           and
           Allum
           ;
           together
           with
           plenty
           of
           Salt
           ,
           and
           Sugar
           ;
           there
           are
           also
           gems
           of
           Agats
           ,
           and
           Emeralds
           ;
           it
           yieldthe
           also
           great
           store
           of
           the
           richest
           Silk
           ,
           hath
           most
           excellent
           and
           delicious
           Fruits
           both
           for
           tast
           and
           colour
           ;
           with
           abundance
           also
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           Grain
           .
           Here
           is
           the
           hill
           Aetna
           ,
           which
           many
           have
           taken
           to
           be
           Hell
           ,
           and
           ignorant
           Papists
           Purgatory
           ;
           because
           of
           its
           sending
           forth
           of
           flames
           of
           fire
           ,
           which
           eth
           brimstone
           there
           causeth
           .
           It
           hath
           many
           Cities
           ,
           Rivers
           ,
           and
           Lakes
           ,
           of
           which
           I
           cannot
           stand
           to
           treat
           .
        
         
           There
           were
           eight
           Kings
           of
           Sicilia
           ,
           six
           of
           the
           first
           whereof
           were
           called
           to
           rule
           .
           In
           the
           year
           one
           thousand
           two
           hundred
           eighty
           one
           ,
           the
           house
           of
           
           Arragon
           governed
           it
           ,
           and
           there
           hath
           succeeded
           ten
           Kings
           .
           It
           is
           now
           united
           to
           the
           Crown
           of
           Spain
           ;
           the
           revenue
           is
           eight
           hundred
           thousand
           ,
           some
           say
           a
           million
           of
           Ducats
           disbursed
           again
           on
           the
           entertainment
           of
           the
           Vice-Roy
           &
           defence
           of
           the
           Island
           ;
           the
           Arms
           are
           four
           
             Pallets
             ,
             Gules
             Sable
          
           ,
           being
           those
           of
           Arragon
           between
           two
           Flanches
           Argent
           ,
           charged
           with
           as
           many
           
             E●…g'es
             Sable
             beaked
             Gules
          
           .
        
         
           It
           hath
           had
           seven
           Princes
           ,
           four
           Dukes
           ,
           thirteen
           Marquisses
           ,
           fourteen
           Earls
           ,
           one
           Viscount
           ,
           and
           fourty
           eight
           Barons
           ;
           the
           People
           are
           Papists
           ,
           and
           have
           three
           Arch-bishops
           ,
           and
           nine
           Bishops
           .
        
         
           The
           Island
           and
           Kingdom
           of
           Sardinia
           in
           Italy
           ,
           lieth
           west
           from
           Sicilie
           from
           the
           neerest
           point
           ,
           
             Cape
             Boy
          
           ,
           or
           
             Cape
             Bara
          
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           distant
           about
           two
           hundred
           miles
           ,
           it
           is
           in
           length
           one
           hundred
           eighty
           miles
           ,
           ninety
           in
           breadth
           ,
           five
           hundred
           sixty
           in
           the
           circuit
           ;
           and
           is
           situate
           under
           the
           fourteenth
           Climate
           ,
           the
           longest
           day
           being
           fourteen
           houres
           ;
           there
           is
           neither
           Wolf
           nor
           Serpent
           ,
           neither
           venomous
           or
           hurtful
           beast
           ,
           but
           the
           Fox
           only
           ,
           and
           a
           little
           creature
           like
           a
           Spider
           ,
           which
           will
           by
           no
           means
           endure
           the
           sight
           of
           the
           Sun
           ,
           except
           held
           by
           violence
           :
           Some
           pools
           it
           hath
           ,
           very
           plentiful
           of
           Fish
           ,
           but
           generally
           are
           so
           destitute
           of
           River-water
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           fain
           to
           keep
           the
           rain
           which
           falls
           in
           winter
           for
           their
           use
           in
           summer
           ;
           by
           means
           whereof
           ,
           and
           for
           that
           there
           is
           no
           passage
           for
           the
           Northern
           Winds
           ,
           being
           obstructed
           by
           the
           high
           Mountains
           
           neer
           
             Cape
             Lugudori
          
           ,
           the
           air
           is
           generally
           unhealthy
           ,
           if
           not
           pestilential
           .
           The
           soil
           is
           very
           fertile
           ,
           but
           ill
           manured
           ,
           well
           stored
           with
           all
           sorts
           of
           cattel
           :
           the
           horses
           hereof
           hot
           ,
           head-strong
           ,
           and
           hard
           to
           be
           broken
           ,
           but
           will
           last
           long
           :
           the
           bullocks
           naturally
           gentle
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           Country-man
           doth
           as
           familiarly
           ride
           them
           ,
           as
           they
           do
           in
           Spain
           on
           Mules
           or
           Asses
           .
           Here
           is
           also
           the
           beast
           called
           
             Mufr
             nes
             or
             Muscriones
          
           ,
           found
           in
           Corsica
           also
           ,
           but
           in
           no
           other
           part
           of
           Europe
           ;
           somewhat
           resembling
           a
           Stagg
           ,
           but
           of
           so
           strong
           an
           hide
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           used
           by
           the
           Italian
           :
           in
           stead
           of
           Armour
           ;
           of
           the
           skin
           of
           which
           carryed
           to
           Cordova
           in
           Spain
           ,
           and
           there
           dressed
           is
           made
           the
           right
           Cordovant
           leather
           :
           also
           there
           is
           an
           Herb
           whereof
           if
           one
           eat
           ,
           it
           is
           said
           that
           he
           will
           die
           with
           laughter
           ;
           the
           Herb
           being
           of
           such
           a
           poysonous
           nature
           ,
           that
           it
           causeth
           the
           Man
           to
           die
           with
           such
           a
           convulsion
           of
           sinews
           ,
           that
           he
           seemeth
           to
           grinn
           ,
           or
           laugh
           ,
           at
           the
           time
           of
           his
           death
           .
           The
           People
           are
           small
           of
           stature
           ,
           their
           Complexion
           inclining
           unto
           swarthiness
           ,
           rude
           in
           Manners
           ,
           very
           slothful
           and
           rebellious
           ,
           yet
           given
           to
           Hunting
           ;
           their
           Diet
           mean
           ,
           their
           Apparel
           in
           Towns
           Gorgeous
           ,
           in
           Villages
           base
           ;
           their
           Religion
           Papistically
           formal
           ,
           little
           Curious
           ,
           their
           Clergy
           being
           counted
           the
           most
           illiterate
           and
           ignorant
           in
           that
           part
           of
           the
           World
           called
           Christendome
           ;
           it
           is
           now
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           governed
           by
           a
           Vice-Roy
           ,
           who
           resides
           at
           Calaris
           ,
           and
           must
           of
           necessity
           be
           a
           Spaniard
           ,
           under
           whom
           are
           two
           Deputies-Governours
           ,
           Spaniards
           also
           ;
           inferiour
           
           Officers
           of
           command
           may
           be
           of
           the
           natives
           :
           what
           profits
           arise
           here
           to
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           I
           have
           no
           where
           found
           .
           The
           arms
           hereof
           are
           said
           to
           be
           Or
           a
           cross
           Gules
           betwixt
           four
           Saracens
           heads
           Sable
           curled
           argent
           .
           There
           are
           also
           divers
           small
           Islands
           belonging
           thereunto
           .
           And
           lastly
           ,
           it
           hath
           three
           Arch-bishops
           and
           fifteen
           Bishops
           .
        
         
           The
           lands
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           or
           the
           Popes
           Dominions
           in
           Italy
           ,
           lie
           west
           of
           the
           Realm
           of
           Naples
           ,
           extended
           north
           and
           south
           ,
           from
           the
           Adriatick
           to
           the
           Tuscan-Seas
           ,
           bounded
           on
           the
           north-east
           with
           the
           river
           Trontus
           ,
           on
           the
           south-east
           with
           the
           Axofenus
           ,
           by
           which
           two
           it
           is
           parted
           from
           that
           Kingdom
           as
           on
           the
           north-west
           by
           the
           rivers
           Poe
           and
           Frore
           ;
           by
           which
           it
           is
           separated
           from
           the
           State
           of
           Venice
           :
           and
           on
           the
           southwest
           by
           the
           river
           Pisco
           ,
           by
           which
           it
           is
           divided
           from
           the
           modern
           Tuscany
           ,
           or
           the
           State
           of
           the
           Florentine
           .
           It
           is
           the
           middle
           of
           Italy
           ,
           having
           in
           breadth
           from
           one
           Sea
           to
           another
           ,
           above
           one
           hundred
           miles
           ,
           and
           in
           length
           above
           three
           hundred
           miles
           ;
           the
           land
           exceeding
           fertile
           ,
           abounding
           with
           multitudes
           of
           people
           ,
           seldom
           consumed
           with
           wars
           :
           they
           are
           good
           husbands
           for
           their
           ground
           ,
           but
           no
           tradesmen
           for
           Manufactures
           :
           there
           have
           been
           fifteen
           Exarches
           of
           Ravenna
           in
           Romandiola
           :
           which
           Province
           became
           wholly
           subjected
           to
           the
           Papacy
           ,
           by
           the
           inhumane
           treachery
           of
           
             Casar
             Borgia
          
           ,
           Nephew
           ,
           or
           indeed
           Son
           to
           Pope
           Alexonder
           the
           sixth
           ,
           who
           having
           waged
           a
           war
           ,
           with
           the
           Nobility
           and
           States
           thereof
           ,
           who
           refused
           his
           absolute
           Soveraignty
           ,
           
           fraudulently
           entered
           into
           a
           Treaty
           with
           them
           ,
           whereby
           it
           was
           concluded
           as
           the
           main
           Article
           ,
           that
           he
           never
           should
           assemble
           the
           said
           Estates
           together
           ,
           they
           suspecting
           his
           malicious
           perfidiousness
           against
           them
           would
           then
           find
           an
           advantage
           of
           destroying
           them
           together
           ;
           which
           nevertheless
           he
           by
           policy
           and
           dissimulation
           effected
           ,
           and
           then
           murthered
           them
           ;
           which
           being
           related
           to
           the
           Pope
           ,
           and
           the
           perjury
           of
           his
           Nephew
           upbraided
           :
           He
           answered
           ,
           it
           was
           not
           his
           Nephew
           had
           broke
           the
           Articles
           ,
           but
           the
           Estates
           themselves
           in
           coming
           altogether
           ,
           meeting
           there
           Seventeen
           Dukes
           and
           Marquesses
           of
           Ferrara
           :
           the
           revenue
           whereof
           was
           two
           hundred
           fifty
           thousand
           crowns
           yearly
           ,
           but
           now
           it
           is
           not
           worth
           so
           much
           to
           the
           Pope
           :
           There
           have
           been
           also
           six
           Dukes
           of
           Urbin
           ,
           the
           revenues
           are
           one
           hundred
           thousand
           crowns
           ;
           but
           the
           chiefest
           glory
           they
           have
           ,
           is
           of
           the
           City
           of
           Rome
           ,
           sometime
           the
           Empress
           of
           the
           world
           :
           there
           are
           accounted
           to
           have
           passed
           in
           it
           sixty
           five
           Bishops
           before
           it
           usurped
           the
           spiritual
           supremacy
           over
           Christendom
           ;
           Bonifacius
           the
           third
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           of
           Christ
           six
           hundred
           and
           six
           ,
           making
           the
           sixty
           sixth
           Bishop
           ,
           so
           fulfilling
           the
           mark
           of
           Antichrist
           .
           Rev.
           13.
           18.
           of
           the
           number
           six
           hundred
           sixty
           six
           ,
           which
           also
           the
           numeral
           letters
           make
           up
           in
           his
           arrogant
           Title
           ,
           
             GeneraLis
             VICarIVs
             DeI
             In
             terrIs
          
           .
        
         
           The
           Bishops
           taking
           this
           Title
           in
           the
           year
           one
           thousand
           six
           hundred
           forty
           four
           ,
           had
           been
           one
           hundred
           seventy
           nine
           ,
           and
           both
           added
           together
           ,
           
           two
           hundred
           forty
           four
           ;
           and
           how
           many
           more
           they
           shall
           be
           ,
           
             he
             only
             knoweth
             ,
             who
             knoweth
             all
             things
          
           ;
           the
           ordinary
           temporal
           revenues
           of
           the
           Pope
           ,
           are
           two
           millions
           of
           Crowns
           ,
           but
           the
           extraordinary
           spiritual
           ,
           twice
           as
           much
           .
           There
           were
           several
           Orders
           of
           Monks
           installed
           at
           several
           times
           called
           the
           Orders
           of
           Saint
           
             Basil
             ,
             Austin
             ,
             Ierome
             ,
             Carmelites
             ,
             Crouched
             Fryers
             ,
             Dominicans
             ,
             Benedictines
             ,
             Franciscans
             ,
             Iosuites
             ,
          
           and
           Oratorians
           :
           And
           of
           women
           the
           Orders
           chiefly
           of
           Clare
           and
           Bridget
           ,
           which
           to
           name
           onely
           ,
           I
           think
           may
           suffice
           in
           a
           Treatise
           of
           this
           nature
           .
           The
           Archbishops
           here
           are
           forty
           four
           ,
           The
           Bishops
           fifty
           seven
           .
        
         
           The
           Italian
           Provinces
           of
           the
           State
           of
           Venice
           ,
           lie
           northward
           of
           the
           lands
           of
           the
           Church
           from
           Romandiola
           to
           the
           Alps
           ,
           bounded
           on
           the
           South
           with
           the
           Territory
           of
           Ferrara
           and
           the
           rest
           of
           Romandiola
           on
           the
           west
           ,
           with
           the
           Dukedome
           of
           Millain
           on
           the
           north
           ,
           with
           the
           main
           body
           of
           the
           Alps
           ;
           and
           on
           the
           east
           with
           the
           Adriatick
           Sea
           ,
           and
           the
           river
           Arsia
           ,
           by
           which
           it
           is
           parted
           from
           Liburnia
           ,
           a
           Sclavonian
           Province
           .
           It
           abounds
           with
           wise
           people
           and
           fruitful
           Cities
           and
           Countries
           ;
           their
           Religion
           is
           Popish
           ,
           but
           not
           so
           absolutely
           slavish
           as
           the
           rest
           .
           They
           baptize
           the
           Sea
           yearly
           ,
           and
           their
           Duke
           marryeth●…
           it
           as
           often
           .
        
         
           Their
           government
           is
           Aristocratical
           ,
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ;
           they
           have
           had
           neer
           one
           hundred
           Dukes
           of
           Venice
           ;
           They
           have
           two
           principal
           orders
           of
           
           Knighthood
           ,
           of
           Saint
           Mark
           the
           Patron
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           instituted
           one
           thousand
           three
           hundred
           thirty
           ,
           and
           renewed
           one
           thousand
           five
           hundred
           sixty
           two
           .
           They
           are
           to
           be
           of
           noble
           blood
           ,
           at
           least
           a
           Gentleman
           :
           their
           word
           or
           Motto
           is
           ,
           
             Pax
             tihi
             Marce
          
           :
           the
           other
           is
           of
           the
           glorious
           Virgin
           ,
           instituted
           one
           thousand
           two
           hundred
           twenty
           two
           :
           their
           charge
           is
           to
           defend
           the
           Widows
           and
           Orphans
           ,
           and
           to
           procure
           (
           as
           much
           as
           in
           them
           is
           )
           the
           peace
           of
           Italy
           .
           The
           arms
           of
           the
           order
           is
           a
           purple
           cross
           between
           certain
           stars
           :
           the
           Habit
           a
           white
           Surcoat
           over
           a
           russet
           cloak
           ,
           and
           seems
           to
           be
           religious
           as
           well
           as
           military
           :
           there
           are
           in
           this
           Italian
           part
           of
           Venice
           ,
           two
           Patriarchs
           ,
           and
           sixteen
           Bishops
           .
        
         
           The
           Venetians
           are
           now
           ,
           and
           for
           more
           then
           twenty
           years
           last
           past
           ,
           have
           been
           engaged
           in
           a
           war
           against
           the
           great
           Turk
           ,
           which
           is
           carried
           on
           at
           Sea
           ,
           in
           the
           Archipelage
           ,
           in
           Dalmatia
           ,
           and
           most
           fiercely
           in
           the
           Isle
           of
           Candia
           ,
           which
           is
           equally
           possessed
           by
           them
           both
           ,
           with
           little
           difference
           of
           success
           ,
           having
           been
           so
           maintained
           twenty
           four
           years
           and
           like
           to
           continue
           as
           many
           more
           :
           though
           the
           Venetians
           lost
           the
           Island
           and
           Kingdom
           of
           Cyprus
           as
           big
           again
           ,
           to
           the
           said
           Turkish
           power
           ,
           in
           Sultan
           Selymus's
           time
           ,
           in
           less
           than
           half
           a
           year
           :
           This
           Maiden-Common-wealth
           ,
           is
           the
           bulwark
           of
           Christendom
           .
        
         
           For
           besides
           the
           famous
           Battel
           of
           Lepanto
           ,
           where
           they
           defeated
           all
           the
           naval
           power
           of
           that
           Empire
           :
           in
           the
           year
           1654.
           
           General
           Morosini
           
           gave
           them
           another
           overthrow
           as
           the
           Turkish
           Fleet
           was
           endeavouring
           to
           come
           out
           of
           the
           Dardanellces
           ,
           on
           the
           14.
           of
           Iuly
           :
           who
           lost
           in
           the
           fight
           ,
           16.
           
           Ships
           ,
           6.
           
           Galleys
           ,
           2.
           
           Mahoons
           ,
           and
           many
           other
           Vessels
           ;
           4000
           men
           taken
           prisoners
           ,
           who
           were
           made
           slaves
           ,
           and
           as
           many
           killed
           .
           Their
           whole
           Navy
           consisted
           of
           a
           hundred
           Ships
           ,
           the
           Venetians
           not
           above
           fifty
           .
        
         
           The
           Dukedom
           of
           Florence
           or
           the
           estate
           of
           the
           Great
           Duke
           of
           Tuscany
           ,
           is
           divided
           in
           the
           east
           from
           Saint
           Peters
           Patrimony
           by
           the
           river
           Pisca
           ,
           on
           the
           west
           ,
           from
           the
           Common-wealth
           of
           Genoa
           ,
           by
           the
           river
           Macra
           ,
           and
           the
           strong
           Fort
           of
           Sarezana
           ;
           on
           the
           north
           from
           Romandiola
           ,
           and
           
             Marca
             Anteritana
          
           by
           the
           Appeninne
           hils
           :
           and
           on
           the
           south-side
           ,
           it
           is
           bounded
           with
           the
           Tuscan
           o●…
           Tyrrhenian
           Seas
           :
           It
           was
           a
           while
           a
           Free-state
           ,
           having
           Princes
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Medici
           ,
           but
           now
           it
           is
           governed
           by
           the
           Duke
           of
           Florence
           ,
           or
           great
           Duke
           of
           Tuscany
           ,
           of
           the
           same
           Family
           .
           The
           length
           of
           this
           State
           is
           two
           hundred
           sixty
           miles
           ,
           the
           breadth
           in
           some
           places
           much
           inferiour
           :
           the
           only
           order
           of
           Knighthood
           here
           ,
           is
           that
           of
           Saint
           Stephen
           ,
           instituted
           one
           thousand
           five
           hundred
           sixty
           one
           .
           It
           is
           kept
           August
           the
           6.
           yearly
           ,
           and
           hath
           all
           the
           priviledges
           of
           them
           of
           Malta
           ,
           upon
           the
           condition
           that
           they
           of
           the
           order
           should
           make
           a
           vow
           of
           charity
           ,
           of
           continual
           chastity
           and
           obedience
           :
           they
           are
           to
           be
           nobly
           born
           ,
           and
           in
           lawful
           wedlock
           ;
           of
           the
           Romish
           Church
           ,
           and
           without
           note
           of
           infamy
           :
           their
           Robe
           is
           of
           white
           
           Chamlet
           ,
           with
           a
           red
           Cross
           of
           their
           left
           side
           sewed
           upon
           their
           midday
           garments
           ,
           or
           their
           wearing
           Cloaks
           :
           the
           number
           is
           uncertain
           ;
           the
           great
           Duke
           is
           the
           supreme
           Master
           of
           it
           ;
           the
           reve●…es
           are
           very
           great
           ;
           besides
           the
           great
           Duke
           is
           a
           Merchant
           ,
           and
           taketh
           Excise
           almost
           of
           every
           thing
           :
           the
           Arms
           are
           ,
           Or
           ,
           five
           
             Torteaux
             ,
             Gules
          
           ,
           two
           ,
           two
           and
           one
           and
           one
           in
           chief
           ,
           Azure
           charged
           with
           three
           Flower-de-luces
           of
           the
           first
           .
           Here
           are
           three
           Arch-bishops
           ,
           and
           twenty
           six
           Bishops
           .
        
         
           The
           free
           State
           of
           Luca
           in
           Italy
           ,
           lieth
           betwixt
           the
           State
           of
           the
           great
           Duke
           ,
           and
           the
           Common-wealth
           of
           Genoa
           ;
           they
           are
           a
           free
           ,
           courteous
           ,
           modest
           People
           ,
           of
           good
           judgement
           and
           discreet
           ,
           wisely
           preserving
           their
           liberty
           against
           the
           strength
           of
           potent
           neighbours
           ,
           they
           are
           industrious
           ,
           also
           well
           seen
           in
           Manufactures
           ,
           especially
           in
           weaving
           cloth
           of
           gold
           and
           silk
           .
           The
           Dominions
           of
           it
           are
           eighty
           miles
           ,
           the
           revenue
           is
           eighty
           thousand
           crowns
           yearly
           ;
           it
           can
           raise
           for
           war
           fifteen
           thousand
           foot
           ,
           and
           three
           thousand
           horse
           ;
           the
           Government
           is
           mixed
           of
           Aristocracy
           ,
           and
           Democracie
           :
           the
           principal
           Magistrate
           ,
           called
           
             Gon
             Falinere
          
           ,
           is
           changeable
           every
           second
           month
           ,
           assisted
           by
           a
           certain
           and
           determinate
           number
           of
           citizens
           ,
           whom
           they
           change
           every
           sixth
           month
           also
           ,
           during
           which
           time
           they
           lie
           together
           in
           the
           Palace
           ,
           or
           common-hall
           ;
           their
           Protector
           is
           also
           elective
           ,
           of
           some
           neighbour
           King
           or
           State
           ;
           their
           Religion
           is
           Popish
           :
           they
           have
           two
           Bishops
           ,
           onely
           acknowledging
           the
           Arch-bishop
           of
           Florence
           for
           their
           Metropolitan
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Common-wealth
           of
           Genoa
           in
           Italy
           lieth
           west
           of
           Tuscany
           ,
           from
           which
           it
           is
           divided
           by
           the
           river
           Macra
           .
           They
           were
           anciently
           a
           large
           State
           ,
           but
           have
           now
           onely
           Liguria
           and
           the
           Isle
           of
           Corsica
           in
           their
           power
           ;
           the
           men
           were
           good
           warriors
           ,
           Merchants
           ,
           and
           given
           to
           usury
           ,
           which
           they
           learned
           of
           the
           Jews
           .
           Mr.
           Heylin
           reporteth
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           the
           saying
           of
           a
           merry
           fellow
           ,
           that
           in
           Christendome
           there
           were
           neither
           Scholars
           enough
           ,
           Gentlemen
           enough
           ,
           nor
           Jews
           enough
           :
           not
           Scholars
           enough
           ,
           for
           then
           so
           many
           would
           not
           be
           double
           or
           treble-beneficed
           :
           not
           Gentlemen
           enough
           ,
           for
           then
           we
           should
           not
           have
           so
           many
           Pesants
           turn
           Gentlemen
           :
           nor
           Iastly
           Jews
           enough
           ,
           for
           then
           so
           many
           Christians
           would
           not
           turn
           Usurers
           .
        
         
           The
           Women
           here
           are
           priviledged
           above
           all
           Italy
           ,
           having
           liberty
           to
           talk
           with
           whom
           they
           will
           ,
           and
           be
           courted
           by
           any
           that
           will
           ,
           both
           publikely
           and
           privately
           :
           from
           hence
           and
           some
           other
           particulars
           ,
           they
           have
           made
           this
           proverb
           ,
           of
           the
           State
           of
           the
           Countrey
           :
           
             Mountains
             without
             wood
             ,
             Seas
             without
             fish
             ,
             Men
             without
             faith
             ,
             and
             Women
             without
             shame
             .
          
           They
           have
           a
           Duke
           and
           eight
           more
           assistant
           with
           him
           ,
           all
           subject
           to
           the
           general
           Councel
           of
           four
           hundred
           men
           :
           the
           Duke
           and
           his
           eight
           assustants
           hold
           but
           two
           years
           :
           Spain
           is
           their
           Protector
           ,
           and
           they
           have
           one
           Arch-bishop
           ,
           fourteen
           Bishops
           .
        
         
           This
           Common-wealth
           hath
           maintain'd
           it self
           in
           perfect
           peace
           at
           home
           ,
           and
           free
           Commerce
           
           at
           Sea
           ,
           by
           its
           good
           Government
           for
           many
           ages
           past
           :
           having
           sometimes
           been
           troubled
           by
           the
           quarrelling
           interests
           of
           its
           Neighbour
           potent
           Princes
           ,
           viz.
           the
           Duke
           of
           Savoy
           ,
           the
           French
           ,
           and
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Millain
           ,
           belonging
           to
           the
           Spaniard
           .
           They
           are
           the
           King
           of
           
           Spain's
           constantest
           Exchequer
           .
        
         
           The
           State
           of
           Lumbardy
           in
           Italy
           ,
           is
           bounded
           on
           the
           east
           with
           Romandiola
           ,
           and
           the
           State
           or
           Territory
           of
           Ferrara
           ;
           on
           the
           west
           with
           that
           part
           of
           the
           Alps
           which
           divides
           Italy
           from
           France
           :
           on
           the
           north
           (
           reckoning
           
             Marca
             Trevigiana
          
           within
           the
           bounds
           thereof
           )
           with
           that
           part
           of
           the
           Alps
           which
           lyeth
           towards
           Germany
           :
           and
           on
           the
           south
           with
           the
           Apennine
           ,
           which
           parteth
           it
           from
           Liguria
           ,
           or
           the
           States
           of
           Genoa
           :
           as
           Italy
           is
           the
           Garden
           of
           Europe
           ,
           so
           Lumbardy
           is
           the
           Garden
           of
           Italy
           for
           the
           fruitfulness
           .
        
         
           The
           Dukedome
           of
           Millain
           in
           Italy
           ,
           hath
           on
           the
           east
           the
           States
           of
           Mantua
           and
           Parma
           ,
           on
           the
           west
           Piemont
           ,
           and
           some
           part
           of
           Switzerland
           one
           of
           the
           Provinces
           of
           the
           Alps
           ,
           on
           the
           north
           
             Marca
             Trevigiana
          
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           south
           the
           Apennine
           ,
           which
           parteth
           it
           from
           Liguria
           or
           the
           States
           of
           Genoa
           :
           It
           hath
           had
           several
           Lords
           and
           Dukes
           of
           Millain
           ,
           accounted
           the
           chief
           Dukedom
           in
           Christendom
           ,
           but
           now
           under
           the
           Spaniards
           :
           the
           annual
           rent
           worth
           eight
           hundred
           thousand
           Duckets
           :
           but
           considering
           all
           charges
           ,
           the
           Spaniard
           is
           taken
           to
           lose
           in
           keeping
           it
           .
           The
           arms
           are
           Argent
           ,
           a
           Serpent
           Azure
           crowned
           ,
           Or
           ,
           in
           his
           
           Gorge
           an
           infant
           Gules
           .
           There
           are
           one
           Arch-Bishop
           ,
           six
           Bishops
           .
        
         
           The
           title
           to
           this
           Dutchy
           was
           ,
           as
           above
           ,
           long
           contested
           for
           by
           the
           two
           Crowns
           of
           France
           and
           Spain
           ,
           but
           was
           finally
           vested
           in
           the
           most
           Catholique
           King
           :
           during
           the
           last
           rupture
           between
           those
           two
           Monarchs
           ,
           this
           was
           a
           sad
           Theatre
           of
           War
           and
           Bloodshed
           .
           The
           last
           parting
           blow
           ,
           not
           to
           recite
           more
           ,
           before
           the
           whole
           general
           peace
           concluded
           ,
           1659.
           was
           at
           the
           City
           of
           Pavia
           ,
           besieged
           by
           Prince
           Tho.
           of
           Savoy
           General
           for
           the
           French
           ,
           and
           the
           united
           strength
           of
           Savoy
           and
           Prince
           of
           Modena
           ,
           which
           by
           the
           valour
           of
           the
           besieged
           ,
           and
           the
           succour
           brought
           them
           by
           the
           Marquess
           of
           Caracena
           Governour
           of
           Millain
           ,
           was
           freed
           after
           four
           months
           siege
           :
           and
           the
           two
           aforesaid
           Princes
           put
           to
           the
           rout
           with
           the
           loss
           of
           3000.
           
           Men
           ,
           some
           Cannon
           ,
           Bag
           ,
           and
           Baggage
           ,
           the
           said
           Duke
           shot
           in
           the
           Arm
           ,
           and
           the
           Prince
           thereby
           contracted
           such
           a
           Feaver
           ,
           that
           it
           soon
           after
           ended
           him
           .
        
         
           The
           Dukedome
           of
           Mantua
           in
           Italy
           ,
           is
           bounded
           on
           the
           west
           with
           Millain
           ,
           on
           the
           east
           with
           Romandiola
           ,
           on
           the
           north
           with
           
             Marca
             Trevigiana
          
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           south
           with
           the
           Dukedom
           of
           Parma
           ;
           the
           Soyl
           is
           reasonable
           good
           ,
           and
           yieldeth
           all
           sorts
           of
           fruits
           ,
           being
           well
           manured
           ,
           plentifull
           in
           Corn
           ,
           Pastures
           ,
           and
           abundance
           of
           Vines
           ,
           but
           the
           Inhabitants
           not
           so
           civil
           and
           well
           bred
           as
           the
           rest
           of
           Italy
           ,
           childish
           in
           their
           Apparel
           ,
           without
           Manly
           gravity
           in
           entertainment
           of
           friends
           ,
           and
           exacting
           
           all
           they
           can
           from
           strangers
           ;
           it
           is
           a
           Soveraignty
           and
           hath
           had
           many
           Dukes
           thereof
           .
           The
           chief
           Order
           of
           Knighthood
           in
           these
           Dukedomes
           is
           of
           the
           blood
           of
           our
           Lord
           Jesus
           Christ
           ,
           instituted
           Ann.
           one
           thousand
           six
           hundred
           eight
           ;
           it
           consisteth
           of
           20
           Knights
           ,
           whereof
           the
           Mantuan
           Dukes
           are
           Soveraigns
           .
           The
           collar
           hath
           threds
           of
           gold
           ,
           laid
           on
           with
           fire
           ,
           and
           enterwoven
           with
           these
           words
           ,
           
             Domine
             probasti
          
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           collar
           are
           pendent
           two
           Angels
           supporting
           three
           drops
           of
           blood
           ,
           and
           circumscribed
           ,
           
             Nihil
             isto
             triste
             recepto
          
           .
           It
           is
           accounted
           a
           great
           circuit
           ,
           but
           not
           worth
           above
           five
           hundred
           thousand
           Ducats
           :
           the
           arms
           are
           Argent
           ,
           a
           cross
           
             Patee
             Gules
          
           between
           four
           Eagles
           sable
           ,
           membred
           of
           the
           second
           ,
           under
           an
           Escuchion
           in
           fise
           charged
           quarterly
           with
           Gules
           ,
           a
           Lion
           Or
           ,
           and
           Or
           three
           bars
           Sable
           :
           here
           are
           ,
           one
           Archbishop
           ,
           and
           four
           Bishops
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1627.
           the
           26
           of
           December
           ,
           Duke
           Vincent
           of
           Mantua
           deceasing
           without
           Children
           ;
           the
           succession
           fell
           to
           the
           Duke
           of
           Nevers
           ,
           a
           Peer
           of
           France
           ,
           of
           the
           illustrious
           kin
           and
           family
           of
           Gonzaga
           ;
           who
           received
           it
           ,
           and
           precipitated
           his
           investiture
           therein
           ,
           without
           the
           knowledge
           of
           the
           Emperour
           to
           whom
           that
           Dutchy
           is
           Feudatory
           .
           The
           Spaniards
           out
           of
           jealousie
           ,
           the
           Savoyards
           out
           of
           an
           old
           pretension
           ,
           seized
           of
           many
           places
           in
           Montferrat
           ,
           and
           besieged
           Casal
           .
           The
           Duke
           of
           Never●…
           garrisoned
           many
           tenable
           places
           ,
           and
           joyned
           with
           the
           Venetians
           untill
           such
           time
           as
           the
           French
           forces
           
           arrived
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           detained
           at
           the
           seige
           of
           Rochel
           ,
           under
           the
           command
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Crequi
           ,
           who
           opposed
           those
           Armies
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           came
           an
           Army
           of
           twenty
           thousand
           out
           of
           Germany
           sent
           by
           the
           Emperour
           to
           assert
           his
           own
           Authority
           .
           By
           these
           numerous
           Hosts
           the
           Country
           was
           almost
           depopulated
           ,
           the
           Churches
           robbed
           ,
           the
           Germans
           being
           most
           Lutherans
           ,
           and
           so
           enemies
           to
           the
           Romish
           Superstition
           ;
           till
           at
           last
           by
           the
           powerfull
           instance
           of
           Cardinal
           Richleiu
           who
           set
           up
           this
           Duke
           in
           spight
           of
           the
           Emperour
           ;
           and
           to
           allay
           the
           greatness
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Austria
           ;
           a
           peace
           was
           concluded
           at
           Vienna
           ,
           (
           wherein
           the
           Duke
           of
           Nevers
           was
           established
           ,
           and
           did
           his
           Homage
           )
           and
           published
           ,
           just
           as
           the
           Armies
           of
           the
           French
           and
           their
           Confederates
           were
           ready
           to
           joyn
           in
           battell
           at
           the
           Seige
           of
           Casal
           ,
           defended
           by
           the
           brave
           French
           Marquess
           
             De
             Toyrass
          
           ,
           who
           maintained
           the
           Isle
           of
           Rhee
           against
           the
           Duke
           of
           Buckingham
           newly
           before
           .
           This
           Ducall
           Family
           is
           now
           by
           Marriage
           principally
           allyed
           to
           the
           Emperour
           and
           House
           of
           Austria
           .
        
         
           I
           shall
           pass
           by
           the
           Dukedoms
           of
           
             Modena
             ,
             Parma
          
           ,
           and
           Mountferrat
           ,
           as
           being
           all
           three
           but
           small
           estates
           of
           Italy
           ,
           and
           havin●…
           but
           four
           Bishops
           amongst
           them
           all
           :
           the
           arms
           of
           Modena
           the
           same
           with
           the
           Dukedom
           of
           Ferrara
           ;
           and
           the
           arms
           of
           
             Mountferrat
             ,
             Gules
          
           ,
           a
           chief
           Argent
           :
           thus
           much
           for
           Italy
           .
        
         
           These
           three
           small
           principalities
           ,
           have
           afforded
           very
           excellent
           Couragious
           Princes
           .
           Not
           to
           
           mention
           the
           exploits
           of
           that
           renowned
           Alexander
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           ,
           Governour
           of
           the
           Low-Countries
           for
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ;
           it
           shall
           suffice
           to
           say
           that
           they
           ballance
           the
           over-growing
           Power
           of
           either
           of
           the
           Monarchs
           of
           France
           or
           Spain
           ,
           siding
           alwayes
           with
           the
           weakest
           ,
           lest
           they
           become
           a
           prey
           to
           the
           Conqueror
           ;
           and
           to
           that
           purpose
           are
           commonly
           divided
           in
           the
           Quarrel
           ,
           siding
           in
           opposition
           ,
           yet
           exercise
           no
           Hostility
           upon
           each
           others
           Dominions
           .
           
             Moun
             ferrat
          
           is
           now
           annexed
           to
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Mantua
           ,
           whose
           Duke
           is
           Prince
           of
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           The
           Principality
           of
           Piemont
           ,
           a
           part
           of
           the
           Alpes
           ,
           situate
           at
           the
           foot
           of
           the
           Mount
           ,
           is
           bounded
           on
           the
           east
           with
           Millain
           ,
           and
           Mountferrat
           ,
           on
           the
           west
           with
           Savoy
           ,
           on
           the
           north
           with
           the
           Switzers
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           south
           it
           runneth
           in
           a
           narrow
           valley
           to
           the
           Mediterranean
           ,
           having
           Mountferrat
           on
           the
           one
           side
           ,
           Provence
           and
           a
           part
           of
           the
           Alpes
           upon
           the
           other
           :
           it
           is
           very
           fertile
           ,
           compared
           with
           Sav●…y
           ,
           and
           Switzerland
           ,
           but
           thought
           to
           be
           inferiour
           to
           the
           rest
           of
           Italy
           :
           the
           Arms
           of
           this
           Principality
           are
           Gules
           ,
           a
           Cross
           Argent
           ,
           charged
           with
           a
           Label
           of
           three
           points
           Azure
           ▪
           It
           is
           now
           subject
           to
           the
           Dukedom
           of
           Savoy
           .
        
         
           This
           Principality
           hath
           been
           often
           made
           the
           seat
           of
           War
           ,
           especially
           in
           the
           Reigns
           of
           Hen.
           the
           4.
           and
           Lewis
           the
           13th
           .
           of
           France
           ,
           in
           the
           passage
           of
           their
           Armies
           into
           Italy
           ,
           and
           the
           Duke
           of
           Savoy
           ,
           who
           is
           Prince
           and
           Soveraign
           thereof
           ,
           hard
           put
           to
           it
           ,
           
           most
           of
           his
           strong
           holds
           being
           seized
           while
           he
           partaked
           with
           the
           Spaniard
           :
           but
           since
           the
           alliance
           of
           that
           Duke
           with
           the
           French
           ,
           it
           hath
           had
           a
           refreshment
           ,
           which
           hath
           been
           inte●…rupted
           by
           some
           intestine
           troubles
           about
           Religion
           ,
           a
           great
           part
           thereof
           being
           of
           the
           Reformed
           Religion
           ;
           witness
           that
           Massacre
           there
           ,
           for
           which
           such
           liberal
           Collections
           and
           Contributions
           were
           made
           in
           〈◊〉
           for
           those
           Protestants
           ,
           in
           time
           of
           Oliver
           .
        
         
           Savoy
           strictly
           and
           specially
           so
           called
           ,
           is
           bounded
           on
           the
           East
           with
           Wallisland
           ,
           and
           part
           of
           Piemont
           ,
           on
           the
           west
           with
           Daulphin
           and
           
             La
             Bresse
          
           ,
           on
           the
           south
           with
           some
           parts
           of
           Daulphine
           only
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           north
           with
           Switzerland
           and
           the
           lake
           of
           Geneva
           .
           The
           Country
           is
           altogether
           Hilly
           and
           Mountainous
           ;
           very
           healthful
           ,
           but
           not
           very
           fruitful
           :
           The
           Common
           People
           are
           naturally
           very
           dull
           ,
           but
           the
           Gentry
           pleasant
           ,
           ingenious
           ,
           and
           civil
           :
           There
           have
           been
           near
           thirty
           Earls
           and
           Dukes
           of
           Savoy
           :
           It
           is
           a
           very
           strong
           place
           with
           fortifications
           of
           nature
           ;
           the
           Revenue
           ordinarily
           a
           million
           of
           Crowns
           yearly
           .
           The
           onely
           Order
           of
           Knighthood
           here
           is
           that
           of
           the
           A●…nunciado
           ,
           ordained
           one
           thousand
           four
           hundred
           and
           eight
           ;
           their
           Collar
           is
           of
           fifty
           links
           ,
           to
           shew
           the
           mysteries
           of
           the
           Virgin
           ;
           at
           the
           end
           is
           her
           pourtraicture
           with
           the
           history
           of
           the
           Annunciation
           ;
           in
           stead
           of
           a
           Motto
           these
           Letters
           ,
           
             F.
             E.
             R.
             T.
             i.
             e.
             Fortitu●…o
             ejus
             Rhodum
             tenuit
             ,
          
           are
           engraven
           to
           every
           plate
           or
           link
           of
           the
           Collar
           ,
           each
           link
           being
           interwoven
           one
           within
           another
           in
           form
           of
           a
           true
           
           lovers
           knot
           ;
           the
           number
           of
           Knights
           is
           fourteen
           beside
           the
           Duke
           the
           Soveraign
           of
           the
           Order
           ;
           the
           Solemnity
           held
           annually
           on
           our
           Lady-day
           :
           the
           Arms
           are
           G.
           a
           crosse
           A.
           Geneva
           is
           a
           City
           of
           the
           Dukedome
           of
           Savoy
           ,
           now
           a
           free
           State
           ,
           having
           cast
           off
           both
           the
           Pope
           and
           their
           own
           Duke
           ,
           and
           kept
           free
           by
           their
           neighbours
           jealousie
           each
           of
           other
           touching
           it
           ;
           the
           Religion
           is
           Calvinist
           Protestant
           ,
           the
           Government
           Presbyterial
           ,
           the
           Language
           the
           worst
           French
           ,
           the
           People
           industrious
           ,
           and
           Merchants
           ;
           their
           situation
           for
           neighbours
           advantagious
           thereunto
           .
        
         
           Of
           the
           Duke
           and
           this
           Dutchy
           enough
           hath
           been
           said
           before
           ,
           in
           the
           Historical
           description
           of
           Mantua
           and
           Piedmont
           ,
           onely
           thus
           much
           may
           be
           added
           ,
           that
           the
           present
           Duke
           is
           Cousin
           German
           to
           our
           Soveraign
           King
           Charles
           the
           Second
           ,
           by
           his
           Mothers
           side
           ,
           who
           is
           Sister
           to
           our
           present
           Queen
           Mother
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           is
           the
           powerfullest
           Arbitrator
           of
           the
           Affairs
           of
           Italy
           ,
           and
           hath
           the
           peculiar
           stile
           of
           His
           Highness
           Royal
           ,
           as
           a
           pretender
           to
           the
           Kingdoms
           of
           Cyprus
           ,
           as
           also
           Ierusalem
           ,
           and
           Portugal
           .
        
         
           Wallisland
           reacheth
           from
           the
           Mountain
           
             de
             Burken
          
           to
           the
           Town
           of
           St.
           Maurice
           ,
           where
           the
           hills
           do
           close
           and
           shut
           up
           the
           valley
           ,
           which
           is
           so
           narrow
           in
           that
           place
           ,
           that
           a
           bridge
           laid
           from
           one
           hill
           to
           another
           ,
           (
           under
           which
           the
           River
           Rosne
           doth
           passe
           )
           is
           capable
           of
           no
           more
           than
           one
           Arch
           onely
           ,
           and
           that
           defended
           with
           a
           Castle
           ,
           and
           two
           strong
           Gates
           ;
           on
           other
           parts
           ,
           it
           is
           invironed
           with
           a
           continual
           Wall
           of
           steep
           and
           horrid
           
           Mountains
           ,
           covered
           all
           the
           year
           long
           with
           a
           crust
           of
           Ice
           ,
           nor
           passable
           at
           all
           by
           Armies
           ,
           and
           not
           without
           much
           difficulty
           by
           single
           passengers
           ,
           so
           that
           no
           Citadel
           can
           be
           made
           so
           strong
           by
           Art
           ,
           as
           this
           Countrey
           is
           by
           nature
           .
           The
           Valley
           is
           very
           fruitful
           in
           Saffron
           ,
           Corn
           ,
           Wine
           ,
           and
           most
           delicate
           Fruits
           ,
           having
           Meadows
           and
           pleasant
           Pastures
           .
           They
           have
           also
           a
           Fountain
           of
           Salt
           ,
           and
           many
           hot
           Baths
           and
           Medicinal
           VVaters
           ;
           they
           have
           Cattel
           enough
           to
           serve
           them
           ;
           also
           a
           wild
           Buck
           ,
           equal
           to
           a
           Stag
           in
           bigness
           ,
           footed
           like
           a
           Goat
           ,
           and
           horned
           like
           a
           fallow
           Deer
           ,
           leaping
           with
           wonderful
           agility
           ,
           and
           not
           so
           easily
           caught
           ,
           but
           in
           Summer
           time
           ,
           for
           then
           with
           the
           heat
           he
           is
           blind
           .
           The
           People
           are
           courteous
           towards
           Strangers
           ,
           but
           very
           rough
           and
           churlish
           towards
           one
           another
           :
           They
           are
           of
           the
           Romish
           Religion
           ,
           and
           subject
           to
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Sion
           .
           The
           Deputies
           of
           the
           seven
           Resorts
           having
           not
           onely
           voices
           with
           the
           Cantons
           in
           his
           Election
           ,
           but
           being
           chosen
           they
           joyn
           with
           him
           also
           in
           the
           Diets
           for
           choosing
           Magistrates
           ,
           redressing
           grievances
           ,
           and
           determining
           matters
           of
           State.
           
        
         
           Of
           this
           Countrey
           few
           Military
           Occurrences
           are
           historified
           ,
           for
           that
           it
           is
           by
           Nature
           as
           it
           is
           described
           ,
           no
           way
           fit
           for
           the
           entertainment
           of
           Mars
           ;
           and
           is
           onely
           a
           nursery
           ,
           no
           residence
           for
           Souldiery
           .
        
         
           Switzerland
           hath
           on
           the
           east
           side
           the
           Grisons
           ,
           and
           some
           part
           of
           Tyrol
           in
           Germany
           ,
           on
           the
           west
           the
           Mountain
           Iove
           and
           the
           lake
           of
           Geneva
           ,
           which
           parts
           it
           from
           Savoy
           and
           Burgundy
           ;
           on
           
           the
           north
           Suevia
           ,
           another
           Province
           also
           of
           the
           
             Upper
             Germany
          
           ;
           and
           on
           the
           south
           Wallisland
           ,
           and
           the
           Alpes
           which
           borders
           on
           the
           Dukedome
           of
           M●…
           .
           It
           is
           totally
           in
           a
           manner
           over-grown
           with
           craggy
           Mountains
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           for
           the
           most
           part
           have
           grassy
           tops
           ,
           and
           in
           their
           hollowness
           rich
           Meadows
           and
           nourishing
           Pastures
           ,
           being
           two
           hundred
           fourty
           miles
           in
           length
           ,
           and
           one
           hundred
           eighty
           in
           breadth
           :
           The
           Inhabitants
           are
           rich
           ,
           and
           rugged
           of
           disposition
           like
           their
           Land
           ,
           good
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           mercenary
           almost
           to
           every
           one
           ;
           their
           Religion
           mixed
           ,
           some
           Papists
           ,
           some
           Protestants-Zwinglians
           ,
           yet
           they
           have
           agreed
           to
           tolerate
           one
           another
           ;
           their
           Government
           popular
           .
        
