A new description of the world, or, A compendious treatise of the empires, kingdoms, states, provinces, countries, islands, cities, and towns of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America in their scituation, product, manufactures, and commodities, geographical and historical : with an account of the natures of the people in their habits, customes, warrs, religions, and policies &c. : as also of the rarities, wonders, and curiosities of fishes, beasts, birds, rivers, mountains, plants, &c., with several remarkable revolutions and delightful histories / faithfully collected from the best authors by S. Clark.
         Clarke, Samuel, 1599-1682.
      
       
         
           1689
        
      
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         43371
         
           
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             A new description of the world, or, A compendious treatise of the empires, kingdoms, states, provinces, countries, islands, cities, and towns of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America in their scituation, product, manufactures, and commodities, geographical and historical : with an account of the natures of the people in their habits, customes, warrs, religions, and policies &c. : as also of the rarities, wonders, and curiosities of fishes, beasts, birds, rivers, mountains, plants, &c., with several remarkable revolutions and delightful histories / faithfully collected from the best authors by S. Clark.
             Clarke, Samuel, 1599-1682.
          
           [4], 232 p.
           
             Printed for Hen. Rhodes,
             London :
             1689.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign Campus). Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Geography.
        
      
    
     
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               Behold
               How
               Providence
               In
               all
               Affairs
               ,
            
             
               Governs
               the
               world
               ,
               Earth
               ,
               water
               ,
               Aire
               ,
               fire
               ,
               Stars
               ,
            
             
               Men
               and
               the
               Glorys
               of
               the
               Mighty
               frame
               .
            
             
               Depend
               upon
               the
               bright
               Celestial
               Dame.
               
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           NEW
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           THE
           WORLD
           .
        
         
           OR
           A
           Compendious
           Treatise
           of
           the
           Empires
           ,
           Kingdoms
           ,
           States
           ,
           Provinces
           ,
           Countries
           ,
           Islands
           ,
           Cities
           and
           Towns
           of
           
             Europe
             ,
             Asia
             ,
             Africa
          
           and
           America
           :
           In
           their
           Scituation
           ,
           Product
           ,
           Manufactures
           ,
           and
           Commodities
           ,
           Geographical
           and
           Historical
           .
        
         
           WITH
           An
           Account
           of
           the
           Natures
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           in
           their
           Habits
           ,
           Customes
           ,
           Warrs
           ,
           Religions
           and
           Policies
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           AS
           ALSO
           Of
           the
           Rarities
           ,
           Wonders
           and
           Curiosities
           ,
           of
           Fishes
           ,
           Beasts
           ,
           Birds
           ,
           Rivers
           ,
           Mountains
           ,
           Plants
           ,
           &c.
           
           With
           several
           Remarkable
           Revolutions
           ,
           and
           Delightful
           Histories
           .
        
         
           Faithfully
           Collected
           from
           the
           best
           Authors
           ,
           By
           
             S.
             Clark.
          
           
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             Hen.
             Rhodes
          
           next
           Door
           to
           the
           
             Swan
             Tavern
          
           ,
           near
           Brides-Lane
           ,
           in
           Fleet-Street
           ,
           ●689
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           Licensed
           ,
           August
           
             the
             11th
             .
             1688.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Introduction
           Addressed
           to
           the
           READER
           .
        
         
           WHEN
           the
           great
           and
           wise
           Creator
           of
           the
           Universe
           thought
           it
           in
           Eternal
           Wisdom
           convenient
           to
           build
           the
           Mansion
           ,
           all
           Creatures
           now
           inhabited
           ,
           he
           left
           nothing
           undone
           that
           might
           contribute
           to
           the
           Glory
           and
           Magnificence
           of
           so
           great
           a
           work
           ;
           and
           lest
           Mankind
           ,
           the
           top
           of
           the
           Creation
           ,
           should
           grow
           supine
           ,
           and
           neglect
           the
           filling
           or
           peopling
           every
           part
           of
           so
           admirable
           a
           Frame
           ,
           he
           even
           compelled
           them
           to
           do
           it
           by
           confounding
           their
           Language
           at
           Babel
           ,
           and
           thereby
           obliging
           them
           as
           they
           multiplied
           ,
           to
           scatter
           over
           the
           Face
           of
           the
           
           Earth
           ,
           that
           none
           of
           his
           wonderous
           works
           might
           remain
           obscure
           or
           unobserved
           to
           those
           for
           whose
           use
           and
           pleasure
           they
           were
           made
           ;
           by
           which
           means
           the
           people
           in
           sundry
           Tribes
           ,
           wandering
           from
           place
           to
           place
           ,
           incroaching
           by
           degrees
           ,
           as
           men
           began
           to
           multiply
           ,
           planted
           themselves
           in
           the
           most
           advantagious
           Countries
           ,
           every
           one
           striving
           for
           the
           best
           :
           however
           ,
           through
           Wars
           ,
           Pestilence
           ,
           Inundations
           ,
           and
           other
           strange
           Revolutions
           and
           Accidents
           ,
           it
           is
           past
           all
           peradventure
           ,
           that
           the
           bad
           as
           well
           as
           the
           good
           found
           possessors
           ,
           as
           at
           this
           day
           .
           Though
           ,
           Reader
           ,
           I
           shall
           not
           trouble
           you
           in
           this
           place
           ,
           with
           entring
           upon
           the
           original
           Peopling
           of
           Kingdoms
           and
           Countries
           ,
           ●s
           to
           particulars
           ;
           but
           let
           you
           know
           that
           my
           care
           has
           been
           to
           present
           you
           with
           Geographical
           and
           Historical
           Description
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           as
           it
           formerly
           stood
           ,
           and
           at
           present
           stands
           :
           and
           though
           upon
           first
           thought
           it
           may
           seem
           strange
           ,
           that
           in
           so
           small
           a
           Volume
           so
           large
           a
           one
           can
           be
           contained
           ,
           yet
           upon
           perusal
           you
           will
           find
           that
           nothing
           material
           is
           omitted
           ,
           that
           can
           be
           required
           to
           render
           satisfaction
           upon
           this
           occasion
           :
           insomuch
           ,
           that
           by
           well
           considering
           this
           Work
           ,
           a
           mean
           Capacity
           may
           suddenly
           know
           how
           the
           Worlds
           mighty
           Fabrick
           is
           disposed
           ,
           and
           soon
           become
           acquainted
           with
           every
           Country
           under
           Heaven
           ,
           enough
           to
           render
           him
           
           capable
           not
           only
           of
           contemplating
           the
           Goodness
           of
           the
           Almighty
           ,
           in
           his
           VVorks
           and
           Creatures
           ,
           but
           readily
           Discoursing
           ,
           even
           with
           the
           most
           knowing
           Travellers
           ,
           and
           without
           hazarding
           the
           danger
           of
           treacherous
           Seas
           ,
           Winds
           ,
           Robbers
           ,
           and
           a
           VVorld
           of
           Inconveniencies
           that
           attend
           an
           expensive
           search
           into
           these
           Affairs
           ;
           securely
           Travel
           in
           Imagination
           from
           Pole
           to
           Pole.
           For
           to
           be
           brief
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           Kingdom
           ,
           Province
           ,
           or
           Estate
           ,
           that
           is
           wittingly
           left
           out
           of
           this
           History
           or
           Treatise
           ;
           and
           as
           to
           what
           is
           most
           material
           ,
           the
           Account
           is
           considerably
           large
           ;
           wherefore
           recommending
           it
           to
           the
           benefit
           of
           my
           Country
           Men
           ,
           I
           remain
           Reader
           ,
        
         
           
             Your
             Friend
             to
             serve
             ,
             In
             what
             I
             may
             ,
             S.
             Clark.
             
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           Of
           EUROPE
           ,
           a
           brief
           DESCRIPTION
           .
        
         
           EVROPE
           is
           the
           least
           of
           the
           Four
           parts
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           yet
           nothing
           inferiour
           in
           Goodness
           to
           the
           rest
           ,
           in
           the
           Generosity
           of
           People
           ,
           Riches
           ,
           Worth
           and
           Vertue
           ,
           and
           exceeding
           them
           ,
           if
           we
           consider
           the
           Flourishing
           of
           the
           True
           Religion
           ;
           and
           is
           said
           to
           take
           its
           Name
           from
           Europa
           the
           Daughter
           of
           Agenor
           King
           of
           Phoenicia
           ;
           containing
           many
           Flourishing
           Kingdoms
           and
           Provinces
           ;
           as
           will
           appear
           in
           the
           sequel
           .
           And
           is
           accounted
           in
           length
           2800
           miles
           ;
           In
           breadth
           1200
           ;
           bounded
           on
           the
           West
           ,
           with
           the
           main
           Ocean
           ;
           on
           the
           East
           ,
           with
           the
           Aegean
           Sea
           ,
           
             Pontus
             Euxinus
          
           ,
           the
           Fenns
           of
           Maeotis
           ,
           and
           the
           River
           Tanais
           ;
           from
           which
           a
           right
           Line
           conjecturally
           drawn
           from
           the
           Bay
           of
           Granvicus
           ,
           it
           is
           dis-joined
           from
           Asia
           ;
           In
           the
           North
           ,
           it
           is
           bounded
           with
           the
           Hyperborean
           Sea
           ;
           and
           on
           the
           South
           ,
           with
           the
           Mediterranean
           ,
           divided
           into
           Continent
           ,
           and
           Islands
           ,
           the
           Continent
           Intire
           ,
           and
           the
           Islands
           dispersed
           ,
           In
           the
           
             Greek
             ,
             Ionian
             ,
             Aegean
             ,
             Adriatick
             ,
             Mediterranean
             ,
             Cretan
             ,
          
           and
           Northern
           Seas
           ;
           divided
           chiefly
           into
           
             France
             ,
             Spain
             ,
             Italy
          
           ,
           the
           
             Alps
             ,
             Germany
             ,
             Britain
             ,
             Belgium
             ,
             Denmark
             ,
             Swedeland
             ,
             Hungary
             ,
             Sclavonia
             ,
             Russia
             ,
             Poland
             ,
             Dacia
             ,
          
           and
           Greece
           ;
           with
           the
           dispersed
           Islands
           .
           And
           in
           Europe
           ,
           beside
           the
           Latin
           Tongue
           ,
           which
           is
           now
           rather
           Scholastical
           ,
           than
           National
           ,
           there
           are
           other
           diversities
           of
           Language
           ,
           besides
           the
           Italian
           and
           French
           ,
           supposed
           to
           be
           corruptly
           derived
           from
           the
           Latin
           ;
           and
           has
           been
           Famous
           by
           twice
           giving
           Laws
           to
           the
           World
           ,
           during
           the
           flourishing
           of
           the
           Greek
           and
           Roman
           Empires
           ;
           and
           at
           this
           day
           ,
           though
           the
           least
           of
           the
           four
           parts
           ,
           it
           excels
           ,
           in
           what
           may
           be
           called
           solid
           good
           ,
           the
           other
           Three
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           A
           Queen
           she
           Reigns
           ,
           upheld
           by
           strictest
           Fate
           ,
        
         
           Whilst
           th'
           other
           Three
           ,
           on
           her
           as
           Hand-Maids
           wait
           ,
        
         
           With
           Tribute
           Glories
           ,
           to
           enrich
           her
           State.
           
        
         
           
           
             A
             Geographical
             AND
             Historical
             Description
             OF
             THE
             KINGDOM
             OF
             FRANCE
             ,
             In
             its
             Particular
             Countries
             ,
             Provinces
             ,
             Cities
             ,
             Towns
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             THE
             Flourishing
             Kingdom
             of
             France
             ,
             being
             the
             nearest
             part
             of
             the
             Continent
             on
             which
             we
             border
             ;
             I
             have
             thought
             ,
             for
             the
             observing
             the
             most
             regular
             method
             ,
             to
             begin
             this
             History
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             with
             the
             Description
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             its
             appendances
             .
          
           
           
             As
             for
             France
             ,
             or
             so
             much
             as
             is
             generally
             understood
             of
             it
             ;
             it
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             a
             branch
             of
             the
             Alps
             ,
             passing
             between
             Dauphin
             and
             
               Peimont
               .
               Switzerland
               ,
               Savoy
            
             ,
             some
             part
             of
             Germany
             ,
             and
             the
             Neitherlands
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             with
             a
             Branch
             of
             the
             Pyreenian
             Mountains
             ,
             dividing
             Spaine
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             Aquitane
             Ocean
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             Brittish
             Seas
             ,
             and
             part
             of
             Belgium
             ,
             and
             has
             on
             the
             South
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Pyreenian
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             the
             Mediterranian
             Sea
             ,
             being
             in
             a
             manner
             Square
             ;
             accounted
             in
             Length
             ,
             from
             Calais
             to
             Toulon
             620
             Miles
             ,
             reckoning
             73
             to
             a
             Degree
             ,
             and
             in
             Breadth
             from
             the
             borders
             of
             Lorain
             to
             Brest
             ,
             or
             from
             Nice
             in
             Peimont
             to
             Bayon
             492
             Miles
             ,
             though
             of
             late
             the
             Teretories
             have
             been
             much
             inlarged
             by
             the
             new
             Conquests
             and
             Acquisitions
             ,
             but
             being
             to
             speak
             of
             them
             in
             the
             Counrries
             where
             they
             properly
             have
             their
             Scituation
             ,
             I
             willingly
             here
             omit
             them
             .
          
           
             This
             Country
             is
             called
             by
             the
             English
             France
             ,
             by
             the
             Italians
             Francia
             ,
             and
             so
             by
             the
             Spaniards
             ;
             by
             the
             Germans
             Franckreich
             ,
             by
             the
             Turks
             Alfrangua
             ,
             and
             is
             the
             antient
             Gallia
             of
             Caesar
             and
             Pliny
             ;
             lying
             excellently
             in
             Compaction
             ,
             between
             the
             most
             Flourishing
             Kingdoms
             and
             States
             of
             Europe
             ,
             Scituate
             in
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             North
             Temperate
             Zone
             ,
             between
             the
             middle
             Parralells
             of
             the
             Fifth
             Clime
             ,
             where
             the
             longest
             Day
             is
             13
             Hours
             ;
             and
             the
             middle
             Parralell
             of
             the
             Eighth
             Clime
             ,
             where
             they
             extend
             to
             16
             Hours
             and
             a
             half
             :
             So
             that
             the
             Air
             is
             very
             Healthful
             ,
             the
             Country
             every
             where
             Rich
             and
             Fertile
             ,
             and
             the
             People
             numerous
             ;
             as
             likewise
             the
             Cities
             and
             Towns
             ,
             no
             less
             than
             4000
             being
             reckon'd
             of
             note
             ,
             especially
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             was
             Distinguished
             by
             four
             Parts
             or
             Divisions
             ,
             when
             the
             Romans
             (
             not
             without
             great
             blood-shed
             )
             brought
             it
             under
             their
             Subjection
             ,
             viz.
             
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             Narbonensis
             ,
             or
             Bracatta
             ,
             containing
             
               Dauphir
               ,
               Languedock
            
             ,
             and
             a
             part
             of
             
               Savoy
               .
               2.
               
               Aquitanica
            
             ,
             
             taking
             its
             denomination
             from
             the
             City
             
               Aquae
               Augusta
            
             ,
             and
             now
             known
             by
             that
             of
             
               d'
               Aeque
            
             ,
             containing
             
               Gascoigne
               ,
               Limoisin
               ,
               Guinne
               ,
               Sanctogne
               ,
               Querci
               ,
               Peregort
               ,
               Bourbonnois
            
             and
             Aurergne
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Celtica
             ,
             comprehending
             the
             Provinces
             of
             
               Normandy
               ,
               Britagne
               ,
               Anjou
               ,
               Tourain
               ,
               Maine
               ,
               Labeause
               ,
            
             part
             of
             Campagne
             ,
             the
             Isles
             of
             France
             ,
             the
             Dukedom
             of
             Burgundy
             ,
             and
             the
             County
             of
             
               Lionoise
               .
               4.
               
               Belgica
            
             ,
             containing
             Picardy
             ,
             a
             part
             of
             
               Campaigne
               ,
               Burgundy
            
             ,
             and
             the
             
               Spanish
               Netherlands
            
             :
             But
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Honorius
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             the
             Goths
             having
             over-run
             Spain
             and
             Italy
             ,
             sent
             their
             Forces
             to
             Invade
             the
             Norbonensian
             Gauls
             ,
             and
             having
             Subdued
             them
             ,
             called
             their
             Country
             
               Langue
               de
               Goth
            
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             Languedock
             ;
             nor
             did
             they
             stay
             here
             ,
             but
             extended
             their
             Conquests
             to
             the
             River
             Ligeris
             ,
             now
             the
             Famous
             Loire
             ,
             founding
             themselves
             a
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             making
             Tholouse
             the
             Regal
             Residence
             ;
             nor
             was
             it
             long
             before
             the
             Burgundiones
             ,
             or
             Burgundians
             ,
             who
             had
             Seated
             themselves
             in
             a
             part
             of
             the
             Country
             of
             Cassubii
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             the
             Teretories
             of
             Brandenburg
             ,
             joyning
             with
             the
             Vandles
             and
             Sweths
             ,
             seized
             upon
             other
             parts
             of
             France
             ,
             and
             grasped
             them
             with
             so
             hard
             a
             hand
             ,
             that
             they
             in
             spight
             of
             Opposition
             founded
             themselves
             a
             Kingdom
             ,
             called
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Burgundy
             ,
             but
             afterward
             reduced
             to
             a
             Dukedom
             ,
             and
             now
             in
             the
             hands
             or
             possession
             of
             the
             present
             French
             King.
             
          
           
             The
             Kingdom
             of
             France
             is
             Hereditary
             to
             the
             Males
             ,
             but
             not
             to
             the
             Females
             ,
             who
             are
             disabled
             by
             the
             Salique
             Law
             ,
             and
             the
             Heir
             or
             Eldest
             Son
             is
             stiled
             
               Dauphin
               of
               France
            
             ;
             nor
             can
             the
             Younger
             Son
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             by
             the
             Law
             of
             Apennages
             ,
             have
             any
             part
             in
             the
             Government
             with
             the
             Elder
             :
             And
             this
             Monarchy
             has
             been
             upheld
             ever
             since
             the
             Year
             420
             ,
             by
             the
             Races
             of
             Three
             Kings
             ,
             viz.
             the
             
               Moravinian
               ,
               Carolinian
            
             and
             Capitine
             ,
             in
             a
             Descent
             of
             63
             Kings
             ;
             and
             here
             the
             Christian
             Religion
             is
             held
             to
             be
             first
             
             Planted
             amongst
             the
             Gaules
             by
             Martialis
             ,
             but
             amongst
             the
             French
             ,
             or
             the
             latter
             setled
             People
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             by
             Remigius
             ,
             much
             latter
             :
             as
             for
             the
             Arms
             Royal
             ,
             now
             boren
             by
             the
             Kings
             ,
             they
             are
             Three
             Flower
             de
             Luces
             Azure
             ,
             in
             a
             Field
             Or
             ,
             being
             a
             Device
             taken
             by
             Charles
             the
             Sixth
             .
          
           
             This
             Kingdom
             is
             composed
             of
             Estates
             ,
             and
             Orders
             threefold
             ,
             viz.
             the
             Clergy
             ,
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             and
             the
             Commons
             ;
             and
             here
             are
             usually
             found
             16
             Arch-Bishops
             ,
             and
             106
             Bishops
             ,
             not
             accounting
             those
             of
             
               Arras
               ,
               Tournay
            
             ,
             and
             
               Perpignan
               ;
               16
               Abbots
            
             Heads
             of
             Orders
             and
             Congregations
             ,
             and
             about
             30000
             Curate-ships
             :
             and
             not
             accounting
             other
             Governments
             ,
             there
             are
             12
             Peers
             chiefly
             appointed
             ,
             or
             ancient
             Peer-ships
             ,
             besides
             others
             of
             new
             Creation
             ,
             and
             the
             Order
             is
             that
             of
             the
             
               Holy
               Ghost
            
             .
             There
             are
             likewise
             11
             Parliaments
             ,
             8
             Chambers
             of
             Accounts
             ,
             22
             Publick
             Places
             of
             Receipt
             ,
             or
             Generalities
             of
             the
             Kings
             Revenues
             .
          
           
             The
             Rivers
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             are
             principally
             Four
             ,
             viz.
             the
             Rhone
             ,
             or
             Rosne
             ,
             the
             Loire
             ,
             the
             Garonne
             ,
             and
             the
             Seine
             ;
             who
             receive
             into
             them
             many
             other
             Rivers
             ,
             and
             wash
             the
             Walls
             of
             the
             chief
             Cities
             and
             Towns
             ,
             &c.
             the
             first
             arising
             about
             3
             Miles
             from
             the
             head
             of
             the
             River
             Rhine
             ,
             the
             second
             about
             the
             Mountains
             of
             Avergne
             ,
             the
             third
             from
             the
             Pyreenian
             Hills
             ,
             and
             the
             Fourth
             has
             its
             Spring
             in
             Burgundy
             .
          
           
             The
             Mountains
             of
             most
             note
             are
             those
             of
             Avergne
             ,
             part
             of
             the
             Alps
             ,
             and
             the
             Pyreenes
             ,
             on
             the
             latter
             of
             which
             Nature
             strangely
             expresses
             her self
             ,
             for
             that
             part
             of
             those
             Mountains
             toward
             rich
             and
             wealthy
             France
             ,
             are
             altogether
             barren
             ,
             but
             that
             towards
             Spain
             exceeding
             Fruitful
             ,
             as
             if
             it
             had
             divested
             it self
             to
             cloath
             the
             one
             ,
             and
             robbed
             the
             other
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             Year
             1614
             Lovis
             the
             13
             convened
             the
             Estates
             of
             the
             Provinces
             under
             12
             Heads
             ,
             or
             great
             Governments
             ,
             four
             of
             which
             lying
             towards
             the
             North
             ,
             
             border
             upon
             the
             Seine
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             Rivers
             that
             augment
             its
             Stream
             ,
             
               viz.
               Picardy
               ,
               Normandy
            
             ,
             the
             Isles
             of
             France
             and
             Campaigne
             ,
             adjoyning
             towards
             the
             middle
             to
             the
             
               Loire
               ,
               Orlenoise
               ,
               Britagne
               ,
               Burgundy
               ,
            
             and
             Lionoise
             ;
             and
             the
             other
             Four
             towards
             the
             South
             ,
             near
             the
             
               Garonne
               ,
               viz.
               Dauphin
               ,
               Guienne
               ,
               Lauguedock
            
             and
             Provence
             ;
             and
             under
             the
             Orlenoise
             are
             contained
             
               Maine
               ,
               Perche
            
             and
             Beauce
             :
             on
             the
             hither
             side
             of
             the
             
               Loire
               ,
               Nievernois
               ,
               Anjou
            
             and
             Touraine
             ;
             and
             above
             this
             River
             beyond
             
               Poctou
               ,
               Berrey
            
             ,
             and
             Burgundy
             ,
             hath
             Bresti
             ,
             and
             under
             Lionoise
             ,
             are
             comprehended
             
               Lionois
               ,
               Auvergne
               ,
               Burbounois
            
             ,
             and
             Marche
             ;
             under
             Guienne
             is
             
               Bearne
               ,
               Gascogne
            
             ,
             and
             
               Guienne
               ,
               Saintogne
               ,
               Perigort
               ,
               Limosin
               ,
               Querci
               ,
            
             and
             Rovergne
             ;
             and
             under
             Languedock
             is
             found
             Cevenes
             .
          
           
             The
             chief
             Cities
             are
             ,
             1.
             
             Paris
             ,
             situate
             in
             the
             Isle
             of
             France
             ,
             anciently
             called
             Lutetia
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Clayeness
             of
             the
             Ground
             about
             it
             ;
             which
             for
             Riches
             ,
             Stateliness
             of
             Building
             ,
             the
             many
             Magnificent
             Pallaces
             and
             Churches
             ,
             that
             every
             where
             adorne
             it
             ,
             and
             the
             Fruitfulness
             of
             the
             Soil
             about
             it
             and
             number
             of
             its
             Inhabitants
             ,
             may
             compare
             with
             most
             in
             
               Europe
               .
               2.
               
               Lions
            
             ,
             or
             
               Lugdunum
               .
               3.
               
               Orleance
               .
               4.
               
               Bullogne
               ,
            
             taken
             by
             Henry
             the
             ●ighth
             of
             
               England
               1544.
               5.
               
               Amiens
            
             .
             6.
             
             St.
             Quintiens
             ,
             where
             the
             English
             Forces
             under
             the
             Command
             of
             the
             Earl
             of
             Pembrook
             ,
             in
             the
             Quarrel
             of
             Philip
             the
             Second
             of
             Spain
             ,
             overthrew
             the
             French
             ,
             Anno
             1557.
             7.
             
             
               Burdeaux
               .
               8.
               
               Roane
            
             or
             
               Rovenysenlis
               .
               10.
               
               Rhemes
               .
               11.
               
               Claremont
               .
               12.
               
               Tholouse
               .
               13
               Calais
               ,
            
             which
             being
             taken
             by
             Edward
             the
             3
             of
             England
             ,
             remained
             in
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             English
             220
             Years
             ,
             and
             was
             lost
             in
             the
             reign
             of
             Queen
             Mary
             ,
             soon
             after
             the
             Battle
             of
             St.
             Quintines
             ,
             and
             the
             occasion
             ,
             as
             many
             conjecture
             of
             hastning
             her
             end
             ,
             she
             giving
             out
             ,
             
               That
               if
               she
               were
               opened
               when
               dead
               ,
               they
               might
               find
            
             Calais
             
               written
               on
               her
               Heart
            
             ,
             &c.
             
             Many
             other
             Cities
             and
             Towns
             there
             are
             of
             note
             ,
             whose
             names
             for
             brevities
             sake
             I
             must
             omit
             
             and
             in
             general
             proceed
             to
             say
             ;
             there
             is
             no
             Kingdom
             better
             stored
             with
             considerable
             places
             ,
             nor
             more
             abounding
             in
             plenty
             of
             what
             ever
             may
             conduce
             ,
             to
             the
             Commodity
             and
             suport
             of
             Humane
             Life
             ;
             abounding
             with
             almost
             all
             the
             sundry
             sorts
             of
             Fruits
             that
             Europe
             produces
             ,
             as
             also
             store
             of
             River
             and
             Sea-Fish
             ;
             a
             great
             number
             of
             Cattle
             ,
             plenty
             of
             Wine
             ,
             Corn
             ,
             Salt
             ,
             Linnen
             Cloth
             ,
             Flax
             ,
             Hemp
             ,
             Wool
             ,
             Saffron
             ,
             Paper
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             Products
             and
             Manufactories
             ,
             very
             considerable
             ;
             for
             which
             the
             Natives
             ,
             &c.
             as
             it
             were
             command
             the
             Commodities
             ,
             or
             ready
             Money
             of
             most
             Countries
             ;
             as
             for
             the
             Coins
             those
             chiefly
             in
             use
             ,
             are
             the
             Pistole
             of
             Gold
             ,
             and
             the
             Crown
             of
             Silver
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             people
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             they
             are
             great
             pretenders
             to
             Antiquity
             ,
             deriving
             their
             Original
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             the
             Country
             from
             Meseck
             the
             sixt
             Son
             of
             Japhet
             ,
             though
             the
             first
             Inhabitants
             mentioned
             with
             any
             credit
             in
             History
             ,
             were
             the
             antient
             Gauls
             ,
             a
             people
             thrifty
             and
             valiant
             ;
             who
             under
             the
             leading
             of
             Bellovessus
             ,
             conquered
             the
             heither
             part
             of
             Italy
             called
             
               Gallia
               Cisalpina
            
             ,
             and
             soon
             after
             under
             the
             conduct
             of
             Segovesus
             ,
             subdued
             a
             great
             part
             of
             Germany
             ,
             nor
             resting
             there
             ,
             under
             Brennus
             another
             of
             their
             Commanders
             ;
             they
             discomfited
             the
             Roman
             Army
             and
             Sacked
             even
             Rome
             it self
             ,
             and
             so
             passed
             Conquering
             on
             into
             Asia
             ,
             where
             they
             fixed
             a
             Government
             ,
             calling
             it
             Gaul-Asia
             ,
             since
             corruptly
             Gallatia
             ,
             on
             which
             the
             Learned
             Dubartas
             discants
             ,
             viz.
             
             
               
                 The
                 Antient
                 Gaul
                 in
                 roving
                 every
                 way
                 ,
              
               
                 As
                 far
                 as
                 Phoebus
                 darts
                 his
                 Golden
                 Ray
                 ;
              
               
                 Seiz'd
                 Italy
                 the
                 Worlds
                 proud
                 Mistriss
                 sack't
                 ,
              
               
                 Which
                 rather
                 Mars
                 than
                 Romulus
                 compact
                 :
              
               
                 Then
                 Spoils
                 
                   Pisidia
                   ,
                   Missia
                
                 doth
                 Inthraul
              
               
                 And
                 midst
                 of
                 Asia
                 plants
                 another
                 Gaul
                 .
              
            
          
           
           
             The
             present
             Inhabitants
             though
             somewhat
             fantastick
             ,
             are
             generaly
             of
             a
             free
             and
             curteous
             Behahaviour
             ,
             kind
             to
             strangers
             ,
             and
             extremely
             given
             to
             Complement
             ;
             the
             Women
             are
             likewise
             wonderfully
             familiar
             even
             with
             Strangers
             especially
             in
             Speech
             ,
             taking
             it
             for
             a
             great
             peice
             of
             breeding
             ,
             not
             to
             be
             too
             Austere
             or
             Reserved
             .
          
           
             Their
             Apparel
             for
             the
             most
             part
             is
             rather
             Gay
             than
             Costly
             ,
             made
             of
             light
             Stuffs
             and
             slight
             Silks
             ,
             &c.
             though
             the
             Country
             people
             are
             distinguished
             from
             others
             ;
             by
             the
             Men's
             wearing
             a
             large
             pair
             of
             Breeches
             and
             a
             Coat
             to
             their
             Knees
             ;
             and
             the
             Womens
             attireing
             their
             Heads
             ,
             or
             rather
             wraping
             them
             in
             Linnen
             ,
             and
             these
             are
             in
             a
             manner
             Drudges
             ,
             or
             Slaves
             ,
             to
             the
             Gentry
             ,
             especially
             such
             as
             are
             their
             Land-lords
             ,
             they
             being
             all
             of
             them
             Tenants
             at
             Will
             ,
             and
             have
             their
             Rent
             raised
             as
             the
             Land
             improves
             ,
             or
             as
             the
             Lord
             thinks
             fit
             ;
             which
             is
             the
             occasion
             of
             their
             great
             Poverty
             ;
             for
             although
             many
             of
             them
             hold
             Farms
             of
             Wine
             and
             Corn
             ,
             they
             have
             scarce
             the
             happiness
             to
             tast
             the
             first
             ,
             or
             eat
             any
             good
             Bread
             made
             of
             the
             latter
             .
          
           
             In
             Arts
             and
             Manufactury
             ,
             the
             French
             are
             very
             Ingenious
             ,
             and
             in
             War
             very
             furious
             ,
             at
             the
             first
             onset
             ,
             but
             with
             the
             change
             of
             Fortune
             their
             courage
             soon
             abates
             ;
             though
             Caesar
             confessed
             that
             he
             slew
             110000.
             of
             them
             before
             he
             could
             bring
             them
             into
             subjection
             ;
             yet
             by
             a
             small
             power
             of
             the
             English
             ,
             they
             were
             frequently
             worsted
             ;
             in
             the
             Reign
             of
             Edward
             the
             Third
             ,
             and
             almost
             the
             whole
             Kingdom
             ,
             after
             the
             Fortunate
             Battle
             of
             Azin-court
             ,
             Conquored
             and
             brought
             under
             subjection
             by
             Henry
             the
             fifth
             ,
             who
             with
             15000.
             men
             ,
             only
             overthrew
             an
             Army
             of
             above
             100000.
             in
             which
             the
             flower
             of
             their
             Nobility
             were
             either
             Slain
             ,
             or
             taken
             Prisoners
             :
             Nor
             is
             it
             less
             the
             Fortune
             ,
             or
             rather
             misfortune
             in
             all
             Battles
             ,
             to
             have
             the
             greatest
             storm
             of
             War
             fall
             upon
             their
             Nobility
             .
          
           
           
             The
             things
             worthy
             of
             Note
             in
             this
             Illustruous
             Kingdom
             ,
             are
             the
             Cathedral
             Church
             of
             the
             Blessed
             Virgin
             in
             Paris
             ,
             Vulgarly
             called
             Notrodam
             ;
             supported
             by
             120.
             
             Pillars
             ,
             whereof
             12.
             are
             very
             great
             ,
             but
             the
             remainder
             indifferently
             large
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             Church
             is
             a
             Chancel
             ,
             accounted
             71
             paces
             in
             length
             ,
             and
             60
             in
             bredth
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             Circuit
             or
             Circumference
             ,
             it
             hath
             45
             Chappels
             ,
             and
             is
             closed
             with
             Iron
             Gates
             ,
             and
             two
             double
             doors
             in
             the
             front
             ,
             adorn'd
             with
             the
             Statues
             of
             28
             Kings
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             sides
             are
             four
             Towers
             of
             Bell-fries
             of
             44
             Cubits
             in
             height
             ,
             and
             a
             Bell
             so
             large
             called
             St.
             Mary
             ,
             that
             24
             Men
             are
             required
             to
             Ring
             it
             out
             .
             The
             Seven
             Wonders
             of
             Dauphin
             ,
             viz.
             The
             burnig
             Fountain
             ,
             the
             Inaccessable
             Mountain
             ,
             the
             Tower
             of
             Sanevenin
             ,
             the
             Wine-fats
             of
             Sassinage
             ,
             the
             Wine
             Fountain
             ,
             the
             Manna
             of
             Briancon
             ,
             and
             the
             Fountain
             of
             Barberon
             ;
             which
             Rarities
             see
             at
             large
             in
             
               Allard
               Sylva
            
             :
             The
             Statue
             of
             Joan
             the
             Peucelle
             ,
             who
             assisted
             the
             French
             against
             the
             English
             ,
             and
             raised
             the
             Seige
             of
             Orleance
             ,
             acting
             many
             Wonders
             in
             feats
             of
             Arms
             ,
             till
             taken
             by
             the
             English
             and
             burnt
             for
             a
             Witch
             :
             As
             for
             the
             Building
             ,
             in
             Cities
             and
             considerable
             Towns
             ,
             it
             is
             mostly
             of
             rough
             Stone
             ,
             Plastered
             and
             rough
             cast
             over
             flat
             roofed
             ;
             and
             commonly
             4
             ,
             5
             ,
             and
             6
             Stories
             .
             And
             now
             to
             France
             I
             might
             add
             the
             new
             aquisitions
             ,
             but
             more
             of
             them
             hereafter
             .
          
           
             The
             chief
             Islands
             are
             Rhee
             the
             out-work
             of
             Rochle
             ,
             in
             attempting
             the
             Relief
             of
             which
             the
             English
             lost
             many
             brave
             men
             in
             the
             year
             1627.
             
             The
             strong
             
               Bell
               Isle
               ,
               Venetica
               San.
               Colosus
               ,
               Salt
               ,
               Nermoustier
               ,
               Oleron
               Vliaras
               ,
            
             where
             our
             King
             Richard
             the
             Third
             ,
             as
             Lord
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             gave
             those
             Laws
             Marine
             so
             much
             in
             request
             ,
             and
             known
             as
             the
             Laws
             of
             
               Olerone
               ,
               Rochle
            
             ,
             famous
             for
             the
             siege
             it
             sustained
             against
             the
             whole
             power
             of
             
               France
               ;
               Ovissant
            
             over
             against
             the
             Lizard
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Mediterranian
             are
             the
             Isles
             of
             
               de
               Ere
               's
            
             by
             Ptolomie
             ,
             called
             the
             Staaechades
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Discription
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Spain
             ,
             in
             its
             Provinces
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             SPain
             is
             acknowledged
             the
             most
             Western
             part
             of
             Europe
             ,
             formerly
             called
             by
             the
             
               Greeks
               Iberia
            
             and
             Hsperia
             enviornd
             on
             every
             side
             by
             the
             Sea
             ,
             except
             towards
             France
             ;
             from
             which
             it
             is
             parted
             only
             by
             the
             Pyreenian
             Mountains
             :
             The
             Seas
             that
             bound
             it
             are
             the
             Cantabrian
             on
             the
             North
             ,
             the
             Atlantick
             Ocean
             on
             the
             West
             ,
             and
             the
             Straights
             of
             Gibraltar
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             ;
             on
             the
             East
             with
             the
             Mediterranian
             ;
             the
             Pyreenians
             bearing
             only
             to
             the
             North
             East
             ,
             and
             is
             formed
             by
             Strabo
             ,
             in
             the
             shape
             of
             an
             Oxes
             Hide
             ;
             containing
             as
             well
             Portugal
             as
             Spain
             ,
             Scituated
             in
             the
             most
             Southern
             part
             of
             the
             Northern
             Temperate
             Zone
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             longest
             day
             exceeds
             not
             15
             hours
             ,
             accounted
             760
             miles
             in
             length
             ,
             and
             600
             in
             bredth
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             Original
             of
             this
             People
             in
             Relation
             to
             their
             possessing
             the
             Country
             ,
             Authors
             differ
             ;
             for
             some
             will
             have
             them
             to
             be
             of
             the
             Progeny
             of
             Tubal
             Son
             of
             Japhat
             ,
             as
             being
             the
             decendants
             of
             the
             Iberij
             who
             entred
             the
             Kingdom
             under
             Pannus
             :
             Others
             that
             they
             are
             derived
             from
             the
             Celtae
             ,
             a
             powerful
             people
             decended
             from
             Alchenaz
             ,
             who
             first
             peopling
             it
             ,
             called
             the
             whole
             Country
             Celtiberia
             ;
             but
             more
             certain
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             the
             Phoenicians
             failing
             from
             Tyre
             ,
             planted
             Collonies
             here
             ,
             and
             after
             them
             the
             Rhodians
             ;
             nor
             did
             the
             Carthagenians
             fail
             in
             a
             manner
             to
             subdue
             it
             ,
             till
             being
             worsted
             in
             the
             second
             Punick
             War
             ,
             it
             became
             Tributary
             to
             the
             Romans
             ,
             who
             devided
             it
             into
             3
             Provinces
             ,
             viz.
             Boetica
             ,
             Lusitanica
             and
             Terraconensis
             ;
             the
             ●irst
             of
             these
             containing
             the
             Kingdoms
             of
             Andeluzia
             and
             Granata
             ;
             part
             of
             New
             Castile
             and
             Estremadure
             ,
             Inhabited
             by
             the
             Turdulie
             Eastward
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Celti
             towards
             the
             West
             ;
             Lusitania
             
             contained
             Portugal
             ,
             and
             part
             of
             Old
             and
             New
             Castile
             ,
             and
             the
             remaining
             part
             was
             comprehended
             in
             Terragon
             ;
             and
             again
             they
             laid
             it
             into
             two
             parts
             ,
             comprehending
             the
             two
             first
             Provinces
             in
             one
             ;
             and
             so
             it
             remained
             till
             the
             time
             of
             Honorius
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             when
             Gundericus
             King
             of
             the
             Vandels
             ,
             broke
             in
             and
             over-run
             it
             with
             a
             numerous
             Army
             ,
             
               Anno
               400
            
             ;
             but
             had
             not
             well
             settled
             themselves
             before
             the
             Goths
             Invaded
             ,
             it
             and
             drove
             the
             new
             possessors
             into
             Affrica
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             year
             720.
             under
             the
             conduct
             of
             Musa
             and
             Tarrif
             ,
             who
             were
             invited
             in
             by
             Julian
             ,
             with
             a
             great
             Army
             of
             Moors
             and
             Saracens
             entred
             warring
             upon
             the
             Goths
             and
             after
             a
             Battle
             of
             seven
             days
             became
             Victorious
             dividing
             the
             Countrey
             amongst
             them
             ;
             so
             that
             at
             last
             it
             fell
             into
             12
             divisions
             ,
             
               viz.
               Leon
               Oviedo
               ,
               Navarre
               ,
               Corduba
               ,
               Gallicta
               ,
               Bisca
               ,
               Tolledo
               ,
               Murica
               ,
               Castile
               ,
               Portugal
               ,
               Valentia
               ,
               Catalonia
            
             and
             Aragon
             ;
             and
             so
             they
             stand
             at
             this
             day
             :
             wherefore
             I
             proceed
             to
             speak
             of
             them
             in
             their
             order
             and
             due
             places
             .
          
           
             Leon
             had
             heretofore
             the
             Name
             of
             Austria
             ,
             and
             is
             a
             very
             pleasant
             Country
             ,
             yielding
             Mines
             of
             precious
             Mettal
             ,
             some
             Gold
             ,
             Red
             Lead
             ,
             and
             Vermillion
             ,
             though
             otherwise
             not
             very
             fruitful
             ,
             as
             being
             some-what
             Mountainous
             ,
             yet
             gives
             Title
             to
             the
             Eldest
             Son
             of
             Castile
             ,
             notwithstanding
             few
             Towns
             of
             note
             are
             found
             in
             it
             .
          
           
             Navarr
             is
             a
             Kingdom
             of
             great
             Antiquity
             ,
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             ,
             with
             the
             Pyreenian
             Mountains
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             with
             Iberius
             ,
             North
             Biscay
             ,
             and
             South
             Aragon
             ;
             being
             a
             Campaign
             Country
             ,
             not
             subject
             to
             Woods
             ,
             or
             Inclosures
             ,
             yet
             abounds
             with
             Trees
             in
             the
             nature
             of
             Hedg-rows
             ,
             considerably
             fruitful
             ,
             and
             has
             for
             Its
             chief
             Cities
             ,
             
               Victoria
               ,
               Sanguessij
               ,
               Viana
            
             ,
             and
             Pampelune
             ,
             Garisoned
             as
             the
             chief
             defence
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             against
             the
             Incursions
             of
             the
             French
             in
             time
             of
             War
             ,
             who
             's
             King
             ,
             though
             wanting
             the
             Possession
             ,
             has
             the
             Title
             of
             that
             Kingdom
             ,
             the
             Revenues
             whereof
             has
             been
             estimated
             at
             One
             hundred
             Thousand
             Duckets
             .
          
           
           
             Corduba
             ,
             is
             a
             very
             fruitful
             Province
             ,
             accounted
             and
             judged
             ,
             (
             as
             it
             is
             )
             the
             richest
             in
             all
             Spain
             ,
             abounding
             in
             Cordivant
             Skins
             ,
             Mallago
             ,
             Sherry
             ,
             Oranges
             ,
             Cattle
             ,
             Fish
             ,
             Corn
             ,
             great
             store
             of
             Fowl
             ;
             and
             has
             in
             it
             divers
             fair
             Cities
             ;
             as
             
               1st
               ,
               Corduba
            
             the
             Principal
             from
             which
             it
             takes
             its
             Name
             .
             
               2d
               .
               Xeres
               .
               3d.
               Sevil.
               4th
               .
               Granada
               .
               5th
               .
               Mallaga
               .
               6th
               .
               Almeria
               .
               7th
               .
               Guadalcanal
               ,
            
             where
             the
             rich
             Mines
             are
             found
             .
          
           
             Galicia
             ,
             is
             a
             Country
             very
             Mountainous
             ,
             many
             of
             which
             cannot
             be
             passed
             without
             great
             difficulty
             ,
             and
             others
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             Craggyness
             ,
             held
             not
             passible
             ;
             yet
             in
             this
             Province
             are
             found
             the
             Cities
             of
             Compostella
             ,
             the
             Seat
             of
             an
             Arch-Bishop
             ,
             called
             St.
             Jago
             ,
             in
             Honour
             of
             St.
             James
             the
             Apostle
             ,
             whom
             they
             impute
             to
             be
             buryed
             here
             ;
             Bajonna
             a
             place
             very
             pleasant
             for
             its
             Scituation
             ,
             and
             Corronna
             ,
             or
             Groynne
             .
             This
             Country
             is
             held
             the
             Principal
             in
             Spain
             ,
             for
             the
             breed
             of
             Jennets
             ;
             and
             here
             is
             found
             the
             Promontory
             Nerius
             ,
             formerly
             held
             to
             be
             the
             
               Ne
               plus
               ultra
            
             .
          
           
             Bisca
             ,
             makes
             a
             Famons
             Bay
             into
             the
             Ocean
             ,
             yet
             many
             times
             proves
             dangerous
             to
             Sailers
             ;
             and
             although
             the
             Country
             is
             Mountainous
             ,
             yet
             it
             has
             many
             pleasant
             Valleys
             ,
             and
             is
             adorned
             with
             Cities
             ,
             and
             Towns
             of
             note
             ,
             as
             St.
             
               Sebastian
               ,
               Tholosa
               ,
               Fonterabia
               ,
               Bilboa
               ,
            
             &c.
             
             And
             from
             the
             Mountains
             of
             this
             Country
             ,
             the
             Rivers
             that
             water
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             Spain
             have
             their
             Springs
             ,
             being
             accounted
             no
             less
             than
             One
             hundred
             and
             fifty
             ;
             and
             great
             store
             of
             Timber
             for
             Shipping
             is
             found
             in
             those
             parts
             ,
             with
             some
             Iron
             Mines
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Toledo
             ,
             a
             part
             of
             
               New
               Castile
            
             ,
             takes
             its
             name
             from
             the
             principal
             City
             ,
             scituate
             on
             the
             banks
             of
             Tagus
             or
             Taio
             ,
             exceeding
             pleasant
             ,
             and
             is
             ordinarily
             the
             Residence
             of
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             and
             of
             Merchants
             that
             Trade
             in
             these
             Parts
             ;
             being
             the
             See
             of
             an
             Arch-Bishop
             ,
             who
             is
             above
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Bishops
             of
             that
             Kingdom
             ,
             his
             Revenue
             being
             accounted
             Three
             hundred
             thousand
             Crowns
             ;
             and
             here
             the
             Kings
             of
             the
             
             Goths
             and
             Moors
             held
             their
             Courts
             :
             there
             are
             likewise
             found
             the
             Cities
             of
             Calatrava
             and
             Talboia
             ,
             one
             scituate
             on
             the
             Ava
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             on
             the
             Tagus
             .
          
           
             Murica
             ,
             contains
             the
             City
             Murica
             ,
             the
             Town
             of
             Alicant
             ,
             and
             New
             Carthage
             ,
             being
             a
             Country
             very
             plentiful
             ,
             though
             thinly
             peopled
             ;
             and
             hence
             come
             the
             Alicant
             wines
             and
             curious
             
               Earthen
               Vessels
            
             ,
             with
             much
             fine
             silks
             :
             Nor
             did
             the
             Romans
             in
             their
             Conquest
             for
             some
             time
             reap
             a
             less
             benefit
             than
             Twenty
             five
             thousand
             drams
             of
             Silver
             a
             week
             ,
             from
             this
             Country
             only
             .
          
           
             Castile
             Old
             and
             New
             contain
             the
             Towns
             of
             
               Soria
               ,
               Segovia
               ,
               Valodolid
               ,
               Salamanca
               ,
            
             a
             University
             ,
             
               &c.
               
               Madrid
            
             the
             Kings
             Principal
             Seat
             ;
             Alcala
             and
             Alcaltura
             ,
             most
             of
             them
             very
             pleasantly
             scituate
             ,
             as
             being
             posited
             in
             the
             heart
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Spain
             ,
             abounding
             with
             Corn
             ,
             Fruits
             ,
             and
             Cattle
             ;
             and
             the
             latter
             watered
             with
             the
             River
             Tagus
             and
             Ava
             ,
             which
             much
             inrich
             the
             Country
             .
             As
             for
             Portugal
             it
             is
             now
             a
             separate
             Kingdom
             ,
             wherefore
             I
             intend
             to
             speak
             of
             it
             in
             its
             due
             place
             ,
             as
             more
             proper
             in
             a
             work
             of
             this
             Nature
             .
          
           
             The
             Principal
             Rivers
             appropiated
             to
             Spain
             ,
             are
             the
             Tagus
             or
             Taio
             ,
             the
             Duero
             or
             Duerius
             ,
             the
             Guiadiana
             or
             Anas
             ,
             which
             for
             a
             good
             space
             Ingulfs
             it self
             ,
             and
             runs
             under
             ground
             ,
             giving
             the
             Spaniards
             Occasion
             to
             boast
             ,
             that
             they
             have
             one
             of
             the
             fairest
             Bridges
             ,
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             on
             which
             Ten
             thousand
             Cattle
             feed
             ,
             and
             over
             which
             an
             Army
             with
             extended
             Wings
             may
             March
             ;
             the
             other
             Rivers
             of
             note
             are
             Gualdahquiver
             ,
             and
             the
             Ebro
             ,
             called
             by
             
               Strabo
               ,
               Baetis
            
             ,
             and
             Iberus
             .
             As
             fot
             the
             Mountains
             they
             are
             distinguished
             into
             six
             great
             Ridges
             ,
             continued
             knit
             together
             ,
             whereof
             the
             lesser
             are
             but
             parts
             ,
             the
             chief
             of
             which
             are
             the
             Pyreenians
             that
             extend
             from
             the
             
               Cantabrian
               ▪
            
             Ocean
             to
             the
             Mediterranian
             Sea.
             