         
           These
           People
           first
           knew
           their
           strength
           by
           the
           defeated
           Ambition
           of
           Charles
           Duke
           of
           Burgundy
           some
           Ages
           since
           ,
           whom
           ,
           after
           their
           request
           to
           him
           for
           Peace
           ,
           which
           he
           would
           not
           admit
           without
           Subjection
           ,
           intending
           also
           to
           swallow
           Italy
           ,
           they
           utterly
           overthrew
           at
           the
           Battel
           of
           Nancy
           ;
           but
           Francis
           the
           first
           of
           France
           made
           them
           know
           they
           were
           not
           invincible
           ,
           at
           the
           Battel
           of
           Serisolles
           in
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Millain
           ,
           where
           he
           slew
           near
           20000
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           brought
           down
           their
           stomachs
           .
           They
           are
           now
           the
           best
           strength
           the
           Kings
           of
           France
           have
           for
           Infantry
           ,
           of
           which
           there
           is
           a
           constant
           standing
           Force
           maintained
           ;
           but
           so
           Mercenary
           ,
           that
           upon
           any
           failure
           of
           their
           Pay
           ,
           their
           cry
           ,
           grown
           into
           a
           Proverb
           ,
           i●…
           ,
           
             No
             Money
             ,
             no
             Switzer
          
           .
           The
           Cantons
           of
           the
           two
           different
           perswasions
           Roman
           and
           
           Zuinglian
           ,
           were
           lately
           at
           feud
           ,
           and
           several
           skirmishes
           happened
           to
           the
           Breach
           of
           the
           Confederacy
           and
           Union
           ,
           but
           all
           was
           at
           last
           Composed
           by
           the
           mediation
           of
           the
           French
           Ambassadors
           ;
           no
           lesse
           a
           Person
           then
           the
           Duke
           of
           Longoville
           ,
           being
           employed
           in
           that
           affair
           ,
           to
           prevent
           the
           designs
           ,
           and
           intrigues
           of
           the
           Spaniard
           and
           the
           Pope
           ,
           who
           promoted
           that
           difference
           .
        
         
           The
           Country
           of
           the
           Grisons
           is
           bounded
           on
           the
           east
           with
           the
           Country
           of
           Tyrol
           ,
           with
           Switzerland
           on
           the
           north
           ,
           with
           Suevia
           and
           a
           part
           of
           the
           Switzers
           ,
           on
           the
           south
           with
           Lombardy
           ,
           on
           the
           west
           a
           very
           Mountainous
           and
           barren
           Land
           :
           the
           People
           now
           Protestant
           ,
           their
           Government
           popular
           ;
           in
           these
           Alpine
           parts
           there
           are
           two
           Arch-bishops
           ,
           thirteen
           Bishops
           .
        
         
           This
           Countrey
           is
           modernly
           called
           the
           Valtoline
           ,
           being
           the
           passage
           out
           of
           the
           Emperour
           's
           Hereditary
           Countrey
           in
           Germany
           ,
           into
           Italy
           ,
           and
           therefore
           anxiously
           and
           jealously
           look'd
           upon
           by
           both
           the
           Crowns
           of
           France
           and
           Spain
           ,
           lest
           the
           Spaniard
           should
           have
           it
           open
           for
           any
           assistance
           ,
           suddenly
           to
           overwhelm
           the
           Princes
           thereof
           :
           upon
           which
           account
           these
           Grisons
           suffered
           by
           both
           Armies
           in
           the
           business
           of
           Mantua
           aforesaid
           ;
           but
           in
           that
           Peace
           were
           re-established
           in
           their
           own
           Signiory
           as
           it
           now
           continues
           ,
           more
           out
           of
           others
           distrust
           then
           its
           own
           impregnability
           .
        
         
           In
           this
           Country
           of
           the
           Grisons
           some
           thirty
           years
           agoe
           a
           Mountain
           by
           an
           Earth-quake
           fell
           and
           covered
           a
           Village
           called
           Pelura
           ,
           burying
           
           the
           Town
           and
           Inhabitants
           together
           in
           its
           ponderous
           Sepulchre
           ,
           so
           irrecoverably
           ,
           that
           not
           the
           Cry
           of
           any
           of
           those
           miserable
           persons
           was
           ever
           heard
           ,
           and
           were
           swallowed
           up
           quick
           in
           that
           terrible
           manner
           .
        
         
           France
           hath
           alwayes
           been
           held
           the
           principal
           and
           worthiest
           Kingdome
           of
           all
           Christendome
           ;
           it
           is
           bounded
           on
           the
           east
           with
           Germany
           ,
           and
           southward
           with
           the
           Mediterranean
           Sea
           ,
           south-east
           with
           the
           Alps
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           north
           with
           the
           British
           Sea.
           It
           is
           very
           fruitful
           in
           all
           sorts
           of
           grain
           ,
           and
           whatsoever
           is
           needful
           for
           the
           maintenance
           of
           life
           ,
           especially
           it
           hath
           great
           abundance
           of
           wines
           ,
           wherewith
           many
           other
           Lands
           are
           also
           served
           .
           It
           is
           divided
           into
           many
           great
           Dukedoms
           and
           Provinces
           ,
           it
           hath
           in
           it
           also
           divers
           great
           ,
           mighty
           ,
           and
           famous
           Cities
           ;
           the
           People
           are
           heady
           ;
           but
           ingenious
           ,
           and
           good
           Warriours
           .
           The
           Government
           is
           meerly
           Regal
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           pleasure
           of
           the
           Prince
           ,
           of
           which
           it
           hath
           had
           many
           great
           and
           powerful
           ones
           :
           The
           Religion
           of
           the
           Land
           is
           Popish
           ,
           but
           there
           are
           many
           Protestants
           there
           ,
           who
           although
           they
           have
           been
           greatly
           persecuted
           ,
           yet
           sometimes
           their
           number
           hath
           indulged
           them
           in
           the
           exercise
           thereof
           :
           The
           chief
           Orders
           of
           Knighthood
           yet
           extant
           here
           ,
           are
           ,
           first
           of
           St.
           Michael
           ,
           instituted
           one
           thousand
           four
           hundred
           and
           nine
           .
           It
           consisted
           first
           of
           thirty
           persons
           ,
           but
           after
           ,
           of
           three
           hundred
           :
           the
           Habit
           of
           the
           order
           ,
           a
           long
           Cloak
           of
           white
           Damask
           ,
           down
           to
           the
           ground
           ,
           with
           a
           border
           interwoven
           with
           cockle-shels
           of
           gold
           ,
           interlaced
           and
           furred
           with
           Ermins
           ,
           
           with
           a
           Hood
           of
           Crimson
           Velvet
           ,
           and
           a
           long
           tippet
           about
           their
           necks
           ;
           they
           wear
           a
           Collar
           woven
           with
           Cockle-shels
           :
           the
           word
           
             Immensi
             tremor
             oceani
          
           ;
           the
           Picture
           of
           S.
           Michael
           Conquering
           the
           Divel
           was
           annexed
           to
           the
           Collar
           ,
           the
           Seat
           thereof
           ,
           antiently
           ,
           Saint
           
           Michael's
           mount
           in
           Norm●…dy
           ,
           and
           the
           day
           Saint
           
           Michael's
           day
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           of
           the
           Holy
           Ghost
           ,
           ordained
           one
           thousand
           five
           hundred
           seventy
           nine
           .
           The
           order
           of
           St.
           Michael
           is
           to
           be
           given
           to
           none
           but
           such
           as
           were
           dignified
           with
           this
           ,
           whereunto
           none
           were
           to
           be
           admitted
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           could
           prove
           their
           Nobility
           by
           three
           descents
           :
           their
           Oath
           ,
           to
           maintain
           the
           Romish
           Catholick
           Religion
           ,
           and
           persecute
           all
           opponents
           to
           it
           :
           their
           Robe
           ,
           a
           black
           velvet
           mantle
           ,
           pourtrayed
           with
           Lillies
           and
           flames
           of
           gold
           ,
           the
           Collar
           of
           Flower-de-luces
           ,
           and
           flowers
           of
           gold
           ,
           with
           a
           Cross
           ,
           and
           a
           Dove
           appendent
           to
           it
           :
           The
           Arms
           of
           France
           are
           Azure
           three
           Flower-de-luces
           Or
           ;
           it
           hath
           seventeen
           Arch-Bishops
           ,
           one
           hundred
           and
           eight
           Bishops
           ,
           and
           one
           hundred
           thirty
           two
           thousand
           Parishes
           .
        
         
           The
           Pyrenean
           hills
           are
           only
           a
           bound
           between
           France
           and
           Spain
           ,
           two
           potent
           Kingdoms
           ;
           the
           whole
           length
           ,
           not
           reckoning
           in
           the
           windings
           and
           turnings
           ,
           affirmed
           to
           be
           eighty
           Spanish
           Leagues
           at
           three
           miles
           to
           a
           League
           :
           the
           People
           barbarous
           ,
           but
           of
           what
           Religion
           my
           Author
           saith
           not
           :
           It
           may
           be
           ,
           he
           esteemed
           them
           so
           barbarous
           ,
           that
           he
           thought
           they
           could
           live
           without
           any
           Religion
           at
           all
           .
        
         
           The
           Kingdom
           of
           France
           hath
           been
           Governed
           ,
           
           and
           possessed
           by
           three
           several
           Races
           of
           Princes
           since
           the
           failure
           of
           the
           Issue
           of
           Charlemayn
           ,
           the
           last
           of
           whose
           name
           Chilperick
           the
           fourth
           was
           deposed
           ,
           first
           by
           the
           Pope
           ,
           and
           then
           by
           the
           common
           Consent
           of
           Parliament
           :
           and
           Pepin
           the
           Great
           ,
           Son
           of
           the
           Mayre
           of
           the
           Pallace
           (
           which
           Officer
           a
           long
           space
           ,
           of
           120
           years
           and
           upwards
           ,
           had
           successively
           mannaged
           the
           State
           both
           for
           Peace
           and
           War
           )
           was
           advanced
           to
           the
           Crown
           ,
           which
           after
           a
           long
           descent
           vested
           in
           the
           name
           of
           Valois
           :
           which
           for
           some
           centuries
           of
           years
           ,
           and
           during
           the
           Wars
           with
           England
           ,
           valiantly
           and
           prudently
           swayed
           the
           Sword
           and
           Scepter
           .
           This
           line
           was
           extinct
           almost
           in
           memory
           in
           the
           Person
           of
           Henry
           the
           3.
           of
           France
           ,
           stabbed
           at
           the
           Siege
           of
           Paris
           by
           a
           Iacobine
           Monk
           ,
           when
           by
           vertue
           of
           the
           Salique
           Law
           ,
           which
           admits
           of
           no
           Females
           to
           the
           Crown
           ,
           it
           devolved
           after
           a
           long
           and
           bloody
           war
           ,
           worse
           then
           their
           three
           Civil
           Wars
           concerning
           Religion
           ,
           (
           the
           Head
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Armies
           being
           this
           very
           Prince
           ,
           )
           to
           Henry
           of
           that
           name
           the
           fourth
           ,
           of
           Bourbon
           .
           This
           was
           a
           Son
           of
           Valour
           ,
           the
           Great
           Captain
           ,
           who
           by
           assistance
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           by
           some
           Forces
           under
           the
           Earl
           of
           Essex
           ,
           broke
           that
           abominable
           League
           of
           the
           Guisians
           against
           him
           ,
           and
           established
           his
           Throne
           :
           and
           preparing
           for
           some
           great
           design
           ,
           was
           stabbed
           by
           one
           
             Francis
             Ravilliac
          
           in
           h●…s
           Coach
           in
           the
           Streets
           of
           Paris
           .
           His
           Son
           Lewis
           the
           13
           succeeded
           ,
           in
           whose
           Reign
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1627.
           was
           that
           unfortunante
           Expedition
           of
           the
           English
           to
           the
           Isle
           of
           Rhee
           ,
           in
           relief
           of
           
           the
           Rochellers
           :
           where
           ,
           the
           French
           taking
           advantage
           ;
           the
           English
           ,
           as
           they
           were
           retreating
           after
           four
           Months
           Continuance
           in
           that
           Island
           ,
           defying
           the
           whole
           strength
           of
           France
           (
           but
           in
           vain
           besieging
           the
           strong
           Citadel
           of
           St.
           Martins
           )
           were
           at
           last
           ventured
           on
           as
           they
           were
           passing
           over
           a
           Cawsey
           to
           their
           Ships
           .
           On
           both
           sides
           this
           way
           there
           were
           Salt-pans
           ,
           the
           way
           it self
           broad
           enough
           but
           for
           four
           Men
           a
           Breast
           ,
           where
           they
           were
           put
           unto
           some
           Confusion
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           many
           perished
           in
           the
           Salt-pans
           ;
           but
           the
           Van
           that
           had
           passed
           resolutely
           returning
           to
           the
           assistance
           of
           those
           Companies
           in
           the
           Reer
           thus
           endangered
           :
           the
           French
           ,
           their
           first
           fury
           being
           over
           ,
           fled
           back
           over
           the
           same
           Cawsey
           with
           more
           Confusion
           than
           the
           English
           were
           driven
           before
           ,
           and
           durst
           never
           attempt
           any
           further
           upon
           them
           ,
           but
           permitted
           them
           ,
           and
           gladly
           too
           ,
           to
           embarque
           ,
           where
           the
           Duke
           of
           Buckingham
           stayed
           eight
           dayes
           ,
           resolving
           to
           do
           something
           more
           if
           the
           supply
           under
           the
           Earl
           of
           Holland
           had
           come
           sooner
           .
           This
           Invasion
           of
           the
           English
           put
           the
           French
           into
           another
           pannick
           Fear
           of
           their
           Victorious
           Armes
           ;
           but
           Providence
           ,
           and
           the
           Policy
           of
           Cardinal
           Richleiu
           secured
           them
           ,
           by
           whose
           Conduct
           the
           Raign
           of
           this
           Prince
           was
           very
           fortunate
           ,
           though
           embroyled
           in
           a
           War
           with
           Spain
           and
           the
           House
           of
           Austria
           ,
           for
           some
           years
           before
           his
           death
           ,
           which
           a
           while
           after
           the
           decease
           of
           the
           said
           Lewis
           14
           ,
           and
           Cardinal
           Richleiu
           ,
           by
           the
           prudence
           of
           Cardinal
           Mazarine
           was
           Concluded
           in
           a
           Peace
           and
           Marriage
           betwixt
           Lewis
           the
           14.
           present
           King
           
           of
           France
           ,
           and
           the
           Infanta
           of
           Spain
           ,
           by
           which
           Treaty
           ,
           France
           gained
           some
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           since
           by
           the
           Surrender
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Lorrain
           ,
           is
           possest
           also
           of
           that
           Soveraignty
           .
           The
           Nobility
           are
           Couragious
           and
           valiant
           ,
           but
           the
           Plebe
           or
           Peasants
           the
           most
           abject
           heart-less
           People
           in
           the
           World
           ;
           the
           Gentry
           also
           of
           a
           like
           temper
           with
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           so
           that
           if
           they
           have
           no
           War
           abroad
           to
           spend
           that
           fury
           ,
           they
           will
           waste
           it
           among
           themselves
           in
           intestine
           troubles
           ,
           as
           long
           Experience
           hath
           demonstrated
           it
           .
        
         
           Spain
           is
           severed
           from
           France
           by
           the
           Pyrenaean
           Mountains
           ,
           on
           all
           other
           sides
           it
           is
           environed
           with
           the
           Sea
           :
           it
           containeth
           at
           this
           day
           divers
           Kingdoms
           ;
           One
           ,
           Goths
           :
           Two
           ,
           Navars
           .
           There
           have
           been
           fourty
           one
           Kings
           :
           The
           Arms
           are
           Gules
           a
           Carbuncle
           nowed
           ,
           Or.
           The
           chief
           Order
           of
           Knighthood
           was
           of
           the
           Lilly
           ,
           their
           Blazon
           a
           pot
           of
           Lillies
           with
           the
           pourtraicture
           of
           the
           Virgin
           ingraven
           upon
           it
           ;
           their
           Duty
           ,
           to
           defend
           the
           Faith
           ,
           and
           daily
           to
           repeat
           certain
           
             Ave
             Maries
          
           :
           Third
           ,
           Biscay
           ,
           and
           Empascon
           ,
           it
           hath
           had
           nineteen
           Lords
           :
           Their
           Arms
           Argent
           ,
           two
           Wolves
           Sable
           ,
           each
           of
           them
           in
           his
           mouth
           a
           Lamb
           of
           the
           second
           .
           Four
           ,
           Leon
           and
           Oviedo
           ,
           hath
           had
           thirty
           Kings
           ;
           The
           Arms
           are
           Argent
           ,
           a
           Lion
           passant
           crowned
           ,
           Or
           ;
           Five
           ,
           Gallicia
           hath
           had
           ten
           Kings
           :
           the
           Arms
           
             Azure
             semee
          
           of
           Cressets
           ficed
           ,
           a
           Chalice
           crowned
           ,
           Or
           ;
           Six
           ,
           Cordu●…a
           hath
           had
           twenty
           Kings
           ;
           the
           Arms
           Or
           ,
           
             a
             Lion
             Gules
          
           armed
           and
           crowned
           ;
           of
           the
           first
           a
           border
           ,
           Azure
           charged
           with
           eight
           Towers
           Argent
           :
           Seven
           ,
           Granado
           hath
           had
           twenty
           
           Kings
           ,
           the
           Arms
           Or
           ,
           a
           Pomgranate
           slipped
           ,
           Vert
           :
           Eight
           ,
           Murcia
           ;
           Nine
           ,
           Toledo
           ,
           hath
           had
           eleven
           Moorish
           Kings
           :
           Ten
           ,
           Castile
           hath
           had
           twenty
           Kings
           ;
           the
           Order
           of
           Mercy
           is
           the
           chief
           Order
           here
           :
           their
           Arms
           are
           a
           Cross
           Argent
           ,
           and
           four
           Beads
           ,
           Gules
           in
           a
           field
           ,
           Or
           ;
           their
           Habit
           white
           :
           the
           rule
           of
           their
           Order
           ,
           that
           of
           St.
           Augustine
           :
           their
           Duty
           was
           to
           redeem
           Christians
           taken
           by
           the
           Turks
           with
           such
           Money
           as
           was
           bestowed
           upon
           them
           :
           Eleven
           ,
           Portugal
           hath
           had
           twenty
           one
           Kings
           ;
           the
           principal
           order
           of
           Knighthood
           here
           ,
           are
           ,
           first
           of
           Avis
           ,
           wearing
           a
           green
           Cross
           ;
           second
           of
           Christ
           ,
           instituted
           one
           thousand
           three
           hundred
           twenty
           one
           :
           their
           Robe
           is
           a
           black
           Cassock
           under
           a
           white
           Surcoat
           ,
           wherewith
           a
           red
           Cross
           stroked
           in
           the
           midst
           with
           a
           white
           line
           :
           their
           duty
           ,
           to
           expel
           the
           Moors
           out
           of
           Boetica
           the
           next
           neighbour
           to
           Portugal
           :
           the
           Arms
           of
           this
           Kingdome
           are
           Argent
           on
           five
           Escouchins
           Azure
           ,
           as
           many
           Besants
           in
           Saltire
           ,
           of
           the
           first
           pointed
           sable
           ,
           within
           a
           border
           Gules
           ,
           charged
           with
           seven
           Towers
           ,
           Or
           :
           Twelve
           ,
           Aragon
           hath
           had
           twenty
           Kings
           :
           the
           Order
           of
           Knighthood
           is
           of
           Mintsea
           ,
           their
           Robe
           a
           red
           Cross
           upon
           their
           breast
           ;
           the
           Arms
           Or
           ,
           four
           
             Pallets
             Gules
          
           :
           All
           these
           ,
           but
           Portugal
           and
           Navar
           ,
           are
           united
           in
           one
           Monarchy
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           :
           their
           Religion
           is
           Popish
           ,
           whereunto
           they
           are
           kept
           by
           the
           violence
           of
           the
           Inquisition
           .
           The
           Land
           yields
           all
           sorts
           of
           Wines
           ,
           Oyles
           ,
           Sugar
           ,
           Grain
           ,
           Mettals
           ,
           as
           Gold
           ,
           and
           Silver
           :
           it
           is
           fertile
           enough
           for
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           whose
           ambitions
           for
           the
           most
           part
           are
           base
           ,
           the
           meanest
           
           proud
           ,
           the
           best
           superstitious
           and
           hypocrites
           ,
           many
           of
           them
           lascivious
           ,
           yet
           good
           Souldiers
           ,
           by
           patience
           in
           enduring
           hunger
           ,
           thirst
           ,
           labour
           .
           The
           King
           is
           not
           rich
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           great
           expences
           to
           keep
           his
           Dominions
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           hath
           eleven
           Arch-bishops
           :
           fifty
           two
           Bishops
           .
        
         
           This
           Kingdome
           of
           Spain
           is
           risen
           to
           this
           grandeur
           and
           united
           strength
           within
           the
           Memory
           of
           our
           Grandfathers
           .
           Ferdinand
           King
           of
           Aragon
           ,
           by
           his
           valour
           in
           vanquishing
           the
           Moors
           ,
           and
           expelling
           them
           out
           of
           Spain
           ,
           and
           his
           prudence
           and
           happiness
           in
           marrying
           with
           the
           Heir
           of
           the
           Kingdome
           of
           Castile
           ,
           made
           it
           of
           many
           one
           entire
           Realm
           .
           The
           wealth
           of
           the
           Indies
           by
           the
           offer
           and
           fortunate
           discovery
           of
           Columbus
           ,
           being
           thrown
           as
           an
           addition
           to
           his
           Felicity
           .
           This
           was
           further
           aggrandized
           and
           increased
           by
           the
           Marriage
           of
           his
           Heir
           Ioan
           to
           the
           House
           of
           Austria
           ,
           who
           by
           a
           late
           Marriage
           with
           the
           Heir
           of
           Burgundy
           ,
           was
           reckoned
           the
           most
           considerable
           Prince
           in
           Europe
           .
           This
           was
           Philip
           ,
           the
           first
           of
           that
           name
           ,
           King
           of
           Castile
           ,
           Son
           to
           Maximilian
           Arch-Duke
           of
           Austria
           ,
           Duke
           of
           Burgundy
           ;
           and
           from
           which
           Marriage
           with
           Ioan
           descended
           Charles
           the
           fifth
           ,
           Emperour
           of
           Germany
           ,
           who
           had
           Issue
           Philip
           the
           second
           ,
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           who
           ,
           by
           pretence
           of
           a
           Right
           by
           his
           Wife
           ,
           and
           by
           Force
           of
           Arms
           ,
           wrested
           Portugal
           from
           the
           right
           Heir
           ,
           the
           House
           of
           Braganza
           ;
           This
           Philip
           long
           Coveted
           an
           universal
           Empire
           ,
           and
           for
           which
           ambition
           many
           thousand
           lives
           ,
           and
           more
           hundred
           thousand
           pounds
           drawn
           from
           his
           inexhaustible
           
           Mines
           have
           been
           expended
           .
           His
           War
           in
           the
           Low-Countries
           〈◊〉
           the
           United
           Provinces
           which
           revolted
           from
           him
           ,
           lasted
           above
           80.
           years
           ,
           during
           which
           time
           He
           had
           several
           ruptures
           ,
           with
           the
           French
           and
           English
           ,
           both
           being
           his
           constant
           Enemy
           all
           Queen
           Elizabeths
           Reign
           .
        
         
           Yet
           since
           the
           Peace
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           ,
           he
           hath
           been
           as
           hard
           put
           to
           it
           as
           before
           ;
           his
           Provinces
           in
           the
           Low-Countries
           much
           harassed
           ,
           and
           his
           Forces
           over-powered
           by
           the
           united
           French
           and
           English
           Forces
           ,
           sent
           by
           
             Oliver
             Cromwell
          
           ,
           to
           attaque
           him
           there
           ,
           while
           a
           Fleet
           was
           sent
           to
           the
           
             West
             Indies
          
           ,
           to
           seize
           his
           Mines
           ,
           that
           his
           Treasure
           ,
           by
           the
           great
           charge
           ,
           difficulty
           ,
           and
           danger
           ,
           in
           bringing
           it
           from
           thence
           ,
           was
           neer
           exhausted
           ;
           so
           that
           a
           Peace
           was
           very
           requisite
           for
           him
           ,
           whereby
           he
           regained
           Catalonia
           ,
           who
           revolted
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1640.
           with
           Portugal
           ,
           and
           hath
           advantage
           of
           employing
           his
           Armies
           solely
           against
           that
           Kingdome
           ;
           but
           it
           is
           not
           to
           be
           doubted
           with
           but
           little
           success
           ,
           so
           that
           he
           will
           be
           constrained
           to
           abandon
           his
           pretences
           ,
           as
           he
           did
           to
           the
           Hollander
           .
           He
           hath
           quitted
           the
           Provinces
           of
           Artois
           and
           Henault
           in
           Flanders
           ,
           and
           the
           County
           of
           〈◊〉
           to
           the
           French
           ,
           as
           Dower
           with
           his
           Daughter
           .
        
         
           England
           together
           with
           Scotland
           ,
           on
           the
           north
           part
           thereof
           ,
           maketh
           the
           greatest
           Island
           of
           Europe
           ,
           and
           the
           richest
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           situated
           in
           a
           very
           temperate
           Soil
           and
           wholesome
           Air
           ,
           and
           exceeding
           fruitful
           in
           Wheat
           and
           other
           grain
           ;
           hath
           many
           pleasant
           Rivers
           ,
           plentifully
           stored
           with
           
           Fish
           ,
           excellent
           Havens
           both
           commodious
           and
           safe
           ,
           Mines
           of
           Silver
           ,
           Lead
           ,
           Iron
           ,
           especially
           of
           fine
           Tinn
           ;
           bearing
           fine
           Wool
           ,
           of
           which
           is
           made
           Cloth
           that
           serves
           not
           onely
           themselves
           ,
           but
           is
           also
           transported
           into
           other
           parts
           :
           their
           chief
           City
           is
           London
           ,
           the
           Inhabitants
           are
           brave
           Warriors
           both
           at
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ,
           and
           many
           of
           them
           learned
           and
           witty
           :
           The
           Orders
           of
           Knighthood
           are
           ,
           of
           St.
           George
           ,
           or
           of
           the
           Garter
           ;
           there
           are
           twenty
           six
           Knights
           of
           it
           ,
           whereof
           the
           King
           of
           England
           is
           the
           Soveraign
           :
           the
           Ensign
           is
           a
           blew
           Garter
           ,
           buckled
           on
           the
           left
           leg
           ,
           on
           which
           these
           words
           are
           embroidered
           ,
           
             Hony
             soit
             qui
             mal
             y
             pense
             :
          
           about
           their
           necks
           they
           wear
           a
           blew
           Ribond
           ,
           at
           the
           end
           of
           which
           hangeth
           the
           Image
           of
           Saint
           George
           ,
           upon
           whose
           day
           the
           Order
           is
           for
           the
           most
           part
           celebrated
           .
           Secondly
           of
           the
           Bath
           ,
           instituted
           one
           thousand
           and
           nine
           .
           They
           use
           to
           be
           created
           at
           the
           Coronation
           of
           Kings
           and
           Queens
           ,
           and
           the
           installing
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Wales
           :
           Their
           duty
           ,
           to
           defend
           true
           Religion
           :
           Widows
           ,
           Maids
           ,
           Orphans
           ,
           and
           to
           maintain
           the
           Kings
           Rights
           :
           the
           Knights
           thereof
           distinguished
           by
           a
           red
           Riband
           ,
           which
           they
           wear
           ordinarily
           about
           their
           necks
           ,
           to
           difference
           them
           from
           Knights
           Batchelours
           ,
           of
           whom
           they
           have
           in
           all
           places
           the
           precedence
           ,
           unless
           they
           be
           also
           the
           Sons
           of
           Noble-men
           ,
           to
           whom
           the
           Birth
           gives
           it
           before
           all
           Orders
           .
           Thirdly
           of
           Baronets
           ,
           an
           hereditary
           Honour
           :
           the
           Armes
           are
           Mars
           ,
           three
           Lions
           passant
           gardant
           Sol.
           
        
         
           This
           Kingdome
           famous
           for
           Warlike
           Exploits
           
           abroad
           (
           there
           being
           no
           Nation
           in
           the
           known
           world
           ,
           but
           where
           their
           dreadful
           Arms
           have
           been
           carried
           ,
           witness
           our
           Holy-Land
           Expeditions
           ,
           our
           Atchivements
           in
           Spain
           ,
           several
           Times
           ;
           our
           Conquests
           in
           France
           ,
           our
           defence
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           our
           Triumphs
           over
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           subduing
           of
           Ireland
           :
           our
           Naval
           Power
           not
           less
           formidable
           ,
           in
           88.
           and
           lately
           with
           the
           stubborn
           Dutch
           ,
           whom
           for
           all
           our
           more
           than
           uncivil
           Broyls
           we
           humbled
           into
           an
           intreaty
           of
           Peace
           ,
           )
           was
           infinitely
           more
           terrible
           to
           it self
           ,
           in
           the
           late
           Convulsion
           and
           Subversion
           of
           the
           Laws
           and
           Government
           by
           a
           fatal
           Quarrel
           of
           the
           Parliament
           with
           the
           King.
           A
           Prince
           no
           doubt
           of
           the
           greatest
           vertues
           ,
           piety
           and
           abilities
           that
           ever
           Swayed
           this
           Scepter
           :
           nor
           could
           the
           Malignity
           of
           our
           Distempers
           have
           seized
           one
           of
           a
           sounder
           Constitution
           ,
           as
           to
           Honour
           ,
           Conscience
           ,
           Clemency
           ,
           Justice
           ,
           or
           what
           ever
           good
           quality
           is
           requisite
           for
           a
           King
           :
           being
           absolutely
           the
           best
           of
           all
           the
           Princes
           that
           ever
           Reigned
           in
           this
           Island
           .
           It
           will
           be
           alike
           grievous
           and
           tedious
           ,
           to
           relate
           the
           Miseries
           of
           this
           unnatural
           War
           ,
           the
           Battels
           ,
           Seiges
           ,
           and
           Surrenders
           that
           happened
           therein
           :
           It
           will
           be
           too
           much
           to
           say
           ,
           that
           after
           a
           bloody
           Contest
           ,
           the
           King
           was
           worsted
           ,
           and
           with
           him
           the
           Laws
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           ,
           by
           his
           own
           rebellious
           and
           traite
           ous
           Subjects
           brought
           to
           a
           new
           unparallel'd
           High
           Court
           of
           Justice
           ,
           and
           by
           Sentence
           thereof
           ,
           beheaded
           before
           his
           own
           Court-Gates
           at
           
             White-Hall
             ,
             Ianuary
          
           30.
           1648.
           
        
         
           By
           the
           perpetration
           of
           this
           Murder
           ,
           and
           by
           a
           
           thing
           called
           an
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           Monarchy
           seemed
           to
           be
           actually
           dissolved
           ,
           it
           being
           made
           Treason
           to
           Proclaim
           the
           Prince
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Person
           ,
           King
           or
           Queen
           of
           England
           .
           All
           Empires
           have
           their
           certain
           periods
           and
           measures
           of
           Time
           ,
           at
           the
           Expiration
           whereof
           ,
           they
           tast
           of
           that
           Vicissitude
           and
           Change
           to
           which
           all
           other
           sublunary
           things
           are
           more
           frequently
           subject
           .
           This
           Monarchy
           had
           ●…asted
           ,
           without
           any
           great
           alteration
           ,
           in
           a
           direct
           Line
           (
           the
           Name
           only
           changed
           from
           Plantagenes
           ,
           which
           begun
           in
           Henry
           the
           second
           (
           who
           restored
           the
           Saxon
           Line
           ,
           to
           T●…wdor
           ,
           in
           the
           Person
           of
           Henry
           the
           seventh
           )
           (
           who
           united
           the
           two
           Houses
           of
           York
           and
           Lancaster
           )
           after
           to
           Stuart
           ,
           in
           the
           Person
           of
           King
           Iames
           ,
           who
           united
           the
           two
           Kingdomes
           of
           England
           and
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           continuing
           ,
           and
           long
           may
           it
           ,
           in
           our
           present
           Soveraign
           )
           six
           hundred
           years
           and
           upwards
           ,
           till
           this
           fatal
           Revolution
           was
           come
           when
           we
           were
           under
           an
           Anarchy
           ,
           no
           Government
           at
           all
           in
           reality
           .
           There
           are
           reckoned
           ,
           during
           this
           interregnum
           ,
           no
           less
           then
           seventeen
           Forms
           of
           Authority
           we
           were
           under
           ,
           in
           the
           space
           of
           eleven
           years
           ,
           betwixt
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           Protector
           ,
           and
           Army
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1651
           ,
           our
           present
           Soveraign
           ,
           to
           regain
           his
           Right
           ,
           entered
           England
           from
           Scotland
           ,
           (
           where
           Cromwell
           had
           p
           evailed
           ,
           and
           very
           like
           to
           carry
           all
           before
           him
           )
           and
           got
           a
           start
           of
           three
           dayes
           march
           ,
           and
           came
           to
           Worcester
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           not
           long
           after
           defeated
           ,
           but
           most
           miraculously
           escaped
           into
           France
           ,
           where
           Divine
           Providence
           
           preserved
           him
           safe
           ,
           and
           after
           many
           strange
           over-turnings
           ;
           (
           after
           we
           had
           been
           ridden
           by
           a
           Rump
           of
           a
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           tyrannised
           over
           in
           our
           Lives
           and
           Estates
           by
           the
           Protector
           
             Oliver
             Cromwell
          
           ,
           (
           who
           by
           wicked
           means
           had
           scrued
           himself
           into
           the
           Supreme
           Power
           ,
           )
           and
           wearied
           with
           the
           lording
           Insolencies
           of
           an
           Army
           )
           by
           the
           Conduct
           of
           General
           Monk
           ,
           returned
           him
           in
           Honour
           and
           safety
           to
           his
           Kingdomes
           ,
           and
           his
           Kingdomes
           to
           Peace
           and
           Prosperity
           on
           his
           most
           happy
           Birth-day
           ,
           May
           29.
           1660.
           since
           which
           His
           Majesty
           is
           most
           happily
           Married
           to
           the
           Infanta
           of
           Portugal
           ,
           and
           such
           an
           alliance
           made
           ,
           as
           will
           be
           most
           beneficial
           to
           the
           Trade
           ,
           and
           consequently
           promote
           the
           Glory
           of
           these
           Nations
           .
        
         
           Scotland
           ,
           invironed
           with
           the
           Sea
           ,
           except
           on
           the
           south
           side
           ,
           where
           it
           bordereth
           with
           England
           ,
           is
           not
           so
           fruitful
           ,
           yet
           hath
           of
           all
           things
           enough
           to
           fustain
           it self
           ;
           the
           head-City
           ,
           is
           
             Edenborough
             .
             Scotland
          
           giveth
           many
           sorts
           of
           course
           Woollen
           ,
           Cloth
           ,
           Wool
           ,
           Mault
           ,
           Hides
           ,
           Fish.
           The
           principal
           Order
           of
           Knighthood
           here
           ,
           is
           that
           of
           St.
           Andrew
           .
           The
           Knights
           did
           wear
           about
           their
           necks
           a
           Collar
           interlaced
           with
           Thistles
           ,
           with
           the
           picture
           of
           St.
           Andrew
           appendent
           to
           it
           .
           The
           Motto
           is
           ,
        
         
           
             Nemo
             me
             impune
             lacesset
          
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           of
           
             Nova
             Scotia
          
           ,
           ordained
           by
           King
           Iames
           ,
           one
           thousand
           six
           hundred
           twenty
           two
           ,
           hereditary
           ;
           but
           the
           Knights
           thereof
           distinguished
           by
           a
           Riband
           of
           Orange
           Tawney
           :
           the
           Arms
           of
           the
           Kingdome
           are
           Sol
           ,
           a
           Lion
           Rampant
           ,
           Mars
           
           within
           a
           double
           Tressure
           counter-flowered
           .
        
         
           Little
           can
           be
           said
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           because
           its
           story
           is
           all
           one
           with
           England
           ,
           as
           to
           latter
           Times
           .
           But
           be
           it
           remembred
           ,
           that
           soon
           after
           the
           union
           of
           the
           two
           Kingdoms
           was
           dissolved
           by
           dividing
           the
           Head
           thereof
           by
           the
           hand
           of
           Violence
           ,
           that
           Realm
           was
           totally
           Conquered
           by
           the
           English
           ,
           which
           all
           the
           English
           Prowess
           and
           valour
           of
           our
           Ancestors
           could
           never
           effect
           .
           This
           was
           atcheived
           by
           the
           incomparable
           Felicity
           and
           conduct
           of
           the
           thrice
           renowned
           General
           Monck
           ,
           who
           in
           1653.
           marched
           over
           Hills
           ,
           Rocks
           ,
           and
           Praecipices
           ,
           into
           the
           furthest
           Northern
           parts
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           there
           forced
           General
           Middleton
           to
           fight
           ,
           where
           the
           said
           Middleton
           was
           overthrown
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           Countrey
           thereupon
           submitted
           to
           the
           Conquerour
           .
        
         
           Ireland
           is
           full
           of
           brooks
           ,
           marshes
           ,
           waters
           and
           woods
           ,
           hath
           good
           pasture
           ,
           and
           abundance
           of
           tame
           and
           wilde
           beasts
           ,
           but
           little
           grain
           :
           the
           Inhabitants
           are
           rude
           and
           wilde
           People
           ,
           yet
           through
           the
           conversation
           and
           Government
           of
           the
           English
           are
           daily
           more
           and
           more
           brought
           to
           Civility
           ;
           the
           air
           here
           is
           very
           temperate
           ,
           cooler
           in
           Summer
           and
           warmer
           in
           Winter
           than
           in
           England
           :
           the
           Arms
           of
           Ireland
           are
           Azure
           ,
           an
           Harp
           Or
           ,
           stringed
           Argent
           .
        
         
           This
           Kingdom
           was
           never
           in
           a
           better
           constitution
           of
           Government
           as
           to
           appearance
           ,
           than
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           our
           Troubles
           in
           1639.
           by
           the
           prudent
           steerage
           of
           the
           Earl
           of
           Strafford
           Deputy
           thereof
           ,
           but
           in
           1640.
           the
           23.
           of
           October
           ,
           
           such
           a
           sudden
           and
           bloody
           Rebellion
           broke
           out
           ,
           that
           from
           that
           day
           to
           the
           25.
           of
           March
           1641.
           but
           five
           months
           ,
           there
           are
           reckoned
           150000.
           
           Protestants
           slain
           and
           murthered
           by
           the
           Catholick
           confederate
           Rebels
           .
           After
           many
           Combats
           and
           change
           of
           Fortune
           and
           Governors
           in
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           it
           was
           by
           Ireton
           ,
           Cromwel's
           Son
           in
           Law
           ,
           totally
           reduced
           ,
           and
           the
           prime
           ringleaders
           of
           the
           Rebellion
           (
           with
           Sir
           
             Phelim
             O
             Neale
          
           of
           the
           Family
           of
           Tyrone
           ,
           their
           Generalissimo
           )
           deservedly
           executed
           .
        
         
           The
           Isles
           belonging
           to
           Great
           Brittain
           are
           the
           Surlings
           or
           
             Scillies
             ,
             Garnesey
             ,
             Iarsey
             ,
             Wight
             ,
             Anglesey
             ,
             Man
             ,
             Hebrides
             ,
             〈◊〉
             ,
          
           and
           many
           others
           .
           All
           which
           three
           Kingdoms
           and
           Islands
           aforesaid
           ,
           make
           up
           one
           Realm
           ,
           restored
           to
           the
           Government
           of
           his
           most
           Sacred
           Majesty
           Char●…es
           the
           second
           ,
           whom
           God
           long
           preserve
           .
           Their
           Religion
           is
           Protestant
           ,
           their
           Church
           Government
           by
           Gods
           mercy
           ,
           again
           Episcopal
           .
        
         
           The
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           contain
           seventeen
           Provinces
           ,
           the
           Dukedoms
           of
           
             Erabant
             ,
             Guelderland
             ,
             Lymburge
          
           ,
           and
           Luxenburge●…
           ,
           the
           Counties
           of
           
             Flanders
             ,
             Artois
             ,
             Utrecht
             ,
             Henault
             ,
             Holland
             ,
             Zeland
             ,
             N●…men
             ,
             Zutfen
             ,
          
           the
           Marquisate
           of
           the
           
             Holy
             Empire
          
           ,
           the
           Lordships
           of
           
             Freezland
             ,
             Mechlen
             ,
             Overysel
          
           and
           Graving
           ;
           All
           which
           are
           Lands
           above
           measure
           well
           tilled
           and
           inhabited
           ,
           conta●…ning
           two
           hundred
           and
           eight
           Cities
           ,
           fortified
           with
           Walls
           and
           Ditches
           ,
           and
           about
           six
           thousand
           three
           hundred
           Villages
           ,
           with
           Parish-Churches
           ,
           beside
           ▪
           
           the
           Castles
           ,
           Forts
           ,
           and
           Noble-Mens
           Houses
           ,
           which
           are
           almost
           infinite
           in
           number
           .
           This
           Land
           is
           watered
           with
           many
           excellent
           Rivers
           ,
           as
           the
           Rhine
           ,
           the
           Mose
           ,
           the
           Mard
           ,
           the
           Scheld
           ,
           and
           others
           .
           It
           hath
           also
           many
           commodious
           Sea-Havens
           ,
           abounding
           in
           Ships
           ,
           and
           very
           skilful
           and
           expert
           Mariners
           and
           Pilots
           ,
           as
           by
           their
           Navigations
           may
           appear
           ,
           whereby
           they
           have
           compassed
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           the
           whole
           World.
           The
           Inhabitants
           are
           also
           very
           valiant
           ,
           and
           notable
           Warriours
           ,
           as
           well
           by
           Sea
           as
           by
           Land
           ,
           as
           their
           Enemies
           themselves
           will
           witness
           .
           They
           are
           excellently
           well
           skilled
           in
           all
           cunning
           and
           handy-crafts
           .
           Many
           attribute
           unto
           them
           the
           Invention
           of
           the
           Sea-Compass
           ,
           as
           also
           the
           Needle
           ,
           and
           laudable
           Art
           of
           Printing
           Books
           :
           they
           send
           abroad
           into
           other
           parts
           all
           sorts
           of
           Linnen
           and
           Woollen
           Cloth
           ;
           Camerick
           ,
           Pasement-lace
           ,
           of
           Gold
           ,
           Silver
           and
           Silk
           ,
           Taffata
           ,
           Wrought
           Velvet
           ,
           Grograms
           ,
           Sayes
           ,
           whole
           and
           half
           Velvet
           Bags
           ,
           Silk
           Laces
           ,
           Say
           ,
           and
           Li●…en
           .
        
         
           All
           manner
           of
           twined
           Thred
           ,
           wrought
           Silk
           ,
           refined
           Sugar
           ,
           prepared
           Buff
           ,
           and
           Ox-hides
           ,
           as
           also
           Spanish
           Leather
           ;
           Pictures
           ,
           Books
           ,
           Cables
           ,
           Ropes
           ,
           and
           other
           Ship-furniture
           ;
           Cards
           ,
           Pins
           ,
           and
           all
           kind
           of
           Mercery
           ;
           dried
           and
           salt
           Fishes
           ,
           Herrings
           ,
           Butter
           ,
           Cheese
           ,
           and
           Bisket
           ;
           the
           People
           are
           of
           the
           Reformed
           Religion
           ,
           except
           the
           Spanish
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           they
           are
           Papists
           ;
           they
           suffer
           any
           Religion
           among
           them
           :
           the
           principal
           Order
           of
           Knighthood
           ordained
           by
           these
           Princes
           ,
           is
           that
           of
           the
           
           Golden
           Fleece
           ,
           instituted
           one
           thousand
           four
           hundred
           thirty
           nine
           ;
           ordained
           ,
           as
           some●…
           conceive
           ,
           from
           Gideons
           Fleece
           :
           Their
           Habit
           is
           ,
           a
           Collar
           of
           Gold
           interlaced
           with
           Iron
           ,
           seeming
           to
           strike
           fire
           out
           of
           a
           Flint
           ,
           Or
           ;
           
             Ex
             ferro
             flammam
          
           being
           the
           word
           ,
           at
           the
           end
           whereof
           hung
           the
           Foison'd
           Or
           ,
           or
           a
           Fleece
           of
           Gold
           ;
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           may
           now
           make
           as
           many
           of
           them
           as
           he
           please
           .
           There
           are
           in
           these
           parts
           three
           Arch-bishops
           ,
           fifteen
           Bishops
           .
        
         
           These
           Provinces
           have
           been
           Governed
           by
           several
           distinct
           Soveraigns
           ,
           as
           the
           Dukes
           of
           Brabant
           and
           Guelderland
           ,
           Earls
           of
           
             Flanders
             ,
             Holland
             ,
             Henault
          
           and
           Zeland
           ,
           &c.
           
           All
           which
           by
           several
           Marriages
           of
           the
           Co-heirs
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           Issue-male
           ,
           at
           last
           devolved
           the
           entire
           Soveraignty
           into
           the
           House
           and
           Family
           of
           the
           Dukes
           of
           Burgundy
           ,
           the
           Male-line
           whereof
           expiring
           ,
           the
           Heir
           General
           Married
           with
           Maximilian
           Arch-Duke
           of
           Austria
           ,
           in
           the
           time
           of
           H.
           7.
           and
           conveyed
           these
           seventeen
           Provinces
           to
           her
           Son
           Philip
           the
           1
           of
           Spain
           ,
           by
           Marriage
           with
           Ioan
           ,
           Daughter
           and
           Heir
           of
           Castile
           and
           Arr●…gon
           ,
           in
           whose
           Posterity
           they
           continue
           ;
           the
           Emperour
           Charles
           the
           fifth
           ,
           in
           his
           division
           of
           his
           Estates
           ,
           leaving
           these
           to
           his
           Son
           Philip
           the
           second
           ,
           who
           by
           the
           Tyranny
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           A●…va
           ,
           and
           the
           Establishing
           the
           Inquisition
           ,
           and
           a
           bloody
           Council
           ,
           like
           our
           High
           Courts
           of
           Justice
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           Fundamental
           Laws
           of
           those
           People
           ,
           so
           alienated
           the
           Affection
           of
           those
           Provinces
           ,
           that
           they
           (
           the
           
           most
           of
           them
           )
           revolted
           ,
           and
           being
           Headed
           and
           led
           by
           William
           Prince
           of
           Aurange
           Count
           of
           Nass●…n
           ,
           and
           a
           Feudatory
           Subject
           of
           Burgundy
           ,
           shook
           off
           the
           yoke
           of
           Spain
           ,
           and
           declared
           themselves
           a
           Free
           Estate
           ;
           for
           that
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           had
           forfeited
           his
           Right
           ,
           Title
           and
           Authority
           over
           them
           .
        
         
           The
           Wars
           thereupon
           are
           so
           famous
           both
           for
           the
           length
           ,
           vigourousness
           ,
           and
           policy
           thereof
           ,
           both
           in
           Battels
           and
           Seiges
           ,
           it
           becoming
           a
           Trade
           in
           which
           most
           of
           the
           young
           Gallants
           of
           all
           Nations
           were
           bred
           ,
           and
           also
           for
           the
           renown
           of
           those
           Captains
           Generals
           on
           both
           sides
           ,
           such
           as
           Prince
           William
           (
           assissinated
           by
           a
           B●…rgundian
           )
           Prince
           Maurice
           and
           Prince
           Frederick
           Grandfather
           to
           this
           prince
           of
           Aurange
           on
           the
           Estates
           side
           (
           who
           were
           mainly
           supported
           by
           the
           English
           ,
           and
           by
           their
           blood
           raised
           to
           this
           Grandeur
           ,
           and
           partly
           also
           by
           the
           
             French
             ;
          
           )
           and
           Alexander
           prince
           of
           Parma
           ,
           natural
           Son
           to
           Charles
           the
           fifth
           ,
           and
           the
           Marquiss
           of
           Spinola
           ,
           on
           the
           King
           of
           Spains
           ;
           who
           by
           more
           moderation
           and
           Arms
           regained
           some
           provinces
           of
           the
           Defection
           :
           but
           seven
           of
           them
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           
             Holland
             ,
             Zeland
          
           ,
           and
           ●…trecht
           ;
           and
           Overysel
           ,
           part
           of
           Brabant
           ,
           and
           most
           part
           of
           Guelderland
           ,
           and
           Zutfen
           could
           never
           be
           reduced
           ,
           but
           after
           a
           War
           of
           80.
           years
           ,
           he
           was
           constrained
           to
           acknowledge
           them
           a
           Free
           State
           or
           Commonwealth
           ,
           now
           Governed
           in
           Common
           by
           the
           States
           General
           ,
           and
           in
           particular
           ,
           by
           the
           Estates
           of
           each
           individual
           Province
           .
        
         
         
           This
           peace
           was
           concluded
           on
           at
           Munster
           in
           1647.
           to
           the
           great
           content
           of
           the
           Spaniard
           ,
           who
           was
           embroiled
           in
           a
           fierce
           War
           against
           the
           French
           ,
           who
           therefore
           mightily
           obstructed
           the
           proceeding
           thereof
           ;
           but
           after
           this
           calm
           there
           arose
           such
           a
           Tempest
           at
           Sea
           ,
           that
           had
           neer
           sunk
           them
           to
           their
           former
           condition
           of
           the
           distressed
           Estates
           ;
           by
           a
           difference
           between
           the
           up-start
           Common-wealth
           of
           England
           and
           them
           ,
           concerning
           Traffique
           and
           Soveraignty
           of
           the
           Sea.
           The
           usurping
           Protector
           after
           six
           terrible
           Naval
           Fights
           ,
           to
           secure
           his
           invasion
           of
           the
           Government
           granted
           them
           peace
           in
           1653.
           which
           hath
           been
           better
           confirmed
           by
           our
           Soveraign
           Charles
           the
           second
           since
           his
           Restitution
           ,
           of
           which
           they
           seemed
           to
           be
           as
           exceedingly
           and
           pompously
           (
           during
           his
           stay
           in
           their
           countrey
           just
           before
           his
           happy
           return
           )
           as
           concernedly
           joyous
           .
           Of
           the
           ten
           other
           provinces
           belonging
           to
           the
           Spaniard
           ,
           two
           of
           them
           Artois
           and
           Henault
           ,
           are
           conveyed
           and
           transferred
           to
           the
           French
           ,
           in
           portion
           for
           the
           late
           Marriage
           :
           and
           a
           part
           of
           West-Flanders
           ,
           in
           which
           is
           seated
           that
           memorable
           and
           well
           fortified
           Port
           of
           Dunkirke
           ,
           at
           present
           acknowledgeth
           the
           Dominion
           of
           the
           Crown
           of
           England
           ,
           being
           put
           into
           English
           Hands
           during
           the
           Usurpation
           in
           1658.
           after
           the
           joynt
           Conquest
           of
           it
           by
           their
           ,
           and
           the
           French
           Forces
           the
           same
           year
           .
        
         
           Germany
           is
           one
           of
           the
           greatest
           Provinces
           in
           Europe
           ,
           (
           and
           is
           in
           the
           midst
           thereof
           )
           bounded
           
           on
           the
           East
           with
           Hungaria
           and
           Polonia
           ;
           on
           the
           South
           with
           Italy
           and
           Bolonia
           ;
           on
           the
           West
           with
           France
           ;
           and
           on
           the
           North
           with
           the
           North-Sea
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           Sea
           called
           
             Mare
             Balticum
          
           .
           In
           the
           midst
           whereof
           lieth
           Bohemia
           ,
           wherein
           stands
           Prague
           ,
           where
           the
           Emperour
           commonly
           keeps
           his
           Court
           :
           It
           is
           adorned
           with
           magnificent
           Towers
           ,
           well
           fortified
           ,
           and
           furnished
           with
           such
           a
           number
           of
           Castles
           ,
           and
           Villages
           ,
           such
           abundance
           of
           People
           ,
           and
           with
           such
           Politique
           Government
           ,
           that
           she
           may
           compare
           with
           any
           .
           The
           Soil
           is
           fruitful
           both
           in
           Corn
           and
           Wine
           ;
           it
           hath
           many
           Navigable
           Rivers
           ,
           stored
           with
           plenty
           of
           Fishes
           ,
           most
           excellent
           Fountains
           ,
           and
           hot
           Bathes
           ,
           Mines
           of
           Gold
           ,
           Silver
           ,
           Tin
           ,
           Copper
           ,
           Lead
           ,
           and
           Iron
           ;
           it
           hath
           very
           Learned
           Men
           ,
           skilful
           in
           all
           Sciences
           and
           Mechanick
           Arts
           :
           The
           Religion
           is
           here
           very
           diverse
           :
           for
           there
           being
           many
           free
           Provinces
           ,
           some
           are
           Papists
           ,
           some
           Protestants
           ;
           and
           of
           these
           again
           ,
           some
           Calvinists
           ,
           some
           Lutherans
           :
           There
           are
           six
           Arch-Bishops
           ,
           and
           thirty
           four
           Bishops
           .
        
         
           The
           Wars
           of
           Germany
           ,
           ushered
           in
           by
           the
           Comet
           or
           Blazing-Star
           in
           1618
           ,
           have
           had
           dire
           and
           prodigious
           effects
           ;
           first
           the
           Prince
           Elector
           Palatine
           undertaking
           the
           Crown
           of
           Bohemia
           ,
           was
           worsted
           at
           Prague
           ;
           and
           the
           King
           of
           Denmark
           seconding
           him
           ,
           was
           likewise
           brought
           very
           low
           by
           Count
           Tilly
           the
           Emperour's
           General
           ,
           and
           glad
           to
           accept
           of
           a
           Peace
           upon
           hard
           terms
           ;
           when
           in
           1629
           enters
           
             Gust●…vus
             Adolphus
          
           the
           King
           of
           Sweden
           ,
           whose
           victorious
           Armes
           conquered
           
           Tilly
           at
           the
           Battel
           of
           Leipsick
           ,
           and
           presently
           over-run
           all
           Germany
           ,
           defeated
           the
           Emperours
           next
           General
           Wallestein
           Duke
           of
           Freidland
           at
           Lutzen
           ,
           where
           ,
           notwithstanding
           he
           was
           killed
           ,
           his
           Army
           had
           the
           Day
           ;
           of
           whom
           it
           was
           said
           ,
           that
           
             Before
             Death
             ,
             in
             Death
             ,
             and
             after
             Death
             he
             was
             victorious
             .
          
           At
           the
           Battel
           of
           Nordling●…in
           the
           Fortune
           of
           the
           Swedes
           failed
           ,
           a
           great
           slaughter
           being
           made
           on
           them
           by
           the
           Imperial
           Army
           ,
           and
           so
           a
           Peace
           was
           afterwards
           patched
           ,
           and
           again
           interrupted
           ,
           till
           the
           solemn
           and
           general
           Pacification
           at
           Munster
           ;
           since
           which
           time
           ,
           the
           Princes
           and
           People
           have
           been
           in
           quiet
           .
           The
           Prince
           Elector
           Palatine
           losing
           the
           one
           half
           of
           his
           Estate
           ,
           as
           forfeited
           to
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           who
           hath
           invested
           the
           Duke
           of
           Bavaria
           ,
           the
           Electors
           neerest
           kinsman
           ,
           in
           the
           upper
           Palatinate
           .
        
         
           Denmark
           and
           Norway
           are
           very
           great
           Regions
           ,
           bordering
           southward
           upon
           Germany
           ;
           they
           extend
           toward
           the
           north
           to
           seventy
           one
           degrees
           and
           thirty
           minutes
           ,
           north
           Latitude
           ;
           towards
           the
           east
           they
           border
           upon
           Sweden
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           west
           and
           north-side
           they
           are
           invironed
           with
           the
           Sea
           ;
           they
           at
           this
           time
           are
           under
           the
           Government
           of
           one
           King
           ,
           who
           is
           Lord
           of
           
             Seland
             ,
             Greenland
             ,
             Hitland
          
           and
           Gothland
           .
           These
           Kingdomes
           afford
           unto
           other
           Lands
           Oxen
           ,
           Barley
           ,
           Mault
           ,
           Stock-fish
           ,
           Tallow
           ,
           Sand
           ,
           Nuts
           ,
           Hides
           ,
           Goat-skins
           ,
           Masts
           ,
           Deals
           ,
           Oaken-boards
           ,
           Wood
           to
           burn
           ,
           Pitch
           ,
           Tarr
           ,
           Brimstone
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           :
           their
           Religion
           is
           the
           Lutherans
           .
        
         
         
           The
           chief
           Order
           of
           Knighthood
           in
           it
           is
           that
           of
           the
           Elephant
           ,
           their
           Badge
           a
           Collar
           powdered
           with
           Elephants
           ,
           towered
           ,
           supporting
           the
           Kings
           Arms
           ,
           and
           having
           at
           the
           end
           the
           Picture
           of
           the
           Virgin
           Mary
           .
           The
           Arms
           of
           the
           Land
           are
           ,
           Quarterly
           Of
           ,
           three
           Lions
           passant
           ,
           Vert
           ,
           crowned
           ,
           of
           the
           first
           ,
           for
           the
           Kingdome
           of
           Denmark
           ,
           and
           two
           Gules
           ,
           a
           Lion
           rampant
           ;
           Or
           ,
           crowned
           and
           armed
           ,
           of
           the
           first
           in
           the
           Paws
           ,
           a
           
             Dansk
             hatchet
          
           ;
           Argent
           ,
           for
           the
           Kingdome
           of
           Norway
           ;
           there
           are
           two
           Arch-Bishops
           ,
           thirteen
           Bishops
           .
        
         
           This
           King
           is
           allyed
           to
           the
           Crown
           of
           England
           ;
           Queen
           Ann
           ,
           Wife
           to
           King
           Iames
           ,
           being
           Aunt
           to
           this
           present
           King
           Frederick
           .
           Twice
           in
           twenty
           years
           (
           not
           to
           mention
           other
           Wars
           before
           )
           hath
           this
           Crown
           been
           endangered
           by
           the
           Swedes
           ,
           but
           more
           neerly
           in
           1657
           ,
           and
           8
           ,
           when
           the
           King
           of
           
             Sweden
             ,
             Carolus
             Gustavus
          
           being
           drawn
           out
           of
           Poland
           to
           prevent
           the
           Dane
           ,
           then
           in
           Arms
           against
           him
           ,
           with
           strange
           success
           almost
           over-run
           his
           Countrey
           .
           In
           a
           most
           hard
           Winter
           ,
           he
           passed
           his
           Arms
           and
           Canon
           over
           the
           Sea
           ,
           from
           the
           Continent
           unto
           the
           Island
           of
           Funen
           ,
           where
           he
           overthrew
           the
           Dane
           ,
           took
           Cronenburg
           Castle
           ,
           which
           Commanded
           the
           Sound
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           laid
           Seige
           to
           Copenhaguen
           ,
           the
           chief
           City
           of
           Denmark
           ,
           where
           ,
           attempting
           a
           Storm
           by
           night
           ,
           he
           was
           repulsed
           ,
           with
           the
           loss
           of
           three
           thousand
           Men
           ;
           and
           ,
           soon
           after
           ,
           the
           Hollanders
           ,
           with
           a
           Fleet
           ,
           in
           spight
           of
           his
           Navy
           ,
           and
           the
           said
           Castle
           ,
           entered
           ,
           and
           relieved
           the
           Town
           ;
           with
           Conceit
           
           whereof
           ,
           and
           a
           violent
           Feaver
           ,
           the
           said
           King
           not
           long
           after
           deceased
           :
           and
           the
           Danes
           ,
           in
           gratitude
           and
           Honour
           of
           their
           King
           Frederick
           ,
           who
           had
           so
           bravely
           defended
           and
           stood
           by
           them
           ,
           consented
           to
           make
           that
           Kingdome
           hereditary
           ,
           (
           as
           now
           it
           is
           established
           ,
           all
           the
           Estates
           having
           done
           Homage
           )
           which
           before
           was
           onely
           Elective
           :
           the
           Family
           of
           this
           King
           afore
           ,
           injoying
           onely
           the
           Crown
           of
           Norway
           by
           descent
           and
           inheritance
           .
           This
           Prince
           suffered
           much
           ;
           for
           ,
           siding
           with
           the
           Dutch
           against
           the
           English
           ,
           in
           the
           late
           difference
           ,
           seizing
           there
           twenty
           of
           our
           Merchant-men
           ,
           on
           pretence
           of
           his
           Aunts
           Dower
           ,
           but
           was
           forced
           at
           last
           to
           make
           recompense
           for
           the
           dammages
           ,
           which
           the
           Dutch
           undertook
           for
           him
           .
        
         
           Sweden
           is
           a
           great
           and
           mighty
           Kingdome
           ,
           bordering
           on
           the
           East
           upon
           Muscovia
           ,
           on
           the
           south
           upon
           the
           Baltick
           Sea
           and
           Denmark
           ;
           on
           the
           West
           upon
           Norway
           :
           and
           on
           the
           North
           upon
           the
           Finmark
           and
           the
           Zurick
           Sea.
           The
           Merchandises
           it
           selleth
           are
           Copper
           ,
           Iron
           ,
           Lead
           ,
           costly
           Furrs
           ,
           Buff
           ,
           and
           Ox-hides
           ,
           Goat-skins
           ,
           Tallow
           ,
           Pitch
           ,
           Barley
           ,
           Mault
           ,
           Hazel-nuts
           ,
           and
           such
           like
           things
           :
           their
           Religion
           is
           Lutheran
           .
           the
           Arms
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           Azure
           ,
           three
           Crowns
           ,
           Or
           :
           It
           hath
           two
           Arch-Bishops
           ,
           eight
           Bishops
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           a
           wonder
           ,
           and
           Men
           can
           scarce
           comprehend
           ,
           how
           this
           Nation
           is
           come
           to
           this
           greatness
           ,
           to
           make
           War
           in
           so
           many
           parts
           of
           Europe
           ,
           being
           to
           pass
           over
           the
           Sea
           :
           or
           how
           they
           get
           so
           many
           Men
           in
           Arms
           ,
           the
           Dominions
           thereof
           
           being
           large
           ,
           but
           not
           populous
           ,
           so
           that
           there
           never
           came
           from
           thence
           ,
           sixty
           thousand
           Men.
           It
           was
           reported
           that
           many
           Women
           in
           Mens
           clothes
           supplyed
           their
           places
           ,
           and
           fought
           like
           Amazons
           .
           The
           beginning
           of
           this
           upstart
           greatness
           ,
           was
           from
           Charles
           Duke
           of
           Sunderman
           ,
           who
           being
           Uncle
           to
           Sigismond
           ,
           King
           of
           Sweden
           by
           Descent
           ,
           and
           of
           Poland
           by
           Election
           ,
           upon
           his
           seating
           himself
           in
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           constituting
           his
           Uncle
           Vice-Roy
           of
           his
           Native
           Kingdome
           of
           Sweden
           ;
           he
           ,
           with
           the
           consent
           of
           the
           Senators
           ,
           assumes
           the
           Crown
           ,
           and
           maintaines
           it
           against
           his
           Nephew
           ;
           whereupon
           ensued
           divers
           Battels
           ,
           the
           Usurper
           wafting
           over
           his
           Swedes
           into
           Poland
           ,
           and
           beginning
           an
           offensive
           War
           :
           when
           he
           dying
           ,
           his
           Son
           ,
           the
           Great
           Gustavus
           ,
           prosecuted
           it
           afresh
           ,
           till
           after
           various
           Successes
           a
           Truce
           was
           concluded
           on
           ;
           before
           the
           expiration
           of
           which
           ,
           he
           fell
           with
           that
           strange
           success
           into
           Germany
           before
           said
           .
           After
           his
           death
           ,
           his
           Daughter
           Christina
           was
           Crowned
           ,
           and
           Reigned
           seventeen
           years
           ,
           when
           another
           occasion
           of
           War
           hapning
           ,
           they
           judging
           her
           not
           capable
           to
           mannage
           it
           ,
           procured
           her
           to
           renounce
           her
           right
           to
           the
           Crown
           ,
           and
           resign
           it
           to
           her
           kinsman
           
             Carolus
             Gustavus
          
           ,
           who
           with
           a
           powerfull
           Army
           invaded
           Poland
           ,
           prompted
           thereunto
           by
           Cardinal
           Mazarine
           ,
           and
           the
           Usurping
           Protector
           of
           England
           ,
           who
           by
           an
           Ambassador
           Mr.
           Whitlock
           ,
           projected
           that
           Invasion
           ,
           to
           keep
           the
           Arms
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Austria
           in
           suspence
           and
           attendance
           of
           the
           issue
           of
           that
           War
           ,
           which
           
           were
           raised
           to
           the
           assistance
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           then
           in
           War
           with
           both
           French
           and
           
             English.
             Carolus
             Gustavus
          
           dying
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           the
           Crown
           is
           placed
           on
           the
           head
           of
           his
           Son
           Charles
           ,
           (
           a
           Child
           of
           five
           years
           old
           ,
           )
           by
           his
           Wife
           ,
           the
           Daughter
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Holsteyn
           :
           Of
           their
           late
           Conquests
           ,
           within
           these
           fourty
           years
           ,
           there
           remains
           to
           that
           Crown
           ,
           all
           Pomerania
           ,
           and
           the
           Arch-Bishoprick
           of
           Br●…men
           in
           Germany
           ,
           besides
           other
           less
           Provinces
           gained
           from
           the
           Dane
           ,
           and
           several
           Islands
           in
           the
           Baloick
           Sea
           ;
           with
           Riga
           ,
           the
           chief
           City
           of
           Liefland
           ,
           a
           wealthy
           Maritine
           City
           ,
           being
           seated
           as
           the
           Grand
           Emporium
           of
           the
           more
           remote
           North-east
           Countreys
           ,
           as
           Russia
           ,
           &c.
           and
           was
           the
           onely
           Port
           of
           Trade
           thither
           ,
           before
           the
           passage
           about
           the
           North-Cape
           to
           Arch-Angel
           was
           found
           out
           .
           The
           Swede
           (
           a
           miracle
           )
           is
           now
           in
           full
           peace
           with
           all
           his
           Neighbours
           ;
           but
           no
           doubt
           according
           to
           Custome
           ,
           is
           contriving
           another
           Invasion
           upon
           some
           of
           his
           Neighbours
           .
        
         
           Russia
           is
           the
           last
           Region
           towards
           the
           East
           in
           Europe
           ,
           a
           good
           part
           of
           it
           is
           Asia
           ,
           it
           is
           bo●…ded
           on
           the
           North
           with
           the
           Frozen
           Sea
           ,
           on
           the
           East
           with
           Tartaria
           ,
           on
           the
           West
           it
           borders
           upon
           Livonia
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           Realm
           of
           Sweden
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           South
           with
           the
           Sea
           called
           
             Mare
             C●…spium
          
           ;
           the
           greatest
           part
           is
           extreme
           cold
           ,
           but
           for
           the
           help
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           Nature
           hath
           stored
           it
           with
           Furs
           ,
           Sables
           ,
           white
           Fox
           ,
           Martins
           ,
           and
           other
           commodities
           ,
           as
           Cattel
           ,
           Corn
           ,
           and
           Fruit
           :
           the
           whole
           Region
           is
           subject
           to
           the
           Emperour
           
           of
           Russia
           ,
           a
           wast
           tract
           ,
           and
           as
           wilde
           a
           Government
           .
        
         
           The
           people
           are
           base
           ,
           ignorant
           ,
           and
           contentious
           ,
           and
           foolishly
           superstitious
           ;
           after
           the
           Greek
           Church
           ,
           they
           deny
           the
           proceeding
           of
           the
           holy
           Ghost
           ,
           they
           bury
           their
           dead
           upright
           ,
           with
           many
           other
           Ceremonies
           :
           Muscovia
           is
           the
           Seat
           of
           the
           Empire
           .
           The
           Countrey
           affords
           very
           good
           flax
           ,
           and
           hoops
           to
           make
           casks
           ,
           and
           ropes
           ,
           and
           store
           of
           hides
           as
           well
           of
           Oxen
           as
           of
           Elks
           ,
           much
           salt-fish
           ,
           and
           whales
           grease
           ;
           the
           Arms
           are
           Sable
           ,
           a
           partel
           open
           of
           two
           leases
           and
           as
           many
           degrees
           ,
           Or.
           Here
           is
           one
           Patriarch
           ,
           two
           Arch-Bishops
           ,
           eighteen
           Bishops
           .
        
         
           The
           Emperour
           hereof
           is
           the
           onely
           Tyrant
           for
           Government
           ,
           in
           Europe
           ,
           and
           the
           people
           more
           absolute
           slaves
           than
           in
           Turkey
           ,
           which
           makes
           them
           though
           perpetually
           in
           War
           with
           the
           Tartars
           ,
           and
           every
           other
           year
           with
           the
           Polanders
           ,
           no
           better
           Souldiers
           ;
           Slavery
           begetting
           in
           them
           mean
           and
           abject
           Spirits
           ,
           so
           that
           of
           many
           years
           they
           have
           effected
           nothing
           considerable
           ,
           save
           the
           taking
           in
           of
           the
           City
           and
           Dutchy
           of
           Smolensko
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1654.
           taken
           from
           them
           thirty
           years
           before
           ;
           where
           upon
           their
           besieging
           of
           it
           with
           an
           Army
           of
           an
           hundred
           thousand
           men
           ,
           they
           were
           besieged
           themselves
           with
           an
           Army
           of
           Poles
           ,
           not
           above
           ten
           thousand
           in
           the
           open
           fields
           ,
           and
           were
           forced
           upon
           hard
           conditions
           to
           render
           themselves
           ;
           for
           which
           the
           Russian
           General
           nd
           his
           Son
           ,
           lost
           their
           heads
           at
           their
           return
           to
           
           Musco
           ,
           They
           attempted
           Riga
           also
           ,
           in
           1657.
           from
           the
           Swedes
           ,
           but
           even
           as
           the
           place
           was
           by
           Famine
           and
           Scarcity
           of
           men
           ready
           to
           Capitulate
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           in
           dispair
           ,
           broke
           up
           his
           Siege
           ,
           and
           departed
           .
           A
           peace
           is
           now
           concluded
           this
           year
           1662.
           at
           Stockholm
           ,
           by
           the
           Russian
           Ambassadours
           sent
           thither
           in
           most
           solemn
           manner
           :
           But
           the
           Poles
           and
           they
           ,
           are
           still
           at
           War
           with
           mutual
           success
           ;
           some
           fifty
           years
           ago
           ,
           the
           Pole
           (
           in
           behalf
           of
           Demetrius
           a
           counterfeit
           Emperour
           )
           made
           an
           in-road
           into
           Russia
           ,
           of
           above
           1200.
           miles
           length
           ,
           and
           was
           possest
           of
           the
           City
           of
           Musco
           ,
           which
           by
           the
           valour
           and
           Conduct
           of
           one
           Collonel
           Hamilton
           a
           Scot
           ,
           was
           rescued
           ,
           and
           the
           Poles
           glad
           to
           depart
           ,
           whose
           reward
           (
           of
           the
           greatness
           whereof
           he
           was
           so
           confident
           ,
           as
           that
           to
           make
           himself
           capable
           thereof
           ,
           he
           turned
           Russian
           and
           renounced
           his
           Religion
           ,
           )
           was
           but
           neglect
           ,
           and
           jealous
           distrust
           of
           his
           abilities
           .
           This
           Emperour
           is
           likewise
           forced
           to
           keep
           a
           constant
           Army
           of
           fifty
           thousand
           men
           ,
           to
           attend
           the
           Tartars
           and
           Cossacks
           bordering
           upon
           his
           Kingdom
           of
           Astracan
           ,
           who
           every
           year
           invade
           him
           ,
           and
           make
           incursions
           some
           hundreds
           of
           miles
           ,
           when
           in
           their
           return
           with
           their
           spoil
           and
           booty
           the
           Russian
           either
           way-lays
           or
           overtakes
           him
           ,
           and
           gives
           Battel
           .
           If
           the
           Russian
           prevail
           ,
           he
           enters
           their
           Countrey
           and
           makes
           havock
           ,
           with
           Fire
           and
           Sword
           ;
           if
           not
           ,
           the
           Tartar
           keeping
           what
           he
           has
           plundered
           ,
           is
           content
           to
           leave
           his
           victory
           and
           return
           home
           .
           Nevertheless
           every
           year
           Ambassadors
           ,
           
           some
           hundred
           in
           number
           ,
           come
           to
           Musco
           ;
           but
           their
           main
           design
           is
           ,
           to
           get
           Presents
           of
           Silken
           Vests
           and
           Rayments
           ,
           they
           look
           ,
           and
           are
           sure
           to
           receive
           from
           the
           Emperour
           .
        
         
           The
           Predecessor
           of
           this
           Emperour
           shewed
           himself
           very
           affectionately
           respectful
           to
           our
           Soveraign
           ,
           and
           regardful
           of
           his
           Cause
           ,
           when
           ,
           upon
           the
           murder
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           he
           presently
           seized
           all
           the
           Estates
           of
           the
           English
           ,
           and
           would
           have
           sold
           them
           ,
           and
           delivered
           the
           product
           thereof
           to
           my
           Lord
           Wentworth
           ,
           then
           Ambassador
           from
           His
           Majesty
           ,
           and
           for
           his
           use
           ,
           if
           he
           had
           not
           wholly
           refused
           it
           ,
           telling
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           They
           were
           his
           Masters
           Subjects
           ,
           whom
           he
           ought
           rather
           to
           protect
           ,
           than
           to
           spoil
           ,
           for
           the
           Rebellion
           of
           other
           People
           in
           England
           :
           whereupon
           the
           Emperour
           lent
           a
           sum
           of
           Money
           freely
           himself
           ,
           with
           promise
           of
           further
           assistance
           ,
           but
           would
           by
           no
           means
           grant
           the
           English
           their
           Priviledges
           ,
           of
           being
           Custome-free
           ,
           till
           His
           Majesties
           Restitution
           .
           This
           Great
           Duke
           lives
           in
           great
           State
           and
           Splendor
           ,
           in
           a
           most
           ample
           and
           Magnificent
           Pallace
           and
           Castle
           at
           Musco
           City
           ,
           which
           is
           now
           half
           built
           from
           Timber
           with
           Brick-Houses
           ;
           the
           Fire
           ,
           when
           it
           happened
           before
           ,
           usually
           burning
           down
           a
           third
           part
           thereof
           ,
           the
           flame
           running
           three
           or
           four
           miles
           in
           an
           instant
           .
           He
           is
           also
           very
           wealthy
           (
           all
           his
           Subjects
           riches
           being
           his
           own
           when
           he
           pleaseth
           )
           and
           therefore
           very
           potent
           .
           The
           Patriarch
           now
           governeth
           Him
           and
           his
           Empire
           ,
           being
           the
           Chief
           Minister
           ,
           or
           Commander
           of
           
           State.
           The
           Emperours
           Name
           is
           
             Alexei
             Michalowich
          
           .
        
         
           Poland
           is
           bounded
           on
           the
           south
           with
           Moldavia
           ,
           and
           Hungary
           ,
           on
           the
           east
           with
           Muscovia
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           
             Tartaries
             Praecopenses
          
           ,
           on
           the
           west
           with
           Germany
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           north
           with
           the
           Baltick
           Sea.
           Their
           Religion
           is
           partly
           with
           the
           Greek
           Church
           ,
           partly
           with
           the
           Roman
           :
           and
           so
           there
           are
           here
           of
           the
           Romish
           Church
           three
           Arch-bishops
           ,
           and
           ninteen
           Bishops
           ;
           and
           of
           the
           Greek
           Church
           two
           Archbishops
           and
           six
           Bishops
           :
           The
           Arms
           are
           one
           Gem
           ,
           and
           Eagle
           ,
           an
           Ass
           Argent
           Crowned
           and
           Nowed
           Or
           ,
           for
           the
           Region
           of
           Polonia
           :
           and
           two
           Gules
           ,
           a
           Chevaleir
           armed
           
             Cap
             a●…pe
          
           advancing
           his
           sword
           Argent
           mounted
           upon
           a
           barbed
           Courserof
           the
           second
           ,
           for
           the
           Dukedom
           of
           Lituania
           :
           the
           commodities
           sent
           hence
           ,
           are
           ,
           Spruce
           or
           Dantz
           Beer
           ,
           Amber
           ,
           Wheat
           ,
           Rye
           ,
           and
           other
           grain
           ;
           Honey
           ,
           Wax
           ,
           Hemp
           ,
           Flax
           ,
           Pitch
           and
           Tarr
           :
           it
           hath
           also
           Mines
           of
           Copper
           and
           Iron
           .
        
         
           This
           Kingdom
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           great
           Dutchy
           of
           Lituania
           is
           elective
           ,
           and
           hath
           had
           Kings
           often
           from
           their
           Neighbour
           Nations
           ,
           such
           is
           the
           aemulation
           among
           the
           chief
           Nobility
           :
           They
           have
           of
           late
           years
           been
           addicted
           to
           the
           French
           ,
           and
           now
           to
           the
           Duke
           of
           Anguien
           Son
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           ,
           supposed
           to
           succeed
           King
           Casimir
           .
           It
           is
           reckoned
           one
           of
           the
           Bulwarks
           of
           Christendom
           ,
           to
           the
           east
           ,
           against
           the
           Turk
           and
           Tartar
           ;
           but
           hath
           been
           lately
           miserably
           harrassed
           by
           the
           
           Swede
           and
           Transylvanian
           ,
           who
           came
           to
           his
           assistance
           under
           Ragotzki
           .
           It
           proved
           luckily
           for
           this
           People
           ,
           that
           the
           King
           of
           Denmark
           quarrell'd
           with
           the
           Swede
           ,
           and
           raising
           a
           formidable
           Army
           ,
           drew
           him
           to
           defend
           his
           own
           Countrey
           out
           of
           the
           Bowels
           of
           Poland
           ,
           and
           made
           him
           leave
           his
           design
           of
           Conquest
           thereof
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           promised
           to
           himself
           .
           The
           Marquiss
           of
           Brandenburgh
           assisted
           him
           in
           the
           beginning
           ,
           but
           seeing
           his
           unreasonable
           Encroachments
           ,
           and
           the
           injustice
           of
           his
           Arms
           ,
           which
           he
           might
           afterwards
           upon
           the
           same
           pretences
           use
           against
           his
           Dominions
           ,
           forsook
           his
           side
           ,
           and
           turned
           enemy
           ,
           a
           practise
           used
           to
           the
           Swedes
           by
           the
           German
           Princes
           before
           :
           for
           just
           so
           the
           Elector
           ,
           Duke
           of
           Saxony
           ,
           served
           them
           in
           the
           German
           War.
           This
           lost
           the
           Swede
           all
           he
           had
           got
           ,
           save
           his
           plunder
           ,
           who
           by
           a
           Peace
           now
           resigned
           the
           Dutchies
           of
           Prussia
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           Garrisoned
           and
           possessed
           ,
           and
           took
           a
           sum
           of
           Money
           in
           lieu
           thereof
           ;
           like
           a
           cunning
           Merchant
           ,
           as
           my
           Lord
           Bacon
           observes
           in
           Hen.
           7.
           that
           gets
           by
           importing
           and
           exporting
           of
           Merchandize
           ,
           such
           indeed
           is
           War
           to
           the
           Swede
           .
           But
           the
           Duke
           of
           Brandenburgh
           is
           invested
           and
           possessed
           of
           the
           Ducal
           Prussia
           :
           seldome
           is
           it
           also
           ,
           that
           the
           Poles
           are
           without
           War
           ,
           either
           at
           home
           or
           abroad
           ;
           abroad
           now
           with
           the
           Muscovite
           :
           at
           home
           a
           difference
           betwixt
           the
           Senators
           and
           the
           Confederate
           Army
           ,
           which
           threatens
           some
           danger
           ,
           if
           not
           timely
           composed
           by
           the
           Prudence
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           who
           is
           a
           most
           Excellent
           Prince
           ,
           and
           a●…isted
           by
           very
           able
           Noblemen
           ,
           
           such
           as
           is
           the
           Renouned
           old
           General
           Czarnecki
           ,
           he
           who
           hath
           so
           often
           defeated
           th●…
           Muscovites
           and
           Tartars
           ,
           and
           once
           overcame
           the
           Swedes
           ,
           whose
           Prince
           
             Adolph
             Iohn
          
           was
           wounded
           by
           Sandomiria
           ,
           in
           1657.
           
           They
           are
           a
           very
           warlike
           people
           ,
           and
           the
           bravest
           enemy
           both
           for
           gallantry
           ,
           in
           mind
           and
           body
           in
           the
           world
           ,
           carrying
           most
           of
           their
           wealth
           with
           them
           into
           the
           field
           .
           Their
           arms
           ,
           and
           horse-furnitures
           glittering
           with
           gold
           and
           silver
           .
           They
           serve
           most
           on
           Horseback
           ,
           the
           Gentry
           mounting
           their
           Tenants
           ,
           and
           Servants
           ,
           and
           charge
           furiously
           with
           Lances
           ,
           and
           then
           expertly
           manage
           a
           Shabel
           or
           Scymiter
           :
           they
           have
           this
           year
           had
           two
           victories
           against
           the
           Muscovites
           .
           They
           have
           been
           often
           vexed
           with
           the
           Cossacks
           ,
           a
           People
           (
           bordering
           upon
           the
           black
           Sea
           ,
           where
           they
           annoy
           the
           Turk
           )
           mercenary
           and
           stipendiary
           to
           this
           Crown
           ,
           who
           under
           〈◊〉
           their
           Generall
           ,
           often
           combated
           them
           ,
           but
           are
           now
           in
           a
           better
           understanding
           and
           good
           complyance
           by
           a
           late
           Treaty
           .
           The
           Tartars
           are
           as
           well
           disposed
           to
           be
           quiet
           ,
           so
           that
           at
           present
           Poland
           seems
           likely
           to
           enjoy
           some
           respite
           ,
           and
           draw
           breath
           after
           so
           many
           Con●…ulsions
           ,
           and
           Concussions
           of
           its
           State
           and
           Government
           .
        
         
           Hungary
           is
           bounded
           on
           the
           south
           with
           Bosnia
           and
           Croatia
           ,
           on
           the
           west
           with
           Germany
           ,
           on
           the
           east
           with
           
             Transylvania
             ,
             Moldavia
          
           ,
           and
           Walachia
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           north
           with
           Polonia
           :
           A
           great
           and
           mighty
           Kingdome
           and
           exceeding
           fruitful
           ,
           it
           hath
           many
           
           Navigable
           Rivers
           ,
           wherein
           are
           multitudes
           of
           Fish.
           
        
         
           The
           People
           are
           strong
           ,
           and
           shew
           their
           antiquity
           to
           be
           of
           the
           Scythians
           ,
           by
           their
           neglect
           of
           Learning
           ,
           and
           barbarous
           manners
           ;
           their
           Sons
           equally
           inherit
           without
           priviledge
           of
           Birth-right
           ;
           their
           Daughters
           Portion
           is
           onely
           a
           new
           attire
           .
           The
           German
           Emperour
           and
           the
           Turk
           share
           it
           between
           them
           ;
           the
           Commodities
           that
           go
           from
           thence
           are
           ,
           divers
           sorts
           of
           colours
           ,
           wheat
           ,
           beef
           ,
           salt
           ,
           wine
           ,
           and
           river-fish
           salted
           :
           the
           A●…ms
           are
           bar-wise
           of
           eight
           pieces
           ,
           Gules
           and
           Argent
           :
           there
           are
           here
           two
           Arch-bishops
           ,
           thirteen
           Bishops
           .
        
         
           This
           Kingdom
           of
           Hungary
           was
           anciently
           that
           Fortress
           against
           the
           Turks
           ,
           which
           now
           Poland
           is
           ,
           several
           of
           its
           Kings
           being
           slain
           in
           the
           fields
           thereof
           ,
           in
           battel
           against
           them
           ,
           so
           very
           remarkable
           is
           that
           War
           maintained
           by
           them
           throughout
           all
           the
           Turkish
           History
           .
           This
           Crown
           was
           devolved
           at
           last
           to
           Maximilian
           as
           Hereditary
           to
           the
           House
           of
           Austria
           ,
           who
           a
           long
           while
           also
           grapled
           against
           the
           same
           power
           ,
           to
           a
           greater
           expence
           of
           men
           and
           money
           than
           the
           Title
           ,
           Revenue
           ,
           and
           Possessions
           were
           worth
           ;
           and
           could
           not
           expel
           nor
           drive
           them
           out
           ,
           being
           put
           to
           it
           to
           defend
           his
           own
           ;
           
             Sultan
             Solyman
          
           ,
           in
           the
           raign
           of
           H.
           8.
           carrying
           his
           Army
           to
           the
           Walls
           of
           Vienna
           the
           Emperours
           Imperial
           City
           in
           Austria
           .
           The
           Emperours
           chief
           City
           ,
           and
           assembly
           of
           the
           States
           is
           Presburgh
           ,
           where
           the
           King
           
           his
           Son
           is
           usually
           Crowned
           .
           The
           grand
           Siegnieurs
           is
           Buda
           upon
           the
           River
           Danubius
           ,
           Governed
           by
           one
           of
           his
           Principal
           Bashaws
           .
           The
           Hungarians
           have
           enjoyed
           a
           long
           ,
           though
           narrow
           peace
           ,
           some
           part
           thereof
           being
           disquietted
           by
           the
           troubled
           affairs
           of
           their
           Neighbours
           ,
           such
           as
           are
           the
           Wayvods
           of
           Moldavia
           ,
           and
           Walachia
           (
           who
           are
           tributary
           Princes
           to
           the
           
             Grand
             Signiour
          
           ,
           and
           are
           invested
           by
           him
           ,
           who
           not
           seldome
           revolt
           ,
           and
           as
           often
           pay
           the
           price
           of
           it
           with
           their
           heads
           )
           and
           lately
           ,
           and
           at
           this
           time
           ,
           the
           Princes
           of
           Transylvania
           ,
           Of
           which
           next
           .
        
         
           Transylvania
           ,
           a
           Principallity
           ,
           is
           bounded
           on
           the
           north
           with
           Poland
           ,
           on
           the
           east
           with
           Servia
           and
           Bulgaria
           ,
           on
           the
           west
           with
           Hungary
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           east
           with
           Moldavia
           and
           Walachia
           ,
           two
           other
           small
           Principallities
           ,
           Tributaries
           and
           Vassals
           to
           the
           Turks
           .
           This
           Country
           of
           Transylvania
           is
           notable
           for
           good
           Warriours
           ,
           being
           beholding
           for
           their
           stoutness
           to
           the
           strength
           of
           their
           Countrey
           ,
           which
           ,
           toward
           the
           south-east
           ,
           is
           surrounded
           with
           Mountains
           .
           For
           these
           four
           last
           years
           it
           hath
           been
           the
           Seat
           of
           a
           cruel
           War
           ;
           for
           ,
           the
           King
           of
           Sweden
           having
           invited
           Prince
           Ragotzki
           to
           the
           spoyles
           of
           Poland
           in
           1657.
           
           The
           Pole
           complained
           of
           this
           Invasion
           to
           the
           
             Grand
             Seigniour
          
           ,
           who
           commanded
           Ragotzki
           to
           withdraw
           ,
           and
           withal
           sent
           an
           Army
           to
           depose
           him
           for
           presuming
           against
           his
           leave
           and
           permission
           to
           engage
           against
           the
           
             Pole.
             Ragotzki
          
           defended
           ●…mself
           a
           while
           ,
           but
           ,
           being
           over-toyled
           ,
           and
           spent
           
           with
           care
           and
           hard
           service
           against
           so
           potent
           an
           Enemie
           ,
           dyed
           .
           Whereupon
           the
           States
           chose
           one
           
             Remini
             Ianosch
          
           to
           be
           their
           Prince
           ,
           whom
           the
           Turks
           likewise
           rejecting
           the
           States
           stood
           by
           him
           ,
           against
           Prince
           
             Michael
             Abassi
          
           ,
           invested
           by
           the
           
             Grand
             Signiour
          
           .
           After
           severall
           encounters
           ;
           and
           the
           loss
           of
           
             Waradin
             ,
             Remini
          
           was
           taken
           and
           strangled
           ,
           and
           his
           head
           and
           quarters
           set
           upon
           the
           Gates
           of
           one
           of
           the
           chief
           Cities
           .
           
             Michael
             Abassi
          
           is
           now
           in
           authority
           ,
           and
           the
           Country
           subdued
           ,
           which
           makes
           the
           Emperour
           fear
           an
           invasion
           of
           the
           Turks
           in
           Hungary
           and
           his
           hereditary
           Countryes
           ,
           wherefore
           he
           is
           now
           in
           Treaty
           with
           those
           Infidel
           .
        
         
           Sclavonia
           hath
           on
           the
           South
           the
           Adriatick
           Sea
           ;
           on
           the
           west
           ,
           part
           of
           
             Italy
             ;
             Greece
          
           on
           the
           southeast
           ,
           and
           Hungary
           on
           the
           north
           ;
           part
           of
           it
           belongs
           to
           the
           Turk
           ,
           some
           to
           the
           Venetian
           Estate
           ,
           some
           to
           the
           Hungarians
           ,
           and
           some
           to
           the
           Austrians
           :
           The
           arms
           ,
           Argent
           ,
           a
           Cardinals
           Hat
           ,
           the
           strings
           meeting
           in
           bsae
           Gules
           perpendant
           and
           placed
           in
           a
           true
           lovers
           knot
           ;
           there
           are
           four
           Arch-Bishops
           ,
           twenty
           six
           Bishops
           .
        
         
           In
           a
           part
           of
           this
           Country
           called
           then
           Epirus
           ,
           but
           losing
           now
           its
           name
           with
           its
           Liberty
           under
           the
           Turkish
           Yoke
           ,
           was
           born
           that
           famous
           Warriour
           Scanderb●…g
           the
           Scourge
           of
           the
           Turks
           ,
           whose
           bones
           ,
           he
           being
           dead
           ,
           the
           Turks
           ,
           long
           time
           after
           ,
           took
           out
           of
           his
           grave
           ,
           and
           made
           them
           Meddals
           and
           Rings
           therewith
           ;
           there
           are
           few
           of
           this
           whole
           Nation
           left
           that
           have
           any
           spark
           of
           
           their
           Ancestors
           Spirit
           or
           valour
           against
           their
           Tyrannical
           Masters
           ,
           but
           onely
           a
           People
           called
           the
           Morlacks
           ,
           who
           valiantly
           side
           with
           the
           Venetians
           ,
           and
           are
           a
           great
           assistance
           to
           them
           in
           keeping
           that
           footing
           they
           have
           in
           Dalmatia
           :
           The
           rest
           are
           buried
           im
           their
           slavery
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           heaviness
           of
           their
           Fetters
           are
           so
           benummed
           ,
           that
           they
           stir
           not
           a
           hand
           ,
           either
           in
           holding
           it
           up
           to
           Heaven
           ,
           or
           in
           putting
           it
           out
           to
           the
           aid
           of
           others
           ,
           who
           would
           endeavour
           their
           redemption
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           Country
           may
           better
           be
           called
           Slavonia
           .
        
         
           Greece
           ,
           once
           a
           Mother
           of
           Learning
           and
           Arts
           ,
           now
           the
           Den
           of
           the
           Turkish
           Empire
           ,
           who
           hath
           its
           abode
           at
           Constantinople
           :
           it
           is
           bounded
           on
           the
           west
           with
           the
           Adriatick
           Sea
           ,
           on
           the
           north
           with
           the
           Mountain
           Hemus
           ,
           on
           the
           south
           with
           the
           the
           Mediterranean
           Sea
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           east
           
             Egypt
             ,
             Hellespont
             ,
             Propontis
          
           .
           The
           commodities
           brought
           from
           hence
           are
           ,
           Gold
           ,
           Silver
           ,
           Copper
           ,
           divers
           Colours
           ,
           Wines
           ,
           and
           Velvets
           ,
           Damask
           ,
           and
           Turkish
           Grogram
           ;
           Their
           Religion
           hath
           in
           it
           some
           substantial
           error
           ,
           as
           that
           they
           deny
           that
           the
           Holy
           Ghost
           proceedeth
           from
           the
           Father
           and
           the
           Son
           ,
           they
           hold
           also
           baptism
           of
           Fire
           to
           be
           necessary
           ,
           yet
           they
           resist
           the
           authority
           of
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Rome
           .
        