          
           
           
             As
             for
             the
             People
             of
             Spain
             ,
             they
             are
             swarthy
             of
             Complexion
             ,
             black-Hair
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             good
             Proportion
             ,
             stately
             in
             their
             Actions
             ,
             and
             grave
             of
             Deportment
             ,
             very
             serious
             in
             their
             Carriage
             ,
             and
             Offices
             ,
             much
             addicted
             to
             Religion
             ,
             and
             very
             Observant
             and
             Faithful
             to
             their
             Prince
             ,
             not
             prone
             to
             alter
             their
             Determination
             ,
             but
             patient
             in
             Adversity
             ,
             in
             War
             they
             are
             very
             Deliberate
             and
             Cautious
             ,
             not
             much
             regarding
             Arts
             ,
             but
             adict
             themselves
             much
             to
             Women
             ,
             and
             are
             generally
             very
             much
             conceited
             of
             themselves
             ;
             As
             for
             the
             Women
             they
             carry
             themselves
             very
             sober
             and
             discreet
             ,
             and
             are
             tolerably
             handsome
             :
             Those
             that
             are
             marryed
             are
             in
             great
             Subjection
             to
             their
             Husbands
             ,
             and
             extream
             loving
             ;
             though
             the
             men
             are
             naturally
             Jealous
             .
             In
             matters
             of
             Religion
             ,
             they
             are
             
               Roman
               Catholicks
            
             ,
             only
             there
             are
             some
             Churches
             of
             Toledo
             ,
             where
             the
             Mus-Arabick
             Office
             is
             used
             .
             As
             for
             the
             Language
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             all
             the
             same
             ,
             for
             in
             some
             parts
             ,
             it
             has
             a
             mixture
             of
             French
             ,
             in
             others
             much
             of
             the
             Moorish
             ,
             and
             in
             some
             again
             the
             
               Gothish
               Arabick
            
             ,
             but
             generally
             and
             vulgarly
             ,
             the
             Old
             Spanish
             is
             used
             ,
             which
             has
             much
             Affinity
             with
             the
             Latin
             ;
             and
             as
             for
             the
             Civil
             and
             Imperial
             Laws
             used
             amongst
             them
             ,
             they
             are
             intermixed
             with
             many
             Customs
             of
             the
             Goths
             ,
             and
             the
             King
             governs
             his
             Provinces
             by
             Vice-Roys
             ,
             or
             Ministers
             of
             State
             ;
             and
             though
             this
             Couutry
             is
             not
             very
             fruitful
             in
             Corn
             and
             Cattle
             ,
             yet
             it
             generally
             abounds
             in
             Wines
             ,
             Oyls
             ,
             Sugars
             ,
             Rice
             ,
             Silk
             ,
             Liquoras
             ,
             Honey
             ,
             Wax
             ,
             Saffron
             ,
             Anniseeds
             ,
             Rosin
             ,
             Almonds
             ,
             Oranges
             ,
             Lemmons
             ,
             Cakes
             ,
             Soap
             ,
             Anchovies
             ,
             Soda
             ,
             Barrilla
             ,
             Shumack
             ,
             Wool
             ,
             Lamb-Skins
             ,
             Tobacco
             ,
             besides
             the
             great
             Treasures
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             that
             comes
             from
             America
             ,
             from
             whence
             it
             is
             conjectured
             since
             the
             first
             discovery
             ,
             that
             above
             Fifteen
             hundred
             thirty
             six
             Millions
             of
             Gold
             has
             been
             brought
             into
             Spain
             .
          
           
           
             As
             for
             the
             Buildings
             ,
             they
             are
             every
             where
             more
             solid
             and
             durable
             ,
             than
             stately
             and
             magnificent
             ,
             unless
             at
             Sevil
             ;
             in
             Relation
             to
             which
             ,
             the
             Spaniards
             usually
             say
             ,
             he
             that
             has
             not
             been
             at
             Sevil
             ,
             has
             seen
             no
             stately
             Building
             .
             As
             for
             Apparrel
             ,
             they
             affect
             rather
             Gravity
             than
             Gaudiness
             ;
             and
             their
             Diet
             is
             as
             sparing
             ,
             consisting
             for
             the
             most
             part
             of
             Herbs
             ,
             made
             into
             Pottage
             ,
             with
             minced
             Meats
             and
             Salads
             ;
             though
             there
             is
             scarcely
             a
             Mechanick
             in
             any
             noted
             Town
             ,
             but
             when
             he
             goes
             abroad
             ,
             has
             his
             Cloak
             on
             ,
             and
             his
             Rapier
             by
             his
             side
             ,
             and
             walks
             in
             as
             much
             State
             as
             the
             greatest
             Don
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             .
          
        
         
           
             A
             Description
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Portugal
             .
          
           
             THIS
             Kingdom
             was
             in
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Roman
             Conquests
             accounted
             a
             Province
             of
             Spain
             ,
             but
             since
             ,
             been
             a
             Kingdom
             of
             about
             Five
             hundred
             years
             standing
             ,
             bounded
             on
             the
             North
             ,
             with
             the
             River
             Minio
             ,
             and
             Ava
             ,
             which
             parts
             it
             from
             Gallicia
             ;
             on
             the
             East
             with
             the
             two
             Castles
             ,
             and
             Estremadure
             ;
             on
             the
             South
             ,
             with
             Algarve
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             West
             ,
             with
             the
             Atlantick
             Ocean
             ;
             and
             was
             anciently
             called
             Lusitania
             ,
             deriving
             its
             present
             Name
             from
             Porto
             ,
             a
             Haven
             Town
             ,
             scituate
             in
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             River
             Dueras
             ,
             the
             usual
             Landing
             place
             of
             the
             Gauls
             ;
             and
             thence
             corruptly
             called
             Portugal
             ,
             or
             the
             Gauls
             Port
             ;
             and
             is
             accounted
             to
             be
             in
             length
             ,
             from
             North
             to
             South
             ,
             about
             Six
             score
             Leagues
             ,
             running
             along
             the
             Sea-Coast
             ;
             and
             consequently
             ,
             not
             answerable
             in
             breadth
             ,
             in
             which
             it
             disproportions
             ,
             as
             in
             some
             places
             Twenty
             five
             ,
             some
             Thirty
             ,
             and
             in
             other
             Fifty
             Leagues
             .
          
           
           
             This
             Kingdom
             ,
             especially
             of
             late
             years
             ,
             has
             made
             its
             self
             famously
             known
             throughout
             the
             World
             ,
             by
             its
             Discoveries
             ,
             and
             Trafficks
             ,
             in
             Navigation
             ;
             so
             that
             no
             Trading
             part
             of
             the
             Universe
             ,
             has
             escaped
             its
             Knowledge
             .
             As
             for
             the
             Provinces
             attributed
             to
             Portugal
             ,
             they
             are
             principally
             Six
             ,
             which
             are
             as
             many
             General
             Governments
             ,
             Inter-Dueras
             ,
             and
             
               Minho
               ,
               Tralos-Montes
               ,
               Beyra
               ,
               Estremadure
               ,
               Aleuteio
               ,
            
             and
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Algarue
             ;
             and
             of
             these
             ,
             Inter-Dueras
             ,
             and
             Minho
             ,
             are
             the
             most
             noted
             ,
             as
             being
             exceeding
             Fruitful
             ,
             and
             well
             Peopled
             ,
             that
             for
             Eighteen
             Leagues
             in
             length
             ,
             and
             Twelve
             in
             bredth
             ,
             it
             possesses
             One
             hundred
             and
             thirty
             Monasteries
             ,
             One
             Thousand
             four
             hundred
             and
             sixty
             Parishes
             ,
             Five
             Thousand
             Fountains
             ,
             or
             Springs
             of
             Water
             ,
             Two
             hundred
             Stone-Bridges
             ,
             and
             Six
             Sea
             Ports
             :
             The
             chief
             City
             in
             these
             Parts
             ,
             is
             Porto
             ,
             called
             by
             the
             
               English
               Port
               à
               Port
            
             ,
             from
             its
             delightful
             Scituation
             ,
             and
             the
             Advantage
             of
             the
             Commodities
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             there
             in
             abundance
             found
             ;
             this
             place
             contains
             Four
             thousand
             Houses
             ,
             and
             is
             much
             traded
             to
             by
             divers
             Nations
             ;
             the
             next
             to
             this
             is
             Braga
             ,
             famed
             for
             the
             many
             Councils
             held
             there
             .
          
           
             
               Tralos
               Montes
            
             ,
             is
             a
             part
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             stored
             with
             Rich
             Mines
             ,
             and
             in
             it
             is
             found
             the
             City
             of
             Braganca
             ,
             the
             Capital
             of
             the
             Dukedom
             of
             that
             Title
             ,
             besides
             which
             there
             are
             Towns
             of
             lesser
             note
             ,
             and
             the
             Princes
             who
             are
             derived
             from
             this
             Title
             usually
             reside
             at
             Villa-Viciosa
             ,
             being
             now
             in
             Possession
             of
             the
             Crown
             ;
             and
             had
             before
             their
             coming
             to
             it
             ,
             a
             Prerogative
             ,
             beyond
             the
             Grandees
             of
             Spain
             ,
             to
             sit
             in
             publick
             under
             the
             Royal
             Canopie
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Kings
             ;
             Beyra
             another
             part
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             is
             exceeding
             fertile
             ,
             producing
             store
             of
             Millet
             ,
             Rye
             ,
             Apples
             ,
             Chestnuts
             ,
             Catle
             ,
             Corn
             ,
             &c.
             
             And
             in
             it
             is
             scituate
             the
             Famous
             City
             of
             Coimbra
             ,
             noted
             for
             its
             University
             ,
             and
             the
             See
             of
             a
             Bishop
             ,
             
               &c.
               
               Estremadure
            
             abounds
             in
             Wines
             ,
             Oyls
             ,
             Salt
             ,
             and
             Honey
             ,
             gathered
             from
             Citron
             Flowers
             ;
             
             and
             in
             it
             is
             seated
             Lisbon
             the
             Principal
             City
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             upon
             five
             little
             rising
             Hills
             ;
             on
             the
             Right
             bank
             of
             the
             River
             Tagus
             ,
             or
             Taio
             ,
             and
             Arch-Bishops
             See
             ,
             the
             usual
             Residence
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             Portugal
             ,
             and
             a
             City
             of
             great
             Trade
             ,
             having
             the
             Advantage
             of
             the
             Ebing
             and
             Flowing
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             as
             being
             but
             Five
             Miles
             from
             it
             ,
             held
             to
             contain
             Thirty
             two
             Parishes
             ,
             Three
             hundred
             fifty
             Streets
             ,
             Eleven
             thousand
             Houses
             ,
             and
             One
             hundred
             sixty
             thousand
             Inhabitants
             ;
             the
             Compas
             computed
             to
             be
             near
             Seven
             Miles
             accounting
             the
             Subburbs
             ,
             and
             was
             once
             the
             greatest
             Emporium
             of
             Europe
             .
             Santarim
             ,
             a
             place
             much
             in
             Request
             for
             the
             abundance
             of
             Olives
             ,
             that
             grow
             about
             it
             ;
             insomuch
             ,
             that
             the
             Natives
             boast
             ,
             but
             how
             truly
             ,
             I
             know
             not
             ,
             that
             they
             could
             make
             a
             River
             ,
             as
             big
             as
             the
             Tagus
             of
             their
             Oyl
             :
             Setuba
             ,
             an
             other
             Town
             in
             this
             Tract
             ,
             is
             accommodated
             with
             one
             of
             the
             best
             Havens
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             being
             no
             less
             than
             Thirty
             Miles
             long
             ,
             and
             Three
             broad
             ,
             abounding
             with
             Salt-Pits
             ,
             and
             Wine
             ,
             which
             bring
             a
             great
             Revenue
             into
             the
             Kings
             Coffers
             .
             Alenteio
             ,
             extreamly
             abounds
             with
             Corn
             ,
             insomuch
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             held
             to
             be
             the
             Grainery
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             has
             in
             it
             the
             City
             of
             Elvara
             ,
             the
             second
             to
             that
             of
             Lisbon
             ,
             near
             which
             ,
             the
             Portuguez
             won
             a
             considerable
             Victory
             against
             the
             Spaniards
             in
             1663.
             
             And
             next
             this
             ,
             Elvas
             claims
             Place
             ,
             for
             the
             many
             Sieges
             it
             has
             held
             out
             against
             the
             Spaniard
             ,
             and
             the
             plenty
             of
             Oyls
             the
             Neighbourhoods
             produce
             ,
             
               &c.
               
               Ourique
            
             is
             the
             place
             ,
             near
             to
             which
             was
             fought
             the
             Famous
             Battle
             ,
             which
             occasioned
             the
             proclaiming
             the
             King
             of
             Portugal
             of
             the
             House
             of
             
               Braganca
               ,
               Portelegar
            
             ,
             is
             a
             Bishops
             See.
             Algarve
             ,
             though
             little
             in
             extent
             ,
             has
             the
             Title
             of
             a
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             was
             re-united
             to
             the
             Crown
             by
             the
             Marriage
             of
             Alphonse
             the
             Third
             ,
             with
             Beatrice
             of
             Castile
             ,
             abounding
             in
             Eggs
             ,
             Almonds
             ,
             Olives
             ,
             Wines
             ,
             Corn.
             Cattle
             ,
             &c.
             
             And
             for
             the
             Chief
             Towns
             ,
             they
             are
             
               Tavila
               ,
               Faro
               ,
               Silves
            
             ,
             and
             Lagos
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Natives
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             are
             very
             frugal
             ,
             yet
             live
             in
             much
             plenty
             ,
             the
             Earth
             producing
             every
             where
             abundance
             :
             Nor
             did
             their
             Navigation
             in
             former
             days
             ,
             less
             conduce
             to
             their
             Support
             and
             Grandeur
             ;
             being
             held
             the
             first
             Europeans
             that
             publickly
             Trafficked
             into
             the
             remote
             parts
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             to
             bring
             it
             to
             any
             considerable
             Perfection
             .
             The
             People
             are
             generally
             straight
             Limbed
             ,
             and
             well
             proportioned
             ,
             very
             soft
             skinned
             ,
             but
             somewhat
             inclined
             to
             swarthiness
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             heat
             in
             those
             parts
             ;
             the
             Air
             is
             very
             healthy
             ,
             and
             the
             Country
             for
             the
             most
             part
             Hilly
             ,
             though
             few
             of
             note
             .
          
           
             The
             Roman
             Catholick
             Religion
             ,
             is
             only
             publickly
             professed
             .
             There
             are
             three
             Arch-Bishopricks
             ,
             viz.
             at
             
               Lisbon
               ,
               Braga
            
             ,
             and
             Elvora
             ;
             and
             Ten
             Bishopricks
             .
             They
             have
             Parliaments
             as
             occasion
             requires
             it
             ,
             held
             at
             Lisbon
             and
             Porto
             ,
             and
             Twenty
             seven
             places
             have
             their
             Generalities
             ;
             and
             the
             Revenues
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             is
             held
             to
             be
             about
             Ten
             Millions
             of
             Livers
             ,
             not
             accounting
             their
             Collonies
             in
             the
             East-Indies
             :
             And
             although
             Portugal
             was
             seized
             on
             by
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             ,
             after
             the
             fatal
             Battle
             of
             Alcazar
             in
             Affrick
             ,
             and
             the
             Death
             of
             King
             Henry
             ,
             who
             Succeeded
             Sabastian
             ,
             slain
             by
             the
             Moors
             ;
             it
             revolted
             in
             the
             year
             ,
             1640.
             
             And
             is
             governed
             by
             a
             King
             of
             its
             own
             ,
             as
             a
             separate
             Kingdom
             from
             Spain
             ,
             and
             thus
             much
             for
             Portugal
             ,
          
        
         
           
             A
             Description
             of
             Italy
             ,
             In
             its
             Kingdoms
             and
             Dominions
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             ITaly
             is
             a
             very
             Fruitful
             Country
             ,
             and
             held
             for
             its
             Pleasantness
             to
             be
             the
             Mistriss
             of
             all
             Countries
             ,
             as
             it
             once
             was
             Empress
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             and
             is
             incompassed
             with
             the
             
               Adriatick
               ,
               Jonian
            
             ,
             and
             Tyrrian
             Seas
             :
             Except
             ,
             towards
             France
             and
             Germany
             ,
             from
             which
             it
             is
             parted
             by
             the
             Alps
             ,
             which
             renders
             it
             in
             a
             manner
             
             a
             Penjusula
             ,
             but
             more
             peculiarly
             ,
             it
             has
             on
             the
             East
             the
             lower
             part
             of
             the
             Adriatick
             ,
             and
             the
             Jonian
             Sea
             ,
             deviding
             it
             from
             Greece
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             ,
             it
             has
             the
             River
             Varus
             ,
             and
             some
             part
             of
             the
             Alps
             ,
             parting
             it
             from
             France
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             ,
             a
             part
             of
             the
             Alps
             divides
             it
             from
             Germany
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             other
             parts
             ,
             the
             Adriatique
             Sea
             devides
             it
             from
             Dalmatia
             ,
             being
             held
             by
             the
             Antients
             to
             be
             in
             form
             like
             an
             Oak-Leaf
             .
          
           
             This
             Country
             branched
             out
             into
             sundry
             principalities
             and
             Provinces
             ,
             is
             scituate
             in
             a
             most
             Fruitful
             and
             temperate
             Air
             ,
             under
             the
             fifth
             climate
             of
             the
             North
             temperate
             Zone
             ,
             which
             is
             totally
             taken
             up
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             Longest
             day
             is
             15
             hours
             ,
             and
             three
             fifth
             parts
             of
             an
             hour
             ,
             Northward
             and
             Southward
             ,
             not
             much
             above
             14
             hours
             ,
             and
             the
             parts
             mentioned
             ;
             and
             is
             reckoned
             in
             length
             ,
             from
             
               Augusta
               Praetoria
            
             ,
             now
             called
             Aost
             ,
             unto
             Otranto
             the
             most
             Easternly
             part
             of
             Naples
             1020
             miles
             ,
             and
             in
             bredth
             from
             the
             River
             Varo
             ,
             which
             parts
             it
             from
             that
             Province
             to
             the
             Mouth
             of
             the
             River
             Arsa
             in
             Friuli
             ;
             where
             it
             is
             the
             broadest
             410
             miles
             ,
             and
             where
             the
             narrowest
             ,
             which
             is
             about
             Otranto
             ,
             exceeds
             not
             23.
             so
             that
             the
             whole
             compass
             by
             Sea
             ,
             reckoning
             windings
             and
             turnings
             ,
             is
             held
             to
             be
             3448
             miles
             ,
             but
             reckoned
             in
             a
             straight
             line
             upon
             the
             coast
             ,
             it
             falls
             much
             short
             as
             not
             above
             2550.
             
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             first
             Inhabiters
             of
             this
             Country
             ,
             they
             remaine
             doubtful
             ,
             for
             as
             soon
             as
             Historians
             make
             any
             considerable
             mention
             of
             it
             ,
             we
             find
             it
             Inhabited
             by
             divers
             Nations
             ,
             held
             to
             be
             Greek
             Colonies
             ,
             who
             transported
             themselves
             at
             sundry
             times
             ;
             the
             people
             of
             the
             Sea
             Coast
             being
             said
             to
             come
             thither
             under
             
               Janus
               ,
               Anno
               Mundi
               ,
               1925.
               
            
             After
             them
             Saturn
             out
             of
             Creet
             ;
             then
             Evander
             or
             Oenotrus
             out
             of
             Arcadia
             ,
             and
             then
             Aeneas
             with
             his
             Trojans
             ,
             with
             many
             others
             ;
             but
             after
             the
             Romans
             grew
             powerful
             ,
             they
             brought
             the
             whole
             Country
             into
             subjection
             ,
             and
             ,
             held
             it
             in
             spite
             of
             the
             frequent
             Invasions
             of
             
               Phyrus
               
               Hanibal
            
             ,
             the
             
               Gauls
               ,
               Cimbri
            
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
             till
             the
             time
             of
             Honorius
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             at
             what
             time
             the
             
               Goths
               Vandals
               ,
               Herulies
               ,
               Huns
               ,
            
             and
             other
             Barbarous
             Nations
             ,
             passing
             the
             Alps
             ,
             rent
             it
             from
             the
             Empire
             ,
             and
             devided
             it
             amongst
             themselves
             establishing
             many
             Kingdoms
             and
             Principalities
             ;
             and
             when
             these
             were
             in
             a
             manner
             subdued
             by
             the
             Valour
             and
             Conduct
             of
             
               Narses
               ,
               Bellarius
            
             ,
             and
             other
             Imperial
             Generals
             .
             Albonius
             King
             of
             the
             Lumbards
             ,
             seized
             upon
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             it
             calling
             it
             Longobardia
             ,
             vulgarly
             Lumbardy
             ;
             but
             they
             a
             considerable
             time
             after
             were
             brought
             under
             by
             Pepin
             King
             of
             France
             ,
             called
             in
             by
             the
             Bishop
             of
             Rome
             ,
             who
             reduced
             their
             Kingdom
             to
             a
             straight
             compass
             ;
             after
             which
             the
             seat
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             was
             fixed
             in
             Germany
             ,
             and
             Italy
             ,
             parcell'd
             out
             amongst
             sundry
             Princes
             ,
             and
             the
             usual
             Division
             is
             into
             six
             parts
             viz.
             Lumbardy
             ,
             the
             Land
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             
               Nap●ls
               ,
               ●ascany
               ,
               Genoa
            
             ,
             the
             Signory
             of
             Venice
             ;
             but
             more
             particularly
             into
             five
             greater
             and
             six
             lesser
             ;
             as
             for
             the
             first
             ,
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Naples
             ,
             the
             Papacy
             ,
             the
             Signory
             of
             Venice
             ,
             the
             Dukedom
             of
             Florence
             ,
             and
             the
             Dukedom
             of
             Millain
             ,
             the
             lesser
             are
             the
             Dukedoms
             of
             
               Mantoua
               ,
               Vrbine
               ,
               Modena
               ,
               Parma
               ,
            
             with
             the
             States
             of
             Genoa
             and
             Luca
             ;
             and
             of
             these
             in
             their
             Order
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Kingdom
               of
               Naples
               Described
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               AS
               for
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Naples
               it
               is
               Governed
               at
               this
               day
               by
               a
               Vice-Roy
               ,
               under
               the
               King
               of
               Spain
               ;
               and
               is
               scituate
               in
               the
               most
               pleasant
               part
               of
               Italy
               ,
               devided
               from
               the
               Territories
               of
               the
               Church
               ,
               by
               the
               River
               Axofenus
               ,
               being
               on
               the
               other
               parts
               Inviornd
               with
               the
               Seas
               ;
               making
               many
               commodious
               Havens
               ,
               and
               contains
               the
               Provinces
               of
               
                 Lavaro
                 ,
                 Calabria
              
               Inferior
               and
               Superior
               ,
               
                 Otranto
                 ,
                 Apulia
                 ,
                 Puglia
                 ,
                 Abruzzo
                 .
              
            
             
             
               In
               Lavaro
               is
               founded
               the
               City
               of
               Naples
               ,
               from
               whence
               the
               Kingdom
               takes
               its
               Name
               ,
               and
               many
               others
               of
               lesser
               note
               ;
               but
               that
               which
               is
               most
               noted
               ,
               is
               the
               Mountain
               Vesuvius
               lately
               called
               Somma
               ,
               being
               exceeding
               high
               ,
               and
               casting
               Flames
               out
               at
               the
               top
               of
               it
               ,
               in
               a
               dreadful
               manner
               ;
               though
               all
               the
               borders
               or
               parts
               of
               it
               are
               otherways
               very
               pleasant
               and
               fruitful
               ,
               abounding
               in
               Vines
               ,
               Flower-Gardens
               ,
               Olive-Yards
               and
               rich
               Pastures
               ;
               many
               of
               the
               Houses
               of
               the
               Gentry
               ,
               and
               Country
               Villages
               ;
               the
               City
               it self
               being
               seated
               at
               the
               foot
               of
               the
               Mountain
               ,
               and
               other
               Hills
               that
               branch
               from
               it
               ,
               extending
               from
               the
               South-West
               to
               the
               North-East
               ,
               in
               a
               manner
               Triangular
               ;
               and
               so
               Fruitful
               is
               the
               Country
               in
               Corn
               ,
               that
               the
               Importation
               of
               Bread
               is
               forbidden
               upon
               great
               penalties
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               Buildings
               ,
               they
               are
               of
               free
               Stone
               ;
               many
               of
               them
               four
               Stories
               in
               height
               ,
               and
               the
               Tops
               flat
               ,
               the
               Windows
               are
               generally
               covered
               with
               fine
               Linnen
               or
               Tiffany
               in
               stead
               of
               Glass
               ,
               which
               gives
               an
               equal
               Light
               and
               keeps
               out
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               Sun
               :
               Nor
               consists
               the
               City
               of
               Naples
               of
               any
               more
               than
               three
               considerable
               broad
               Streets
               ,
               called
               
                 La
                 Vicaria
                 ,
                 La
                 Lapuan
              
               ,
               and
               
                 La
                 Toletano
              
               ;
               the
               rest
               being
               inconsiderable
               Lanes
               ,
               and
               places
               of
               less
               note
               ;
               having
               8
               Gates
               towards
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               as
               many
               towards
               the
               Land
               ,
               strongly
               walled
               and
               defended
               with
               three
               Castles
               .
               The
               Women
               here
               ,
               are
               very
               beautiful
               ,
               and
               through
               the
               abundance
               of
               Silks
               found
               in
               these
               parts
               ,
               the
               meanest
               Citizens
               Wives
               go
               clad
               in
               it
               ;
               the
               people
               are
               very
               thrifty
               and
               industruous
               ,
               especially
               about
               their
               Gardens
               ,
               from
               whence
               they
               derive
               a
               great
               part
               of
               their
               Food
               ,
               in
               Fruits
               ,
               Herbs
               ,
               Roots
               ,
               &c.
               as
               living
               very
               spare
               and
               temperate
               ,
               though
               the
               Country
               abounds
               in
               plenty
               .
               The
               Estates
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Naples
               ,
               as
               we
               may
               properly
               call
               them
               ,
               under
               the
               Spanish
               Vice-Roy
               ,
               are
               held
               to
               be
               14
               Princes
               ,
               25
               Dukes
               ,
               30
               Marquesses
               ,
               54
               Earls
               ,
               and
               400
               Barons
               
               and
               Gentlemen
               ;
               having
               4
               publick
               Houses
               ,
               called
               the
               Segij
               ,
               in
               which
               they
               meet
               to
               consult
               Affairs
               of
               Importance
               ;
               as
               also
               places
               are
               appointed
               for
               the
               meeting
               of
               Merchants
               in
               the
               way
               of
               Trade
               .
            
             
               Calabria
               is
               another
               Province
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Naples
               ,
               bounded
               with
               the
               Jonian
               and
               Tyrrenean
               Seas
               ,
               and
               with
               the
               River
               Jano
               ,
               said
               to
               be
               500
               miles
               in
               compass
               ,
               divided
               into
               the
               higher
               and
               lower
               Calabria
               :
               The
               chief
               Cities
               of
               the
               former
               being
               Consentia
               and
               Salernum
               ,
               the
               chief
               resort
               of
               Italian
               Physitians
               ,
               pleasantly
               scituated
               and
               well
               inhabited
               ;
               the
               Buildings
               agreeing
               with
               those
               of
               Naples
               ,
               though
               not
               in
               the
               General
               so
               sumptuous
               ,
               and
               all
               the
               Neighbouring
               Countries
               are
               full
               of
               Villages
               ,
               and
               very
               Fruitful
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               latter
               
                 Calabria
                 ,
                 Cuterzary
              
               ,
               is
               seated
               as
               principal
               ,
               being
               a
               strong
               City
               well
               Walled
               ,
               and
               Fortified
               ;
               and
               formerly
               this
               Country
               was
               called
               
                 Magna
                 Graecia
              
               ,
               from
               the
               many
               Greek
               Collonies
               that
               seated
               themselves
               in
               it
               .
            
             
               Otranto
               is
               on
               three
               parts
               bound
               with
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               other
               with
               Puglia
               ,
               having
               Tarentum
               and
               Brundusum
               for
               its
               chief
               places
               ;
               formerly
               boasting
               it self
               one
               of
               the
               best
               Havens
               in
               Europe
               ;
               but
               for
               some
               years
               past
               choaked
               up
               ,
               or
               much
               obstructed
               by
               shoales
               of
               Sand
               carry'd
               in
               by
               the
               Sea
               ;
               so
               that
               a
               Ship
               cannot
               without
               some
               difficulty
               enter
               ,
               by
               which
               means
               the
               places
               are
               much
               reduced
               :
               Here
               are
               found
               likewise
               the
               Towns
               of
               Otranto
               and
               Gallipolis
               ,
               very
               plentious
               in
               Oyls
               ,
               Wines
               ,
               and
               Manufacturies
               of
               Silks
               ,
               and
               other
               matters
               of
               value
               ;
               there
               are
               found
               great
               store
               of
               Corn
               ,
               Mellions
               ,
               Citron
               ,
               Saffron
               ,
               &c.
               and
               what
               is
               one
               thing
               observable
               ,
               no
               Partridges
               pass
               the
               Limits
               of
               this
               Country
               .
            
             
               Apulia
               another
               Province
               of
               Naples
               ,
               extends
               it self
               from
               the
               confines
               of
               Brundusium
               ,
               to
               the
               River
               Fortore
               ,
               and
               is
               properly
               devided
               into
               two
               Provinces
               ,
               and
               has
               for
               its
               principal
               City
               that
               of
               Manfredo
               ;
               Scituate
               beneath
               the
               Hill
               of
               St.
               Angello
               ,
               accommodated
               
               with
               many
               stately
               Buildings
               ,
               and
               is
               the
               Seat
               of
               the
               Arch-Bishop
               of
               Siponto
               ;
               and
               that
               which
               adds
               more
               to
               its
               advantage
               ,
               is
               that
               it
               has
               a
               capacious
               Harbour
               ,
               capable
               of
               receiving
               Ships
               and
               Galleys
               of
               great
               burthen
               ,
               and
               is
               defended
               with
               a
               very
               stong
               Castle
               ,
               the
               Country
               all
               about
               it
               being
               very
               Fruitful
               .
            
             
               Puglia
               is
               bounded
               with
               the
               Rivers
               Tronto
               and
               Fortore
               ,
               and
               has
               for
               its
               chief
               Cities
               Barlet
               ,
               which
               has
               a
               good
               Haven
               belonging
               to
               it
               ,
               and
               held
               to
               be
               one
               of
               the
               4
               strong
               holds
               of
               Italy
               ;
               and
               Cannae
               the
               Country
               though
               somewhat
               Hilly
               ,
               or
               Mountainous
               ;
               abounds
               with
               Cattle
               ,
               Saffron
               ,
               and
               many
               other
               Commodities
               incident
               to
               Italy
               .
            
             
               Abruzzo
               is
               in
               like
               manner
               a
               part
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Naples
               ,
               having
               for
               its
               chiefest
               Cities
               or
               Towns
               Aquino
               ,
               giving
               Birth
               of
               
                 Thomas
                 Aquinas
              
               ,
               and
               Sulmo
               Famous
               for
               the
               Birth
               of
               Ovid
               the
               Poet
               ,
               both
               pleasantly
               seated
               and
               well
               inhabited
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               Papacy
               Described
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               AS
               for
               the
               Papacy
               ,
               commonly
               called
               the
               Estate
               of
               the
               Pope
               ,
               Inherent
               to
               the
               See
               of
               Rome
               ;
               it
               consists
               of
               two
               Natures
               or
               Jurisdictions
               ,
               as
               Spiritual
               and
               Temporal
               principalities
               ,
               as
               touching
               the
               latter
               of
               which
               it
               has
               under
               its
               Jurisdiction
               many
               large
               Terretories
               lying
               between
               the
               River
               Fiore
               and
               Cajetta
               ,
               between
               Prenestae
               and
               the
               Truentian
               Straights
               ,
               the
               Dukedom
               of
               Vrbin
               excepted
               ,
               containing
               the
               Provinces
               of
               
                 Romandiola
                 ,
                 Murchia
                 ,
                 Spolletto
              
               ,
               and
               that
               usually
               called
               St.
               Peters
               Patrimony
               is
               accounted
               Spiritual
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               of
               these
               extends
               to
               the
               Venetian
               Terretories
               on
               the
               West
               ,
               and
               to
               Rubicon
               on
               the
               East
               ,
               a
               little
               River
               so
               called
               from
               the
               Redness
               of
               the
               Waters
               ,
               over
               which
               in
               the
               flourishing
               time
               of
               the
               Romans
               ;
               the
               Consuls
               were
               forbiden
               to
               come
               armed
               homewards
               ,
               least
               the
               fear
               of
               any
               designed
               might
               bring
               
               a
               terror
               upon
               the
               City
               of
               Rome
               .
               As
               for
               the
               chief
               Cities
               in
               this
               part
               ,
               they
               are
               Bononia
               ,
               the
               prime
               University
               of
               Italy
               ,
               and
               where
               the
               Civil
               Law
               is
               very
               much
               studyed
               :
               This
               City
               is
               Round
               of
               form
               Built
               with
               Brick
               and
               Free-stone
               ,
               commodiously
               scituate
               ,
               and
               has
               towards
               the
               Streets
               ,
               Arched
               Cloysters
               to
               secure
               such
               as
               pass
               them
               from
               Rain
               ,
               &c.
               
               Here
               is
               likewise
               found
               the
               City
               Ferrara
               ,
               scituate
               on
               the
               banks
               of
               the
               River
               Po
               ,
               and
               fortified
               on
               all
               other
               parts
               ,
               with
               a
               strong
               Wall●
               in
               which
               the
               former
               Dukes
               held
               the
               stately
               Pallace
               of
               Beluedevere
               ,
               so
               named
               from
               its
               pleasant
               scituation
               ;
               as
               also
               Ravenna
               of
               great
               antiquity
               ,
               renowned
               in
               Antient
               History
               ;
               accommodated
               about
               two
               miles
               distant
               with
               a
               famous
               Port
               or
               Haven
               .
               This
               Province
               or
               Country
               ,
               produces
               Corn
               ,
               Wine
               ,
               Oyl
               ,
               some
               Drugs
               ,
               plenty
               of
               Cattle
               ,
               and
               especially
               good
               Horses
               .
            
             
               Marchia
               extendeth
               from
               Puglia
               to
               Otranto
               between
               the
               Appenine
               and
               the
               Sea
               ,
               commodiously
               divided
               into
               little
               rising
               Hills
               ,
               and
               fertile
               Plaines
               ,
               by
               which
               means
               it
               is
               very
               Fruitful
               ,
               greatly
               abounding
               with
               Corn
               ,
               Wine
               ,
               and
               Oyl
               :
               It
               s
               principal
               Empori
               is
               Ancona
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               commodiousness
               of
               its
               Haven
               ,
               and
               is
               a
               fair
               City
               incompassed
               with
               three
               Mountains
               ,
               and
               hath
               the
               form
               of
               a
               half
               Moon
               ,
               the
               Streets
               are
               narrow
               and
               paved
               with
               Flint
               ;
               the
               Haven
               is
               Triangular
               ,
               where
               are
               curious
               Walks
               ,
               and
               a
               place
               called
               
                 la
                 Loggia
              
               ,
               where
               the
               Merchants
               that
               resort
               thither
               for
               Trade
               ,
               do
               meet
               and
               is
               very
               healthy
               :
               the
               other
               considerable
               Cities
               are
               Firmo
               ,
               and
               Ascoli
               ,
               aud
               in
               this
               Province
               stands
               Loretto
               ,
               so
               Famous
               for
               our
               Ladies
               Miracles
               .
            
             
               Spolletto
               ,
               anciently
               Vmbria
               ,
               has
               for
               its
               chief
               Cities
               Spolletto
               ,
               from
               whence
               it
               takes
               its
               name
               Onietto
               ,
               scituate
               on
               a
               high
               Rock
               and
               Asis
               ,
               where
               St.
               Francis
               was
               born
               :
               and
               though
               this
               Province
               is
               not
               large
               ,
               yet
               it
               abounds
               with
               Wine
               ,
               Corn
               ,
               Oyl
               ,
               Saffron
               ,
               Cattle
               ,
               Figs
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
             
               St.
               Peters
               Patrimony
               ,
               so
               called
               ,
               and
               accouned
               the
               Spiritual
               Jurisdiction
               ,
               contains
               all
               the
               ancient
               Latium
               ,
               or
               
                 Campaigna
                 di
                 Roma
              
               ,
               and
               the
               chief
               City
               is
               Rome
               ,
               formerly
               the
               Capital
               of
               the
               most
               cousiderable
               Empire
               in
               the
               World
               ,
               Mistriss
               of
               the
               fairest
               part
               of
               the
               Universe
               ,
               and
               said
               thro'
               the
               excess
               of
               her
               many
               Conquests
               to
               extend
               by
               Degrees
               ,
               from
               2
               Miles
               in
               compass
               to
               50
               ,
               and
               had
               on
               her
               Walls
               740
               Towers
               ,
               spreading
               over
               ,
               or
               taking
               in
               her
               circumference
               7
               Mountains
               or
               Hills
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Pallatinus
                 ,
                 Capitolinus
                 ,
                 Vnivalis
                 ,
                 Aventinus
                 ,
                 Esquiliuus
                 ,
                 Caelius
                 ,
              
               and
               Querinalis
               ;
               and
               is
               scituate
               on
               the
               banks
               of
               the
               Famous
               River
               Tiber
               ;
               though
               at
               this
               day
               it
               is
               not
               accounted
               above
               11
               Miles
               in
               Circuit
               ,
               however
               containing
               many
               stately
               Structures
               and
               Monuments
               of
               its
               ancient
               Greatness
               :
               But
               what
               renders
               it
               most
               Eminent
               is
               the
               Popes
               Pallace
               on
               the
               Vatican
               Hill
               ,
               the
               Famous
               Church
               Dedicated
               to
               St.
               Peter
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               goodliest
               Structures
               in
               the
               World
               ,
               accounted
               520
               Feet
               in
               Length
               ,
               aad
               385
               in
               Bredth
               ,
               adorned
               with
               Paintings
               ,
               Tombs
               ,
               and
               other
               choice
               Pieces
               of
               Antiquity
               ,
               almost
               Innumerable
               ;
               the
               Vatican
               Library
               ,
               and
               many
               Monuments
               of
               the
               Roman
               Emperors
               ;
               and
               not
               far
               from
               this
               City
               is
               
                 Pont
                 Mill
              
               ,
               where
               Constantine
               the
               great
               was
               shewed
               the
               Cross
               in
               the
               Clouds
               ,
               with
               this
               Motto
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 In
                 hoc
                 Vincis
              
               ,
               in
               this
               you
               shall
               overcome
               ;
               which
               made
               him
               take
               the
               Insign
               of
               the
               Cross
               for
               his
               Banner
               ;
               and
               accordingly
               prevailing
               over
               his
               Enemies
               he
               not
               only
               Imbraced
               the
               Christian
               Religion
               himself
               ,
               but
               commanded
               it
               should
               be
               observed
               throughout
               his
               Empire
               :
               And
               indeed
               in
               Rome
               centers
               the
               Plenty
               and
               Glory
               of
               Italy
               ,
               the
               Inhabitants
               being
               accounted
               two
               Hundred
               Thousand
               ,
               most
               Clergy-men
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               Seignorie
               or
               Common-wealth
               of
               Venice
               Described
               ,
               &c
               :
            
             
               NOrth
               of
               the
               Alps
               from
               Roman-di-ola
               ,
               are
               the
               Italian
               Provinces
               ,
               appertaining
               to
               the
               State
               of
               Venice
               ,
               bounded
               on
               the
               South
               with
               the
               Territories
               of
               Ferarra
               ,
               and
               the
               rest
               of
               
                 Roman
                 di-ola
              
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               Dukedom
               of
               Millain
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               with
               the
               main
               Body
               of
               the
               Alps
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               East
               with
               the
               
                 Adriatick
                 Sea
              
               ,
               and
               the
               River
               Arsia
               which
               ,
               parts
               them
               from
               Liburnia
               :
               besides
               it
               commands
               a
               great
               part
               of
               Greece
               ,
               especially
               by
               the
               late
               successful
               Acquisitions
               and
               Victories
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               divers
               Islands
               in
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               has
               all
               along
               been
               the
               Bulwark
               of
               Christendom
               against
               the
               Turks
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               chief
               City
               upon
               which
               the
               rest
               depend
               ,
               it
               gives
               a
               Name
               to
               the
               People
               ,
               and
               is
               wonderfully
               situate
               ,
               or
               seated
               at
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               
                 Adriatick
                 Sea
              
               ,
               or
               Gulf
               of
               Venice
               ,
               upon
               72
               Islands
               ,
               five
               Miles
               distant
               from
               the
               main
               Land
               ,
               defended
               from
               the
               rage
               of
               Sea
               and
               Storms
               by
               a
               prodigeous
               work
               ;
               being
               a
               bank
               of
               (
               some
               say
               60
               other
               )
               35
               miles
               in
               length
               ;
               open
               in
               7
               places
               for
               passage
               ,
               with
               Boats
               and
               Gallys
               ,
               &c.
               of
               small
               burthen
               ,
               of
               which
               they
               have
               commonly
               1300
               ,
               but
               for
               great
               Vessels
               the
               only
               passage
               is
               at
               Malamacco
               ,
               and
               Castle
               Lido
               ,
               strongly
               fortified
               and
               yet
               this
               City
               is
               Computed
               no
               more
               than
               8
               miles
               in
               circuit
               ;
               having
               for
               its
               better
               conveniency
               4000
               bridges
               ,
               one
               of
               which
               is
               very
               famous
               ,
               passing
               over
               the
               Great
               Chanel
               ;
               and
               the
               rest
               ,
               pass
               waters
               of
               lesser
               note
               ,
               which
               in
               divers
               places
               refresh
               this
               Maritime
               City
               .
            
             
               The
               Arsmal
               is
               the
               most
               beautiful
               ,
               bigest
               ,
               and
               best
               furnished
               in
               Europe
               ;
               being
               about
               2
               miles
               in
               circuit
               ▪
               and
               has
               a
               Magazine
               of
               all
               sorts
               of
               Arms
               ,
               Engines
               and
               Amunition
               for
               Sea
               or
               Land
               Service
               ,
               amongst
               which
               
               are
               1000
               Coats
               of
               plate
               Garnished
               with
               Gold
               ,
               and
               covered
               with
               Velvet
               ;
               but
               what
               is
               most
               admirable
               is
               the
               Church
               of
               St
               Mark
               ,
               their
               Titular
               Saint
               ;
               wrought
               with
               Mosaick
               work
               ,
               supported
               with
               Pillars
               of
               Marble
               and
               Prophery
               ;
               adorn'd
               with
               Images
               ,
               Tombs
               ,
               &c.
               that
               for
               the
               abundance
               of
               Jewels
               ,
               Pearls
               ,
               Gold
               ,
               and
               Silver
               ,
               that
               cover
               and
               adorn
               them
               ,
               and
               their
               Altars
               it
               may
               be
               thought
               that
               the
               whole
               Treasury
               of
               the
               State
               might
               be
               Imployed
               to
               that
               purpose
               ;
               and
               besides
               there
               are
               found
               200
               Pallaces
               built
               of
               Marble
               ,
               and
               adorned
               with
               Collumnes
               ,
               Statues
               ,
               Pictures
               ,
               and
               other
               things
               of
               great
               Value
               ;
               that
               for
               their
               grandure
               ,
               they
               are
               capable
               of
               entertaining
               any
               Prince
               ;
               They
               have
               likewise
               73
               rich
               Hospitals
               ;
               56
               Tribunals
               ,
               or
               Courts
               of
               Justice
               ;
               67
               parish
               Churches
               ,
               26
               Monasteries
               of
               Nuns
               54
               Convents
               of
               Friars
               ,
               18
               Chappels
               and
               6
               Free-Schools
               ;
               and
               so
               powerful
               once
               they
               were
               that
               they
               held
               War
               with
               all
               the
               Prince
               of
               Europe
               ,
               &c.
               
               England
               excepted
               ,
               for
               the
               space
               of
               seven
               years
               ,
               and
               wanted
               neither
               men
               nor
               money
               ;
               and
               if
               we
               consider
               ▪
               what
               Wars
               they
               have
               had
               for
               near
               200
               years
               (
               at
               times
               )
               with
               the
               Turks
               ;
               we
               must
               needs
               proceed
               to
               wonder
               how
               they
               should
               support
               themselves
               under
               that
               expence
               of
               Treasure
               ,
               and
               loss
               of
               men
               ;
               but
               their
               Income
               is
               mostly
               by
               Navigation
               ,
               and
               the
               fruitfulness
               of
               their
               Islands
               ;
               so
               that
               according
               to
               a
               Modern
               account
               ,
               it
               has
               amounted
               in
               the
               Treasury
               ,
               (
               not
               reckoning
               the
               Effects
               of
               particular
               men
               ,
               )
               to
               five
               millions
               and
               320000
               Duckets
               yearly
               :
               as
               for
               the
               City
               it
               is
               Governed
               by
               a
               Duke
               ,
               and
               the
               Sennate
               ;
               and
               so
               consequently
               all
               the
               Countries
               and
               Cities
               under
               its
               Jurisdiction
               ,
               many
               of
               which
               we
               shall
               have
               occasion
               to
               mention
               hereafter
               ,
               and
               therefore
               purposely
               omit
               them
               in
               this
               description
               :
               only
               by
               the
               way
               take
               notice
               ,
               that
               the
               Terretories
               of
               this
               Signorie
               ,
               are
               divided
               into
               Land
               and
               Sea
               ;
               and
               in
               
                 Lombardy
                 ,
                 Marca
                 ,
                 Trevigiana
                 ,
                 Friuli
              
               and
               Istri
               ,
               part
               of
               
                 Dalmatia
                 ,
                 Sclavoniae
                 ,
                 Albania
              
               ,
               and
               the
               Morea
               ;
               
               and
               in
               their
               Jurisdiction
               are
               the
               famous
               Cities
               of
               
                 Padua
                 ,
                 Brescia
                 ,
                 Bergamo
                 ,
                 Vicenza
              
               and
               others
               ;
               as
               for
               their
               Islands
               the
               principal
               are
               
                 Corfu
                 ,
                 Cephalonia
                 ,
                 Zant
                 ,
                 Ithaca
                 ,
              
               and
               others
               lately
               regained
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               Discription
               of
               the
               Dukedom
               of
               Florence
               ,
               or
               Tuscany
               .
            
             
               THis
               Dukedom
               now
               under
               the
               Grand
               Duke
               of
               Tuscany
               ,
               is
               divided
               from
               St.
               Peter's
               Patrimony
               ,
               on
               the
               East
               ,
               by
               the
               River
               Pisco
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               by
               the
               River
               Macra
               ,
               from
               the
               Common-wealth
               of
               Genoa
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               from
               Romandiola
               ,
               and
               
                 Marca
                 Anconitana
              
               ,
               by
               the
               Apennine
               Hills
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               South
               ,
               has
               for
               its
               boundar●
               the
               Tyrrean
               and
               Tuscan
               Seas
               .
            
             
               This
               Country
               formerly
               had
               its
               name
               from
               the
               City
               of
               Florence
               ,
               Scituate
               nigh
               the
               confluence
               of
               the
               River
               Arno
               ,
               round
               in
               form
               and
               strongly
               fortified
               with
               a
               Wall
               ,
               &c.
               and
               8
               Forts
               ,
               whereof
               the
               greatest
               lyes
               towards
               the
               South
               ;
               the
               buildings
               are
               very
               stately
               ,
               errected
               with
               Free-stone
               and
               Marble
               ,
               flat
               on
               the
               roofs
               ,
               except
               the
               Pallaces
               which
               are
               adorned
               with
               Towers
               and
               Pinacles
               ;
               the
               Pavements
               of
               the
               Streets
               being
               likewise
               for
               the
               most
               part
               broad
               Free-stone
               ,
               a
               River
               running
               through
               the
               chief
               of
               them
               ,
               which
               greatly
               cools
               and
               refreshes
               the
               City
               in
               the
               heat
               of
               Summer
               ;
               and
               over
               it
               is
               a
               stately
               Bridge
               allmost
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               towards
               the
               North
               East
               it
               is
               Encompassed
               with
               pleasant
               Hills
               ,
               gently
               rising
               and
               planted
               with
               choice
               Fruits
               ,
               and
               sheltered
               from
               storms
               by
               the
               Apennine
               Mountains
               that
               lye
               behind
               them
               ;
               nor
               does
               the
               South
               side
               want
               the
               like
               advantage
               ,
               whilest
               the
               West
               Exposes
               it
               to
               the
               Flowry
               Valleys
               of
               Arno
               ;
               and
               without
               the
               Wall
               are
               the
               Garden
               houses
               and
               Pallaces
               of
               the
               Nobility
               and
               Gentry
               ,
               which
               likewise
               scatter
               over
               all
               the
               pleasant
               
               Fields
               ;
               insomuch
               that
               it
               is
               accounted
               the
               Glory
               of
               Italy
               ,
               frequently
               stiled
               its
               Garden
               ,
               and
               takes
               its
               name
               from
               the
               Flowry
               Plains
               ,
               and
               Gardens
               that
               inclose
               ,
               or
               expend
               themselves
               about
               it
               .
               The
               next
               City
               of
               note
               is
               Pisa
               ,
               through
               which
               the
               River
               Arno
               runs
               ,
               from
               East
               to
               West
               ,
               its
               Scituation
               being
               in
               a
               plain
               ;
               and
               towards
               the
               North-west
               by
               North
               is
               a
               Gate
               ,
               and
               a
               fair
               Cathederal
               Church
               ,
               most
               curiously
               wrought
               and
               Paved
               with
               Marble
               ;
               and
               here
               the
               Duke
               of
               Florence
               or
               Tuscany
               has
               a
               Pallace
               ,
               seated
               on
               the
               bank
               of
               the
               River
               Sienna
               ;
               another
               City
               is
               scituate
               on
               a
               rising
               Hill
               ,
               indifferently
               ascending
               above
               the
               Valleys
               ;
               the
               streets
               of
               which
               ,
               a
               thing
               unusual
               ,
               are
               paved
               with
               Brick
               ,
               wherefore
               no
               Carts
               nor
               Coaches
               are
               allowed
               to
               pass
               through
               them
               ,
               but
               the
               burthens
               are
               carry'd
               by
               men
               Mules
               and
               Asses
               ;
               and
               has
               in
               it
               several
               stately
               Towers
               and
               Fountains
               ,
               the
               Women
               of
               this
               place
               being
               likewise
               reckoned
               the
               fairest
               of
               all
               
                 Italy
                 .
                 Massa
              
               is
               a
               Town
               most
               noted
               for
               the
               Quarries
               of
               Marble
               in
               its
               neighbourhood
               .
            