         
           This
           Greece
           that
           once
           had
           the
           Empire
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           the
           great
           Mistress
           of
           Arts
           and
           Arms
           is
           degenerated
           into
           the
           like
           base
           servility
           of
           minde
           with
           their
           neighbours
           of
           Sclavonia
           .
           Here
           also
           the
           Gospel
           shone
           in
           its
           first
           purity
           ,
           the
           seven
           
           Candlesticks
           being
           placed
           here
           ,
           as
           we
           read
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Revelations
           ;
           and
           now
           is
           universally
           over-spread
           with
           the
           thick
           darkness
           of
           Mahometisme
           .
           Nothing
           left
           to
           comfort
           them
           in
           their
           Condition
           ,
           but
           their
           Vines
           ,
           and
           the
           Proverb
           ,
           
             The
             Merry
             Greeks
          
           :
           that
           arose
           from
           the
           wretchless
           stupidity
           and
           carelessness
           of
           their
           Condition
           ,
           which
           they
           know
           no
           better
           to
           put
           out
           of
           their
           mind
           than
           by
           making
           themselves
           Beasts
           ;
           metamorphosing
           themselves
           from
           Slavery
           ,
           into
           Brutality
           :
           nor
           are
           they
           falsly
           taxed
           with
           Bestiality
           ,
           that
           crying
           sin
           of
           Sodomy
           .
           So
           that
           there
           is
           little
           hope
           left
           ,
           of
           their
           recovering
           their
           liberty
           ,
           who
           are
           fettered
           in
           the
           chaius
           of
           such
           abominable
           impieties
           .
        
         
           And
           thus
           now
           have
           I
           finished
           Europe
           ,
           the
           first
           Part
           of
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           
           
             The
             Names
             of
             the
             greatest
             ,
             and
             most
             Famous
             Cities
             and
             Rivers
             in
             Europe
             .
          
           
             IN
             Italy
             the
             Cities
             of
             
               Genoa
               ,
               Milan
               ,
               Venice
               ,
               Florence
               ,
               Rome
               ,
               Bologne
               ,
            
             and
             Naples
             :
             the
             Rivers
             most
             famous
             ,
             are
             ,
             
               Arnus
               ,
               Tibur
            
             ,
             and
             Po.
             
          
           
             The
             Cities
             in
             France
             that
             are
             most
             famous
             ,
             are
             ,
             
               Amiens
               ,
               Roven
               ,
               Paris
               ,
               Troyes
               ,
               Nanles
               ,
               Orleans
               ,
               Diion
               ,
               Lyons
               ,
               Burdeoux
               ,
               Toulose
               ,
               Mars●…illes
               ,
               Grenoble
               ,
               Auvergne
               :
            
             the
             Rivers
             that
             are
             most
             remarkable
             ,
             are
             the
             Loyre
             ,
             the
             Garone
             ,
             the
             Rhone
             ,
             the
             Seyne
             .
          
           
             The
             Cities
             in
             Spain
             that
             do
             most
             prefer
             themselves
             to
             observation
             ,
             are
             ,
             
               Toledo
               ,
               Madrid
               ,
               Leon
               ,
               Pampelune
               ,
               Bilbo
               ,
               Priede
               ,
            
             Saint
             Iames
             of
             
               Compostella
               ,
               Lisbone
               ,
               Fax
               ,
               Siville
               ,
               Grenade
               ,
               Mursy
               ,
               Sarragosa
               ,
               Barcelona
               ,
            
             and
             Valentia
             :
             the
             Rivers
             there
             most
             famous
             ,
             are
             ,
             the
             Dower
             ,
             the
             River
             of
             Tagus
             ,
             the
             Gadian
             ,
             and
             the
             Guadelguiner
             .
          
           
             The
             Cities
             in
             England
             that
             be
             most
             famous
             ,
             are
             ,
             
               London
               ,
               York
               ,
               Bristol
            
             :
             the
             Rivers
             most
             famous
             ,
             are
             ,
             the
             Thames
             ,
             the
             Severn
             ,
             the
             River
             of
             Humber
             ,
             and
             the
             Ouze
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Cities
             in
             Scotland
             most
             famous
             ,
             are
             
               Edinborough
               ,
               Sterlin
               ,
               Aberden
            
             ,
             and
             Saint
             Andrews
             :
             the
             most
             famous
             River
             is
             the
             River
             of
             Tay.
             
          
           
             The
             most
             famous
             City
             in
             Ireland
             is
             Dublin
             ,
             and
             the
             greatest
             River
             ,
             is
             the
             River
             of
             Shannon
             .
          
           
             The
             chiefest
             Cities
             in
             the
             Netherlands
             belonging
             to
             the
             Catholicks
             ,
             are
             
               Metz
               ,
               Besancon
               ,
               Cambeyr
               ,
               Antwerp
            
             ;
             the
             chief
             City
             belonging
             to
             the
             united
             States
             ,
             is
             Amsterdam
             :
             the
             two
             most
             famous
             Rivers
             are
             the
             River
             of
             Scheld
             ,
             and
             the
             River
             Mosa
             .
          
           
             The
             most
             famous
             Cities
             in
             Germany
             ,
             are
             
               Strasb●…rough
               ,
               Colen
               ,
               Munster
               ,
               Norimberg
               ,
               Ausburgh
               ,
               Nuremberg
               ,
               Vienna
               ,
               Prague
               ,
               Dresden
               ,
               Berlin
               ,
               Stetin
               ,
            
             and
             Lubeck
             ;
             the
             chiefest
             Rivers
             are
             the
             Rhine
             ,
             the
             Weser
             ,
             the
             Elbe
             ,
             the
             Odor
             ,
             and
             the
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             The
             most
             famous
             Cities
             in
             Denmark
             are
             Coppenhague
             ,
             and
             Trondon
             ;
             the
             chiefest
             River
             is
             the
             Wezer
             .
          
           
             The
             chiefest
             Cities
             in
             Swedeland
             are
             
               Calmer
               ,
               Stockholm
               ,
               Ab●…
            
             ,
             and
             Riga
             ,
             the
             last
             whereof
             is
             in
             Livonia
             ,
             but
             now
             in
             the
             possession
             of
             the
             King
             of
             Sweden
             ;
             the
             most
             famous
             River
             ,
             is
             the
             River
             of
             Torn
             .
          
           
             The
             chiefest
             Cities
             of
             Russia
             ,
             are
             
               Muscow
               ,
               Woldimar
            
             ,
             Saint
             Michael
             the
             
               Arch-Angel
               ,
               Cazan
            
             ,
             and
             Astracan
             ;
             the
             most
             famous
             Rivers
             are
             the
             Dwine
             ,
             the
             Volga
             ,
             the
             Don
             ,
             or
             Tana
             .
          
           
             The
             most
             famous
             Cities
             in
             Poland
             are
             ,
             
               Cracovia
               ,
               Warsovia
               ,
               Dantzick
               ,
               Vilna
               ,
               Di●…n
               ,
               〈◊〉
               ,
            
             and
             Smolensc●…
             ,
             which
             is
             part
             of
             Muscovy
             ,
             and
             now
             
             again
             in
             the
             possession
             of
             the
             Great
             Duke
             :
             the
             chiefest
             Rivers
             in
             Poland
             are
             the
             Vistu●…a
             ,
             or
             Weisser
             ,
             the
             Nieper
             ,
             the
             Duna
             ,
             or
             the
             Niester
             ,
             and
             the
             Boresthenes
             .
          
           
             The
             chiefest
             Cities
             in
             
               Hungary
               ,
               Transylvania
               ,
               Valachia
               ,
               Moldavia
               ,
            
             and
             little
             Tartary
             ,
             are
             
               Buda
               Presborough
               ,
               Hermonstade
               ,
               Tergovius
               ,
               Czucham
               ,
            
             or
             
               Sozow
               ,
               Craffa
            
             ,
             and
             Burgos
             :
             the
             chiefest
             Rivers
             are
             the
             Drin
             ,
             the
             River
             of
             Oxfeus
             ,
             or
             A●…feus
             ,
             the
             Rivers
             of
             Peneus
             ,
             the
             Vardax
             ,
             the
             Marize
             ,
             and
             the
             Danubius
             .
          
           
             The
             chief
             Cities
             of
             Transylvania
             ,
             are
             
               Weysenlurg
               ,
               Clausenburg
            
             ,
             and
             Waradin
             .
          
           
             The
             most
             famous
             Cities
             in
             Dacia
             ,
             are
             Trieste
             ,
             and
             Pedena
             .
          
           
             The
             most
             famous
             Cities
             in
             Bohemia
             ,
             are
             
               Prague
               ,
               Cuttenburgh
               ,
               Pilzen
            
             ,
             and
             Budrozis
          
           
             The
             most
             famous
             Cities
             at
             this
             time
             in
             
               Greece
               ,
               Buda
               ,
               Salonique
               ,
               Andrianopolis
               ,
               Scutary
               ,
               Durazzo
               ,
               La
               Valone
               ,
               L
               Armire
               ,
               Prevezza
               ,
               Larta
               ,
               Lepanto
               ,
               Setino
            
             or
             
               Athens
               ,
               Stines
            
             or
             
               Thebes
               ,
               Corinth
               ,
               Patras
               ,
               Misira
            
             or
             Lacedemonia
             ,
             which
             are
             all
             now
             in
             the
             possession
             of
             the
             Turks
             .
          
           
             The
             most
             famous
             Cities
             in
             Bosnia
             ,
             are
             
               Iucyza
               ,
               Bagnalour
               ,
               Fruansaray
            
             :
             in
             Croatia
             is
             the
             famous
             City
             of
             Whitz
             .
          
           
             The
             chiefest
             Cities
             in
             Sclavonia
             ,
             are
             
               Nona
               ,
               Zara
               ,
               Nonigrad
               ,
               Tinu
               ,
               Sebenico
               ,
            
             St.
             
               Nicolo
               ;
               Trau
               ,
               Spalato
               ,
               Salon●…
               ,
               〈◊〉
               ,
               Starigrad
               ,
               Vesiechio
               ,
               Catara
               ,
               Buda
               ,
            
             and
             Dolcigno
             .
          
           
             The
             most
             famous
             City
             in
             Walachia
             is
             called
             
             Tergovis
             :
             and
             in
             
               Moldavia
               ,
               Zaczow
            
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             Land
             of
             Sicily
             ,
             there
             are
             the
             famous
             Cities
             of
             Messina
             ,
             and
             Palermo
             :
             in
             the
             Island
             of
             Sardinia
             ,
             the
             City
             of
             Calari
             :
             and
             in
             Corsica
             ,
             the
             City
             Bastic
             .
          
           
             The
             renowned
             Cities
             in
             Romania
             ,
             are
             ,
             Constantinople
             ,
             and
             Adrianopolis
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Asia
             .
          
           
             ASia
             is
             now
             the
             second
             part
             of
             the
             World
             separated
             from
             Europe
             by
             the
             floods
             ,
             Tanais
             and
             Duina
             ,
             and
             from
             Africa
             ,
             by
             the
             narrow
             part
             of
             
               Lod
               de
               lakis
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Red-Sea
             ,
             bordering
             on
             Aegypt
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             bigger
             then
             Europe
             ,
             or
             Africa
             ,
             and
             doth
             far
             exceed
             them
             in
             riches
             ,
             as
             Precious-Stones
             and
             Spices
             :
             This
             Region
             hath
             been
             renowned
             by
             the
             first
             and
             second
             Monarchs
             of
             the
             World
             :
             There
             was
             Man
             Created
             ,
             placed
             in
             Paradise
             ,
             Seduced
             by
             Satan
             ,
             and
             Redeemed
             by
             our
             Saviour
             .
             In
             this
             part
             ,
             was
             done
             most
             of
             the
             Histories
             mentioned
             in
             the
             Old
             Testament
             ;
             and
             many
             things
             also
             in
             the
             New
             :
             the
             eminent
             Persons
             that
             have
             the
             Rule
             of
             Asia
             ,
             are
             the
             Kings
             of
             China
             ,
             the
             King
             of
             Persia
             ,
             the
             great
             Turk
             ,
             the
             King
             of
             India
             or
             Indosthan
             ,
             the
             King
             of
             Portugal
             ,
             the
             King
             of
             Iapan
             ,
             and
             the
             Emperour
             of
             Russia
             .
          
           
             Tartaria
             is
             bordered
             upon
             the
             north
             Sea
             ,
             eastward
             upon
             the
             Sea
             of
             China
             ,
             southward
             upon
             the
             Provinces
             of
             China
             ,
             and
             India
             ,
             with
             the
             flood
             Oxdo
             ,
             and
             the
             Sea
             
               Mare
               Caspium
            
             ,
             and
             towards
             the
             west
             with
             the
             flood
             
               Mare
               Steneum
            
             ,
             and
             Moscovia
             .
          
           
             The
             Tartarians
             ,
             as
             they
             are
             divided
             into
             certain
             Kingdomes
             ,
             Principalities
             ,
             and
             Commoalties
             
             or
             Colonies
             ,
             one
             from
             another
             ,
             so
             they
             differ
             in
             manners
             ,
             and
             trade
             of
             life
             :
             They
             are
             Men
             of
             a
             square
             stature
             ,
             broad
             and
             gross
             faces
             ,
             their
             eyes
             sunk
             into
             their
             heads
             ,
             and
             looking
             somewhat
             asquint
             ;
             they
             are
             strong
             of
             body
             ,
             and
             hardy
             :
             they
             eat
             Horses
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             Beasts
             except
             Hogs
             ,
             howsoever
             they
             are
             slain
             .
          
           
             The
             Crim
             ,
             or
             Precopense
             Tartar
             ,
             is
             the
             greatest
             and
             most
             Potent
             Prince
             in
             this
             vast
             and
             uncultivated
             Territory
             ;
             He
             is
             next
             Heir
             to
             the
             Ottoman
             Family
             of
             the
             Great
             Turk
             ,
             if
             the
             Male-line
             should
             fail
             ,
             to
             whose
             service
             he
             is
             alwayes
             ready
             bound
             to
             attend
             on
             the
             designs
             of
             the
             Turks
             upon
             Christendome
             .
             The
             other
             Chief
             is
             called
             the
             
               Czeremise
               Tartar
            
             ,
             of
             whom
             ,
             came
             that
             famous
             Conquerour
             ,
             the
             great
             Tamberlaine
             ,
             who
             over-ran
             all
             Asia
             .
             Their
             greatest
             War
             now
             ,
             is
             ,
             either
             with
             the
             Chinese
             ,
             or
             with
             the
             Russe
             ;
             but
             the
             
               Crim
               Tartar
            
             is
             wholly
             Mercenary
             ,
             being
             in
             the
             late
             War
             of
             Poland
             ;
             employed
             ,
             first
             by
             the
             Pole
             ,
             and
             then
             by
             the
             Swede
             ,
             and
             Transylvanian
             Prince
             Ragotzki
             .
          
           
             China
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             east
             by
             the
             east
             Sea
             ,
             on
             the
             west
             with
             India
             ,
             and
             Bramus
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             north
             it
             is
             divided
             from
             Tartaria
             with
             a
             wonderfull
             Wall
             four
             hundred
             miles
             long
             ,
             built
             between
             the
             Mountains
             :
             It
             is
             divided
             into
             fifteen
             Kingdoms
             ,
             or
             great
             Provinces
             ,
             each
             having
             a
             peculiar
             Prince
             ,
             but
             all
             yielding
             obedience
             to
             their
             great
             King
             :
             It
             is
             reported
             that
             he
             may
             bring
             into
             the
             Field
             three
             hundred
             thousand
             
             Foot
             and
             two
             hundred
             thousand
             Horse-men
             .
             The
             Land
             is
             fruitful
             of
             Grain
             ,
             and
             Beasts
             wild
             and
             tame
             ,
             Wines
             ,
             of
             Precious
             Stones
             ,
             Gold
             ,
             Copper
             ,
             Iron
             ,
             Steel
             ,
             Pearl
             ,
             and
             good
             store
             of
             Silk
             :
             Also
             very
             great
             Cities
             well
             peopled
             :
             Paqu'n
             is
             the
             Royal
             City
             ,
             of
             which
             ,
             things
             be
             written
             that
             be
             incredible
             .
             The
             People
             are
             lively
             ,
             witty
             ,
             wonderous
             Artists
             ,
             they
             make
             Waggons
             that
             sail
             over
             the
             land
             as
             Ships
             do
             over
             the
             Sea
             the
             Art
             of
             Printing
             ,
             and
             making
             of
             Guns
             ,
             is
             more
             ancient
             with
             them
             than
             with
             us
             :
             they
             have
             good
             Lawes
             according
             to
             which
             they
             do
             live
             ;
             but
             they
             want
             the
             knowledge
             of
             God
             ,
             for
             they
             are
             Heathens
             ,
             and
             Worship
             the
             Sun
             ,
             Moon
             ,
             and
             Stars
             ,
             yea
             ,
             and
             the
             Devil
             himself
             ,
             that
             he
             may
             not
             hurt
             them
             .
          
           
             Of
             this
             Kingdome
             of
             China
             there
             is
             little
             writ
             either
             certain
             or
             true
             ,
             because
             of
             its
             vast
             distance
             ,
             which
             ,
             if
             the
             North-west
             passage
             had
             been
             passable
             and
             not
             frozen
             ,
             might
             have
             been
             throughly
             known
             .
             The
             last
             news
             from
             thence
             was
             ,
             that
             the
             Tartars
             had
             invaded
             that
             Kingdome
             ,
             and
             had
             thrown
             down
             part
             of
             that
             eminent
             Wall
             abovesaid
             ,
             that
             was
             built
             for
             a
             Fence
             against
             their
             incursions
             ,
             and
             defeated
             the
             Chinese
             in
             several
             Battels
             .
             It
             hath
             been
             travelled
             of
             late
             by
             some
             forraign
             Friers
             ,
             but
             our
             English
             Ships
             seldome
             thriving
             in
             the
             Voyage
             ,
             is
             the
             reason
             no
             better
             account
             can
             be
             given
             of
             their
             Government
             ,
             Lawes
             ,
             and
             Customes
             .
             From
             thence
             come
             the
             China
             dishes
             ,
             called
             Porcelane
             ,
             which
             
             the
             Fathers
             prepare
             40
             years
             under
             ground
             ,
             and
             lay
             up
             for
             their
             Sons
             ,
             as
             an
             Estate
             ,
             before
             it
             be
             fit
             for
             use
             :
             its
             fineness
             and
             transparency
             requiring
             such
             a
             time
             of
             perfection
             .
          
           
             Iapan
             aboundeth
             so
             with
             Gold
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             reported
             that
             the
             Kings
             Pallace
             was
             covered
             therewith
             ,
             in
             the
             time
             of
             
               Paulus
               Venetius
            
             .
          
           
             These
             Iapanneses
             are
             the
             best
             Navigators
             and
             Sailers
             of
             the
             Nations
             of
             those
             parts
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             for
             which
             they
             are
             beholding
             to
             the
             situation
             of
             their
             Country
             ,
             being
             an
             Island
             ,
             so
             that
             they
             are
             very
             frequent
             ,
             and
             use
             Commerce
             in
             all
             that
             Quarter
             ,
             and
             prove
             good
             Auxiliary
             Souldiers
             to
             the
             several
             Princes
             .
             They
             are
             much
             entertained
             by
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             as
             may
             be
             seen
             in
             the
             business
             of
             Amboyna
             .
          
           
             India
             ,
             situated
             between
             Persia
             and
             the
             
               Tartars
               ,
               Sinca
            
             ,
             and
             the
             
               Indian
               Sea
            
             ,
             all
             Writers
             account
             the
             best
             and
             goodliest
             Land
             in
             the
             World
             :
             for
             it
             fills
             almost
             the
             whole
             World
             with
             precious
             Jewels
             and
             Pearls
             ,
             Medicinal
             Drugs
             ,
             and
             Perfumes
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             be
             called
             an
             earthly
             Paradise
             .
          
           
             The
             King
             of
             this
             Country
             ,
             the
             Great
             Mogul
             ,
             is
             certainly
             the
             richest
             and
             most
             Magnificent
             Prince
             in
             the
             World
             :
             which
             to
             shew
             to
             his
             Subjects
             ,
             at
             the
             several
             seasons
             of
             the
             year
             ,
             as
             it
             grows
             Hot
             or
             Cold
             ,
             he
             removes
             his
             Court
             from
             City
             to
             City
             ,
             of
             great
             distance
             ,
             south
             and
             north
             ,
             his
             Countrey
             being
             very
             vast
             ,
             and
             well
             peopled
             .
             But
             his
             chief
             Imperial
             City
             is
             Agra●…
             where
             ,
             as
             
             most
             great
             Cities
             of
             the
             East
             ,
             Lime
             trees
             and
             others
             of
             great
             shade
             ,
             and
             sweet
             sent
             are
             placed
             along
             the
             streets
             ,
             most
             beautifull
             and
             pleasant
             to
             behold
             .
             The
             Mogul
             is
             altogether
             ,
             if
             not
             more
             absolute
             than
             any
             of
             the
             Eastern
             Princes
             ,
             all
             whose
             Governments
             are
             Monarchical
             Tyrannies
             .
             Every
             morning
             he
             shews
             himself
             in
             great
             ▪
             State
             to
             his
             Nobles
             and
             Princes
             ,
             who
             prostrate
             ,
             and
             adore
             him
             ;
             and
             at
             the
             same
             time
             the
             Elephants
             (
             of
             which
             he
             keeps
             many
             hundreds
             )
             are
             brought
             to
             Salam
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             to
             bow
             and
             bend
             their
             knee
             ,
             which
             being
             taught
             ,
             they
             will
             do
             very
             readily
             .
             To
             this
             Mogul
             ,
             King
             Iames
             sent
             the
             Earl
             of
             Denbigh
             Ambassador
             ,
             to
             Treat
             ,
             or
             rather
             to
             Complement
             about
             our
             Trade
             in
             the
             
               East-Indies
               ,
               Surrat
            
             being
             in
             his
             Dominions
             ,
             where
             constantly
             one
             of
             his
             chief
             Nobles
             is
             resident
             as
             Governour
             .
             The
             Earl
             carried
             Presents
             with
             him
             ,
             but
             was
             most
             magnificently
             and
             costly
             Re-presented
             by
             the
             Mogul
             ,
             even
             to
             an
             Estate
             ,
             and
             his
             Ambassie
             civilly
             and
             effectually
             answered
             ;
             we
             count
             them
             Barbarians
             ,
             but
             they
             are
             a
             Nation
             of
             extraordinary
             Civility
             ,
             as
             our
             Commerce
             witnesseth
             :
             where
             they
             love
             ,
             they
             love
             ardently
             and
             constantly
             ,
             and
             where
             they
             hate
             ,
             they
             hate
             furiously
             and
             deadly
             .
             At
             present
             ,
             they
             are
             engaged
             in
             a
             Civil
             War
             ,
             for
             the
             
               Mogul
               Sultan
               Coram
            
             lately
             dying
             ,
             left
             his
             Estate
             in
             Dispute
             ,
             though
             divided
             to
             his
             three
             Sons
             ,
             of
             whom
             ,
             he
             most
             loved
             his
             youngest
             ,
             who
             by
             the
             favour
             and
             practice
             of
             the
             chief
             of
             the
             Nobility
             having
             gained
             
             the
             Army
             which
             is
             alwayes
             kept
             standing
             ,
             possest
             himself
             of
             most
             part
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             while
             his
             Brothers
             were
             disputing
             with
             one
             another
             ,
             about
             other
             the
             private
             Limits
             and
             Boundaries
             of
             their
             Lands
             .
             Both
             are
             now
             joyned
             against
             him
             ,
             but
             with
             what
             successe
             is
             not
             yet
             known
             .
             The
             English
             Trade
             is
             neverthelesse
             no
             way
             molested
             or
             impeached
             (
             their
             Governour
             now
             siding
             with
             the
             Younger
             Brother
             )
             but
             is
             carried
             on
             as
             formerly
             :
             the
             chief
             Merchants
             of
             that
             Nation
             being
             the
             Banians
             (
             a
             sect
             and
             preciser
             sort
             of
             People
             than
             the
             rest
             ,
             the
             most
             of
             them
             being
             Mahometans
             )
             who
             are
             just
             dealers
             and
             very
             rich
             ,
             and
             negotiate
             in
             all
             the
             Traffique
             of
             the
             East
             .
             The
             Hollanders
             have
             some
             places
             of
             Strength
             here
             also
             ,
             and
             are
             in
             League
             with
             the
             Mogul
             ,
             though
             in
             War
             with
             some
             of
             the
             adjacent
             lesser
             Princes
             .
          
           
             The
             King
             of
             Portugal
             is
             possest
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Goa
             ,
             and
             other
             large
             Provinces
             and
             Territories
             ,
             which
             were
             formerly
             distinct
             Kingdomes
             and
             Principalities
             ,
             but
             Conquered
             and
             won
             by
             his
             Sword
             ;
             but
             hath
             been
             disquieted
             and
             disturbed
             very
             often
             ,
             as
             well
             by
             the
             Natives
             as
             the
             Dutch
             ;
             but
             yet
             he
             hath
             made
             a
             shift
             to
             keep
             the
             greatest
             part
             still
             in
             his
             hands
             :
             and
             consequently
             a
             very
             rich
             Trade
             and
             Traffique
             ,
             which
             he
             manageth
             himself
             .
             There
             is
             alwayes
             resident
             at
             Goa
             ,
             his
             Vice-roy
             one
             of
             the
             Portugal
             Nobility
             ,
             who
             lives
             in
             great
             Pompe
             and
             State
             in
             a
             very
             fair
             Palace
             .
             The
             City
             is
             strongly
             
             fortified
             and
             several
             out-Forts
             and
             Guards
             circumjacent
             to
             prevent
             a
             sudden
             attempt
             of
             an
             Enemy
             ;
             and
             other
             Fortresses
             are
             erected
             in
             that
             Kingdome
             ,
             some
             whereof
             are
             put
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             English
             ,
             by
             agreement
             ,
             the
             Coast
             being
             beneficial
             to
             our
             Navigation
             into
             the
             Indies
             .
             The
             Portugal
             Inhabitants
             follow
             the
             Habit
             and
             Fashion
             of
             the
             Indians
             ,
             as
             all
             Nations
             whatsoever
             Trading
             thither
             ,
             do
             their
             Habit.
             
          
           
             Persia
             is
             a
             mighty
             rich
             Land
             ,
             governed
             by
             the
             Sophy
             :
             though
             he
             be
             a
             Mahometist
             ,
             yet
             he
             warreth
             against
             the
             Turk
             for
             the
             Religion
             of
             Mahomet
             ,
             concerning
             the
             expounding
             of
             the
             Alcoran
             :
             out
             of
             Persia
             are
             brought
             the
             Bezoar-stone
             and
             other
             precious
             Stones
             ,
             Pearls
             of
             great
             value
             ,
             and
             many
             Silk-works
             .
          
           
             This
             Kingdom
             ,
             once
             honoured
             with
             the
             Universal
             Empire
             ,
             as
             absolutely
             lost
             it self
             under
             the
             Turkish
             Slavery
             ,
             as
             before
             under
             the
             victorious
             Arms
             of
             Alexander
             the
             Great
             ,
             till
             the
             time
             of
             Ismael
             some
             two
             hundred
             years
             ago
             ;
             justly
             as
             great
             ,
             as
             he
             ,
             considering
             the
             contemptiblenesse
             of
             himself
             and
             his
             Forces
             ;
             he
             drove
             the
             Turk●…
             out
             of
             all
             their
             Conquests
             ,
             and
             left
             Persia
             to
             his
             Successors
             ,
             an
             entire
             and
             Potent
             Dominion
             .
             After
             many
             changes
             in
             his
             Line
             and
             Family
             ,
             it
             devolved
             at
             last
             to
             as
             renown'd
             a
             Prince
             as
             himself
             ;
             
               Sultan
               Abbas
            
             ,
             but
             infamous
             for
             his
             unnatural
             Fact.
             He
             had
             a
             hopeful
             Son
             ,
             his
             expected
             successor
             ;
             of
             whom
             ,
             by
             the
             flatteries
             and
             surmises
             of
             some
             Courtiers
             being
             jealoused
             ,
             he
             resolved
             on
             
             his
             Death
             ,
             and
             communicated
             it
             ,
             with
             his
             command
             of
             Execution
             to
             his
             General
             ;
             and
             ,
             being
             by
             him
             bravely
             refused
             ,
             to
             another
             his
             Confident
             ,
             who
             likewise
             knowing
             the
             worth
             of
             the
             Prince
             ,
             offered
             his
             own
             Head
             in
             lieu
             of
             his
             ;
             with
             which
             not
             yet
             disswaded
             ,
             he
             procured
             one
             of
             his
             Chams
             or
             Commanders
             to
             perform
             the
             Fact
             ,
             which
             the
             Innocent
             Gentleman
             patiently
             suffered
             ,
             being
             as
             he
             was
             riding
             ,
             dragged
             off
             his
             Horse
             and
             strangled
             .
             After
             the
             preparation
             of
             it
             ,
             the
             Tyrant
             was
             exceedingly
             sorrowful
             ,
             and
             going
             to
             the
             relief
             of
             
               Bagdat
               alias
               Babylon
            
             ,
             there
             besieged
             by
             the
             Turk
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             caused
             the
             Executioner
             of
             his
             Son
             to
             be
             put
             to
             death
             ,
             and
             was
             returning
             home
             in
             triumph
             ,
             he
             deceased
             ,
             declaring
             his
             Grand-son
             ,
             whom
             he
             had
             named
             after
             his
             Father
             
               Mirza
               Sefi
            
             or
             Sofi
             ,
             (
             from
             whence
             the
             Modern
             name
             of
             Sophy
             )
             to
             be
             his
             Successour
             ,
             and
             commanded
             his
             Death
             to
             be
             kept
             secret
             till
             his
             Inauguration
             .
             This
             Injunction
             was
             duely
             observed
             ,
             and
             the
             young
             Prince
             ,
             after
             three
             dayes
             perswasion
             to
             get
             him
             from
             his
             Mother
             ,
             who
             feared
             the
             like
             Cruelty
             from
             the
             cunning
             Tyrant
             ,
             solemnly
             enthroned
             .
             It
             was
             reported
             he
             was
             born
             with
             his
             hands
             full
             of
             blood
             ,
             but
             very
             true
             it
             was
             ,
             he
             dyded
             with
             them
             full
             ,
             in
             the
             year
             1642.
             in
             the
             middle
             of
             his
             Age
             when
             he
             began
             to
             be
             more
             Considerate
             ,
             having
             caused
             by
             his
             Cruelties
             many
             of
             his
             chief
             Lords
             to
             revolt
             to
             save
             their
             Heads
             :
             His
             Son
             
               Sophy
               Abbas
            
             now
             reigns
             in
             great
             Splendor
             :
             at
             
             his
             return
             from
             Bagdat
             to
             his
             City
             of
             Issaphan
             ,
             he
             passed
             to
             his
             Pallace
             through
             the
             streets
             filled
             with
             Roses
             up
             to
             the
             Horses
             Belly
             ,
             and
             covered
             from
             the
             Sun
             by
             Carpets
             thrown
             upon
             Cords
             tyed
             from
             the
             opposite
             Windows
             ,
             where
             in
             the
             middle
             hung
             great
             wax
             Lamps
             and
             Candles
             ,
             which
             made
             an
             Artificial
             Day
             .
             The
             Persian
             hath
             had
             a
             lazy
             Peace
             of
             late
             ,
             but
             a
             Rupture
             with
             the
             Turk
             or
             Mogul
             is
             to
             be
             expected
             ,
             for
             they
             are
             excellently
             active
             ,
             and
             indefatigable
             warriours
             .
             As
             to
             our
             English
             Trade
             thither
             ,
             it
             is
             greatly
             improved
             within
             these
             few
             years
             ,
             from
             some
             immunities
             they
             have
             above
             other
             Nations
             traffiquing
             there
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             assistance
             the
             Persian
             had
             from
             them
             by
             Shipping
             ,
             without
             which
             he
             could
             never
             have
             taken
             Ormus
             ,
             the
             great
             Mart
             of
             the
             East
             ,
             from
             the
             Portugals
             in
             1620.
             but
             for
             all
             that
             destructive
             kindnesse
             to
             our selves
             ,
             he
             hath
             saltered
             of
             his
             Articles
             and
             Agreement
             ,
             in
             delaying
             that
             money
             which
             he
             was
             to
             pay
             to
             the
             
               English
               East-India
            
             Company
             for
             the
             hire
             of
             the
             said
             Ships
             .
             There
             is
             now
             two
             English
             Factories
             in
             his
             Dominions
             ,
             one
             at
             Gomeron
             a
             Sea-port
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             at
             〈◊〉
             o●…
             Ispahan
             aforesaid
             ,
             to
             the
             no
             less
             reputation
             than
             profit
             and
             advantage
             of
             the
             said
             Company
             ,
             and
             the
             whole
             Nation
             .
          
           
             Natolia
             or
             Asia
             the
             lesse
             ,
             wherein
             is
             that
             part
             of
             Land
             formerly
             called
             Canaan
             ,
             by
             which
             lie
             the
             Arabians
             :
             this
             Asia
             is
             a
             good
             and
             fruitful
             Country
             ,
             and
             hath
             been
             eminent
             in
             the
             true
             
             Religion
             ;
             for
             therein
             were
             written
             the
             most
             part
             of
             the
             New
             Testament
             .
             It
             is
             almost
             divided
             from
             Africa
             by
             the
             Red
             and
             Mediterranean
             Sea
             ,
             and
             is
             now
             a
             part
             of
             the
             Turkish
             Empire
             .
          
           
             The
             Body
             of
             this
             huge
             Empire
             is
             like
             a
             Monster
             ,
             that
             consists
             of
             several
             Heterogeneal
             parts
             ,
             and
             members
             :
             It
             hath
             large
             Dominions
             in
             Europe
             ,
             larger
             in
             Africa
             ,
             but
             largest
             in
             Asia
             ;
             All
             which
             were
             meer
             Conquests
             ,
             scarce
             a
             Cottage
             belonging
             to
             the
             first
             Founder
             of
             the
             Ottoman
             Greatnesse
             ;
             who
             was
             little
             better
             than
             an
             unruly
             Shepherd
             ,
             from
             whom
             are
             lineally
             descended
             twenty
             successive
             Monarchs
             ,
             terrible
             to
             all
             the
             world
             ,
             being
             seated
             in
             the
             very
             midst
             and
             Heart
             of
             it
             .
             Mahomet
             the
             Great
             ,
             became
             terrible
             ,
             by
             the
             subversion
             of
             the
             Greek
             Empire
             about
             
               Anno
               Christi
            
             1400.
             when
             he
             took
             Constantinople
             ,
             and
             soon
             after
             that
             the
             Empire
             of
             Trebisand
             in
             
               Asia
               minor
            
             ;
             since
             which
             time
             ,
             Selymus
             the
             first
             ,
             conquered
             Aegypt
             ,
             and
             Selymus
             the
             second
             ,
             Cyprus
             :
             to
             omit
             the
             seizure
             of
             Dalmatia
             and
             Epirus
             somewhat
             before
             ,
             
               Sultan
               Solyman
            
             perfected
             their
             invasions
             ,
             and
             secured
             their
             possessions
             in
             Hungary
             ,
             and
             made
             more
             absolute
             Tributaries
             and
             Vassals
             of
             the
             Princes
             ,
             and
             Waywods
             of
             Transylvania
             ,
             and
             Moldavia
             ,
             advancing
             his
             Ensignes
             and
             Infidel
             Crescents
             to
             the
             walls
             of
             Vienna
             ,
             but
             failed
             in
             his
             ambitious
             Design
             upon
             the
             Empire
             of
             the
             West
             .
             After
             his
             Decease
             they
             stood
             at
             a
             stay
             ;
             
             not
             a
             Martial
             Prince
             succeeding
             ,
             till
             
               Sultan
               Morat
            
             ,
             in
             our
             memory
             ,
             whose
             assumption
             to
             that
             Imperial
             Turbant
             ,
             will
             not
             be
             unpleasant
             to
             relate
             .
             
               Sultan
               Achmat
            
             a
             voluptuary
             ,
             and
             no
             way
             addicted
             to
             War
             ,
             deceasing
             about
             1615.
             left
             behind
             him
             two
             Sons
             and
             a
             Brother
             of
             his
             named
             Mustapha
             ,
             whom
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             unnatural
             and
             cruel
             policy
             of
             that
             Government
             ,
             he
             had
             preserved
             alive
             ,
             (
             though
             once
             over-perswaded
             by
             his
             Bashaws
             ,
             he
             had
             sent
             for
             him
             to
             his
             presence
             ,
             to
             strangle
             him
             :
             )
             and
             after
             his
             decease
             appointed
             him
             to
             succeed
             him
             ;
             but
             he
             being
             of
             a
             Book●…h
             and
             Contemplative
             nature
             ,
             the
             Ianizaries
             weary
             of
             such
             a
             Log
             and
             idle
             Person
             ,
             deposed
             him
             ,
             and
             shut
             him
             up
             in
             a
             Prison
             ,
             and
             advanced
             the
             eldest
             Son
             of
             Achmat
             named
             Osman
             a
             Child
             ,
             to
             his
             Fathers
             Throne
             ;
             and
             being
             alike
             weary
             of
             him
             ,
             not
             onely
             laid
             him
             aside
             ,
             but
             murthered
             him
             ,
             and
             set
             up
             Mustapha
             again
             ,
             and
             then
             relen●…ing
             of
             their
             ungrateful
             dealing
             to
             Osman
             ,
             murthered
             Mustapha
             ,
             and
             proclaimed
             
               Sultan
               Morat
               ,
               Osmans
            
             Brother
             ,
             to
             be
             the
             Grand
             Seigniour
             .
             He
             ,
             during
             these
             alterations
             and
             fatal
             changes
             ,
             was
             grown
             to
             discretion
             ,
             and
             perceiving
             that
             those
             Distractions
             happened
             through
             the
             head-strong
             insolency
             of
             the
             Ianizarics
             ,
             (
             insomuch
             that
             it
             was
             verily
             believed
             by
             others
             that
             a
             period
             was
             near
             set
             to
             the
             Glory
             of
             the
             Empire
             )
             after
             therefore
             he
             had
             ,
             as
             usually
             ,
             destributed
             his
             Donatives
             among
             them
             at
             his
             first
             Assumption
             ,
             and
             gained
             their
             affection
             ;
             He
             resolved
             
             with
             some
             private
             advice
             ,
             to
             be
             rid
             of
             the
             whole
             order
             ,
             and
             Militia
             of
             those
             Ianizaries
             ,
             and
             to
             substitute
             a
             new
             standing
             Force
             in
             their
             room
             .
             In
             prosecution
             whereof
             ,
             he
             denounced
             a
             War
             against
             the
             Persian
             ,
             which
             hath
             alwayes
             been
             the
             Sepulture
             of
             the
             Turkish
             Infantry
             ,
             and
             against
             all
             disswasions
             ,
             marched
             to
             the
             siege
             of
             Bagdat
             ,
             where
             in
             several
             Assaults
             ,
             on
             purpose
             to
             put
             them
             to
             the
             Slaughter
             ,
             he
             had
             well
             neer
             wasted
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             them
             ,
             when
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             his
             design
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             flourishing
             years
             of
             his
             Hope
             ,
             by
             over-labouring
             himself
             He
             contracted
             a
             Feaver
             ,
             and
             dyed
             ,
             but
             Victorious
             ,
             with
             the
             Fortune
             of
             Alexander
             ,
             who
             dyed
             at
             the
             Siege
             of
             the
             same
             place
             .
             Being
             asked
             upon
             his
             Death-bed
             whom
             he
             would
             name
             his
             successour
             ,
             he
             started
             up
             and
             with
             indignation
             ,
             replyed
             ,
             what
             do
             you
             talk
             of
             Successors
             ?
             will
             there
             be
             any
             more
             Worlds
             when
             I
             am
             dead
             ?
             But
             by
             his
             death
             the
             race
             of
             Ianizaries
             was
             preserved
             ,
             and
             the
             Crown
             placed
             on
             the
             head
             of
             his
             Son
             
               Sultan
               Ibrahim
            
             ,
             who
             continued
             it
             not
             long
             ,
             before
             death
             transferred
             it
             to
             
               Sultan
               Mahomet
            
             an
             Infant
             then
             ,
             but
             now
             of
             Age
             ,
             and
             at
             this
             time
             regnant
             ,
             a
             Prince
             of
             hopeful
             Valour
             and
             Magnanimity
             ,
             of
             which
             he
             gives
             great
             demonstrations
             in
             his
             preparation
             for
             War
             ,
             which
             he
             intends
             to
             prosecute
             in
             Transilvania
             ,
             (
             where
             he
             hath
             lately
             chastised
             and
             deposed
             two
             Princes
             thereof
             ,
             who
             disobeyed
             his
             Command
             ,
             and
             usurped
             the
             Government
             after
             he
             had
             commanded
             them
             to
             quit
             it
             as
             we
             
             have
             said
             before
             in
             that
             Territory
             )
             and
             also
             in
             the
             Isle
             of
             Candia
             against
             the
             Venetians
             ,
             where
             for
             these
             two
             years
             last
             past
             ,
             he
             hath
             had
             but
             slow
             success
             .
             The
             King
             lately
             sent
             to
             the
             Port
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             his
             Court
             at
             Constantinople
             ,
             the
             Earl
             of
             Winchelsea
             his
             Ambassador
             ,
             to
             confirm
             and
             continue
             the
             Treaty
             and
             Friendship
             that
             hath
             been
             these
             many
             years
             betwixt
             us
             .
             The
             two
             chief
             Residences
             of
             the
             English
             Merchants
             who
             have
             Factories
             at
             
               Grand
               Cairo
            
             and
             Damascus
             ,
             are
             at
             Constantinople
             ,
             by
             the
             Turks
             called
             Stamboly
             ,
             and
             at
             Aleppo
             in
             Syrio
             in
             the
             bottome
             of
             all
             the
             
               Straits
               ,
               Scanderoon
            
             being
             the
             Port
             or
             Key
             where
             the
             Ships
             unload
             and
             take
             in
             their
             Merchandise
             ;
             Besides
             the
             Morda
             .
          
           
             The
             Emperor
             of
             Muscovia
             hath
             for
             his
             share
             in
             these
             Quarters
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             the
             Kingdomes
             of
             Casan
             and
             Astracan
             ,
             formerly
             belonging
             to
             the
             Tartar
             ,
             but
             taken
             from
             him
             in
             this
             manner
             :
             He
             had
             made
             a
             terrible
             irruption
             into
             Muscovia
             ,
             and
             had
             carried
             all
             to
             before
             him
             to
             the
             very
             Walls
             of
             Musco
             ,
             which
             at
             last
             too
             he
             entred
             ,
             and
             made
             the
             great
             Duke
             ,
             upon
             certain
             Articles
             ,
             to
             become
             his
             Tributary
             ,
             and
             acknowledge
             him
             ,
             as
             his
             Supreme
             Lord
             ,
             and
             to
             hold
             his
             Dominions
             under
             him
             ,
             which
             was
             confirmed
             by
             an
             Instrument
             in
             Writing
             under
             the
             Great
             Seal
             of
             the
             Empire
             .
             An.
             1500.
             
             Whereupon
             with
             great
             riches
             he
             departed
             ,
             and
             in
             his
             return
             laid
             Seige
             to
             a
             strong
             Castle
             ,
             and
             seeing
             the
             Governour
             resolute
             (
             as
             the
             Russes
             are
             very
             good
             in
             maintaining
             places
             
             even
             beyond
             extremity
             to
             others
             )
             he
             acquainted
             him
             with
             what
             had
             passed
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             great
             Duke
             had
             yielded
             him
             that
             place
             by
             agreement
             ,
             and
             had
             further
             submitted
             ,
             &c.
             
             Whereupon
             the
             Governour
             desiring
             to
             see
             the
             Deed
             ,
             and
             promising
             thereupon
             to
             surrender
             ,
             the
             Tartar
             over-credulously
             parted
             with
             his
             Act
             of
             Homage
             ,
             but
             could
             never
             gain
             either
             the
             Town
             or
             that
             back
             again
             .
             Encouraged
             by
             this
             ,
             the
             Russe
             took
             heart
             and
             followed
             the
             Tartar
             ,
             but
             was
             sorely
             beaten
             ,
             till
             the
             Successour
             of
             that
             Emperor
             ,
             the
             Tyrant
             
               Evan
               Vasilowich
            
             pursuing
             the
             quarrel
             ,
             marched
             with
             Fire
             and
             Sword
             into
             those
             Countries
             ,
             and
             at
             last
             sate
             down
             before
             Astracan
             ,
             where
             in
             sundry
             attempts
             he
             was
             resisted
             ,
             but
             being
             resolutely
             bent
             to
             lose
             his
             Army
             ,
             Life
             ,
             and
             Honour
             ,
             or
             take
             the
             City
             ,
             he
             commanded
             a
             general
             ,
             though
             most
             hazzardous
             Assault
             ro
             be
             given
             ,
             which
             lasted
             almost
             a
             whole
             day
             ,
             when
             with
             a
             most
             bloody
             Slaughter
             both
             of
             his
             own
             and
             his
             enemies
             he
             victoriously
             entred
             ,
             and
             ever
             since
             ,
             maugre
             all
             the
             Force
             and
             Attempts
             of
             the
             Tartars
             ,
             the
             great
             Dukes
             have
             kept
             possession
             thereof
             ,
             suffering
             no
             Tartars
             to
             lodge
             in
             the
             City
             ,
             or
             to
             wear
             any
             Arms.
             Both
             these
             Kingdomes
             are
             parted
             with
             the
             River
             Volga
             ,
             where
             the
             Cossacks
             do
             exercise
             frequent
             Piracies
             and
             Thefts
             ,
             both
             upon
             the
             Inhabitants
             and
             Passenger-Merchants
             which
             Trade
             that
             way
             ,
             and
             so
             by
             the
             Caspian
             Sea
             into
             Persia
             fo
             :
             Drugs
             and
             Silks
             ,
             which
             are
             brought
             by
             Caravans
             to
             that
             Sea-side
             in
             great
             quantity
             .
          
           
           
             The
             chief
             Islands
             of
             Asia
             are
             Zellant
             ,
             whose
             ground
             is
             alwayes
             green
             ,
             and
             the
             trees
             laden
             with
             blossomes
             and
             fruits
             ,
             as
             Oranges
             ,
             and
             Lemmons
             ,
             the
             Cinamon
             grows
             here
             in
             whole
             Woods
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             the
             second
             rind
             of
             a
             Tree
             ,
             but
             being
             cut
             and
             laid
             in
             the
             Sun
             ,
             becomes
             red
             :
             the
             Tree
             in
             three
             years
             space
             receives
             his
             rind
             again
             .
             Besides
             many
             other
             beasts
             ,
             here
             are
             a
             multitude
             of
             Elephants
             .
          
           
             Sumatra
             yieldeth
             besides
             other
             sorts
             of
             Spices
             ,
             abundance
             of
             Pepper
             :
             here
             are
             also
             moneys
             of
             divers
             Mettals
             ,
             of
             which
             the
             Inhabitants
             have
             learned
             to
             cast
             good
             Ordnance
             ;
             very
             great
             Elephants
             are
             found
             here
             ,
             which
             being
             learned
             are
             serviceable
             in
             War.
             The
             Rhinoceros
             ,
             a
             deadly
             enemy
             to
             the
             Elephant
             ,
             is
             found
             here
             :
             for
             though
             he
             be
             less
             ,
             yet
             he
             warreth
             with
             him
             ;
             having
             whet
             his
             horn
             on
             the
             Rock
             ,
             he
             therewith
             seeks
             to
             rip
             up
             the
             Elephants
             belly
             .
             He
             is
             by
             many
             held
             to
             be
             the
             true
             Unicorn
             :
             every
             part
             of
             him
             ,
             especially
             his
             Horn
             ,
             being
             sovereign
             against
             all
             poyson
             .
          
           
             Iava
             is
             very
             fruitful
             in
             several
             spices
             and
             Indian
             fruits
             ,
             especially
             Pepper
             .
          
           
             Benda
             a
             second
             Island
             ,
             but
             very
             famous
             ,
             for
             herein
             are
             several
             Islands
             whereabout
             grow
             all
             the
             Nutmegs
             and
             Mace
             which
             are
             in
             great
             abundance
             sent
             into
             all
             the
             World
             :
             the
             Trees
             on
             which
             Nutmegs
             grow
             ,
             yield
             three
             times
             in
             the
             year
             fruit
             ,
             viz.
             in
             August
             ,
             and
             December
             ,
             but
             the
             most
             and
             best
             in
             April
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Islands
             of
             the
             
             Mollucco's
             ,
             though
             but
             sand
             ,
             yet
             are
             known
             all
             over
             the
             world
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             plenty
             of
             cloves
             which
             grow
             up
             here
             only
             ,
             but
             are
             dispersed
             over
             all
             the
             world
             ,
             they
             are
             five
             in
             number
             ,
             
               Ternate
               ,
               Tidon
               ,
               Matir
               ,
               Mantrian
               ,
            
             and
             Bachion
             .
             Victuals
             are
             here
             scant
             ,
             for
             there
             grows
             neither
             rice
             nor
             any
             other
             grain
             ;
             it
             hath
             no
             cattel
             ,
             but
             a
             few
             goats
             and
             hogs
             :
             they
             make
             their
             bread
             of
             certain
             trees
             and
             roots
             .
             In
             these
             Islands
             onely
             ,
             are
             found
             the
             birds
             of
             Paradise
             ,
             which
             for
             the
             strangeness
             and
             fairness
             of
             feathers
             exceed
             all
             the
             birds
             in
             the
             world
             .
          
           
             Most
             of
             these
             Islands
             are
             in
             the
             occupation
             of
             the
             Hollander
             or
             Portugal
             ,
             or
             so
             leagued
             to
             them
             by
             the
             Natives
             ,
             that
             the
             whole
             profit
             and
             trade
             thereof
             is
             as
             good
             as
             theirs
             ,
             which
             formerly
             by
             Articles
             of
             Agreement
             ,
             were
             equally
             parted
             (
             to
             what
             the
             Dutch
             possest
             )
             betwixt
             them
             and
             us
             ,
             witnesse
             that
             bloody
             Story
             of
             Amboyna
             ,
             to
             the
             Southward
             of
             the
             
             Molucco's
             where
             the
             Dutch
             had
             a
             Castle
             and
             we
             a
             Factory
             ,
             but
             the
             Trade
             arising
             from
             the
             Island
             proving
             so
             beneficial
             ,
             they
             conspired
             the
             ruin
             of
             the
             English
             by
             a
             pretended
             plot
             of
             theirs
             ,
             upon
             the
             said
             Castle
             ,
             which
             by
             a
             Violation
             of
             the
             Articles
             on
             our
             part
             ,
             if
             admitted
             true
             ,
             would
             be
             a
             good
             warrant
             for
             their
             procedure
             against
             them
             ,
             which
             in
             short
             was
             after
             this
             manner
             .
             They
             of
             a
             sudden
             as
             in
             imminent
             danger
             ,
             seized
             and
             secured
             the
             principal
             English
             Merchant
             and
             others
             on
             shore
             ,
             and
             two
             Japanese
             Souldiers
             in
             the
             Dutch
             pay
             ,
             and
             put
             them
             
             to
             the
             Torture
             ,
             which
             was
             by
             hanging
             them
             stretcht
             out
             ,
             upon
             Planks
             broad
             as
             a
             Door
             ,
             and
             muffling
             up
             their
             Chaps
             with
             Napkins
             ,
             and
             pouring
             in
             water
             continually
             till
             they
             had
             almost
             stifled
             them
             ,
             and
             burnt
             their
             Fingers
             ends
             besides
             ,
             which
             grievious
             Torment
             extorted
             a
             kind
             of
             Confession
             of
             what
             they
             had
             designed
             ,
             whereupon
             they
             were
             all
             sentenced
             to
             lose
             their
             heads
             ,
             which
             was
             executed
             accordingly
             in
             the
             Castle
             Green
             ,
             the
             poor
             wretches
             so
             cruciated
             with
             the
             pains
             they
             had
             suffered
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             a
             Courtesie
             to
             murther
             them
             .
             Thus
             the
             Dutch
             got
             the
             entire
             enjoyment
             of
             that
             Trade
             ,
             and
             keep
             it
             without
             giving
             that
             due
             satisfaction
             for
             the
             possession
             ,
             or
             the
             blood
             the
             price
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             Thus
             much
             touching
             the
             second
             part
             of
             the
             World.
             
          
           
             
             
               The
               chiefest
               Cities
               of
               Asia
               with
               the
               Rivers
               .
            
             
               THe
               chiefest
               cities
               in
               Asia
               which
               belong
               unto
               the
               Turks
               ,
               are
               ,
               in
               
                 Anatolia
                 ,
                 Burse
                 ,
                 Chioutai
                 ,
                 Angoure
                 ,
                 Trebisond
                 ,
                 Sattalie
                 :
              
               the
               Rivers
               there
               most
               famous
               are
               the
               Rivers
               of
               
                 Alie
                 ,
                 Iordan
                 ,
                 Euphrates
              
               ,
               and
               Tigris
               .
            
             
               The
               most
               famous
               Cities
               in
               Syria
               are
               
                 Aleppo
                 ,
                 Tripoli
                 ,
                 Damas
                 ,
                 Said
              
               and
               Hierusalem
               .
            
             
               The
               most
               famous
               Cities
               in
               Georgia
               are
               
                 Mosul
                 ,
                 Bagded
                 ,
                 Balsora
                 ,
                 Sanatopoli
                 ,
                 Stranu
                 ,
                 Derbent
                 :
              
               The
               most
               famous
               Rivers
               in
               Georgia
               are
               the
               Rivers
               of
               Fazze
               and
               Arais
               .
            
             
               The
               most
               famous
               Cities
               in
               Arabia
               ,
               are
               
                 Herac
                 ,
                 Ava
                 ,
                 Medina
              
               ,
               and
               Mectra
               ;
               the
               most
               memorable
               River
               ,
               is
               the
               River
               of
               Cayban
            
             
               The
               chiefest
               Cities
               in
               Persia
               ,
               are
               
                 Tauris
                 ,
                 Gorgian
                 ,
                 Coysolma
                 ,
                 Hispahan
                 ,
                 Erat
                 ,
                 Sus
                 ,
                 Schirae
                 ,
              
               and
               Ortmutz
               :
               the
               chiefest
               Rivers
               are
               the
               Rivers
               of
               Tirditiri
               ,
               and
               Bendimur
               .
            
             
               The
               chiefest
               Cities
               of
               India
               ,
               are
               
                 Amedabath
                 ,
                 Cambaia
                 ,
                 Gouro
                 ,
                 Diu
                 ,
                 Bengala
                 ,
                 Pangab
                 ,
              
               or
               
                 Lahor
                 ,
                 Agra
                 ,
                 Goa
                 ,
                 Calicut
                 ,
                 Visnagor
                 ,
                 Pegu
                 ,
                 Arracan
                 ,
                 Malaca
                 ,
                 Camboge
                 ,
              
               and
               Facfo
               :
               the
               fairest
               
               Rivers
               in
               India
               are
               ,
               the
               River
               
                 Indus
                 ,
                 Ganges
              
               ,
               and
               Mecon
               .
            
             
               The
               most
               famous
               Cities
               in
               China
               ,
               are
               
                 Paguin
                 ,
                 Quinsay
                 ,
                 Caneun
                 ,
                 Macao
                 ,
                 Mancian
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Nagaia
                 ,
                 Hordo
              
               :
               the
               greatest
               River
               ,
               is
               the
               River
               of
               Quinam
               ,
               or
               
                 Iamsu
                 Quiam
              
               .
            
             
               The
               most
               famous
               Cities
               in
               Tartary
               are
               ,
               
                 Zahaspe
                 ,
                 Samarcanda
                 ,
                 Thibet
                 ,
                 Cambalu
                 ,
                 Tatur
                 ,
              
               or
               Tartar
               :
               the
               chiefest
               Rivers
               are
               the
               Tatar
               ,
               the
               Ieniscoy
               ,
               the
               Oby
               ,
               the
               Chezel
               ,
               and
               the
               Albiamu
               .
            
             
               The
               Isles
               in
               Asia
               in
               the
               Ocean
               are
               the
               Isle
               of
               Iapan
               ,
               where
               are
               the
               Cities
               of
               
                 Bungo
                 ,
                 Meaco
              
               ,
               and
               Sacay
               .
            
             
               The
               Phillipine
               Islands
               ,
               in
               which
               are
               the
               Cities
               of
               
                 Lusor
                 ,
                 Manille
              
               ,
               and
               Mindanao
               .
            
             
               The
               Molucco
               Islands
               in
               which
               are
               the
               Cities
               of
               
                 Gililo
                 ,
                 Mucasar
              
               ,
               and
               Aquen
               .
            
             
               Not
               far
               from
               thence
               is
               Sumatra
               and
               Iava
               ,
               where
               are
               the
               Cities
               of
               Candra
               ,
               and
               Columbo
               ,
               near
               unto
               it
               is
               
                 Bornro
                 ,
                 Manur
              
               ,
               and
               Male.
               
            
             
               In
               the
               Mediterranean
               Sea
               ,
               there
               are
               the
               Islands
               of
               
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 Rhodes
              
               ,
               and
               Scarpanto
               ,
               in
               which
               are
               the
               famous
               Cities
               of
               
                 Nicosia
                 ,
                 Famagusta
                 ,
                 Rhodes
              
               ,
               and
               Scarpanto
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               Archipelago
               there
               are
               the
               Islands
               of
               Chios
               ,
               and
               Metelin
               ,
               which
               have
               Cities
               after
               their
               own
               names
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Africa
             .
          
           
             AFrica
             the
             third
             part
             of
             the
             world
             ,
             is
             separated
             from
             Europe
             by
             the
             Mediterranean
             Sea
             ,
             and
             from
             Asia
             by
             the
             Red
             Sea
             ;
             she
             yieldeth
             Gold
             ,
             Balm
             ,
             Ivory
             ,
             Ebony
             ,
             Sugar
             ,
             Ginger
             ,
             Dates
             ,
             Aloes
             ,
             Myrrh
             ,
             Feathers
             :
             also
             Madera
             ,
             the
             countries
             in
             Africa
             now
             follow
             .
          
           
             Barbary
             is
             bounded
             by
             the
             Mediterranean
             Sea
             northward
             ,
             on
             the
             east
             with
             Egypt
             ,
             on
             the
             south
             with
             the
             Mount
             Atlas
             ,
             and
             westward
             with
             the
             Atlantick
             Ocean
             :
             the
             Inhabitants
             are
             faithless
             ,
             crafty
             in
             promising
             ,
             and
             also
             in
             performing
             ;
             they
             are
             fraudulent
             ,
             covetous
             ,
             and
             beyond
             measure
             jealous
             of
             their
             Wives
             :
             their
             Countrey
             yields
             Olives
             ,
             Figs
             ,
             Dates
             ,
             Oranges
             ,
             and
             a
             certain
             kind
             Goat
             ,
             whose
             hair
             makes
             a
             stuff
             as
             fine
             as
             silk
             .
          
           
             This
             Countrey
             ,
             once
             famous
             for
             the
             strife
             of
             Empire
             with
             Rome
             ,
             while
             Carthage
             stood
             ,
             and
             after
             that
             for
             the
             Iugurthine
             War
             ,
             is
             now
             canton●…zed
             and
             parted
             into
             several
             Principalities
             and
             as
             many
             Feuds
             ,
             betwixt
             the
             Kings
             of
             
               Morocco
               ,
               Fez
               ,
               Tuny
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Dy
             of
             Algier
             ,
             the
             King
             of
             Billedulgerid
             and
             others
             ,
             to
             one
             of
             which
             Sebastian
             King
             of
             Portugal
             being
             invited
             ,
             and
             inviting
             our
             Countryman
             Stukely
             and
             Glorioso
             to
             partake
             with
             him
             in
             the
             Enterprise
             ,
             in
             favour
             of
             an
             expulsed
             Prince
             ,
             were
             all
             three
             of
             them
             killed
             in
             the
             plains
             of
             Alcazar
             ,
             upon
             the
             Death
             of
             which
             
             Sebastian
             issueless
             ,
             hath
             risen
             a
             worse
             Feud
             then
             that
             he
             engaged
             in
             about
             the
             Crown
             of
             Portugal
             .
             Some
             while
             before
             Charles
             the
             Fifth
             ,
             Emperour
             of
             Germany
             ,
             invading
             this
             Countrey
             ,
             took
             the
             City
             of
             Tunis
             ,
             and
             the
             Castle
             Guletto
             :
             but
             the
             Turks
             coming
             with
             Supplies
             ,
             and
             the
             unagreeableness
             of
             the
             Climate
             to
             his
             Europeans
             ,
             joyned
             with
             the
             Witchcrafts
             of
             the
             Moors
             ,
             for
             which
             they
             are
             infamous
             ,
             made
             him
             quit
             his
             design
             and
             return
             home
             with
             loss
             .
             Ever
             since
             they
             have
             continued
             their
             bold
             Depredations
             and
             Piracies
             at
             Sea
             ,
             countenanced
             by
             the
             Grand
             Seigniour
             ,
             who
             receives
             therefore
             ,
             or
             his
             Bashaws
             for
             him
             ,
             good
             part
             of
             the
             spoil
             .
             Some
             kind
             of
             Traffique
             they
             use
             here
             ,
             but
             among
             such
             Thievish
             Companions
             it
             can
             scarce
             be
             call'd
             so
             ,
             though
             there
             are
             good
             Merchandises
             of
             the
             growth
             and
             Manufacture
             of
             the
             Countrey
             .
             So
             that
             it
             may
             properly
             be
             said
             of
             this
             place
             what
             we
             have
             in
             an
             English
             Proverb
             ,
             
               Here
               is
               more
               Cry
               then
               Wooll
               ,
            
             more
             Complaint
             then
             Commerce
             ;
             the
             Captivity
             and
             Slavery
             of
             People
             ,
             and
             the
             Rapine
             of
             their
             Ships
             and
             Goods
             ,
             being
             the
             common
             Lamentation
             of
             all
             Christendom
             .
             Our
             late
             General
             Blake
             terrified
             them
             into
             a
             better
             Comportment
             with
             the
             English
             ,
             by
             his
             noble
             and
             brave
             exploit
             upon
             
               Porto
               Ferino
            
             ,
             where
             he
             burnt
             their
             Ships
             ,
             and
             battered
             down
             their
             Stone
             Castles
             upon
             their
             Heads
             ;
             but
             no
             longer
             pipe
             with
             the
             Musick
             of
             the
             Cannon
             ,
             no
             longer
             would
             they
             dance
             to
             any
             agreement
             ,
             though
             they
             willingly
             
             subscribed
             then
             to
             those
             Termes
             .
             Since
             the
             putting
             of
             Tangier
             into
             English
             Hands
             ,
             and
             the
             attempt
             made
             upon
             Algier
             ,
             the
             very
             Den
             and
             Nest
             of
             these
             Thieves
             ,
             by
             the
             Earl-of
             Sandwich
             ,
             they
             have
             again
             bethought
             themselves
             of
             the
             terrour
             and
             danger
             of
             the
             English
             Power
             ,
             and
             are
             agreed
             to
             new
             Terms
             .
             This
             Tangier
             is
             a
             notable
             Fort
             in
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             Straits
             ,
             and
             may
             serve
             as
             a
             Bridle
             to
             their
             Piracies
             .
             There
             hath
             lately
             an
             Army
             presented
             it self
             before
             it
             ,
             under
             one
             Guyland
             ,
             and
             some
             Skirmishes
             have
             happened
             betwixt
             the
             Garrison
             and
             them
             ,
             but
             another
             Army
             coming
             against
             him
             ,
             he
             being
             but
             a
             Rebel
             to
             his
             Prince
             
               Cidi
               Ali
               Benbucar
            
             ,
             he
             drew
             off
             ,
             and
             is
             Marched
             to
             oppose
             him
             ;
             but
             what
             the
             Event
             will
             be
             ,
             will
             neither
             advance
             nor
             prejudice
             the
             English
             Interest
             ;
             though
             the
             King
             ,
             now
             rebelled
             against
             ,
             seemes
             to
             Court
             our
             Friendship
             .
          
           
             Egypt
             hath
             Idumea
             on
             the
             east
             ,
             and
             the
             Bay
             of
             Arabia
             ;
             on
             the
             west
             
               Barbary
               ,
               Numidia
            
             ,
             and
             part
             of
             Lybia
             ,
             on
             the
             north
             the
             Mediterranean
             Sea
             ,
             on
             the
             south
             Ethiopia
             superior
             ,
             or
             the
             Abassin
             Empire
             .
             It
             containeth
             in
             length
             five
             hundred
             sixty
             two
             Italian
             miles
             ,
             and
             in
             breadth
             one
             hundred
             sixty
             ;
             situated
             under
             the
             second
             and
             fifth
             Climates
             ,
             so
             that
             their
             longest
             day
             in
             Summer
             is
             not
             above
             Thirteen
             Houres
             and
             a
             half
             .
             The
             air
             is
             very
             hot
             and
             offensive
             ;
             the
             soil
             is
             fruitful
             ,
             by
             the
             overflowing
             of
             Nilus
             ;
             it
             hath
             rich
             Pastures
             ,
             wherein
             they
             feed
             great
             store
             of
             Camels
             ,
             Horses
             ,
             Asses
             ,
             Oxen
             ,
             greater
             of
             growth
             
             then
             usually
             in
             most
             places
             else
             :
             and
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             morishness
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             they
             have
             also
             great
             store
             of
             Fouls
             :
             it
             is
             furnished
             with
             great
             plenty
             of
             mettals
             ,
             some
             precious
             stones
             ,
             good
             wines
             ,
             and
             fruits
             ,
             as
             lemmons
             ,
             oranges
             ,
             pomgranets
             ,
             citrons
             ,
             figs
             ,
             cherries
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             these
             ,
             excellent
             both
             for
             taste
             and
             colour
             :
             here
             grow
             the
             Palm-trees
             ,
             which
             alwayes
             grow
             in
             couples
             ,
             the
             male
             and
             female
             :
             both
             thrust
             forth
             cods
             full
             of
             seed
             ,
             but
             the
             female
             alwayes
             fruitful
             ;
             and
             that
             not
             except
             growing
             by
             the
             male
             ,
             and
             having
             his
             seed
             mixed
             with
             hers
             :
             the
             pith
             of
             these
             trees
             is
             an
             excellent
             Sallade
             ,
             better
             then
             an
             hartichoke
             ,
             which
             in
             taste
             it
             doth
             much
             resemble
             ;
             of
             the
             branches
             they
             make
             Bedsteds
             ,
             Lattices
             ,
             &c.
             of
             the
             leaves
             ,
             baskets
             ,
             mats
             ,
             fans
             ,
             &c.
             of
             the
             outward
             husk
             of
             the
             cod
             ,
             cordage
             ;
             of
             the
             inner
             ,
             brushes
             :
             the
             fruit
             it
             bears
             ,
             is
             best
             known
             by
             the
             name
             of
             Dates
             ,
             which
             are
             in
             taste
             like
             figs
             :
             and
             finally
             it
             is
             said
             to
             yield
             whatsoever
             is
             necessary
             to
             the
             life
             of
             man
             :
             it
             is
             the
             nature
             of
             this
             tree
             ,
             though
             never
             so
             ponderous
             a
             weight
             wereput
             upon
             it
             ,
             never
             to
             yield
             to
             the
             burden
             ,
             but
             still
             to
             resist
             the
             heaviness
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             to
             endeavour
             to
             lift
             and
             raise
             it self
             the
             more
             upwards
             ;
             a
             fit
             emblem
             of
             the
             resurrection
             .
             The
             people
             are
             not
             black
             ,
             but
             tawny
             or
             olive-coloured
             ;
             they
             weep
             and
             mourn
             over
             the
             bodies
             of
             their
             dead
             ,
             daubed
             over
             with
             dung
             :
             they
             hold
             it
             a
             great
             impiety
             to
             burn
             or
             bury
             them
             ,
             but
             having
             embalmed
             them
             they
             lay
             them
             in
             some
             inner
             room
             :
             the
             men
             keep
             at
             home
             for
             
             the
             houshold
             business
             ,
             the
             Women
             follow
             merchandise
             and
             affairs
             abroad
             ;
             the
             men
             carry
             burdens
             upon
             their
             heads
             ,
             and
             the
             women
             upon
             their
             shoulders
             :
             a
             witty
             and
             ingenious
             people
             ,
             the
             first
             Inventers
             of
             Geometry
             ,
             Arithmetick
             ,
             Physick
             ,
             Astronomy
             ,
             Necromancy
             ,
             and
             Sorcery
             ,
             yea
             ,
             they
             found
             out
             the
             very
             use
             of
             Letters
             .
             The
             Christians
             among
             them
             differ
             from
             all
             other
             Christians
             ;
             first
             ,
             using
             circumcision
             with
             baptism
             .
             Secondly
             ,
             conferring
             all
             orders
             under
             priesthood
             on
             infants
             immediately
             after
             baptism
             ;
             their
             parents
             till
             they
             come
             to
             sixteen
             years
             of
             age
             ,
             performing
             what
             they
             promised
             in
             their
             behalf
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             chastity
             ,
             fasting
             on
             Wednesday
             and
             Friday
             ,
             and
             the
             four
             Lents
             of
             the
             year
             .
             Thirdly
             ,
             reputing
             baptism
             not
             to
             be
             of
             any
             efficacy
             except
             ministred
             by
             a
             Priest
             in
             the
             open
             Church
             ,
             in
             what
             extremity
             soever
             .
             Fourthly
             ,
             and
             yet
             not
             baptising
             any
             children
             till
             the
             fortieth
             day
             ,
             though
             they
             die
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             .
             Fifthly
             ,
             giving
             the
             Lords
             Supper
             to
             Infants
             as
             soon
             as
             Christned
             .
             Sixthly
             ,
             contracting
             marriages
             in
             the
             second
             degree
             without
             dispensation
             .
             Seventhly
             ,
             not
             observing
             the
             Lords
             day
             ,
             nor
             any
             Festivals
             ,
             except
             in
             cities
             .
             Eighthly
             ,
             reading
             the
             Gospel
             writ
             by
             Nicodemus
             .
             They
             differ
             from
             the
             Papists
             in
             these
             things
             :
             first
             ,
             administring
             the
             Lords
             Supper
             in
             both
             kinds
             :
             secondly
             ,
             with
             leavened
             bread
             :
             thirdly
             ,
             admitting
             neither
             extreme
             unction
             nor
             the
             Lords
             Supper
             to
             those
             that
             are
             sick
             :
             fourthly
             ,
             nor
             Purgatory
             nor
             prayer
             for
             the
             dead
             :
             fifthly
             ,
             nor
             using
             
             elevation
             in
             the
             act
             of
             administring
             :
             and
             sixthly
             ,
             accounting
             the
             Roman
             Church
             for
             heretical
             ,
             and
             esteeming
             the
             Latines
             no
             better
             then
             the
             Jews
             .
          
           
             This
             Kingdom
             of
             Aegypt
             ,
             was
             a
             long
             while
             possessed
             by
             the
             Mamalukes
             a
             kind
             of
             Stratocracy
             or
             Army-power
             ,
             such
             as
             we
             had
             lately
             in
             England
             by
             Red-coats
             and
             Protector
             ;
             the
             Sultan
             was
             always
             elected
             by
             the
             souldiery
             ,
             who
             chose
             always
             one
             out
             of
             themselves
             ;
             the
             last
             of
             that
             Dignity
             was
             Tomombejus
             ,
             who
             being
             defeated
             by
             
               Sultan
               Selymus
            
             some
             260
             years
             ago
             ,
             was
             taken
             in
             Grand
             Cayro
             ,
             whither
             he
             fled
             out
             of
             the
             field
             ,
             and
             had
             made
             a
             brave
             defence
             by
             barricading
             the
             streets
             ,
             for
             three
             days
             ;
             He
             continued
             not
             long
             in
             a
             condition
             of
             Captivity
             ,
             for
             he
             was
             hanged
             at
             his
             Prison
             Door
             ,
             and
             exposed
             to
             the
             view
             of
             the
             Egyptians
             ,
             as
             a
             spectacle
             of
             the
             Vanity
             of
             humane
             greatness
             .
             By
             this
             Selymus
             this
             Kingdom
             was
             reduced
             into
             a
             province
             ,
             where
             one
             of
             the
             principal
             Bashawes
             keeps
             Court
             ,
             in
             great
             state
             :
             His
             Government
             being
             the
             richest
             in
             all
             the
             Turkish
             Dominions
             ,
             from
             whence
             yearly
             many
             ships
             lading
             of
             wealth
             is
             brought
             to
             Constantinople
             ,
             which
             is
             alwayes
             way-laid
             by
             some
             Gallies
             of
             Malta
             or
             Florence
             ,
             but
             of
             late
             years
             with
             little
             success
             ,
             they
             come
             so
             strongly
             guarded
             ;
             and
             if
             they
             fear
             any
             danger
             ,
             have
             all
             the
             Coast
             of
             
               Cyprus
               ,
               Rhodes
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Continent
             to
             Friend
             .
             The
             Bashawes
             are
             sent
             thither
             as
             Spunges
             ,
             for
             when
             they
             have
             sucked
             an
             
             incredible
             treasure
             by
             pilling
             ,
             fraud
             ,
             and
             rapine
             ;
             they
             are
             sent
             for
             home
             and
             are
             squeezed
             to
             their
             skins
             ,
             which
             sometimes
             they
             are
             forced
             to
             part
             with
             to
             boot
             .
          
           
             There
             hath
             been
             no
             change
             but
             of
             the
             Governours
             ever
             since
             the
             Conquest
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             which
             is
             usual
             with
             other
             Bashawes
             ,
             as
             namely
             those
             of
             Aleppo
             ,
             who
             do
             often
             rebel
             and
             threaten
             the
             Grand
             Seigniour
             ,
             so
             that
             at
             present
             the
             Egyptians
             continue
             in
             the
             same
             obedience
             and
             dumb
             slavery
             to
             which
             they
             have
             been
             so
             long
             accustomed
             ,
             changing
             in
             this
             Turkish
             Tyranny
             ,
             the
             names
             ,
             not
             the
             nature
             thereof
             ,
             from
             that
             they
             suffered
             under
             the
             Mamalukes
             .
          
           
             Mount
             Atlas
             is
             a
             ridge
             of
             hills
             ,
             of
             exceeding
             height
             ,
             and
             of
             no
             small
             length
             :
             it
             is
             above
             the
             clouds
             ,
             and
             is
             always
             covered
             with
             snow
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             summer
             ,
             full
             of
             thick
             woods
             ;
             and
             against
             Africa
             so
             fruitful
             ,
             that
             it
             affords
             excellent
             fruits
             of
             its
             natural
             growth
             ,
             not
             planted
             ,
             grafted
             ,
             or
             inoculated
             with
             the
             hand
             of
             man.
             
          
           
             Lybia
             hath
             mount
             Atlas
             on
             the
             north
             ,
             by
             which
             it
             is
             parted
             from
             Barbary
             and
             Asrenaca
             ,
             on
             the
             east
             with
             
               Lybia
               ,
               Marmarica
            
             interposed
             betwixt
             it
             and
             Egypt
             ,
             and
             part
             of
             
               Ethiopia
               superior
            
             ,
             or
             the
             Abassine
             Empire
             ,
             on
             the
             south
             with
             
               Ethiopia
               inferior
            
             ,
             and
             the
             land
             of
             Negroes
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             west
             with
             the
             main
             Atlantick
             Ocean
             ;
             the
             countrey
             abounds
             with
             dates
             ,
             the
             chief
             diet
             of
             the
             people
             ,
             which
             commonly
             rotteth
             out
             their
             teeth
             :
             
             their
             Goats
             they
             feed
             with
             the
             stones
             ,
             wherewith
             they
             grow
             fat
             ,
             and
             yield
             store
             of
             Milk
             ;
             the
             Air
             is
             so
             sound
             ,
             that
             it
             cureth
             the
             French
             Pox
             without
             any
             Physick
             ;
             the
             Inhabitants
             are
             base
             and
             vile
             People
             ,
             Thieves
             ,
             Murderers
             ,
             Treacherous
             ,
             and
             ignorant
             of
             all
             things
             ,
             feeding
             most
             on
             Dates
             ,
             Barley
             ,
             and
             Carrion
             ,
             counting
             Bread
             a
             diet
             for
             Holidayes
             ;
             their
             Garments
             of
             the
             coarsest
             Cloth
             ,
             so
             short
             ,
             that
             they
             cover
             not
             half
             the
             body
             ;
             the
             richer
             sort
             wear
             a
             Jacket
             of
             blew
             Cotton
             with
             great
             Sleeves
             ,
             they
             ride
             upon
             Camels
             without
             Stirrup
             or
             Saddle
             :
             a
             Leather
             thrust
             through
             an
             hole
             made
             in
             the
             nose
             of
             the
             Camel
             ,
             serves
             them
             for
             a
             Bridle
             ,
             and
             to
             save
             Spurs
             ,
             they
             use
             a
             Goade
             ;
             their
             Religion
             is
             Mahometisme
             .
          
           
             The
             land
             of
             Negro's
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             east
             with
             
               Ethiopia
               superior
            
             ,
             on
             the
             west
             with
             the
             Atlantick
             Ocean
             ,
             on
             the
             north
             with
             
               Lybia
               Deserta
            
             ,
             and
             the
             south
             with
             the
             Ethiopick
             Ocean
             ,
             and
             part
             of
             
               Ethiopia
               inferior
            
             :
             the
             Country
             very
             hot
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             situation
             under
             the
             Torrid
             Zone
             ,
             yet
             very
             well
             inhabited
             ,
             full
             of
             People
             ,
             and
             in
             some
             places
             alwayes
             grassy
             ;
             well
             watered
             ,
             specially
             where
             the
             River
             N●…ger
             overfloweth
             ;
             well
             stored
             with
             Corn
             ,
             Cattel
             ,
             and
             Garden
             ware
             ,
             well
             wooded
             ,
             having
             store
             of
             Beasts
             wilde
             and
             tame
             ;
             they
             want
             fruit
             Trees
             ;
             they
             have
             both
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             Mines
             very
             pure
             ;
             the
             Inhabitants
             are
             of
             little
             wit
             ,
             and
             destitute
             of
             all
             Arts
             and
             Sciences
             ,
             prone
             to
             Luxury
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             most
             part
             Mahomeans
             .
          
           
           
             
               Ethiopia
               superior
            
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             east
             with
             the
             Red
             Sea
             ,
             and
             the
             
               Sinus
               Barbaricus
            
             ,
             on
             the
             west
             with
             
               Lybia
               inferiour
            
             ;
             the
             Realm
             of
             Nubia
             in
             the
             Land
             of
             Negroes
             ,
             and
             part
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Congo
             in
             the
             other
             Ethiopia
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             north
             with
             Egypt
             ,
             and
             
               Lybia
               Marmarica
            
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             south
             on
             the
             Mountains
             of
             the
             Moon
             :
             it
             is
             in
             length
             a
             thousand
             five
             hundred
             miles
             ;
             in
             breadth
             half
             as
             much
             .
             The
             religion
             of
             the
             people
             is
             ,
             they
             use
             to
             circumcise
             their
             children
             both
             males
             and
             females
             .
             Secondly
             they
             baptise
             the
             males
             at
             forty
             ,
             and
             the
             Females
             eighty
             dayes
             after
             Circumcision
             .
             Thirdly
             ,
             after
             the
             Lords
             Supper
             they
             are
             not
             to
             spit
             till
             the
             Sun-set
             .
             Fourthly
             ,
             they
             professe
             but
             one
             nature
             and
             one
             will
             in
             Christ.
             Fifthly
             ,
             they
             accept
             only
             the
             three
             first
             generall
             Councils
             .
             Sixthly
             ,
             their
             Priests
             live
             by
             the
             labour
             of
             their
             own
             hands
             ,
             for
             they
             allow
             them
             nothing
             ,
             nor
             permit
             them
             to
             beg
             .
             Seventhly
             ,
             they
             baptize
             themselves
             every
             Epiphany
             in
             lakes
             and
             ponds
             ,
             because
             that
             day
             they
             suppose
             Christ
             to
             have
             been
             baptized
             of
             Iohn
             in
             Iordan
             .
             Eightly
             ,
             they
             eat
             not
             of
             those
             beasts
             which
             in
             the
             old
             Law
             are
             reckoned
             for
             unclean
             .
             Ninthly
             ,
             and
             they
             keep
             the
             Jews
             Sabbath
             equally
             solemn
             with
             the
             Lords
             day
             Tenthly
             ,
             they
             minister
             the
             Lords
             Supper
             to
             Infants
             presently
             after
             baptisme
             .
             Eleventhly
             ,
             they
             teach
             the
             reasonable
             soul
             of
             man
             is
             derived
             from
             the
             parents
             by
             seminal
             propagation
             .
             Twelfthly
             ,
             that
             Insants
             dying
             unbaptized
             ,
             are
             sanctified
             in
             the
             
             womb
             by
             vertue
             of
             the
             Lords
             Supper
             received
             by
             the
             mother
             after
             her
             conception
             .
             And
             finally
             they
             shew
             a
             Book
             of
             eight
             volumes
             ,
             writ
             as
             they
             say
             ,
             by
             the
             Apostles
             assembled
             at
             Ierusalem
             for
             that
             purpose
             ;
             the
             contents
             thereof
             they
             observe
             most
             solemnly
             ,
             and
             they
             differ
             from
             the
             Papists
             as
             the
             Christians
             in
             Egypt
             :
             they
             are
             under
             the
             Government
             of
             
               Prester
               Iohn
            
             and
             the
             Turk
             .
          
           
             I
             pass
             by
             
               Ethiopia
               inferior
            
             ,
             the
             people
             being
             Pagans
             where
             we
             may
             observe
             the
             distinguishing
             goodness
             and
             grace
             of
             God
             ,
             who
             by
             people
             under
             the
             same
             climate
             and
             Region
             is
             known
             and
             unknown
             ;
             a
             peculiar
             Kingdom
             ,
             surrounded
             every
             where
             with
             Pagans
             and
             Mahometans
             ,
             worshipping
             the
             living
             God
             ,
             and
             believing
             in
             Christ
             though
             erring
             in
             many
             circumstantials
             of
             Orthodox
             Doctrine
             ,
             imputable
             chiefly
             to
             remedilesse
             Tradition
             .
             This
             is
             the
             Abassine
             Empire
             ,
             from
             whence
             the
             Eunuch
             (
             that
             was
             converted
             by
             St.
             Philip
             )
             the
             Treasurer
             to
             Queen
             Candace
             came
             ,
             and
             which
             is
             now
             the
             Realm
             and
             Dominions
             of
             
               Prester
               Iohn
            
             ,
             a
             Prince
             of
             large
             Territory
             ,
             but
             of
             scant
             and
             narrow
             fame
             for
             any
             atchievment
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             supposed
             more
             beholding
             to
             credulous
             reports
             for
             his
             Greatness
             than
             any
             real
             existence
             thereof
             .
             However
             he
             serves
             with
             others
             to
             fill
             up
             that
             great
             Desart
             ,
             and
             truly
             
               Terra
               Incognita
            
             of
             the
             world
             (
             the
             curiosity
             of
             travel
             being
             no
             way
             competent
             to
             the
             danger
             among
             such
             inhospitable
             and
             savage
             people
             )
             as
             that
             quarter
             does
             the
             Map
             
             to
             idle
             or
             no
             purpose
             ,
             and
             therefore
             it
             shall
             take
             up
             no
             further
             room
             for
             the
             Description
             of
             it
             ,
             we
             will
             only
             touch
             a
             little
             upon
             the
             Southern
             Coast
             ,
             where
             we
             are
             concerned
             in
             matter
             of
             Trade
             .
          
           
             Guinea
             stretching
             all
             along
             the
             South-west
             Shore
             of
             the
             Atlantick
             Sea
             ,
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             North
             and
             East
             with
             Lybia
             ,
             famous
             for
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             hidden
             in
             the
             Bowells
             of
             some
             of
             its
             inland
             Mountains
             ,
             for
             which
             it
             is
             very
             much
             traffiqued
             by
             all
             the
             European
             Nations
             ,
             even
             the
             
               Swedes
               ,
               Danes
            
             ,
             and
             Dantzickers
             ,
             though
             lockt
             up
             by
             a
             dangerous
             Sea
             at
             home
             :
             such
             is
             the
             sacred
             thirst
             of
             that
             Mettal
             ,
             that
             through
             all
             hazzards
             and
             difficulties
             it
             is
             attempted
             .
             The
             Hollander
             ,
             to
             secure
             his
             footing
             there
             ,
             and
             to
             make
             a
             propriety
             ,
             hath
             built
             several
             Forts
             ,
             and
             established
             a
             
             Guinea-Company
             in
             imitation
             of
             the
             English
             ,
             who
             justly
             claim
             the
             right
             possession
             ,
             being
             the
             first
             discoverers
             ,
             and
             that
             made
             Essay
             of
             the
             place
             ,
             and
             are
             still
             better
             liked
             and
             entertained
             by
             the
             Natives
             then
             the
             Dutch
             are
             .
             Since
             His
             Majesties
             Restitution
             they
             have
             quitted
             and
             delivered
             several
             Forts
             built
             upon
             the
             passage
             into
             the
             Countrey
             to
             the
             English
             Fleet
             ,
             sent
             thither
             to
             settle
             the
             Trade
             and
             former
             Factory
             according
             to
             its
             former
             Regulation
             .
          
           
             Here
             may
             not
             be
             omitted
             that
             little
             spot
             of
             earth
             lying
             in
             the
             Mediterranean
             Sea
             ,
             the
             Isle
             of
             
             Malta
             ,
             which
             by
             Geographers
             is
             reckoned
             as
             part
             of
             Africa
             ,
             for
             no
             greater
             reason
             I
             suppose
             then
             St.
             Pauls
             character
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             upon
             his
             Shipwrack
             there
             in
             his
             Voyage
             to
             Rome
             ,
             where
             he
             calleth
             them
             Barbarians
             ,
             a
             term
             appropriate
             to
             the
             adjacent
             Continent
             ;
             for
             ,
             this
             Island
             is
             scituated
             South
             from
             Sicily
             ,
             from
             whence
             it
             is
             not
             half
             so
             far
             disjoyned
             as
             from
             the
             Coast
             of
             Africa
             ;
             and
             is
             the
             Diamond
             to
             that
             large
             circumference
             .
             It
             is
             very
             notable
             for
             the
             famous
             repulse
             and
             defeat
             of
             the
             Turkish
             Armado
             about
             1490.
             being
             besieged
             by
             Sea
             by
             
               Mustapha
               B●…ssa
            
             ,
             when
             
               Mounsieur
               de
               Valette
            
             a
             Frenchman
             ,
             was
             grand
             Master
             ,
             in
             honour
             of
             whom
             and
             their
             deliverance
             ,
             they
             have
             built
             and
             called
             their
             chief
             City
             Valette
             .
             The
             Knights
             that
             are
             called
             of
             this
             place
             ,
             were
             formerly
             of
             Rhodes
             (
             which
             Solyman
             the
             Great
             ,
             conquered
             )
             and
             from
             thence
             setled
             here
             .
             To
             this
             Order
             ,
             none
             but
             Gentlemen
             of
             three
             Descents
             are
             admitted
             ,
             and
             must
             be
             Papists
             .
             The
             whole
             Order
             consisted
             of
             Seven
             Colledges
             ,
             
               French
               ,
               Spaniards
               ,
               Germans
               ,
               Italians
               ,
               English
               ,
               Portugals
               ,
            
             and
             S●…voyrards
             ;
             but
             since
             the
             Reformation
             in
             England
             ,
             we
             have
             had
             none
             of
             the
             Order
             ,
             which
             mindes
             me
             of
             a
             Speech
             of
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             concerning
             forreign
             Honours
             conferred
             on
             some
             of
             her
             subjects
             ;
             
               That
               she
               would
               have
               her
               Sheep
               to
               be
               known
               by
               her
               own
            
             Brand.
             It
             continues
             at
             present
             in
             
               Statu
               quo
            
             ,
             a
             great
             vexation
             and
             terrour
             to
             the
             Turkish
             Navigation
             ,
             with
             whom
             they
             are
             to
             
             be
             at
             perpetual
             Enmity
             by
             their
             vow
             of
             Knighthood
             .
          
           
             And
             thus
             much
             may
             suffice
             to
             be
             spoken
             of
             Africa
             ,
             we
             will
             next
             Enumerate
             the
             perticular
             Cities
             and
             Rivers
             .
          
           
             
             
               The
               chiefest
               Cities
               of
               Africa
               ,
               with
               the
               names
               of
               the
               Rivers
               ,
               which
               are
               there
               most
               famous
               .
            
             
               IN
               Barbary
               which
               containeth
               the
               Kingdoms
               of
               
                 Fez
                 ,
                 Morocco
                 ,
                 Tremiser
                 ,
                 Algeir
                 ,
                 Tunis
                 ,
                 Tripoli
                 ,
              
               and
               Barca
               ,
               there
               are
               the
               famous
               Cities
               
                 Morocco
                 ,
                 Fez
                 ,
                 Tangier
                 ,
                 Telensin
                 ,
                 Oran
                 ,
                 Algeir
                 ,
                 Constantine
                 ,
                 Tunis
                 ,
                 Tripoli
                 ,
              
               and
               Barca
               .
            
             
               The
               Rivers
               there
               most
               famous
               are
               the
               Tensife
               ,
               the
               Ommiraby
               ,
               and
               the
               River
               of
               
                 Cebus
                 ,
                 Mulvia
                 ,
                 Rio
                 Major
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               Magrida
               .
            
             
               In
               Belledulgered
               ,
               which
               containeth
               the
               Kingdoms
               of
               
                 Suz
                 ,
                 Daza
                 ,
                 Sagelmosse
                 ,
                 Tegorarin
                 ,
                 Biledulgerid
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               Desart
               of
               Barca
               :
               there
               are
               these
               famous
               Cities
               ,
               
                 Taradante
                 ,
                 Dara
                 ,
                 Segelmoss
                 ,
                 Tegorarin
                 ,
                 Zeb
                 ,
                 Billedulgerid
                 :
              
               the
               chiefest
               Rivers
               are
               the
               River
               of
               Sur
               ,
               the
               River
               of
               Darba
               ,
               and
               the
               Ghir
               .
            
             
               In
               Egypt
               are
               the
               famous
               Cities
               of
               
                 Sabod
                 ,
                 Cairo
                 ,
                 Alexandria
                 ,
                 Rascha
                 ,
              
               or
               
                 Rosesta
                 ,
                 Damiett●…
                 ,
                 Cosir
              
               ,
               
               and
               Surs
               :
               the
               renowned
               River
               is
               the
               River
               of
               Nilus
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               desert
               of
               Zaara
               are
               these
               memorable
               cities
               ,
               
                 Zauhaga
                 ,
                 Zuenzera
                 ,
                 Targa
                 ,
                 Lemta
                 ,
                 Berdoa
                 ,
                 Gaoga
              
               and
               Borno
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               Country
               of
               the
               Negroes
               ,
               are
               these
               remarkable
               Cities
               ,
               
                 Gue
                 ,
                 Eata
                 ,
                 Gueneha
                 ,
                 Tombu
                 ,
                 Agados
                 ,
                 Cano
                 ,
                 Cassena
                 ,
                 Gangara
                 ,
                 Tula
                 ,
                 Catan
                 ,
              
               or
               
                 Senega
                 ,
                 Guinala
                 ,
                 Beria
                 ,
                 Melli
                 ,
                 Songo
                 ,
                 Gago
                 ,
                 Wuber
                 ,
                 Zegzog
                 ,
              
               and
               Sanfara
               :
               the
               rivers
               here
               that
               are
               most
               famous
               ,
               are
               ,
               
                 Sernoga
                 ,
                 Gambaea
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Rio
                 Degrand
              
               .
            
             
               In
               Gniomy
               are
               these
               famous
               Towns
               ,
               Serze-Lionne
               ,
               or
               Cachieu
               ,
               Saint
               
                 George
                 De
                 la
                 Mine
              
               ,
               and
               Benin
               .
            
             
               In
               Nubia
               are
               these
               remarkable
               Cities
               ,
               
                 Gorham
                 ,
                 Cusam
                 ,
                 Nubia
                 ,
                 Dancala
                 ,
                 Iulac
                 ,
                 Bugiha
                 ,
                 Canfila
                 ,
              
               and
               Dafila
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               upper
               Ethiopia
               ,
               which
               containeth
               the
               Kingdomes
               of
               
                 Barnegus
                 ,
                 Tigremahon
                 ,
                 Amara
                 ,
                 Damont
                 ,
                 Cafatos
                 ,
                 Innari
                 ,
                 Gogame
                 ,
                 Baga
                 ,
                 Medri
                 ,
                 Meroe
                 ,
                 Ximenchi
                 ,
              
               and
               Dambaea
               :
               There
               are
               these
               famous
               Cities
               ,
               
                 Barone
                 ,
                 Caxumo
                 ,
                 Amara
                 ,
                 Damont
                 ,
                 Gefates
                 ,
                 Narre
                 ,
                 Goyame
                 ,
              
               and
               Adeghena
               :
               the
               Rivers
               which
               are
               here
               most
               memorable
               ,
               are
               ,
               the
               Rivers
               of
               Zaire
               ,
               and
               Quilmanci
               .
            