             
               In
               this
               Dukedom
               is
               the
               famous
               Legorne
               ,
               so
               much
               traded
               to
               by
               Merchants
               of
               most
               Nations
               in
               Europe
               ;
               opening
               to
               the
               Sea
               a
               spacious
               Port
               or
               Haven
               ,
               and
               is
               a
               Mart
               or
               Emporis
               for
               all
               the
               principal
               commodities
               of
               Italy
               ,
               and
               many
               that
               are
               brought
               over-land
               out
               of
               remote
               Countries
               ;
               and
               here
               our
               Merchants
               have
               frequently
               settled
               a
               Factory
               ,
               the
               people
               being
               generally
               fair
               dealers
               ,
               and
               wonderfully
               obliging
               to
               strangers
               ;
               so
               that
               the
               Custom
               of
               this
               place
               is
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               Dukes
               Revenues
               ,
               being
               very
               considerable
               ▪
            
             
               As
               for
               this
               City
               it
               is
               seated
               in
               a
               fruitful
               Plain
               ,
               with
               commodious
               Avenews
               ,
               being
               somewhat
               long
               in
               form
               from
               North
               to
               South
               ,
               and
               is
               defended
               with
               two
               Towers
               that
               stand
               inward
               to
               the
               Sea
               ,
               for
               the
               guard
               of
               the
               Haven
               ,
               that
               for
               great
               Ships
               lying
               farther
               into
               the
               Sea
               ,
               than
               that
               for
               Gallies
               and
               lesser
               Vessels
               ,
               which
               is
               sheltered
               by
               a
               Wall
               drawn
               almost
               
               round
               it
               ;
               and
               here
               it
               is
               the
               English
               Merchants
               trading
               to
               Italy
               have
               their
               Lading
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               Dukedom
               of
               Milain
               Described
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               THE
               Dutchy
               of
               Milaine
               ,
               is
               very
               pleasantly
               seated
               ,
               in
               the
               Country
               of
               Lumbardy
               ,
               amongst
               fruitful
               Plains
               ,
               and
               little
               rising
               Hills
               ;
               and
               held
               the
               most
               desirable
               Place
               of
               these
               Countrys
               .
            
             
               It
               s
               chief
               City
               is
               Milain
               ,
               Anciently
               Mediolanum
               ,
               which
               though
               so
               often
               ruined
               ,
               as
               having
               been
               taken
               no
               less
               than
               Twenty
               times
               ,
               and
               besiged
               Forty
               ,
               has
               still
               rise
               out
               of
               its
               Ashes
               ,
               more
               fair
               and
               splendid
               than
               at
               first
               ,
               being
               now
               accounted
               the
               greatest
               City
               of
               Lombardy
               ;
               seated
               in
               a
               large
               Plain
               ,
               and
               incompassed
               with
               Rivers
               ,
               strongly
               guarded
               with
               a
               spacious
               and
               well
               fortified
               Castle
               ,
               and
               other
               extraordinary
               Fortifications
               .
               As
               for
               the
               Building
               ,
               it
               is
               very
               stately
               and
               magnificent
               ;
               but
               the
               most
               remarkable
               are
               Castles
               or
               Cittadels
               ,
               the
               Hospital
               or
               Lazarette
               ;
               the
               Cathedral
               or
               Dome
               :
               besides
               there
               are
               36
               Monastries
               ,
               30
               Convents
               of
               Fryers
               of
               sundry
               Orders
               ,
               96
               Parochial
               ,
               and
               11
               Collegate
               Churches
               ,
               mos●
               of
               which
               are
               beautified
               and
               adorned
               with
               Images
               ▪
               Paintings
               ,
               Sculptures
               ;
               there
               is
               moreover
               ,
               a
               Cabinet
               of
               exceeding
               Rarieties
               ,
               not
               to
               be
               paralelled
               ,
               as
               report
               goes
               ,
               in
               any
               place
               .
               The
               City
               in
               circuit
               is
               accounted
               Ten
               miles
               ,
               very
               populous
               ,
               imagined
               to
               contain
               300000
               Souls
               ;
               the
               Inhabitants
               mostly
               Rich
               ,
               as
               very
               much
               Trading
               in
               Merchandice
               ,
               especially
               Silks
               ,
               Gloves
               ,
               Ribbons
               ,
               &c.
               from
               whence
               our
               Millinary
               Ware-men
               derive
               the
               Denomination
               of
               their
               Trade
               ;
               The
               City
               being
               much
               Traded
               to
               from
               
                 France
                 ,
                 Spain
              
               ,
               and
               all
               parts
               of
               Italy
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               other
               places
               of
               note
               in
               this
               Jurisdiction
               ,
               they
               are
               principally
               
                 Pavia
                 ,
                 Papia
              
               ,
               made
               a
               University
               by
               Charles
               the
               IV.
               guarded
               by
               a
               strong
               Castle
               ,
               and
               has
               in
               it
               a
               fair
               Cathedral
               Church
               ,
               supposed
               the
               
               richest
               of
               Revenue
               in
               Italy
               ,
               viz.
               300000
               Crowns
               
                 per.
                 Ann.
              
               And
               near
               this
               place
               ,
               King
               Francis
               the
               first
               of
               France
               ,
               was
               overthrown
               in
               a
               great
               Battle
               ,
               and
               taken
               Prisoner
               by
               Lanoy
               the
               Duke
               of
               Burbone
               and
               others
               ,
               commanding
               for
               Charles
               the
               V.
               Alexandria
               or
               Alessandris
               ,
               the
               strongest
               work
               in
               the
               whole
               Dutchey
               ;
               Cremona
               seated
               on
               the
               Banks
               of
               the
               River
               Poe
               ,
               accommodated
               with
               a
               good
               Trade
               ,
               stately
               muildings
               ,
               large
               Streets
               ,
               and
               pleasant
               Gardens
               ,
               noted
               for
               its
               Tower
               and
               Cathedral
               Church
               .
               And
               here
               it
               was
               that
               Vitellus
               his
               Souldiers
               were
               defeated
               by
               those
               of
               Vespatian
               ,
               and
               the
               Town
               fired
               by
               them
               .
            
             
               The
               Lakes
               found
               here
               are
               
                 Lago
                 ,
                 Magiore
              
               ,
               in
               length
               56
               miles
               ,
               and
               6
               in
               breadth
               ,
               having
               in
               it
               2
               Islands
               ,
               called
               the
               Boremeans
               ,
               fruitful
               and
               pleasant
               ,
               even
               to
               a
               wonder
               ,
               
                 Lago
                 Delcoma
              
               and
               
                 Lugani
                 Lacus
              
               ,
               and
               the
               Rivers
               are
               
                 Olgio
                 Adde
                 Lambro
                 ,
                 Tesine
              
               ,
               &c.
               
               As
               for
               the
               Hills
               they
               are
               of
               no
               remark
               .
            
             
               The
               Ancient
               Inhabitants
               of
               this
               Country
               were
               the
               Insubres
               ,
               Conquered
               by
               the
               Romans
               ,
               then
               by
               the
               Gauls
               ,
               and
               next
               by
               the
               Lombards
               ,
               but
               now
               the
               Country
               is
               under
               the
               protection
               of
               the
               King
               of
               Spain
               ,
               who
               appoints
               a
               Governour
               to
               reside
               in
               Millain
               ,
               where
               St.
               Ambrose
               once
               was
               Bishop
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               Dutchy
               of
               Modena
               described
               .
            
             
               THIS
               Part
               ,
               or
               Province
               of
               Italy
               ,
               contains
               the
               City
               of
               Modena
               ,
               and
               Reggio
               ,
               with
               the
               adjoyning
               Territories
               :
               As
               for
               the
               Capital
               City
               of
               Modena
               ,
               it
               was
               known
               ,
               and
               is
               so
               still
               in
               Roman
               History
               ,
               by
               the
               Name
               of
               Mutina
               ,
               famous
               for
               the
               first
               bloody
               battle
               between
               
                 Marcus
                 Antonius
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Augustus
                 Caesar
              
               ;
               and
               is
               at
               this
               day
               the
               Residence
               of
               the
               Duke
               ,
               whose
               Pallace
               ,
               though
               not
               appearing
               very
               large
               outwardly
               ,
               is
               nevertheless
               very
               Famous
               and
               Magnificent
               ,
               by
               the
               rich
               Adornments
               within
               ;
               his
               Cabin
               or
               Museum
               being
               
               furnished
               with
               the
               choice
               of
               Natural
               Rarities
               ,
               as
               Jewels
               ,
               &c.
               to
               an
               extraordinary
               Value
               :
               And
               here
               Otho
               the
               Emperor
               slew
               himself
               ,
               upon
               his
               Army
               being
               defeated
               by
               Vitellus
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               Country
               ,
               though
               it
               is
               not
               large
               ,
               it
               nevertheless
               is
               very
               fruitful
               ,
               and
               abounds
               with
               great
               store
               of
               curious
               Fruits
               ,
               Corn
               ,
               Cattle
               ,
               and
               other
               things
               fit
               mans
               for
               Subsistance
               ,
               watered
               with
               many
               small
               Streams
               ,
               and
               mostly
               plain
               ,
               but
               that
               which
               renders
               it
               more
               Famous
               ,
               is
               its
               being
               the
               Native
               Country
               of
               our
               present
               Queen
               Mary
               ,
               Consort
               to
               his
               Most
               Sacred
               Majesty
               ,
               King
               James
               the
               Second
               .
            
             
               The
               People
               of
               this
               Dukedom
               are
               said
               to
               be
               better
               natur'd
               than
               most
               of
               Italy
               ;
               quick
               in
               their
               Resolution
               ,
               easie
               to
               be
               pacified
               when
               wronged
               ,
               and
               Friendly
               in
               their
               Entertainment
               of
               Strangers
               .
            
          
           
             
               A
               Description
               of
               the
               Dukedom
               or
               Principality
               of
               Parma
               .
            
             
               THIS
               Country
               hath
               on
               the
               North
               Mantua
               on
               the
               South
               the
               
                 Appennine
                 Hills
              
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               Milan
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               East
               the
               Country
               of
               Modena
               .
               The
               chief
               City
               is
               Parma
               ,
               seated
               on
               the
               River
               Pirma
               ,
               in
               a
               Fruitful
               Plain
               ,
               being
               about
               4
               miles
               in
               compass
               ;
               adorned
               with
               many
               Rich
               and
               Stately
               Structures
               ,
               well
               Peopled
               ,
               and
               much
               frequented
               by
               Gentry
               ,
               greatly
               Addicted
               to
               Learning
               ,
               Arts
               and
               Arms
               ;
               the
               adjoyning
               Plains
               produce
               excellent
               Pasturage
               ,
               which
               feed
               abundance
               of
               Sheep
               ,
               of
               whose
               Milk
               is
               made
               the
               Parmasan
               Cheese
               ,
               so
               much
               in
               esteem
               in
               all
               Countries
               ;
               and
               here
               the
               Duke's
               Pallace
               is
               seated
               ,
               where
               he
               holds
               a
               Court
               in
               great
               State
               :
               as
               for
               the
               Churches
               they
               are
               beautified
               ,
               and
               rarely
               imbellished
               with
               Pictures
               and
               Images
               .
            
             
               Piacenza
               or
               Placentia
               is
               the
               second
               City
               ,
               famous
               for
               the
               Resistance
               it
               made
               against
               Hannibal
               ,
               and
               h●s
               
               Brother
               Asdrubal
               ,
               upon
               their
               cutting
               their
               way
               through
               the
               Alps
               ,
               and
               Invading
               Italy
               ;
               and
               now
               as
               much
               esteemed
               for
               the
               Fairs
               and
               Marts
               kept
               here
               ,
               to
               which
               the
               Merchants
               and
               others
               resort
               from
               the
               Neighbouring
               Country
               to
               make
               their
               Exchanges
               :
               The
               Principal
               River
               is
               Trebia
               ,
               where
               the
               Romans
               in
               a
               Fatal
               Battle
               were
               overthrown
               by
               the
               Carthagenians
               ,
               and
               40000
               of
               them
               computed
               to
               be
               slain
               ;
               and
               near
               to
               Placentia
               are
               many
               Salt-pits
               and
               Mines
               of
               Iron
               .
            
          
           
             
               A
               description
               of
               the
               Dukedom
               of
               Mantoua
               .
            
             
               THE
               Dukedom
               of
               Mantoua
               is
               a
               very
               fair
               Country
               ,
               very
               plentiful
               in
               Corn
               ,
               Wine
               ,
               Cattle
               ,
               and
               rich
               Pastures
               ,
               and
               Fruits
               of
               sundry
               Kinds
               :
               As
               for
               the
               chief
               City
               that
               gives
               it
               the
               Name
               ,
               it
               is
               Seated
               in
               a
               Lake
               of
               20
               Miles
               compass
               ,
               by
               Nature
               very
               strong
               and
               fencible
               ,
               there
               being
               no
               Land
               access
               to
               it
               but
               by
               Cause-ways
               ,
               and
               in
               it
               stands
               the
               Dukes
               Pallace
               ,
               very
               fair
               and
               stately
               ,
               though
               he
               has
               another
               Pallace
               for
               Pleasure
               and
               Delight
               exceeding
               this
               ,
               at
               Marmirolla
               ,
               five
               Miles
               from
               this
               City
               ;
               As
               for
               Mantoua
               it
               is
               in
               a
               manner
               round
               ,
               save
               that
               the
               Lake
               on
               the
               North-East
               sides
               ,
               enters
               it
               like
               a
               half
               Moon
               :
               The
               Buildings
               are
               partly
               of
               Brick
               ,
               and
               partly
               of
               Free
               Stone
               ,
               and
               the
               Streets
               large
               and
               clean
               :
               In
               the
               midst
               is
               a
               large
               Market-place
               ,
               where
               all
               manner
               of
               Strangers
               are
               admitted
               to
               vend
               their
               Ware
               ,
               though
               the
               greatest
               Traffick
               is
               in
               the
               hands
               of
               the
               Jews
               ,
               who
               grow
               Rich
               by
               the
               Impoverishment
               of
               the
               Citizens
               ,
               and
               is
               in
               compass
               4
               Miles
               ,
               having
               8
               Gates
               ,
               and
               strengthened
               by
               a
               good
               Wall.
               This
               City
               is
               of
               antient
               standing
               ,
               and
               contains
               about
               50000
               People
               ,
               and
               has
               often
               been
               brought
               into
               Distress
               by
               the
               Germans
               ,
               especially
               in
               the
               Year
               1619
               ▪
               and
               1630.
               
               As
               for
               the
               Dukes
               Revenue
               ,
               it
               is
               counted
               
               400000
               Crowns
               
                 per
                 Annum
              
               ,
               though
               many
               will
               not
               credit
               it
               ,
               seeing
               some
               few
               Years
               since
               ,
               he
               made
               over
               part
               of
               his
               Dutchy
               to
               the
               French
               King
               ▪
               for
               a
               considerable
               Sum
               of
               Money
               ;
               and
               here
               it
               is
               held
               unlawful
               to
               wear
               a
               Sword
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               Weapon
               without
               Lisence
               ;
               and
               in
               this
               City
               the
               Famous
               Virgil
               had
               his
               Birth
               ,
               as
               by
               his
               Ecclogus
               appears
               ,
               &c.
               and
               to
               this
               Dukedom
               partly
               appertains
               the
               Dukedom
               of
               Montferrat
               ,
               in
               the
               South-East
               of
               Piemont
               ,
               and
               other
               Territories
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               Dukedom
               of
               Urbin
               described
               :
            
             
               THE
               Dukedom
               of
               Vrbin
               may
               be
               said
               to
               lie
               within
               the
               Territories
               of
               the
               Church
               ,
               bounded
               on
               the
               North
               with
               the
               Adriatick
               ,
               on
               the
               South
               with
               the
               Apennine
               Hills
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               Romagna
               ,
               or
               Roma-di-ola
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               East
               with
               
                 Marca
                 Aconitania
              
               ,
               being
               in
               length
               Sixty
               ,
               and
               in
               breadth
               Thirty
               five
               Miles
               ,
               and
               is
               accounted
               to
               contain
               Two
               hundred
               Castles
               ,
               and
               Seven
               Principal
               Towns
               ,
               the
               chief
               is
               Vrbin
               seated
               at
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Apennine
               Hills
               ,
               and
               built
               in
               the
               fashion
               of
               a
               Miter
               .
               The
               next
               to
               it
               Pisauro
               ,
               containing
               an
               excellent
               Haven
               ,
               for
               the
               Reception
               of
               considerable
               Vesels
               ;
               and
               a
               Third
               is
               Belforto
               ,
               more
               inward
               ,
               and
               supposed
               to
               be
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Country
               :
               The
               chief
               of
               the
               Castles
               are
               ,
               the
               Rocks
               of
               St.
               Leo
               ,
               and
               Marivolo
               ;
               and
               at
               
                 Vrbin
                 ,
                 Polidorus
                 Virgil
              
               was
               born
               ,
               who
               being
               a
               Collector
               of
               Peter
               Pence
               in
               England
               for
               the
               Pope
               ,
               wrote
               a
               History
               of
               the
               many
               remarkable
               Transactions
               of
               our
               Country
               ,
               and
               is
               quoted
               by
               most
               of
               our
               modern
               Historians
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               Estate
               or
               Common
               Wealth
               of
               Genoa
               Described
               .
            
             
               THE
               Estate
               of
               Genoa
               ,
               formerly
               contained
               a
               large
               part
               of
               Italy
               ,
               and
               were
               accounted
               the
               most
               expert
               in
               Navigation
               of
               all
               Europe
               ,
               but
               of
               late
               ,
               through
               the
               many
               Wars
               they
               have
               maintained
               against
               the
               Venetians
               ,
               and
               other
               neighbouring
               Princes
               ,
               their
               own
               Intestine
               Broils
               ,
               and
               their
               neglect
               of
               Navigation
               and
               Traffick
               ,
               they
               are
               greatly
               reduced
               ,
               holding
               little
               more
               than
               Liguria
               and
               Corsica
               :
               The
               first
               of
               these
               has
               on
               the
               East
               the
               River
               Varus
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               parted
               from
               Tuscany
               by
               the
               Magura
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               the
               Apennine
               Hills
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               South
               the
               Ligurian
               or
               Tyrrenian
               Seas
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               City
               of
               Genoa
               ,
               it
               is
               seated
               on
               the
               sides
               of
               small
               rising
               Hills
               ,
               tho'
               behind
               it
               are
               those
               of
               greater
               height
               ,
               lying
               open
               on
               the
               South
               side
               to
               the
               Sea
               ,
               where
               it
               has
               a
               goodly
               Haven
               ,
               in
               the
               form
               of
               a
               Cresant
               or
               half
               Moon
               ,
               upon
               the
               Horn
               whereof
               ,
               towards
               the
               East
               ,
               is
               the
               Sea
               Bank
               Lamola
               ,
               about
               600
               paces
               in
               length
               ,
               keeping
               off
               the
               Waves
               that
               beat
               upon
               the
               City
               on
               the
               East
               side
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               this
               Bank
               is
               a
               Fort
               built
               to
               defend
               the
               Navy
               that
               may
               Anchor
               there
               ,
               so
               that
               the
               circuit
               of
               this
               City
               is
               accounted
               Eight
               miles
               ,
               and
               though
               the
               Streets
               are
               narrow
               ,
               yet
               the
               Palaces
               of
               the
               Dey
               ,
               and
               Houses
               of
               the
               Senators
               ,
               are
               very
               stately
               ;
               nor
               are
               their
               Walls
               less
               strengthned
               with
               Bull-warks
               ,
               and
               other
               Fortifications
               .
               The
               Houses
               in
               the
               High-streets
               are
               Four
               Stories
               ,
               and
               many
               Five
               ,
               the
               Windows
               being
               Glazed
               ,
               which
               is
               not
               usual
               in
               Italy
               ,
               many
               of
               them
               built
               of
               Marble
               ,
               but
               all
               of
               Freestone
               :
               The
               Streets
               paved
               with
               Flint
               ,
               and
               the
               Suburbs
               full
               of
               Gardens
               and
               Houses
               of
               the
               Nobility
               and
               Gentry
               .
               As
               for
               the
               People
               ,
               they
               are
               Masters
               of
               other
               Cities
               ,
               as
               
                 Noli
                 ,
                 
                 Sarazena
              
               ,
               and
               Savon
               ,
               being
               noble
               minded
               and
               generous
               in
               all
               their
               Actions
               ,
               formerly
               much
               inclined
               to
               War
               and
               search
               of
               Adventures
               ;
               insomuch
               that
               they
               assisted
               ,
               with
               a
               great
               Fleet
               in
               the
               Holy
               War
               ,
               and
               taking
               of
               Jerusalem
               by
               the
               Christian
               Army
               ,
               and
               aided
               Phillip
               the
               French
               King
               with
               10000
               Men
               ,
               against
               Edward
               the
               Third
               of
               England
               ,
               where
               in
               one
               Battle
               they
               were
               most
               of
               them
               slain
               .
               They
               Aided
               likewise
               the
               Spaniards
               in
               1588
               to
               Invade
               England
               ,
               with
               several
               great
               Carracts
               and
               Galleys
               ;
               which
               were
               either
               lost
               upon
               the
               Coast
               ,
               or
               cast
               away
               in
               their
               Flight
               homeward
               ,
               which
               loss
               they
               have
               never
               since
               fully
               recovered
               ;
               yet
               they
               lately
               made
               a
               stout
               Defence
               against
               the
               Naval
               Power
               of
               France
               ,
               which
               could
               effect
               no
               more
               ,
               than
               beating
               down
               some
               part
               of
               their
               City
               ,
               by
               Bombing
               it
               at
               a
               distance
               ,
               as
               being
               well
               assured
               they
               had
               no
               Fleet
               capable
               of
               Engaging
               .
            
             
               The
               Country
               abounds
               in
               all
               the
               Plenties
               of
               Italy
               ,
               and
               here
               only
               the
               Women
               have
               the
               greatest
               Freedom
               ,
               without
               the
               Jelosie
               or
               Suspition
               of
               their
               Husbands
               of
               any
               Italians
               ;
               and
               as
               a
               further
               Honour
               to
               this
               place
               ,
               it
               gave
               Birth
               to
               
                 Christopher
                 Columbus
              
               ,
               the
               first
               Discoverer
               of
               the
               New
               World
               or
               Country
               of
               America
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               State
               of
               Lucca
               Described
               .
            
             
               THe
               State
               of
               Lucca
               is
               held
               to
               be
               scituate
               within
               the
               Dukedom
               of
               Tuscany
               or
               Florence
               ,
               comprehending
               the
               Town
               and
               Terretory
               of
               Lucca
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               Lucca
               ,
               it
               is
               seated
               in
               a
               fruitful
               Plain
               ,
               strongly
               fortified
               with
               a
               good
               Wall
               ,
               and
               incompassed
               with
               pleasant
               Trees
               ,
               so
               that
               at
               a
               distance
               it
               seems
               to
               stand
               in
               a
               Wood
               ,
               and
               the
               Plain
               wherein
               it
               is
               seated
               ,
               is
               invironed
               with
               Mountains
               or
               large
               Hills
               ,
               except
               towards
               Pistola
               ,
               where
               it
               opens
               to
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               is
               three
               miles
               in
               compass
               ;
               as
               for
               the
               Streets
               ,
               
               they
               are
               narrow
               and
               paved
               with
               broad
               Freestone
               ,
               and
               in
               it
               are
               many
               Palaces
               ,
               and
               Merchants
               Houses
               ,
               curious
               built
               of
               Free-stone
               ,
               according
               to
               other
               Building
               in
               Italy
               ,
               and
               was
               formerly
               a
               place
               of
               great
               Trade
               for
               Silks
               ,
               Stuffs
               ,
               Carpets
               ,
               Cloth
               of
               Gold
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               ;
               there
               being
               a
               great
               concourse
               of
               Merchants
               ,
               call'd
               Luccois
               Merchants
               ,
               that
               were
               wont
               to
               meet
               there
               at
               several
               Fairs
               or
               Marts
               ,
               held
               for
               that
               purpose
               ,
               but
               of
               late
               the
               Trade
               is
               declined
               :
               however
               the
               Inhabitants
               inrich
               themselves
               by
               their
               Manufacture
               ,
               which
               they
               send
               to
               other
               places
               of
               greater
               Trade
               .
               And
               here
               there
               is
               a
               strict
               Law
               ,
               that
               no
               Person
               shall
               wear
               any
               Weapon
               ,
               no
               not
               a
               Knife
               ,
               unless
               it
               be
               blunted
               ;
               the
               People
               being
               generally
               very
               courteous
               to
               Strangers
               .
               And
               thus
               much
               for
               what
               may
               be
               properly
               call'd
               Italy
               ,
               which
               taken
               in
               general
               ,
               is
               one
               of
               the
               most
               fruitful
               and
               pleasant
               Countrys
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               of
               which
               Europe
               being
               call'd
               the
               Head
               ,
               this
               is
               accounted
               the
               Face
               .
               But
               for
               brevity
               sake
               I
               must
               desist
               any
               further
               Comment
               ,
               and
               proceed
               to
               other
               parts
               adjoyning
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               Dukedom
               of
               Lorrain
               Described
               .
            
             
               THIS
               Country
               is
               Invironed
               with
               a
               part
               of
               
                 Belgium
                 ,
                 Alsatia
              
               ,
               the
               Country
               of
               Burgundy
               and
               Campaign
               ,
               and
               is
               about
               180
               Miles
               in
               compass
               ,
               exceeding
               Fruitful
               in
               Corn
               ,
               Wine
               ,
               store
               of
               Cattle
               ,
               but
               especially
               Horses
               of
               an
               Excellent
               Breed
               ;
               the
               Rivers
               and
               Lakes
               abounding
               with
               Fish
               ,
               and
               the
               Soil
               with
               rich
               Mines
               :
               The
               chief
               Town
               is
               Nancy
               ,
               seated
               upon
               the
               River
               Meuse
               ,
               and
               in
               it
               the
               Ducal
               Pallace
               ,
               much
               resorted
               to
               for
               Wines
               ,
               Brandies
               ,
               and
               other
               Commodities
               ;
               the
               Buildings
               are
               very
               stately
               and
               commodious
               ,
               most
               of
               them
               of
               Stone
               ,
               and
               well
               fortified
               with
               a
               Wall
               of
               great
               Strength
               :
               The
               next
               to
               this
               are
               St.
               Nicholas
               ,
               and
               
               Vancoleus
               very
               strong
               and
               well
               Garisoned
               by
               the
               French
               into
               whose
               hands
               the
               Country
               fell
               ,
               in
               the
               Reign
               of
               King
               Lewis
               the
               13.
               though
               the
               present
               Duke
               of
               Lorain
               now
               warring
               in
               Hungary
               ,
               is
               on
               all
               hands
               concluded
               to
               be
               the
               rightful
               Prince
               .
               As
               for
               the
               manners
               and
               Customs
               of
               the
               people
               they
               are
               a
               mixture
               of
               Germany
               and
               France
               ,
               as
               being
               seated
               between
               those
               Countries
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
               The
               Dukedom
               of
               Savoy
               ,
               and
               Country
               of
               Peimont
               Described
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               AS
               for
               Savoy
               ,
               it
               is
               a
               very
               Mountainous
               Country
               bounded
               by
               the
               
                 Dauphenet
                 ,
                 Bress
                 ,
                 Switzerland
                 ,
                 Peimont
              
               and
               the
               Alps
               ;
               the
               Antient
               Inhabitants
               were
               the
               Allobroges
               ,
               who
               submitted
               to
               Hanibal
               ,
               when
               he
               entered
               Italy
               with
               his
               Carthagenians
               to
               War
               against
               the
               Romans
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               Bruncius
               and
               his
               Brother
               being
               at
               variance
               about
               the
               Succession
               to
               the
               Kingdom
               ,
               he
               reconciled
               them
               ;
               afterward
               it
               was
               made
               a
               Roman
               Province
               ,
               and
               was
               called
               from
               one
               of
               the
               Kings
               that
               then
               Reigned
               being
               a
               Favorite
               to
               
                 Augustus
                 Caesar
                 ,
                 Alpes
                 Coctiae
              
               ;
               but
               in
               the
               declining
               of
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               ,
               it
               became
               a
               part
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Burgundy
               ,
               and
               passed
               with
               other
               rights
               of
               the
               Empire
               to
               Germany
               ;
               but
               now
               is
               independent
               under
               a
               Duke
               ,
               who
               is
               soveraign
               Lord
               of
               the
               Country
               .
            
             
               The
               Chief
               Towns
               of
               Savoy
               are
               Chambiers
               ,
               Scituate
               in
               a
               pleasant
               Valley
               amongst
               Mountains
               ,
               and
               is
               graced
               with
               a
               Ducal
               Pallace
               and
               many
               stately
               buildings
               of
               the
               Nobles
               ,
               who
               are
               for
               the
               most
               part
               very
               Gentile
               ,
               Active
               and
               Airy
               ,
               though
               the
               Country
               people
               on
               the
               contrary
               are
               very
               Imbicil
               and
               Slugish
               .
               Tarantaise
               ,
               an
               Arch-Episcopal
               See
               ,
               Scituate
               amongst
               Mountains
               as
               the
               former
               ,
               full
               of
               pleasant
               buildings
               :
               
               
                 Aquabelle
                 ,
                 Mauridune
              
               another
               Arch-Episcopal
               See.
               
            
             
               Under
               the
               power
               and
               Jursdiction
               of
               the
               Savonian
               D●ke
               ,
               it
               is
               Peimont
               unless
               a
               small
               part
               of
               it
               claimed
               by
               the
               Duke
               of
               Mantoua
               ,
               seated
               at
               the
               Foot
               of
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               and
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Milain
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               Savoy
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Switzer-land
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               South
               with
               the
               Mediterranean
               ,
               being
               more
               fertile
               than
               the
               other
               ;
               containing
               52
               Earldoms
               ,
               and
               15
               Marquesats
               ,
               besides
               Barronies
               and
               Lordships
               ;
               and
               here
               dwell
               the
               progeny
               of
               the
               Albigenses
               ,
               who
               about
               the
               year
               1100
               stood
               ,
               for
               the
               Liberty
               and
               Doctrine
               of
               the
               Church
               of
               their
               Predecessors
               and
               about
               the
               year
               1250
               ,
               were
               near
               all
               destroyed
               and
               ruined
               by
               the
               Popes
               and
               French
               Kings
               ;
               when
               the
               remainder
               prefering
               their
               Concience
               before
               their
               Country
               ,
               retired
               up
               into
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               and
               by
               their
               Industry
               and
               Indefatigable
               Husbandry
               ,
               made
               the
               very
               Rocks
               bring
               forth
               Grass
               and
               Herbage
               for
               themselves
               and
               their
               Cattle
               ,
               &c.
               and
               here
               they
               worshiped
               God
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Worship
               of
               rhe
               reformed
               Churches
               ;
               greatly
               increasing
               in
               number
               ,
               as
               being
               followed
               with
               blessings
               ,
               untill
               the
               latter
               end
               of
               the
               Reign
               of
               Francis
               the
               first
               ,
               at
               what
               time
               happened
               the
               Massacre
               of
               Merinianum
               ,
               or
               
                 Mariguan
                 Gallis
              
               and
               Chabriers
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               year
               1662
               and
               1663
               ,
               they
               were
               again
               persecuted
               by
               the
               Savoiard
               ,
               and
               since
               that
               in
               the
               year
               1684
               we
               had
               a
               Mellancholy
               account
               of
               their
               treatment
               :
               and
               although
               there
               are
               many
               good
               Towns
               under
               the
               Government
               of
               Savoy
               ;
               yet
               the
               Duke
               chiefly
               resides
               at
               the
               City
               Turin
               Scituate
               on
               the
               River
               Po
               and
               is
               the
               seat
               of
               an
               Arch-Bishop
               and
               a
               University
               ,
               where
               Erasmus
               took
               his
               degree
               ,
               and
               for
               Scituation
               is
               accounted
               one
               of
               the
               plesantest
               in
               Europe
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               Seignory
               of
               Geneva
               ,
               and
               the
               Alps
               Described
               .
            
             
               GENEVA
               is
               within
               the
               Limits
               of
               the
               Dukedom
               of
               Savoy
               ,
               the
               whole
               Seignory
               not
               exceeding
               Eight
               Leagues
               in
               compass
               ,
               Scituate
               on
               the
               Lake
               Lemanus
               ,
               and
               devided
               into
               two
               parts
               by
               the
               River
               Rosne
               .
               The
               City
               strongly
               walled
               and
               fortified
               ,
               as
               being
               the
               head
               of
               a
               Free
               state
               ;
               containing
               a
               flourishing
               University
               ,
               Governed
               by
               a
               Common
               Council
               ,
               or
               200
               of
               the
               chief
               Burghers
               ,
               four
               of
               which
               are
               called
               Sindiques
               :
               As
               for
               the
               Church
               Government
               it
               is
               composed
               of
               Lay-men
               ,
               Elders
               ,
               and
               Ministers
               founded
               by
               
                 John
                 Calvin
                 1541.
              
               and
               although
               this
               City
               has
               been
               beseiged
               by
               the
               Duke
               of
               Savoy
               ,
               and
               others
               who
               have
               undertaken
               to
               reduce
               it
               ,
               yet
               it
               has
               manfully
               defended
               it self
               against
               all
               Invasions
               ;
               and
               as
               for
               the
               revenue
               it
               is
               reckoned
               60000
               Crowns
               
                 per
                 annum
              
               .
               The
               building
               is
               generally
               of
               Free-stone
               ,
               and
               the
               North
               side
               of
               the
               City
               lies
               close
               to
               the
               South
               side
               of
               the
               Lake
               ,
               where
               is
               a
               little
               Haven
               for
               Gallies
               ,
               built
               to
               keep
               free
               passage
               on
               the
               Lake
               ,
               defended
               by
               a
               strong
               Fort
               ;
               a
               River
               Issuing
               from
               the
               Lake
               runs
               through
               the
               lower
               part
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               is
               passed
               by
               two
               commodious
               Bridges
               .
               And
               although
               it
               is
               a
               Receptacle
               for
               all
               manner
               of
               Religions
               ,
               and
               people
               that
               fly
               from
               Persecution
               ,
               yet
               such
               is
               the
               Law
               ,
               that
               even
               a
               Malefactor
               is
               Condemned
               there
               for
               a
               Crime
               committed
               in
               his
               own
               Country
               ,
               if
               proved
               against
               him
               ,
               and
               Adultry
               punishable
               with
               death
               ;
               Fornication
               the
               first
               time
               with
               9
               days
               fasting
               or
               living
               with
               Bread
               and
               Water
               in
               Prison
               ;
               the
               second
               time
               with
               Whipping
               ,
               and
               the
               third
               with
               banishment
               ;
               notwithstanding
               which
               and
               although
               the
               Women
               be
               more
               reserved
               here
               than
               in
               
               any
               other
               place
               ,
               those
               Affairs
               go
               forward
               in
               private
               .
            
             
               This
               Signory
               abounds
               with
               all
               manner
               of
               Fruits
               ,
               great
               store
               of
               Fish
               ;
               and
               is
               much
               Traded
               to
               especially
               by
               the
               Italian
               Merchants
               for
               Velvets
               ,
               Taffatas
               ,
               Musquet
               Barrels
               ,
               and
               Calevers
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               Alps
               are
               the
               greatest
               Ridge
               of
               Mountains
               in
               Europe
               ,
               parting
               
                 Germany
                 ,
                 France
              
               ,
               and
               Italy
               ,
               and
               in
               some
               places
               require
               five
               days
               to
               ascend
               them
               .
               There
               being
               five
               passages
               through
               them
               into
               Italy
               ,
               viz.
               3
               out
               of
               France
               and
               2
               out
               of
               Germany
               .
               The
               1
               from
               France
               is
               through
               Provence
               ,
               close
               upon
               the
               Tyrrenian
               Seas
               ,
               through
               Liguria
               ,
               being
               the
               Easiest
               ;
               the
               2
               through
               the
               Hill
               Geneara
               ,
               into
               the
               Marquesat
               of
               Zaluzzes
               ,
               and
               so
               into
               Lumbardy
               :
               The
               third
               is
               over
               the
               Mount
               Cenis
               ,
               and
               through
               the
               Country
               of
               Turin
               .
               As
               sor
               those
               out
               of
               Germany
               ,
               the
               first
               is
               through
               the
               Country
               of
               the
               Grissons
               ,
               by
               the
               Province
               of
               Valtoline
               ;
               the
               last
               through
               the
               County
               of
               Tirol
               ,
               near
               to
               the
               Towns
               of
               Juspurk
               and
               Trent
               ;
               and
               as
               for
               these
               Mountains
               ,
               they
               are
               in
               many
               parts
               very
               fruitful
               ;
               divers
               Villages
               and
               Towns
               ,
               being
               Scituate
               on
               them
               ,
               though
               mostly
               barren
               ,
               and
               in
               many
               places
               the
               Snow
               and
               Frost
               continues
               all
               the
               year
               ,
               without
               the
               Suns
               having
               power
               to
               dissolve
               it
               ,
               by
               reason
               the
               assent
               is
               so
               near
               the
               cold
               Region
               ;
               and
               through
               part
               of
               them
               Hanibal
               cut
               ,
               dissolving
               ,
               or
               loosening
               the
               Rocks
               with
               Fire
               and
               Vinegar
               ,
               when
               he
               broke
               unexpectedly
               into
               Italy
               and
               defeated
               the
               Roman
               Army
               ;
               and
               indeed
               in
               some
               places
               they
               are
               dreadfull
               even
               to
               look
               on
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               Description
               of
               the
               County
               of
               Roussillon
               and
               Catalonia
               .
            
             
               ROussillon
               by
               the
               French
               Included
               between
               the
               branches
               of
               the
               Pyreenean
               Mountains
               if
               we
               begin
               at
               Mount
               Cavo
               ,
               the
               one
               extending
               to
               Colibre
               and
               
                 C.
                 de
                 Creux
              
               a
               Promontary
               ,
               that
               is
               the
               furthest
               point
               East
               of
               Cattalonia
               ;
               as
               for
               the
               other
               it
               passes
               unto
               Salsas
               ,
               and
               as
               for
               the
               places
               of
               note
               ,
               they
               are
               
                 Perpignan
                 ,
                 Pupirianum
              
               ;
               and
               Perpinianum
               built
               out
               of
               the
               ruins
               of
               Ruscinum
               ,
               by
               Guinard
               Earl
               of
               Roussillon
               ,
               Scituate
               upon
               the
               banks
               of
               the
               River
               Thelis
               or
               Thetis
               ,
               in
               a
               pleasant
               fruitful
               plain
               ,
               &c.
               
               A
               rich
               and
               flourishing
               Emporie
               ,
               and
               a
               strong
               hold
               against
               the
               French
               ,
               till
               the
               year
               1644
               ;
               and
               of
               such
               esteem
               was
               this
               little
               Country
               in
               former
               times
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               pawned
               by
               John
               King
               of
               Aragon
               in
               1462
               ,
               to
               Lewis
               the
               11th
               .
               of
               France
               for
               300000
               Crowns
               ,
               and
               restored
               to
               Ferdenand
               the
               Catholick
               ,
               by
               Charles
               the
               Eight
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               not
               be
               diverted
               from
               the
               Conquest
               of
               Naples
               .
               and
               abounds
               with
               plenty
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Catalonia
               or
               as
               the
               French
               call
               it
               .
               Cattalogne
               ,
               joyns
               to
               the
               Country
               of
               Roussillon
               ,
               is
               accounted
               170
               Italian
               Miles
               in
               length
               ,
               and
               in
               breadth
               130
               ,
               and
               held
               to
               contain
               the
               Dukedom
               of
               Cardona
               ,
               3
               Marquesates
               ,
               11
               Earldoms
               ,
               divers
               Barronies
               and
               Lordships
               ,
               and
               45
               Cities
               or
               walled
               Towns
               ,
               and
               600000
               Inhabitants
               ;
               amongst
               which
               (
               in
               the
               time
               of
               Boterius
               )
               were
               10000
               French
               Shepherds
               and
               Husbandmen
               .
               As
               for
               the
               Country
               ,
               some
               Authors
               inform
               us
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               generally
               Hilly
               ,
               and
               full
               of
               Woods
               ,
               yielding
               but
               small
               store
               of
               Corn
               ,
               Wine
               ,
               and
               Fruits
               ;
               though
               others
               speak
               more
               favourably
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               affirm
               it
               affords
               plenty
               of
               Corn
               ,
               Wine
               ,
               and
               Oyl
               ,
               though
               indeed
               it
               is
               mostly
               inriched
               by
               its
               Maritime
               Scituation
               .
            
             
             
               The
               chief
               Town
               is
               Bracelonia
               seated
               upon
               the
               Mediterranian
               Sea
               ,
               between
               the
               Rivers
               Besons
               and
               Rubricat
               or
               Lobrecat
               ,
               and
               is
               a
               rich
               noted
               Port
               much
               Traded
               to
               :
               The
               buildings
               are
               very
               stately
               ,
               and
               contain
               a
               Bishops
               See
               ;
               an
               Academy
               ,
               and
               sundry
               other
               advantages
               of
               Gardens
               and
               pleasant
               places
               that
               render
               it
               delightful
               and
               well
               Inhabited
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             A
             Description
             of
             Belgium
             ,
             or
             the
             Neitherland
             Provinces
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             THE
             Tract
             now
             called
             Belgium
             or
             the
             Neitherlands
             ,
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             
               Westphalia
               ,
               Gulick
               ,
               Cleve
               ,
               Triers
               ,
            
             and
             the
             Provinces
             of
             the
             higher
             Germany
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             with
             the
             main
             Ocean
             ,
             which
             divides
             it
             from
             
               Brittain
               ,
               &c.
            
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             River
             Ems
             ,
             which
             parts
             it
             from
             East
             Friezland
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             South
             with
             Picardy
             and
             Campaign
             ,
             two
             French
             Provinces
             ,
             and
             upon
             the
             South-East
             with
             the
             Dukedom
             of
             Lorain
             ;
             and
             as
             for
             the
             Country
             in
             its
             present
             Estate
             ,
             it
             is
             divided
             into
             17
             Provinces
             ,
             viz.
             The
             Dukedoms
             of
             
               Limburg
               ,
               Luxenburg
               ,
               Gelderland
               ,
               Brabant
               ,
            
             the
             Marquisate
             of
             the
             Holy
             Empire
             ,
             the
             Earldoms
             of
             
               Flanders
               ,
               Artois
               ,
               Hatndult
               ,
               Namurre
               ,
               Zutphan
               ,
               Holland
               ,
               Zealand
               ,
            
             the
             Barronies
             of
             West
             
               Friezland
               ,
               Vtrecht
               ,
               Overysel
               ,
               Machlyn
               ,
            
             and
             Groyning
             ,
             or
             Groningen
             ,
             and
             of
             these
             in
             their
             Order
             .
          
           
             
               Limburg
               .
            
             
               THE
               Dukedom
               of
               Limburg
               is
               pleasantly
               scituate
               ,
               and
               a
               very
               fruitful
               Province
               ,
               having
               the
               Famous
               City
               of
               Mastreich
               ,
               so
               lately
               renowned
               for
               its
               Sieges
               ,
               as
               its
               Capitol
               ,
               though
               
               the
               Bishoprick
               of
               Leige
               is
               its
               appendent
               ,
               in
               which
               is
               the
               City
               of
               Leige
               ,
               the
               Bishop
               Regents
               usual
               Residence
               ,
               the
               See
               at
               present
               vacant
               by
               the
               Death
               of
               the
               late
               Bishop
               ,
               and
               hath
               under
               it
               52
               Barronies
               ,
               and
               in
               it
               a
               University
               ,
               where
               at
               one
               time
               (
               if
               the
               Story
               may
               be
               credited
               )
               Studied
               9
               Sons
               of
               Kings
               ,
               the
               Sons
               of
               24
               Dukes
               ,
               and
               29
               Earls
               ;
               it
               being
               commodiously
               and
               healthfully
               scituate
               on
               the
               River
               Meuse
               ;
               the
               Buildings
               very
               fair
               and
               spacious
               ,
               and
               is
               accommodated
               with
               divers
               Monasteries
               and
               Abbies
               ,
               the
               whole
               Bishoprick
               containing
               24
               walled
               Towns
               ,
               and
               1800
               Villages
               ;
               as
               also
               the
               Eastern
               part
               ,
               properly
               termed
               a
               part
               of
               the
               Dutchy
               of
               Limburg
               ,
               contains
               5
               walled
               Towns
               ,
               and
               23
               Villages
               ,
               where
               Limburg
               (
               that
               gives
               the
               Province
               Name
               )
               is
               pleasantly
               scituate
               on
               the
               River
               Wesa
               or
               Wesel
               ,
               or
               Wesar
               ;
               and
               from
               this
               Fertile
               Country
               ,
               abounding
               with
               whatever
               is
               necessary
               for
               the
               Support
               of
               Humane
               Life
               ,
               is
               found
               that
               Stone
               so
               much
               used
               in
               publick
               ,
               called
               
                 Lapis
                 Calaminaris
              
               .
            
          
           
             
               Luxemburg
               .
            
             
               LVxemburg
               is
               another
               Province
               of
               the
               
                 Low
                 Countries
              
               ,
               having
               Limburg
               for
               its
               boundard
               on
               the
               North
               ,
               Lorain
               on
               the
               South
               ,
               the
               Bishoprick
               of
               Triers
               on
               the
               East
               ,
               and
               the
               River
               Meuse
               on
               the
               West
               ,
               and
               is
               accounted
               in
               circumference
               24●
               Miles
               ,
               containing
               23
               walled
               Towns
               ,
               and
               1169
               Vi●lages
               of
               the
               former
               ,
               of
               which
               Luxemburg
               scitua●●
               on
               the
               River
               
                 Asnaius
                 ,
                 Danvillees
              
               and
               Bostonake
               are
               chief
               :
               The
               upper
               part
               of
               this
               Dukedom
               is
               generally
               Inhabited
               by
               Germans
               ,
               but
               the
               French
               possess
               most
               of
               the
               lower
               part
               ,
               and
               indeed
               they
               speak
               either
               Languages
               in
               most
               of
               the
               Villages
               ,
               and
               in
               manners
               participate
               of
               both
               Nations
               ;
               and
               bordering
               
               upon
               this
               Dukedom
               is
               the
               Famous
               Forrest
               of
               Ardena
               ,
               formerly
               accounted
               the
               greatest
               in
               Europe
               ,
               as
               being
               500
               Miles
               in
               compass
               ,
               consisting
               mostly
               of
               Chest-nut
               Trees
               ,
               but
               now
               burnt
               ,
               and
               otherways
               destroyed
               to
               the
               circumference
               of
               90
               Miles
               ,
               and
               near
               it
               are
               found
               the
               
                 Spaw
                 Baths
              
               ,
               so
               much
               frequented
               by
               divers
               Nations
               for
               the
               restoring
               them
               to
               Health
               ,
               by
               removing
               sundry
               Malladies
               and
               Diseases
               ;
               and
               in
               this
               Region
               are
               held
               to
               be
               7
               Earldoms
               ,
               and
               many
               other
               petty
               Governments
               .
               The
               Soil
               is
               naturally
               Fruitful
               and
               Pleasant
               by
               Scituation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Brabant
               .
            
             
               BRabant
               has
               for
               its
               boundard
               on
               the
               South-East
               and
               North
               ,
               the
               River
               Meuse
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               the
               Schald
               ,
               or
               the
               Sclade
               ;
               in
               length
               it
               is
               accounted
               70
               Miles
               ,
               and
               in
               breadth
               60
               ,
               containing
               26
               walled
               Towns
               ,
               and
               700
               Villages
               ;
               the
               principal
               of
               the
               former
               being
               Lovaine
               ,
               a
               City
               6
               miles
               in
               compass
               ,
               inclosing
               beside
               the
               stately
               Building
               ,
               pleasant
               Hills
               ,
               Valleys
               ,
               Meadows
               ,
               Fragrant
               Gardens
               ,
               and
               is
               a
               noted
               University
               ,
               consisting
               of
               20
               stately
               Colledges
               .
               The
               next
               of
               note
               is
               Bruxelles
               ,
               or
               Brussels
               ,
               the
               usual
               seat
               of
               the
               Governor
               ,
               for
               the
               King
               of
               Spain
               ,
               pleasantly
               seated
               and
               Inviorned
               with
               Gardens
               and
               little
               riseing
               Hills
               ;
               and
               near
               it
               is
               the
               City
               of
               Bergeaupzone
               ,
               a
               garrisoned
               place
               ,
               strongly
               fortified
               ;
               and
               here
               is
               found
               likewise
               ,
               the
               Town
               of
               Breda
               ,
               surprised
               by
               the
               Prince
               of
               Orange
               ,
               and
               taken
               from
               the
               Spaniards
               by
               a
               small
               number
               of
               Gentlemen
               ,
               who
               came
               upon
               it
               in
               the
               night
               time
               ,
               in
               a
               Boat
               covered
               with
               Turfs
               ,
               and
               desperately
               setting
               upon
               the
               Garrison
               possessed
               themselves
               of
               it
               ;
               and
               yet
               more
               famous
               for
               the
               Treaty
               between
               his
               Late
               Majesty
               of
               England
               ,
               and
               his
               Subjects
               ,
               whereupon
               ensued
               his
               happy
               Restauration
               ;
               and
               in
               this
               Province
               is
               contained
               the
               Marquesa●e
               
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               whose
               chief
               Town
               or
               City
               is
               Antwerp
               ,
               7
               Miles
               in
               compass
               ,
               once
               a
               famous
               Empori
               ,
               or
               the
               Scale
               of
               Europe
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               its
               Scituation
               on
               the
               River
               —
               having
               two
               Marts
               yearly
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               more
               safe
               Resort
               of
               Strangers
               ,
               qualified
               with
               extraordinary
               Priviledges
               ,
               and
               here
               the
               Portugals
               exposed
               their
               
                 East
                 India
              
               Goods
               to
               Sale
               ,
               and
               dispersed
               them
               through
               Europe
               ,
               but
               of
               late
               the
               Hollanders
               growing
               powerful
               at
               Sea
               ,
               and
               great
               Traffickers
               ,
               have
               removed
               the
               Scale
               for
               the
               most
               part
               to
               Amsterdam
               .
            
          
           
             
               Flanders
               .
            
             
               THIS
               Province
               which
               amongst
               the
               vulgar
               passes
               current
               for
               the
               10
               ,
               is
               divided
               into
               
                 Galicam
                 ,
                 Imperialem
              
               ,
               and
               Tutonicam
               ,
               the
               latter
               being
               separated
               from
               the
               two
               first
               by
               the
               River
               Ley
               ,
               where
               is
               found
               the
               City
               of
               Gaunt
               ,
               the
               Birth
               Place
               of
               John
               Duke
               of
               Lancaster
               ,
               Son
               to
               Edward
               the
               Third
               of
               England
               ,
               from
               thence
               called
               John
               of
               Gaunt
               ;
               and
               is
               so
               large
               within
               the
               Walls
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               large
               Pastures
               ,
               and
               Corn
               Fields
               ,
               besides
               many
               Gardens
               ,
               and
               other
               pleasant
               places
               ,
               and
               is
               Commodiously
               seated
               upon
               the
               River
               Schald
               ,
               which
               devides
               it
               in
               many
               parts
               ;
               so
               that
               for
               the
               conveniency
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               there
               are
               98
               Bridges
               :
               The
               next
               to
               this
               are
               Brugis
               and
               Ypres
               ,
               walled
               and
               well
               fortified
               ,
               and
               within
               the
               Jurisdiction
               of
               the
               Province
               ,
               are
               the
               famous
               Sea
               Ports
               ,
               or
               Frontier
               Towns
               of
               Dunkirk
               ,
               taken
               from
               the
               Spainards
               by
               the
               Valour
               of
               the
               English
               ,
               and
               since
               delivered
               to
               the
               
                 French
                 :
                 Scluse
              
               ,
               which
               has
               a
               spacious
               Haven
               ,
               capable
               of
               containing
               500
               Sail
               of
               Ships
               ;
               and
               to
               these
               we
               must
               add
               Newport
               and
               Ostend
               .
            