             
               In
               that
               part
               which
               is
               called
               Zanguebar
               ,
               are
               these
               remarkable
               Cities
               ,
               
                 Dambea
                 ,
                 Mosambique●…
                 ,
                 Quiloa
                 ,
                 Monbaze
                 ,
                 Melinda
                 .
              
               On
               the
               side
               of
               Aian
               ,
               are
               ,
               
                 Brav●…
                 ,
                 Magadaxo
                 ,
                 Adea
                 ,
                 Adel.
              
               On
               the
               side
               of
               
                 Abex
                 ,
                 Erocco
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Arquico
                 ,
                 Su●…quem
                 ,
                 Biafra
              
               .
            
             
             
               In
               the
               lower
               Ethiopia
               ,
               which
               comprehendeth
               
                 Congo
                 ,
                 Caffrare
              
               ,
               and
               Monomotepa
               ,
               are
               the
               famous
               Cities
               of
               
                 Banza
                 Loanga
              
               ,
               S.
               
                 Salvador
                 ,
                 Cabazze
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Dongo
                 ,
                 Safula
                 ,
                 Simbaos
              
               ,
               or
               Messapa
               ,
               and
               Butua
               ,
               and
               Tang
               ,
               or
               Tete
               :
               the
               Rivers
               are
               
                 Cuana
                 ,
                 Spiritu
                 Sancto
              
               ,
               and
               the
               River
               
                 Dos
                 infantes
              
               .
            
             
               In
               Africa
               are
               divers
               other
               Islands
               besides
               Malta
               :
               In
               the
               Western
               Ocean
               ,
               the
               Canaries
               ,
               the
               
                 Cape
                 Verd
              
               ,
               and
               the
               Isle
               of
               Saint
               Thomas
               :
               the
               chiefest
               in
               the
               Canaries
               is
               called
               Saint
               Iago
               ;
               and
               in
               Saint
               
                 Thomas
                 ,
                 Panoasan
              
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               Eastern
               Ocean
               there
               is
               the
               Isle
               of
               Madagascar
               ,
               or
               Saint
               Laurence
               ;
               and
               the
               Isle
               of
               Zocotora
               ,
               which
               hath
               a
               City
               after
               her
               own
               name
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             America
             .
          
           
             THE
             Vain
             and
             Ambitious
             lamentation
             of
             Great
             Alexander
             ,
             had
             he
             extended
             his
             Life
             to
             the
             same
             prodigious
             length
             as
             he
             did
             his
             victorious
             Arms
             ,
             might
             have
             found
             new
             Worlds
             to
             conquer
             ,
             when
             he
             might
             have
             past
             from
             his
             Conquest
             of
             the
             Sea
             of
             the
             East
             ,
             to
             the
             Shore
             of
             the
             West-Indies
             .
             It
             hath
             been
             observed
             by
             those
             that
             have
             curiously
             calculated
             the
             rise
             ,
             growth
             ,
             and
             perfection
             of
             Arts
             and
             Learning
             ,
             that
             they
             have
             alwayes
             followed
             the
             fortune
             of
             Arms
             and
             Empire
             ,
             which
             having
             traversed
             the
             East
             ,
             and
             verged
             Westward
             to
             Grecia
             setled
             in
             the
             Roman
             Greatnesse
             among
             the
             rest
             of
             those
             Arts
             ,
             Astronomy
             ,
             and
             Geometry
             ,
             and
             the
             product
             of
             those
             Navigations
             ,
             have
             been
             by
             the
             Europeans
             highly
             improved
             ,
             who
             scorning
             the
             pusillanimity
             of
             former
             Ages
             ,
             that
             crept
             in
             their
             Vessels
             by
             the
             Shore
             ,
             have
             adventured
             into
             the
             dangerous
             Main
             ,
             and
             by
             skilfull
             presumption
             have
             discovered
             new
             Lands
             ,
             and
             so
             far
             advanced
             the
             knowledge
             of
             them
             by
             frequent
             Voyages
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             concluded
             ,
             so
             far
             as
             Sea
             and
             Land
             is
             passable
             there
             can
             be
             no
             other
             Countries
             undiscoverable
             .
             Since
             which
             fortunate
             adventures
             ,
             the
             course
             of
             the
             World
             and
             Governments
             have
             been
             altered
             ,
             for
             Empire
             hath
             followed
             Arts
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             the
             discovery
             of
             those
             Treasures
             and
             Mines
             which
             innocent
             
             Nature
             had
             so
             long
             obscured
             ,
             and
             hidden
             from
             these
             parts
             of
             the
             World
             ;
             For
             ,
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             being
             possest
             of
             these
             Mines
             ,
             as
             we
             shall
             see
             presently
             ,
             a
             wonder
             it
             is
             how
             formidable
             he
             grew
             ,
             and
             to
             what
             greatness
             he
             arose
             ,
             even
             to
             the
             aspiring
             ambition
             of
             an
             Universal
             Monarchy
             ;
             disdaining
             to
             be
             numbered
             the
             Fifth
             (
             the
             other
             Four
             being
             indeed
             but
             partly
             so
             )
             whereas
             this
             aimed
             to
             be
             one
             and
             all
             :
             and
             
               Thomas
               de
               Campanella
            
             ,
             a
             Learned
             Iesuit
             ,
             hath
             written
             a
             very
             elaborate
             Tract
             ,
             shewing
             the
             means
             and
             feisible
             wayes
             thereunto
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             Discoverer
             of
             this
             Fourth
             part
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             was
             
               Christopher
               Columbus
            
             ,
             a
             Genoese
             ;
             who
             ,
             having
             studied
             Geometry
             ,
             and
             been
             bred
             at
             Sea
             ,
             had
             more
             then
             strong
             imaginations
             ,
             that
             there
             were
             great
             and
             vast
             Regions
             to
             the
             Westward
             of
             Europe
             ;
             and
             thereupon
             communicated
             the
             Project
             to
             several
             Merchants
             :
             who
             ,
             unwilling
             ,
             or
             unable
             to
             hazard
             so
             much
             Money
             as
             was
             requisite
             to
             such
             an
             undertaking
             ,
             advised
             him
             to
             address
             himself
             to
             some
             Prince
             ,
             whose
             Dominions
             were
             accommodated
             to
             the
             Design
             ,
             if
             it
             did
             succeed
             ;
             by
             whom
             he
             might
             be
             set
             forth
             upon
             the
             Voyage
             :
             which
             he
             so
             importunately
             prosecuted
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             natural
             with
             all
             Men
             ,
             who
             fancy
             to
             themselves
             a
             single
             and
             sure
             way
             to
             Honour
             and
             Profit
             .
             VVhereupon
             he
             addressed
             himself
             first
             to
             our
             King
             Henry
             the
             Seventh
             ,
             and
             laid
             open
             to
             him
             and
             his
             Council
             the
             fair
             possibilities
             of
             the
             Design
             ,
             and
             the
             advantages
             which
             would
             
             thence
             accrue
             to
             this
             Crown
             ,
             being
             so
             conveniently
             scituated
             for
             that
             Navigation
             :
             King
             Henry
             heard
             him
             ,
             but
             gave
             little
             credit
             to
             his
             Discourses
             ,
             affecting
             a
             secure
             Exchequer
             ,
             which
             he
             had
             unknown
             wayes
             (
             before
             )
             to
             fill
             ,
             beyond
             the
             uncertain
             hopes
             of
             unknown
             Mines
             ,
             which
             ,
             like
             the
             Philosophers
             Stone
             might
             have
             no
             other
             existence
             than
             in
             projection
             .
             He
             then
             made
             offer
             of
             this
             his
             service
             to
             Ferdinand
             King
             of
             Arragon
             and
             Castile
             ,
             a
             wise
             and
             prudent
             Prince
             ;
             who
             publickly
             weighing
             the
             small
             charge
             against
             the
             exceeding
             Honour
             and
             Gain
             ,
             consented
             to
             His
             desires
             ,
             and
             furnished
             him
             with
             fifteen
             Ships
             ,
             Men
             ,
             and
             Victuals
             for
             the
             Vovage
             ,
             giving
             him
             Commission
             and
             Authority
             in
             his
             name
             ,
             to
             pursue
             the
             adventure
             .
          
           
             Our
             Chronicles
             indeed
             report
             ,
             that
             after
             this
             fruitless
             proffer
             ,
             which
             was
             in
             the
             year
             ,
             1488.
             
             King
             Henry
             gavea
             Commission
             to
             one
             
               Iohn
               Canb●…t
            
             ,
             and
             his
             three
             Sons
             ,
             
               Sebastian
               ,
               Lewis
            
             ,
             and
             
               Santius
               ;
               Iohn
            
             and
             Sebastian
             setting
             Sail
             ,
             ranged
             a
             great
             part
             of
             this
             unknown
             Land
             in
             one
             thousand
             four
             hundred
             ninety
             and
             seven
             ,
             which
             Columbus
             had
             only
             touched
             in
             1492
             ,
             and
             it
             was
             1498
             ere
             he
             saw
             the
             continent
             .
             
               Americus
               Vesputius
            
             came
             long
             after
             ,
             though
             the
             whole
             Continent
             ,
             at
             this
             day
             is
             called
             America
             after
             his
             own
             name
             .
             This
             Sebastian
             discovered
             more
             than
             them
             all
             ,
             and
             was
             therefore
             Knighted
             by
             K.
             Henry
             the
             Eighth
             ,
             who
             made
             him
             grand
             Pilot
             of
             England
             ,
             with
             a
             pension
             of
             166
             l.
             13
             s.
             6
             d.
             yearly
             ,
             but
             the
             Spanish
             Seizure
             
             and
             Landing
             prepossessing
             the
             Countrey
             ,
             we
             got
             nothing
             there
             ,
             more
             then
             our
             pains
             for
             our
             labour
             till
             a
             great
             while
             after
             .
          
           
             For
             it
             was
             almost
             100
             years
             after
             ,
             before
             we
             set
             footing
             in
             any
             part
             thereof
             .
             The
             first
             that
             promoted
             it
             was
             Sir
             
               Walter
               Rawleigh
            
             in
             1584.
             who
             with
             Letters
             Patents
             ,
             assisted
             by
             Sir
             
               Richard
               Greenvile
            
             ,
             great
             Unckle
             to
             the
             now
             Earl
             of
             Bath
             ,
             and
             other
             Gentlemen
             ,
             set
             out
             two
             ships
             from
             the
             Thames
             ,
             who
             in
             less
             then
             three
             Moneths
             time
             ,
             by
             an
             undue
             course
             to
             the
             Southward
             ,
             passing
             the
             Canaries
             ,
             fell
             in
             with
             the
             Coast
             of
             Florida
             ,
             and
             entring
             there
             into
             Harbour
             (
             after
             they
             had
             sailed
             an
             hundred
             and
             twenty
             miles
             in
             sight
             of
             land
             )
             they
             took
             possession
             of
             it
             for
             the
             Queens
             Majesty
             ,
             which
             from
             the
             tops
             of
             the
             Hills
             beholding
             the
             Sea
             on
             both
             sides
             ,
             they
             reputed
             to
             be
             an
             Island
             ,
             which
             they
             named
             Florida
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             flowery
             green
             soyl
             ,
             and
             flourishing
             herbage
             .
             The
             Continent
             was
             then
             called
             by
             the
             
               Salvages
               ,
               Wegan●…aca
            
             ;
             but
             afterwards
             upon
             the
             return
             of
             the
             Fleet
             ,
             Her
             Majesty
             was
             pleased
             to
             honour
             it
             with
             her
             own
             unmarried
             State
             ,
             and
             to
             call
             it
             Virginia
             ,
             the
             first
             Governour
             thereof
             being
             Mr.
             
               Ralph
               Lane.
            
             Hither
             ,
             during
             the
             aboad
             of
             the
             English
             that
             were
             left
             ,
             while
             the
             Ships
             returned
             ,
             came
             Sir
             
               Francis
               Drake
            
             ,
             and
             seeing
             the
             men
             in
             distress
             ,
             lent
             the
             Governour
             and
             them
             a
             ship
             to
             carry
             them
             home
             .
             The
             next
             were
             those
             in
             1485
             that
             came
             with
             Sir
             
               Richard
               Greenvile
            
             from
             Plimonth
             with
             seven
             sail
             ,
             who
             
             in
             a
             Months
             time
             came
             to
             St.
             Domingo
             in
             Hispaniola
             ;
             and
             within
             a
             fortnight
             after
             ,
             anchored
             at
             Florida
             ;
             and
             in
             1586.
             
             Sir
             
               Richard
               Greenvile
            
             came
             again
             ,
             but
             the
             Colony
             he
             had
             left
             were
             all
             killed
             :
             so
             he
             returned
             ,
             and
             sent
             Mr.
             White
             ,
             who
             made
             a
             successeful
             Voyage
             ,
             and
             was
             Governour
             there
             ;
             who
             ,
             returning
             into
             England
             ,
             and
             leaving
             another
             Colony
             ,
             they
             were
             all
             destroyed
             at
             his
             coming
             again
             :
             which
             so
             dis-heartned
             all
             further
             undertakings
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             twelve
             years
             before
             another
             Voyage
             was
             begun
             ,
             under
             Captain
             Gosnol
             ,
             in
             the
             year
             1602.
             who
             ,
             passing
             by
             the
             Azores
             ,
             made
             the
             Voyage
             shorter
             by
             500.
             
             Leagues
             ,
             which
             was
             also
             seconded
             by
             two
             Barks
             from
             Bristoll
             1603.
             and
             another
             from
             London
             1605.
             
             But
             still
             no
             convenient
             Harbour
             for
             Ships
             ,
             nor
             Security
             for
             the
             Men
             that
             should
             stay
             there
             was
             yet
             found
             ,
             till
             the
             Arrival
             of
             Capt.
             Smith
             in
             1606.
             
          
           
             Virginia
             is
             seated
             between
             the
             degrees
             of
             34.
             and
             45.
             
             North
             Latitude
             ;
             the
             Bounds
             thereof
             on
             the
             East-side
             are
             the
             great
             Ocean
             ;
             on
             the
             South
             lieth
             Florida
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             
               Nova
               Francia
            
             :
             as
             for
             the
             VVest
             thereof
             the
             limits
             are
             unknown
             .
             The
             English
             Plantations
             ,
             as
             they
             were
             in
             that
             year
             1606.
             were
             under
             the
             degrees
             of
             35
             ,
             38.
             and
             39.
             the
             temperature
             thereof
             agreeing
             very
             well
             with
             the
             English
             Constitution
             .
             The
             Summer
             is
             as
             hot
             as
             in
             Spain
             :
             the
             Winter
             as
             cold
             as
             in
             France
             ,
             or
             in
             England
             .
             The
             Heat
             of
             Summer
             is
             in
             
               Iune
               ,
               Iu●…y
            
             ,
             and
             August
             ;
             but
             the
             constant
             breezes
             at
             that
             time
             of
             the
             year
             ,
             do
             much
             allay
             its
             vehemency
             .
             
             The
             extreme
             cold
             of
             the
             Winter
             is
             ,
             half
             
               December
               ,
               Ianuary
               ,
               February
            
             ,
             and
             half
             March.
             The
             Winds
             are
             variable
             ,
             but
             no
             such
             Thunder
             or
             Lightning
             as
             in
             Europe
             :
             all
             the
             varieties
             of
             needful
             Fruits
             which
             we
             have
             here
             ,
             may
             ,
             by
             the
             industry
             of
             men
             ,
             be
             in
             great
             plenty
             there
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             but
             one
             entrance
             by
             Sea
             into
             this
             Country
             ,
             and
             that
             is
             at
             the
             Mouth
             of
             a
             very
             goodly
             Bay
             ,
             eighteen
             or
             twenty
             miles
             broad
             :
             The
             South
             Cape
             is
             called
             
               Cape
               Henry
            
             :
             and
             the
             North
             ,
             
               Cape
               Charles
            
             ,
             in
             honour
             of
             those
             two
             Princes
             .
             The
             Land
             may
             have
             the
             prerogative
             over
             most
             places
             known
             ,
             for
             large
             and
             pleasant
             Navigable
             Rivers
             ,
             Mountains
             ,
             Hills
             ,
             Valleys
             ,
             and
             Champion
             Fields
             .
             In
             the
             Bay
             which
             lieth
             North
             and
             South
             ,
             are
             many
             Isles
             ,
             both
             great
             and
             small
             :
             the
             water
             floweth
             herein
             neer
             200.
             miles
             ,
             and
             hath
             a
             Channel
             for
             140.
             miles
             ,
             of
             betwixt
             6
             ,
             and
             15
             Fathom
             deep
             ,
             being
             in
             breadth
             some
             10
             or
             14
             miles
             .
             The
             Mountains
             are
             of
             divers
             natures
             :
             for
             ,
             at
             the
             Head
             of
             the
             Bay
             ,
             the
             Rocks
             are
             of
             a
             Composition
             ,
             like
             Mill-stones
             ,
             some
             of
             Marble
             ,
             &c.
             the
             Colour
             of
             the
             Earth
             did
             in
             some
             places
             resemble
             
               Bole
               Armeniac
               ,
               Tirra
               Sigillata
            
             ,
             Fullers
             Earth
             :
             but
             generally
             it
             is
             a
             black
             Sandy
             Mould
             :
             In
             some
             places
             again
             fat
             slimy
             Clay
             ,
             in
             others
             a
             very
             barren
             Gravel
             :
             The
             whole
             Country
             is
             neither
             Mountainous
             nor
             yet
             low
             ,
             but
             bestowed
             into
             pleasant
             Hills
             ,
             and
             fertile
             Valleys
             ,
             one
             prettily
             crossing
             another
             ,
             and
             watered
             conveniently
             with
             
             fresh
             Brooks
             and
             Streams
             ,
             no
             less
             commodions
             then
             delightful
             .
             There
             is
             little
             Grass
             ,
             for
             all
             the
             Country
             is
             over-grown
             with
             Trees
             ,
             whose
             continual
             Droppings
             causeth
             their
             Grass
             to
             turn
             to
             Weeds
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             ranckness
             of
             the
             Ground
             ,
             which
             is
             now
             well
             amended
             by
             the
             Plantations
             .
             The
             Wood
             is
             commonly
             Oake
             ,
             and
             Walnut
             ;
             many
             of
             their
             Oakes
             so
             tall
             and
             streight
             that
             they
             will
             bear
             two
             foot
             and
             an
             half
             square
             of
             good
             Timber
             for
             twenty
             yards
             long
             :
             there
             is
             also
             some
             Ash
             and
             Elm
             ,
             Mulberries
             ,
             Chesnuts
             which
             taste
             like
             Damsons
             ;
             and
             Vines
             ,
             but
             they
             are
             wild
             and
             bear
             few
             Grapes
             .
             There
             are
             also
             Gums
             ,
             Cedars
             ,
             Saxafras-Trees
             ,
             Berries
             ,
             Herbs
             and
             Roots
             ,
             Pellitory
             and
             Oranges
             .
          
           
             For
             Beasts
             ,
             there
             are
             Deer
             ,
             Squirrells
             ,
             Beaver
             ,
             Otters
             ,
             Foxes
             ,
             Dogs
             ,
             Martins
             ,
             Pole-cats
             ,
             and
             Weasels
             .
             For
             Birds
             ,
             there
             are
             all
             sorts
             of
             Hawks
             ,
             Partridges
             ,
             Turkeys
             ,
             Blackbirds
             ,
             Thrushes
             ,
             and
             divers
             of
             our
             small
             Birds
             .
             In
             Winter
             there
             are
             great
             plenty
             of
             Swans
             ,
             Geese
             ,
             and
             such
             Wilde
             Foul
             ;
             as
             also
             Parrots
             and
             Pigeons
             .
             For
             Fish
             ,
             there
             is
             Sturgeon
             ,
             Grampus
             ,
             Porcupisce
             ,
             Seal
             ,
             Mullets
             ,
             white
             Salmons
             ,
             Trouts
             ,
             Soales
             ,
             Plaise
             ,
             Herrings
             ,
             Pearch
             ,
             Crabs
             ,
             Stromps
             ,
             Eeles
             ,
             Lampreys
             ,
             Oysters
             ,
             Cockles
             and
             Muscles
             .
          
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             differ
             much
             in
             stature
             ,
             but
             generally
             they
             are
             tall
             and
             streight
             ,
             they
             are
             of
             colour
             Brown
             ;
             or
             enclining
             to
             an
             Olive
             when
             at
             Age
             ,
             but
             are
             born
             white
             .
             They
             are
             inconstant
             
             in
             every
             thing
             but
             what
             fear
             constraineth
             them
             to
             keep
             ,
             Crafty
             ,
             Timorous
             ,
             quick
             of
             apprehension
             ,
             and
             very
             ingenious
             .
             They
             are
             soon
             moved
             to
             anger
             ;
             and
             so
             malicious
             ,
             that
             they
             seldome
             forget
             an
             Injury
             .
             Their
             Buildings
             and
             Habitations
             are
             for
             the
             most
             part
             by
             Rivers
             ,
             or
             not
             far
             distant
             from
             some
             fresh
             Spring
             ;
             their
             Houses
             are
             built
             like
             our
             Arbours
             of
             small
             young
             Twigs
             ,
             bowed
             and
             tyed
             ;
             and
             so
             close-covered
             with
             Mats
             ,
             or
             the
             Barks
             of
             Trees
             ,
             very
             handsomly
             ,
             that
             notwithstanding
             either
             Wind
             ,
             Rain
             ,
             or
             Weather
             ,
             they
             are
             as
             warm
             as
             Stoves
             ,
             but
             very
             smoky
             ,
             yet
             at
             the
             top
             of
             the
             House
             they
             have
             a
             Hole
             to
             let
             it
             out
             .
             The
             Men
             use
             Fishing
             ,
             Hunting
             ,
             and
             other
             Manly
             Exercises
             ;
             while
             the
             Women
             sow
             and
             reap
             ,
             and
             carry
             burdens
             ,
             and
             do
             all
             the
             Drudgery
             .
          
           
             Their
             Chief
             God
             they
             serve
             is
             the
             Devil
             ,
             whom
             they
             call
             Okee
             ,
             more
             out
             of
             fear
             then
             love
             .
             In
             their
             Temples
             ,
             which
             are
             Houses
             60.
             foot
             high
             ,
             built
             Arbour-wise
             ,
             are
             placed
             the
             Images
             of
             their
             Devils
             and
             Kings
             ,
             and
             their
             Tombes
             .
             They
             have
             a
             Chief
             ,
             and
             Inferiour
             Priests
             ,
             but
             keep
             no
             Day
             more
             Holy
             then
             another
             .
             They
             use
             also
             divers
             Conjurations
             ,
             and
             have
             Altars
             ,
             but
             they
             stand
             from
             their
             Temples
             .
             In
             some
             parts
             of
             their
             Country
             they
             have
             yearly
             a
             Sacrifice
             of
             Children
             :
             Upon
             some
             conference
             with
             them
             concerning
             their
             Religion
             ,
             although
             they
             could
             not
             be
             perswaded
             to
             forsake
             their
             False
             Gods
             ,
             yet
             they
             did
             believe
             ,
             that
             our
             God
             as
             much
             exceeded
             theirs
             ,
             
             as
             our
             Guns
             did
             their
             Bows
             and
             Arrows
             .
          
           
             Many
             encounters
             the
             English
             had
             with
             these
             Natives
             ,
             who
             ,
             by
             treacheries
             and
             open
             assaults
             endeavoured
             to
             disturb
             their
             possession
             :
             but
             they
             were
             so
             frighted
             with
             the
             noise
             ,
             and
             so
             terrified
             with
             the
             Execution
             of
             the
             Guns
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             kept
             in
             some
             awe
             ,
             while
             Iames
             Town
             was
             finished
             which
             by
             the
             constant
             supplies
             sent
             yearly
             by
             the
             Council
             for
             Virginia
             ,
             was
             at
             last
             well
             built
             and
             fortified
             and
             pallisadoed
             ,
             and
             the
             Salvages
             awed
             into
             a
             good
             Comportment
             ,
             untill
             the
             comming
             of
             the
             Lord
             
               de
               La
               Ware
            
             ,
             just
             as
             through
             want
             the
             English
             were
             resolved
             to
             qui●…t
             the
             Country
             :
             a
             little
             before
             which
             time
             ,
             as
             they
             had
             taken
             the
             same
             resolution
             ,
             Sir
             
               Thomas
               Gates
            
             ,
             and
             Sir
             
               George
               Sommers
            
             prevented
             them
             by
             arriving
             from
             the
             Bermudas
             ,
             where
             they
             had
             been
             in
             great
             danger
             by
             a
             leaking
             Ship.
             
          
           
             His
             Lordship
             arrived
             the
             9.
             of
             Iune
             .
             1610.
             accompanied
             with
             
               Ferdinando
               Waynman
            
             ,
             Captain
             Houlcroft
             ,
             Captain
             Lawson
             ,
             and
             divers
             others
             in
             three
             ships
             well
             appointed
             with
             a
             years
             provision
             ,
             who
             built
             Fort
             Charles
             ,
             and
             Fort
             Henry
             ,
             that
             were
             afore
             but
             bare
             Capes
             ;
             and
             soon
             after
             good
             store
             of
             Kine
             and
             Swine
             were
             sent
             by
             Sir
             
               Thomas
               Dale
            
             ,
             who
             was
             Governour
             after
             my
             Lord
             
               De
               la
               Ware
            
             was
             returned
             ,
             who
             built
             a
             Town
             called
             Henrico
             ,
             and
             portioned
             out
             the
             adjacent
             Country
             into
             Hundreds
             :
             as
             also
             he
             built
             another
             Town
             ,
             and
             called
             it
             the
             
               New
               Bermoudas
            
             ,
             about
             fifty
             miles
             from
             Iames
             Town
             ,
             and
             the
             
             English
             Collony
             fell
             to
             planting
             their
             Corn
             ,
             about
             April
             every
             year
             ;
             every
             man
             having
             been
             allotted
             three
             Acres
             of
             Ground
             ,
             in
             the
             nature
             of
             Farms
             (
             the
             first
             Farmer
             there
             being
             one
             
               William
               Spence
            
             )
             who
             were
             to
             supply
             their
             stores
             for
             it
             ,
             with
             a
             small
             quantity
             of
             Corn
             yearly
             ,
             by
             which
             means
             it
             was
             wonderfull
             to
             see
             how
             in
             so
             short
             a
             time
             this
             Colony
             was
             thriven
             in
             its
             reputation
             .
          
           
             But
             it
             advanced
             faster
             soon
             after
             ,
             by
             the
             means
             of
             the
             standing
             Lottery
             and
             a
             perfect
             peace
             ,
             made
             with
             Powhatan
             the
             King
             of
             the
             Country
             ;
             whose
             Daughter
             ,
             being
             surprised
             ,
             one
             Mr.
             Rolfe
             had
             married
             .
             She
             proved
             a
             very
             good
             Christian
             and
             Vertuous
             Woman
             being
             Christened
             Rebecca
             .
             They
             begun
             also
             now
             to
             plant
             Tobacco
             ,
             every
             year
             changing
             their
             Governour
             ,
             and
             had
             a
             dispute
             with
             the
             French
             in
             their
             new
             plantations
             .
             A
             Convention
             also
             in
             the
             nature
             of
             a
             Parliament
             was
             called
             ,
             and
             several
             gifts
             to
             charitable
             uses
             for
             bringing
             up
             the
             Indian
             Children
             ,
             transmitted
             to
             the
             Governour
             and
             Council
             ,
             so
             that
             they
             were
             by
             the
             year
             1620
             in
             a
             very
             flourishing
             condition
             ,
             that
             year
             arriving
             no
             less
             than
             eleven
             ships
             ,
             and
             1216
             persons
             ,
             which
             were
             thus
             to
             be
             disposed
             ,
             80.
             for
             Tennants
             to
             the
             Governors
             Lands
             ,
             besider
             50.
             sent
             the
             former
             Spring
             for
             the
             Companies
             Land
             ,
             and
             150.
             for
             the
             Colledge
             ,
             100.
             for
             the
             Glebe-land
             ,
             90.
             young
             Women
             to
             make
             Wives
             ,
             50.
             
             Servants
             for
             publique
             Service
             ,
             and
             50.
             more
             ,
             whose
             Labours
             were
             to
             bring
             up
             30.
             of
             the
             
             Infidels
             Children
             ,
             the
             rest
             were
             sent
             to
             private
             Plantations
             .
             The
             year
             before
             the
             Lord
             
               De
               la
               Ware
            
             had
             mainly
             promoted
             this
             good
             and
             great
             Work
             ,
             passing
             over
             thither
             ,
             though
             he
             had
             hardly
             escaped
             before
             ,
             dyed
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             grief
             and
             discouragement
             of
             the
             Plantation
             ;
             most
             of
             the
             Nobility
             entred
             now
             also
             into
             the
             undertaking
             ,
             and
             were
             Treasurers
             for
             it
             to
             the
             further
             promoting
             of
             these
             good
             beginnings
             ,
             by
             whose
             Directions
             order
             was
             taken
             for
             suppressing
             the
             Planting
             of
             Tobacco
             ,
             Planting
             of
             Corn
             :
             but
             all
             to
             little
             effect
             ,
             the
             stream
             of
             the
             Inclination
             of
             the
             Planters
             ,
             or
             good
             nature
             of
             the
             Soyl
             to
             cherish
             that
             Plant
             ,
             preferring
             it
             before
             all
             Grain
             whatsoever
             ,
             to
             the
             incredible
             profit
             of
             that
             Colony
             ,
             as
             it
             afterwards
             proved
             .
             Now
             also
             there
             was
             much
             suit
             for
             Patents
             for
             Plantations
             ;
             and
             several
             Persons
             transported
             themselves
             upon
             their
             own
             Accompts
             ,
             bu
             ,
             twe
             shall
             see
             ,
             met
             with
             a
             miserable
             entertainment
             .
          
           
             For
             ,
             on
             the
             22
             of
             March
             1622.
             these
             perfidious
             Infidels
             ,
             though
             they
             had
             promised
             to
             hold
             the
             League
             inviolable
             ,
             till
             the
             Sky
             should
             fall
             ,
             as
             they
             termed
             it
             ,
             resolved
             upon
             a
             General
             Massacre
             ;
             which
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             English
             separating
             themselves
             ,
             for
             the
             better
             Soyl
             ,
             and
             commodiousness
             of
             Ground
             ,
             no
             way
             in
             the
             least
             distrusting
             these
             Miscreants
             (
             whom
             ,
             in
             hope
             of
             their
             Conversion
             ,
             they
             had
             used
             with
             all
             Familiarity
             and
             Civility
             imaginable
             ,
             and
             therefore
             every
             way
             unprovided
             of
             defence
             ,
             their
             Guns
             never
             used
             
             but
             against
             Deer
             or
             Wild-foul
             )
             they
             had
             very
             near
             effected
             ,
             if
             it
             had
             not
             been
             discovered
             by
             one
             of
             their
             own
             Nation
             that
             turned
             Christian.
             There
             were
             murthered
             in
             this
             attempt
             347
             Men
             ,
             Women
             ,
             and
             Children
             ,
             all
             with
             their
             own
             weapons
             ,
             they
             comming
             upon
             them
             in
             the
             disguise
             of
             the
             same
             familiarity
             ,
             but
             hurting
             none
             that
             opposed
             them
             .
             By
             the
             discovery
             of
             the
             Indian
             aforesaid
             ,
             eleven
             parts
             of
             Twelve
             of
             the
             English
             escaped
             ,
             for
             it
             being
             revealed
             at
             Iames
             Town
             ,
             most
             of
             the
             Plantations
             dispersed
             thereabours
             among
             the
             Indians
             (
             who
             commonly
             keep
             not
             above
             a
             100
             or
             200
             in
             a
             division
             of
             ground
             )
             took
             the
             Alarm
             and
             stood
             upon
             their
             Guard
             ,
             which
             the
             Indians
             perceiving
             fled
             ,
             but
             the
             plantations
             far
             distant
             to
             a
             140
             miles
             ,
             were
             most
             destroyed
             ,
             which
             afterwards
             for
             more
             security
             ,
             were
             reduced
             to
             five
             or
             six
             ;
             and
             these
             inhumane
             Barbarians
             so
             severely
             dealt
             withal
             ,
             that
             in
             a
             short
             time
             the
             Country
             was
             wholly
             subjected
             to
             the
             English
             ,
             and
             became
             very
             well
             peopled
             and
             of
             great
             Trade
             ,
             and
             continued
             so
             ,
             proving
             a
             receptacle
             and
             good
             retreat
             for
             many
             families
             in
             our
             late
             confusions
             ,
             and
             now
             yieldeth
             great
             emoluments
             to
             the
             Inhabitants
             and
             Planters
             ;
             and
             so
             we
             will
             leave
             it
             ,
             and
             take
             a
             short
             view
             of
             the
             
             Bermuda's
             Islands
             .
          
           
             
             
               The
               Islands
               of
               Bermuda's
               .
            
             
               THese
               Islands
               lye
               in
               the
               main
               Ocean
               ,
               and
               200
               Leagues
               from
               any
               Continent
               ,
               scituated
               in
               32
               degrees
               ,
               and
               25
               Minutes
               of
               Northerly
               Latitude
               ,
               and
               distant
               from
               England
               ,
               West
               ,
               South-west
               ,
               about
               3300
               miles
               ,
               some
               twenty
               miles
               in
               length
               ,
               and
               not
               past
               two
               miles
               and
               a
               half
               in
               breadth
               ,
               environed
               with
               Rocks
               ,
               which
               make
               it
               naturally
               very
               strong
               ,
               but
               infamous
               for
               Shipwrack
               ;
               there
               being
               but
               two
               places
               ,
               and
               those
               not
               very
               wel
               known
               ,
               
               where
               Shipping
               may
               safely
               come
               in
               ,
               and
               those
               now
               are
               exceedingly
               well
               fortified
               ,
               but
               within
               is
               room
               to
               entertain
               a
               Fleet
               Royal
               ,
               The
               Island
               is
               very
               uneven
               ,
               distributed
               into
               Hills
               and
               Dales
               ;
               the
               Mold
               is
               of
               divers
               colours
               neither
               clay
               nor
               sand
               ,
               but
               a
               mean
               between
               both
               :
               under
               the
               Mold
               two
               or
               three
               foot
               deep
               ,
               and
               sometime
               less
               ,
               is
               a
               kind
               of
               white
               hard
               substance
               which
               they
               call
               the
               Rock
               ,
               but
               Trees
               will
               fasten
               root
               in
               it
               ,
               being
               pumice
               like
               and
               spungy
               .
            
             
               The
               Air
               is
               most
               commonly
               clear
               ,
               and
               very
               temperate
               ,
               and
               moist
               with
               
               a
               moderate
               heat
               ,
               very
               apt
               to
               nourish
               all
               things
               ,
               so
               as
               many
               things
               transported
               hence
               ,
               yield
               a
               far
               better
               increase
               ;
               and
               if
               it
               be
               a
               living
               creature
               it
               becomes
               far
               better
               and
               fatter
               :
               by
               this
               means
               the
               Country
               is
               replenished
               with
               Hens
               and
               Turkeys
               ;
               yet
               being
               ,
               through
               their
               multitude
               
               not
               to
               be
               attended
               ,
               they
               turn
               wild
               and
               forsake
               the
               Houses
               .
               There
               seems
               to
               be
               a
               perpetual
               Spring
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               cause
               some
               things
               come
               not
               to
               that
               maturity
               and
               perfection
               which
               is
               requisite
               ,
               and
               though
               the
               Trees
               shed
               their
               leaves
               ,
               yet
               are
               they
               alwayes
               full
               of
               Green.
               The
               Co●…n
               is
               the
               same
               they
               have
               in
               Virginia
               ,
               and
               the
               West-Indies
               ,
               of
               which
               ,
               without
               plowing
               or
               much
               labour
               they
               have
               two
               harvests
               every
               year
               ,
               in
               Iuly
               and
               December
               (
               it
               hath
               no
               Grapes
               in
               perfection
               )
               and
               the
               Oranges
               and
               Lemmons
               grow
               twice
               a
               year
               likewise
               .
            
             
               The
               Sun
               every
               day
               in
               the
               year
               shines
               upon
               it
               ,
               for
               the
               temperature
               is
               beyond
               all
               others
               the
               most
               admirable
               ,
               no
               cold
               greater
               than
               we
               feel
               here
               in
               April
               ,
               nor
               heat
               much
               greater
               than
               an
               ordinary
               May.
               Frost
               and
               Snow
               is
               never
               seen
               here
               ,
               and
               stinking
               and
               infections
               Mists
               very
               seldom
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               Main
               Ocean
               :
               the
               Winter
               they
               have
               keeps
               time
               with
               ours
               ,
               but
               the
               longest
               dayes
               and
               nights
               are
               shorter
               than
               ours
               by
               two
               hours
               .
            
             
               At
               its
               first
               Discovery
               't
               was
               all
               overgrown
               with
               Weeds
               and
               Plants
               
               of
               several
               kinds
               ,
               many
               tall
               and
               goodly
               Cedars
               ,
               infinite
               store
               of
               Palmito's
               and
               Mulberries
               ,
               and
               Wild
               Olive
               Trees
               ,
               with
               divers
               others
               unknown
               both
               by
               Name
               and
               Nature
               ,
               there
               is
               also
               diversity
               of
               curious
               strange
               fowl
               ,
               as
               also
               for
               Game
               and
               Diet
               ,
               and
               likewise
               of
               Fish
               ;
               the
               Sea
               as
               well
               as
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Elemeets
               being
               abundantly
               liberal
               .
            
             
             
               It
               is
               uncertain
               how
               it
               came
               by
               this
               name
               of
               Bermuda's
               ,
               but
               that
               which
               is
               most
               noised
               for
               it
               ,
               is
               the
               casting
               away
               of
               a
               Spanish
               ship
               called
               by
               that
               name
               ,
               carrying
               black
               Hogs
               to
               the
               
                 West
                 Indies
              
               ,
               who
               swam
               ashore
               and
               were
               found
               there
               in
               great
               numbers
               ,
               so
               that
               it
               was
               called
               the
               Isle
               of
               Devils
               ,
               and
               shunned
               as
               the
               rock
               of
               Perdition
               .
               One
               
                 Henry
                 May
              
               an
               English
               man
               ,
               being
               cast
               away
               in
               a
               French
               Vessel
               by
               the
               presumption
               of
               the
               Pilots
               ,
               who
               said
               they
               were
               twelve
               Leagues
               beyond
               it
               ,
               with
               some
               Frenchmen
               ,
               got
               ashore
               ,
               and
               making
               a
               new
               Bark
               there
               ,
               got
               to
               England
               in
               the
               year
               1594.
               
               The
               next
               ship
               that
               was
               cast
               away
               ,
               (
               or
               indeed
               rather
               to
               be
               said
               saved
               )
               was
               that
               of
               Sir
               
                 George
                 Summers
              
               ,
               designed
               in
               1609
               for
               Virginia
               ,
               which
               by
               a
               Hurricane
               being
               covered
               with
               water
               ,
               and
               so
               leaking
               ,
               that
               after
               three
               days
               the
               men
               gave
               over
               working
               ,
               committing
               themselves
               to
               Gods
               mercy
               ,
               unexpectedly
               ,
               as
               Sir
               George
               was
               sitting
               at
               the
               Steerage
               ,
               guiding
               the
               ship
               to
               keep
               her
               upright
               ,
               came
               within
               sight
               of
               Land
               ,
               to
               which
               they
               made
               ,
               and
               ran
               her
               so
               even
               between
               two
               Rocks
               that
               she
               poised
               her self
               ,
               where
               he
               unladed
               the
               goods
               ,
               the
               storm
               ceasing
               ,
               and
               came
               on
               shore
               ,
               where
               finding
               such
               unhoped
               for
               plenteous
               refreshments
               ,
               (
               though
               he
               went
               to
               Virginia
               in
               a
               Cedar-ship
               ,
               in
               which
               he
               returned
               thither
               again
               and
               there
               died
               )
               two
               of
               his
               men
               which
               staid
               afterwards
               behind
               two
               years
               ,
               and
               one
               he
               left
               ,
               when
               he
               was
               carried
               home
               dead
               ,
               when
               as
               they
               were
               contriving
               their
               departure
               and
               
               committing
               themselves
               to
               the
               Sea
               in
               a
               little
               Bark
               ,
               a
               Ship
               appeared
               and
               stayed
               their
               resolutions
               .
            
             
               During
               their
               abode
               here
               ,
               they
               found
               in
               one
               entire
               Lump
               among
               the
               crevises
               of
               the
               Rocks
               a
               piece
               of
               Ambergreece
               ,
               the
               greatest
               yet
               found
               ,
               weighing
               80
               l.
               with
               other
               small
               crumbles
               ,
            
             
               This
               with
               much
               adoe
               was
               secured
               for
               the
               Company
               of
               these
               Sumer-Islands
               ,
               who
               to
               the
               number
               of
               one
               hundred
               and
               twenty
               ,
               had
               purchased
               a
               Patent
               for
               the
               said
               Isle
               ,
               whom
               the
               News
               of
               the
               Ambergreece
               much
               augmented
               .
               The
               first
               Governour
               was
               Mr.
               More
               ,
               he
               departing
               ,
               there
               was
               a
               monthly
               succession
               of
               six
               ,
               till
               one
               should
               come
               from
               England
               ,
               which
               was
               Captain
               
                 Daniel
                 Tucker
              
               :
               in
               the
               mean
               time
               the
               Fortifications
               were
               finished
               and
               the
               Isle
               secured
               from
               any
               attempt
               of
               the
               Spaniard
               ,
               in
               whose
               time
               happened
               that
               memorable
               Voyage
               of
               five
               Persons
               ,
               
                 Viz.
                 Richard
                 Sanders
                 ,
                 William
                 Godwin
              
               a
               Ship-Carpenter
               ,
               
                 Thomas
                 Harrison
              
               a
               Joyner
               ,
               
                 Iames
                 Barker
              
               a
               Gentleman
               ,
               and
               
                 Henry
                 Puet
              
               ;
               who
               making
               a
               Boat
               under
               pretence
               for
               Fishing
               ,
               being
               hardly
               used
               and
               not
               suffered
               to
               depart
               in
               the
               Ships
               ,
               by
               the
               assistance
               of
               a
               Compass
               ,
               unknown
               to
               any
               person
               till
               they
               were
               gone
               ,
               set
               to
               Sea
               having
               provided
               themselves
               of
               Victuals
               ,
               and
               by
               a
               direct
               Course
               ,
               the
               wind
               favouring
               them
               ,
               in
               five
               weeks
               time
               (
               though
               a
               Pyrat
               to
               whom
               they
               sailed
               hoping
               to
               be
               taken
               in
               ,
               took
               away
               from
               them
               their
               Compass
               and
               other
               necessary
               implements
               )
               arrived
               in
               Ireland
               ,
               where
               the
               Earl
               of
               Thomond
               honourably
               received
               
               them
               ,
               and
               hung
               up
               their
               Vessel
               for
               a
               Monument
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               now
               divided
               into
               eight
               Tribes
               ,
               each
               Tribe
               having
               in
               it
               50.
               
               Shares
               ,
               of
               which
               there
               are
               some
               for
               their
               publike
               charge
               .
               The
               names
               of
               the
               Tribes
               are
               
                 
                   Sandys
                
                 
                   Southampton
                
                 
                   Warwick
                
                 
                   Paget
                
                 
                   Pembroke
                
                 
                   Cavendish
                
                 
                   Smith
                
                 
                   Hamilton
                   ,
                   formerly
                   Bedford
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               thus
               much
               for
               Bermuda's
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               Swedes
               Plantation
               .
            
             
               The
               Swedes
               are
               seated
               between
               the
               Dutch
               and
               Virginia
               in
               a
               Village
               by
               a
               Fort
               ,
               which
               lyeth
               eight
               miles
               within
               the
               River
               of
               Delaware
               in
               Virginia
               :
               on
               the
               northside
               of
               the
               River
               ,
               they
               are
               few
               in
               number
               ,
               and
               their
               principle
               business
               is
               ,
               their
               Commerce
               with
               the
               Indians
               ,
               for
               they
               have
               little
               or
               no
               Cattle
               :
               they
               furnish
               the
               Indians
               with
               Guns
               and
               weapons
               ,
               as
               the
               Dutch
               do
               ;
               and
               once
               in
               a
               year
               are
               supplyed
               by
               a
               ship
               or
               two
               from
               Swethland
               ,
               that
               fetch
               away
               their
               Merchandise
               .
            
          
           
             
               Mary-Land
               .
            
             
               This
               Province
               is
               divided
               from
               Virginia
               by
               the
               great
               River
               Patomuck
               ;
               it
               lyeth
               on
               the
               North
               side
               of
               the
               great
               River
               ,
               and
               the
               west
               side
               of
               the
               
               great
               Virginia
               Bay
               ,
               it
               is
               more
               wholesome
               then
               the
               parts
               of
               Virginia
               and
               seated
               better
               for
               the
               English
               grain
               .
               It
               is
               now
               better
               peopled
               than
               formerly
               ,
               the
               Inhabitants
               being
               Papists
               and
               Protestants
               ,
               a
               like
               countenanced
               ,
               the
               propriety
               by
               Patent
               is
               vested
               in
               the
               Lord
               Baltimore
               ,
               a
               Catholick
               .
            
          
           
             
               New-Holland
               .
            
             
               To
               the
               South-west
               of
               New-England
               ,
               lyeth
               the
               Dutch
               Plantation
               :
               it
               hath
               good
               ground
               ,
               and
               good
               air
               ,
               but
               few
               of
               that
               Nation
               inhabiting
               there
               which
               maketh
               that
               there
               are
               few
               Plantations
               in
               the
               Land
               ;
               they
               chiefly
               intending
               their
               East-India
               Trade
               ,
               and
               but
               one
               Village
               ,
               whose
               Inhatants
               are
               part
               English
               and
               part
               Dutch.
               Here
               hath
               been
               no
               news
               ,
               or
               any
               matter
               of
               War
               or
               State
               since
               the
               first
               Settlement
               .
               There
               is
               the
               
                 Port
                 Orange
              
               ,
               thirty
               miles
               up
               Hudsons
               River
               ;
               they
               are
               mischievous
               neighbours
               to
               the
               English
               ,
               for
               according
               to
               the
               European
               Mode
               ,
               they
               sell
               Guns
               and
               Ammunition
               to
               the
               Common
               Enemy
               the
               Indians
               .
            