             
               
                 Imperial
                 Flanders
              
               ,
               so
               called
               for
               Distinctions
               sake
               ,
               is
               devided
               from
               Brabant
               ,
               by
               the
               River
               Dender
               ,
               and
               in
               it
               are
               found
               the
               Towns
               of
               Alost
               and
               Dendermond
               ,
               scituate
               very
               pleasantly
               upon
               the
               Banks
               of
               that
               River
               
               with
               Hulst
               ,
               a
               considerable
               Town
               ,
               indifferently
               fortified
               ,
               the
               Country
               is
               generaly
               fruitful
               ,
               and
               the
               people
               very
               thrifty
               and
               sparing
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Gallicam
               ,
               or
               
                 Gallica
                 Flanders
              
               ,
               taking
               its
               Denomination
               from
               its
               dependency
               on
               the
               French
               ,
               or
               the
               nearness
               to
               that
               Country
               ,
               has
               for
               its
               chief
               Town
               ,
               Lisle
               or
               Lile
               ,
               a
               Town
               of
               great
               Trade
               ,
               and
               much
               Resort
               ,
               where
               sundry
               Merchants
               have
               Ware-Houses
               ,
               and
               some
               petty
               Factories
               ;
               the
               next
               to
               it
               in
               Dignity
               is
               Doway
               ,
               much
               noted
               for
               its
               University
               ,
               and
               the
               great
               Resort
               of
               most
               Christian
               Nations
               thither
               to
               see
               the
               curious
               Library
               ,
               and
               other
               Rarities
               ;
               and
               here
               likewise
               stands
               Tornay
               ,
               taken
               from
               the
               French
               by
               King
               Henry
               the
               Eighth
               of
               England
               ,
               and
               ransomed
               by
               the
               Inhabitants
               at
               100000
               Ducats
               ;
               there
               are
               moreover
               32
               walled
               Towns
               of
               lesser
               note
               ,
               and
               1178
               Villages
               ,
               within
               the
               Jurisdiction
               of
               this
               Province
               ,
               adorned
               with
               stately
               Buildings
               ,
               and
               pleasant
               Gardens
               ,
               replenished
               with
               Fountains
               ,
               and
               pleasant
               Streams
               ;
               and
               is
               in
               all
               parts
               very
               Fruitful
               ,
               as
               lying
               low
               ,
               and
               not
               any
               where
               incumbred
               with
               Mountains
               ,
               from
               which
               indeed
               the
               Provinces
               are
               generally
               free
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Artois
               is
               a
               very
               pleasant
               Province
               ,
               and
               was
               once
               intirely
               French
               ;
               but
               now
               (
               as
               the
               rest
               I
               have
               mentioned
               )
               under
               the
               Government
               of
               the
               King
               of
               Spain
               ,
               quitted
               by
               Henry
               the
               Second
               of
               France
               ,
               to
               Philip
               the
               Second
               of
               Spain
               ,
               in
               the
               League
               of
               Chambray
               ;
               and
               is
               said
               to
               contain
               854
               Villages
               ,
               and
               12
               Towns
               of
               note
               ;
               the
               chief
               being
               Arras
               ,
               from
               whence
               our
               Cloath
               of
               Arras
               comes
               ,
               and
               Lilliers
               .
               The
               Principal
               Frontier
               Towns
               that
               opposes
               Piccardie
               are
               
                 Hedinfort
                 ,
                 Ayre
                 ,
                 Pernes
              
               ,
               and
               St.
               Omers
               ,
               most
               of
               them
               very
               strong
               and
               sencible
               .
            
             
               Hainault
               is
               considerably
               spacious
               ,
               as
               being
               Sixty
               Miles
               in
               length
               ,
               and
               Fourty
               Eight
               in
               breadth
               ,
               in
               which
               are
               computed
               950
               Villages
               ,
               and
               24
               considerable
               Towns
               ,
               as
               Monts
               Famous
               for
               the
               overthrow
               of
               the
               French
               Army
               ,
               under
               the
               command
               of
               the
               Duke
               
               of
               Luxemburg
               ,
               by
               the
               Dutch
               and
               Germans
               ,
               under
               the
               command
               of
               the
               Prince
               of
               
                 Orange
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               routed
               near
               this
               Town
               1676.
               
               Valenciens
               very
               commodiously
               seated
               ,
               so
               that
               it
               cannot
               be
               besieged
               but
               by
               a
               considerable
               Army
               ,
               divided
               into
               three
               parts
               :
               Conde
               and
               Bavais
               ,
               Towns
               of
               considerable
               strength
               ,
               the
               latter
               supposed
               to
               be
               built
               upon
               the
               ruins
               of
               the
               antient
               Belgium
               ,
               the
               Province
               in
               general
               is
               very
               pleasant
               and
               fruitful
               .
            
             
               Namurre
               is
               very
               commodiously
               scituate
               ,
               and
               yields
               the
               Inhabitants
               great
               Advantages
               from
               the
               Iron
               Mines
               ,
               and
               Marble
               Quars
               ;
               as
               also
               those
               of
               Free
               Stone
               ,
               and
               what
               is
               indeed
               a
               wonder
               in
               nature
               ,
               viz.
               The
               Stone
               Cole
               which
               is
               extinguished
               by
               Oyl
               ,
               but
               burns
               the
               brighter
               for
               having
               Water
               cast
               upon
               it
               ;
               and
               here
               are
               found
               the
               City
               Namurre
               ,
               giving
               name
               to
               the
               Province
               as
               also
               
                 Charlemont
                 ,
                 Valen-court
              
               ,
               or
               Bornies
               ,
               with
               about
               182
               Villages
               ,
               accommodated
               with
               rich
               Pastures
               ,
               pleasant
               Gardens
               ,
               with
               store
               of
               Fruits
               and
               Cattle
               .
            
             
               Machlyn
               ,
               though
               it
               is
               reckoned
               to
               be
               scituate
               within
               the
               circuit
               of
               the
               Province
               of
               Brabant
               ;
               yet
               has
               in
               it
               9
               Villages
               ,
               with
               several
               Castles
               and
               Places
               of
               strength
               ,
               as
               its
               dependences
               being
               a
               strong
               Town
               ,
               seated
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               the
               Waters
               of
               the
               River
               Dole
               ,
               so
               that
               upon
               drawing
               up
               the
               Sluces
               ,
               the
               Country
               about
               it
               may
               be
               drowned
               ;
               and
               was
               of
               such
               esteem
               before
               the
               Wars
               with
               Spain
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               the
               seat
               of
               a
               Parliament
               ;
               but
               now
               is
               somewhat
               impaired
               by
               a
               fire
               that
               happened
               some
               years
               since
               ,
               by
               the
               blowing
               up
               of
               a
               Magazine
               of
               800
               Barrils
               of
               Gun-powder
               .
               These
               are
               those
               properly
               called
               the
               Spanish
               Provinces
               and
               Neitherlands
               ,
               which
               were
               formerly
               free
               Estates
               ,
               and
               most
               of
               them
               Independent
               ,
               governed
               by
               their
               proper
               Princes
               and
               Magistrates
               ;
               but
               under
               a
               claim
               of
               right
               by
               Title
               ,
               and
               the
               more
               prevailing
               Power
               of
               the
               Sword
               ,
               wearied
               by
               War
               ,
               they
               were
               reduced
               by
               the
               Spanish
               Kings
               part
               ,
               of
               whose
               Dominions
               they
               are
               at
               
               this
               day
               accounted
               :
               However
               ,
               the
               7
               confederated
               Estates
               ,
               commonly
               called
               the
               United
               Provinces
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Zealand
                 ,
                 Holland
                 ,
                 Vtretch
                 ,
                 Guelderland
                 ,
                 Zutphen
                 ,
                 Groningen
                 ,
                 Over-Yssel
                 ,
              
               and
               some
               part
               of
               Brabant
               ,
               and
               Flanders
               ,
               have
               yet
               those
               Priviledges
               the
               former
               enjoyed
               ,
               making
               for
               their
               better
               defence
               against
               the
               Incroachments
               of
               their
               powerful
               Neighbours
               ,
               a
               strict
               League
               and
               Union
               in
               the
               year
               1581.
               which
               has
               ever
               since
               inviolably
               continued
               ,
               called
               now
               the
               Estates
               of
               the
               Low-Countries
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             A
             Description
             ,
             particularly
             of
             the
             Low-Countries
             .
          
           
             ZEaland
             or
             Sealand
             ,
             is
             a
             Country
             standing
             upon
             7
             Islands
             Northward
             in
             the
             Sea
             ▪
             commodiously
             scituate
             for
             Shipping
             ,
             and
             Harbours
             ,
             so
             that
             it
             may
             in
             a
             manner
             be
             questioned
             ,
             whether
             the
             Inhabitants
             live
             on
             the
             Water
             or
             on
             the
             Land
             ,
             and
             though
             it
             consists
             of
             7
             Islands
             only
             at
             present
             ,
             it
             formerly
             was
             15
             whereof
             8
             have
             been
             swallowed
             up
             by
             the
             Waves
             ,
             with
             their
             Towns
             and
             Cities
             ,
             so
             that
             we
             may
             well
             alude
             .
          
           
             
               Invenies
               sub
               Aquis
               ,
               &
               ad-huc
               austendere
               nautae
               ,
            
             
               Inclinata
               solent
               ,
               cum
               maenibus
               opida
               versis
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
               The
               Waters
               hide
               them
               ,
               and
               the
               Sailers
               show
               ,
            
             
               The
               Ruined
               Walls
               ,
               and
               Steeples
               as
               they
               Row.
               
            
          
           
             The
             chief
             Towns
             of
             this
             Province
             ,
             are
             Middleburg
             ,
             Famous
             for
             Traffick
             ,
             and
             the
             Staple
             for
             French
             and
             Spanish
             Wines
             ;
             Flushing
             ,
             a
             strong
             and
             fortified
             Sea
             Town
             .
             All
             the
             Islands
             are
             fertile
             ,
             much
             abounding
             with
             Pastures
             ,
             Corn
             ,
             and
             plenty
             of
             Cattle
             ,
             yielding
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             Madder
             ,
             for
             dying
             ,
             Wooll
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
           
             HOLLAND
             ,
             (
             the
             chief
             of
             the
             Provinces
             ,
             under
             the
             Denomination
             of
             which
             the
             rest
             are
             vulgarly
             called
             ,
             and
             is
             the
             most
             powerful
             in
             Shipping
             ,
             and
             Navigation
             ,
             )
             comprehends
             the
             Famous
             City
             of
             Amsterdam
             ,
             by
             which
             the
             River
             Tay
             flows
             like
             a
             large
             Sea
             ,
             and
             is
             one
             of
             the
             chief
             Empories
             of
             
               Europe
               ,
               Rotterdam
               ,
               Leyden
            
             an
             University
             ,
             
               Doort
               ,
               Delph
               ,
               Harlem
            
             ,
             and
             other
             places
             of
             note
             ,
             as
             the
             Hague
             ,
             &c.
             the
             which
             ,
             though
             but
             an
             Inland
             Village
             ,
             is
             much
             honoured
             by
             the
             Concourse
             ,
             resorting
             thither
             ,
             and
             the
             frequent
             assembling
             of
             the
             Estates
             ;
             and
             this
             ,
             more
             than
             any
             other
             part
             ,
             abounds
             with
             Woods
             ,
             esteemed
             though
             but
             small
             ,
             to
             contian
             400
             Villages
             ,
             and
             20
             walled
             Towns
             in
             its
             Jurisdiction
             .
          
           
             VTRECHT
             ,
             another
             of
             these
             Provinces
             has
             five
             considerable
             Towns
             in
             it
             ,
             of
             which
             
               Vtrecht
               ,
               Mont-fort
            
             ,
             and
             Rhenen
             ,
             are
             the
             principal
             ;
             as
             also
             70
             Villages
             ,
             many
             of
             them
             very
             fair
             and
             pleasant
             ,
             all
             well
             watered
             ,
             and
             accommodated
             with
             Gardens
             ,
             Pasturages
             ,
             and
             other
             things
             necessary
             for
             the
             use
             of
             Man
             ;
             the
             Province
             was
             anciently
             called
             Antonia
             ,
             but
             since
             took
             its
             Name
             from
             a
             Ferry
             that
             was
             kept
             there
             ,
             for
             the
             Transportation
             of
             Passengers
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             OVER-YSSEL
             ,
             another
             of
             the
             Provinces
             ,
             is
             memorable
             for
             the
             City
             of
             Daventree
             ,
             won
             by
             Robert
             Earl
             of
             Leicester
             ,
             an
             English
             Peer
             ,
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             ,
             from
             the
             Spaniard
             ,
             and
             delivered
             to
             the
             States
             ,
             and
             has
             besides
             11
             good
             Towns
             of
             which
             
               Campene
               ,
               Swall
            
             ,
             and
             Daventree
             are
             the
             chief
             ,
             101
             Villages
             ,
             and
             abounds
             with
             good
             Pasture●
             ,
             Meddows
             ,
             Corn
             and
             Cattle
             ,
             producing
             yearly
             a●
             extraordinary
             quantity
             of
             Butter
             and
             Cheese
             ,
             and
             the
             rather
             Fruitful
             ,
             as
             being
             well
             watered
             by
             the
             River
             Yssel
             ,
             from
             which
             it
             appears
             to
             take
             its
             name
             .
          
           
             ZVTPHEN
             ,
             though
             it
             claims
             the
             Jurisdiction
             of
             a
             Province
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             no
             more
             than
             a
             Town
             in
             Guelderland
             ,
             free
             ,
             and
             independent
             ,
             before
             which
             (
             to
             the
             great
             Grief
             of
             all
             good
             Men
             )
             the
             Famous
             and
             Learned
             Sir
             
               Philip
               Sidney
            
             ,
             received
             the
             Mortal
             
             wound
             of
             which
             he
             dyed
             ,
             though
             the
             Town
             was
             notwithstanding
             won
             by
             his
             Conduct
             and
             Valour
             ,
             being
             a
             very
             antient
             Earldom
             .
          
           
             GVELDERLAND
             is
             a
             Dukedom
             of
             considerable
             note
             ,
             abounding
             with
             Plenty
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             Provisions
             ,
             and
             many
             curious
             Manufactures
             ,
             and
             is
             held
             to
             contain
             24
             Towns
             ,
             and
             300
             Villages
             .
             The
             chief
             of
             the
             Towns
             being
             Nimegen
             ,
             seated
             on
             a
             branch
             of
             the
             River
             Rhine
             ,
             and
             much
             noted
             for
             the
             Treaty
             held
             there
             ,
             Ruremond
             and
             Arnheim
             ,
             and
             is
             recounted
             in
             Historians
             to
             take
             its
             name
             from
             Geluba
             ;
             once
             a
             famous
             Town
             Scituate
             in
             the
             Province
             ,
             but
             now
             altogether
             ruined
             or
             reduced
             to
             a
             strait
             compass
             .
          
           
             GROINING
             or
             GRONINGEN
             ,
             is
             a
             Barrony
             of
             West
             Friezland
             ,
             so
             large
             that
             under
             its
             Jurisdiction
             it
             has
             154
             Towns
             and
             Villages
             ,
             the
             principal
             being
             
               Old
               Haven
            
             and
             Keikerk
             ,
             and
             boasts
             of
             great
             Plenty
             and
             much
             Riches
             .
          
           
             FRIEZLAND
             contains
             11
             chief
             Towns
             ,
             the
             most
             considerable
             being
             
               Harlingem
               ,
               Lewarden
            
             ,
             and
             Zwichen
             ,
             with
             about
             345
             Villages
             ,
             Incompassed
             with
             Excellent
             Pasture
             grounds
             ,
             abounding
             in
             Herds
             of
             Cattle
             ,
             of
             a
             more
             then
             ordinary
             bigness
             ,
             and
             is
             in
             a
             manner
             ,
             every
             where
             refresh'd
             with
             pleasant
             Streams
             ;
             and
             not
             far
             from
             it
             is
             the
             Island
             of
             Scelinck
             ,
             on
             the
             Coast
             whereof
             the
             Fishing
             trade
             is
             continually
             maintained
             ;
             and
             there
             are
             found
             Dog-Fish
             in
             abundance
             .
          
           
             The
             Air
             in
             these
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             Provinces
             ,
             is
             at
             this
             day
             very
             temperate
             ;
             so
             that
             ,
             although
             the
             Winters
             last
             long
             ,
             yet
             are
             they
             not
             excessive
             ;
             and
             as
             for
             the
             Summer
             it
             is
             gentle
             and
             mild
             ,
             resembling
             the
             Spring
             ,
             in
             the
             more
             Southern
             Countries
             ;
             as
             for
             the
             People
             they
             are
             generally
             corpulent
             ,
             well
             proportioned
             ,
             and
             great
             Artists
             ,
             being
             quick
             of
             Invention
             ,
             and
             very
             curious
             Artificers
             .
             The
             Women
             are
             for
             the
             most
             part
             tolerably
             handsome
             ,
             and
             constant
             House-wifes
             much
             in
             subjection
             to
             their
             Husbands
             ,
             
             and
             very
             careful
             in
             the
             management
             of
             such
             Affairs
             as
             they
             understand
             :
             They
             are
             (
             both
             Men
             and
             Women
             )
             frequently
             great
             drinkers
             ;
             nor
             do
             they
             come
             behind
             hand
             ,
             especially
             those
             of
             the
             7
             Provinces
             last
             mentioned
             ,
             in
             eating
             ;
             and
             as
             for
             their
             Warfare
             they
             are
             better
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             more
             fortunate
             by
             Sea
             then
             Land
             ,
             for
             indeed
             Navigation
             is
             in
             a
             manner
             their
             greatest
             business
             ;
             many
             of
             those
             ,
             we
             properly
             call
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             being
             born
             on
             Ship-board
             ,
             and
             there
             brought
             up
             ;
             their
             Parents
             having
             no
             Land
             ,
             Houses
             or
             Tenements
             ,
             but
             live
             on
             board
             for
             the
             most
             part
             ,
             and
             are
             seldom
             in
             Lodgings
             which
             is
             all
             they
             take
             care
             for
             ,
             rejecting
             any
             settlement
             ;
             and
             thus
             much
             in
             brief
             for
             the
             17
             Provinces
             ,
             or
             Lower
             Germany
             ,
             from
             whence
             I
             proceed
             to
             the
             Higher
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             Germany
             ,
             properly
             so
             call'd
             ,
             Described
             in
             its
             Province
             and
             Principalitie
             .
          
           
             GERMANY
             ,
             in
             which
             at
             this
             day
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             has
             its
             Establishment
             ,
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             
               Prussia
               ,
               Poland
            
             and
             Hungary
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             with
             Belgium
             and
             France
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             with
             Denmark
             ,
             and
             the
             Main
             Sea
             called
             the
             
               German
               Ocean
            
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             South
             with
             the
             Alps
             ,
             and
             is
             Scituate
             in
             the
             Northern
             Temperate
             Zone
             ,
             under
             the
             7
             and
             11
             Climates
             having
             17
             hours
             and
             a
             half
             in
             the
             longest
             day
             Northward
             ,
             and
             14
             and
             a
             half
             Southward
             ;
             the
             compass
             of
             this
             spacious
             Country
             ,
             being
             accounted
             2600
             English
             miles
             ,
             held
             to
             be
             effectually
             the
             largest
             in
             Europe
             ,
             and
             in
             most
             Parts
             is
             exceeding
             Fruitful
             ,
             the
             Air
             wholsom
             ;
             and
             consequently
             the
             Natives
             (
             were
             they
             more
             temperate
             )
             would
             be
             exceeding
             healthful
             ;
             however
             the
             Inhabitants
             for
             honesty
             of
             conversation
             and
             firmness
             to
             their
             Governors
             ,
             are
             much
             to
             be
             applauded
             ;
             
             Valiant
             they
             are
             ,
             and
             very
             deliberate
             in
             their
             Actions
             ;
             the
             Women
             are
             corpulent
             and
             tolerably
             handsome
             great
             breeders
             ,
             and
             very
             fruitful
             ;
             though
             for
             the
             Vulgar
             sort
             they
             are
             generally
             poor
             ,
             notwithstanding
             they
             are
             curious
             in
             invention
             ,
             and
             performance
             of
             Arts
             ;
             and
             the
             World
             is
             beholding
             (
             if
             we
             may
             rightly
             so
             term
             it
             )
             to
             this
             Nation
             for
             the
             Invention
             of
             Printing
             and
             Gun-powder
             .
          
           
             GERMANY
             is
             exceeding
             fertile
             ,
             many
             parts
             of
             it
             abounding
             with
             Corn
             ,
             Wine
             ,
             Cattle
             ,
             Minerals
             ,
             as
             Tin
             ,
             Copper
             ,
             Silver
             ,
             and
             some
             Gold
             ,
             Quicksilver
             ,
             Linnen
             Cloath
             ,
             Allom
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             valuable
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             is
             properly
             divided
             into
             the
             upper
             and
             lower
             Germany
             .
             The
             first
             of
             these
             more
             bordering
             upon
             the
             Alps
             ,
             may
             be
             reckoned
             to
             contain
             
               Austria
               ,
               Bavaria
               ,
               Suevia
               ,
               Helvetia
               ,
               Switzer
               land
            
             and
             Alsatia
             ;
             and
             of
             these
             in
             their
             order
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               The
               Upper
               Germany
               Described
               .
            
             
               AVSTRIA
               ,
               a
               Hereditary
               Province
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               or
               Arch-Dukedom
               of
               the
               House
               of
               Austria
               ,
               Antiently
               Pannonia
               Superiour
               ,
               is
               accounted
               the
               most
               fertile
               of
               the
               Provinces
               ,
               in
               Corn
               ,
               Wine
               ,
               Fish
               ,
               Cattle
               ,
               &c.
               
               And
               has
               for
               its
               Metropolis
               ,
               the
               famous
               City
               of
               Vienna
               ,
               called
               by
               the
               
                 Dutch
                 Wien
              
               ;
               more
               noted
               for
               the
               great
               overthrow
               ,
               the
               Turks
               received
               before
               it
               ,
               in
               the
               year
               1683.
               after
               it
               had
               sustained
               a
               Siege
               of
               near
               3
               months
               ;
               and
               is
               commodiously
               Scituate
               upon
               the
               dividing
               of
               the
               River
               Danube
               ,
               antiently
               called
               Ister
               ,
               adorned
               with
               a
               great
               number
               of
               stately
               Buildings
               ,
               and
               has
               not
               only
               frequently
               bafled
               the
               Ottoman
               power
               ,
               by
               putting
               a
               stop
               to
               their
               further
               incroachment
               into
               Christendom
               ,
               but
               is
               usually
               the
               Imperial
               Residence
               ,
               being
               strongly
               defended
               with
               a
               Wall
               ,
               and
               several
               Towers
               :
               and
               under
               the
               Jurisdiction
               of
               this
               Arch-Dukedom
               are
               
               the
               Provinces
               of
               Styria
               ,
               or
               
                 Steir-Mark
                 ,
                 Carinthia
                 ,
                 Tyrolis
              
               and
               Carniola
               .
               The
               first
               Scituate
               on
               the
               Spurs
               of
               the
               Alps
               ,
               yet
               considerably
               fruitful
               ,
               and
               has
               for
               its
               chief
               Towns
               
                 Gretis
                 ,
                 Hall
              
               and
               Marpurg
               ,
               with
               many
               pleasant
               Villages
               .
               The
               second
               is
               considerably
               large
               ,
               as
               containing
               many
               good
               Towns
               and
               Villages
               :
               Those
               of
               note
               being
               
                 Spital
                 ,
                 Veit
              
               ,
               and
               Vellach
               ,
               with
               good
               Pastures
               ,
               and
               fruitful
               Plantations
               of
               Gardens
               ,
               Orchards
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               Third
               borders
               ,
               or
               is
               rather
               Scituate
               on
               a
               part
               of
               the
               Alps
               ,
               very
               montainous
               ,
               and
               but
               indifferently
               Fruitful
               ,
               yeilding
               more
               in
               Mines
               then
               in
               other
               Commodities
               ;
               yet
               contains
               the
               noted
               Towns
               of
               
                 Inspurch
                 ,
                 Tyrol
              
               and
               Trent
               ,
               so
               much
               known
               by
               the
               Council
               that
               was
               held
               there
               ,
               in
               the
               year
               1546.
               
               Seated
               on
               the
               banks
               of
               the
               River
               Odesis
               :
               The
               Country
               is
               in
               a
               manner
               square
               ;
               as
               being
               72
               Miles
               ,
               without
               any
               considerable
               difference
               ,
               every
               way
               .
            
             
               The
               Fourth
               is
               larger
               than
               any
               of
               the
               former
               as
               being
               150
               miles
               in
               length
               ,
               and
               45
               in
               breadth
               ,
               Invironed
               with
               Sclavonia
               on
               the
               East
               ,
               Italy
               on
               the
               West
               ,
               Istria
               on
               the
               South
               ,
               and
               Carinthia
               on
               the
               North
               ;
               a
               Country
               ,
               it
               is
               very
               fruitful
               ,
               and
               has
               in
               it
               many
               good
               Towns
               the
               principal
               being
               Esling
               and
               
                 New
                 Marcht
              
               ,
               Scituate
               on
               the
               Banks
               of
               the
               River
               Save
               .
            
             
               BAVARIA
               is
               a
               large
               Country
               ,
               and
               has
               for
               it's
               Boundards
               Styria
               and
               Austria
               on
               the
               East
               ,
               Leike
               on
               the
               West
               ,
               the
               Danube
               and
               part
               of
               Franconia
               on
               the
               North
               ,
               and
               Carinthia
               together
               with
               Tyrol
               on
               the
               South
               ;
               and
               has
               for
               its
               principal
               City
               Munich
               ,
               upon
               the
               River
               Asser
               ,
               being
               the
               Dukes
               principal
               Seat
               ;
               Ingolstadt
               on
               the
               Danube
               ,
               comprehending
               an
               University
               
                 Ratisbon
                 ,
                 Paslaw
                 ,
                 Donow
                 ,
                 Saltzburg
                 ,
              
               and
               others
               ;
               and
               is
               watered
               with
               the
               Rivers
               Danube
               and
               Saltzech
               as
               principal
               streams
               ,
               and
               with
               Rivers
               of
               lesser
               note
               ;
               and
               so
               opulent
               is
               it
               ,
               that
               Travellers
               affirm
               
               34
               Cities
               and
               46
               considerable
               Walled
               Towns
               ,
               are
               found
               within
               its
               circumference
               ,
               and
               is
               fruitful
               in
               every
               thing
               except
               Wine
               ,
               with
               which
               it
               is
               supplyed
               out
               of
               other
               Parts
               .
            
             
               SVEVIA
               called
               by
               the
               
                 Dutch
                 Schwaben
              
               ,
               is
               bounded
               Eastward
               on
               Bavaria
               ,
               Westward
               on
               the
               Danube
               ,
               Northward
               on
               Franconia
               ,
               and
               Southward
               on
               Tyrol
               and
               Retia
               ,
               or
               the
               Country
               of
               Grissens
               ;
               and
               has
               for
               its
               Principal
               Towns
               Vlm
               or
               
                 Elmus
                 ,
                 Lindair
              
               ,
               a
               free
               City
               Seated
               in
               a
               Peninsula
               ,
               made
               by
               the
               Lake
               
                 Acronius
                 ,
                 Auspurg
                 ,
                 Ravenspurg
                 ,
                 Wherlingen
              
               and
               Norlingen
               ;
               most
               built
               with
               Free-stone
               ,
               with
               Houses
               of
               an
               extraordinary
               height
               ,
               as
               four
               and
               five
               Stories
               ,
               and
               many
               stately
               Pallaces
               ,
               Churches
               ,
               &c.
               
               The
               Country
               is
               generally
               well
               peopled
               and
               with
               those
               of
               a
               good
               Complexion
               ,
               tall
               and
               well
               set
               ;
               the
               women
               Ruddy
               and
               Fair
               ,
               and
               the
               Plains
               abound
               with
               rich
               Pastures
               ,
               Cattle
               and
               Corn
               ;
               for
               Hills
               there
               are
               none
               of
               considerable
               note
               ;
               and
               the
               principal
               River
               that
               passes
               through
               it
               ,
               is
               the
               Danube
               ,
               receiving
               other
               Rivers
               into
               its
               stream
               ;
               and
               although
               Auspurg
               is
               accounted
               a
               City
               of
               this
               Province
               ;
               yet
               in
               it self
               and
               dependencies
               ,
               it
               is
               a
               Marquizat
               .
            
             
               HELVETIA
               ,
               now
               more
               vulgarly
               known
               by
               the
               name
               of
               Switzerland
               ,
               is
               a
               very
               Mountainous
               Country
               ,
               as
               being
               posited
               amongst
               the
               Alps
               ,
               for
               the
               most
               part
               ,
               or
               spurs
               of
               that
               mountain
               ,
               accounted
               the
               highest
               habitable
               Region
               in
               Europe
               ,
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Tyrol
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Lorain
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               France
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               South
               with
               Italy
               ;
               and
               is
               at
               this
               day
               cantoned
               or
               divided
               into
               13
               Divisions
               or
               Jurisdictions
               ,
               under
               a
               United
               Confederacy
               and
               League
               ,
               the
               better
               to
               oppose
               the
               Invasion
               of
               any
               powerful
               Neighbours
               ;
               and
               these
               have
               for
               their
               Capitals
               considerable
               distinct
               Cities
               and
               Countries
               ,
               from
               which
               they
               hold
               their
               Regulation
               ;
               as
               
                 Zurich
                 ,
                 Berne
                 ,
                 Lucerne
                 ,
                 Glaris
                 ,
                 Prenij
                 ,
                 Zugh
                 ,
                 Friburg
                 ,
                 Basil
                 ,
                 Schaffhansen
                 ,
                 Apensel
                 ,
                 Soloturn
                 ,
                 Vandenew
              
               and
               Suits
               ;
               besides
               
               in
               the
               Confederacy
               is
               comprehended
               ,
               the
               City
               and
               Marquesat
               of
               Baden
               ,
               and
               although
               they
               are
               divided
               in
               Matters
               of
               Religion
               ,
               5
               being
               of
               the
               Reformed
               Church
               ,
               and
               the
               rest
               Roman-Catholicks
               ,
               yet
               that
               makes
               no
               Separation
               in
               the
               common
               Interest
               ,
               but
               against
               any
               opposer
               ,
               they
               mutually
               joyn
               their
               Forces
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               length
               of
               these
               Countries
               thus
               United
               ,
               it
               is
               accounted
               240
               miles
               and
               the
               breadth
               180
               miles
               ,
               and
               from
               these
               Mountains
               Issue
               the
               Famous
               Rivers
               Po
               ,
               and
               Rhone
               or
               Rosne
               ,
               with
               others
               of
               lesser
               note
               ,
               which
               pass
               through
               many
               Famous
               Kingdoms
               and
               Provinces
               ;
               and
               indeed
               the
               Plains
               that
               are
               found
               amongst
               the
               Mountainous
               places
               ,
               are
               exceeding
               Fruitful
               ,
               and
               produce
               many
               Cattle
               ,
               and
               the
               men
               are
               accounted
               the
               best
               Soldiers
               in
               
                 Europe
                 ▪
              
               and
               for
               as
               much
               as
               their
               Country
               is
               poor
               ,
               they
               much
               addict
               themselves
               to
               the
               Sword
               ;
               serving
               for
               pay
               any
               Prince
               that
               will
               entertain
               them
               ;
               whereby
               it
               appears
               ,
               that
               no
               less
               than
               one
               Million
               of
               the●
               have
               fallen
               in
               sundry
               Battles
               within
               One
               hundred
               years
               past
               .
            
             
               ALSATIA
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               the
               Rhine
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               Lorain
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               with
               the
               Palatinate
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               South
               Helvetia
               ;
               having
               for
               its
               Metropolis
               the
               famous
               City
               of
               Stra●burg
               ,
               on
               the
               Rhine
               ;
               lately
               taken
               ,
               or
               surprized
               by
               the
               French
               ,
               who
               undertook
               the
               Quarrel
               of
               the
               Bishop
               that
               layed
               claim
               to
               that
               Dignity
               ;
               though
               indeed
               it
               has
               been
               held
               a
               free
               City
               :
               As
               for
               the
               Building
               ,
               it
               is
               very
               stately
               ,
               mostly
               of
               Free-stone
               ,
               and
               contains
               several
               fair
               Churches
               ,
               Senate-Houses
               an●
               Stores
               ;
               the
               Streets
               ,
               though
               not
               very
               wide
               ,
               are
               in
               most
               parts
               refreshed
               by
               the
               Streams
               of
               Water
               that
               pass
               through
               them
               ,
               and
               all
               the
               Country
               about
               it
               abounds
               with
               fruitful
               Fields
               ,
               Vineyards
               ,
               Cattle
               ,
               Gardens
               ,
               and
               every
               thing
               that
               may
               be
               termed
               pleasant
               and
               delightful
               ,
               and
               has
               in
               the
               circuit
               a
               considerable
               number
               of
               
               Towns
               and
               Villages
               ,
               and
               was
               reckoned
               ,
               as
               is
               said
               ,
               amongst
               the
               free
               Imperial
               Cities
               .
            
             
               To
               these
               in
               this
               division
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               we
               may
               add
               Rhetia
               ,
               or
               the
               Country
               of
               the
               Grisons
               ,
               bounded
               on
               the
               West
               with
               Switzerland
               ,
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Tyrol
               on
               the
               South
               with
               Milain
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Suevia
               ,
               lying
               half
               in
               Italy
               and
               half
               in
               Germany
               ;
               so
               that
               the
               People
               for
               the
               most
               part
               are
               Familiar
               with
               either
               Language
               ,
               and
               is
               a
               Region
               well
               peopleed
               and
               plesantly
               Scituate
               ,
               only
               somewhat
               Mountainous
               .
               The
               chief
               Towns
               are
               Coyra
               ,
               not
               far
               from
               the
               
                 Rhine
                 ,
                 Musocco
              
               and
               Bormia
               ;
               and
               in
               these
               parts
               the
               Reformed
               and
               Romish
               Religion
               are
               indifferently
               Practiced
               ;
               and
               thus
               much
               of
               the
               upper
               or
               higher
               Germany
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               Lower
               Germany
               Described
               ,
               in
               its
               Provinces
               ,
               Free-Towns
               ,
               &c
               ▪
            
             
               THAT
               which
               we
               properly
               term
               the
               lower
               Germany
               ,
               may
               be
               conveniently
               divided
               into
               Franconia
               ,
               and
               the
               appendant
               Territories
               ,
               the
               three
               Electorates
               of
               the
               
                 Palatinate
                 ,
                 Brandenburgh
              
               and
               Saxony
               ;
               with
               its
               dependencies
               .
               
                 Pomerania
                 ,
                 Medenburgh
                 ,
                 Brunswick
                 ,
                 Lameburg
                 ,
                 Hassia
                 ,
                 East
                 Friezland
                 ,
                 Westphalia
                 ,
                 Cleveland
                 ,
                 Wetteraw
              
               or
               Vetravia
               ,
               &c.
               and
               of
               these
               in
               their
               order
               .
            
             
               FRANCONIA
               ,
               supposed
               by
               some
               to
               be
               the
               first
               Seat
               of
               the
               Franks
               or
               French
               ,
               has
               for
               its
               boundards
               ,
               on
               the
               East
               Saxony
               and
               Bohemia
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               Elsas
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               Hassia
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               South
               Bavaria
               ;
               and
               contains
               many
               fair
               Cities
               within
               its
               circle
               or
               circumference
               ,
               as
               
                 Bamber
                 ,
                 Weirtzburg
              
               ,
               and
               Metz
               or
               Mentz
               ,
               the
               Seat
               of
               a
               Bishop
               ,
               and
               moreover
               has
               in
               it
               the
               Pallace
               of
               the
               chief
               Electoral
               Bishop
               ;
               and
               as
               for
               the
               City
               ,
               it
               is
               commodiously
               seated
               upon
               pleasant
               riseing
               Hills
               ,
               incompassed
               with
               a
               Valley
               and
               spacious
               
               Plains
               ,
               yielding
               great
               abundance
               of
               Corn
               ,
               Fruits
               and
               Pastures
               ;
               being
               Antiently
               the
               Seat
               of
               a
               King
               ,
               called
               the
               King
               of
               Mentz
               :
               And
               in
               the
               Province
               are
               the
               free
               Cities
               of
               
                 Noremburg
                 ,
                 Rotenburgh
              
               ,
               and
               Francfort
               ,
               at
               the
               latter
               of
               which
               the
               Electors
               of
               the
               Empire
               meet
               ,
               as
               occasion
               serves
               ,
               for
               the
               Election
               of
               the
               Emperor
               ;
               all
               three
               pleasantly
               Seated
               ,
               either
               by
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               Soil
               ,
               or
               the
               industry
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               ,
               well
               fortified
               and
               of
               great
               concourse
               ;
               there
               being
               two
               of
               the
               most
               noted
               Fairs
               in
               Europe
               ,
               held
               twice
               a
               year
               ,
               and
               in
               one
               of
               it's
               streets
               on
               the
               East
               side
               ,
               the
               Jews
               are
               permitted
               to
               Trade
               and
               Inhabit
               .
            
             
               The
               Kingdom
               of
               Bohemia
               ,
               is
               an
               Antient
               and
               Famous
               Kingdom
               ;
               containing
               the
               Dukedom
               of
               Silesia
               ,
               the
               Marquesates
               of
               Lusatia
               and
               Moravia
               ;
               accounted
               in
               circuit
               550
               English
               Miles
               ,
               being
               cast
               in
               a
               manner
               round
               or
               circular
               ,
               Walled
               with
               Mountains
               or
               large
               Hills
               ,
               and
               was
               once
               held
               to
               contain
               78
               Cities
               ,
               Castles
               and
               Walled
               Towns
               ,
               and
               32000
               Villages
               and
               stately
               Buildings
               of
               the
               Nobility
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               Soil
               of
               this
               Kingdom
               ,
               it
               is
               generally
               Fruitful
               producing
               great
               increase
               of
               Corn
               and
               Wine
               ,
               and
               in
               many
               parts
               there
               are
               Mines
               of
               Iron
               ,
               Lead
               ,
               Tin
               ,
               Copper
               ,
               Gold
               ,
               Silver
               ,
               and
               some
               Quicksilver
               :
               As
               for
               the
               Natives
               ,
               they
               are
               of
               a
               chearful
               Countenance
               ,
               modest
               behaviour
               ,
               and
               strong
               of
               Body
               ;
               the
               Women
               very
               fair
               and
               comly
               ,
               tall
               of
               personage
               and
               broad
               Shouldered
               .
               As
               for
               the
               King
               of
               Bohemia
               ,
               which
               now
               rests
               in
               the
               house
               of
               Austria
               ,
               he
               is
               one
               of
               the
               Electors
               of
               the
               Emperor
               ,
               and
               has
               precedency
               in
               the
               casting
               voice
               ;
               and
               is
               great
               Cup-bearer
               on
               the
               Coronation
               day
            
             
               The
               chief
               Cities
               of
               this
               Kingdom
               are
               Prague
               ,
               seated
               on
               the
               River
               Mulda
               ,
               consisting
               of
               three
               parts
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               division
               the
               River
               makes
               ,
               though
               joined
               by
               Bridges
               ,
               and
               has
               in
               it
               many
               stately
               Buildings
               of
               Free-stone
               ,
               though
               in
               the
               generality
               ,
               the
               
               Houses
               are
               Timber
               built
               ,
               and
               the
               Walls
               of
               Clay
               or
               Loam
               ;
               Egra
               ,
               a
               place
               very
               commodious
               ,
               and
               much
               traded
               to
               ,
               watered
               with
               a
               pleasant
               Stream
               ,
               and
               accommodated
               with
               curious
               Gardens
               and
               Orchards
               ,
               ●●dweis
               and
               others
               .
            
             
               SILESIA
               is
               a
               Part
               or
               Province
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               ,
               of
               Bohemia
               ,
               extending
               in
               length
               240
               Miles
               ,
               and
               in
               breadth
               80
               Miles
               ,
               divided
               almost
               in
               equal
               parts
               by
               the
               River
               Oder
               ,
               into
               which
               many
               lesser
               Rivers
               discharge
               themselves
               ,
               and
               so
               well
               water
               the
               Country
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               exceeding
               fruitful
               almost
               every
               where
               ,
               though
               the
               Air
               is
               much
               colder
               than
               with
               us
               at
               all
               times
               ,
               and
               what
               the
               Soil
               wants
               ,
               the
               Inhabitants
               by
               their
               industry
               make
               out
               ;
               and
               in
               it
               is
               scituate
               the
               famous
               City
               of
               Breslaw
               ,
               or
               Preslaw
               ,
               accounted
               for
               stately
               Building
               ,
               and
               Commodiousness
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               chief
               Cities
               belonging
               to
               the
               Emperor
               .
               There
               are
               moreover
               the
               Cities
               of
               Jadendorf
               ,
               and
               Glogaw
               ,
               with
               a
               great
               number
               of
               pleasant
               Villages
               .
            
             
               LVSATIA
               ,
               or
               Lusutia
               ,
               is
               divided
               into
               the
               Higher
               and
               Lower
               Countries
               ,
               and
               though
               but
               small
               ,
               yet
               exceeding
               Populous
               ,
               so
               that
               Historians
               affirm
               ,
               that
               this
               little
               Province
               has
               sent
               20000
               Armed
               Men
               into
               the
               Field
               ,
               and
               is
               in
               most
               parts
               Fruitful
               ,
               as
               being
               watered
               by
               the
               River
               Nise
               or
               Nisso
               ,
               and
               other
               Streams
               ,
               and
               has
               as
               chief
               Cities
               Trabel
               and
               Groliz
               ,
               with
               many
               walled
               Towns
               ,
               and
               a
               great
               number
               of
               Villages
               ,
               though
               several
               have
               been
               destroyed
               ,
               by
               the
               Incursions
               of
               the
               Turks
               and
               Tartars
               ,
               and
               the
               Intestine
               Wars
               .
            
             
               Moravia
               is
               a
               very
               pleasant
               Country
               ,
               affording
               store
               of
               Wine
               ,
               Corn
               ,
               and
               curious
               Fruits
               ,
               with
               some
               Myrrh
               ,
               and
               Frankincense
               ,
               the
               Shrubs
               and
               Trees
               growing
               naturally
               wild
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               in
               Gardens
               by
               Improvement
               ;
               the
               Country
               being
               very
               Wooddy
               and
               Mountainous
               ,
               and
               is
               a
               Marquisate
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               the
               chief
               Towns
               being
               Almutz
               ,
               an
               University
               ,
               and
               Brinne
               ,
               the
               Seat
               of
               the
               Marquess
               ;
               the
               Country
               receiving
               its
               name
               (
               as
               most
               conjecture
               )
               from
               the
               River
               Moravia
               that
               
               runs
               through
               it
               ;
               and
               although
               the
               Territories
               are
               not
               large
               ,
               the
               People
               are
               nevertheless
               divided
               in
               Language
               ,
               between
               the
               
                 Teutonick
                 ,
                 Bohemian
              
               ,
               and
               Sclavonian
               .
            
             
               The
               Electorate
               of
               the
               Palatinate
               ,
               or
               the
               Country
               under
               that
               Denomination
               ,
               contains
               the
               Upper
               and
               Lower
               Palatinates
               ,
               and
               extends
               for
               the
               most
               part
               along
               the
               
                 Rhine
                 96
              
               ,
               and
               is
               in
               breadth
               72
               Miles
               ,
               said
               to
               be
               the
               fruitfullest
               of
               all
               others
               ,
               affording
               abundance
               of
               Rhenish
               Wines
               ,
               pressed
               from
               the
               Grapes
               that
               grow
               in
               great
               plenty
               on
               the
               Banks
               of
               that
               famous
               River
               ,
               from
               whence
               the
               Wine
               takes
               its
               Name
               ;
               and
               in
               any
               vacancy
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               the
               Prince
               Elector
               of
               these
               Palatinates
               has
               a
               far
               larger
               Jurisdiction
               ,
               which
               terminates
               not
               till
               the
               Coronation
               of
               the
               Emperor
               ,
               where
               he
               takes
               his
               place
               as
               Arch-Sewer
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Upper
               of
               these
               Palatinates
               is
               scituate
               ,
               the
               City
               of
               
                 Newburg
                 ,
                 Amburg
              
               ,
               and
               Castel
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               Lower
               Heidelburg
               ,
               the
               Seat
               of
               the
               Palsgrave
               of
               the
               Rhine
               ,
               incompassed
               with
               high
               Hills
               ,
               on
               the
               North-East
               ,
               and
               South
               
                 Frankendale
                 ,
                 Openheim
              
               and
               Crutznach
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               East-side
               of
               this
               Country
               are
               Lauden
               ,
               and
               Winheim
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               West
               Xeifers
               and
               Newstadt
               .
            
             
               The
               Electorate
               of
               Saxony
               has
               for
               its
               Eastern
               boundard
               Lusatia
               ,
               for
               its
               Western
               Hassia
               ,
               for
               its
               Northe●
               Brunswick
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               South
               Bohemia
               and
               Franconia
               ;
               and
               contains
               the
               Countries
               commonly
               called
               
                 Turingia
                 ,
                 Misnia
                 ,
                 Voitland
              
               ,
               and
               the
               proper
               Saxony
               ;
               as
               for
               the
               first
               of
               these
               ,
               it
               comprehends
               the
               Principalities
               of
               Manfieldt
               and
               Anhalt
               ,
               the
               Prince
               of
               it
               being
               a
               Lantgrave
               ;
               and
               although
               the
               Country
               exceeds
               not
               12
               German
               Miles
               ,
               either
               way
               ,
               yet
               the
               Soil
               is
               exceeding
               Fruitful
               ,
               and
               so
               abounds
               that
               its
               Fruitfulness
               supplies
               other
               Places
               of
               greater
               extent
               ;
               and
               being
               divided
               into
               12
               Countries
               ,
               is
               held
               to
               contain
               44
               Cities
               ,
               walled
               Towns
               ,
               and
               strong
               Castles
               ;
               and
               about
               2000
               Villages
               ,
               and
               great
               Houses
               of
               Noble
               Men
               ;
               as
               for
               the
               Duke
               of
               Saxonies
               chief
               Seat
               it
               is
               Ersdorf
               ,
               though
               there
               
               are
               other
               famous
               Places
               within
               his
               Jurisdiction
               ,
               as
               Dresden
               ,
               seated
               on
               the
               River
               Albis
               ,
               in
               a
               pleasant
               Plain
               ,
               passing
               between
               two
               Mountains
               :
               Leipzich
               ,
               a
               Famous
               University
               ,
               especially
               for
               the
               study
               of
               Physick
               ,
               and
               Philosophy
               ;
               built
               mostly
               with
               free-stone
               ,
               and
               pleasantly
               invironed
               with
               Corn-Fields
               :
               Wintenburg
               ,
               the
               place
               where
               Faustus
               studied
               Necromancy
               ,
               with
               many
               others
               ;
               and
               this
               by
               some
               is
               held
               to
               be
               the
               Country
               that
               gave
               Birth
               to
               those
               Saxons
               that
               invaded
               England
               ,
               and
               brought
               it
               under
               Subjection
               .
            
             
               The
               Electorate
               of
               Brandenburg
               (
               though
               no
               more
               properly
               held
               than
               a
               Marquisate
               ,
               notwithstanding
               the
               Elector
               is
               stiled
               a
               Duke
               )
               is
               a
               very
               spacious
               Country
               ,
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Saxony
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               with
               Poland
               ,
               on
               the
               South
               with
               Lusatia
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Pomerania
               ;
               accounted
               500
               Miles
               in
               Circumference
               ,
               containing
               fifty
               considerable
               Cities
               ,
               and
               64
               walled
               Towns
               ,
               besides
               a
               great
               number
               of
               Villages
               :
               This
               Elector
               being
               held
               the
               most
               potent
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               as
               it
               has
               been
               evident
               by
               his
               contending
               with
               the
               
                 Sweeds
                 ,
                 Danes
              
               ,
               and
               others
               .
            
             
               The
               chief
               Cities
               are
               Brandenburg
               ,
               curiously
               scituate
               ,
               and
               adorned
               with
               many
               stately
               Buildings
               ,
               and
               rare
               pieces
               of
               Antiquity
               :
               Berlin
               ,
               the
               place
               of
               usual
               Residence
               ,
               and
               where
               the
               Duke
               has
               a
               Magnificent
               Pallace
               ,
               seated
               on
               the
               River
               
                 Spree
                 :
                 Oderam
              
               and
               Havelburg
               ,
               the
               See
               or
               Seat
               of
               a
               Bishop
               ,
               though
               the
               Reformed
               Religion
               is
               that
               which
               is
               maintained
               and
               supported
               by
               the
               Prince
               :
               And
               this
               Marquisate
               is
               divided
               into
               the
               New
               and
               Old
               ,
               Water'd
               by
               the
               Od●r
               and
               Albis
               ,
               and
               the
               Elector
               is
               great
               Chamberlain
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               all
               the
               Country
               being
               exceeding
               Fruitful
               ,
               and
               naturally
               bringing
               forth
               abundance
               of
               Corn
               ,
               Pasturages
               ,
               and
               some
               Wines
               .
            
             
               POMERANIA
               is
               on
               the
               East
               bounded
               by
               the
               River
               Vistula
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               with
               the
               Baltique
               Ocean
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               Medenburg
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               South
               with
               Brandenburg
               ;
               and
               here
               is
               sound
               the
               famous
               Stetin
               ,
               
               which
               with
               a
               very
               small
               Garrison
               ,
               held
               a
               Siege
               of
               3
               Months
               ,
               against
               the
               whole
               Power
               of
               the
               Elector
               of
               
                 Brandenburg
                 :
                 Wolgast
                 ,
                 Gripswald
                 ,
                 Wallin
                 ,
              
               and
               Newtrepon
               ,
               with
               many
               other
               places
               of
               strength
               ,
               commodiously
               seated
               on
               the
               banks
               of
               Rivers
               ,
               or
               the
               Sea-Coast
               ;
               and
               although
               this
               Province
               is
               not
               large
               ,
               it
               nevertheless
               yields
               great
               store
               of
               Corn
               ,
               Cattle
               ,
               &c.
               and
               lies
               very
               advantageous
               for
               Sea
               Traffick
               ,
               and
               to
               it
               appertain
               the
               Islands
               of
               
                 Volinia
                 ,
                 Wisedonian
              
               ,
               and
               Rugia
               .
            
             
               MEDENBVRG
               is
               scituate
               on
               the
               West
               part
               of
               Pomerania
               ,
               and
               is
               the
               more
               Fruitful
               of
               the
               two
               ,
               as
               having
               many
               Populous
               Cities
               and
               Towns
               within
               its
               Jurisdiction
               ,
               the
               chief
               being
               Steremberg
               ,
               from
               whence
               the
               Late
               Governour
               of
               Vienna
               derives
               his
               Title
               ,
               
                 Malchaw
                 ,
                 Wesmar
              
               and
               Rostock
               ,
               the
               latter
               of
               these
               a
               University
               ,
               and
               is
               watered
               with
               pleasant
               Streams
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               LVNBVRG
               ,
               and
               Brunswick
               ,
               have
               for
               their
               Northern
               boundard
               Denmark
               ,
               for
               their
               Southern
               Saxony
               ,
               and
               Hassia
               ,
               and
               East
               and
               West
               Brandenburg
               ,
               and
               West-Phalen
               ,
               being
               properly
               two
               Dukedoms
               ,
               pleasantly
               scituate
               ;
               as
               for
               the
               chief
               Cities
               ,
               they
               are
               Brunswick
               ,
               a
               free
               City
               of
               the
               Empire
               ;
               from
               this
               place
               the
               true
               Mum
               is
               brought
               over
               ,
               and
               is
               a
               strong
               fortified
               Garrison
               ,
               no
               ways
               in
               Subjection
               to
               the
               Emperor
               ;
               Halbertstadt
               ,
               or
               Herbertstadt
               ,
               a
               Bishops
               See
               ;
               Wolfbitten
               ,
               the
               Residence
               of
               the
               Duke
               ,
               where
               he
               has
               a
               stately
               Pallace
               :
               And
               Lunburg
               the
               Seat
               of
               the
               Lunburg
               Duke
               ,
               a
               very
               pleasant
               City
               ,
               commodiously
               seated
               for
               Trade
               and
               Pleasure
               :
               The
               Country
               about
               it
               producing
               store
               of
               Fruits
               ,
               and
               Corn
               ,
               and
               the
               Pastures
               breeding
               up
               a
               great
               number
               of
               Cattle
               .
            
             
               HASSIA
               ,
               is
               governed
               by
               a
               Lant-Grave
               ,
               and
               lies
               East-ward
               of
               Saxony
               ,
               South-ward
               of
               Franconia
               ,
               West-ward
               ,
               and
               North-ward
               of
               West-Phalen
               ,
               being
               a
               Mountainous
               Country
               ,
               though
               in
               many
               Parts
               ,
               there
               are
               fertile
               Plains
               ,
               which
               yield
               great
               store
               of
               Corn
               ,
               and
               Fruits
               :
               nor
               do
               the
               Mountains
               that
               rise
               by
               degrees
               
               fail
               ,
               especially
               about
               the
               skirts
               of
               them
               ,
               to
               bring
               forth
               considerable
               encrease
               ,
               and
               as
               for
               this
               Country
               ,
               at
               present
               it
               is
               divided
               into
               two
               Families
               ,
               the
               one
               of
               Cassel
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               of
               Darmstat
               ,
               being
               of
               the
               Younger
               House
               :
               As
               for
               the
               chief
               places
               that
               appertain
               to
               the
               Lantgraves
               ,
               they
               are
               Cassel
               ,
               or
               Castel
               ,
               on
               the
               River
               
                 Fuld
                 ,
                 Marpurg
              
               on
               the
               River
               Lohn
               ;
               an
               University
               founded
               
                 Anno
                 1426
              
               ,
               by
               Lewis
               Bishop
               of
               Munster
               ,
               and
               near
               it
               is
               a
               stately
               and
               well
               fortified
               Castle
               ,
               seated
               on
               a
               Hill
               ,
               high
               and
               steep
               ,
               so
               that
               it
               is
               accounted
               impregnable
               ,
               if
               well
               defended
               ;
               and
               is
               the
               chief
               Place
               of
               Residence
               in
               time
               of
               War
               ,
               or
               Danger
               ,
               giving
               a
               prospect
               of
               the
               whole
               Country
               .
               Darmstadt
               ,
               is
               another
               chief
               Town
               ,
               guarded
               by
               a
               strong
               Castle
               ,
               and
               is
               the
               Inheritance
               or
               Seat
               of
               the
               Younger
               House
               of
               the
               Lantgraves
               ;
               and
               part
               of
               this
               Country
               belongs
               to
               the
               Abbey
               of
               Fulda
               ,
               accounted
               one
               of
               the
               greatest
               Revenues
               in
               Europe
               ;
               and
               was
               founded
               by
               St.
               Boniface
               an
               
               English-man
               ,
               insomuch
               ,
               that
               the
               Ab●ot
               is
               accounted
               a
               Prince
               of
               the
               Empire
               ;
               and
               takes
               Place
               ,
               as
               Chancellor
               to
               the
               Empress
               ,
               stiling
               himself
               Primate
               of
               Gallia
               .
            
             
               
                 EAST
                 FRIESLAND
              
               ,
               has
               on
               the
               West
               ,
               the
               River
               Ems
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               ,
               the
               Ocean
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               ,
               the
               Weser
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               South
               ,
               West-Phalia
               ;
               and
               though
               it
               is
               a
               Country
               of
               no
               large
               extent
               ,
               yet
               it
               is
               in
               many
               parts
               very
               Fruitful
               ;
               and
               is
               divided
               by
               the
               River
               Ems
               only
               ,
               from
               the
               Provinces
               of
               the
               
                 Vnited
                 Netherlands
              
               ;
               and
               has
               Embden
               ,
               the
               utmost
               Borders
               of
               the
               Empire
               for
               its
               chief
               City
               ,
               pleasantly
               scituate
               ,
               and
               contains
               many
               stately
               buildings
               ,
               though
               in
               general
               they
               are
               built
               of
               Brick
               ;
               and
               the
               next
               to
               this
               is
               Oldenburg
               ,
               considerable
               for
               its
               Trade
               ,
               and
               is
               of
               it self
               an
               Earldom
               .
            
             
               WEST-PHALIA
               ,
               has
               for
               its
               boundards
               on
               the
               East
               ,
               Brunswick
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               ,
               the
               Ocean
               ;
               on
               the
               South
               ,
               Hassia
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               ,
               Belgium
               ;
               being
               a
               Country
               full
               of
               Woods
               and
               Forrests
               ,
               which
               yields
               
               them
               notwithstanding
               great
               Commodities
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               abundance
               of
               Wild
               Hogs
               found
               therein
               ;
               said
               to
               take
               their
               beginning
               from
               one
               Farrow
               ,
               which
               a
               Sow
               ,
               straying
               from
               a
               Farm-House
               ,
               cast
               in
               these
               Woods
               ;
               and
               of
               the
               Legs
               of
               these
               Hogs
               ,
               taken
               in
               great
               numbers
               ,
               are
               our
               
                 West-Phalia
                 Hams
              
               so
               much
               in
               Esteem
               &c.
               
               And
               although
               this
               Country
               is
               properly
               West-Phalia
               ;
               yet
               the
               Northern
               part
               ,
               changes
               its
               name
               to
               that
               of
               Bremen
               ;
               and
               is
               governed
               by
               a
               Bishop
               ,
               who
               is
               Lord
               of
               this
               Tract
               ;
               notwithstanding
               ,
               the
               Duke
               of
               Saxony
               claims
               a
               part
               ,
               and
               other
               parts
               are
               held
               to
               belong
               to
               the
               Bishopricks
               of
               
                 Cullen
                 ,
                 Munster
              
               ,
               and
               Triers
               :
               The
               chief
               Cities
               are
               
                 Asdrop
                 ,
                 Clappenburg
              
               ,
               and
               Exenburg
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               chief
               Towns
               under
               the
               Bishop
               of
               Munster
               ,
               they
               are
               Munster
               ,
               scituate
               on
               the
               bank
               of
               the
               River
               
                 Ems
                 ,
                 Warendrop
              
               ,
               and
               others
               ,
               and
               have
               a
               pleasant
               Country
               ,
               all
               about
               their
               Neighbourhood
               ,
               very
               Fertile
               ,
               and
               abounding
               with
               store
               of
               Corn
               and
               Cattle
               ,
               plain
               for
               the
               most
               part
               ,
               there
               being
               few
               or
               no
               considerable
               Hills
               in
               this
               Tract
               .
            
             
               CVLLEN
               ,
               or
               the
               Bishoprick
               of
               Collen
               ,
               though
               not
               large
               ,
               is
               nevertheless
               a
               very
               Fruitful
               Country
               ,
               and
               greatly
               to
               be
               desired
               ,
               whose
               Arch-Bishop
               is
               Chancellor
               of
               Italy
               ,
               and
               held
               to
               be
               the
               second
               chief
               Elector
               of
               the
               Empire
               ;
               and
               has
               in
               his
               Jurisdiction
               ,
               besides
               the
               City
               of
               Cullen
               as
               chief
               ,
               those
               of
               
                 Lintz
                 ,
                 Ernance
              
               ,
               and
               Bonna
               ,
               much
               noted
               for
               the
               Arch-Bishops
               Pallace
               ,
               held
               to
               be
               one
               of
               the
               most
               stately
               in
               the
               Empire
               .
            
             
               TRIERS
               is
               a
               Bishoprick
               of
               note
               ,
               and
               contains
               many
               fair
               Cities
               and
               Towns
               ,
               as
               Triers
               ,
               from
               whence
               it
               takes
               its
               name
               ,
               
                 Coblents
                 ,
                 Boport
              
               ,
               and
               Engers
               ,
               in
               chief
               ;
               and
               is
               pleasantly
               watered
               with
               the
               Moselle
               ,
               which
               renders
               the
               Country
               in
               its
               passage
               very
               Fruitful
               ,
               the
               Bishop
               whereof
               is
               accounted
               the
               third
               Spiritual
               Elector
               of
               the
               Empire
               .
            
             
             
               CLEVELAND
               ,
               is
               accounted
               a
               Dutchy
               ,
               and
               borders
               upon
               Gelderland
               ,
               a
               small
               Country
               ,
               yet
               as
               the
               rest
               in
               this
               Tract
               of
               Land
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               its
               commodious
               Scituation
               ,
               very
               Fruitful
               ,
               containing
               the
               Regiments
               or
               Territories
               of
               
                 Gulick
                 ,
                 Cleve
              
               ,
               and
               Berge
               :
               As
               for
               the
               Dutchy
               of
               Gulick
               ,
               it
               contains
               the
               City
               of
               Akan
               in
               chief
               ,
               and
               some
               other
               Towns
               of
               note
               ,
               with
               sundry
               pleasant
               Villages
               ,
               and
               claims
               the
               honour
               of
               the
               Emperors
               Presence
               ,
               soon
               after
               his
               Election
               ,
               as
               taking
               here
               a
               Silver
               Crown
               ,
               and
               performing
               some
               other
               customary
               Ceremonies
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               chief
               Cities
               of
               the
               Dutchy
               of
               Cleveland
               ,
               they
               are
               
                 Cleve
                 ,
                 Wesel
                 ,
                 Emmerick
                 ,
                 Calkar
                 ,
              
               and
               others
               ,
               with
               their
               Villages
               and
               Dependancies
               ;
               and
               those
               of
               the
               Dutchy
               of
               Berge
               ,
               or
               Mont
               ,
               are
               
                 Mursburg
                 ,
                 Dusledorp
                 ,
                 Hattingen
              
               ,
               very
               commodiously
               scituate
               ,
               and
               the
               whole
               Country
               watered
               with
               pleasant
               Streams
               ,
               so
               that
               the
               Soyl
               yields
               naturally
               an
               extraordinary
               increase
               to
               the
               Husbandmen
               .
            
             
               VETERAVIA
               is
               another
               Country
               of
               this
               Tract
               ,
               accounted
               a
               Province
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               lying
               to
               the
               South-West
               of
               Hassia
               ,
               somewhat
               larger
               than
               those
               lately
               mentioned
               ,
               as
               comprehending
               the
               Countrys
               of
               
                 Nassaw
                 ,
                 Hannaw
              
               ,
               and
               Friburg
               a
               Free
               City
               ;
               as
               for
               Nassaw
               it
               contains
               many
               considerable
               Towns
               ,
               and
               is
               Famous
               for
               the
               Princes
               of
               that
               House
               ,
               who
               in
               defence
               of
               the
               Netherlands
               ,
               so
               long
               opposed
               the
               Power
               of
               Spain
               ;
               and
               from
               which
               House
               ,
               the
               Illustrious
               Prince
               of
               Orange
               is
               descended
               ;
               this
               Country
               yields
               abundance
               of
               Corn
               ,
               and
               many
               Vines
               ,
               yet
               producing
               no
               great
               store
               of
               Wine
               ;
               and
               in
               them
               ,
               besides
               the
               Towns
               I
               have
               mentioned
               ,
               are
               found
               the
               Towns
               of
               
                 Dellinbourg
                 ,
                 Windeck
                 ,
                 Hebron
              
               ,
               and
               Catzenelbogen
               ,
               which
               latter
               has
               been
               accounted
               an
               Earldom
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               Nobility
               of
               Germany
               ,
               the
               Title
               descends
               to
               all
               the
               Sons
               ,
               which
               makes
               them
               numerous
               ,
               though
               the
               Younger
               Houses
               want
               for
               the
               most
               part
               
               Estates
               to
               support
               them
               ;
               and
               thus
               much
               briefly
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               and
               its
               dependencies
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             Sweedland
             Described
             ,
             in
             its
             Countryes
             and
             Provinces
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             SWEEDEN
             ,
             or
             Sweedland
             ,
             is
             a
             Famous
             Northern
             Country
             ,
             renowned
             for
             its
             many
             great
             Enterprizes
             ,
             and
             Undertakings
             ;
             and
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             West
             with
             the
             Dosrin
             Hills
             ,
             dividing
             it
             from
             Norway
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             Frozen
             Ocean
             ;
             on
             the
             South
             with
             
               Denmark
               ,
               Leifland
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Baltick
             Sea
             ,
             taking
             ,
             as
             many
             hold
             ,
             its
             Name
             from
             
               Sueci
               ,
               Suetheans
            
             ,
             or
             Suethedie
             ;
             and
             is
             in
             length
             from
             Stockholm
             to
             the
             Borders
             of
             
               Lapland
               1000
               Itali●n
            
             Miles
             ,
             and
             about
             600
             in
             breadth
             ,
             reaching
             in
             a
             manner
             ,
             from
             the
             first
             Parallel
             of
             the
             Twelfth
             Clime
             where
             the
             Pole
             is
             elevated
             38
             Degrees
             ,
             and
             26
             Mi●nutes
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             to
             the
             71
             degrees
             of
             Latitude
             ,
             〈◊〉
             which
             account
             ,
             the
             longest
             day
             in
             the
             Souther●
             point
             ,
             exceeds
             not
             18
             Hours
             ,
             though
             in
             the
             ex●treamest
             Northern
             parts
             ,
             they
             have
             scarcely
             〈◊〉
             Night
             for
             Two
             Months
             ;
             and
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             tho●g●
             posited
             in
             an
             extream
             cold
             Region
             ,
             is
             notwithstand●ing
             kept
             so
             warm
             by
             the
             Mists
             that
             arise
             from
             the
             I●slands
             ,
             that
             much
             of
             the
             Rigor
             other
             Countries
             〈◊〉
             the
             same
             Latitude
             suffer
             is
             abated
             ,
             and
             is
             a
             Monarchy
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             Antientest
             in
             the
             Northern
             Parts
             〈◊〉
             the
             World
             (
             if
             their
             report
             be
             true
             who
             boa●
             th●
             immediate
             Succession
             ,
             from
             above
             100
             Kings
             ;
             an●
             that
             the
             first
             amongst
             them
             was
             the
             Son
             of
             Japhet
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             Sons
             of
             
               Noah
               .
            
             )
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             Kings
             of
             Sweedland
             ,
             they
             stile
             themselves
             Kings
             of
             
               Sweeds
               ,
               Vandals
               ,
               Goths
            
             ;
             great
             Princes
             of
             Finland
             ,
             Dukes
             of
             Estonia
             and
             Carolia
             ;
             Lords
             of
             Ingria
             ,
             and
             bear
             three
             Royal
             Crowns
             for
             their
             Arms
             ;
             and
             the
             present
             King
             of
             this
             Country
             is
             
             Charles
             the
             11.
             of
             the
             Family
             of
             the
             Palatine
             of
             Deuxponts
             ;
             as
             for
             the
             Soil
             (
             by
             the
             industry
             of
             the
             people
             )
             it
             is
             render'd
             exceeding
             fertile
             ,
             and
             the
             Air
             very
             healthful
             ;
             unless
             in
             places
             where
             the
             Moorish
             damps
             arise
             from
             Fenns
             ,
             by
             the
             neglect
             of
             not
             opening
             the
             Water
             course
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             Inhabitants
             generally
             live
             to
             an
             extream
             old
             Age
             :
             And
             as
             for
             the
             Country
             it
             abounds
             with
             Corn
             ,
             Cattle
             ,
             Fruits
             and
             Minerals
             as
             Silver
             ,
             Copper
             ,
             Lead
             :
             There
             are
             found
             considerable
             quantities
             of
             Furs
             ,
             and
             other
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             is
             divided
             into
             ,
             or
             distinguished
             by
             the
             Provinces
             of
             
               Lapland
               ,
               Gothland
               ,
               Finland
            
             ,
             and
             Sweeden
             .
          
           
             LAPLAND
             or
             LAPPIA
             is
             the
             most
             Northern
             Part
             of
             Scandia
             ,
             and
             is
             divided
             into
             the
             Eastern
             and
             Western
             parts
             :
             The
             first
             containing
             Biarmia
             and
             ●orolia
             ,
             which
             properly
             appertains
             to
             Russia
             ,
             or
             the
             Jurisdiction
             of
             the
             Czars
             of
             Muscovy
             ,
             and
             the
             latter
             comprehending
             Lappia
             and
             Scrisinia
             ,
             under
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             King
             of
             Sweeden
             ;
             and
             the
             people
             in
             many
             parts
             ,
             especially
             the
             most
             extream
             are
             Heathen
             Idolaters
             ,
             or
             such
             as
             pay
             Adoration
             to
             Creatures
             ;
             especially
             such
             as
             they
             first
             see
             in
             the
             Morning
             ,
             and
             are
             held
             to
             deal
             in
             Magick
             and
             Witchcraft
             ,
             and
             to
             sell
             Winds
             to
             Saylors
             that
             Navigate
             those
             Seas
             ;
             however
             they
             are
             miserably
             poor
             ,
             as
             living
             in
             the
             most
             barren
             part
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             and
             pay
             their
             acknowledgement
             or
             Tribute
             only
             in
             Furs
             of
             Foxes
             ,
             Martins
             &c.
             which
             tolerably
             abound
             in
             those
             parts
             ;
             and
             they
             dwell
             for
             the
             most
             part
             in
             Cotts
             ,
             where
             they
             are
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             Temperance
             very
             Healthful
             ;
             some
             of
             them
             living
             to
             140
             years
             .
          
           
             Next
             to
             the
             before
             mentioned
             Division
             is
             Finland
             ,
             between
             the
             Finland
             Bay
             and
             the
             Baltick
             Ocean
             of
             considerable
             Extent
             ,
             and
             is
             full
             of
             pleasant
             Pastures
             ,
             yielding
             very
             much
             Corn
             and
             Fruits
             ,
             and
             is
             properly
             a
             Dutchy
             which
             some
             of
             the
             Sweedish
             
             Kings
             were
             wont
             to
             assign
             ,
             for
             the
             security
             of
             their
             Brothers
             Portions
             ;
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             Cities
             Albo
             ,
             a
             Bishops
             See
             ,
             Viburg
             or
             Viborch
             ,
             a
             Fortress
             of
             considerable
             Strength
             ;
             
               Narve
               ,
               Rangia
            
             and
             Castle-Helm
             ,
             and
             near
             a
             place
             called
             Razeburg
             ;
             in
             this
             Country
             is
             a
             Province
             in
             which
             the
             Needle-touch
             by
             a
             Load-stone
             keeps
             continually
             turning
             .
          
           
             GOTHLAND
             held
             to
             be
             the
             Birth-place
             of
             the
             antient
             Goths
             ,
             is
             accounted
             one
             of
             the
             most
             fertil
             Provinces
             appertaining
             to
             this
             Monarchy
             ,
             participating
             both
             of
             Island
             and
             Continent
             ;
             as
             being
             divided
             into
             both
             the
             Islands
             ,
             lying
             in
             the
             Baltick
             Sea
             ,
             being
             the
             biggest
             in
             these
             parts
             ,
             containing
             five
             or
             six
             commodious
             Ports
             ;
             and
             on
             some
             of
             the
             Rocks
             appear
             yet
             divers
             Inscriptions
             (
             by
             way
             of
             Monuments
             )
             in
             the
             Antient
             Gothish
             Characters
             ,
             one
             Isle
             being
             18
             miles
             in
             length
             ,
             and
             5
             in
             breadth
             ;
             and
             as
             for
             what
             is
             of
             this
             Province
             ,
             on
             the
             main
             Land
             ,
             it
             is
             posited
             in
             the
             hithermost
             part
             of
             Scandia
             bordering
             on
             Denmark
             ,
             where
             is
             Seated
             the
             noted
             City
             of
             Norkoping
             ,
             commodiously
             on
             the
             Sea
             ,
             the
             place
             from
             when
             abundance
             of
             Copper
             is
             brought
             :
             Loduvisa
             a
             place
             much
             traded
             to
             ,
             Colmar
             ,
             fortified
             with
             a
             very
             strong
             Castle
             ,
             Waldburg
             and
             others
             ,
             and
             is
             in
             all
             parts
             very
             fruitful
             ;
             so
             that
             it
             is
             called
             by
             many
             of
             the
             
               Sweeds
               Goodland
            
             ,
             instead
             of
             Gothland
             .
          
           
             SWEDLAND
             properly
             so
             called
             ,
             though
             contributing
             its
             name
             in
             general
             to
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Provinces
             is
             fertil
             in
             many
             parts
             ;
             but
             it
             holds
             not
             throughout
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             many
             Rocks
             and
             barren
             Hills
             ,
             and
             the
             chief
             City
             is
             Stockholm
             ,
             or
             Holmia
             ,
             defended
             with
             a
             Castle
             Royal
             on
             a
             Sea
             Port
             ,
             at
             the
             Mouth
             of
             the
             Lake
             Meler
             ,
             which
             some
             of
             the
             Sweedish
             Kings
             designed
             to
             cut
             into
             the
             Wenner
             ,
             or
             Lake
             ,
             thereby
             to
             have
             joyned
             the
             Baltick
             and
             the
             Ocean
             ,
             frustrating
             thereby
             the
             Passage
             of
             the
             Sound
             ,
             but
             it
             proved
             a
             Work
             of
             so
             much
             Difficulty
             ,
             
             that
             it
             was
             laid
             aside
             ;
             and
             this
             Lake
             is
             held
             to
             receive
             Twenty
             Four
             Rivers
             ,
             and
             disburthens
             it self
             with
             such
             noise
             and
             fury
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             by
             some
             called
             
               Devils
               Mouth
            
             :
             But
             as
             for
             the
             Kings
             Ships
             ,
             and
             Vessels
             of
             great
             Burthen
             ,
             they
             generally
             lye
             at
             Elsenore
             ,
             defended
             by
             a
             strong
             Castle
             ,
             and
             so
             shelter'd
             from
             the
             Wind
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             lye
             without
             Anchors
             .
             Vpsal
             contains
             the
             Metropolitan
             Church
             ,
             where
             the
             Kings
             are
             usually
             Crowned
             ,
             and
             formerly
             held
             their
             Court
             ;
             and
             is
             a
             University
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             the
             most
             remarkable
             
               Mart
               ;
               Carlstat
            
             upon
             the
             Wenner
             ,
             abounds
             with
             Brass
             and
             Copper
             :
             Strongues
             is
             a
             Bishops
             See.
             
          
           
             There
             are
             yet
             two
             other
             Provinces
             ,
             or
             Divisions
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ;
             viz.
             Livonia
             ,
             by
             the
             Germans
             called
             Liefland
             and
             Ingria
             ,
             vulgarly
             Ingermanland
             ;
             the
             first
             deliver'd
             by
             the
             Poles
             upon
             treaty
             ,
             and
             the
             last
             taken
             from
             the
             Muscovites
             ,
             and
             are
             both
             of
             them
             indifferently
             fruitful
             ,
             and
             have
             in
             them
             many
             considerable
             Villages
             and
             some
             Towns
             of
             note
             .
          
           
             The
             Commodities
             of
             these
             Countries
             ,
             in
             general
             are
             Copper
             ,
             Brass
             ,
             Lead
             ,
             Ox-hides
             ,
             Tallow
             ,
             Furs
             ,
             Goat-skins
             ,
             Elks-skins
             ,
             the
             Skins
             of
             Deer
             ;
             Honey
             ,
             Allom
             ,
             Corn
             ;
             and
             in
             many
             places
             there
             are
             Silver
             Mines
             ,
             but
             of
             no
             consider
             able
             advantage
             .
             The
             men
             are
             Active
             ,
             Naturally
             strong
             ,
             indifferent
             good
             Seamen
             ,
             and
             resolute
             Soldiers
             ;
             Industrious
             ,
             Ingenious
             ,
             and
             very
             courteous
             to
             strangers
             ;
             and
             had
             the
             Christian
             Faith
             first
             planted
             amongst
             them
             ,
             by
             Ausgarius
             Arch-Bishop
             of
             Bremen
             ;
             and
             in
             matters
             of
             Judicature
             ,
             or
             deciding
             Controversies
             ,
             each
             respective
             Territory
             has
             its
             Viscount
             ,
             every
             Province
             its
             Lans-men
             ,
             or
             Consul
             ,
             and
             every
             Town
             it's
             Lay-man
             or
             Consul
             ;
             and
             there
             lyeth
             an
             Appeal
             from
             the
             Consul
             to
             the
             Laymen
             ,
             and
             from
             the
             Lay
             men
             to
             the
             Viscount
             ,
             and
             from
             him
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             in
             whose
             only
             power
             it
             is
             absolutely
             to
             determine
             the
             matter
             .
             As
             for
             the
             Women
             they
             are
             generally
             
             well
             featured
             ,
             proper
             in
             person
             ,
             very
             modest
             and
             courteous
             ,
             loving
             to
             their
             Husbands
             ,
             and
             affable
             to
             strangers
             .
          
        
         
           
             A
             Description
             of
             Denmark
             ,
             in
             its
             Countries
             ,
             Provinces
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               DENMARK
               ,
               Quasi
               ,
               Danes-Mark
            
             ,
             comprehending
             its
             intire
             Circuit
             or
             Territories
             ,
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             the
             Baltick
             Sea
             ,
             and
             a
             part
             of
             Sweedland
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             with
             the
             Main
             Ocean
             on
             the
             North
             East
             ,
             with
             another
             part
             of
             Sweedland
             ,
             full
             North
             with
             the
             Frozen
             Ocean
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             South
             with
             Germany
             ;
             lying
             partly
             on
             the
             North
             temperate
             Zone
             ,
             and
             partly
             within
             the
             Artick
             Circle
             ;
             extending
             from
             the
             middle
             Parallel
             of
             the
             tenth
             Clime
             ,
             or
             55
             degrees
             of
             Latitude
             ,
             where
             it
             joyneth
             to
             Germany
             ,
             and
             71
             where
             the
             Frozen
             Ocean
             bounds
             it
             ;
             the
             longest
             day
             in
             the
             most
             Southern
             parts
             ,
             being
             17
             hours
             and
             a
             quarter
             ;
             but
             for
             2
             Months
             and
             3
             Weeks
             they
             have
             no
             Night
             at
             all
             in
             the
             extream
             North
             ,
             and
             is
             commonly
             distinguished
             in
             these
             parts
             ,
             comprehending
             the
             Appendances
             .
          
           
             The
             Dukedom
             of
             Holstein
             ,
             containing
             
               Wagerland
               Dithmarsh
               ,
               Stormaria
            
             and
             Holstein
             .
             The
             Kingdom
             of
             Denmark
             containing
             the
             two
             Juitlands
             ,
             and
             the
             Hemodes
             or
             Baltick
             Islands
             ,
             and
             the
             Kingdom
             o●
             Norway
             (
             now
             in
             subjection
             to
             the
             Danes
             )
             with
             the
             Islands
             in
             the
             North
             Sea
             ,
             &c.
             that
             properly
             belong
             to
             it
             ;
             and
             of
             these
             in
             their
             order
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Cimbrick
               Chersonese
            
             ,
             in
             which
             the
             two
             Juitlands
             ,
             and
             the
             Dukedom
             of
             Holstein
             are
             contained
             ,
             is
             in
             length
             120
             miles
             ,
             and
             in
             breadth
             80
             ,
             and
             accounted
             to
             have
             within
             that
             Tract
             of
             Land
             ;
             being
             in
             a
             manner
             a
             
               Peninsula
               ,
               20
            
             Royal
             Castles
             and
             Pallaces
             ;
             28
             Cities
             of
             note
             ;
             4
             Bishop
             Sees
             ,
             and
             a
             
             considerable
             number
             of
             Villages
             ;
             in
             many
             places
             very
             Fruitful
             ,
             and
             affording
             sundry
             curious
             Havens
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             South
             East
             is
             Wagerland
             ,
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             Towns
             Hamburg
             on
             the
             
               Elbe
               .
               Lubeck
            
             seated
             on
             the
             confluence
             of
             the
             Trave
             and
             Billew
             ,
             near
             the
             fall
             of
             that
             River
             into
             the
             Baltick
             Sea
             ;
             much
             traded
             to
             by
             sundry
             Merchants
             ,
             where
             they
             find
             great
             store
             of
             the
             Commodities
             of
             those
             Countries
             which
             are
             accounted
             the
             most
             fertile
             .
          
           
             Dithmarsh
             spreads
             the
             West
             side
             of
             the
             Chersonesus
             ,
             Scituate
             between
             the
             River
             Albis
             and
             Endera
             ,
             giving
             Title
             to
             the
             Eldest
             Son
             of
             the
             King
             of
             Denmark
             ,
             and
             has
             Meldrop
             and
             Marnes
             for
             its
             principal
             Towns
             ;
             and
             although
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             many
             Marishes
             and
             Moorish
             grounds
             ,
             the
             soil
             in
             many
             places
             is
             not
             commodious
             for
             Tillage
             ,
             yet
             nevertheless
             it
             feeds
             great
             store
             of
             Cattle
             .
          
           
             STORMARIA
             or
             STORMARSH
             lying
             betwen
             the
             River
             Elbe
             ,
             and
             the
             Rivers
             Billew
             and
             Store
             ,
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             Towns
             Crampe
             on
             the
             Bank
             of
             a
             little
             River
             of
             the
             same
             name
             ,
             falling
             into
             the
             Store
             ,
             and
             is
             well
             fortified
             and
             reckoned
             one
             of
             the
             Keys
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ;
             nor
             less
             noted
             for
             the
             great
             resistance
             it
             made
             against
             Walestein
             the
             Imperial
             General
             ;
             who
             's
             powerful
             Army
             it
             resisted
             13
             Months
             ,
             and
             at
             last
             brought
             him
             to
             good
             terms
             of
             Composition
             .
             Tychenburgh
             on
             the
             Banks
             of
             the
             River
             
               Elbe
               ;
               Bredenburg
               ,
               Jetzebo
               ,
               Gulick●tadt
            
             and
             others
             .
          
           
             South
             Juitland
             ,
             or
             the
             Dukedom
             of
             Sleswick
             ,
             is
             that
             part
             of
             the
             Chersonesus
             that
             lyes
             next
             to
             Holstein
             ;
             having
             for
             its
             chief
             Towns
             ,
             Fleusburg
             on
             the
             Baltick
             shoar
             Scituate
             amongst
             high
             Mountains
             :
             Sleswick
             on
             the
             River
             Slea
             ;
             from
             which
             the
             Dukedom
             of
             Sleswick
             has
             its
             name
             ,
             Goterp
             and
             Londen
             a
             Haven
             Town
             upon
             the
             Banks
             of
             the
             River
             Ender
             .
          
           
             North
             Juitland
             is
             the
             most
             Northern
             part
             of
             the
             Ch●rsonesus
             and
             has
             for
             it's
             chief
             Towns
             
               Halne
               ,
               Rircopen
               ,
               
               Arhausen
            
             and
             Nicopen
             ;
             the
             soil
             very
             Fruitful
             ,
             and
             much
             abounding
             with
             Wheat
             ,
             Barly
             ,
             Rice
             ;
             store
             of
             Cattle
             ,
             producing
             Butter
             and
             Cheese
             in
             great
             abundance
             ;
             and
             able
             Horses
             for
             War
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             service
             ,
             here
             are
             also
             found
             Rich
             Furs
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             those
             that
             are
             called
             the
             Baltick
             Islands
             ;
             properly
             belonging
             to
             the
             King
             of
             Denmark
             though
             they
             are
             35
             in
             number
             dispersed
             in
             the
             Baltick
             Sea
             ,
             many
             of
             them
             are
             Inconsiderable
             ,
             and
             some
             not
             Inhabited
             ;
             the
             chief
             are
             
               Zeland
               ,
               Fionia
            
             ,
             or
             
               Funen
               ;
               Arsen
            
             or
             
               Aria
               ,
               Langland
               ,
               Laland
               ,
               Falster
               ,
               Mone
               ,
               Heuen
            
             or
             Wern
             ,
             Island
             and
             Bornholme
             ;
             of
             which
             only
             the
             first
             is
             very
             considerable
             ,
             as
             having
             in
             it
             13
             Cities
             ,
             the
             chief
             of
             which
             is
             Copenhagen
             the
             Residence
             of
             the
             Danish
             Kings
             ;
             where
             the
             Regal
             Pallace
             ,
             though
             not
             very
             stately
             ,
             is
             seated
             ;
             and
             is
             a
             City
             of
             considerable
             Trade
             ,
             though
             the
             Buildings
             are
             generally
             mean
             ,
             as
             Erected
             of
             Loam
             and
             Timber
             ;
             there
             is
             a
             Market
             constantly
             kept
             ,
             and
             is
             the
             only
             University
             within
             the
             Government
             ;
             it
             is
             defended
             with
             a
             strong
             Wall
             and
             a
             Castle
             ,
             and
             thither
             are
             brought
             all
             sorts
             of
             Commodities
             the
             Kingdom
             affords
             .
          
           
             SCANDIA
             that
             part
             which
             appertains
             to
             Denmark
             ,
             is
             in
             the
             South
             of
             a
             Peninsula
             ,
             divided
             into
             three
             Provinces
             ;
             as
             
               Scandia
               ,
               Hallandia
            
             ,
             and
             Blescida
             ;
             the
             first
             of
             these
             is
             72
             Miles
             in
             length
             and
             48
             in
             breadth
             ,
             reckoned
             the
             most
             fruitful
             and
             pleasant
             of
             all
             the
             Countries
             lying
             about
             it
             ,
             as
             being
             on
             three
             parts
             bounded
             by
             Sea
             ,
             and
             has
             for
             its
             principal
             Towns
             ,
             Lonpen
             a
             spacious
             Haven
             .
             
               Falskerbode
               ,
               Elbogue
            
             and
             Elsinburg
             one
             of
             the
             Keys
             of
             the
             Sound
             .
          
           
             HALLANDIA
             is
             but
             a
             small
             Tract
             of
             Land
             ,
             yet
             yields
             much
             Fruits
             and
             Corn
             ▪
             many
             Cattle
             ,
             and
             lying
             South
             of
             Scania
             ,
             has
             Halaenego
             for
             its
             principal
             Town
             ,
             from
             which
             it
             seems
             to
             take
             its
             name
             ;
             and
             is
             well
             watered
             with
             pleasant
             Streams
             .
          
           
           
             BLESCIDA
             lies
             North
             of
             Sweedland
             ,
             and
             though
             it
             has
             many
             fertile
             Plains
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             generally
             Mountainous
             or
             Craggy
             hilled
             ,
             having
             for
             its
             chief
             Tradeing
             Town
             ,
             Malmogia
             and
             Colmar
             ,
             a
             strong
             Fortress
             bordering
             on
             Sweedland
             .
          
        
         
           
             A
             Discription
             of
             Norway
             .
          
           
             NORWAY
             ,
             though
             under
             the
             King
             of
             Denmark
             ,
             is
             however
             a
             Kingdom
             of
             it self
             ,
             being
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             Denmark
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             with
             the
             Ocean
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             with
             Lappia
             or
             Lapland
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             South
             with
             Sweeden
             ;
             but
             lying
             so
             much
             in
             the
             extremities
             of
             cold
             ,
             though
             it
             is
             a
             vast
             tract
             of
             Land
             ,
             it
             is
             for
             the
             most
             part
             Rocky
             ,
             Mountainous
             and
             Barren
             ,
             not
             being
             furnished
             with
             stores
             of
             its
             one
             Production
             ,
             fit
             for
             the
             support
             of
             these
             few
             People
             it
             contains
             ,
             the
             greatest
             Commodity
             it
             affords
             being
             Stock-Fish
             ,
             Ship
             Masts
             ,
             Deal
             Boards
             ,
             Tackle
             for
             Shipping
             ,
             Pitch
             ,
             Tann'd
             Leather
             ,
             Train
             Oyl
             ,
             Furrs
             ,
             and
             Tallow
             .
             As
             for
             the
             Towns
             or
             Villages
             ,
             they
             are
             very
             thinn
             ,
             and
             the
             Houses
             for
             a
             great
             part
             are
             made
             of
             Dirt
             and
             Hurdles
             ,
             covered
             with
             Thatch
             ,
             and
             windowed
             with
             Lattice
             ;
             and
             the
             whole
             Country
             is
             divided
             into
             5
             Praefectures
             or
             Governments
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Number
             of
             the
             Royal
             Castles
             ,
             built
             for
             the
             defence
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             known
             by
             the
             Names
             of
             
               Bohus
               ,
               Ager-Huis
               ,
               Agger-Huse
               ,
               Trundheim
               ,
            
             and
             Ward-Huis
             .
             The
             chief
             Towns
             in
             these
             several
             Jurisdictions
             ,
             are
             Anslo
             or
             Astoia
             ,
             on
             a
             Bay
             opposite
             to
             Juitland
             ,
             an
             Episcopal
             See
             ,
             Bergen
             ,
             an
             Episcopal
             Sea
             ,
             and
             the
             ordinary
             Residence
             of
             the
             Governour
             for
             the
             King
             of
             
               Denmark
               ;
               Marstrand
            
             seated
             in
             a
             half
             Island
             amongst
             Rocks
             
               &c.
               
               Trandiheim
            
             ,
             Antiently
             Nidrosia
             an
             Arch-Bishops
             See
             who
             is
             Metropolitan
             
             of
             Norway
             ;
             and
             Ward-huis
             seated
             in
             the
             Island
             of
             Ward
             ;
             and
             although
             the
             Country
             (
             abounding
             with
             horrid
             Woods
             ,
             and
             desolate
             Mountains
             )
             is
             naturally
             Poor
             ,
             yet
             at
             certain
             Seasons
             little
             Beasts
             ,
             about
             the
             bigness
             of
             Field
             Mice
             ,
             over-spread
             like
             Locusts
             the
             Fertile
             Parts
             of
             the
             Field
             ,
             &c.
             and
             consume
             every
             thing
             that
             's
             green
             or
             pleasant
             in
             their
             way
             ,
             and
             then
             gathering
             together
             they
             die
             in
             heaps
             ,
             thereby
             occasioning
             a
             Pestilential
             Noisomness
             ,
             that
             much
             afflicts
             the
             Inhabitants
             with
             Diseases
             ;
             and
             these
             they
             call
             Lemmers
             ,
             affirming
             them
             to
             be
             dropt
             out
             of
             the
             Clouds
             in
             Tempestuous
             Weather
             :
             Nor
             do
             the
             Whales
             ,
             that
             appear
             on
             that
             Coast
             in
             great
             number
             ,
             less
             disturb
             their
             Fishing
             Trade
             ,
             by
             the
             indangering
             the
             sinking
             of
             their
             Boats
             and
             small
             Vessels
             ;
             which
             monstrous
             Creatures
             they
             have
             lately
             found
             the
             Art
             of
             chasing
             away
             ,
             by
             throwing
             Oyl
             of
             Castor
             into
             the
             Sea
             ,
             at
             the
             Scent
             whereof
             they
             fly
             :
             And
             though
             the
             People
             are
             miserable
             Poor
             ,
             they
             nevertheless
             hate
             dishonesty
             ,
             and
             greatly
             delight
             in
             Plain
             Dealing
             .
          
        
         
           
             A
             Description
             of
             Russia
             ,
             comprehending
             the
             Dukedom
             of
             Muscovy
             .
          
           
             THIS
             large
             Tract
             of
             Land
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             West
             with
             Livonia
             and
             Finland
             ;
             on
             the
             East
             with
             Tartary
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             by
             the
             
               Frozen
               Ocean
            
             ,
             and
             part
             of
             Lapland
             ;
             on
             the
             South
             with
             
               Lithuania
               ,
               ●rim
               Taytary
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Euxine
             Sea
             ;
             and
             is
             accounted
             in
             its
             greatest
             length
             from
             East
             to
             West
             3300
             Miles
             ,
             and
             in
             breadth
             3065
             ,
             being
             subject
             to
             the
             Czar
             of
             Muscovy
             ,
             or
             great
             Duke
             ,
             who
             notwithstanding
             stiles
             himself
             Emperor
             of
             Russia
             ,
             or
             Russland
             ,
             which
             is
             part
             in
             Europe
             ,
             and
             part
             in
             Asia
             ,
             divided
             by
             the
             River
             Tanais
             ,
             the
             boundard
             of
             two
             parts
             of
             the
             World.
             
          
           
           
             The
             chief
             City
             is
             Mosco
             ,
             the
             Seat
             of
             the
             great
             Duke
             ,
             and
             the
             Patriarch
             ,
             and
             of
             most
             of
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             being
             very
             large
             ,
             though
             not
             stately
             ;
             there
             are
             besides
             this
             of
             note
             ,
             Roscovia
             ,
             and
             Novograd
             ,
             Archepiscopal
             Sees
             ,
             
               Vologda
               ,
               Smolensko
            
             ,
             and
             Plescovia
             ,
             held
             to
             be
             the
             only
             walled
             Town
             in
             
               Muscovy
               ,
               Vstium
               ,
               Mosayce
            
             ,
             St.
             
               Nicholas
               ,
               Sugana
               ,
               Gragapolis
            
             ,
             and
             the
             chief
             Maritime
             Port
             is
             Arch-Angel
             ,
             seated
             in
             the
             proper
             Russia
             ,
             whither
             our
             Merchants
             Trade
             ,
             and
             the
             Russia
             Company
             have
             a
             Factory
             ,
             the
             Country
             yielding
             store
             of
             Furrs
             ,
             as
             Sables
             ,
             White
             Fox
             ,
             Martins
             ,
             Black
             Fox
             ,
             Honey
             ,
             Wax
             ,
             Cattle
             ,
             Tallow
             ,
             Red
             Deer-skins
             ,
             Hides
             ,
             Hemp
             ,
             Flax
             ,
             Tar
             ,
             Brimstone
             ,
             Salt
             Petre
             ,
             Train
             Oyl
             ,
             Tongues
             ,
             and
             the
             like
             ;
             and
             the
             Soil
             towards
             the
             Southern
             Parts
             is
             exceeding
             Fruitful
             ,
             producing
             abundance
             of
             Corn
             ,
             and
             rich
             Pastures
             ,
             with
             Fruits
             of
             various
             Kinds
             ,
             watered
             by
             the
             River
             Volga
             ,
             that
             passes
             from
             thence
             through
             a
             part
             of
             Tartary
             ;
             but
             to
             the
             Extream
             North
             ,
             which
             lies
             in
             upward
             of
             76
             Degrees
             ,
             the
             Weather
             is
             so
             Cold
             ,
             that
             little
             but
             Rocks
             ,
             Woods
             ,
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             Ice
             are
             found
             there
             ,
             containing
             a
             Vicissitude
             of
             Light
             and
             Darkness
             ;
             for
             the
             Day
             ,
             if
             we
             have
             a
             respect
             to
             the
             Twy-light
             ,
             lasts
             six
             Months
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             part
             of
             the
             other
             six
             they
             see
             not
             the
             Sun
             ,
             but
             have
             the
             Country
             covered
             with
             Snows
             and
             during
             Frosts
             ,
             the
             Sea
             being
             never
             free
             from
             Rocks
             and
             Mountains
             of
             Ice
             ,
             over
             great
             Arms
             of
             which
             the
             Inhabitants
             pass
             with
             Wagons
             ,
             Sleads
             ,
             and
             other
             Carriages
             :
             Nor
             are
             there
             found
             any
             Inhabitants
             in
             those
             desolate
             Parts
             during
             the
             Winter
             Season
             ,
             but
             in
             that
             little
             Summer
             they
             have
             ,
             the
             Shepherds
             and
             Fishermen
             ,
             set
             up
             Hutts
             or
             Tents
             ,
             though
             in
             the
             Woods
             on
             this
             Coast
             ,
             are
             the
             tallest
             Trees
             in
             Europe
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             of
             this
             Country
             are
             Thick
             ,
             not
             tall
             ,
             but
             rather
             square
             ,
             habiting
             themselves
             in
             Furrs
             ,
             course
             Cloth
             ,
             and
             Feeding
             to
             excess
             ,
             given
             greatly
             to
             Drinking
             ,
             though
             it
             be
             strictly
             forbid
             ,
             and
             are
             generally
             False
             and
             Perfidious
             ,
             nor
             regarding
             their
             Words
             ,
             but
             studying
             to
             Over-reach
             ,
             or
             Cozen
             all
             they
             can
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             being
             in
             other
             Countries
             ,
             they
             strive
             to
             dissemble
             their
             own
             ,
             the
             better
             to
             be
             Credited
             :
             The
             Women
             are
             tolerably
             handsome
             ,
             well
             Limbed
             and
             Proportioned
             ,
             and
             have
             a
             strange
             Custom
             amongst
             them
             ,
             not
             to
             think
             their
             Husbands
             either
             Love
             or
             Regard
             them
             ,
             unless
             they
             once
             or
             twice
             a
             day
             Cudgel
             their
             Sides
             .
             Their
             Religion
             in
             most
             things
             agrees
             with
             that
             of
             the
             Greek
             Church
             ,
             not
             making
             any
             acknowledgment
             to
             the
             Pope
             ,
             or
             See
             of
             Rome
             ,
             but
             have
             a
             Patriarch
             of
             their
             own
             ,
             to
             whom
             all
             their
             Ecclesiasticks
             submit
             :
             And
             as
             for
             the
             Government
             it
             is
             absolute
             ,
             the
             Czar
             ,
             who
             is
             by
             the
             People
             in
             extraordinary
             Esteem
             and
             Veneration
             ,
             having
             in
             his
             Hands
             the
             Power
             of
             Life
             and
             Death
             ,
             disposing
             at
             his
             Pleasure
             both
             of
             the
             Body
             and
             Goods
             of
             his
             Subjects
             ,
             and
             is
             seldom
             out
             of
             War
             with
             the
             Tartars
             ,
             a
             Roving
             People
             that
             border
             upon
             the
             most
             Fruitful
             part
             of
             his
             Country
             ;
             and
             though
             the
             Armies
             of
             the
             Muscovites
             are
             generally
             numerous
             ,
             yet
             are
             they
             composed
             for
             the
             most
             part
             of
             stragling
             People
             ,
             and
             seldom
             answer
             in
             valour
             the
             least
             that
             may
             be
             expected
             from
             them
             ,
             as
             has
             not
             only
             in
             times
             past
             ,
             but
             lately
             been
             manifest
             ,
             and
             the
             reason
             is
             ,
             because
             they
             go
             poor
             ,
             and
             unfurnished
             into
             the
             Field
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             A
             Description
             of
             Poland
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             POLAND
             is
             a
             very
             considerable
             Kingdom
             ,
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             the
             River
             Boristhenes
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             with
             the
             Vistula
             ;
             on
             the
             South
             with
             Hungary
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             Baltick
             Sea
             ;
             and
             is
             for
             the
             most
             part
             plain
             and
             level
             ,
             tho'
             in
             some
             places
             there
             are
             little
             rising
             Hills
             ,
             abounding
             with
             Woods
             ,
             and
             is
             properly
             divided
             into
             the
             Provinces
             of
             
               Livonia
               ,
               Lithuania
               ,
               Volhinia
               ,
               Samogitia
               ,
               Prussia
               ,
               Massovia
               ,
               Podalia
               ,
               Russia
               Nigri
               ,
               Podlassia
               ,
            
             and
             Poland
             ;
             and
             the
             chief
             Cities
             are
             ,
             Guesna
             ,
             an
             Archiepiscopal
             See
             ,
             
               Posnavia
               ,
               Cadissia
               ,
               Siradia
               ,
               Vladistavia
               ,
               Crac●via
               ,
            
             and
             Caminiec
             ;
             the
             latter
             in
             the
             Possession
             of
             the
             Turks
             ,
             who
             hold
             it
             as
             their
             Frontier
             in
             those
             parts
             ;
             and
             in
             Cracovia
             is
             a
             famous
             University
             .
          