          
           
             
               New-England
               .
            
             
               This
               Plantation
               was
               first
               undertaken
               in
               the
               year
               1606.
               by
               Patent
               from
               King
               Iames
               ,
               to
               several
               Merchants
               of
               London
               ,
               and
               the
               West-Countries
               ,
               with
               a
               special
               Inhibition
               not
               to
               plant
               within
               100
               miles
               of
               the
               former
               Colony
               of
               Virginia
               ,
               
               but
               never
               took
               effect
               till
               1622
               or
               thereabouts
               ,
               after
               many
               losses
               and
               discouragements
               of
               several
               adventures
               .
               At
               last
               Sir
               
                 Francis
                 Popham
              
               had
               the
               Happinesse
               and
               Fortune
               to
               establish
               it
               ,
               though
               with
               much
               hazzard
               and
               difficulty
               by
               the
               Treachery
               of
               the
               Indians
               ,
               and
               the
               unproportionablenesse
               of
               the
               after-Supplies
               .
               The
               Plantation
               beginneth
               about
               44.
               degrees
               and
               is
               indifferently
               peopled
               with
               English
               as
               Southwardly
               at
               41.
               
               At
               this
               day
               it
               hath
               three
               Divisions
               ,
               the
               North
               ,
               the
               middle
               ,
               and
               the
               South
               .
               In
               the
               middle
               is
               
                 Boston
                 ,
              
               .
               the
               best
               Seat
               and
               best
               inhabited
               ;
               the
               South
               is
               the
               Government
               of
               
                 New-Plimouth
                 .
                 Boston
              
               hath
               a
               Street
               neer
               half
               a
               mile
               long
               ,
               full
               of
               Merchand●…ze
               .
               Here
               is
               Resident
               ,
               a
               Council
               ,
               and
               a
               Governour
               ,
               which
               is
               yearly
               chosen
               ,
               and
               accommodated
               with
               a
               very
               good
               Port
               and
               Castle
               ,
               furnished
               with
               Men
               and
               Ammunition
               .
               Near
               Boston
               lyeth
               
               Charles-Town
               ;
               and
               five
               miles
               into
               the
               Countrey
               ,
               is
               Cambridge
               an
               University
               of
               Nonconformists
               to
               the
               Church
               of
               England
               ;
               This
               Country
               having
               alwayes
               been
               the
               Receptacle
               of
               such
               religious
               Male-contents
               .
            
             
               The
               Land
               of
               all
               this
               Region
               is
               generally
               barren
               and
               rocky
               ,
               the
               Commodities
               are
               these
               ensuing
               ,
               Pipe-staves
               ,
               Clabboard
               ,
               Fish
               ,
               English
               Grain
               and
               Fruits
               ,
               and
               Iron
               works
               ;
               with
               these
               they
               drive
               a
               Trade
               to
               most
               parts
               of
               Europe
               ,
               especially
               to
               Spain
               ,
               the
               Canaries
               ,
               and
               Chariby
               Islands
               .
               They
               are
               at
               present
               very
               numerous
               ,
               and
               deserve
               their
               Name
               ,
               except
               their
               
               diversity
               in
               Religion
               ,
               which
               hath
               made
               them
               disgustful
               to
               old
               England
               .
               Near
               adjoyning
               to
               this
               Colony
               ,
               the
               French
               have
               a
               Plantation
               called
               Canada
               or
               
                 Nova
                 Francia
              
               ,
               not
               worth
               the
               mentioning
               save
               for
               some
               bickerings
               that
               have
               lately
               happened
               betwixt
               us
               and
               them
               ,
               concerning
               limits
               ;
               wherein
               we
               have
               been
               successful
               ,
               driving
               them
               out
               of
               some
               Forts
               they
               unjustly
               possessed
               .
            
          
           
             
               New-found-land
               .
            
             
               This
               is
               the
               most
               Septentrional
               land
               of
               America
               ,
               but
               there
               is
               a
               straight
               of
               Sea
               not
               yet
               throughly
               discovered
               ,
               called
               Hudsons
               Straight
               ,
               by
               which
               the
               North-west
               passage
               was
               concluded
               feasible
               ,
               the
               Lands
               adjoyning
               being
               called
               
                 Nova
                 Brittannia
              
               or
               
                 Nova
                 Franmurcia
              
               .
               This
               Island
               stretcheth
               North
               and
               South
               from
               46.
               degrees
               and
               a
               half
               to
               50.
               and
               a
               half
               Latitude
               .
               The
               Natives
               of
               this
               place
               are
               few
               and
               Savage
               .
               The
               Commodity
               thereof
               is
               Fish
               ,
               which
               is
               mostly
               
                 Poor
                 Iohn
              
               ,
               traded
               for
               in
               great
               quantity
               by
               
                 French
                 ,
                 Biscayners
              
               ,
               and
               English
               ,
               chiefly
               of
               the
               West
               Country
               ,
               who
               for
               the
               profit
               hereof
               ,
               endure
               the
               Winter
               cold
               and
               Summer
               heat
               of
               the
               Climate
               ,
               amidst
               other
               very
               great
               difficulties
               .
               This
               Island
               lyes
               at
               the
               mouth
               of
               the
               River
               Canada
               ,
               distant
               from
               the
               continent
               at
               the
               north
               end
               near
               half
               a
               League
               and
               the
               South-west
               point
               is
               about
               a
               League
               from
               
                 Cape
                 Britton
              
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Martins-Vineyard
               .
            
             
               This
               is
               a
               small
               Island
               upon
               the
               Coast
               of
               New-England
               ,
               the
               Governour
               thereof
               being
               appointed
               by
               the
               Council
               of
               New-England
               .
               It
               is
               20.
               miles
               long
               ,
               and
               10.
               miles
               broad
               ,
               there
               is
               great
               plenty
               of
               Fish
               in
               this
               Coast.
               On
               the
               Southwest
               of
               this
               Island
               lieth
               Long-Island
               ,
               in
               length
               60.
               
               English
               miles
               ,
               and
               in
               breadth
               15
               ,
               inhabited
               by
               some
               English
               ,
               who
               ,
               for
               their
               Sectary
               opinions
               have
               been
               put
               from
               New-England
               .
               They
               are
               claimed
               also
               by
               the
               Dutch
               ,
               but
               depend
               of
               ,
               nor
               pay
               duty
               to
               either
               .
               As
               also
               there
               are
               divers
               other
               Islands
               more
               particularly
               
                 Cape
                 Hatrash
              
               a
               part
               of
               Island
               in
               36
               degrees
               ,
               from
               whence
               till
               you
               come
               to
               the
               point
               of
               St
               ▪
               Helena
               ,
               which
               is
               in
               32
               degrees
               ,
               all
               the
               Coast
               along
               are
               broken
               Isles
               and
               uninhabited
               ,
               the
               best
               whereof
               is
               Roantke
               of
               18
               miles
               compasse
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               Islands
               of
               Lucahos
               or
               Bahama
               .
            
             
               These
               Islands
               are
               Southwest
               from
               the
               Bermuda's
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               North
               of
               
                 Portorico
                 ,
                 Hispaniola
              
               ,
               and
               Cuba
               ;
               the
               most
               emment
               is
               Lucayneque
               in
               27
               degrees
               .
               There
               is
               likewise
               the
               Islands
               of
               Abacoa
               ,
               and
               Yuma
               of
               12.
               and
               20.
               
               Leagues
               in
               24.
               degrees
               ,
               and
               a
               half
               .
               Yuemela
               is
               in
               23.
               degrees
               and
               a
               half
               ,
               15.
               
               Leagues
               in
               Length
               ,
               and
               North
               from
               Hispaniola
               lyeth
               Samana
               7.
               
               Leagues
               each
               
               way
               .
               Between
               which
               two
               former
               lyeth
               Yalaque
               of
               10
               Leagues
               in
               22
               degrees
               and
               a
               half
               .
               There
               are
               also
               three
               small
               Islands
               that
               make
               a
               Triangle
               .
               The
               Islands
               of
               
                 Magaquana
                 ,
                 Quaqua
                 ,
                 Makre
              
               ,
               and
               Alreo
               in
               20
               degrees
               ,
               not
               now
               inhated
               ,
               and
               never
               but
               once
               sailed
               to
               by
               the
               English
               ;
               with
               losse
               too
               ,
               although
               they
               go
               round
               them
               yearly
               .
            
          
           
             
               St.
               Christophers
               ,
               Mevis
               ,
               and
               Montserat
               ,
               and
               Antego
               .
            
             
               This
               Island
               is
               of
               Ten
               Leagues
               in
               length
               ,
               and
               seated
               by
               English
               and
               French
               ,
               each
               having
               a
               Governour
               of
               their
               own
               Nation
               ,
               so
               peopled
               by
               both
               ,
               that
               Ground
               can
               hardly
               be
               obtained
               .
               The
               two
               Nations
               are
               so
               mixed
               in
               their
               plantations
               ,
               that
               no
               secret
               design
               upon
               one
               another
               can
               long
               be
               kept
               so
               .
               They
               make
               some
               Sugar
               in
               this
               Island
               ,
               some
               India
               ,
               and
               Cotton
               Wool
               ,
               but
               most
               Tobacco
               .
               Mevis
               is
               5.
               
               Leagues
               in
               length
               ,
               lying
               within
               a
               League
               of
               St.
               Christophers
               .
               Here
               is
               the
               best
               Sugar
               of
               the
               Chariby
               Islands
               ,
               some
               Indico
               ,
               but
               little
               Cotton
               or
               Tobacco
               :
               in
               17
               degrees
               lye
               Barbada
               and
               Redanda
               ,
               in
               the
               hands
               of
               the
               
                 Cannibals
                 .
                 Montserat
              
               is
               inhabited
               most
               part
               by
               Irish
               ,
               within
               5
               Leagues
               of
               the
               Redanda
               ,
               planted
               with
               Tobacco
               and
               some
               Indico
               .
               Antego
               lyeth
               between
               14
               and
               15
               degrees
               .
               It
               hath
               good
               Air
               ,
               and
               is
               planted
               by
               the
               English
               with
               Tobacco
               ,
               Indico
               ,
               Cotton-Wool
               ,
               and
               Sugar
               .
               The
               
               other
               Chariby
               Ilands
               ,
               are
               ,
               
                 Magelante
                 ,
                 Dominica
                 ,
                 Martinina
                 ,
                 Santa
                 Luca
                 ,
                 Guarde-Lupa
                 ,
                 Todos
                 Santes
                 ,
                 Deseada
                 ,
              
               inhabited
               by
               
                 Caniballs
                 ,
                 French
              
               ,
               and
               Spaniards
               ;
               and
               Barbadoes
               ,
               or
               Barbudoes
               .
            
          
           
             
               Barbadoes
               .
            
             
               This
               is
               a
               Lee-Iland
               ,
               the
               Wind
               usually
               blowing
               one
               way
               .
               It
               lyeth
               in
               13
               degrees
               ,
               30
               minutes
               ;
               inhabited
               all
               with
               English
               ,
               and
               Negroes
               their
               Servants
               ,
               to
               such
               a
               number
               ,
               that
               it
               hath
               more
               people
               and
               Commerce
               than
               all
               the
               Ilands
               of
               the
               Indies
               .
               Their
               Principal
               Commodity
               is
               Sugar
               of
               the
               worst
               sort
               ,
               Indico
               very
               good
               ,
               Cotton
               ,
               and
               little
               Tobacco
               .
               They
               buy
               and
               sell
               here
               ,
               and
               scarce
               any
               where
               else
               in
               English
               Plantations
               ,
               with
               pieces
               of
               8.
               ready
               money
               .
               Here
               are
               store
               of
               Cattel
               ,
               but
               Horses
               are
               the
               most
               wanting
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               great
               Draught
               and
               Trade
               from
               place
               to
               place
               .
               It
               is
               the
               worst
               place
               either
               to
               live
               in
               or
               to
               make
               a
               Voyage
               or
               Return
               .
               For
               what
               is
               here
               is
               as
               well
               in
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Ilands
               ,
               and
               much
               more
               plenty
               :
               for
               here
               they
               have
               too
               many
               people
               ,
               and
               in
               those
               there
               is
               too
               few
               ,
               and
               Grain
               more
               then
               enough
               .
               It
               s
               strength
               in
               men
               makes
               that
               they
               have
               no
               fortification
               yet
               perfect
               ,
               the
               reason
               that
               induced
               my
               Lord
               Willoughby
               of
               Parham
               sent
               thither
               Governour
               for
               the
               King
               in
               1651
               ,
               upon
               an
               attempt
               of
               Sir
               
                 George
                 Ayscoughs
              
               (
               sent
               thither
               by
               the
               Paliament
               to
               reduce
               
               those
               Ilands
               to
               their
               subjection
               )
               who
               had
               then
               declared
               for
               the
               Royal
               Interest
               ,
               and
               proclaimed
               his
               present
               Majesty
               to
               land
               some
               force
               upon
               the
               Iland
               )
               to
               hearken
               to
               a
               Capitulation
               and
               agreement
               ,
               and
               render
               it
               to
               him
               upon
               honourable
               Terms
               .
               This
               Plantation
               is
               now
               ready
               to
               be
               deserted
               ,
               unless
               some
               expedient
               can
               be
               found
               for
               Wood
               or
               other
               Fuell
               to
               boyle
               their
               Sugar
               ;
               divers
               having
               already
               transplanted
               themselves
               to
               Surynam
            
          
           
             
               Iaimaica
               .
            
             
               This
               Iland
               oweth
               its
               name
               to
               Columbus
               ;
               who
               in
               his
               first
               discovery
               of
               this
               part
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               landed
               here
               ,
               and
               seized
               it
               for
               the
               use
               of
               the
               King
               of
               Spain
               ,
               being
               sent
               out
               by
               him
               at
               the
               instance
               of
               his
               Wife
               Isabella
               ,
               with
               15.
               
               Ships
               ,
               whose
               Dysasters
               it
               will
               be
               too
               tedious
               to
               relate
               .
               It
               will
               suffice
               to
               say
               ,
               that
               for
               all
               his
               great
               Services
               he
               was
               at
               last
               imprisoned
               in
               these
               Countries
               ,
               and
               sent
               home
               in
               Chains
               ,
               from
               which
               he
               was
               by
               the
               favour
               of
               the
               King
               released
               ;
               and
               himself
               afterwards
               honoured
               with
               the
               Title
               of
               Duke
               
                 de
                 la
                 Vega
              
               ,
               a
               City
               in
               this
               Iland
               he
               himself
               had
               so
               named
               ,
               which
               City
               is
               now
               in
               being
               .
            
             
               After
               our
               unfortunate
               Defeat
               at
               Hispaniola
               in
               1656.
               where
               a
               strange
               Consternation
               had
               seized
               upon
               the
               Spirits
               of
               the
               whole
               Army
               (
               none
               daring
               to
               shew
               their
               Faces
               to
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               but
               Major
               General
               Hayns
               and
               three
               or
               four
               more
               with
               him
               ,
               who
               honourably
               fell
               in
               Fight
               with
               that
               
               Negro
               ,
               and
               Devil-like
               Molatto
               )
               for
               lack
               of
               Provisions
               ,
               which
               would
               not
               have
               lasted
               the
               whole
               Army
               in
               their
               resailing
               to
               Windward
               to
               Barbadoes
               ,
               it
               was
               resolved
               the
               Fleet
               should
               steer
               for
               Iamaica
               ,
               which
               was
               accordingly
               effected
               ,
               and
               upon
               Landing
               ,
               Proclamation
               made
               that
               it
               should
               be
               present
               death
               for
               any
               man
               to
               turn
               his
               back
               to
               the
               Enemy
               .
               They
               landed
               without
               opposition
               and
               while
               they
               were
               marching
               up
               the
               Country
               ,
               the
               crafty
               Spaniard
               ,
               the
               old
               pocky
               Governour
               ,
               by
               a
               Treaty
               and
               Presents
               ,
               so
               delayed
               the
               Motion
               of
               the
               Army
               ,
               that
               they
               conveyed
               away
               their
               incredible
               wealth
               and
               riches
               into
               the
               woods
               and
               other
               Coverts
               before
               it
               was
               possible
               to
               overtake
               them
               ;
               He
               himself
               remaining
               as
               Hostage
               for
               the
               performance
               of
               some
               idle
               Articles
               .
               So
               the
               English
               were
               peaceably
               at
               present
               possest
               of
               the
               Country
               .
            
             
               But
               not
               long
               after
               came
               a
               reinforcement
               from
               the
               Island
               of
               Cuba
               adjacent
               thereto
               ,
               (
               Divers
               Spaniards
               and
               Molatto's
               ,
               still
               keeping
               in
               the
               Woods
               and
               annoying
               the
               English
               )
               and
               fortified
               themselves
               at
               
                 Rio
                 Novo
              
               ,
               where
               though
               they
               were
               strongly
               entrenched
               ,
               and
               twice
               more
               in
               number
               ,
               the
               Souldiers
               were
               so
               earnest
               to
               regain
               their
               lost
               Honour
               (
               being
               taunted
               to
               their
               hearing
               by
               the
               Enemy
               with
               St.
               Domingo
               ,
               and
               undervalued
               for
               that
               Cowardwice
               )
               that
               they
               fell
               on
               with
               incredible
               Fury
               and
               Resolution
               ,
               and
               forced
               their
               Trenches
               ,
               and
               made
               them
               accept
               of
               very
               hard
               Conditions
               to
               depart
               with
               their
               Skins
               .
               The
               
               like
               they
               did
               to
               other
               Spaniards
               ,
               who
               landed
               about
               the
               same
               time
               near
               
                 Poynt
                 Pedro
              
               ;
               so
               that
               there
               is
               little
               danger
               or
               expectation
               of
               another
               invasion
               ;
               the
               Spaniard
               having
               such
               proof
               of
               our
               recovered
               valour
               ;
               though
               the
               Island
               ,
               if
               it
               were
               less
               fruitful
               ,
               is
               worth
               the
               fighting
               for
               ,
               though
               it
               should
               cost
               the
               Spaniard
               his
               best
               blood
               ,
               for
               it
               lyeth
               within
               his
               bowels
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               heart
               of
               his
               Trade
               .
               For
               all
               the
               Treasure
               that
               his
               Plate
               Fleet
               brings
               home
               from
               Cartagena
               ,
               steers
               directly
               for
               St.
               Domingo
               in
               Hispaniola
               ,
               and
               from
               thence
               must
               pass
               by
               one
               of
               the
               ends
               of
               this
               Island
               to
               recover
               the
               Havana
               ,
               the
               common
               rendezvouz
               of
               the
               whole
               Armado
               before
               it
               returns
               home
               through
               the
               Gulf
               of
               Florida
               ;
               Nor
               is
               there
               any
               other
               way
               (
               whereby
               to
               misse
               the
               Island
               of
               Iamaica
               )
               because
               he
               cannot
               in
               any
               reasonable
               time
               turn
               up
               to
               the
               wind-ward
               of
               Hispaniola
               ,
               the
               which
               though
               he
               might
               with
               difficulty
               perform
               ,
               yet
               he
               would
               thereby
               lose
               the
               security
               of
               his
               united
               strength
               ,
               which
               at
               the
               Havana
               ,
               from
               all
               parts
               of
               the
               Bay
               of
               
                 Mexico
                 ,
                 New
                 Spain
              
               ,
               and
               the
               riches
               from
               
                 Nombre
                 de
                 Dios
              
               ,
               and
               the
               South
               Seas
               ,
               accompany
               each
               other
               home
               from
               the
               said
               Havana
               ,
               and
               yet
               notwithstanding
               the
               private
               English
               Men
               of
               War
               ,
               snap
               up
               the
               Straglers
               ,
               as
               they
               lie
               crusing
               upon
               the
               Coast
               of
               Iamaica
               ,
               being
               fifty
               Leagues
               East
               and
               West
               ,
               and
               North
               and
               South
               twenty
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               seated
               between
               the
               Tropicks
               in
               seventeen
               and
               18
               degrees
               of
               Northern
               Latitude
               ,
               and
               therefore
               
               twice
               every
               year
               subjected
               to
               the
               perpendicular
               Beams
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               but
               proving
               as
               happy
               to
               the
               Complexions
               and
               Constitutions
               of
               English
               men
               ,
               as
               
                 Virginia
                 ,
                 New-England
                 ,
                 Spain
              
               ,
               or
               Portugal
               .
               The
               mortality
               that
               happened
               there
               at
               our
               first
               Landing
               ,
               proceeding
               either
               from
               the
               griping
               Monopoly
               of
               some
               hoarding
               Officers
               ,
               or
               through
               want
               of
               timely
               recruits
               ,
               or
               through
               some
               fatal
               Conjunction
               of
               the
               superiour
               Luminaries
               .
               It
               is
               by
               good
               Experience
               found
               to
               be
               a
               temperate
               climate
               ,
               for
               all
               't
               is
               scandalized
               with
               the
               Fiction
               of
               the
               Torrid
               Zone
               ,
               the
               Heat
               in
               the
               day
               time
               being
               alwayes
               allayed
               with
               the
               Sea-Breezes
               ,
               which
               rise
               with
               the
               Sun
               ,
               and
               the
               Nights
               are
               by
               an
               interchangeable
               and
               never-failing
               intercourse
               refreshed
               with
               Land-Breezes
               .
            
             
               Nor
               is
               the
               fertility
               lesse
               propitious
               than
               the
               temperature
               ,
               producing
               in
               as
               great
               abundance
               ,
               as
               any
               where
               in
               the
               Indies
               ,
               Sugar-Canes
               ,
               Tobacco
               ,
               Cotton
               ,
               Maez
               or
               Indian
               Corn
               ,
               Potatoes
               ,
               Yaums
               ,
               and
               Coco-Nuts
               ;
               the
               Earth
               continuing
               its
               Spring
               ,
               and
               being
               green
               and
               florid
               ,
               all
               the
               year
               long
               .
               Here
               are
               store
               of
               Hogs
               fatned
               by
               what
               drops
               from
               the
               Trees
               ,
               whole
               Herds
               of
               Beeves
               ,
               which
               ,
               before
               they
               were
               frighted
               by
               our
               unskilful
               method
               of
               killing
               them
               by
               shot
               ,
               fed
               by
               1000
               in
               the
               
               Savana's
               or
               large
               Champion
               fields
               ,
               but
               now
               sculk
               in
               the
               Woods
               and
               Coverts
               ,
               and
               appear
               not
               but
               by
               night
               .
               Here
               are
               also
               a
               number
               of
               wilde
               Horses
               ,
               well
               shaped
               ,
               and
               very
               serviceable
               ,
               being
               all
               bred
               of
               Spanish
               
               Gennets
               ,
               which
               may
               be
               bought
               for
               3
               
                 l.
                 sterling
              
               ,
               and
               will
               yield
               6000
               l.
               of
               Sugar
               at
               Barbadoes
               .
               There
               are
               likewise
               excellent
               plenty
               of
               choice
               Timber
               Trees
               ,
               and
               Wood
               for
               the
               Dyers
               use
               ,
               as
               Fustick
               ,
               Brasiletta
               ,
               and
               Ebony
               ,
               and
               a
               kind
               of
               Logwood
               ,
               China
               Roots
               ,
               Gum
               ,
               Guaiacum
               ,
               Lignum
               Vitae
               ,
               Cassia
               ,
               &c.
               
               There
               are
               also
               abundance
               of
               Cocoa
               Trees
               ,
               which
               the
               Spaniard
               reckons
               one
               of
               his
               chiefest
               Incomes
               ,
               which
               may
               be
               yearly
               improved
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               one
               Rarity
               more
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               Alligator
               or
               
                 Indian
                 Crocodile
              
               ,
               some
               of
               them
               6
               or
               7
               foot
               long
               :
               but
               they
               cannot
               hurt
               a
               man
               if
               he
               be
               aware
               of
               them
               ,
               their
               motion
               being
               slow
               ;
               and
               head
               and
               body
               must
               move
               together
               .
               There
               are
               no
               Mines
               found
               out
               yet
               ,
               but
               they
               are
               not
               to
               be
               despaired
               of
               ,
               in
               the
               prosecution
               of
               the
               Plantation
            
             
               The
               English
               have
               built
               a
               new
               Town
               at
               Cagway
               point
               ,
               of
               about
               600.
               
               Houses
               ,
               where
               at
               present
               the
               Governour
               resides
               ,
               having
               quitted
               the
               City
               of
               
                 S.
                 Iago
                 de
                 la
                 Vega
              
               ,
               the
               Spaniards
               chief
               town
               ,
               which
               is
               seated
               in
               a
               pleasant
               Savana
               .
               This
               City
               was
               some
               30
               years
               ago
               ,
               plundred
               by
               General
               Iackson
               ,
               who
               came
               with
               500
               men
               from
               St.
               Christophers
               ,
               and
               in
               spight
               of
               2000
               Spaniards
               ,
               in
               a
               readinesse
               to
               receive
               him
               and
               7
               Barricadoes
               (
               such
               was
               the
               Mariners
               exceeding
               greediness
               of
               spoil
               )
               forced
               the
               Town
               and
               plundered
               it
               ,
               and
               made
               the
               Spaniard
               give
               him
               a
               great
               sum
               to
               boot
               ,
               to
               spare
               it
               from
               the
               fire
               :
               it
               had
               formerly
               2000
               houses
               ,
               
               and
               16
               Churches
               and
               Chappels
               ,
               and
               now
               but
               600
               Houses
               ,
               the
               Skeleton
               of
               two
               Churches
               and
               an
               Abbey
               .
            
             
               Point
               Cagway
               is
               very
               well
               fortified
               ,
               and
               has
               Guns
               in
               it
               ,
               as
               good
               as
               any
               the
               Tower
               had
               :
               there
               is
               also
               another
               Plantation
               of
               the
               English
               ,
               in
               one
               Regiment
               at
               Port
               Morant
               ,
               who
               have
               already
               made
               it
               considerable
               by
               planting
               several
               Commodities
               .
               After
               Venables
               left
               the
               Island
               ,
               the
               Government
               was
               devolved
               to
               the
               eldest
               Collonel
               ;
               and
               afterwards
               Cromwel
               sent
               Collonel
               Brain
               to
               command
               them
               ,
               who
               died
               there
               :
               and
               then
               it
               was
               conferred
               on
               Collonel
               Doyley
               ,
               who
               hath
               been
               happily
               active
               in
               promoting
               this
               Colony
               ,
               and
               is
               yet
               Governour
               till
               the
               Arrival
               of
               the
               Lord
               Windsor
               ,
               sent
               thither
               with
               a
               Patent
               from
               the
               King
               ,
               and
               Grant
               of
               the
               whole
               Island
               ,
               under
               whose
               care
               it
               is
               likely
               to
               flourish
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             King
             of
             
             Spain's
             Dominions
             in
             the
             West-Indies
             .
          
           
             IT
             will
             be
             unnecessary
             and
             of
             no
             use
             ,
             to
             insist
             much
             upon
             the
             Countries
             subject
             to
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             in
             America
             ,
             because
             we
             have
             no
             traffique
             in
             those
             parts
             ;
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             forbidding
             and
             keeping
             all
             men
             from
             thence
             ,
             with
             as
             much
             diligent
             watchfulness
             ,
             as
             the
             Dragon
             did
             the
             Golden
             or
             Hesperian
             Apples
             .
             With
             much
             difficulty
             he
             obtained
             his
             Mines
             ,
             severall
             supplies
             being
             lost
             ,
             and
             his
             Colonies
             ready
             to
             depart
             :
             besides
             the
             frequent
             Fights
             betwixt
             themselves
             in
             point
             of
             private
             advantages
             ,
             several
             Governours
             supplanting
             one
             another
             by
             Tragical
             means
             ,
             the
             principal
             whereof
             was
             Columbus
             ,
             that
             successeful
             Captain
             ,
             
               Ferdinandus
               Cortesius
            
             ,
             Marquiss
             of
             the
             Valley
             ,
             
               Pizarro
               ,
               Almagrus
               ,
               Vasca
            
             ;
             and
             Blasco
             :
             By
             
               Cortesius
               ,
               Atabalipa
            
             King
             of
             Peru
             was
             taken
             Prisoner
             ,
             in
             which
             are
             his
             Mines
             of
             Potossi
             ,
             &c.
             
             Who
             refusing
             a
             dangerous
             peace
             offered
             by
             the
             Spaniard
             ,
             by
             the
             fortune
             of
             the
             
             War
             was
             made
             a
             Prisoner
             ,
             and
             for
             his
             ransome
             ,
             sending
             to
             his
             chief
             City
             of
             Cuscon
             ,
             and
             other
             places
             of
             his
             Kingdome
             ,
             filled
             his
             Prison
             ,
             being
             a
             reasonable
             Hall
             ,
             with
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             and
             yet
             neverthelesse
             lost
             his
             Life
             ,
             being
             strangled
             by
             the
             deliberate
             advice
             of
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             who
             substituted
             his
             Brother
             in
             his
             place
             .
             The
             Indians
             upbraiding
             the
             Spaniard
             with
             their
             Cruelty
             and
             Covetousnesse
             ,
             and
             calling
             Money
             their
             God
             ,
             bidding
             them
             to
             eat
             it
             .
             It
             is
             reported
             when
             they
             first
             entred
             the
             Country
             ,
             they
             shooed
             their
             Horses
             with
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             .
             To
             our
             discourse
             :
             this
             Countrey
             is
             divided
             into
             Mexicana
             and
             Peruana
             .
          
           
             That
             part
             of
             America
             ,
             which
             is
             called
             Mexicana
             ,
             is
             divided
             into
             three
             several
             parts
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             scituation
             of
             the
             Land
             ,
             in
             Plains
             ,
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             lesse
             Hilly
             grounds
             .
             Out
             of
             these
             Countries
             are
             brought
             over
             into
             Europe
             ,
             Gold
             ,
             Silver
             ,
             Bezoar
             ,
             and
             other
             precious
             stones
             ,
             Sarsaparilla
             ,
             and
             Sugar
             in
             abundance
             ,
             Brasil-Wood
             ,
             Cotton
             ,
             costly
             Plumes
             ,
             Jackanapes
             ,
             several
             sorts
             of
             curiously
             feathered
             Birds
             ,
             and
             many
             more
             Drugs
             and
             Merchandize
             .
             We
             will
             run
             over
             only
             the
             several
             Countries
             ,
             and
             so
             conclude
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             is
             the
             Island
             of
             Hispaniola
             ,
             famous
             for
             our
             Defeat
             before
             the
             chief
             City
             of
             St.
             Domingo
             ,
             though
             formerly
             sacked
             without
             much
             opposition
             by
             Sir
             
               Francis
               Drake
            
             .
             It
             is
             seated
             in
             18
             ,
             19
             ,
             and
             20
             degrees
             of
             Northern
             Latitude
             ,
             
             being
             150.
             
             Leagues
             long
             East
             and
             West
             ,
             inhabited
             chiefly
             by
             Negroes
             ,
             which
             with
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             make
             not
             in
             all
             above
             500.
             the
             Commodities
             are
             Ginger
             ,
             Sugar
             ,
             Cotton
             ,
             Wool
             ,
             &c.
             and
             Tallow
             ,
             and
             Hides
             100000.
             yearly
             ,
             gotten
             of
             the
             wild
             Cattel
             ,
             which
             are
             the
             biggest
             in
             the
             World.
             
          
           
             The
             next
             is
             the
             I
             le
             of
             Cuba
             ,
             lying
             West
             from
             Hispaniola
             200.
             
             Leagues
             long
             ,
             East
             and
             West
             ,
             the
             broadest
             part
             not
             45
             ,
             the
             Commodities
             the
             same
             with
             Hispaniola
             ,
             the
             Land
             neither
             so
             pleasant
             nor
             wholsome
             .
             In
             it
             ,
             is
             the
             Town
             of
             Havana
             ,
             in
             22.
             degrees
             ,
             the
             great
             resort
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Fleet
             ;
             the
             Harbour
             strongly
             secured
             by
             two
             Castles
             .
             Next
             
               Porto
               Rico
            
             15
             Leagues
             from
             Hispaniola
             ,
             45
             Leagues
             long
             ,
             East
             and
             West
             ,
             23
             broad
             ;
             then
             
               Sancta
               Crux
            
             in
             16
             degrees
             and
             a
             half
             ,
             the
             
               Virgins
               ,
               Virgin
               Gorda
               ,
               Blances
               ,
               Anagada
               ,
               Sambrito
               ,
               Angula
               ,
            
             St.
             Martins
             ,
             in
             17
             degrees
             and
             a
             half
             ,
             once
             possest
             by
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             now
             by
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             as
             is
             Eustas
             likewise
             .
             More
             Southwardly
             is
             Trinidado
             I
             le
             ,
             50
             Leagues
             long
             ,
             and
             70
             broad
             ,
             
               Margareta
               ,
               Tortuga
               ,
               Gardiner
               ,
               Caracute
               ,
               Calava
               ,
            
             and
             Tamasca
             .
          
           
             On
             the
             Continent
             the
             Spaniard
             hath
             Florida
             ,
             which
             begins
             in
             34
             degrees
             ,
             the
             Gulf
             hereof
             is
             notable
             having
             two
             Entrances
             ,
             the
             one
             between
             Youcatan
             and
             Cuba
             ,
             where
             the
             stream
             cometh
             fiercely
             in
             ;
             the
             other
             is
             between
             Cuba
             and
             the
             Cape
             of
             Florida
             ,
             where
             it
             runneth
             more
             violently
             out
             .
          
           
             
             
               New
               Spain
               .
            
             
               Besides
               this
               Province
               of
               Florida
               ,
               the
               King
               of
               Spain
               in
               this
               Nothern
               America
               ,
               hath
               three
               great
               Kingdomes
               .
               The
               first
               and
               principal
               is
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               New-Spain
               :
               The
               second
               is
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               Galisia
               :
               The
               third
               ,
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               Gutemalia
               ,
               and
               the
               Province
               of
               Varagua
               ,
               that
               adjoyneth
               to
               the
               Straight
               of
               Darian
               ,
               and
               is
               properly
               of
               the
               Council
               of
               Panama
               .
               The
               Kingdome
               of
               Spain
               hath
               in
               it
               a
               Viceroy
               and
               Council
               ,
               intituled
               the
               Viceroy
               of
               Mexico
               .
               And
               within
               his
               Government
               the
               Province
               and
               Bishoprick
               of
               Mexico
               ,
               that
               of
               
                 Tlascala
                 ,
                 Guaxa●…a
                 ,
                 Mechoachan
                 ,
                 Chiapa
                 ,
                 Yucatan
                 ,
              
               and
               Panuco
               .
               The
               Indians
               of
               this
               Kingdome
               ,
               are
               of
               two
               sorts
               ;
               the
               Chickamecans
               ,
               which
               are
               a
               sort
               of
               Rogues
               ,
               that
               live
               much
               after
               the
               manner
               of
               Toriges
               ,
               or
               ancient
               Irish
               ,
               by
               robbing
               and
               spoiling
               Passengers
               on
               the
               way
               ,
               Towns
               and
               Villages
               ;
               and
               the
               other
               live
               even
               as
               decently
               as
               the
               Spaniard
               ,
               and
               are
               of
               all
               Trades
               and
               Vocations
               ,
               as
               they
               are
               ;
               of
               sharp
               wits
               ,
               and
               of
               great
               agility
               of
               body
               ,
               as
               appeareth
               by
               their
               extraordinary
               feats
               of
               Activity
               on
               the
               Rope
               ,
               and
               tumblings
               .
               This
               Kingdome
               is
               a
               high
               Country
               ,
               for
               the
               most
               part
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               for
               riches
               ,
               pleasantness
               ,
               and
               wholesomeness
               ,
               accounted
               one
               of
               the
               best
               in
               the
               world
               ,
               as
               lacking
               nothing
               naturally
               that
               is
               to
               be
               had
               ,
               excepting
               Wine
               and
               Oil
               ,
               which
               they
               might
               also
               have
               ,
               but
               that
               it
               is
               
               forbidden
               ,
               to
               plant
               Vineyards
               ,
               or
               Oliveyards
               by
               the
               King
               of
               Spain
               ,
               and
               it
               hath
               divers
               things
               not
               elsewhere
               to
               be
               had
               ,
               both
               of
               Trees
               ,
               Herbs
               ,
               and
               Drugs
               .
            
          
           
             
               New-Galicia
               .
            
             
               THis
               Kingdome
               of
               New
               -
               Galicia
               ,
               hath
               no
               Viceroy
               ,
               but
               is
               governed
               by
               a
               Council
               ,
               whose
               bounds
               is
               parted
               from
               New
               -
               Spain
               at
               the
               Port
               of
               Nativity
               on
               the
               South
               Sea
               to
               the
               North
               North-west
               ,
               and
               North-east
               .
               It
               hath
               no
               bounds
               ,
               but
               may
               inlarge
               their
               Territories
               ,
               as
               they
               see
               occasion
               on
               the
               Indians
               .
               It
               hath
               already
               these
               Provinces
               .
               The
               first
               ,
               
                 Guadalaica
                 ,
                 Xalisco
                 ,
                 Sacaticas
                 ,
                 Chiamerla
                 ;
                 Culiacan
                 ,
                 New-Biscai
                 ,
              
               and
               Sivaloa
               .
               And
               this
               Kingdome
               is
               not
               much
               inferiour
               to
               New
               -
               Spain
               ,
               and
               it
               hath
               the
               same
               sort
               of
               Indians
               .
            
          
           
             
               Gutamalia
               .
            
             
               This
               Kingdome
               of
               Gutamalia
               is
               governed
               as
               the
               other
               by
               a
               Council
               ,
               without
               a
               Viceroy
               ;
               and
               is
               the
               Southwardliest
               Region
               of
               this
               North
               America
               ,
               and
               hath
               within
               its
               bounds
               the
               Provinces
               of
               Gutamalia
               ,
               from
               whence
               the
               Kingdome
               taketh
               name
               ;
               
                 Soconusco
                 ,
                 Chiapa
                 ,
                 Suchi●…epoque
                 ,
                 Verapas
                 ,
                 Honduaras
                 ,
              
               and
               Cacos
               .
               Saint
               Saviour
               ,
               and
               Saint
               
                 Michael
                 ,
                 Nievaraqua
                 ,
                 Chuluteca
                 ,
                 Taquesgalpa
                 ,
              
               and
               Costarica
               ,
               or
               the
               rich
               Coast.
               
               The
               Indians
               here
               are
               more
               warlike
               than
               the
               rest
               ,
               and
               have
               more
               unwillingly
               submitted
               to
               the
               Spanish
               Yoke
               ,
               and
               therefore
               they
               have
               had
               almost
               continual
               wars
               ;
               the
               most
               of
               the
               Indians
               living
               ,
               till
               very
               lately
               ,
               after
               the
               manner
               of
               the
               Chickamecians
               ,
               though
               many
               of
               them
               are
               docible
               as
               the
               Indians
               of
               Mexico
               .
               This
               is
               a
               rich
               wholsome
               Kingdome
               ,
               not
               inferiour
               to
               Galicia
               ,
               but
               rather
               exceeds
               it
               .
               But
               when
               I
               come
               to
               each
               particular
               Province
               ,
               I
               shall
               name
               them
               as
               they
               adjoyn
               on
               the
               Coast
               of
               the
               Sea.
               
            
             
               Panuco
               is
               a
               Province
               near
               adjoyning
               to
               Florida
               ,
               and
               parted
               from
               it
               by
               the
               River
               of
               Palms
               ,
               which
               lyeth
               in
               28
               degrees
               of
               North
               Latitude
               .
            
             
               That
               part
               of
               it
               that
               lyeth
               next
               to
               Mexico
               ,
               is
               the
               best
               ,
               and
               hath
               the
               greatest
               plenty
               of
               Victuals
               ,
               with
               some
               gold
               :
               the
               other
               side
               ,
               which
               is
               next
               Florida
               ,
               is
               poor
               and
               barren
               .
            
             
               The
               next
               to
               Panuco
               ,
               on
               the
               Coast
               of
               the
               North
               Sea
               ,
               lyeth
               the
               Province
               of
               Talascalia
               or
               Losangels
               .
               It
               hath
               abundance
               of
               Flax
               ,
               Wheat
               ,
               Sugar
               ,
               and
               Ginger
               ;
               diversity
               of
               herbs
               ,
               and
               fruits
               ;
               abundance
               of
               Cattel
               ,
               Hogs
               ,
               and
               Horses
               ,
               many
               silver
               mines
               ,
               200
               chief
               Indian
               Towns
               ,
               and
               at
               least
               40
               Monasteries
               of
               Friers
               .
            
             
               Youcatan
               .
               The
               North
               part
               of
               this
               Province
               adjoyneth
               to
               the
               South
               of
               Talascalia
               .
               It
               is
               a
               peninsula
               ,
               
               and
               in
               compasse
               150
               Leagues
               .
               The
               temperature
               is
               hot
               and
               moist
               :
               it
               hath
               no
               Rivers
               but
               is
               full
               of
               good
               willows
               .
               It
               is
               a
               woody
               country
               ,
               nor
               will
               it
               bear
               English
               grain
               ,
               neither
               hath
               it
               gold
               or
               other
               mineral
               .
            
             
               The
               Province
               of
               Honduras
               adjoineth
               unto
               the
               South
               part
               of
               Youcatan
               :
               this
               coast
               stretcheth
               along
               the
               north
               Sea
               as
               far
               as
               Nicaragua
               ,
               which
               is
               near
               150
               leagues
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               a
               hilly
               Countrey
               ,
               plentiful
               of
               all
               sorts
               of
               Cattel
               ,
               and
               store
               of
               Wheat
               ,
               and
               Mines
               of
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               .
            
             
               Nicaragua
               ,
               lyeth
               next
               to
               the
               South-side
               of
               Honduras
               :
               it
               is
               a
               plentiful
               Countrey
               of
               Coco
               ,
               Cotten-Wool
               ,
               Millet
               ,
               Cattel
               ,
               and
               much
               ,
               gold
               .
               It
               hath
               five
               Spanish
               Towns
               ,
               and
               abundance
               of
               peaceable
               Indians
               ,
               which
               are
               most
               expert
               in
               the
               Spanish
               tongue
               .
            
             
               The
               Province
               of
               Costarica
               ,
               lyeth
               between
               Nickuragua
               ,
               and
               Caragua
               ,
               between
               which
               it
               hath
               90
               Leagues
               in
               length
               .
               It
               is
               a
               good
               Land
               ,
               and
               very
               fruitful
               in
               Millet
               ,
               Wheat
               ,
               Flax
               ,
               and
               Sugar
               ,
               plenty
               of
               Mines
               ,
               both
               of
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               ,
               and
               it
               hath
               two
               Spanish
               Towns.
               
            
             
               The
               Province
               of
               Varagua
               lyeth
               between
               Costarica
               and
               Panama
               ,
               adjoyning
               on
               the
               South
               part
               to
               the
               Straight
               of
               Dariana
               .
               The
               northerliest
               is
               in
               
               eleven
               degrees
               ,
               it
               hath
               East
               and
               West
               50
               leagues
               ,
               and
               in
               breadth
               25
               ,
               and
               is
               washed
               as
               Costarica
               ,
               with
               the
               north
               and
               south
               seas
               .
               It
               is
               a
               Mountainous
               Country
               full
               of
               bushes
               ,
               without
               Pasture
               or
               Cattel
               ,
               Wheat
               ,
               or
               Barley
               ,
               but
               it
               hath
               some
               Millet
               ,
               and
               is
               full
               of
               rich
               Mines
               of
               Gold.
               The
               Indians
               are
               few
               ,
               and
               they
               be
               in
               continual
               wars
               with
               the
               Spaniards
               .
            
             
               And
               at
               the
               end
               of
               this
               Varagua
               beginneth
               the
               southern
               America
               .
               And
               therefore
               I
               shall
               return
               back
               to
               the
               other
               parts
               of
               this
               north
               America
               ,
               which
               is
               not
               yet
               discovered
               .
            
             
               The
               Province
               of
               Cibloa
               is
               the
               most
               northerly
               Province
               that
               the
               Spaniards
               possess
               in
               America
               .
               It
               hath
               but
               one
               Spanish
               Town
               .
            
             
               Here
               are
               store
               of
               all
               sorts
               of
               our
               Cattel
               ,
               and
               the
               Ox
               of
               the
               Countrey
               ,
               which
               hath
               a
               bunch
               of
               Flesh
               on
               his
               back
               ,
               of
               the
               bignesse
               of
               a
               mans
               head
               ,
               and
               his
               hair
               is
               shaggy
               and
               long
               ,
               his
               horns
               smaller
               then
               our
               Kines
               horns
               ,
               but
               his
               body
               much
               bigger
               :
               this
               is
               an
               Inland
               Province
               ,
               and
               lyeth
               from
               the
               Sea
               many
               Leagues
               .
            
             
               The
               Province
               of
               New-Biskay
               lyeth
               on
               the
               south-west
               of
               Cibloa
               :
               it
               hath
               store
               of
               Provision
               and
               Cattel
               ,
               and
               divers
               Mines
               of
               Silver
               .
               It
               hath
               two
               fair
               Spanish
               Towns
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               
                 Sancta
                 Barbola
              
               ,
               and
               the
               Baro
               of
               Saint
               Iohn
               ,
               with
               divers
               peaceable
               Indians
               .
               It
               is
               an
               Inland
               Province
               but
               of
               much
               Commerce
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               silver
               Mines
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Province
               of
               Chiamerla
               lyeth
               in
               more
               than
               two
               and
               twenty
               degrees
               of
               hight
               .
               It
               is
               ten
               Leagues
               broad
               ,
               and
               something
               more
               in
               length
               :
               it
               lyeth
               along
               the
               south
               Sea
               ,
               but
               hath
               no
               Ports
               of
               name
               .
            
             
               The
               Province
               of
               Guliacan
               is
               the
               most
               northerly
               Province
               the
               Spaniards
               possesse
               on
               the
               Coast
               of
               the
               south
               Sea
               :
               It
               lyeth
               west
               of
               Chiamerla
               ,
               there
               are
               much
               Cattel
               ,
               Seeds
               ,
               and
               Fruits
               of
               England
               .
            