           
             The
             Buildings
             in
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             the
             Provinces
             that
             compose
             it
             ,
             are
             for
             the
             most
             part
             of
             Timber
             and
             Loam
             ;
             the
             Land
             full
             of
             Forrests
             ,
             with
             many
             Rivers
             ,
             yielding
             notwithstanding
             abundance
             of
             Corn
             ,
             but
             is
             defective
             in
             Wine
             ;
             Honey
             and
             Wax
             ,
             are
             likewise
             found
             in
             great
             store
             ,
             with
             Fruits
             of
             divers
             Kinds
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             Number
             of
             Cattle
             and
             wild
             Beasts
             ;
             there
             are
             also
             Salt-pits
             ,
             and
             in
             some
             places
             Mines
             of
             Brimstone
             ,
             Copper
             and
             Iron
             .
             The
             Polanders
             are
             generally
             Tall
             ,
             well
             Proportioned
             ,
             Courteous
             ,
             and
             Pleasant
             of
             Behaviour
             ;
             their
             Garments
             are
             rich
             ,
             and
             of
             divers
             Colours
             ,
             being
             much
             conceited
             of
             their
             own
             worth
             ,
             and
             loving
             to
             be
             Praised
             ,
             or
             rather
             Flattered
             :
             As
             for
             Lithuania
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             Provinces
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             though
             it
             is
             a
             very
             large
             one
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             so
             full
             of
             Fenns
             ,
             and
             pestered
             by
             the
             over-flowing
             of
             Rivers
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             not
             currantly
             passable
             ,
             but
             when
             the
             Frosts
             are
             great
             ,
             at
             what
             time
             they
             have
             no
             hindrance
             ,
             neither
             by
             
             Rivers
             nor
             Fenns
             ,
             and
             their
             greatest
             Wealth
             consists
             in
             Cattle
             ,
             Honey
             ,
             Wax
             and
             Furrs
             :
             As
             for
             the
             Language
             generally
             spoken
             ,
             it
             is
             the
             Sclavonian
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             North
             Extremities
             ,
             where
             Villages
             and
             Towns
             are
             very
             scarce
             ,
             the
             People
             dwell
             in
             Hutts
             of
             Straw
             and
             Loam
             ,
             with
             Holes
             at
             the
             top
             of
             them
             to
             let
             in
             the
             Light
             ,
             and
             give
             vent
             to
             the
             Smoak
             ,
             living
             in
             miserable
             Poverty
             ,
             as
             do
             (
             for
             the
             major
             part
             )
             the
             Peasants
             or
             inferiour
             People
             ,
             being
             in
             a
             manner
             Slaves
             to
             the
             great
             ones
             ,
             whose
             Tenants
             they
             are
             ,
             though
             the
             Richer
             Sort
             are
             very
             Profuse
             and
             Expensive
             ,
             rather
             Prodigal
             than
             Liberal
             ,
             Impatient
             of
             Injuries
             ,
             Delicious
             in
             Diet
             ,
             and
             costly
             in
             Attire
             ,
             often
             shaving
             their
             Heads
             ,
             except
             one
             Lock
             ,
             which
             they
             preserve
             with
             great
             care
             ,
             being
             generally
             good
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             much
             Glory
             if
             they
             can
             kill
             a
             Turk
             in
             Battle
             ,
             and
             bring
             off
             his
             Head
             ,
             in
             Token
             of
             which
             ,
             they
             wear
             Feathers
             in
             their
             Caps
             .
          
           
             Theft
             in
             these
             Parts
             is
             very
             rare
             ,
             especially
             to
             be
             committed
             by
             a
             Native
             Polander
             ,
             and
             all
             Crimes
             are
             severely
             punished
             :
             As
             for
             the
             Religion
             they
             Profess
             ,
             in
             Relation
             to
             the
             Government
             ,
             it
             is
             that
             of
             the
             Romish
             Church
             ,
             though
             the
             Reformed
             way
             of
             Worship
             is
             allowed
             and
             tolerated
             ;
             and
             the
             King
             is
             of
             late
             Elective
             ;
             the
             Women
             are
             tolerably
             Fair
             and
             well
             Proportioned
             ,
             very
             Witty
             and
             Ingenious
             ,
             great
             admirers
             ,
             and
             observers
             ,
             of
             their
             Husbands
             ,
             and
             very
             neat
             in
             their
             Houses
             .
             A
             Peasant
             in
             this
             Country
             (
             unless
             in
             time
             of
             great
             Danger
             or
             Invasion
             )
             is
             not
             suffered
             to
             bear
             Arms
             ;
             and
             when
             the
             Gospel
             is
             Read
             in
             the
             Churches
             ,
             the
             Gentry
             and
             Nobility
             draw
             their
             Swords
             ,
             in
             token
             that
             they
             are
             ready
             to
             defend
             it
             with
             their
             Lives
             .
             As
             for
             the
             Circumference
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             the
             Provinces
             appertaining
             to
             it
             ,
             some
             Account
             it
             2600
             Miles
             ,
             and
             is
             Scituate
             under
             the
             8
             and
             12
             Climates
             :
             So
             that
             the
             longest
             Day
             Southward
             ,
             is
             16
             Hours
             ,
             
             and
             Northward
             18
             ;
             bordering
             upon
             it
             are
             the
             huge
             Carpathian
             Mountains
             ,
             where
             sundry
             Rivers
             have
             their
             Springs
             ,
             that
             Water
             the
             Provinces
             ,
             and
             pass
             through
             many
             Countries
             .
          
        
         
           
             A
             Description
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Hungary
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             HVNGARY
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             Fruitfullest
             Countries
             of
             Europe
             ,
             before
             Wasted
             and
             Destroyed
             by
             a
             Tedious
             War
             ,
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             Transilvania
             and
             Wallachia
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             
               Stiria
               ,
               Austria
            
             ,
             and
             Moravia
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             Carpathian
             Mountains
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             with
             Sclavonia
             ,
             and
             some
             part
             of
             Dacia
             ;
             accounted
             in
             Length
             300
             English
             Miles
             ,
             and
             109
             in
             Breadth
             ,
             lying
             in
             the
             North
             Temperate
             Zone
             ,
             between
             the
             middle
             Parallels
             of
             the
             7
             and
             9
             Climates
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             longest
             Day
             in
             the
             South
             is
             15
             Hours
             and
             a
             half
             ,
             and
             16
             in
             the
             North
             ,
             and
             was
             Anciently
             called
             Pannonia
             .
          
           
             The
             People
             of
             this
             Country
             are
             strong
             of
             Body
             ,
             boisterous
             of
             Behaviour
             ,
             and
             have
             no
             great
             regard
             to
             Liberal
             Arts
             ,
             or
             Mechanick
             Occupations
             ,
             as
             giving
             themselves
             mostly
             to
             War
             ,
             and
             taking
             it
             for
             the
             greatest
             Affront
             Imaginable
             to
             be
             esteemed
             a
             Coward
             ,
             which
             they
             find
             no
             other
             way
             to
             obliterate
             ,
             but
             by
             killing
             a
             Turk
             ,
             after
             which
             they
             have
             the
             Liberty
             of
             wearing
             a
             Feather
             ,
             as
             a
             Trophee
             of
             their
             Exploit
             ;
             and
             though
             they
             are
             extreamly
             Covetous
             ,
             they
             are
             no
             ways
             willing
             to
             Labour
             ,
             but
             rather
             desire
             to
             live
             upon
             the
             Spoil
             :
             As
             for
             the
             Females
             they
             have
             no
             claim
             to
             any
             Inheritance
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             Male
             Line
             failing
             ,
             the
             Estate
             goes
             to
             the
             common
             Treasury
             ;
             nor
             have
             the
             Daughters
             any
             other
             Portion
             given
             them
             ,
             than
             a
             Wedding
             Garment
             ,
             and
             are
             for
             the
             most
             part
             obliged
             
             to
             lie
             on
             hard
             Quilts
             ,
             till
             such
             time
             as
             they
             are
             Married
             .
             As
             for
             their
             Cities
             and
             Towns
             ,
             they
             are
             fortified
             for
             War
             ,
             as
             having
             for
             upward
             of
             two
             Hundred
             Years
             been
             Imbroiled
             with
             the
             
               Turks
               ,
               Transilvanians
            
             ;
             and
             other
             Neighbouring
             Nations
             ;
             the
             chief
             of
             which
             are
             ,
             
               Presburg
               ,
               Buda
               ,
               Belgrade
               ,
               Gran
               ,
               New-hausel
               ,
               Great
               Warradine
               ,
               Alba
               Regalis
               ,
               Raab
               ,
               Commora
               ,
               Temeswar
               ,
               Gyula
               ,
               Agria
               ,
               Esseck
               ,
               Pest
               ,
            
             &c.
             which
             have
             strugled
             with
             various
             Fortunes
             and
             Success
             ,
             though
             at
             present
             most
             of
             the
             strong
             Holds
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             through
             the
             late
             good
             success
             are
             in
             the
             Imperialists
             hands
             ;
             the
             Kingdom
             being
             Hereditary
             to
             the
             House
             of
             Austria
             ,
             of
             which
             Joseph
             the
             Emperor's
             Son
             ,
             and
             Arch-duke
             of
             Austria
             ,
             is
             now
             Crowned
             King.
             
          
           
             The
             Soil
             ,
             though
             for
             the
             most
             part
             Untilled
             ,
             is
             notwithstanding
             wonderful
             Fruitful
             ,
             yielding
             Corn
             where
             they
             Till
             it
             ,
             thrice
             in
             a
             Year
             ,
             and
             in
             some
             places
             the
             Pastures
             are
             so
             rank
             for
             want
             of
             Feeding
             ,
             that
             it
             rises
             the
             height
             of
             a
             Man
             ;
             it
             abounds
             likewise
             with
             Fruits
             of
             all
             Kinds
             ,
             especially
             abundance
             of
             Rich
             Vines
             ,
             of
             whose
             Grapes
             rich
             Wine
             is
             made
             ,
             and
             Deer
             ,
             Goats
             ,
             Hares
             ,
             Conies
             ,
             and
             wild
             Foul
             are
             here
             in
             great
             Plenty
             ,
             though
             none
             be
             forbidden
             to
             take
             them
             ;
             there
             are
             likewise
             Mines
             of
             Silver
             ,
             and
             in
             some
             places
             Gold
             is
             found
             ;
             and
             in
             time
             of
             Peace
             the
             Cattle
             so
             multiply
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             obliged
             to
             send
             great
             store
             of
             them
             into
             divers
             parts
             of
             Europe
             ,
             to
             prevent
             their
             over-running
             the
             Country
             .
          
           
             The
             Religion
             Established
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Hungary
             ,
             is
             that
             of
             the
             
               Romish
               Communion
            
             ,
             though
             at
             present
             the
             Reformed
             Worship
             is
             Tollerated
             :
             The
             chief
             Rivers
             are
             the
             Danube
             ,
             the
             Gran
             ,
             the
             Waag
             ,
             and
             the
             Nitrea
             ;
             though
             many
             other
             Water
             this
             Fruitful
             Country
             ;
             but
             for
             Mountains
             there
             are
             none
             considerable
             ,
             the
             Country
             being
             generally
             plain
             ,
             unless
             a
             few
             pleasant
             rising
             Hills
             ,
             many
             of
             
             them
             Crowned
             with
             Vines
             ;
             and
             here
             is
             the
             Famous
             Bridg
             of
             Esseck
             ,
             7
             Miles
             in
             Length
             :
             passing
             over
             3
             Rivers
             ,
             and
             divers
             Marshes
             ,
             though
             lately
             it
             has
             been
             much
             ruined
             and
             destroyed
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Description
             of
             Sclavonia
             .
          
           
             SCLAVONIA
             is
             a
             considerable
             Country
             ,
             bordering
             on
             Hungary
             ,
             which
             bounds
             it
             on
             the
             North
             ;
             as
             the
             Adriatick
             Sea
             does
             on
             the
             South
             ;
             
               Carniola
               ,
               Histria
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Seignory
             of
             Venice
             on
             the
             West
             ;
             and
             
               Servia
               ,
               Epirus
            
             ,
             and
             Macedonia
             on
             the
             East
             ;
             accounted
             in
             Length
             480
             Miles
             ,
             and
             in
             Breadth
             325
             ,
             of
             Italian
             Measure
             ,
             Scituate
             in
             the
             North
             Temperate
             Zone
             ,
             between
             the
             Middle
             Parallels
             of
             the
             6
             and
             7
             Climates
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             longest
             Day
             exceeds
             not
             15
             Hours
             and
             a
             half
             .
          
           
             This
             Country
             contains
             many
             small
             Provinces
             or
             Divisions
             ,
             as
             
               Windishland
               ,
               Croatia
               ,
               Bosnia
               ,
               Dalmatia
               ,
               Contado-Dizara
               ,
            
             and
             the
             Sclavonian
             Islands
             ;
             and
             the
             chief
             Cities
             or
             Towns
             are
             ,
             
               Zatha
               ,
               Zacaocz
               ,
               Windisgretz
               ,
               Sagona
               ,
               Ragusa
               ,
            
             scituate
             on
             the
             Adriatick
             ,
             being
             a
             place
             of
             great
             Traffick
             ,
             Sebenicum
             or
             
               Sicum
               ,
               Zara
            
             or
             
               Jadera
               ,
               Scodra
            
             or
             Scutary
             ,
             before
             which
             the
             Turks
             lost
             100000
             Men
             ,
             
               Lissa
               ,
               Gradiska
               ,
               Buman
               ,
               Novigrad
               ,
            
             and
             Sisseg
             ,
             or
             Sisseck
             ,
             with
             others
             of
             lesser
             Note
             ,
             scatter'd
             throughout
             the
             Provinces
             ,
             which
             are
             partly
             in
             the
             Hands
             of
             the
             Turks
             ,
             and
             partly
             in
             the
             Possession
             of
             the
             Imperialists
             and
             Venetians
             .
          
           
             These
             Countries
             for
             the
             most
             part
             afford
             abundance
             of
             good
             Pasture
             ,
             abound
             in
             Fruits
             ,
             and
             are
             rich
             in
             Corn
             ,
             yielding
             some
             Mines
             ,
             and
             great
             store
             of
             Cattle
             ,
             watered
             in
             many
             places
             by
             the
             
               Danube
               ,
               Save
               ,
               Drave
            
             ,
             and
             other
             Rivers
             of
             note
             ;
             and
             as
             for
             the
             People
             they
             are
             hardy
             ,
             and
             inured
             either
             to
             War
             or
             Labour
             ;
             and
             though
             they
             give
             themselves
             
             not
             much
             to
             Till
             the
             Ground
             ,
             because
             the
             Turks
             and
             Venetians
             for
             the
             most
             part
             ,
             reap
             the
             Benefit
             of
             their
             Labours
             ,
             yet
             they
             want
             nothing
             that
             is
             necessary
             for
             the
             support
             of
             Humane
             Life
             ;
             forasmuch
             as
             the
             Cattle
             and
             Sheep
             bring
             forth
             their
             Young
             twice
             in
             the
             Year
             ;
             and
             although
             Corn
             be
             but
             barely
             cast
             on
             the
             Ground
             ,
             without
             Tillage
             ,
             it
             will
             bring
             forth
             Increase
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             People
             ,
             though
             they
             are
             stubborn
             ,
             and
             much
             addicted
             to
             Pride
             ,
             yet
             are
             they
             put
             to
             many
             servile
             Labours
             ,
             by
             their
             more
             proud
             Conquerors
             ,
             who
             Lord
             it
             over
             them
             as
             if
             they
             were
             no
             other
             than
             their
             Drudges
             ;
             for
             which
             reason
             the
             Word
             Slave
             ,
             is
             derived
             from
             these
             Sclaves
             ,
             through
             the
             unmerciful
             Usage
             they
             found
             at
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             Venetians
             ,
             when
             they
             were
             first
             brought
             into
             Subjection
             by
             the
             Seigniory
             of
             Venice
             :
             As
             for
             their
             Religious
             Worship
             ,
             it
             is
             in
             most
             parts
             according
             to
             that
             of
             the
             Greek
             Church
             ,
             whose
             Patriarch
             they
             acknowledg
             Supream
             in
             Ecclesiastical
             Matters
             ;
             and
             here
             they
             permit
             their
             Women
             very
             rarely
             to
             marry
             ,
             till
             they
             are
             24
             years
             of
             Age
             ,
             nor
             the
             Men
             till
             30.
             
             And
             at
             this
             time
             ,
             the
             Venetians
             have
             3000
             Sclavonian
             Horse-men
             Inrolled
             amongst
             their
             Militia
             ,
             and
             have
             at
             all
             times
             drained
             this
             People
             to
             assist
             in
             their
             Wars
             against
             the
             Turks
             and
             neighbouring
             Christians
             :
             And
             as
             for
             the
             Native
             Sclaves
             ,
             their
             Garb
             is
             half
             Sleeved
             Gowns
             ,
             of
             violet
             Cloth
             ,
             and
             a
             Bonnet
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             much
             like
             to
             that
             of
             the
             
               Scots
               ▪
            
             shaving
             their
             Heads
             all
             but
             a
             Lock
             of
             Hair
             on
             their
             Crown
             ,
             after
             the
             Fashion
             of
             the
             Turks
             ;
             the
             Women
             likewise
             cut
             their
             Hair
             indifferent
             short
             ,
             and
             if
             so
             it
             be
             not
             naturally
             Black
             ,
             they
             use
             Art
             to
             render
             it
             of
             that
             Colour
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             A
             Description
             of
             Dacia
             ,
             in
             its
             sundry
             Principalities
             and
             Provinces
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             DACIA
             ,
             properly
             so
             held
             in
             the
             time
             of
             the
             flourishing
             Roman
             Empire
             ,
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             North
             with
             Podolia
             ,
             and
             some
             other
             part
             of
             the
             Realm
             of
             Poland
             ;
             on
             the
             South
             with
             part
             of
             Thrace
             and
             Macedonia
             ;
             on
             the
             East
             with
             the
             rest
             of
             Thrace
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             West
             with
             Hungary
             and
             Sclavonia
             ;
             held
             at
             present
             to
             comprehend
             the
             Principalities
             of
             
               Transilvania
               ,
               Moldavia
               ,
               Wallachia
               ,
               Rascia
               ,
               Servia
            
             and
             Bulgaria
             ;
             extending
             from
             the
             7
             to
             the
             10
             Clime
             ,
             so
             that
             in
             the
             most
             Southern
             parts
             ,
             the
             days
             are
             15
             hours
             3
             quarters
             at
             the
             longest
             ,
             and
             17
             in
             the
             most
             Northern
             .
          
           
             TRANSILVANIA
             the
             first
             Division
             of
             Dacia
             ,
             takes
             its
             name
             from
             its
             lying
             behind
             the
             great
             Hungarian
             Woods
             ,
             and
             is
             in
             time
             of
             Peace
             an
             exceeding
             Fruitful
             Country
             ;
             abounding
             in
             Fruits
             ,
             Corn
             ,
             Cattle
             ,
             Fish
             ,
             Salt-pits
             ,
             Stone-quarries
             ,
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             Quicksilver
             ,
             and
             other
             Metals
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             Woods
             are
             found
             many
             wild
             Bulls
             ,
             and
             wild
             Cattle
             ;
             and
             the
             Pastures
             breed
             many
             fair
             Horses
             ,
             the
             best
             for
             War
             in
             all
             those
             parts
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             Frontiers
             they
             have
             Seven
             Towers
             to
             guard
             the
             approach
             from
             Hungary
             ,
             which
             gives
             the
             Dutch
             occasion
             to
             call
             it
             Seven-Burg
             ;
             though
             the
             chief
             Towns
             are
             
               Clusenburg
               ,
               Carolstaat
               ,
               Harmanstadt
            
             ,
             and
             many
             others
             ,
             and
             are
             Governed
             by
             a
             Prince
             of
             their
             own
             ,
             who
             has
             a
             long
             time
             been
             Tributary
             to
             the
             Turks
             ;
             but
             since
             their
             late
             bad
             success
             ,
             put
             himself
             and
             his
             Country
             under
             the
             Protection
             of
             the
             Emperor
             .
          
           
             
               MOLDAVIA
               Quasi
               Maetavia
            
             ,
             said
             so
             to
             be
             called
             from
             its
             nearness
             to
             the
             Fenns
             of
             Maeotis
             ,
             is
             a
             Country
             abounding
             with
             Woods
             ,
             yet
             very
             plenteous
             in
             
             Wine
             ,
             Corn
             and
             Pastures
             ,
             producing
             great
             store
             of
             Cattle
             though
             thinly
             peopled
             ,
             by
             which
             means
             it
             is
             but
             slenderly
             Tilled
             ;
             however
             they
             have
             out
             of
             this
             small
             Province
             ,
             supplyed
             the
             great
             and
             populous
             City
             of
             Constantinople
             ,
             with
             store
             of
             Provisions
             ;
             so
             that
             together
             with
             what
             they
             send
             to
             Poland
             ,
             the
             tenth
             Peny
             ,
             by
             way
             of
             Custom
             ,
             amounts
             to
             150000
             Crowns
             yearly
             ,
             though
             the
             Gentry
             and
             Clergy
             are
             excused
             from
             paying
             any
             thing
             of
             this
             nature
             ,
             Constantinople
             receiving
             from
             hence
             every
             year
             500
             Ship
             Loads
             of
             Provision
             only
             .
          
           
             The
             chief
             Towns
             are
             Occaz●ma
             the
             Seat
             of
             the
             Vaivod
             or
             Prince
             Cotiim
             a
             strong
             Fortress
             Biolograde
             and
             Bender
             ,
             and
             has
             in
             it
             two
             Arch-Bishops
             Sees
             ;
             the
             people
             in
             Religious
             matters
             following
             the
             Traditions
             of
             the
             Greek
             Church
             .
          
           
             WALACHIA
             is
             another
             Province
             of
             Dacia
             ,
             held
             to
             derive
             its
             name
             from
             Flacous
             ,
             a
             noble
             Roman
             ,
             who
             was
             Governor
             of
             it
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Trajan
             the
             Emperor
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             people
             at
             this
             day
             speak
             a
             kind
             of
             a
             corrupt
             Latin
             or
             Italian
             ;
             and
             this
             Country
             is
             in
             length
             500
             miles
             ,
             in
             breadth
             120
             ,
             being
             for
             the
             most
             part
             plain
             and
             full
             of
             Pastures
             ,
             flourishing
             Medows
             which
             feed
             a
             great
             many
             Cattle
             ,
             and
             bring
             up
             excellent
             Horses
             for
             War
             and
             Service
             of
             any
             kind
             ;
             here
             are
             found
             likewise
             Salt-pits
             and
             Iron
             Mines
             ;
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ▪
             the
             which
             for
             fear
             it
             should
             entice
             the
             Turks
             to
             〈◊〉
             their
             Country
             ,
             they
             keep
             for
             the
             most
             part
             concealed
             ;
             they
             also
             in
             sundry
             places
             have
             store
             of
             Vines
             ,
             yielding
             plenty
             of
             Wine
             ;
             and
             have
             for
             their
             chief
             Towns
             Galatza
             on
             the
             Influx
             of
             the
             River
             Pruth
             ,
             into
             the
             
               Danube
               ;
               Frescortum
               ,
               Prai●aba
            
             ,
             and
             Zorza
             ;
             and
             is
             watered
             with
             the
             Rivers
             
               Danube
               ,
               Teln
               ,
               Alluta
               ,
               Fulmina
               ,
               Stertius
            
             and
             Herasius
             ;
             and
             is
             as
             the
             former
             ,
             Gove●
             〈…〉
             a
             
               Vai●od
               ▪
            
             and
             dependant
             in
             Religious
             ●gean
             and
             〈◊〉
             Church
             ;
             
             the
             Ecclesiastical
             Affairs
             being
             Governed
             by
             an
             Arch-Bishop
             and
             two
             Bishops
             ,
             and
             pays
             at
             this
             day
             Tribute
             to
             the
             Turks
             .
          
           
             RASCIA
             ,
             another
             Province
             of
             Dacia
             ,
             has
             in
             it
             the
             Towns
             of
             
               Bodon
               ,
               Zarnovia
               ,
               Covin
               ,
               Novebard
               ,
               Severine
               ,
               Colambes
            
             and
             Columbella
             ;
             but
             continually
             lying
             in
             the
             way
             of
             War
             ;
             the
             Turks
             and
             Tartars
             ,
             by
             their
             often
             marching
             through
             it
             ,
             have
             by
             the
             Waste
             and
             Plunder
             they
             made
             ,
             so
             impoverished
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             that
             the
             Towns
             and
             Villages
             are
             extreamly
             thin
             ;
             and
             although
             the
             Soil
             is
             in
             many
             parts
             capable
             of
             producing
             Corn
             and
             Fruits
             ,
             yet
             wanting
             men
             to
             Till
             it
             ,
             it
             produces
             nothing
             material
             ;
             nor
             are
             those
             that
             Inhabit
             it
             any
             ways
             incouraged
             to
             Manure
             the
             Fields
             ,
             as
             knowing
             others
             will
             reap
             the
             Fruits
             of
             their
             Labour
             .
          
           
             SERVIA
             is
             a
             Country
             by
             Nature
             more
             Fruitful
             ,
             and
             was
             Antiently
             very
             Rich
             and
             Flourishing
             ,
             till
             the
             Turks
             made
             themselves
             masters
             of
             it
             ,
             by
             the
             fatal
             overthrow
             of
             Lazarus
             the
             Despot
             ,
             on
             the
             plains
             of
             Cossovia
             ,
             and
             was
             well
             stored
             with
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             especially
             near
             the
             Town
             ▪
             of
             Zorbenick●
             ;
             but
             now
             they
             are
             either
             Exhausted
             ,
             or
             thrown
             in
             ,
             so
             that
             little
             advantage
             accrues
             by
             them
             ;
             and
             the
             people
             indeed
             are
             degenerated
             from
             their
             former
             manners
             and
             behaviour
             ,
             as
             being
             Rude
             ,
             Gluttonous
             ,
             and
             much
             given
             to
             Wine
             .
          
           
             Their
             principal
             Towns
             are
             
               Nissa
               ,
               Vidina
               ,
               Cra●●●
               ,
               Zorbenic
            
             and
             Semunder
             ,
             and
             the
             Province
             is
             commodiously
             watered
             by
             the
             Rivers
             
               Colubra
               ,
               Lem
               ,
               Ibra
            
             and
             Moravia
             ,
             with
             some
             others
             ,
             very
             pleasant
             and
             plentiful
             in
             many
             places
             .
          
           
             BVLGARIA
             was
             Antiently
             a
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             called
             by
             the
             
               Romans
               Missa
               Inferior
            
             ,
             as
             Servia
             was
             
               Missa
               Superior
            
             ;
             and
             is
             a
             Country
             very
             Mountainous
             and
             full
             of
             rugged
             Hills
             ,
             steep
             Rocks
             ,
             and
             fearful
             Water-falls
             ,
             taking
             its
             name
             from
             〈◊〉
             Bulgars
             a
             Scythian
             people
             ,
             who
             in
             the●●g
             with
             Woo●d
             ,
             upon
             it
             ,
             driving
             out
             
             the
             Antient
             Inhabitants
             ;
             and
             is
             divided
             from
             Thrace
             by
             the
             great
             Mountain
             Haemus
             ,
             whose
             Spurs
             and
             Branches
             in
             a
             manner
             over-run
             it
             ;
             yet
             the
             Kings
             hereof
             have
             been
             accounted
             very
             powerful
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             they
             have
             worsted
             in
             sundry
             Battles
             ,
             the
             Latin
             and
             Greek
             Emperors
             of
             Constantinople
             :
             and
             received
             the
             Christian
             Faith
             ,
             towards
             the
             end
             of
             the
             Reign
             of
             Justinian
             the
             Second
             .
          
           
             The
             places
             of
             most
             note
             are
             
               Mesembria
               ,
               Divogatia
               ,
               Axium
               ,
               Nicopolis
               ,
               Marcionopolis
               ,
            
             and
             are
             watered
             by
             the
             Danube
             ;
             which
             in
             part
             of
             this
             Country
             takes
             the
             name
             of
             Ister
             ,
             and
             is
             now
             Tributary
             to
             the
             Turks
             ;
             who
             for
             the
             most
             part
             imploy
             the
             Natives
             in
             their
             Wars
             ,
             as
             being
             very
             Valiant
             and
             Daring
             ,
          
        
         
           
             A
             Description
             of
             Greece
             ,
             in
             its
             Kingdoms
             and
             Provinces
             ,
             as
             Antiently
             it
             stood
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             GREECE
             as
             we
             now
             must
             take
             it
             ,
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             the
             
               Propontick
               ,
               Hellespont
            
             ,
             and
             Aegean
             Seas
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             with
             the
             Adriatick
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             Mount
             Haemus
             ,
             parting
             it
             from
             Servia
             and
             Bulgaria
             ,
             and
             some
             part
             of
             Illiricum
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             South
             with
             the
             Ionian
             Sea
             ;
             being
             in
             a
             manner
             a
             Peninsula
             ,
             or
             rather
             a
             half
             Island
             ,
             commodiously
             Scituate
             for
             Navigation
             ,
             and
             has
             had
             divers
             notable
             Revolutions
             ,
             being
             now
             inti●●●
             〈◊〉
             the
             possession
             of
             the
             Turks
             ,
             unless
             what
             the
             ●enetians
             have
             preserved
             ,
             or
             wrested
             from
             them
             ;
             and
             as
             this
             large
             Country
             properly
             stands
             at
             present
             ,
             I
             think
             it
             highly
             necessary
             ,
             for
             the
             better
             conveniency
             of
             describing
             it
             ,
             to
             divide
             it
             into
             respective
             Provinces
             and
             Countries
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               1.
               
               Peloponesus
               .
               2.
               
               Achaia
               .
               3.
               
               Epirus
               .
               4.
               
               Albania
               .
               5.
               
               Macedonia
               :
               6.
               
               Thrace
               ,
            
             and
             as
             for
             the
             Islands
             of
             the
             
               Ionian
               ,
               Aegean
            
             and
             Propontick
             Seas
             ;
             
             together
             with
             the
             famous
             Creet
             ,
             I
             shall
             leave
             them
             to
             a
             particular
             description
             of
             all
             the
             Islands
             of
             note
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Peloponesus
             is
             in
             a
             manner
             inclosed
             by
             the
             Sea
             ,
             only
             where
             by
             a
             small
             Isthmus
             it
             is
             joyned
             to
             the
             European
             Continent
             ,
             of
             no
             more
             than
             six
             miles
             in
             breadth
             ;
             which
             the
             Grecians
             and
             Venetians
             formerly
             fortified
             with
             a
             great
             Wall
             and
             five
             Castles
             ,
             Antiently
             called
             Hexamillium
             ;
             but
             in
             the
             Wars
             with
             Amurath
             the
             second
             Turkish
             Emperor
             they
             were
             overthrown
             ;
             and
             this
             Country
             is
             accounted
             600
             miles
             in
             circuit
             ,
             and
             though
             it
             has
             passed
             under
             divers
             names
             ,
             it
             is
             now
             called
             the
             Morea
             ,
             and
             held
             to
             be
             the
             most
             pleasant
             Country
             of
             Greece
             ,
             abounding
             in
             fruitfulness
             ,
             and
             all
             things
             necessary
             for
             the
             support
             of
             Human
             Life
             ;
             adorned
             with
             many
             goodly
             Plains
             and
             pleasant
             rising
             Hills
             ,
             furnished
             on
             every
             side
             with
             sundry
             commodious
             Ports
             and
             Havens
             ;
             and
             though
             for
             the
             bigness
             of
             it
             no
             Country
             has
             suffered
             more
             in
             the
             ruin
             of
             so
             many
             stately
             Cities
             ,
             yet
             it
             remains
             at
             this
             day
             ,
             the
             most
             populous
             and
             best
             Inhabited
             of
             all
             the
             Grecian
             Continent
             ;
             and
             near
             the
             middle
             of
             it
             ,
             in
             Laconia
             is
             the
             Mount
             Taygetus
             ,
             the
             top
             whereof
             gives
             a
             prospect
             over
             the
             whole
             Country
             ,
             which
             is
             properly
             divided
             into
             7
             Provinces
             ,
             
               viz.
               Achaia-Propria
               ,
               Elis
               ,
               Messene
               ,
               Arcadia
               ,
               Laconia
               ,
               Argolis
            
             and
             Corinthia
             .
          
           
             Achaia-Propria
             has
             on
             the
             East
             for
             its
             boundard
             Argolis
             and
             Corinth
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             the
             Ionian
             Sea
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             the
             Gulf
             of
             Lepanto
             ;
             on
             the
             South
             Elis
             ;
             so
             named
             from
             the
             Achaei
             once
             Inhabiting
             it
             ;
             the
             
               Adjuncta
               Propria
            
             being
             added
             to
             difference
             it
             from
             Achaia
             in
             the
             main
             Land
             or
             Continent
             of
             Greece
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             part
             the
             considerable
             places
             are
             Chiarenza
             Antiently
             Dymae
             ,
             Scituate
             in
             the
             most
             Western
             point
             of
             it
             ,
             on
             or
             near
             the
             
               Promontory
               ,
               Araxum
               ,
               Aegria
            
             ,
             once
             the
             chief
             City
             of
             this
             Tract
             ,
             now
             called
             
               Xilocastro
               ,
               Chaminisa
            
             ,
             Antiently
             
               Olneus
               ,
               Patreae
            
             ,
             a
             
             pleasant
             Town
             Scituate
             opposit
             to
             the
             Mouth
             of
             the
             Gulf
             Lepanto
             ;
             being
             a
             place
             of
             considerable
             Trade
             ,
             and
             most
             note
             on
             the
             Bay
             of
             Corinth
             ,
             from
             whence
             it
             is
             called
             Golfo-di-Patras
             and
             here
             the
             English
             had
             once
             a
             Consul
             for
             the
             establishment
             of
             Trade
             ,
             called
             the
             Consul
             of
             the
             Morea
             ,
             and
             is
             memorable
             for
             the
             death
             of
             St
             Andrew
             ,
             the
             Apostle
             ,
             who
             there
             suffer'd
             Martyrdom
             ;
             and
             next
             to
             these
             are
             
               Pellene
               ,
               Hellice
               ,
               Buris
            
             ,
             the
             latter
             two
             much
             ruined
             or
             rather
             sunk
             in
             the
             Sea
             by
             a
             Tempest
             ,
             about
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Battle
             of
             
               Leuctres
               ;
               Tritaea
            
             and
             Phera
             ;
             but
             the
             chief
             Town
             which
             separated
             from
             the
             rest
             ,
             we
             may
             term
             a
             Province
             is
             Sicyon
             ,
             Scituate
             in
             the
             most
             Eastern
             part
             ,
             and
             gives
             name
             to
             the
             Country
             of
             Sicyonia
             abounding
             in
             Olives
             ,
             Wine
             ,
             and
             Iron
             Mines
             ;
             the
             Inhabitants
             whereof
             count
             themselves
             the
             Antientest
             of
             Greece
             ,
             and
             have
             been
             Governed
             by
             a
             Succession
             of
             26
             Kings
             ,
             before
             they
             fell
             into
             other
             Methods
             of
             Government
             .
          
           
             The
             Country
             of
             Elis
             ,
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             Arcadia
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             with
             the
             Ionian
             Sea
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             with
             Achaia-Propria
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             South
             Messenia
             ;
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             City
             Elis
             ,
             giving
             name
             to
             the
             Province
             ,
             and
             was
             founded
             as
             some
             Historians
             have
             it
             ,
             by
             Elisha
             Son
             of
             Javan
             ,
             and
             Grandchild
             of
             Japhet
             ;
             and
             near
             unto
             it
             runs
             the
             River
             Alpheus
             :
             In
             this
             Tract
             is
             found
             Olympia
             ,
             near
             to
             which
             once
             stood
             the
             Statue
             of
             
               Jupiter
               〈◊〉
            
             60
             Cubits
             in
             heighth
             ,
             and
             every
             way
             proportionable
             ,
             composed
             of
             Gold
             and
             Ivory
             ,
             by
             Phidias
             ;
             and
             here
             were
             held
             the
             Olympic
             Games
             ,
             Instituted
             by
             Hercules
             .
          
           
             MESSENIA
             is
             seated
             in
             the
             most
             Southern
             part
             of
             the
             Peninsula
             ,
             and
             takes
             its
             name
             from
             the
             City
             of
             Messene
             Scituate
             on
             
               Sinus
               Messenaicus
            
             now
             called
             Golfo-di-Corone
             ,
             lately
             taken
             and
             posse●led
             by
             the
             Vene●ians
             ;
             in
             this
             Tract
             stood
             Pylos
             the
             chief
             City
             of
             King
             Nestor
             ,
             but
             now
             called
             Navarino
             ,
             a
             small
             
             Village
             of
             little
             note
             Metron
             or
             Methone
             ,
             is
             commodionsly
             seated
             in
             a
             half
             Island
             ,
             and
             has
             on
             the
             South
             side
             a
             capacious
             Bay
             about
             3
             miles
             over
             ,
             fit
             for
             the
             reception
             of
             great
             Vessels
             .
             Corone
             the
             City
             that
             gives
             name
             to
             the
             Golfo-di-Corone
             ,
             &c.
             
             Cyparissi
             now
             called
             Arcudia
             ,
             from
             which
             the
             Bay
             adjoyning
             takes
             its
             name
             ;
             and
             although
             this
             Province
             abounding
             with
             Corn
             ,
             Cattle
             and
             Fruits
             ,
             was
             taken
             by
             the
             Turks
             in
             the
             year
             1500
             ,
             yet
             in
             this
             last
             War
             it
             is
             mostly
             recovered
             by
             the
             Venetians
             .
          
           
             ARCADIA
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             Laconia
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             with
             Elis
             and
             Messene
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             with
             Achaia-Propria
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             South
             with
             the
             Sea
             ;
             and
             is
             said
             to
             take
             its
             name
             from
             Arcas
             the
             Son
             of
             Jupiter
             and
             Calisto
             ,
             called
             before
             that
             Pel●●gia
             ,
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             City
             Mantinia
             ;
             near
             unto
             which
             the
             Thebans
             in
             a
             mortal
             Battle
             ,
             overthrew
             the
             Spartans
             and
             Athenians
             ;
             and
             then
             Epaminondas
             that
             famous
             Leader
             received
             his
             Mortal
             wound
             .
             This
             Province
             is
             exceeding
             fertil
             ,
             abounding
             in
             Cattle
             and
             rich
             Pastures
             ,
             Fruits
             of
             sundry
             kinds
             ,
             and
             divers
             Minerals
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             for
             its
             pleasantness
             ,
             many
             curious
             fancies
             have
             been
             ●abled
             upon
             it
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             Country
             Sir
             
               Philip
               Sidney
            
             layed
             the
             Seene
             of
             his
             famous
             work
             .
          
           
             LACONIA
             has
             on
             the
             East
             and
             South
             the
             Sea
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             Arcadia
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             North
             Argolis
             ,
             Antiently
             called
             Lelegia
             ;
             and
             was
             once
             reckoned
             to
             ●ontain
             100
             Cities
             ,
             though
             now
             it
             comes
             very
             short
             of
             that
             number
             :
             The
             chief
             are
             
               Leuctres
               ,
               Amyclae
               ,
               Thulana
            
             ,
             near
             to
             which
             Hercules
             is
             said
             to
             kill
             the
             
               Hydra
               ;
               Salass●a
               ,
               Epidaurus
            
             seated
             on
             the
             Bay
             of
             Malvasia
             ,
             a
             Town
             well
             Built
             and
             Fortified
             ;
             and
             Sparta
             so
             called
             from
             Spartus
             a
             Prince
             of
             Argos
             ;
             as
             for
             this
             part
             it
             is
             wonderful
             fruitful
             ,
             and
             lies
             very
             commodious
             for
             Traffick
             and
             Navigation
             ,
             greatly
             abounding
             in
             all
             the
             Commodities
             common
             to
             Greece
             ;
             being
             pleasantly
             watered
             with
             the
             River
             
             Eurotas
             ,
             and
             other
             Streams
             of
             lesser
             note
             ;
             having
             many
             fair
             Promontories
             ,
             Bays
             ,
             and
             Havens
             .
          
           
             ARGOLIS
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             South
             with
             Laconia
             ,
             on
             the
             West
             with
             Corinthia
             and
             Achaia-Propria
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             East
             and
             North
             with
             the
             Sea
             ;
             taking
             its
             name
             from
             the
             City
             Argos
             ,
             its
             Metropolis
             ,
             once
             the
             Head
             of
             a
             famous
             Kingdom
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             City
             King
             Pyrrhus
             the
             great
             Grecian
             Conqueror
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             Victoriously
             forced
             his
             entrance
             ,
             was
             slain
             with
             a
             Tile
             thrown
             at
             him
             by
             an
             old
             Woman
             ,
             from
             the
             top
             of
             a
             House
             ;
             and
             besides
             this
             ,
             it
             has
             
               Traezan
               ,
               Tyrinthia
               ,
               Nemea
            
             ,
             and
             some
             others
             ;
             and
             grew
             in
             times
             past
             from
             a
             small
             Province
             ,
             to
             a
             powerful
             Kingdom
             ;
             being
             once
             the
             chiefest
             of
             Greece
             in
             strength
             giving
             Birth
             to
             many
             renowned
             persons
             ,
             and
             the
             most
             famed
             for
             the
             breed
             of
             Horses
             .
          
           
             CORINTHIA
             ,
             though
             but
             a
             little
             Region
             ,
             is
             yet
             nevertheless
             exceeding
             pleasant
             and
             fruitful
             ,
             lying
             towards
             the
             Istmus
             or
             neck
             of
             Land
             that
             joyns
             the
             rest
             of
             Greece
             to
             Peloponesus
             ,
             between
             
               Argolis
               ▪
            
             and
             
               Achaia
               Propria
            
             ;
             containing
             only
             the
             Territories
             of
             Corinth
             ,
             and
             the
             chief
             Towns
             are
             
               Cincrea
               ,
               Corinth
            
             ,
             memorable
             for
             the
             Epistles
             Saint
             Paul
             wrote
             to
             the
             Inhabitants
             ;
             commodiously
             Scituate
             for
             the
             command
             of
             all
             Greece
             ,
             but
             that
             the
             Inhabitants
             give
             themselves
             more
             to
             Merchandise
             than
             War
             ;
             and
             although
             it
             has
             been
             a
             long
             time
             in
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             Turks
             ,
             it
             was
             the
             last
             year
             taken
             by
             the
             Venetians
             ;
             and
             is
             Seated
             on
             the
             bottom
             of
             the
             neck
             or
             Istmus
             ,
             the
             Ionian
             Sea
             being
             on
             the
             West
             ,
             and
             the
             Aegean
             on
             the
             East
             ,
             washing
             its
             walls
             ;
             and
             makeing
             on
             each
             side
             a
             Capacious
             Haven
             ,
             and
             was
             formerly
             exceedingly
             Fortified
             but
             of
             latter
             times
             the
             Security
             the
             Turks
             supposed
             themselves
             in
             ,
             on
             that
             part
             of
             their
             Empire
             ,
             made
             them
             little
             mind
             keeping
             it
             from
             running
             to
             decay
             .
          
           
           
             And
             thus
             much
             may
             briefly
             suffice
             ,
             as
             for
             that
             part
             of
             Greece
             called
             Peloponesus
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             other
             Achaia
             ,
             it
             is
             properly
             divided
             into
             
               Attica
               ,
               Megaris
               ,
               Baetia
               ,
               Phocis
               ,
               Aetolia
               ,
               Doris
               ,
               Locris
            
             ;
             and
             the
             chief
             City
             accounted
             amongst
             these
             is
             Athens
             ,
             once
             the
             head
             of
             a
             famous
             Common-wealth
             ,
             and
             sometime
             a
             Kingdom
             ;
             and
             is
             Seated
             very
             advantagiously
             ,
             making
             a
             Port
             into
             the
             Sea
             ,
             and
             was
             once
             the
             Mistriss
             of
             Arts
             and
             Arms
             ;
             and
             in
             St.
             Pauls
             time
             ,
             who
             wrote
             his
             first
             and
             second
             Epistle
             from
             hence
             to
             the
             Thessalonians
             a
             very
             flourishing
             City
             ,
             but
             by
             the
             Wars
             and
             Misfortunes
             it
             has
             sustained
             ,
             is
             now
             only
             noted
             ,
             for
             what
             it
             has
             been
             ,
             more
             than
             for
             what
             it
             is
             .
          
           
             MEGARIS
             is
             but
             a
             small
             Region
             ,
             yet
             very
             pleasant
             and
             much
             abounding
             in
             Corn
             and
             Fruits
             ,
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             City
             Magaria
             .
          
           
             BAETIA
             is
             much
             larger
             than
             the
             former
             ,
             and
             was
             once
             all
             the
             Dominion
             or
             Kingdom
             of
             Thebes
             ,
             that
             famous
             City
             ,
             so
             much
             noted
             to
             be
             built
             by
             Cadmus
             the
             Phaenician
             ,
             being
             the
             Metropolis
             :
             and
             in
             this
             Tract
             are
             found
             likewise
             Aulis
             and
             Platea
             ,
             and
             is
             watered
             with
             divers
             pleasant
             streams
             .
          
           
             PHOCIS
             is
             memorable
             for
             the
             Mountain
             Parnassus
             ,
             and
             was
             much
             noted
             for
             the
             Temple
             of
             Apollo
             at
             the
             foot
             of
             it
             ,
             but
             now
             that
             stately
             Structure
             where
             the
             Delphic
             Oracle
             gave
             Answers
             is
             ruined
             ,
             and
             scarcely
             any
             part
             of
             it
             remaining
             .
          
           
             AETOLIA
             is
             another
             considerable
             part
             of
             this
             Tract
             ,
             divided
             by
             the
             River
             Pindus
             from
             Epirus
             ;
             once
             a
             country
             of
             great
             note
             ,
             and
             full
             of
             Towns
             and
             places
             of
             strength
             ,
             but
             now
             retains
             at
             present
             few
             of
             note
             except
             Chalcis
             and
             Thermum
             ;
             however
             the
             whole
             Country
             is
             pleasant
             ,
             abounding
             in
             Pastures
             ,
             watered
             with
             many
             Rivers
             ,
             yielding
             some
             Mines
             ,
             and
             great
             store
             of
             Cattle
             .
          
           
           
             LOCRIS
             though
             it
             is
             but
             a
             small
             Region
             ,
             yet
             lies
             Commodiously
             on
             the
             Sea
             Coast
             ,
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             Town
             Lepanto
             ;
             in
             sight
             of
             which
             was
             fought
             the
             famous
             Battle
             or
             Sea
             fight
             ,
             between
             the
             
               Turks
               ,
               Venetians
            
             ,
             and
             consederate
             Christians
             ;
             in
             which
             29000
             of
             the
             Turks
             were
             killed
             ,
             4000
             taken
             Prisoners
             ,
             140
             Gallies
             Burnt
             ,
             Taken
             ,
             and
             Sunk
             ,
             and
             1200
             Christian
             Slaves
             rescued
             ,
             in
             the
             year
             1571.
             and
             as
             for
             the
             Trade
             here
             ,
             it
             consists
             in
             Leather
             ,
             Oyl
             ,
             Tobacco
             ,
             Furrs
             ,
             Wheat
             ,
             Barly
             ,
             Rice
             ,
             &c.
             
             And
             is
             again
             in
             the
             Possession
             or
             under
             the
             Power
             of
             the
             Venetians
             .
          
           
             DORIS
             is
             a
             small
             Province
             bounding
             upon
             ,
             or
             rather
             appertaining
             to
             Locris
             ,
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             Town
             or
             City
             ,
             Amphissa
             ,
             bordering
             upon
             the
             Mountain
             Parnassus
             ;
             here
             is
             also
             found
             Guidas
             ,
             where
             the
             stately
             Temple
             of
             Venus
             stood
             ,
             and
             where
             St.
             Paul
             continued
             a
             long
             time
             :
             And
             as
             for
             this
             Tract
             it
             is
             very
             Pleasant
             and
             Fruitful
             ,
             watered
             with
             small
             Rivers
             ,
             but
             none
             of
             note
             .
          
           
             Epirus
             ,
             was
             once
             a
             Famous
             Kingdom
             ,
             of
             which
             Pyrrhus
             (
             who
             Invaded
             the
             Romans
             in
             Italy
             )
             was
             King
             ,
             but
             more
             memorable
             for
             being
             under
             the
             Regency
             of
             the
             great
             Scanderbeg
             ,
             who
             with
             a
             handful
             of
             Men
             stood
             out
             against
             the
             whole
             Power
             of
             the
             Turkish
             Empire
             ,
             in
             the
             Reigns
             of
             Amurath
             the
             Second
             ,
             and
             Mahomet
             the
             great
             ,
             defeating
             and
             destroying
             Prodigious
             Armies
             of
             the
             Infidels
             ;
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             Cities
             
               Cro●ja
               ,
               Petrela
               ,
               Petra
               ,
               Alba
               ,
            
             and
             Stelusia
             ;
             the
             Country
             is
             very
             Fruitful
             ,
             tho'
             somewhat
             Mountainous
             ,
             and
             was
             once
             accounted
             next
             to
             Macedon
             ,
             the
             most
             powerful
             in
             Greece
             ,
             and
             at
             this
             day
             greatly
             abounds
             in
             Cattle
             ,
             rich
             Pastures
             and
             Corn.
             
          
           
             ALBANIA
             is
             bounded
             with
             
               Macedon
               ,
               Sclavonia
               ,
               Epirus
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Adriatick
             Sea
             ,
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             Cities
             Durazzo
             ,
             and
             Albinopolis
             ,
             memorable
             for
             its
             Breed
             of
             Horses
             ,
             which
             the
             Turks
             use
             mostly
             in
             
             their
             Wars
             ,
             and
             the
             Courage
             of
             its
             Inhabitants
             ,
             whose
             Country
             being
             but
             Indifferently
             Fruitful
             ,
             and
             too
             strait
             for
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             they
             like
             the
             Swiss
             ,
             rather
             choose
             the
             Exercise
             of
             Arms
             ,
             than
             Husbandry
             .
          
           
             MACEDON
             ,
             once
             Famous
             for
             being
             Head
             of
             the
             Greek
             Empire
             ,
             is
             bounded
             with
             
               Missa
               Superior
               ,
               Migdonia
               ,
               Epirus
               ,
            
             and
             Achaia
             ,
             and
             is
             a
             very
             Rich
             and
             Flourishing
             Country
             ,
             though
             the
             Turks
             greatly
             oppress
             the
             Native
             Greeks
             ,
             and
             make
             them
             labour
             that
             they
             may
             reap
             the
             greatest
             Profit
             ,
             and
             abounds
             not
             only
             with
             Cattle
             ,
             Corn
             ,
             and
             some
             Wine
             ,
             but
             in
             it
             are
             found
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             ,
             and
             other
             Mettals
             ;
             and
             of
             this
             Country
             Alexander
             the
             Great
             was
             King
             ,
             who
             not
             only
             Conquered
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             Asia
             ,
             but
             brought
             all
             Greece
             into
             Subjection
             ,
             founding
             here
             the
             third
             Empire
             of
             the
             World
             :
             And
             as
             for
             the
             chief
             Cities
             ,
             they
             are
             
               Aedassa
               ,
               Andrastus
               ,
               Eriba
               ,
               Scidra
               ,
            
             and
             Philippus
             ,
             or
             Philipopolis
             ,
             Built
             by
             Philip
             the
             Father
             of
             Alexander
             ;
             and
             to
             the
             People
             of
             this
             City
             it
             was
             ,
             that
             St.
             Paul
             Wrote
             his
             Epistle
             .
          
           
             THESSALY
             was
             once
             likewise
             a
             Kingdom
             ,
             lying
             on
             the
             South
             of
             Macedon
             ,
             abounding
             with
             Pleasant
             Valleys
             and
             Hills
             ,
             and
             amongst
             the
             latter
             are
             found
             that
             of
             Olympus
             ,
             so
             famed
             for
             Transcending
             the
             Clouds
             ,
             
               Othris
               ,
               Pelion
            
             ,
             and
             Ossa
             ,
             so
             often
             struck
             with
             Thunder
             ,
             and
             Fabled
             to
             be
             laid
             one
             upon
             the
             other
             ,
             when
             the
             Giants
             went
             about
             to
             Storm
             the
             Skies
             .
             The
             Country
             indeed
             is
             very
             Fruitful
             in
             many
             Parts
             ,
             and
             produces
             an
             Excellent
             Breed
             of
             Horses
             ,
             the
             Natives
             being
             held
             first
             to
             Invent
             the
             Art
             of
             Breaking
             and
             Backing
             them
             :
             and
             here
             Achilles
             Reigned
             ,
             who
             was
             Slain
             at
             the
             Siege
             of
             Troy
             :
             The
             chief
             Towns
             of
             this
             Country
             are
             
               La●ia
               ,
               Tricca
               ,
               Pharsalia
            
             ,
             on
             whose
             large
             Plains
             Caesar
             and
             Pompey
             fought
             for
             the
             Empire
             of
             the
             World
             ;
             as
             also
             
             Philippi
             ,
             in
             whose
             Fields
             
               Augustus
               Caesar
            
             and
             
               Marcus
               Antonius
            
             ,
             overthrew
             Brutus
             and
             Cassius
             .
          
           
             MIGDONIA
             is
             a
             small
             Country
             ,
             and
             accounted
             by
             most
             a
             part
             of
             Thrace
             ,
             and
             famous
             for
             nothing
             more
             than
             the
             Hill
             Athos
             ,
             held
             to
             be
             the
             highest
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             as
             being
             3
             days
             Journey
             in
             Ascent
             ,
             and
             75
             Miles
             in
             Circuit
             ;
             so
             that
             its
             shadow
             reaches
             (
             upon
             the
             declining
             of
             the
             Sun
             )
             40
             Miles
             :
             nor
             are
             there
             wanting
             in
             this
             Country
             Cities
             and
             Towns
             of
             considerable
             Note
             ,
             as
             Thessalonica
             ,
             commonly
             called
             Salonica
             (
             to
             whose
             Inhabitants
             two
             of
             St.
             Pauls
             Epistles
             are
             directed
             )
             
               Appollonia
               ,
               Nicladia
            
             ,
             and
             others
             .
          
           
             THRACE
             ,
             properly
             so
             called
             ,
             though
             now
             Romaniae
             ,
             as
             it
             lies
             at
             present
             circum
             scribed
             is
             within
             these
             Boundards
             ,
             viz.
             on
             the
             East
             the
             Euxine
             ,
             or
             black
             Sea
             ,
             the
             Propontis
             and
             Hellespont
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             with
             Macedon
             ;
             on
             the
             South
             with
             the
             Aegean
             Sea
             ,
             and
             part
             of
             Macedon
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             large
             Hill
             Haemus
             ;
             and
             is
             a
             large
             and
             goodly
             Province
             ,
             accounted
             20
             Days
             Journey
             in
             Length
             ,
             and
             6
             in
             Breadth
             ,
             and
             in
             Relation
             to
             the
             Heavens
             reacheth
             unto
             44
             Degrees
             North
             Latitude
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             longest
             Day
             in
             Summer
             is
             about
             15
             Hours
             ,
             and
             3
             Quarters
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             Country
             is
             Scituate
             the
             great
             City
             of
             Constantinople
             ,
             so
             Named
             by
             Constantine
             the
             Great
             ,
             and
             made
             by
             him
             the
             Capital
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             ,
             and
             is
             now
             the
             like
             to
             the
             Turkish
             Empire
             ,
             and
             the
             chief
             Residence
             of
             the
             
               Grand
               Seigniour
            
             ;
             Built
             in
             a
             Triangular
             manner
             ,
             the
             one
             Angle
             thrusting
             into
             the
             Main
             Land
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             two
             bordering
             upon
             the
             Sea
             ;
             Adrianople
             ,
             Built
             by
             Adrian
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             Trajanopolis
             ,
             Founded
             by
             the
             Emperor
             Trajan
             ;
             with
             others
             of
             lesser
             Note
             .
          
           
             This
             Country
             as
             to
             the
             Soil
             ,
             is
             very
             Fruitful
             ,
             but
             by
             Reason
             of
             the
             sharp
             cold
             Air
             coming
             off
             the
             Seas
             ,
             they
             ripen
             not
             kindly
             ,
             nor
             do
             the
             Inhabitants
             
             trouble
             themselves
             much
             with
             Husbandry
             ,
             as
             knowing
             they
             labour
             but
             for
             others
             ;
             however
             in
             their
             Gardens
             towards
             the
             Sea
             ,
             they
             are
             very
             curious
             ,
             so
             that
             much
             Wine
             is
             produced
             from
             the
             Grapes
             that
             grow
             there
             ,
             which
             is
             properly
             called
             
               Greek
               Wine
            
             ,
             and
             mostly
             sent
             into
             other
             Countries
             ,
             the
             Turks
             by
             their
             Law
             being
             forbidden
             to
             Drink
             it
             :
             They
             have
             large
             Plains
             likewise
             where
             Corn
             grows
             indifferently
             Plentiful
             ,
             but
             more
             Pulse
             which
             is
             amongst
             them
             in
             great
             use
             .
             The
             Natives
             of
             this
             Country
             ,
             as
             indeed
             of
             all
             Greece
             ,
             are
             much
             declined
             from
             what
             they
             formerly
             were
             ,
             in
             Learning
             ,
             Arts
             ,
             and
             Arms
             ,
             as
             being
             no
             better
             than
             Slaves
             to
             the
             Imperious
             Turks
             ,
             who
             Lord
             it
             over
             them
             ,
             whereby
             they
             are
             discouraged
             and
             dulled
             ,
             even
             to
             a
             kind
             of
             Stupidity
             ;
             nor
             does
             the
             Eloquence
             of
             their
             Original
             Language
             continue
             pure
             amongst
             them
             ,
             but
             is
             mostly
             corrupted
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             they
             in
             few
             parts
             perfectly
             understand
             the
             Antient
             Greek
             .
          
           
             The
             Commodities
             found
             in
             the
             Principal
             Trading
             Towns
             of
             this
             ,
             and
             other
             Sea
             Provinces
             ,
             are
             Grograms
             ,
             Carpets
             ,
             Silks
             ,
             Drugs
             ,
             Leather
             ,
             Chamlets
             ;
             and
             indeed
             the
             chief
             Commodities
             of
             Europe
             and
             Asia
             ,
             which
             Pay
             great
             Customs
             to
             the
             
               Grand
               Seigniour
            
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             for
             the
             main
             Land
             of
             Europe
             ,
             whose
             Islands
             we
             shall
             hereafter
             consider
             ,
             with
             those
             of
             the
             other
             Three
             Parts
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             when
             we
             come
             to
             treat
             of
             the
             Respective
             Seas
             in
             which
             they
             are
             posited
             ,
             and
             therefore
             ,
             for
             Orders
             Sake
             ,
             Omit
             them
             here
             ,
             and
             proceed
             to
             Asia
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           Geographical
           and
           Historical
           Description
           OF
           ASIA
           .
        
         
           In
           its
           Kingdoms
           and
           Provinces
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
             Of
             Asia
             in
             General
             .
          
           
             ASIA
             held
             to
             be
             larger
             than
             Europe
             and
             Africa
             ,
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             West
             with
             the
             Mediterranean
             and
             Aegean
             Seas
             ,
             the
             
               Hellespont
               ,
               Propontis
            
             ,
             and
             the
             
               Thracian
               Bosphorus
            
             ,
             the
             Euxine
             Sea
             ,
             
               Palus
               Maeotis
            
             ,
             the
             Rivers
             Tanais
             and
             Duina
             ,
             a
             Line
             in
             that
             case
             being
             drawn
             from
             the
             first
             to
             the
             second
             River
             ,
             as
             its
             bounda●d
             to
             Europe
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             it
             is
             bounded
             with
             the
             main
             
               Scythian
               Ocean
            
             ,
             on
             the
             East
             by
             the
             Streights
             of
             Annian
             ,
             the
             
               Indian
               Ocean
            
             ,
             and
             
               Mare
               del
               
               Zur
            
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             ,
             with
             the
             Mediterranian
             ,
             or
             so
             much
             of
             it
             ,
             as
             is
             called
             the
             Carpathian
             Sea
             ,
             bathing
             the
             Shoars
             of
             Anatolia
             ;
             and
             the
             Main
             Southern
             Ocean
             ,
             passing
             along
             the
             Coasts
             of
             
               India
               ,
               Arabia
            
             ,
             and
             Persia
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             South-East
             ,
             with
             the
             
               Arabian
               Bay
            
             ,
             or
             
               Red
               Sea
            
             ,
             parting
             it
             from
             Africa
             ,
             and
             is
             indeed
             washed
             on
             all
             sides
             with
             the
             Sea
             ,
             but
             where
             a
             narrow
             Istmus
             joyns
             it
             to
             Africa
             ,
             and
             the
             space
             of
             ground
             between
             the
             Tanais
             and
             Diuna
             ,
             where
             it
             is
             joyned
             to
             Europe
             .
          
           
             This
             large
             Tract
             of
             Land
             ,
             is
             held
             by
             some
             ,
             to
             take
             its
             Name
             from
             Asia
             ,
             the
             Daughter
             of
             Oceanus
             ,
             and
             Thetis
             the
             Wife
             of
             Japetus
             ,
             and
             Mother
             of
             Prometheus
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
             from
             Asius
             ,
             Son
             of
             Atis
             ,
             a
             King
             of
             Lydia
             ;
             but
             Originals
             of
             this
             kind
             ,
             being
             generally
             uncertain
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             convenient
             to
             wave
             them
             ,
             and
             proceed
             to
             what
             is
             more
             Material
             ,
             viz.
             In
             Antient
             times
             Asia
             was
             divided
             into
             the
             Greater
             and
             Lesser
             ;
             but
             by
             modern
             Writers
             ,
             it
             is
             divided
             into
             five
             parts
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Divisions
             it
             is
             settled
             in
             ;
             as
             First
             ,
             that
             which
             Borders
             upon
             Europe
             ,
             is
             alotted
             the
             Great
             Duke
             of
             Muscovy
             ;
             the
             Second
             ,
             the
             Great
             Cham
             of
             Tartary
             ;
             the
             Third
             ,
             the
             Turk
             ;
             the
             Fourth
             ,
             the
             King
             of
             Persia
             ;
             and
             the
             Fifth
             ,
             held
             by
             the
             Great
             Mogul
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
             known
             by
             the
             Name
             of
             the
             East
             India
             ;
             not
             accounting
             the
             petty
             Princes
             ,
             who
             have
             independent
             Provinces
             ,
             nor
             what
             remains
             in
             the
             Hands
             or
             Possession
             of
             the
             Europeans
             in
             sundry
             Parts
             ,
             &c.
             
             To
             which
             five
             we
             may
             properly
             add
             China
             ,
             a
             large
             Country
             ,
             very
             populous
             ,
             and
             powerful
             ,
             accounted
             one
             of
             the
             Fruitfullest
             in
             Asia
             .
          
           
             This
             part
             of
             the
             World
             may
             rightly
             be
             held
             or
             termed
             ,
             the
             Noblest
             of
             all
             other
             ,
             as
             conjectured
             ,
             on
             all
             hands
             ,
             once
             to
             contain
             the
             Earthly
             Paradise
             :
             Here
             the
             Law
             was
             given
             ,
             and
             here
             our
             blessed
             Saviour
             ,
             wrought
             the
             stupendious
             ,
             and
             amazing
             work
             of
             our
             Redemption
             :
             Hence
             sprung
             the
             Noble
             Sciences
             ,
             that
             the
             Greeks
             learned
             of
             the
             Hebrews
             ,
             and
             
             flourished
             under
             the
             Monarchie
             of
             the
             
               Medes
               ,
               Persians
            
             and
             Assyrians
             :
             And
             is
             divided
             into
             two
             Parts
             ,
             or
             Divisions
             ,
             as
             
               Asia
               Major
            
             ,
             and
             
               Asia
               Minor
            
             ,
             the
             latter
             called
             Anatolia
             ;
             the
             whole
             Country
             scituate
             East
             and
             West
             ,
             from
             52
             to
             169
             Degrees
             of
             Longitude
             ;
             and
             North
             and
             South
             ,
             from
             82
             Degrees
             of
             Latitude
             ,
             to
             the
             very
             Aequator
             or
             Aequinoctial
             Line
             ;
             some
             few
             Islands
             only
             lying
             beyond
             that
             Circle
             ,
             which
             occasions
             the
             longest
             Summers
             Day
             in
             the
             most
             Southern
             part
             ,
             to
             exceed
             little
             above
             12
             Hours
             ,
             though
             in
             the
             most
             Northern
             Parts
             ,
             for
             near
             the
             space
             of
             Four
             Months
             ,
             they
             have
             no
             Night
             at
             all
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             Commodities
             ,
             this
             great
             part
             of
             the
             World
             abounds
             with
             in
             general
             ,
             they
             are
             Gold
             ,
             Silver
             ,
             all
             sorts
             of
             Minerals
             ,
             Jewels
             ,
             Pearls
             ,
             Spices
             ,
             Odours
             ,
             Ivory
             ,
             Drugs
             of
             sundry
             kinds
             ,
             Silks
             ,
             Dyes
             ,
             Sweet-woods
             ,
             Perfumes
             ,
             &c.
             
             But
             to
             come
             nearer
             to
             the
             Description
             of
             the
             Countries
             ,
             for
             Orders
             sake
             ,
             it
             is
             convenient
             to
             begin
             with
             
               Asia
               Minor
            
             ,
             or
             Anatolia
             .
          
        
         
           
             Asia
             Minor
             ,
             or
             Anatolia
             ,
             described
             ,
             in
             its
             Kingdoms
             ,
             and
             Provinces
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               ASIA
               MINOR
            
             ,
             or
             Anatolia
             ,
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             ,
             with
             the
             River
             Euphrates
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             ,
             with
             the
             
               Thracian
               Bosphorus
               ,
               Propontis
               ,
               Hellespont
               ,
            
             and
             the
             Aegean
             Sea
             ,
             parted
             by
             them
             from
             Europe
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             with
             
               Pontus
               Euxinus
            
             ,
             or
             the
             
               Black
               Sea
            
             ;
             on
             the
             South
             by
             the
             
               Rhodian
               ,
               Lydian
            
             ,
             and
             Pamphilian
             Seas
             ,
             and
             several
             parts
             of
             the
             Mediterranean
             ;
             extending
             from
             51
             to
             72
             degrees
             ,
             of
             Longitude
             ;
             and
             from
             36
             to
             45
             degrees
             of
             Latitude
             ,
             and
             is
             accounted
             in
             length
             ,
             from
             the
             Hellespont
             to
             the
             Euphrates
             630
             Miles
             ,
             and
             in
             breadth
             from
             Trabezond
             ,
             a
             City
             so
             called
             to
             
               Sinus
               Issicus
            
             in
             Cilicia
             ,
             210
             ,
             and
             is
             under
             the
             middle
             Parallel
             of
             the
             Fourth
             ,
             to
             
             the
             Sixth
             Clime
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             which
             ,
             the
             longest
             Day
             in
             the
             Summer
             Southward
             ,
             is
             but
             14
             Hours
             and
             a
             half
             ,
             and
             differs
             not
             above
             an
             Hour
             in
             the
             extreamest
             North
             ,
             which
             is
             longer
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             the
             Air
             is
             very
             Temperate
             ,
             and
             the
             Soil
             very
             fit
             for
             any
             sort
             of
             Grain
             or
             Fruit
             ;
             but
             that
             Husbandry
             is
             neglected
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             being
             under
             the
             Turkish
             Yoak
             ,
             though
             the
             Rich
             Pasture
             of
             its
             own
             accord
             breeds
             great
             store
             of
             Cattle
             ,
             and
             an
             excellent
             Race
             of
             Horses
             ;
             and
             here
             stood
             the
             Famous
             City
             of
             Troy
             ,
             so
             much
             renowned
             for
             its
             sustaining
             Ten
             Years
             Siege
             ,
             against
             the
             whole
             Power
             of
             Greece
             :
             nor
             did
             this
             Country
             formerly
             boast
             of
             less
             than
             4000
             Cities
             and
             Towns
             ,
             but
             at
             this
             day
             most
             of
             them
             are
             found
             to
             be
             Ruined
             by
             War
             and
             Earth
             quakes
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             Division
             of
             this
             part
             of
             Asia
             ,
             it
             is
             properly
             divided
             into
             
               Bythinia
               ,
               Pontus
               ,
               Paphlagonia
               ,
               Galatia
               ,
               Cappadocia
               ,
               Armenia
               minor
               ,
               Phrygia
               minor
               ,
               Phrygia
               major
               ,
            
             the
             greater
             and
             the
             lesser
             
               Missias
               ,
               Aeolis
            
             ,
             and
             
               Ionia
               ,
               Lydia
               ,
               Caria
               ,
               Lycia
               ,
               Lycaonia
               ,
               Pisidia
               ,
               Pamphilia
            
             ;
             and
             what
             in
             the
             time
             it
             appertained
             to
             the
             Roman
             and
             Greek
             Empires
             ,
             were
             under
             the
             Province
             of
             the
             Rhodes
             ;
             and
             of
             these
             in
             their
             Order
             .
          
           
             BITHYNIA
             ,
             is
             a
             very
             pleasant
             Province
             of
             
               Asia
               minor
            
             ,
             formerly
             called
             Bebrycia
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             Migdonia
             ,
             taking
             the
             present
             Name
             from
             one
             Bithynius
             ,
             who
             was
             King
             thereof
             when
             a
             Kingdom
             ,
             though
             〈◊〉
             will
             have
             this
             Name
             derived
             from
             Thyni
             a
             People
             of
             Thrace
             ,
             who
             Subdued
             and
             Possessed
             it
             .
             The
             Country
             is
             naturally
             Rich
             on
             that
             part
             bordering
             upon
             the
             Bosphorus
             ,
             opposite
             to
             Constantinople
             ,
             which
             is
             Scituate
             on
             the
             European
             Shoar
             ,
             full
             of
             little
             rising
             Hills
             ,
             and
             grassy
             Plains
             ,
             and
             was
             once
             the
             Delight
             of
             such
             as
             sailed
             those
             Seas
             ,
             or
             Streights
             ;
             but
             the
             Turks
             (
             who
             affect
             neither
             Art
             nor
             Sumptuousness
             in
             their
             Retirements
             or
             Recreation
             )
             have
             neither
             
             Improved
             ,
             nor
             kept
             up
             the
             pleasant
             Gardens
             and
             Pallaces
             they
             found
             in
             it
             .
          
           
             The
             Principal
             Towns
             of
             Bithynia
             ,
             are
             Scutari
             ,
             facing
             
               Constantinople
               ,
               Chalcedon
            
             ,
             memorable
             for
             the
             Fourth
             General
             Council
             there
             Assembled
             ,
             for
             the
             Suppression
             of
             the
             Nestorian
             Hereticks
             ,
             Nicomede
             ,
             so
             named
             from
             Nicomedes
             once
             King
             of
             
               Bithynia
               ,
               Libussa
            
             ,
             memorable
             for
             the
             Death
             and
             Sepulchre
             of
             the
             Famous
             Hannibal
             ,
             the
             Carthaginian
             General
             ,
             who
             fell
             by
             Poison
             ,
             Prusa
             ,
             once
             a
             considerable
             City
             ,
             and
             the
             Residence
             of
             the
             Turkish
             Kings
             ,
             till
             Mahomet
             the
             First
             removed
             to
             
               Adrianople
               :
               Nice
            
             ,
             or
             Nicaea
             ,
             Scituate
             on
             the
             Fenns
             of
             the
             River
             Ascanius
             ,
             Famous
             for
             nothing
             more
             ,
             than
             the
             first
             General
             Council
             held
             there
             under
             Constantine
             the
             Great
             ,
             
               Anno
               314.
            
             to
             Settle
             the
             Peace
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             greatly
             disturbed
             and
             put
             out
             of
             Order
             by
             the
             Arian
             Heresie
             ,
             where
             there
             Assembled
             no
             more
             than
             318
             Bishops
             ,
             yet
             in
             such
             Esteem
             for
             Learning
             and
             Piety
             ,
             that
             to
             this
             Day
             ,
             it
             is
             highly
             approved
             by
             all
             good
             Men
             ;
             and
             here
             after
             the
             taking
             of
             Constantinople
             by
             the
             Latin
             Princes
             ,
             the
             Greek
             Emperor
             held
             his
             Residence
             ;
             and
             the
             Rivers
             of
             this
             Province
             are
             
               Phillis
               ,
               Ascamius
               ,
               Sangaris
            
             ,
             or
             Sangri
             ,
             but
             for
             Hills
             or
             Mountains
             none
             of
             note
             appear
             .
          
           
             PONTVS
             ,
             or
             Metapontus
             is
             a
             Bordering
             Province
             on
             Bithynia
             ,
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             Cities
             
               Flaviopolis
               ,
               Claudiopolis
               ,
               Juliopolis
               ,
               Diospolis
               ,
               Heraclea
               ,
               Amastris
               ,
               Phillium
               ,
            
             and
             others
             formerly
             very
             famous
             ,
             but
             o●
             later
             Times
             not
             of
             much
             note
             ;
             and
             in
             that
             Part
             called
             the
             Eastern
             Pontus
             ,
             is
             Sinope
             ,
             pleasantly
             seated
             on
             a
             long
             Promontory
             ,
             shooting
             into
             the
             Main
             ,
             and
             memoralble
             for
             the
             Sepulchre
             of
             King
             Mithridates
             ,
             who
             held
             a
             Forty
             Years
             War
             against
             the
             
               Romans
               ;
               Themisciyra
            
             ,
             now
             called
             
               Fanogoria
               ;
               Amasia
            
             ,
             the
             Birth
             Place
             of
             Strabo
             the
             Geographer
             ;
             Cabira
             ,
             afterward
             called
             Diopolis
             ,
             noted
             for
             the
             overthrow
             Lucullus
             gave
             King
             Mithridates
             near
             it
             ,
             when
             
             to
             retard
             the
             Pursuit
             of
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             he
             was
             obliged
             to
             scatter
             his
             Treasure
             in
             the
             way
             ,
             and
             thereby
             escaped
             their
             Hands
             ,
             with
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             his
             Forces
             :
             As
             for
             the
             Rivers
             in
             these
             Parts
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             Division
             of
             Pontus
             ,
             they
             are
             not
             (
             except
             Thermodon
             ,
             on
             whose
             Banks
             the
             Amazonians
             formerly
             Inhabited
             )
             of
             any
             considerable
             note
             .
          
           
             PAPHLAGONIA
             ,
             though
             a
             Country
             of
             little
             compass
             ,
             yet
             once
             was
             the
             chief
             Seat
             of
             a
             Powerful
             People
             ,
             but
             ruined
             by
             Cyrus
             for
             their
             Assisting
             the
             Lydians
             against
             him
             ,
             and
             the
             Principal
             Cities
             were
             Gangra
             ,
             now
             memorable
             for
             nothing
             more
             than
             the
             Council
             held
             there
             in
             the
             Year
             339.
             
             Conica
             ,
             or
             
               Coniata
               ,
               Pompeiopolis
               ,
               Germanopolis
               ,
               Xoana
               ,
            
             and
             Andrapa
             ;
             and
             from
             this
             Country
             the
             Venetians
             had
             their
             Original
             ,
             as
             sprung
             from
             a
             People
             called
             Heneti
             ,
             antiently
             Inhabiting
             a
             part
             of
             it
             ;
             and
             ,
             as
             the
             rest
             ,
             the
             Soil
             is
             very
             Fruitful
             in
             places
             where
             it
             is
             Manured
             :
             The
             Inhabitants
             are
             a
             mixture
             of
             Greeks
             and
             Turks
             ,
             with
             some
             Christians
             and
             Jews
             amongst
             them
             ,
             but
             not
             very
             many
             ;
             nor
             have
             they
             any
             considerable
             Traffick
             at
             Sea
             ,
             which
             renders
             the
             Province
             poor
             .
          
           
             GALATIA
             ,
             deriving
             its
             Name
             from
             the
             Gauls
             ,
             when
             they
             over-ran
             these
             Parts
             ,
             who
             called
             it
             Gaul-Asia
             ,
             and
             corruptly
             Galatia
             ;
             it
             was
             likewise
             called
             Gallo-Graecia
             ,
             from
             the
             mixture
             of
             Galls
             and
             Grecians
             ;
             and
             here
             to
             this
             day
             the
             Antient
             Language
             of
             〈◊〉
             Galls
             is
             much
             spoken
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             mixed
             with
             that
             of
             the
             Greek
             .
          
           
             This
             Country
             (
             above
             what
             we
             have
             mentioned
             )
             is
             very
             plentiful
             in
             Fruits
             ,
             and
             other
             things
             necessary
             for
             the
             Support
             of
             Man-kind
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             part
             only
             is
             the
             Amethist
             (
             that
             great
             Preservative
             against
             Drunkenness
             )
             found
             ;
             and
             here
             the
             People
             of
             Old
             had
             the
             Vanity
             to
             throw
             Written
             Papers
             into
             the
             Funeral
             Fires
             of
             their
             Friends
             ,
             as
             conceiting
             they
             would
             read
             them
             in
             the
             other
             World
             ,
             and
             thereby
             
             know
             the
             Sorrow
             they
             made
             for
             their
             Departure
             ;
             and
             were
             so
             much
             given
             to
             Sacrifices
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             Noted
             by
             Athenaeus
             ,
             how
             a
             Rich
             Galatian
             for
             the
             space
             of
             a
             Year
             ,
             Feasted
             the
             whole
             Province
             with
             the
             Flesh
             of
             such
             Beasts
             ,
             as
             were
             ordained
             for
             Sacrifices
             .
             To
             perswade
             them
             from
             which
             ,
             and
             confirm
             them
             in
             a
             more
             Glorious
             Religion
             ,
             St
             Paul
             Wrote
             his
             Epistle
             to
             this
             People
             :
             As
             for
             Rivers
             of
             note
             ,
             there
             are
             none
             that
             rise
             in
             this
             Country
             ,
             however
             it
             is
             supplyed
             with
             refreshing
             Streams
             ,
             from
             Halys
             and
             Sangarius
             .
          
           
             The
             chief
             Cities
             are
             An●yrana
             ,
             now
             called
             
               Angauri
               ,
               Olenus
               ,
               Agriama
               ,
               Tavium
               ,
            
             or
             
               Tanium
               ,
               Androssi●
               ,
               Fabarena
               ,
               Thermae
               ,
            
             and
             Talachbacora
             ;
             there
             are
             likewise
             sundry
             lesser
             Towns
             and
             Villages
             ,
             but
             of
             no
             Note
             .
          
           
             CAPPADOCIA
             ,
             is
             on
             the
             East
             of
             Galatia
             ,
             and
             is
             a
             Country
             abounding
             with
             Wine
             ,
             and
             sundry
             kinds
             of
             curious
             Fruits
             ,
             many
             Mines
             of
             Brass
             ,
             Iron
             ,
             Silver
             ,
             and
             other
             Minerals
             in
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             other
             Parts
             ,
             as
             also
             store
             of
             Allom
             ,
             and
             Alabaster
             ;
             moreover
             the
             Chrystal
             ,
             Jasper
             ,
             and
             Onyx
             Stone
             ;
             it
             affords
             a
             great
             number
             of
             Cattle
             ,
             but
             more
             especially
             a
             great
             many
             Horses
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             they
             are
             sent
             into
             most
             parts
             of
             Asia
             ;
             and
             as
             a
             boundard
             of
             this
             Country
             is
             the
             Famous
             Ante-Taurus
             ,
             a
             ridg
             or
             chain
             of
             Mountains
             ,
             bending
             towards
             the
             North
             ,
             and
             in
             it
             were
             Born
             most
             of
             the
             noted
             Ring-leaders
             of
             those
             Sects
             of
             Hereticks
             ,
             that
             so
             much
             opposed
             the
             Church
             in
             its
             Infancy
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             it
             grew
             into
             a
             custom
             ,
             to
             call
             a
             wicked
             Man
             a
             Cappadocian
             ;
             and
             has
             for
             its
             Principal
             Cities
             and
             Towns
             Erzirium
             ,
             upon
             the
             Borders
             of
             the
             great
             Armenia
             ,
             where
             the
             Turkish
             Army
             usually
             Wintered
             in
             their
             return
             from
             the
             Persian
             Expeditions
             ,
             and
             is
             the
             Seat
             of
             a
             Bassa
             .
             Mazaca
             once
             the
             Residence
             of
             St.
             
               Basil
               :
               Sebastia
            
             ,
             so
             named
             in
             Honour
             of
             Augustus
             ,
             whom
             the
             Greeks
             called
             
               Sebastas
               ;
               Trepesus
            
             or
             Trepesond
             ,
             once
             
             the
             Seat
             of
             an
             Empire
             ,
             but
             now
             under
             the
             power
             of
             the
             Turks
             ,
             where
             the
             Amazons
             were
             said
             to
             Inhabit
             ,
             at
             the
             time
             Troy
             was
             razed
             by
             the
             Greeks
             ,
             and
             till
             displaced
             by
             Alexander
             the
             Great
             .
          
           
             
               ARMENIA
               MINOR
            
             ,
             though
             somewhat
             mountainous
             ,
             is
             however
             a
             very
             fertile
             Country
             ;
             and
             is
             held
             by
             some
             to
             be
             that
             Ararat
             ,
             upon
             whose
             Hills
             
             Noah's
             Ark
             rested
             after
             the
             Deluge
             ;
             and
             so
             consequently
             first
             to
             have
             been
             peopled
             after
             that
             Universal
             Calamity
             ,
             and
             is
             only
             parted
             from
             
               Armenia
               Major
            
             by
             the
             famous
             River
             Euphrates
             ,
             and
             is
             so
             inclosed
             in
             most
             parts
             ,
             with
             that
             and
             the
             Mountains
             Taurus
             and
             Ante-Taurus
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             difficult
             to
             be
             entred
             ,
             though
             in
             other
             places
             it
             is
             delightful
             ,
             and
             well
             watered
             by
             pleasant
             Streams
             issuing
             out
             of
             the
             Mountains
             ;
             the
             chief
             being
             Melas
             ,
             which
             falls
             into
             Euphrates
             ,
             and
             is
             so
             called
             from
             the
             blackness
             of
             the
             Waters
             .
          
           
             This
             Country
             was
             once
             a
             part
             of
             Cappadocia
             ,
             till
             the
             Armenians
             wrested
             it
             by
             force
             ,
             and
             planted
             their
             Colonies
             here
             ,
             from
             whom
             it
             took
             the
             present
             name
             ;
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             Cities
             
               Nicopolis
               ,
               Suur
            
             ,
             antiently
             
               Melitene
               ,
               Oromandus
            
             ,
             built
             by
             Pompey
             the
             Great
             ,
             in
             token
             of
             his
             Victory
             over
             Tigranes
             the
             Syrian
             King
             ,
             under
             whom
             was
             both
             the
             
               Armenia's
               ,
               Garnace
               ,
               Caucusum
            
             ,
             and
             Arbyss●s
             ,
             whither
             St.
             Chrysistom
             was
             Banished
             by
             the
             means
             of
             the
             Empress
             Eudoxia
             ,
             who
             took
             part
             with
             the
             Hereticks
             :
             and
             these
             Countries
             had
             the
             Blessing
             to
             be
             converted
             to
             the
             Christian
             Faith
             ,
             by
             St.
             Paul
             and
             St.
             Peter
             ,
             as
             appears
             by
             the
             Epistle
             of
             the
             first
             to
             the
             Galatians
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             last
             to
             the
             Strangers
             scattered
             or
             dispersed
             in
             
               Pontus
               ,
               Galatia
               ,
               Cappadocia
               ,
               Asia
               ,
            
             and
             Bithynia
             ,
             &c.
             
             And
             what
             remains
             is
             more
             properly
             called
             Asia
             ,
             though
             circumscribed
             in
             Anatolia
             ,
             or
             
               Asia
               Minor
            
             ,
             viz.
             
          
           
             
               Asia
               Propria
            
             ,
             was
             formerly
             held
             to
             be
             the
             most
             rich
             and
             flourishing
             part
             of
             this
             Peninsula
             ,
             as
             Tully
             
             affirms
             ,
             when
             he
             certifies
             that
             the
             Roman
             Tributes
             from
             other
             parts
             were
             but
             sufficient
             to
             defray
             the
             charges
             of
             keeping
             them
             ;
             but
             Asia
             says
             he
             ,
             is
             so
             Fertile
             and
             Rich
             ,
             that
             for
             the
             fruitfulness
             of
             the
             Fields
             ,
             variety
             of
             Fruits
             ,
             largeness
             of
             Pastures
             ,
             and
             quantity
             of
             Commodities
             ,
             which
             were
             brought
             from
             thence
             ,
             it
             abundantly
             excelled
             all
             other
             Countries
             ;
             and
             it
             properly
             includes
             
               Phrygia
               Minor
               ,
               Phrygia
               Major
               ,
               Mysia
               ,
               Aeolis
               ,
               Ionia
               ,
               Lydia
            
             and
             Cario
             .
          
           
             
               Phrygia
               Minor
            
             ,
             so
             called
             ,
             as
             many
             hold
             it
             ,
             from
             the
             River
             Phryx
             ,
             descending
             from
             the
             greater
             Phrygia
             ,
             is
             a
             very
             fruitful
             Country
             ,
             mostly
             Champaign
             ,
             and
             watered
             with
             sundry
             noted
             Rivers
             ,
             as
             
               Scamander
               ,
               Xanthus
               ,
               Simois
            
             ,
             and
             others
             so
             much
             renowned
             by
             Homer
             .
             In
             this
             Country
             ,
             upon
             the
             Banks
             of
             Scamander
             ,
             stood
             the
             famous
             City
             of
             Troy
             ,
             whose
             goodly
             Ruins
             ,
             appear
             in
             some
             sort
             ,
             to
             this
             day
             ;
             and
             from
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             which
             City
             most
             Nations
             labour
             to
             fetch
             their
             Original
             .
             Near
             to
             it
             stands
             Troas
             or
             
               New
               Troy
            
             ,
             begun
             by
             Alexander
             the
             Great
             ,
             and
             finished
             by
             Lysimachus
             ,
             one
             of
             his
             Captains
             ,
             who
             yet
             named
             it
             
               Troas
               Alexandri
            
             ,
             in
             honour
             of
             his
             Master
             .
             Here
             are
             found
             likewise
             the
             Ports
             of
             Lyrnessus
             and
             Sigaeum
             ,
             with
             many
             other
             things
             ,
             upon
             which
             the
             Poets
             especially
             have
             been
             large
             ,
             who
             keep
             them
             alive
             even
             in
             their
             Ruins
             ;
             for
             indeed
             little
             else
             remains
             at
             this
             day
             ;
             for
             as
             Ovid
             has
             it
             ,
             
               
                 Jam
                 seges
                 est
                 ubi
                 Troja
                 fuit
                 ,
                 resecandaque
                 falce
                 ,
              
               
                 Luxuriat
                 Phrygio
                 sanguine
                 pinguis
                 humus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Corn
                 ripe
                 for
                 Sciths
                 ,
                 grows
                 where
                 Troy
                 once
                 stood
                 ,
              
               
                 And
                 the
                 Soils
                 fatted
                 with
                 the
                 Phrygian
                 Blood.
                 
              
            
          
           
             
               PHRYGIA
               MAJOR
            
             ,
             joyns
             to
             the
             former
             ,
             and
             is
             a
             very
             fruitful
             Country
             ,
             abounding
             with
             some
             Corn
             ,
             Wine
             ,
             and
             some
             Olive-Yards
             well
             watered
             ,
             by
             the
             River
             Sangarius
             and
             Marsyas
             ;
             the
             former
             
             taking
             its
             Spring
             in
             this
             Country
             ,
             discharges
             it self
             into
             the
             Euxine
             Sea.
             And
             the
             Towns
             are
             Gordian
             ,
             once
             the
             Residence
             of
             Gordius
             ,
             who
             of
             a
             Husbandman
             being
             made
             King
             ,
             hung
             up
             the
             Furniture
             of
             his
             Waggons
             and
             Ploughs
             in
             the
             Temple
             of
             Apollo
             ,
             tied
             in
             such
             a
             Knot
             ,
             that
             an
             old
             Prophecy
             run
             ,
             
               That
               he
               who
               could
               unty
               it
               should
               be
               Monarch
               of
               the
               World
            
             ;
             which
             Alexander
             the
             Great
             ,
             upon
             his
             coming
             thither
             ,
             trying
             to
             do
             and
             failing
             therein
             ,
             cut
             it
             in
             sunder
             with
             his
             Sword
             ,
             shewing
             thereby
             ,
             what
             Policy
             could
             not
             do
             Force
             should
             effect
             .
             Colosse
             ,
             where
             the
             Colossians
             ,
             to
             whom
             St.
             Paul
             wrote
             one
             of
             his
             Epistles
             dwelt
             :
             Miedaeum
             ,
             once
             the
             Seat
             of
             
               Midas
               ;
               Pesinus
            
             where
             the
             Statue
             of
             Cibele
             was
             held
             in
             great
             Veneration
             ,
             and
             being
             from
             thence
             shipped
             for
             Rome
             ,
             the
             Ship
             by
             no
             means
             could
             be
             brought
             to
             pass
             up
             the
             Tiber
             ,
             till
             a
             Vestal
             Virgin
             ,
             who
             had
             been
             accused
             of
             Incontinency
             ,
             to
             clear
             her
             Innocence
             ,
             by
             fastning
             her
             Girdle
             to
             it
             (
             if
             you
             will
             believe
             the
             Story
             )
             drew
             it
             up
             the
             River
             ;
             and
             the
             reason
             why
             the
             Romans
             so
             coveted
             it
             was
             ,
             that
             the
             Empire
             of
             the
             World
             had
             been
             promised
             to
             those
             that
             could
             get
             it
             into
             their
             possession
             .
          
           
             MYSIA
             is
             a
             Country
             lying
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             ,
             between
             the
             Phrygia's
             ,
             supposed
             antiently
             to
             be
             a
             Phrygian
             Nation
             ,
             being
             much
             the
             same
             for
             Fertility
             :
             And
             here
             is
             found
             the
             
               Asian
               Olympus
            
             ,
             a
             vast
             Mountain
             ,
             but
             inferior
             to
             that
             of
             the
             same
             name
             in
             Greece
             ,
             and
             has
             ,
             for
             Rivers
             of
             note
             Cacus
             and
             Aesopus
             ;
             on
             the
             Banks
             of
             the
             former
             stands
             the
             once
             famous
             City
             of
             Pergamus
             ,
             but
             now
             of
             little
             note
             .
             There
             is
             likewise
             the
             River
             Granicus
             ,
             having
             its
             Fountain
             in
             
               Mysia
               Major
            
             ,
             and
             falling
             into
             the
             Propontis
             ,
             on
             the
             Banks
             of
             which
             Alexander
             gained
             the
             first
             Victory
             against
             Darius
             the
             Persian
             King
             ;
             who
             upon
             his
             first
             coming
             into
             Asia
             ,
             had
             made
             so
             little
             account
             of
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             sent
             Order
             to
             his
             Lieutenant
             in
             Anatolia
             to
             take
             him
             alive
             ,
             and
             after
             having
             whipped
             
             him
             with
             Rods
             ,
             to
             send
             him
             bound
             to
             his
             Presence
             .
             And
             this
             Mysia
             is
             divided
             into
             the
             lesser
             and
             greater
             ;
             and
             here
             stands
             the
             Tower
             of
             Abydos
             ,
             over
             against
             Sestos
             in
             Thrace
             ,
             memorable
             for
             the
             Story
             of
             Hero
             and
             Leander
             ;
             with
             many
             other
             things
             more
             remarkable
             ;
             as
             the
             Inhabitants
             slaying
             themselves
             ,
             to
             prevent
             falling
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             Philip
             the
             Father
             of
             Persaeus
             King
             of
             Macedon
             ,
             its
             being
             betrayed
             to
             the
             Turks
             by
             the
             Daughter
             of
             the
             Governour
             ,
             upon
             her
             falling
             in
             Love
             with
             Abderachmen
             ,
             a
             Turkish
             Officer
             ;
             upon
             her
             Dreaming
             she
             fell
             into
             a
             miry
             place
             ,
             and
             he
             coming
             by
             took
             her
             up
             and
             wiped
             her
             clean
             ,
             
               &c.
               
               Cyzicus
            
             ,
             famous
             for
             its
             Port
             ,
             Marble
             Towns
             and
             stately
             Buildings
             ,
             &c.
             
             And
             in
             
               Mysia
               Major
            
             are
             found
             
               Apollonia
               ,
               Dainta
               ,
               Trajanopolis
               ,
               Alydda
               ,
            
             and
             others
             .
          
           
             AEOLIS
             and
             IONIA
             Are
             generally
             conjunct
             ,
             as
             Countreys
             much
             depending
             on
             each
             other
             ,
             indifferently
             Fruitful
             ,
             and
             contain
             sundry
             good
             Harbours
             .
             The
             principal
             places
             in
             the
             first
             are
             
               Pitana
               ,
               Acarnea
               ,
               Elaea
               ,
               Myrina
               ,
            
             now
             
               Sebastopolis
               ,
               Cene
            
             the
             the
             chief
             in
             this
             part
             ;
             Cumaea
             the
             Birth-place
             of
             one
             of
             the
             Sybils
             ,
             and
             Phaecia
             ;
             and
             the
             People
             are
             held
             by
             Josephus
             to
             descend
             from
             Elisha
             the
             Son
             of
             Javan
             ,
             but
             by
             the
             many
             Conquests
             that
             have
             been
             made
             of
             this
             and
             other
             Countreys
             ,
             whereby
             the
             People
             have
             been
             either
             destroyed
             or
             carried
             away
             ,
             and
             others
             planted
             in
             their
             steads
             ,
             such
             Originals
             must
             needs
             be
             uncertain
             .
          
           
             IONIA
             ,
             Has
             for
             its
             principal
             Cities
             Mias
             on
             an
             Arm
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             which
             Artaxerxes
             assigned
             to
             Themistocles
             the
             noble
             Athenian
             ,
             when
             the
             ingrateful
             City
             of
             Athens
             had
             banished
             him
             after
             the
             glorious
             Conquests
             he
             had
             Atchieved
             in
             their
             behalf
             .
             Erythra
             ,
             memorable
             for
             the
             Habitation
             of
             one
             of
             the
             
               Sybils
               ,
               Lebedus
               ,
               Clazomene
            
             and
             others
             ,
             especially
             Smyrna
             ,
             a
             fair
             Haven
             City
             ,
             on
             a
             Bay
             named
             from
             it
             the
             
               Bay
               of
               Smyrna
            
             ,
             and
             is
             not
             only
             famous
             for
             comprehending
             
             one
             of
             the
             Seven
             Churches
             of
             Asia
             ,
             written
             to
             by
             St.
             John
             ,
             but
             is
             at
             present
             a
             place
             of
             great
             Traffick
             ,
             where
             the
             English
             have
             a
             Factory
             ,
             and
             most
             Europeans
             trade
             for
             Chamlets
             ,
             Grogran
             ,
             and
             other
             Stuffs
             ,
             Drugs
             ,
             with
             many
             such
             like
             Commodities
             :
             The
             Grand
             Signior
             having
             there
             a
             Custom-House
             which
             brings
             in
             a
             vast
             Revenue
             ;
             and
             in
             old
             times
             there
             stood
             a
             goodly
             Temple
             ,
             dedicated
             to
             Homer
             the
             Greek
             Poet
             ,
             as
             supposed
             to
             be
             the
             place
             of
             his
             Birth
             .
             In
             this
             Tract
             is
             likewise
             found
             the
             City
             of
             Ephesus
             ,
             so
             renowned
             for
             the
             Temple
             of
             Diana
             ,
             accounted
             one
             of
             the
             Seven
             Wonders
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             and
             was
             in
             its
             Splendour
             425
             feet
             in
             length
             ,
             and
             in
             breadth
             220
             ,
             supported
             with
             127
             Pillars
             of
             polish'd
             Marble
             ,
             curiously
             wrought
             ,
             and
             was
             indeed
             a
             very
             goodly
             Structure
             ,
             and
             so
             it
             had
             need
             ,
             for
             after
             it
             was
             modelled
             by
             Ctesiphon
             ,
             a
             most
             expert
             Architect
             ,
             it
             was
             200
             years
             in
             Building
             ,
             though
             Burnt
             in
             one
             day
             by
             Erastrotus
             ,
             on
             purpose
             ,
             as
             he
             alledged
             to
             get
             him
             a
             Name
             ,
             though
             of
             Infamy
             .
          
           
             LYDIA
             once
             a
             famous
             Kingdom
             till
             ruined
             by
             the
             Persians
             ,
             under
             the
             leading
             of
             Cyrus
             ;
             took
             its
             name
             ,
             as
             many
             Historians
             will
             have
             it
             ,
             from
             Lud
             the
             Son
             of
             Sem
             ;
             the
             People
             of
             which
             Country
             are
             said
             to
             be
             the
             first
             Coiners
             of
             Monies
             ,
             and
             Inventers
             of
             sundry
             Games
             ;
             and
             here
             is
             the
             Mountain
             Tomalus
             covered
             naturally
             with
             Vines
             and
             Sipylus
             ;
             and
             which
             are
             very
             fruitful
             Valleys
             ;
             and
             yield
             the
             best
             Saffron
             of
             Asia
             :
             the
             Rivers
             of
             note
             are
             Hermus
             ,
             which
             taking
             its
             source
             in
             
               Phrygia
               Major
            
             ,
             passes
             by
             the
             skirts
             of
             Lydia
             ,
             pleasantly
             watering
             the
             Pastures
             ,
             &c.
             and
             falls
             into
             a
             fair
             Bay
             of
             the
             Aegean
             Sea
             ,
             opening
             towards
             the
             Island
             of
             Clazomene
             ;
             likewise
             
               Pactolus
               Castros
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Meander
             ;
             the
             which
             though
             upon
             a
             direct
             line
             not
             exceeding
             60
             miles
             is
             nevertheless
             in
             measuring
             the
             winding
             ,
             accounted
             600
             which
             greatly
             ●etters
             the
             Country
             ;
             in
             which
             are
             found
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             and
             some
             
             Stone
             of
             considerable
             value
             ;
             and
             has
             for
             it's
             chief
             City
             Sardis
             ,
             seated
             on
             the
             River
             
               Pactalus
               .
               Philadelphia
            
             near
             to
             the
             bank
             of
             the
             River
             
               Caistras
               :
               Thyatyra
               ,
               Laodicea
            
             and
             others
             ;
             nothing
             more
             renowned
             than
             to
             be
             of
             the
             number
             of
             the
             7
             Churches
             ,
             to
             which
             St.
             John
             wrote
             his
             Apocalypse
             ;
             and
             of
             this
             Country
             Croesus
             the
             Rich
             was
             King
             ,
             who
             was
             deceived
             by
             the
             Oracle
             ,
             in
             these
             words
             ,
             viz.
             
          
           
             
               CROESUS
               Halyn
            
             penetrans
             magnam
             subvertit
             opum
             vim
             .
          
           
             Thus
             Englished
             :
          
           
             
               When
               Croesus
               over
               Halys
               goes
            
             
               A
               mighty
               Nation
               he
               o'erthrows
               .
            
          
           
             Which
             he
             Interpreting
             according
             to
             his
             own
             hopes
             ,
             crossed
             the
             River
             ,
             and
             was
             vanquished
             and
             taken
             Prisoner
             by
             Cyrus
             ;
             overthrowing
             indeed
             his
             own
             People
             ,
             and
             was
             the
             last
             King
             of
             Lydia
             .
          
           
             Caria
             is
             on
             the
             North
             of
             Lydia
             ,
             in
             which
             is
             the
             Hill
             Latmus
             ,
             where
             Endimion
             retired
             for
             the
             better
             privacy
             in
             the
             study
             of
             Astrology
             ,
             and
             there
             finding
             out
             the
             course
             of
             the
             Moon
             and
             her
             changes
             ,
             gave
             occasion
             to
             the
             Fable
             of
             his
             being
             beloved
             by
             her
             and
             her
             kissing
             him
             ,
             &c.
             and
             the
             River
             Salmacis
             which
             enfeebles
             any
             Person
             that
             enters
             into
             it
             or
             drinks
             of
             the
             water
             ;
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             Cities
             ,
             
               &c.
               
               Miletus
               ,
               Mindus
               ,
               Heraclea
            
             and
             
               Latmum
               ,
               Borgilia
            
             or
             
               Borgilos
               ,
               Milusa
               ,
               Primassus
            
             ,
             and
             others
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             Southwest
             of
             this
             Province
             ,
             thrusting
             it self
             into
             the
             Sea
             like
             a
             Promontory
             ,
             stands
             the
             little
             Country
             of
             Doris
             ;
             so
             called
             from
             Dores
             a
             Greek
             people
             that
             first
             Inhabited
             it
             ;
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             Cities
             
               Cnidus
               ,
               Cressa
            
             ,
             formerly
             a
             noted
             Haven
             Town
             ;
             Halicarnassus
             ,
             where
             Queen
             Arthemisia
             in
             Memory
             of
             King
             Mausolus
             her
             Husband
             ,
             raised
             at
             vast
             expence
             a
             Monument
             ,
             accounted
             one
             of
             the
             7
             Wonders
             of
             
             the
             World
             ,
             from
             which
             all
             great
             Structures
             of
             that
             kind
             are
             called
             Mausoles
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             people
             of
             Caria
             ,
             their
             name
             or
             denomination
             ,
             is
             conjectured
             to
             be
             derived
             from
             Cares
             the
             Son
             of
             Pharoneus
             King
             of
             Argos
             ;
             though
             Bochartus
             rather
             alludes
             it
             to
             the
             Phaenician
             word
             Car
             ,
             signifying
             a
             sheep
             or
             Ram
             ,
             because
             they
             were
             formerly
             dealers
             in
             Flocks
             ,
             with
             which
             their
             Country
             abounded
             ,
             and
             is
             indeed
             full
             of
             rich
             Pastures
             .
          