             
               Sacetas
               lyeth
               south-east
               from
               Biscay
               ,
               It
               is
               very
               wholesome
               in
               some
               parts
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               as
               sickly
               and
               unwholesome
               in
               other
               parts
               ,
               which
               causes
               that
               in
               some
               places
               there
               is
               much
               want
               ,
               and
               in
               other
               places
               as
               much
               plenty
               .
               But
               to
               amend
               all
               defects
               ,
               there
               are
               in
               most
               places
               rich
               silver
               Mines
               .
            
             
               The
               Province
               of
               Xalisco
               hath
               the
               City
               of
               Compostella
               ,
               near
               the
               south
               Sea
               in
               one
               and
               twenty
               degrees
               ,
               nineteen
               Minutes
               :
               there
               is
               the
               Village
               of
               the
               Purification
               south-west
               from
               Gudalaria
               ,
               thirty
               leagues
               :
               this
               land
               is
               hot
               and
               sickly
               ,
               but
               hath
               Mines
               of
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               ,
               good
               store
               of
               provisions
               ,
               and
               excellent
               Horses
               ,
               that
               are
               well
               bred
               for
               any
               service
               .
            
             
               Guadalaira
               is
               the
               best
               of
               all
               the
               Provinces
               of
               
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               New-Galicia
               ,
               and
               the
               most
               Southerly
               :
               It
               hath
               all
               sorts
               of
               Grain
               ,
               Herbs
               ,
               and
               Fruits
               of
               New-Spain
               ;
               and
               plenty
               of
               Kine
               ,
               Horses
               ,
               and
               Swine
               :
               It
               is
               a
               wholesome
               good
               air
               ;
               and
               hath
               many
               silver
               mines
               :
               the
               chief
               City
               and
               Head
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               is
               Guadalaira
               in
               twenty
               degrees
               .
            
             
               The
               Province
               of
               Mechoacan
               lyeth
               between
               the
               Province
               of
               Mexico
               ,
               and
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               New-Galisia
               :
               it
               hath
               in
               breadth
               by
               the
               coast
               of
               the
               South
               Sea
               fourscore
               leagues
               ,
               and
               threescore
               within
               land
               .
               Here
               are
               many
               good
               Mines
               ,
               and
               it
               is
               a
               fruitful
               land
               ,
               and
               hath
               much
               Wheat
               ,
               Millet
               ,
               Coco
               ,
               all
               sorts
               of
               Spanish
               fruits
               ,
               Cotton-wool
               ,
               the
               rich
               drug
               of
               Choconeel
               ,
               store
               of
               Cattel
               and
               Fish
               ,
               and
               the
               Indians
               are
               industrious
               ,
               and
               given
               to
               labour
               :
               the
               chief
               City
               is
               Mechoachan
               :
               it
               stands
               in
               eighteen
               degrees
               ,
               fifteen
               minutes
               ,
               and
               forty
               and
               seven
               leagues
               from
               Mexico
               .
            
             
               The
               Province
               of
               Mexico
               falleth
               between
               Mechoacan
               and
               Talasvalia
               :
               it
               hath
               in
               length
               North
               and
               south
               one
               hundred
               and
               thirty
               leagues
               ,
               and
               in
               breadth
               eighteen
               .
            
             
               Guaxcaca
               Province
               ,
               cometh
               to
               the
               Coast
               of
               the
               South
               Sea
               ,
               and
               it
               lyeth
               between
               Mexico
               and
               Gutamalia
               Province
               ,
               along
               the
               coast
               of
               the
               South
               Sea
               one
               hundred
               leagues
               .
            
             
               Soconusco
               is
               the
               Westerliest
               Province
               of
               the
               
               Kingdom
               of
               Gutamalia
               ,
               it
               joyneth
               to
               the
               Province
               of
               Guaxcaca
               ,
               from
               whence
               it
               lieth
               on
               the
               Southeast
               thirty
               four
               Leagues
               and
               far
               into
               the
               Land.
               It
               is
               plentiful
               of
               Wheat
               ,
               Coco
               ,
               Millet
               ,
               and
               Cattel
               .
            
             
               The
               Province
               of
               Gutamalia
               ,
               is
               the
               head
               of
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               Gutamalia
               ;
               it
               joyneth
               to
               the
               Province
               of
               Soconusco
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               South
               Sea
               ,
               it
               stretcheth
               70
               leagues
               ;
               the
               Country
               is
               of
               a
               good
               temperature
               ,
               and
               plentiful
               of
               Cotton-Wool
               ,
               Wheat
               ,
               Millet
               and
               Cattel
               ,
               and
               other
               Seeds
               and
               fruits
               ;
               the
               Winds
               and
               Rains
               in
               October
               are
               very
               furious
               .
            
             
               This
               Province
               hath
               abundance
               of
               Gold
               ,
               some
               Silver
               ,
               store
               of
               Balm
               ,
               and
               liquid
               Amber
               ,
               
                 Copal
                 ,
                 Suchicopal
              
               ,
               excellent
               liquors
               ,
               and
               the
               
                 Gumme
                 animi
              
               ,
               with
               the
               Beasts
               that
               breed
               the
               Bezoar
               stone
               .
               But
               the
               Volcans
               here
               ,
               are
               very
               noysome
               to
               those
               that
               lie
               near
               them
               ,
               for
               they
               often
               burst
               forth
               ,
               casting
               out
               fire-stones
               and
               ashes
               .
               And
               here
               are
               more
               of
               those
               Volcans
               or
               fire-pits
               ,
               than
               in
               all
               India
               besides
               .
            
             
               The
               Province
               of
               Chiapa
               is
               an
               inland
               Province
               ,
               it
               is
               Mediterrauean
               to
               
                 Soconusco
                 ,
                 Mexico
                 ,
                 Tabasco
              
               :
               and
               Verapas
               ,
               and
               in
               length
               forty
               leagues
               ,
               and
               something
               less
               in
               breadth
               .
               It
               hath
               store
               of
               Wheat
               ,
               Millet
               ,
               and
               other
               Grain
               and
               Seeds
               ,
               much
               Cattel
               ,
               but
               few
               Sheep
               .
            
             
             
               Verapas
               is
               also
               an
               inland
               Province
               of
               Gutamalia
               ,
               and
               is
               Mediterranean
               to
               
                 Chiapa
                 ,
                 Youcatan
                 ,
                 Honduras
              
               ,
               and
               Gutamalia
               of
               thirty
               Leagues
               over
               :
               it
               is
               a
               moist
               Country
               ,
               and
               it
               hath
               plenty
               of
               Millet
               and
               Wheat
               ,
               Cotton-Wool
               ,
               Coco
               ,
               and
               much
               of
               that
               sort
               of
               Fowls
               ,
               whose
               feathers
               make
               the
               rare
               coloured
               Indian
               pictures
               ,
               and
               this
               is
               a
               great
               Merchandise
               amongst
               them
               .
            
             
               Panama
               hath
               a
               Council
               that
               hath
               for
               Jurisdiction
               no
               more
               then
               the
               Province
               of
               Panama
               ,
               and
               the
               election
               of
               the
               Governour
               of
               Veragua
               ,
               in
               regard
               they
               are
               appointed
               Principals
               of
               the
               Navigation
               for
               the
               dispatch
               of
               Peru
               ,
               and
               ordering
               the
               King
               of
               Spains
               Treasure
               ,
               which
               is
               yearly
               transported
               to
               
                 Porto
                 Belio
              
               ,
               over
               the
               straight
               of
               Darien
               ,
               and
               from
               thence
               to
               Spain
               .
               It
               adjoyneth
               on
               Carthagena
               ,
               and
               Popian
               ,
               to
               the
               south-east
               ,
               and
               south-West
               .
            
             
               The
               air
               at
               Panama
               is
               extream
               unwholsome
               ,
               and
               the
               place
               very
               sickly
               ;
               but
               it
               is
               mended
               and
               made
               durable
               ,
               by
               the
               Trade
               is
               brought
               in
               by
               the
               vast
               sums
               yearly
               brought
               there
               to
               carry
               to
               Spain
               ,
               of
               which
               the
               Inhabitants
               get
               part
               .
            
             
               The
               Countrey
               of
               Carthegena
               lyeth
               on
               the
               north
               sea
               ,
               and
               is
               parted
               from
               the
               Province
               of
               Panama
               ,
               by
               the
               River
               of
               Darian
               ,
               from
               whence
               to
               the
               River
               Magdalen
               is
               fourscore
               leagues
               .
               The
               Land
               is
               mountainous
               and
               hilly
               ,
               full
               of
               high
               trees
               ;
               this
               Region
               is
               fruitful
               in
               some
               places
               ,
               and
               in
               other
               
               some
               as
               Barren
               .
               The
               Seed
               of
               England
               will
               grow
               but
               in
               few
               parts
               of
               this
               Countrey
               :
               but
               here
               are
               many
               Cattel
               ,
               Horses
               ,
               and
               Swine
               .
            
             
               The
               temperature
               of
               this
               Countrey
               is
               hot
               and
               very
               rainy
               ,
               neither
               is
               their
               Mines
               worked
               either
               of
               Gold
               or
               Silver
               ,
               but
               much
               rozen
               and
               liquors
               ,
               which
               they
               have
               from
               the
               Trees
               ,
               and
               
                 Sanguis
                 Draconis
              
               .
            
          
           
             
               Granado
               .
            
             
               THis
               Kingdome
               lyeth
               from
               the
               Sea
               ,
               adjoyning
               on
               the
               South
               part
               of
               Cartagena
               .
               It
               is
               a
               very
               rich
               Countrey
               in
               Mines
               of
               Emralds
               ,
               Gold
               ,
               Steel
               ,
               and
               Copper
               ,
               store
               of
               Pastures
               ,
               with
               all
               sorts
               of
               Cattel
               ,
               Wheat
               ,
               Millet
               ,
               Fruits
               and
               Herbs
               .
               The
               Indians
               are
               great
               Traders
               and
               able
               men
               of
               body
               ,
               ingenious
               in
               the
               Sciences
               of
               the
               Spaniards
               .
               The
               Merchandise
               cometh
               up
               the
               River
               Magdalen
               ,
               on
               which
               this
               Land
               lyeth
               .
            
             
               The
               Province
               of
               
                 Sancta
                 Martha
              
               ,
               lyeth
               between
               Cartagena
               and
               the
               River
               Hacha
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               sea
               .
               It
               is
               a
               plentiful
               Country
               of
               Millet
               ,
               Potatoes
               ,
               much
               Gold
               ,
               Emralds
               ,
               and
               other
               rich
               Stones
               ,
               and
               Copper
               .
            
             
               The
               Province
               of
               Venesiula
               ,
               lyeth
               on
               the
               north
               Sea
               ,
               parted
               from
               
                 Sancta
                 Martha
              
               ,
               by
               the
               River
               of
               Hacha
               ,
               on
               the
               east
               is
               the
               Province
               of
               Suava
               ,
               or
               
                 New
                 Andulesia
              
               ,
               as
               the
               Spaniards
               call
               it
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Coasts
               of
               the
               Sea
               is
               near
               one
               hundred
               and
               thirty
               leagues
               of
               length
               .
               In
               this
               Land
               are
               veins
               of
               Gold
               ,
               of
               more
               than
               two
               and
               twenty
               Caracts
               and
               a
               half
               .
               It
               is
               plentiful
               of
               Wheat
               and
               other
               Seeds
               ,
               for
               there
               are
               two
               Harvests
               in
               a
               year
               .
               It
               hath
               abundance
               of
               all
               kind
               of
               Cattel
               great
               and
               smal
               ,
               Cotton
               ,
               and
               Salsaparilla
               .
            
             
               Guana
               .
               This
               Region
               comprehendeth
               all
               the
               Land
               that
               lyeth
               between
               the
               Province
               of
               Venesiula
               and
               Brasill
               ,
               which
               beginneth
               at
               two
               degrees
               of
               South
               latitude
               ;
               this
               Land
               is
               more
               famous
               for
               report
               ,
               than
               for
               any
               certain
               knowledge
               of
               the
               riches
               thereof
               .
            
             
               The
               Provinces
               of
               Plate
               ,
               take
               name
               from
               the
               River
               on
               which
               they
               lie
               :
               the
               passage
               to
               them
               is
               up
               the
               said
               River
               ,
               but
               they
               are
               almost
               on
               the
               back
               of
               Brazil
               .
               They
               are
               large
               and
               far
               wholsomer
               than
               Brazil
               ,
               plenty
               of
               Sugar
               ,
               Ginger
               ,
               Wine
               ,
               Wheat
               ,
               Millet
               ,
               all
               sorts
               of
               English
               Fruits
               ,
               store
               of
               Cattel
               ,
               Swine
               ,
               and
               Horses
               ,
               but
               no
               mines
               that
               are
               worked
               .
               They
               are
               subjected
               by
               the
               Spaniards
               ,
               and
               united
               to
               the
               Council
               of
               Peru
               ,
               on
               the
               South
               Sea
               ,
               for
               nearness
               of
               lying
               to
               that
               Kingdome
               ,
               there
               is
               a
               common
               passage
               from
               these
               Provinces
               thither
               by
               land
               over
               the
               Mountains
               ;
               the
               most
               of
               the
               Land
               is
               indifferently
               inhabited
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Coast
               of
               Chilia
               reacheth
               to
               twenty
               eight
               degrees
               of
               South
               latitude
               .
               This
               Region
               is
               wholesome
               above
               all
               other
               in
               the
               Indies
               ,
               being
               of
               an
               excellent
               temperature
               ,
               as
               neither
               too
               hot
               nor
               too
               cold
               .
               It
               is
               abundantly
               Rich
               in
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               Mines
               and
               all
               sorts
               of
               Cattel
               and
               Grain
               ,
               Fruits
               ,
               and
               excellent
               and
               pleasant
               Wine
               .
               The
               Country
               men
               are
               strong
               and
               valiant
               beyond
               compare
               ,
               which
               the
               Spaniards
               know
               to
               their
               great
               cost
               :
               for
               they
               could
               never
               totally
               subdue
               this
               Nation
               .
            
             
               The
               bounds
               of
               this
               Council
               of
               Charcas
               stretcheth
               from
               Chilia
               to
               Peru
               :
               It
               hath
               abundance
               of
               Cattel
               of
               all
               kinds
               ,
               great
               shag-haired
               Sheep
               bigger
               than
               Goats
               ,
               that
               carry
               great
               burthens
               on
               their
               backs
               ;
               store
               of
               Corn
               of
               all
               sorts
               ,
               Fruits
               and
               Wine
               ,
               much
               Gold
               and
               the
               greatest
               Mines
               of
               Silver
               in
               the
               World.
               There
               are
               few
               Spanish
               Towns
               ,
               and
               but
               one
               but
               Port
               ,
               in
               regard
               the
               Spaniards
               get
               neat
               the
               Hill
               of
               Potosi
               ,
               to
               the
               City
               Imperial
               ,
               which
               lyeth
               in
               nineteen
               degrees
               of
               latitude
               far
               from
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               delivereth
               that
               which
               is
               exported
               ,
               and
               receiveth
               the
               Merchandize
               imported
               at
               the
               City
               of
               Arica
               .
            
          
           
             
               Peru.
               
            
             
               THis
               Kingdom
               is
               governed
               by
               a
               Council
               and
               Viceroy
               .
               It
               hath
               to
               the
               North
               the
               Council
               of
               Quito
               ,
               on
               the
               south
               Charchas
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               west
               the
               south-sea
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               east
               without
               limits
               .
               
               This
               Kingdom
               is
               well
               peopled
               with
               civil
               orderly
               Indians
               ,
               that
               are
               in
               great
               subjection
               to
               the
               
                 Spaniards
                 .
                 Peru
              
               doth
               abound
               in
               all
               sorts
               of
               Fruits
               ,
               Seed
               ,
               Cattel
               ,
               Horses
               ,
               Sheep
               ,
               Swine
               ,
               rich
               Mines
               of
               Gold
               ,
               Silver
               ,
               Quick-silver
               ,
               plentifull
               of
               Wine
               ,
               Oil
               ,
               and
               Sugar
               .
               The
               Andes
               runs
               through
               this
               Province
               within
               ten
               Leagues
               of
               the
               Sea.
               In
               all
               which
               Coasts
               it
               never
               raineth
               ;
               but
               on
               the
               said
               hills
               it
               raineth
               continually
               ,
               and
               beyond
               as
               in
               other
               Regions
               .
               The
               Plains
               between
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               the
               said
               Hills
               have
               few
               or
               no
               Rivers
               ,
               but
               the
               industry
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               draw
               ,
               in
               trenches
               ,
               (
               which
               are
               artificially
               made
               )
               the
               water
               either
               from
               those
               few
               Rivers
               ,
               or
               from
               the
               side
               of
               the
               said
               Andes
               ,
               which
               maketh
               that
               the
               said
               plain
               is
               mighty
               populous
               ,
               fruitful
               and
               pleasant
               ,
               even
               as
               a
               Garden
               .
            
             
               The
               City
               of
               Cusco
               is
               the
               head
               City
               of
               Peru
               ,
               by
               a
               Title
               that
               it
               hath
               from
               the
               King
               of
               Spain
               .
               It
               lyeth
               in
               13
               degrees
               and
               a
               half
               south
               of
               the
               Equinoctial
               .
               It
               is
               a
               very
               great
               City
               ,
               and
               hath
               four
               great
               streets
               that
               go
               to
               the
               four
               parts
               of
               the
               World.
               It
               hath
               many
               Monasteries
               and
               Nunneries
               ,
               with
               a
               Cathedral
               ,
               and
               divers
               Schools
               of
               Indian
               Children
               .
            
          
           
             
               Quito
               .
            
             
               THis
               Kingdome
               is
               governed
               by
               a
               Council
               ,
               whose
               bounds
               lyeth
               between
               Peru
               and
               Panama
               .
               It
               hath
               two
               mighty
               Countreys
               or
               Provinces
               
               within
               his
               circuit
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               first
               Quits
               ,
               and
               then
               
                 Popyan
                 .
                 Quito
              
               lieth
               between
               Peru
               and
               Popyan
               on
               the
               south
               sea
               ,
               and
               far
               into
               the
               land
               under
               the
               Equinoctial
               line
               :
               and
               ,
               contrary
               to
               the
               opinion
               of
               the
               Ancients
               ,
               it
               is
               a
               most
               wholsome
               temperate
               Countrey
               ,
               and
               rather
               cold
               than
               hot
               in
               most
               places
               of
               it
               .
               In
               those
               places
               where
               the
               Snow
               continues
               all
               the
               year
               ,
               it
               raineth
               from
               October
               to
               March
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               Winter
               :
               This
               Province
               is
               rich
               in
               Mines
               of
               Emralds
               ,
               and
               Gold
               ,
               Silver
               ,
               and
               Quick-silver
               ,
               plentiful
               of
               English
               Grain
               and
               Cattel
               ,
               Horse
               ,
               and
               Swine
               .
               This
               Region
               is
               happy
               in
               the
               temperature
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               there
               being
               neither
               extreme
               cold
               nor
               heat
               ,
               as
               lying
               Equinoctial
               to
               these
               extremes
               ,
               and
               ,
               which
               is
               more
               delightful
               to
               mans
               nature
               ,
               always
               a
               clear
               Skie
               .
            
             
               The
               Province
               of
               Popyan
               ,
               lyeth
               between
               Quito
               and
               Panama
               ;
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               it
               is
               Inland
               ,
               yet
               doth
               it
               for
               a
               good
               way
               lie
               on
               the
               south
               sea
               .
               The
               Eastern
               part
               bordereth
               on
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Granado
               and
               Cartagena
               .
            
             
               The
               temperature
               of
               Air
               ,
               is
               very
               different
               in
               this
               place
               ,
               for
               here
               are
               some
               places
               indifferent
               temperate
               and
               cool
               ,
               other
               places
               are
               very
               hot
               and
               sickly
               .
               This
               Province
               hath
               some
               Indians
               peaceable
               ,
               other
               some
               extraordinary
               savage
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               about
               the
               Village
               of
               Arma
               and
               Canarna
               ,
               they
               eat
               not
               only
               those
               that
               they
               take
               in
               War
               ,
               cutting
               off
               slivers
               ,
               eating
               one
               part
               while
               
               the
               other
               liveth
               ;
               but
               sell
               their
               Children
               ,
               and
               the
               Sons
               their
               Fathers
               and
               Mothers
               to
               the
               Butchers
               ,
               who
               keep
               shambles
               of
               mans
               flesh
               .
            
             
               This
               Countrey
               is
               exceeding
               rich
               in
               Gold
               Mines
               ,
               which
               maketh
               that
               the
               Spaniards
               endure
               the
               other
               inconveniencies
               of
               the
               Countrey
               with
               great
               patience
               .
            
          
           
             
               Magellan-Straight
               .
            
             
               This
               Straight
               is
               famous
               for
               the
               troublesome
               passage
               of
               
                 Drake
                 ,
                 Candish
              
               ,
               and
               Haukins
               ,
               three
               English
               men
               Generals
               ,
               each
               in
               a
               several
               Fleet
               :
               Drake
               and
               Candish
               being
               the
               first
               that
               sailed
               along
               the
               coast
               of
               Peru
               ,
               and
               so
               to
               the
               
                 East
                 Indies
              
               ,
               and
               came
               home
               by
               the
               cape
               of
               
                 Bona
                 Speranza
              
               ,
               circum-navigating
               the
               Globe
               .
               The
               last
               being
               much
               over-matched
               was
               taken
               by
               the
               Spaniards
               on
               the
               coast
               of
               Peru
               ,
               and
               conveyed
               from
               thence
               Prisoner
               to
               Spain
               .
               From
               whence
               with
               much
               difficulty
               he
               obtained
               his
               freedom
               ,
               although
               solemn
               engagements
               passed
               from
               the
               General
               his
               Taker
               for
               his
               freedome
               .
            
             
               The
               entrance
               into
               this
               Straight
               is
               in
               52
               degrees
               ,
               and
               the
               coming
               out
               into
               the
               south
               sea
               the
               same
               height
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               an
               extreme
               difficult
               passage
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               meeting
               of
               the
               north
               and
               south
               seas
               in
               the
               channell
               ,
               driving
               each
               other
               back
               ,
               prevailing
               as
               they
               are
               favoured
               by
               the
               wind
               ,
               which
               commonly
               bloweth
               there
               exceeding
               boisterously
               and
               
               cold
               .
               There
               are
               divers
               Caves
               and
               Bayes
               in
               it
               ,
               but
               no
               encouragement
               for
               a
               Seaman
               to
               adventure
               that
               way
               .
               The
               Inhabitants
               on
               this
               Straight
               are
               few
               ,
               and
               extreme
               savage
               ,
               neither
               is
               this
               passage
               any
               more
               in
               use
               :
               for
               those
               that
               will
               go
               by
               the
               south
               of
               America
               to
               the
               
                 East
                 Indies
              
               ,
               or
               into
               the
               south
               sea
               ,
               to
               any
               part
               of
               the
               west
               coast
               of
               America
               ,
               have
               a
               more
               convenient
               passage
               south
               of
               this
               Straight
               in
               an
               open
               sea
               .
               The
               entrance
               into
               it
               is
               called
               Lamair
               ,
               but
               the
               sea
               was
               discovered
               by
               Sir
               
                 Francis
                 Drake
              
               ,
               and
               Sir
               
                 Richard
                 Haukins
              
               ,
               both
               which
               were
               driven
               back
               by
               foul
               weather
               into
               those
               seas
               after
               they
               had
               passed
               the
               Strait
               .
            
             
               On
               the
               coast
               of
               the
               south
               sea
               ,
               which
               lyeth
               between
               the
               Straight
               and
               Chilli
               ,
               there
               are
               no
               inhabitants
               save
               the
               wild
               Natives
               ,
               but
               it
               hath
               the
               Bay
               of
               Horses
               in
               52
               degrees
               ,
               and
               the
               Bay
               of
               Saint
               Iohn
               in
               50.
               
               The
               cape
               of
               Saint
               Francis
               in
               51.
               
               And
               18
               Leagues
               before
               you
               come
               to
               Port
               Hearnan
               the
               Bay
               of
               Galago
               in
               48
               degrees
               40
               Minutes
               :
               and
               north
               of
               it
               the
               Bay
               of
               Kings
               ,
               and
               the
               Isle
               of
               Catilina
               ;
               then
               the
               Cape
               of
               Saint
               Andrew
               in
               42
               degrees
               ,
               where
               Chilia
               beginneth
            
             
               There
               is
               a
               coast
               between
               the
               River
               of
               Plate
               ,
               and
               the
               Straight
               of
               Magellan
               .
               The
               Straight
               lyeth
               southwest
               from
               the
               mouth
               of
               this
               River
               ,
               and
               is
               distant
               thence
               400
               Leagues
               .
               It
               hath
               on
               the
               said
               coast
               ,
               first
               the
               point
               of
               Saint
               Helena
               in
               37
               degrees
               ,
               the
               point
               of
               Francis
               in
               38
               ,
               the
               River
               of
               
               Canobi
               in
               45.
               
               And
               to
               the
               south
               the
               Isle
               of
               Ducks
               .
               And
               in
               47
               the
               River
               of
               Seriani
               ,
               and
               in
               49
               the
               Port
               of
               Saint
               Iulian
               ,
               the
               River
               of
               
                 Sancta
                 Crux
              
               in
               50.
               
               And
               12
               leagues
               before
               you
               come
               to
               the
               Straight
               of
               Ilefonsus
               .
               But
               the
               Land
               possest
               with
               no
               other
               but
               the
               Natives
               ,
               which
               are
               a
               Giantly
               people
               .
            
             
               This
               Magellanica
               belongs
               to
               the
               King
               of
               Spain
               ,
               which
               some
               Geographers
               would
               have
               now
               the
               fifth
               part
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               it
               is
               since
               found
               out
               to
               be
               a
               very
               little
               part
               ,
               as
               consisting
               only
               of
               some
               few
               Islands
               ,
               on
               the
               southern
               side
               of
               the
               Magellanick-Straights
               ,
               so
               called
               ,
               by
               
                 Fredericus
                 Magellanicus
              
               ,
               who
               discovered
               it
               in
               the
               year
               one
               thousand
               five
               hundred
               and
               twenty
               :
               writing
               moreover
               that
               there
               he
               had
               seen
               tall
               men
               about
               nine
               and
               ten
               foot
               high
               ;
               and
               he
               saw
               many
               fires
               which
               the
               inhabitants
               had
               kindled
               ,
               doubtless
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               coldnesse
               of
               the
               weather
               :
               he
               named
               it
               the
               land
               of
               fire
               ,
               or
               smoky
               ,
               whereby
               he
               presumed
               the
               more
               that
               it
               must
               needs
               be
               a
               very
               vast
               great
               countrey
               ,
               reaching
               east
               and
               westwards
               unto
               new
               Guinney
               ,
               according
               to
               which
               ghessing
               ,
               it
               hath
               hitherto
               been
               delineated
               by
               the
               Maps
               of
               Geographers
               ;
               but
               since
               hath
               there
               instead
               thereof
               a
               large
               and
               wide
               sea
               been
               found
               out
               ,
               both
               by
               
                 Iacob
                 Le
                 Mair
              
               ,
               who
               in
               the
               year
               one
               thousand
               six
               hundred
               and
               sixteen
               ,
               sayling
               about
               the
               southern
               coast
               of
               these
               Islands
               ,
               entred
               into
               the
               Indies
               ;
               and
               by
               
                 Iohn
                 Davis
              
               ,
               in
               the
               year
               one
               thousand
               six
               hundred
               forty
               two
               ,
               who
               
               sailing
               towards
               the
               North
               ,
               about
               on
               thousand
               six
               hundred
               forty
               ,
               further
               than
               Guinny
               ,
               discovered
               divers
               Lands
               ,
               and
               passing
               on
               the
               South-side
               ,
               sailed
               about
               the
               East
               coast
               of
               New
               Guinny
               ,
               and
               so
               going
               on
               Westward
               he
               came
               to
               the
               Indies
               ;
               whence
               we
               may
               certainly
               gather
               ,
               that
               all
               the
               former
               descriptions
               and
               definitions
               of
               the
               Magellanick
               and
               unknown
               Lands
               are
               but
               mean
               abuses
               and
               certain
               devised
               Fables
               .
            
             
               These
               Lands
               and
               Countries
               being
               subdued
               in
               the
               space
               of
               60
               years
               ,
               with
               much
               blood
               and
               hazard
               ,
               were
               settled
               as
               his
               Dominions
               in
               the
               year
               1550
               ,
               from
               which
               time
               they
               have
               continued
               without
               any
               remarkable
               alteration
               ,
               setting
               aside
               some
               private
               inroads
               of
               the
               
                 English
                 ,
                 Dutch
              
               ,
               and
               French
               ,
               till
               the
               business
               of
               Iamaica
               ,
               which
               now
               threatens
               some
               danger
               to
               the
               vast
               and
               potent
               body
               of
               the
               Spanish
               Empire
               .
            
          
           
             
               Brazil
               .
            
             
               This
               Province
               beginneth
               where
               Guana
               endeth
               ,
               at
               two
               degrees
               of
               south
               latitude
               ,
               where
               there
               is
               a
               point
               called
               the
               Cape
               of
               Snakes
               ,
               from
               whence
               it
               lyeth
               along
               the
               Coast
               of
               the
               North-Sea
               to
               twenty
               five
               degrees
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               back-side
               west
               ,
               lyeth
               the
               Provinces
               of
               the
               River
               of
               Plate
               .
               The
               air
               is
               the
               whole
               year
               through
               very
               hot
               ,
               the
               Winter
               ;
               which
               your
               Summer
               ,
               distinguished
               only
               with
               the
               rain
               that
               falleth
               at
               that
               season
               .
            
             
             
               Here
               are
               many
               venemous
               Worms
               ,
               and
               great
               Serpents
               ;
               't
               is
               plentiful
               of
               Pastures
               ,
               Cattel
               ,
               and
               Horses
               ,
               little
               Millet
               ,
               and
               no
               English
               grain
               ;
               wherefore
               their
               bread
               is
               Casabi
               or
               Potatoes
               ,
               which
               are
               in
               great
               plenty
               .
               There
               are
               great
               shews
               of
               silver
               and
               gold
               ,
               but
               none
               gotten
               ,
               nor
               Mines
               certainly
               known
               .
               The
               chief
               commodity
               is
               Sugar
               Cotton-wool
               ,
               Bombast
               ,
               and
               Brazil
               wood
               .
               It
               hath
               near
               the
               Sea-coast
               about
               20.
               
               Portugal
               Towns
               ,
               many
               Ingeniowes
               ,
               or
               Sugerworks
               :
               the
               first
               Town
               of
               the
               Country
               is
               called
               Tamerico
               ,
               and
               five
               leagues
               to
               the
               south
               of
               that
               Farnambuck
               or
               Recif
               ,
               then
               
                 All
                 Saints
              
               a
               hundred
               leagues
               from
               Farnambuck
               in
               fourteen
               degrees
               forty
               minutes
               .
               The
               Town
               of
               the
               Sure-haven
               in
               16
               degrees
               and
               a
               half
               ,
               the
               Holy-Ghost
               in
               20.
               
               There
               is
               another
               Town
               on
               the
               River
               Generio
               ,
               in
               twenty
               three
               degrees
               ,
               near
               which
               they
               cut
               much
               Brasil-wood
               .
               There
               are
               on
               the
               coast
               eight
               or
               ten
               Ports
               ,
               more
               principal
               than
               the
               rest
               ,
               which
               are
               the
               River
               Saint
               Dominick
               northeast
               of
               Farnambuck
               ,
               by
               the
               Cape
               of
               Saint
               Augustine
               ,
               which
               standeth
               in
               nine
               degrees
               .
               The
               Island
               of
               Tamerico
               before
               rehearsed
               ,
               the
               River
               of
               Saint
               Francis
               in
               ten
               degrees
               and
               a
               half
               .
               It
               is
               very
               great
               .
               The
               Bay
               of
               
                 All
                 Saints
              
               is
               three
               leagues
               and
               thirteen
               up
               into
               the
               land
               .
               The
               River
               of
               Trinidado
               and
               the
               River
               of
               Canamon
               in
               13
               degrees
               and
               a
               half
               ,
               and
               the
               River
               of
               the
               Virgins
               in
               16
               ,
               and
               Portesceurae
               in
               17.
               
               The
               River
               of
               Parague
               in
               twenty
               near
               the
               Town
               of
               
                 Sanctus
                 Spiritus
              
               ,
               and
               in
               twenty
               three
               degrees
               Cold
               Cape
               beyond
               Saint
               Vincent
               .
               This
               Province
               
               hath
               been
               in
               difference
               betwen
               the
               Portugeses
               and
               West-India
               Company
               of
               Holland
               ,
               and
               as
               the
               Dutch
               got
               great
               footing
               there
               without
               right
               ,
               so
               the
               Portugals
               ,
               since
               their
               falling
               from
               Spain
               ,
               have
               surprized
               them
               again
               ;
               and
               recovered
               them
               by
               the
               same
               slight
               they
               got
               the
               East-Indies
               from
               us
               ,
               but
               not
               with
               such
               vile
               murthers
               ,
               as
               they
               committed
               on
               the
               English.
               
            
             
               This
               Reconquest
               of
               it
               by
               the
               Portugal
               from
               the
               Dutch
               was
               in
               1654
               ,
               the
               strong
               Fort
               of
               Recif
               which
               held
               out
               the
               last
               ,
               being
               delivered
               to
               them
               ,
               with
               the
               whole
               Land
               ,
               by
               certain
               Articles
               ,
               which
               contained
               the
               whole
               surrender
               ,
               for
               which
               the
               Dutch
               General
               there
               ,
               
                 Sigismond
                 Schop
              
               ,
               at
               his
               comming
               home
               into
               Holland
               was
               tried
               for
               his
               life
               ,
               but
               his
               Friends
               ,
               or
               the
               Justice
               of
               his
               Cause
               preserved
               him
               .
            
             
               And
               thus
               now
               God
               enabling
               me
               ,
               I
               have
               finished
               the
               Description
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               and
               the
               four
               parts
               thereof
               :
               and
               leave
               my
               endeavours
               herein
               to
               the
               judgement
               of
               the
               Reader
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             chiefest
             Cities
             of
             America
             ,
             with
             the
             Names
             of
             the
             Rivers
             .
          
           
             IN
             the
             Northern
             part
             of
             America
             ,
             are
             
               Greenland
               ,
               East-land
            
             ,
             and
             Iceland
             ,
             in
             which
             are
             the
             Towns
             of
             Bearford
             ,
             and
             Scalbod
             .
          
           
             In
             Canada
             or
             new
             France
             ,
             are
             the
             Towns
             of
             Quebec
             ,
             and
             Port-Royal
             ,
             some
             degrees
             more
             southerly
             ,
             are
             New-England
             ,
             the
             
               New-Low-countries
               ,
               Virginia
            
             ,
             the
             Isles
             of
             Bermudes
             ,
             and
             more
             southerly
             of
             them
             ,
             the
             Islands
             of
             Barbadoes
             and
             Saint
             Christophers
             :
             In
             Virginia
             are
             the
             towns
             of
             Iames
             :
             In
             New-England
             the
             towns
             of
             Plimmouth
             and
             Boston
             :
             the
             Rivers
             in
             Canada
             that
             be
             most
             famous
             ,
             are
             the
             River
             of
             Canada
             ,
             or
             Saint
             Lawrence
             :
             the
             River
             of
             Chesseapeac
             ,
             or
             
               Powatan
               ,
               Trinity
            
             ,
             and
             the
             River
             of
             May.
             
          
           
             The
             Cities
             in
             New-Mexico
             that
             are
             most
             remarkable
             ,
             are
             the
             End
             ,
             and
             the
             Granado
             .
          
           
             In
             Hispaniola
             is
             the
             City
             of
             Domingo
             ,
             in
             Cubai
             the
             City
             called
             Havana
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             Isle
             of
             Iamaica
             ,
             the
             City
             called
             Sevilla
             :
             In
             the
             Island
             of
             
               Boriquenrie
               ,
               Puerto-Rico
            
             :
             In
             Florida
             
             is
             Saint
             Augustino
             :
             In
             Mexico
             ,
             or
             New-Spain
             ,
             are
             these
             great
             Cities
             ,
             
               Mexico
               ,
               Mechoacan
            
             ,
             or
             Wallodolid
             ,
             Saint
             
               Estevan
               ,
               Del
               Puerto
               ,
               Los-Angeles
               ,
               Antequera
               De
               la
               Vetoria
               ,
               Meroda
               ,
               Guadalaida
               ,
               Compostella
               ,
            
             Saint
             Sebastian
             ,
             Saint
             
               Miguel
               ,
               Gernada
            
             ,
             and
             Zacateca
             .
          
           
             There
             are
             also
             Saint
             
               Iago
               ,
               De
               Guatimala
               ,
               Guevetulan
               ,
               Cividad
               Real
               ,
               Verapax
               ,
               Valadolid
               ,
            
             or
             
               Commagaiva
               ,
               Leoa
               de
               Nicaragua
               ,
               Cartago
               ,
               La
               Conception
               ,
               Porto
               ello
               ,
            
             and
             Panama
             .
          
           
             The
             Rivers
             here
             most
             famous
             ,
             are
             North
             of
             
               New-Mexico
               ,
               Spiritu
               Sancto
            
             ,
             towards
             the
             east
             ,
             
               Spiritu
               Sancto
            
             towards
             the
             west
             ;
             
               Econdido
               ,
               Panuco
               ,
               Barania
               ,
               Zacatula
               ,
            
             and
             
               Desaguadero
               ,
               de
               Nicaragua
            
             .
          
           
             In
             
               Terra
               Firma
            
             ,
             are
             the
             famous
             Cities
             of
             Cartagena
             ,
             Saint
             Martha
             ,
             Saint
             
               Fe
               de
               Bogatta
               ,
               Na
               Sa
               de
               los
               Remedios
               ,
               Veneznella
               ,
               O
               Cori
               ,
               Cordova
               ,
               Lannuen●…
               ,
               O
               Comana
               ,
               Manoa
               ,
               O
               el
               Dorado
               .
            
          
           
             In
             Peru
             are
             these
             remarkable
             Cities
             ,
             
               Cali
               Popaian
            
             ,
             Saint
             
               Francisco
               ,
               de
               Quito
               ,
               Bacca
               ,
            
             Saint
             
               Iuan
               de
               las
               Selinas
               ,
               Lima
               O
               los
               Reyes
               ,
               Cusco
               ,
               Potosi
               ,
               la
               Plata
               ,
               Sancta
               Cruz
               de
               la
               Sierra
               ,
            
             Saint
             
               Iago
               de
               Chili
            
             ,
             and
             
               L'
               Imperiale
            
             .
          
           
             The
             Rivers
             which
             are
             most
             famous
             in
             
               Terra
               Firma
            
             and
             in
             Peru
             ,
             the
             River
             
               Grand
               ,
               O
               de
               Darien
            
             :
             the
             River
             
               Grand
               O
               de
               Santa
               Martha
               ,
               Paria
               ,
               Orinoque
               ,
               Essequebe
               ,
            
             and
             
               Desaguedero
               de
               Peru.
            
             
          
           
             In
             the
             south
             part
             of
             America
             ,
             is
             
               Terra
               Magellanica
            
             ,
             where
             is
             the
             City
             of
             
               Del
               Rey
               Felippe
            
             ,
             there
             
             are
             the
             Magellan
             Isles
             ,
             and
             
               Terra
               del
               Foco.
            
             
          
           
             In
             Brasil
             are
             these
             fifteen
             memorable
             Cities
             
               Para
               ,
               Maranhan
               ,
               Ciara
               ,
               Potenii
               ,
               Paraiba
               ,
               Tamaraca
               ,
               Olinda
               ,
               Seregippe
               ,
            
             Saint
             
               Salvador
               ,
               Los
               Isteos
               ,
               Porto
               Seguro
               ,
               Spiritu
               Sancto
               ,
               Sancte
               ,
               Sebastian
               ,
               Los
               Santos
               ,
            
             and
             Farnambuck
             .
          
           
             The
             Rivers
             in
             Brasile
             are
             Orelane
             ,
             or
             
               des
               Amazones
               ,
               Maragnan
               ,
               O
               de
               Mirari
               ,
               Tabacourn
               ,
            
             the
             great
             River
             of
             Potengi
             ,
             the
             River
             Zoyal
             .
          
           
             In
             
               Ria
               de
               plata
            
             are
             the
             Cities
             of
             Saint
             
               Iago
               ,
               del
               Festero
               ,
               Cordova
               ,
               de
               Tucuman
               ,
               L.
               Assumtion
               ,
               Cividad
               Real
               O
               Ontiveros
               .
            
             The
             River
             here
             that
             is
             most
             famous
             is
             called
             Paraguay
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           
             A
             Catalogue
             of
             some
          
           Plates
           ,
           Maps
           ,
           Pictures
           ,
           and
           Copy-books
           ,
           
             that
             are
             Printed
             and
             Sold
             by
          
           John
           Overton
           ,
           
             dwelling
             at
             the
             sign
             of
             the
          
           White
           Horse
           
             next
             door
             to
             Little
             Saint
          
           Bartholomews
           Gate
           ,
           
             in
             Little
          
           Brittain
           .
        
         
           
             General
             Maps
             .
          
           
             A
             Map
             of
             the
             World.
             A
             most
             excellent
             Map
             of
             
               England
               ,
               Scotland
            
             ,
             and
             Ireland
             .
             A
             Map
             of
             France
             .
             A
             new
             Map
             of
             England
             adorned
             and
             beautified
             with
             the
             chief
             Cities
             and
             Towns
             thereof
             more
             exact
             than
             hitherto
             .
          
        
         
           
             Maps
             of
             Shires
             .
          
           
             Kent
             two
             sheets
             .
             Essex
             .
             Surrey
             .
             Hartfordshire
             .
             Norfolk
             .
             Suffolk
             .
             Staffordshire
             .
             Warwickshire
             .
             Worcestershire
             .
             Leicestershire
             and
             Rutland
             in
             one
             .
             Cheshire
             .
             Lancashire
             .
             Virginia
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pictures
             of
             Men
             in
             Quarto
             .
          
           
             The
             Picture
             of
             Oliver
             Cromwell
             ,
             Sir
             Tho.
             Overbury
             .
             Cardinal
             Wolsey
             .
             Sir
             Tho.
             Gresham
             .
             D.
             of
             Buckingham
             .
             Prince
             &
             Princess
             of
             Orange
             .
             Prince
             Rupert
             .
             Prince
             Maurice
             .
             E.
             of
             Salisbury
             .
             Mr.
             Brightman
             .
             Bish.
             Usher
             .
             Dr.
             Eravius
             .
             M.
             Shelton
             .
             Gen.
             Lashly
             .
             L.
             Say.
             E.
             of
             Pembrook
             .
             E.
             of
             Manchester
             .
          
        
         
           
             Great
             Sheets
             .
          
           
             The
             Pourtraictures
             of
             their
             most
             excellent
             Majesties
             King
             
               Charles
               2d
            
             .
             and
             Queen
             Katherine
             ,
             most
             excellently
             Graven
             to
             the
             life
             beyond
             all
             Draughts
             before
             ;
             in
             Imperial
             Paper
             .
             The
             Pourtraictures
             of
             all
             the
             Royal
             Progeny
             .
          
           
             Battel
             of
             Nazeby
             2
             sheets
             with
             observations
             .
             Dunbar-battel
             in
             2
             sheets
             .
             4
             Plates
             of
             signs
             or
             badges
             for
             Inns
             or
             Taverns
             ,
             42.
             
             The
             City
             of
             London
             ,
             Gunpowder
             Treason
             ,
             and
             88.
             
             The
             Arms
             of
             the
             
             Trades
             and
             Corporations
             of
             London
             74.
             
             A
             Death
             Jerusalem
             2
             sheets
             .
             Collonel
             Ludlow
             on
             Horseback
             .
             X
             Commandments
             .
             X
             Persecutions
             of
             Christians
             .
             Orpheus
             .
          
        
         
           
             Copy-Books
             .
          
           
             Some
             late
             Copy-Books
             by
             Ed.
             Cocker
             with
             several
             Books
             of
             Flowers
             ,
             Beasts
             ,
             Birds
             ,
             Flies
             ,
             and
             Worms
             ,
             very
             delightful
             and
             useful
             to
             all
             Naturalists
             .
             A
             Book
             of
             Flowers
             and
             Fishes
             with
             the
             same
             curiosity
             of
             Art.
             Davis
             Copy-Book
             .
             Billingsley
             in
             Quarto
             .
             Billingsley
             in
             Octavo
             .
             One
             published
             by
             
               P.
               S.
               2d
            
             .
             by
             Lewis
             Hews
             2d
             .
             called
             Hancocks
             22.
             
             Plates
             .
             And
             all
             other
             sorts
             of
             Copy-Books
             that
             are
             to
             be
             had
             in
             London
             .
          
        
         
           
             Books
             for
             Draughts
             of
             Men
             ,
             Birds
             ;
             Beasts
             ,
             Flowers
             ,
             Fruits
             ,
             Flyes
             ,
             Fishes
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             1
             Book
             of
             J.
             Fullers
             Drawings
             ,
             15.
             plates
             .
          
           
             1
             Book
             of
             Draughts
             of
             Mr.
             Hollars
             work
             ,
             and
             Mr.
             Vanderburghs
             18
             plates
             .
          
           
             Flora
             13
             plates
             ,
             Beasts
             ,
             Birds
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             1
             Book
             of
             Birds
             sitting
             on
             sprigs
             16
             plates
             .
          
           
             1
             Book
             of
             Beasts
             .
             1
             Book
             of
             branches
             11
             plates
          
           
             1
             Book
             of
             Flowers
             ,
             12
             Plates
             for
             Cheese
             trenchers
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pictures
             in
             Sheets
             of
             their
             Excellencies
             .
          
           
             Rob.
             E.
             Essex
             .
             Tho.
             L.
             Fairfax
             .
             Also
             O.
             Cromwell
          
           
             Divers
             Pictures
             of
             Mr.
             Payn
             ,
             Hollar
             ,
             Faythorn
             ,
             Pumbarp
             ,
             Gaywood
             ,
             and
             other
             Artists
             works
             .
             And
             all
             other
             sorts
             of
             Maps
             ,
             Pictures
             ,
             Copy-books
             ,
             &c.
             that
             are
             usually
             sold
             in
             black
             and
             white
             ,
             and
             in
             Colour
             .
          
           
             Minerva
             and
             7
             liberal
             Arts.
             
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
         
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A41246-e530
           
             The
             Earth
             .
          
           
             The
             Air.
             
          
           
             The
             Fruits
             .