           
             LYCIA
             lyes
             on
             the
             West
             of
             Caria
             ;
             said
             to
             take
             its
             name
             from
             Lycius
             ,
             Son
             to
             Pandion
             King
             of
             Athens
             ;
             and
             is
             a
             Country
             inclosed
             in
             a
             manner
             with
             Sea
             and
             Mountains
             ;
             the
             principal
             Mountain
             being
             Taurus
             ,
             the
             biggest
             in
             Asia
             ;
             which
             begins
             in
             this
             Province
             ,
             and
             extends
             to
             the
             Eastern
             Sea
             ;
             one
             of
             its
             branches
             in
             this
             Country
             is
             the
             Chimaera
             ,
             casting
             out
             Flames
             like
             Mount
             Aetna
             ;
             which
             gave
             occasion
             to
             the
             Fablers
             of
             former
             times
             ,
             to
             render
             it
             dreadful
             ,
             by
             likening
             it
             to
             a
             Monstrous
             Beast
             ,
             with
             a
             Head
             like
             a
             Lyon
             ,
             a
             Belly
             like
             a
             Goat
             ,
             and
             a
             Tail
             like
             a
             Serpent
             ;
             though
             some
             to
             justifie
             this
             Fiction
             ,
             will
             have
             it
             to
             be
             infested
             at
             the
             bottom
             by
             Serpents
             ,
             grazed
             in
             the
             middle
             by
             Goats
             ,
             and
             containing
             nearer
             to
             the
             top
             ,
             dens
             of
             Lions
             ,
             altogether
             framing
             the
             Monster
             ,
             said
             to
             be
             destroyed
             by
             Bellerophon
             ;
             which
             indeed
             tended
             to
             nothing
             more
             than
             that
             he
             first
             caused
             the
             Mountain
             to
             be
             Inhabited
             ,
             and
             this
             Country
             in
             former
             days
             was
             so
             opulent
             ,
             that
             60
             Cities
             of
             note
             were
             found
             in
             it
             ,
             but
             now
             most
             of
             them
             Ruined
             ;
             the
             chief
             in
             it
             being
             
               Are
               ,
               Phaselis
               ,
               Myra
               ,
               Solima
               ,
               Rhodia
               ,
               Pataras
               ,
               Mylios
               ,
            
             and
             Podelia
             ;
             and
             so
             powerful
             were
             the
             Lycians
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Cyrus
             the
             Persian
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             not
             without
             great
             difficulty
             brought
             under
             ,
             but
             from
             thence
             forward
             followed
             the
             Fortune
             of
             the
             Conquerors
             as
             the
             
               Greeks
               ,
               Romans
            
             and
             Turks
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
           
             LYCAONIA
             is
             a
             Country
             so
             named
             from
             the
             Lycaones
             ,
             a
             people
             of
             Lycia
             ;
             or
             from
             the
             Lycaonians
             a
             people
             ,
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             Lyconia
             a
             Town
             in
             
               Phrygia
               Major
            
             ;
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             Cities
             Iconium
             ,
             once
             the
             chief
             Residence
             of
             the
             Caramanian
             Kings
             ,
             who
             so
             stoutly
             opposed
             in
             its
             beginning
             the
             Growth
             of
             the
             Ottoman
             Empire
             ;
             Lystra
             ,
             the
             birth
             place
             of
             Timothy
             the
             Evangelist
             ;
             and
             here
             it
             was
             that
             the
             superstitious
             people
             would
             have
             done
             divine
             Sacrifice
             to
             Paul
             and
             
               Barnabas
               ;
               Darbe
               ,
               Laranda
               ,
               Paralais
               ,
               Adopissus
               ,
               Canna
            
             and
             Caratha
             ;
             but
             as
             for
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             they
             are
             not
             found
             in
             History
             to
             be
             of
             any
             considerable
             note
             ;
             nor
             does
             their
             Country
             much
             abound
             in
             Fruits
             or
             Corn
             ,
             for
             want
             of
             Convenient
             streams
             to
             water
             it
             .
          
           
             PISIDIA
             is
             on
             the
             South
             of
             Lycaonia
             ,
             and
             is
             a
             small
             Country
             ,
             yet
             furnished
             with
             great
             plenty
             of
             all
             things
             necessary
             for
             Human
             subsistance
             ;
             where
             the
             Plains
             extend
             themselves
             ,
             though
             in
             some
             parts
             it
             is
             much
             Incumbered
             with
             Barren
             Mountains
             ;
             and
             has
             in
             it
             the
             Towns
             or
             Cities
             of
             
               Antioch
               ,
               Seleucia
               ,
               Lysinnia
               ,
               Selge
               ,
               Sagalassa
               ,
               Cremna
               ,
               Termessus
               ,
               Olbanassa
            
             and
             Plutanessus
             ;
             the
             Antient
             Inhabitants
             being
             said
             to
             descend
             from
             the
             Solimi
             ,
             a
             people
             on
             the
             Borders
             of
             Lycia
             ;
             and
             were
             formerly
             daring
             and
             valiant
             ,
             as
             appeared
             in
             their
             opposing
             Cyrus
             ,
             and
             did
             more
             wonders
             than
             any
             of
             their
             more
             powerful
             Neighbours
             ,
             but
             now
             being
             in
             subjection
             to
             the
             Turks
             ,
             who
             hold
             them
             as
             Vassals
             or
             Slaves
             ,
             they
             have
             lost
             much
             of
             their
             Courage
             and
             Industry
             .
          
           
             PAMPHYLIA
             has
             Pisidia
             on
             the
             North
             ,
             and
             is
             separated
             from
             it
             by
             the
             Mountain
             Taurus
             ;
             and
             it
             s
             held
             to
             take
             its
             name
             from
             its
             being
             Inhabited
             by
             a
             mixture
             of
             Nations
             ;
             which
             word
             in
             the
             Greek
             expresses
             no
             less
             ,
             and
             is
             much
             over-run
             with
             the
             Spurs
             or
             Branches
             of
             Taurus
             ;
             rendering
             it
             Barren
             in
             many
             places
             ;
             yet
             on
             those
             Mountainous
             parts
             abundance
             of
             Goats
             are
             fed
             ,
             whose
             Flesh
             serves
             for
             
             Food
             ,
             Hair
             for
             making
             Chamlets
             ,
             and
             Skins
             for
             Leather
             ;
             yet
             that
             part
             which
             is
             the
             Sea
             coast
             ,
             and
             runs
             150
             miles
             on
             the
             Mediterranean
             ,
             is
             well
             Inhabited
             ,
             and
             enjoys
             sundry
             Towns
             of
             Note
             ,
             as
             
               Attalia
               ,
               Perge
               ,
               Side
               ,
               Magidis
               ,
               Aspendas
               ,
               Oliba
               ,
               Caracensium
               ,
               Colobrassus
               ,
               Cretopolis
               ,
            
             and
             Menedemium
             ,
             and
             is
             watered
             with
             the
             Rivers
             
               Cestrus
               ,
               Cataractus
            
             ,
             and
             Eurymedon
             ;
             and
             since
             they
             first
             planted
             this
             Country
             ,
             they
             have
             been
             frequently
             brought
             under
             subjection
             by
             the
             
               Pontois
               ,
               Persians
               ,
               Romans
            
             and
             lastly
             by
             the
             Turks
             ,
             who
             at
             present
             remain
             Lords
             of
             all
             the
             lesser
             Asia
             ,
             and
             good
             part
             of
             the
             greater
             .
          
           
             CILICIA
             has
             Pamphylia
             on
             the
             West
             ,
             and
             is
             a
             very
             fruitful
             Country
             ,
             especially
             on
             the
             Eastern
             part
             ;
             and
             is
             said
             to
             take
             its
             name
             from
             Cilice
             the
             Brother
             of
             Cadmus
             ;
             and
             though
             it
             is
             but
             meanly
             Inhabited
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             much
             traded
             to
             ;
             and
             has
             in
             it
             many
             Towns
             of
             Note
             ,
             as
             Tarsus
             the
             Birth
             place
             of
             St.
             
               Paul
               ,
               Anchiala
               ,
               Epiphania
               ,
               Adena
               ,
               Mopsuestia
               ,
               Nicopolis
               ,
               Amavara
               ,
               Scandelora
               ,
            
             and
             others
             watered
             with
             the
             River
             Pyramus
             ,
             now
             called
             
               Malmistra
               ,
               Orismagdus
               ,
               Calicadnus
            
             ,
             and
             the
             famous
             Cydnus
             ,
             whose
             waters
             are
             so
             Cool
             ,
             and
             withal
             so
             Rapid
             that
             they
             had
             like
             to
             have
             proved
             fatal
             to
             Alexander
             the
             Great
             ,
             and
             did
             so
             to
             Fredrick
             the
             first
             German
             Emperor
             ;
             for
             whilst
             he
             was
             bathing
             in
             the
             stream
             ,
             he
             was
             carried
             away
             by
             the
             violence
             of
             the
             Current
             ,
             and
             smothered
             in
             the
             waves
             .
             As
             for
             the
             chief
             Mountains
             they
             are
             Amanus
             and
             Taurus
             accounted
             the
             largest
             in
             the
             world
             .
          
           
             ISAVRICA
             is
             a
             distinct
             Province
             from
             the
             former
             seated
             on
             both
             sides
             of
             Taurus
             ,
             which
             renders
             it
             altogether
             Mountainous
             ,
             being
             East
             to
             Pamphylia
             ;
             parted
             in
             the
             midst
             by
             the
             River
             Calecadnus
             on
             whose
             banks
             are
             many
             Vines
             and
             pleasant
             Pastures
             and
             has
             for
             its
             principal
             City
             and
             Towns
             
               Seleucia
               ,
               I●auria
            
             ,
             and
             Claudiopolis
             ;
             and
             as
             for
             this
             and
             the
             
             Province
             of
             Cilicia
             ,
             they
             were
             Anciently
             famous
             for
             Piracies
             ;
             but
             Pompey
             breaking
             their
             power
             at
             Sea
             placed
             them
             in
             a
             more
             Inland
             Country
             ,
             and
             especially
             on
             these
             Mountains
             in
             a
             strait
             compass
             ,
             but
             they
             have
             since
             inlarged
             their
             borders
             .
          
           
             And
             thus
             for
             Anatolia
             or
             
               Asia
               Minor
            
             ,
             except
             such
             Islands
             as
             are
             reputed
             to
             appertain
             to
             it
             ,
             which
             shall
             be
             treated
             of
             in
             another
             place
             ;
             it
             being
             our
             design
             that
             nothing
             shall
             be
             omitted
             ,
             though
             we
             are
             obliged
             to
             be
             brief
             ,
             constrained
             to
             it
             by
             the
             narrowness
             of
             our
             compass
             ;
             only
             note
             that
             it
             is
             wholly
             subject
             to
             the
             Turks
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Kingdoms
             and
             Provinces
             of
             the
             greater
             Asia
             Described
             .
          
           
             AS
             to
             the
             Boundards
             and
             Scituation
             of
             this
             Part
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             it
             has
             been
             already
             laid
             down
             in
             general
             ,
             wherefore
             now
             nothing
             remains
             ,
             but
             to
             describe
             it
             in
             particular
             ,
             &c.
             and
             to
             do
             this
             in
             order
             ,
             we
             will
             begin
             with
             ▪
          
           
             
               The
               Kingdom
               of
               Syria
               .
            
             
               THE
               Kingdom
               of
               Syria
               ,
               as
               it
               Antiently
               was
               ,
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Cilicia
               ;
               on
               the
               South
               with
               other
               parts
               of
               
                 Asia
                 minor
              
               ;
               on
               the
               East
               with
               the
               River
               Euphrates
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               Mediterranean
               Sea
               :
               And
               is
               Inhabited
               by
               divers
               sorts
               of
               People
               ,
               Professing
               sundry
               Religions
               ,
               as
               Christianity
               ,
               Judaism
               ,
               Mahometism
               ,
               and
               in
               some
               places
               not
               altogether
               freed
               from
               Paganism
               ;
               for
               upon
               the
               Borders
               next
               to
               
                 Armenia
                 minor
              
               ,
               there
               dwell
               the
               Cardi
               ,
               or
               Coerdes
               ,
               a
               People
               who
               pay
               Veneration
               
               to
               the
               Devil
               ,
               and
               the
               slender
               excuse
               they
               alledg
               for
               it
               is
               ,
               to
               prevent
               his
               doing
               them
               Mischief
               ,
               they
               being
               on
               the
               contrary
               assured
               ,
               that
               God
               being
               in
               his
               Nature
               good
               ,
               he
               will
               not
               injure
               them
               .
               And
               the
               whole
               Country
               is
               divided
               into
               3
               Provinces
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Phoenicia
                 ,
                 Caelo-Syria
              
               ,
               and
               Syro-Phaenicia
               .
            
             
               PHAENICIA
               ,
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               and
               South
               with
               Palestine
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Syria
               ,
               so
               properly
               called
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               Mediterranean
               Sea
               ;
               and
               has
               this
               Name
               given
               it
               by
               the
               Greeks
               ,
               from
               the
               abundance
               of
               Palm
               Trees
               that
               are
               found
               growing
               therein
               ,
               the
               Word
               signifying
               in
               that
               Language
               a
               Palm
               :
               As
               for
               the
               Country
               it self
               it
               is
               not
               great
               ,
               for
               though
               in
               Length
               it
               reaches
               to
               the
               further
               side
               of
               Mount
               Carmel
               ,
               and
               again
               to
               the
               River
               Volanus
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               ,
               the
               Breadth
               however
               is
               so
               inconsiderable
               ,
               that
               it
               rather
               seemeth
               a
               Sea-Coast
               ,
               than
               a
               Country
               ;
               nor
               did
               the
               Phaenicians
               less
               improve
               the
               opportunity
               in
               former
               times
               ,
               but
               were
               accounted
               the
               chief
               Navigators
               of
               the
               World.
               As
               for
               the
               Cities
               of
               note
               they
               are
               ,
               Acon
               ,
               seated
               in
               a
               Pleasant
               Plain
               of
               great
               Length
               ,
               Besieged
               by
               the
               Western
               Christians
               in
               their
               Expedition
               for
               the
               regaining
               the
               Holy
               Land.
               Sarepta
               ,
               the
               place
               where
               the
               Woman
               sustained
               Elias
               ,
               or
               rather
               he
               her
               ,
               by
               Miracle
               in
               the
               time
               of
               Famine
               :
               Tyre
               once
               a
               Famous
               Sea
               Town
               ,
               but
               now
               little
               of
               it
               remains
               :
               Sidon
               a
               Pleasant
               Place
               ,
               but
               wants
               of
               its
               former
               Largeness
               and
               Grandeur
               ,
               being
               reduced
               to
               a
               narrow
               compass
               .
               As
               for
               the
               chief
               Mountains
               they
               are
               Libanus
               and
               Carmel
               ;
               and
               as
               for
               Rivers
               there
               are
               few
               of
               note
               ,
               the
               principal
               being
               Adonis
               ,
               however
               the
               Country
               is
               Fruitful
               in
               Olives
               and
               Vines
               .
            
             
               COELO-SYRIA
               is
               more
               compacted
               than
               the
               former
               ,
               and
               is
               watered
               with
               the
               Rivers
               Abana
               and
               Pharaphar
               ,
               called
               in
               Scripture
               the
               Rivers
               of
               Damascus
               ,
               and
               has
               in
               it
               the
               Mountains
               of
               Asmadamus
               ,
               
               a
               ridg
               of
               Hills
               beginning
               at
               the
               East
               Point
               of
               Ante-Libanus
               ,
               and
               bending
               directly
               Southward
               ,
               shuts
               up
               that
               part
               from
               the
               Land
               of
               Israel
               ,
               and
               has
               for
               its
               chief
               Towns
               Heliopolis
               ,
               so
               called
               from
               an
               Image
               of
               the
               Sun
               formerly
               Worshipped
               there
               ;
               
                 Chalcis
                 ,
                 Abila
                 ,
                 Adida
                 ,
                 Hippus
                 ,
              
               or
               
                 Hypone
                 ,
                 Capitolias
                 ,
                 Gadara
                 ,
                 Gerasa
                 ,
                 Scythopolis
                 ,
                 Philadelphia
              
               and
               Damascus
               ,
               the
               Head
               of
               this
               Province
               ,
               once
               a
               Famous
               City
               ,
               but
               now
               reduced
               to
               a
               small
               compass
               ,
               however
               it
               is
               Scituate
               in
               a
               large
               Plain
               ,
               Invironed
               with
               Hills
               ,
               and
               watered
               by
               the
               River
               Chrysorhe●●
               ,
               having
               about
               it
               many
               pleasant
               Gardens
               ,
               Orchards
               and
               Fountains
               ;
               and
               indeed
               the
               whole
               Country
               ,
               where
               the
               Mountains
               interpose
               not
               ,
               is
               a
               Terrestrial
               Paradice
               ,
               which
               made
               the
               Impostor
               Mahomet
               refuse
               it
               for
               his
               Regal
               Seat
               ,
               lest
               swallowed
               up
               in
               the
               Delights
               and
               Pleasures
               of
               that
               Country
               ,
               he
               should
               forget
               his
               Business
               .
            
             
               SYRO-PHAENICIA
               is
               a
               third
               Provinc●
               of
               this
               Kingdom
               ,
               and
               has
               for
               its
               chief
               Cities
               and
               Towns
               Aleppo
               ,
               a
               considerable
               Mart
               Town
               ,
               though
               not
               bordering
               on
               the
               Sea
               ,
               but
               standing
               within
               the
               Land
               ,
               for
               hither
               the
               Merchants
               of
               
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 Arabi●
              
               and
               Persia
               ,
               come
               over
               Land
               with
               their
               Camels
               Laden
               with
               Silks
               ,
               Cloth
               of
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               ,
               Drugs
               ,
               Spices
               ,
               
                 &c.
                 
                 Biblis
                 ,
                 Tripolis
              
               a
               place
               taken
               and
               possessed
               by
               the
               Western
               Christians
               ,
               in
               their
               Expedition
               to
               the
               Holy
               Land
               ,
               and
               is
               a
               very
               considerable
               Sea-Port
               Town
               ,
               Fortified
               with
               a
               strong
               Wall
               ,
               and
               many
               Towns
               ,
               and
               has
               many
               Store-houses
               for
               the
               Accommodation
               of
               Merchants
               ;
               and
               that
               part
               of
               the
               Mountain
               Libanus
               ,
               that
               stretches
               upon
               it
               like
               a
               Curtain
               ,
               abounds
               with
               Fruit
               Trees
               ,
               Vines
               ,
               and
               Trees
               harbouring
               abundance
               of
               Silk
               Worms
               ;
               but
               of
               this
               Country
               Antiochia
               is
               accounted
               the
               Metropolis
               ,
               and
               not
               far
               from
               it
               is
               the
               River
               Orontes
               ,
               which
               beginning
               in
               Coelo-Syria
               ,
               ingulfs
               it self
               and
               riseth
               near
               Apamea
               ,
               watering
               Antiochia
               ,
               and
               passing
               thence
               16
               
               Miles
               ;
               falls
               into
               the
               Mediterranean
               Sea
               ,
               and
               from
               hence
               come
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               our
               Tapistry
               Hangings
               .
            
             
               The
               Building
               in
               this
               Country
               ,
               and
               indeed
               in
               all
               Syria
               ,
               is
               one
               high
               Roof
               ,
               with
               a
               plain
               Top
               ,
               Plaistered
               or
               Terrassed
               to
               walk
               on
               the
               Plat-form
               ,
               and
               Arched
               Cloisters
               before
               the
               Doors
               ,
               so
               that
               People
               may
               walk
               dry
               in
               the
               Streets
               ,
               in
               all
               Weathers
               .
               As
               for
               Religion
               they
               are
               as
               the
               first
               ,
               a
               mixture
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
               A
               Description
               of
               the
               Land
               of
               PALESTINE
               .
            
             
               PALESTINE
               is
               bounded
               with
               the
               Hills
               of
               Hermon
               ;
               on
               the
               East
               parted
               by
               them
               from
               Coelo-Syria
               ,
               and
               
                 Arabia
                 Deserta
              
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               Mediterranean
               Sea
               ,
               and
               some
               part
               of
               Phaenicia
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Ante-Libanus
               ,
               and
               the
               remaining
               part
               of
               Phaenicia
               ;
               on
               the
               South
               with
               Arabia
               the
               Stony
               ,
               called
               Palestine
               ,
               from
               the
               Philistines
               ,
               a
               People
               that
               Inhabit
               it
               ;
               but
               it
               is
               not
               conjectured
               they
               held
               any
               more
               than
               a
               part
               of
               it
               ,
               but
               being
               very
               Powerful
               gave
               a
               general
               Name
               to
               this
               Country
               ;
               as
               the
               Asiaticks
               usually
               call
               the
               Europeans
               Franks
               ,
               from
               France
               ,
               which
               is
               only
               a
               small
               part
               of
               it
               ;
               however
               we
               will
               take
               it
               as
               formerly
               it
               stood
               ,
               viz.
               its
               Division
               into
               
                 Galilea
                 ,
                 Judea
                 ,
                 Idumea
              
               ,
               and
               Samaria
               ,
               accounted
               200
               Miles
               in
               Length
               ,
               though
               not
               above
               50
               in
               Breadth
               ,
               possessed
               by
               the
               Tribes
               of
               Israel
               ,
               as
               the
               Land
               Promised
               to
               
                 Abraham
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               
            
             
               GALILEA
               is
               accounted
               the
               most
               Northern
               Part
               of
               Palestine
               ,
               being
               divided
               into
               the
               higher
               and
               lower
               ,
               the
               first
               allotted
               to
               the
               Tribes
               of
               
                 Napthali
                 ,
                 Asher
              
               ,
               and
               part
               of
               the
               Tribe
               of
               Dan
               ,
               is
               a
               pleasant
               Country
               abounding
               with
               all
               manner
               of
               Fruits
               ,
               and
               Exuberant
               ,
               that
               for
               its
               Plenty
               this
               Conjunct
               with
               the
               rest
               ,
               was
               called
               a
               Land
               flowing
               with
               Milk
               and
               Honey
               ;
               the
               chief
               Cities
               being
               Apheck
               ,
               whose
               Wall
               falling
               slew
               27000
               of
               
               Benhadad's
               Soldiers
               .
               Giscala
               ,
               the
               
               Birth-place
               of
               Jehu
               ,
               who
               Slew
               Joram
               his
               Master
               ,
               and
               took
               upon
               him
               the
               Kingdom
               ;
               here
               is
               likewise
               found
               Capernaum
               ,
               where
               our
               Blessed
               Saviour
               healed
               the
               Centurions
               Servant
               ,
               and
               Fed
               3000
               with
               5
               Loaves
               and
               2
               Fishes
               ;
               not
               far
               from
               it
               Ribla
               ,
               where
               Unfortunate
               King
               Zedekiah
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               seen
               the
               slaughter
               of
               his
               Children
               ,
               had
               his
               Eyes
               put
               out
               ,
               and
               to
               these
               we
               may
               add
               
                 Genesareth
                 ,
                 Hamath
              
               ,
               and
               Ramath
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               lower
               Galilea
               ,
               it
               contained
               the
               Tribes
               of
               Zebulon
               and
               Issachar
               ,
               and
               the
               first
               of
               these
               had
               for
               their
               chief
               Cities
               Cana
               ,
               where
               our
               Blessed
               Saviour
               wrought
               his
               first
               Miracle
               ;
               Bethsaida
               ,
               the
               Birth
               place
               of
               St.
               Peter
               ,
               St.
               Andrew
               ,
               and
               St.
               
                 Philip.
                 Hippopolis
                 ,
                 Tiberias
              
               on
               the
               Sea
               Coast
               ,
               and
               some
               other
               Towns
               of
               lesser
               note
               ,
               as
               Nazareth
               ,
               and
               Bethulia
               ;
               here
               is
               likewise
               found
               the
               Mount
               Tabor
               ,
               on
               which
               our
               Lord
               was
               Transfigured
               ,
               as
               a
               manifestation
               of
               his
               Glory
               ;
               as
               also
               the
               Brook
               Kishon
               ,
               out
               of
               which
               flows
               the
               Famous
               River
               bearing
               that
               Name
               .
            
             
               The
               principal
               places
               appertaining
               to
               the
               Tribe
               of
               Issachar
               ,
               were
               Tarichea
               ,
               on
               the
               side
               of
               the
               Lake
               ,
               about
               Eight
               miles
               from
               Tiberias
               ,
               and
               was
               so
               stoutly
               defended
               against
               Vespatian
               ,
               that
               it
               cost
               him
               the
               Lives
               of
               1200
               men
               ,
               before
               he
               made
               himself
               Master
               of
               it
               ;
               Chishon
               a
               City
               of
               the
               Levites
               ,
               Rameth
               ,
               called
               also
               Jarmouth
               ,
               another
               City
               of
               the
               Levites
               ,
               where
               the
               Hills
               of
               Gilboa
               take
               their
               beginning
               ,
               and
               pass
               Westward
               to
               the
               Mediterranean
               ,
               and
               East
               to
               
                 Jezreel
                 ;
                 En-haddad
              
               ,
               near
               which
               Saul
               being
               discomfited
               by
               the
               Philistins
               ,
               slew
               himself
               in
               dispair
               .
               Nai●
               on
               the
               Banks
               of
               the
               River
               Kison
               ,
               where
               our
               blessed
               Saviour
               raised
               the
               Widows
               Son
               to
               Life
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               Banks
               of
               the
               same
               River
               standeth
               Haphraim
               or
               
                 Aphraim
                 ,
                 Endor
              
               ,
               the
               place
               where
               Saul
               consulted
               the
               Witch
               ,
               about
               the
               raising
               
                 Samuel
                 ;
                 Deborath
              
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Cities
               of
               Refuge
               ,
               Arbela
               ,
               &c.
               
               And
               although
               these
               Tribes
               are
               held
               to
               be
               carried
               away
               by
               
               Salmanasser
               ,
               and
               the
               Galileans
               placed
               in
               their
               stead
               ,
               yet
               they
               were
               strict
               Complyers
               with
               the
               Jewish
               Ceremonies
               and
               Customs
               ,
               and
               so
               zealously
               affected
               that
               neither
               Threats
               nor
               Force
               could
               oblige
               them
               to
               offer
               Sacrifice
               to
               the
               Health
               of
               the
               Roman
               Emperors
               .
            
             
               SAMARIA
               ,
               The
               Country
               taking
               its
               name
               from
               the
               chief
               City
               ,
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               the
               River
               Jordan
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               Miditerranean
               Sea
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Galilee
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               South
               with
               Judea
               :
               And
               gives
               in
               all
               parts
               a
               curious
               Prospect
               of
               pleasant
               Fields
               and
               Valleys
               ,
               with
               little
               rising
               Hills
               ,
               from
               whence
               issue
               refreshing
               Streams
               ;
               and
               is
               every
               scattered
               over
               with
               Fountains
               ,
               affording
               abundance
               of
               Grass
               ,
               and
               consequently
               a
               great
               number
               of
               Cattle
               ;
               and
               the
               People
               were
               for
               the
               most
               part
               Assyrians
               ,
               sent
               thither
               by
               that
               Conquering
               King
               to
               supply
               the
               places
               of
               the
               Captive
               Israelites
               ,
               and
               were
               Gentiles
               at
               first
               ,
               till
               better
               instructed
               by
               the
               Lyons
               God
               sent
               amongst
               them
               ,
               and
               afterward
               by
               the
               Priest
               ,
               who
               returned
               with
               the
               Five
               Books
               of
               Moses
               ,
               and
               taught
               them
               the
               manner
               of
               the
               God
               of
               the
               Land
               ,
               
                 2
                 Kings
                 17.
              
               
               However
               they
               frequently
               relapsed
               and
               forsook
               their
               living
               Strength
               ,
               as
               may
               be
               seen
               in
               Holy
               Writ
               :
               and
               this
               Province
               upon
               its
               being
               first
               possessed
               by
               the
               Children
               of
               Israel
               ,
               was
               allotted
               to
               the
               Tribe
               of
               Ephraim
               ,
               and
               the
               two
               half
               Tribes
               of
               Manasses
               ;
               the
               one
               seated
               on
               the
               Mediterranean
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               beyond
               Jordan
               .
               In
               the
               half
               Tribe
               of
               Manasses
               ,
               on
               the
               Mediterranean
               ,
               the
               chief
               Cities
               were
               found
               to
               be
               
                 Bethsan
                 ,
                 Terza
                 ,
                 Acrabata
                 ,
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 Ephra
              
               or
               
                 Hophra
                 ,
                 Asophon
                 ,
                 Bezek
                 ,
                 Jezreel
                 ,
                 Megiddo
                 ,
                 Dora
              
               or
               
                 Dor
                 ,
                 Caesarea
              
               ;
               and
               others
               ,
               many
               of
               them
               memorable
               in
               Scripture
               upon
               sundry
               occasions
               .
            
             
               The
               Tribe
               of
               Ephraim
               had
               for
               their
               chief
               Cities
               ,
               or
               most
               considerable
               places
               ,
               Saron
               ,
               on
               the
               
                 Mediterranean
                 ,
                 Lydda
                 ,
                 Ajalon
              
               or
               Helon
               ,
               a
               City
               of
               the
               
               Levites
               ;
               Thenath-Chares
               ,
               given
               to
               
                 Josuah
                 ,
                 Adasa
              
               or
               Adarsa
               ,
               where
               
                 Judas
                 Macchabeus
              
               overthrew
               with
               3000
               men
               ,
               the
               vast
               Army
               of
               
                 Nicanor
                 :
                 Jefleti
              
               or
               Pelethi
               ,
               giving
               name
               to
               the
               Pelethites
               ,
               that
               were
               of
               
               David's
               Guard
               :
               Silo
               scituate
               on
               the
               top
               of
               a
               lofty
               Mountain
               ,
               and
               the
               receptacle
               of
               the
               Ark
               ,
               till
               taken
               by
               the
               
                 Philistines
                 ;
                 Michmas
                 ,
                 Najoth
                 ,
                 Bethoron
                 ,
              
               the
               City
               of
               the
               
                 Levites
                 ,
                 Pirhathon
                 ,
                 Simor
              
               ,
               and
               Samaria
               ,
               the
               Metropolis
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Israel
               ,
               founded
               by
               Omri
               ,
               one
               of
               their
               Kings
               ,
               on
               the
               top
               of
               the
               Mountain
               Samron
               ,
               taking
               thence
               its
               name
               ,
               overlooking
               the
               Sea-coast
               ,
               and
               was
               very
               stately
               and
               magnificent
               ,
               vying
               with
               Jerusalem
               ,
               but
               much
               impaired
               by
               the
               Wars
               that
               have
               frequently
               happened
               ,
               and
               at
               this
               day
               scarce
               to
               be
               found
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               extreamly
               wanting
               of
               its
               former
               Glory
               ;
               and
               in
               this
               compass
               mixed
               together
               in
               a
               manner
               the
               other
               Tribes
               mentioned
               were
               contained
               .
            
             
               JVDEA
               ,
               The
               Country
               of
               the
               more
               peculiar
               remnant
               of
               the
               Jews
               ,
               containing
               the
               Tribe
               of
               Juda
               ,
               but
               may
               be
               said
               to
               be
               divided
               between
               the
               Philistines
               ,
               the
               Tribes
               of
               
                 Dan
                 ,
                 Simeon
              
               ,
               and
               Benjamin
               :
               At
               first
               the
               Philistines
               commanded
               the
               Sea
               Coast
               from
               the
               South
               of
               Phaenicia
               ,
               to
               the
               North
               of
               Idumea
               ,
               or
               from
               the
               City
               of
               Gaza
               ,
               to
               the
               Castle
               of
               Pilgrims
               ,
               taking
               both
               ,
               except
               Joppa
               ,
               into
               the
               Accompt
               ,
               and
               but
               that
               and
               all
               the
               Northern
               Towns
               were
               the
               Israelites
               ;
               and
               though
               the
               Philistines
               held
               no
               more
               then
               six
               of
               note
               ,
               yet
               they
               were
               of
               such
               importance
               and
               so
               strongly
               fortified
               ,
               that
               having
               the
               Edomites
               to
               back
               them
               ,
               and
               some
               other
               Neighbours
               ,
               who
               relished
               not
               the
               Jewish
               Nation
               ,
               they
               perplexed
               and
               wearied
               them
               continually
               with
               Wars
               and
               Inroads
               ,
               and
               became
               more
               troublesom
               ,
               than
               the
               whole
               body
               of
               the
               Canaanites
               ;
               which
               Towns
               were
               Gath
               or
               Geth
               ,
               where
               the
               Giant
               Goliah
               slain
               by
               David
               was
               Born
               ;
               Accaron
               on
               the
               South
               of
               Gath
               ,
               a
               Town
               of
               great
               Wealth
               and
               Power
               ;
               Ashdod
               ,
               by
               the
               Grecians
               called
               
               Azotos
               ,
               Memorable
               for
               the
               Temple
               of
               Dagon
               ,
               whither
               the
               Ark
               of
               the
               Lord
               was
               carryed
               when
               taken
               by
               the
               
                 Philistines
                 ;
                 Ascalon
              
               ,
               Scituate
               on
               the
               Coast
               of
               the
               Mediterranean
               ,
               aad
               first
               Founded
               by
               a
               Noble
               
                 Lydian
                 ;
                 Gaza
              
               more
               Inland
               ,
               signifying
               in
               the
               Persian
               Language
               the
               Place
               of
               Treasure
               ,
               where
               indeed
               Cambyses
               layed
               up
               the
               Tribute
               of
               those
               Countries
               ;
               and
               Majoma
               the
               Port
               Town
               of
               Gaza
               :
               And
               in
               these
               they
               had
               their
               strong
               Holds
               ,
               from
               which
               they
               so
               often
               vexed
               the
               Israelites
               .
            
             
               The
               chief
               places
               possessed
               by
               the
               Tribe
               of
               Dan
               were
               Joppa
               ,
               since
               called
               Jaffa
               ,
               once
               a
               Famous
               Mart
               Town
               ,
               and
               the
               Principal
               Haven
               of
               those
               parts
               ,
               taken
               by
               the
               Christians
               in
               the
               Holy
               War
               ;
               Rama
               or
               as
               the
               Moors
               call'd
               it
               Romula
               ,
               built
               with
               Free-stone
               ,
               and
               scituate
               upon
               rising
               Hills
               ,
               in
               a
               Sandy
               Plain
               ,
               where
               yet
               remain
               the
               Ruines
               of
               a
               Monastery
               and
               several
               Christian
               Churches
               .
               Imnia
               ,
               the
               place
               where
               
                 Judas
                 Macchabeus
              
               Burnt
               the
               Syrian
               Fleet.
               Ceder
               ,
               or
               
                 Cedron
                 ;
                 Modini
              
               ,
               where
               the
               Macchabees
               were
               Buried
               ;
               
                 Gibbethon
                 ,
                 Cariathjarim
                 ,
                 Beth-shemesh
              
               ,
               to
               which
               the
               Ark
               was
               brought
               by
               the
               Oxen
               ,
               when
               dismiss'd
               by
               the
               
                 Philistines
                 ;
                 Tisrah
                 ,
                 Caspin
                 ,
                 Lachis
                 ,
                 Ajalon
                 ,
              
               a
               City
               of
               the
               Levites
               ,
               mentioned
               before
               in
               the
               Tribe
               of
               Ephraim
               ,
               in
               the
               Borders
               whereof
               it
               is
               Scituate
               ;
               which
               occasions
               Authors
               to
               disagree
               in
               which
               Tribe
               to
               place
               it
               ,
               and
               therefore
               leave
               it
               indifferently
               to
               either
               .
            
             
               To
               the
               Tribe
               of
               Simeon
               is
               ascribed
               the
               Cities
               and
               Towns
               of
               
                 Gerar
                 ;
                 Siceleg
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Ziglag
                 ;
                 Haijn
              
               ,
               a
               City
               of
               
                 Levites
                 ;
                 Cariath-Sepher
              
               ,
               Interpreted
               the
               City
               of
               Books
               ,
               within
               the
               Borders
               of
               Simeon
               ,
               but
               appertaining
               to
               Judah
               ;
               and
               Chorma
               ,
               with
               others
               of
               smaller
               note
               ,
               rather
               Villages
               than
               Towns.
               
            
             
               The
               Tribe
               of
               Judah
               ,
               so
               called
               from
               Judah
               the
               Fourth
               Son
               of
               Leah
               ,
               had
               for
               its
               Lot
               Arda
               ,
               Scituate
               in
               the
               Entrance
               of
               
                 Judea
                 ;
                 Hebron
              
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Antientest
               Cities
               of
               the
               Canaanites
               ,
               formerly
               Inhabited
               
               by
               the
               Giant-like
               Sons
               of
               Anakim
               ,
               or
               Anak
               ,
               the
               Word
               signifying
               a
               Chain
               ,
               and
               here
               it
               was
               that
               Abraham
               bought
               a
               Buryal
               Place
               for
               his
               Dead
               ,
               and
               Buried
               his
               Wife
               
                 Sarah
                 ;
                 Tecoa
              
               ,
               the
               City
               of
               
                 Amos
                 ;
                 Jether
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Jutter
                 ;
                 Maresa
              
               ,
               where
               the
               Prophet
               Micah
               was
               born
               ;
               Emmaus
               ,
               since
               called
               
                 Nicopolis
                 ;
                 Hasor
              
               ,
               or
               Chatsor
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Frontier
               Towns
               of
               
                 Idumea
                 ;
                 Odalla
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Hadullun
                 ;
                 Ceila
              
               ,
               or
               Keila
               ,
               where
               David
               hid
               himself
               when
               he
               fled
               from
               
                 Saul
                 ;
                 Eleutheropolis
              
               ,
               or
               the
               free
               City
               ,
               not
               far
               from
               
                 Hebron
                 ;
                 Azeca
                 ;
                 Beth-sur
              
               ,
               or
               Bethsora
               ,
               signifying
               the
               House
               of
               Rocks
               ,
               alluded
               from
               its
               standing
               on
               a
               Rocky
               Hill
               ;
               Adoram
               bordering
               on
               the
               Dead
               Sea
               ;
               Zore
               ,
               in
               former
               times
               called
               Bela
               ,
               but
               took
               its
               Name
               from
               the
               words
               of
               Lot
               ,
               the
               word
               Tsohor
               ,
               Importing
               Refuge
               ,
               Safety
               ,
               or
               Deliverance
               ;
               Massada
               a
               strong
               Hold
               ;
               Libna
               a
               strong
               Fortified
               City
               ,
               seated
               in
               the
               Corner
               of
               Juda
               between
               the
               Tribes
               of
               Dan
               and
               
                 Benjamin
                 ;
                 Ziph
              
               in
               the
               Wilderness
               ,
               where
               Saul
               came
               to
               pursue
               David
               .
            
             
               BETHLEHEM
               call'd
               Bethlehem-Judah
               ,
               to
               distinguish
               it
               from
               one
               of
               the
               same
               name
               in
               Zebulon
               ,
               the
               Birth
               place
               of
               our
               Blessed
               Saviour
               ,
               and
               the
               Grave
               of
               those
               Innocents
               that
               suffer'd
               on
               his
               account
               by
               the
               Cruelty
               of
               Herod
               .
               As
               for
               the
               Territories
               of
               these
               Cities
               and
               Towns
               ,
               they
               are
               exceeding
               fruitful
               ,
               and
               in
               many
               of
               the
               Valleys
               are
               Gardens
               of
               Balsam
               or
               Opobalsamum
               Trees
               .
            
             
               The
               Tribe
               of
               Benjamin
               had
               for
               its
               Portion
               the
               Cities
               of
               
                 Mizpeh
                 ,
                 Gebah
                 ,
                 Gibeah
                 ,
                 Ai
                 ,
                 Gibeon
                 ,
                 Jericho
                 ,
                 Anathoth
                 ,
                 Nob
                 ,
                 Gilgal
                 ,
                 Bethel
                 ,
                 Ramath
                 ,
              
               differrent
               from
               what
               has
               been
               mentioned
               ;
               Chadi
               ,
               or
               
                 Haidi
                 ,
                 Lod
              
               and
               Ono
               ;
               but
               the
               chief
               Magnificence
               of
               this
               Tribe
               ,
               was
               the
               Famous
               City
               of
               Jerusalem
               ,
               scituate
               upon
               a
               Rocky
               Mountain
               ,
               yet
               in
               most
               parts
               easie
               of
               ascent
               ;
               Invironed
               with
               Neighbouring
               Hills
               ▪
               and
               consisted
               in
               its
               most
               flourishing
               time
               of
               four
               parts
               ,
               separated
               by
               several
               Walls
               ,
               resembling
               distinct
               
               Cities
               ,
               divided
               into
               the
               upper
               ,
               lower
               and
               new
               Cities
               ;
               together
               with
               the
               City
               of
               Herod
               ,
               which
               made
               the
               Fourth
               division
               ;
               all
               the
               Walls
               fortified
               with
               Towers
               and
               Castles
               ,
               and
               the
               Cities
               stor'd
               with
               stately
               Buildings
               ,
               Fountains
               ,
               and
               pleasant
               Gardens
               ;
               but
               all
               these
               exceeded
               by
               the
               magnificence
               of
               the
               Temple
               ,
               held
               to
               be
               the
               chief
               wonder
               of
               the
               World
               ;
               the
               Description
               of
               which
               is
               lively
               set
               down
               in
               the
               Old
               Testament
               ;
               wherefore
               it
               will
               be
               superfluous
               here
               to
               delineate
               it
               ,
               though
               at
               this
               day
               its
               Glory
               is
               laid
               in
               the
               dust
               .
            
             
               The
               Tribe
               of
               Levi
               ,
               though
               properly
               a
               Tribe
               of
               the
               Israelites
               ,
               had
               no
               Possessions
               assigned
               it
               ,
               but
               had
               the
               Priesthood
               for
               its
               Inheritance
               ;
               and
               therefore
               scattered
               or
               planted
               in
               divers
               Cities
               ,
               assigned
               for
               the
               Levitical
               Residence
               ;
               being
               as
               Jacob
               their
               Father
               had
               before
               Prophesied
               :
               divided
               in
               Jacob
               ,
               and
               scattered
               in
               Israel
               ,
               their
               Portions
               being
               to
               live
               on
               the
               Altar
               ,
               and
               the
               Tenths
               of
               the
               Offerings
               ,
               &c.
               and
               as
               it
               is
               in
               
                 Joshua
                 18.
                 17.
                 
                 The
                 Priesthood
                 of
                 the
                 Lord
                 was
                 their
                 Inheritance
                 .
              
               And
               of
               these
               there
               were
               four
               Kinds
               or
               Distinctions
               .
               1.
               
               Punies
               or
               Tirones
               ,
               which
               from
               their
               Childhood
               ,
               till
               the
               25
               year
               of
               their
               Age
               ,
               were
               obliged
               to
               Learn
               the
               duty
               of
               their
               Office
               ,
               2.
               
               Graduats
               which
               were
               obliged
               for
               4
               years
               to
               study
               the
               Law
               ,
               or
               till
               they
               were
               well
               grounded
               in
               it
               .
               3.
               
               Licentiates
               who
               actually
               exercised
               the
               Priestly
               Office
               :
               And
               4
               the
               Doctors
               or
               Rabbins
               ,
               who
               where
               of
               the
               highest
               Order
               ,
               and
               expounded
               the
               Law
               to
               the
               People
               .
            
             
               IDVMEA
               is
               a
               part
               of
               Palestine
               ,
               separate
               from
               the
               Tribes
               commonly
               called
               the
               Land
               of
               Edom
               ;
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               and
               South
               with
               Arabia
               the
               Stony
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Judea
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               
                 Mediterranean
                 Sea
              
               ;
               Inhabited
               by
               the
               Children
               of
               Esau
               Brother
               to
               Jacob
               ;
               and
               is
               a
               very
               fruitful
               Country
               towards
               the
               Sea
               coast
               ;
               but
               that
               bordering
               on
               Arabia
               is
               somewhat
               Barren
               and
               Mountainous
               
               though
               they
               heretofore
               afforded
               Balm
               ,
               and
               now
               a
               great
               many
               Palm-trees
               grow
               there
               ;
               as
               for
               the
               People
               ,
               they
               are
               ,
               and
               antiently
               were
               ,
               rude
               ,
               boisterous
               and
               untractable
               ,
               given
               much
               to
               Violence
               ,
               and
               were
               no
               small
               contributers
               ,
               by
               raising
               a
               Sedition
               in
               Jerusalem
               ,
               to
               the
               Destruction
               of
               that
               famous
               City
               by
               the
               Romans
               ,
               under
               Titus
               ;
               and
               had
               for
               their
               chief
               Cities
               and
               Towns
               ,
               Dinhahath
               ,
               the
               City
               of
               Bela
               ,
               the
               first
               King
               of
               
                 Edom
                 ,
                 Aniath
              
               the
               City
               of
               Hadad
               ,
               and
               Pan
               the
               City
               of
               Hadar
               ;
               two
               other
               Kings
               of
               this
               Country
               ,
               mentioned
               in
               
                 Genesis
                 ,
                 Berzamna
                 ,
                 Caparosa
                 ,
                 Gamararis
                 ,
                 Elasa
                 ,
                 Rossa
                 ,
                 Rhinocurura
                 ,
                 Raphia
                 ,
              
               and
               others
               ,
               with
               many
               scattered
               Castles
               and
               Villages
               ;
               and
               of
               this
               Country
               the
               Horites
               are
               thought
               to
               be
               the
               first
               Inhabitants
               ;
               amongst
               whom
               Esau
               ,
               upon
               the
               discontent
               he
               received
               by
               his
               Brothers
               circumventing
               him
               of
               the
               Blessing
               ,
               went
               to
               dwell
               ,
               and
               took
               to
               him
               Wives
               of
               the
               Daughters
               of
               the
               People
               of
               the
               Land
               ;
               and
               as
               though
               the
               two
               Brothers
               Difference
               had
               been
               inherent
               to
               Posterity
               ,
               the
               Edomites
               alwaies
               proved
               mortal
               Enemies
               to
               the
               Israelites
               ,
               not
               only
               siding
               with
               their
               Enemies
               ,
               but
               making
               continual
               War
               and
               Inroads
               upon
               them
               their selves
               .
            
             
               The
               other
               Parts
               of
               Palestine
               ,
               which
               may
               properly
               be
               so
               called
               ,
               are
               the
               Divisions
               of
               Peraea
               and
               Ituraea
               ,
               and
               the
               first
               of
               these
               lies
               between
               the
               Mountains
               of
               Arnon
               ,
               and
               the
               River
               Jordan
               ,
               abounding
               with
               Olives
               ,
               Vines
               ,
               and
               Palm-Trees
               ,
               the
               Soil
               every
               where
               being
               exceeding
               Rich
               ,
               and
               was
               formerly
               the
               Habitation
               of
               the
               
                 Midianites
                 ,
                 Moabites
              
               ,
               and
               Ammonites
               ,
               as
               also
               of
               the
               two
               Tribes
               of
               Gad
               and
               Reuben
               .
            
             
               The
               Quarter
               of
               the
               Midianites
               was
               at
               the
               South
               Side
               of
               the
               Dead
               Sea
               ,
               at
               the
               very
               entrance
               of
               the
               Country
               ,
               and
               were
               held
               to
               Descend
               from
               one
               or
               more
               of
               the
               5
               Sons
               of
               Madian
               the
               Son
               of
               Abraham
               ,
               by
               Keturah
               ,
               mentioned
               in
               
                 Gen.
                 25.
                 4.
              
               and
               had
               
               for
               their
               chief
               Cities
               Recome
               ,
               Built
               by
               one
               of
               the
               
                 5
                 Midianitish
              
               Kings
               ,
               slain
               by
               Joshua
               ;
               and
               Midian
               on
               the
               bank
               of
               the
               Dead
               Sea
               ;
               and
               these
               were
               they
               ,
               that
               by
               the
               advice
               of
               Balaam
               ,
               sent
               out
               their
               Beautiful
               Women
               to
               Insnare
               the
               Israelites
               ,
               upon
               their
               entrance
               into
               the
               Land
               of
               Canaan
               .
            
             
               The
               Moabites
               Possessed
               all
               that
               part
               of
               the
               Country
               ,
               from
               the
               boundards
               of
               the
               Midianites
               on
               the
               South
               ,
               as
               far
               as
               Esebon
               on
               the
               North
               ,
               on
               both
               sides
               the
               River
               Arnon
               ,
               having
               the
               River
               Jordan
               on
               the
               West
               ,
               and
               the
               Hills
               of
               Abarim
               on
               the
               East
               ,
               first
               possessed
               by
               the
               Emmims
               ,
               a
               Race
               of
               Giants
               ,
               whose
               Principal
               City
               was
               
                 Sheneth
                 Kirjathaim
              
               ,
               but
               they
               being
               Vanquished
               by
               Chedorlaomer
               ;
               and
               driven
               thence
               ,
               their
               forsaken
               Seats
               were
               possessed
               by
               the
               Moabites
               ,
               Descended
               from
               Moab
               one
               of
               the
               Sons
               of
               Lot
               ,
               and
               had
               for
               their
               Cities
               in
               chief
               Rabbat
               ,
               the
               Regal
               Seat
               of
               Balak
               King
               of
               
                 Moab
                 ;
                 Diblathum
                 ,
                 Gallim
                 ,
                 Muthana
                 ,
                 Nathaliel
                 ,
                 Bamath
                 ,
                 Mispha
                 ,
                 Hor
                 ,
                 Kirhajareth
                 ,
              
               and
               some
               few
               others
               of
               little
               note
               ;
               and
               this
               Country
               God
               commanded
               Moses
               to
               spare
               ,
               because
               he
               had
               given
               it
               for
               an
               Inheritance
               to
               the
               Sons
               of
               Lot.
               
            
             
               The
               Ammonites
               had
               their
               Habitations
               on
               the
               North-East
               of
               the
               River
               Arnon
               ,
               and
               possessed
               all
               that
               Tract
               from
               Arnon
               on
               the
               ●ead
               of
               the
               River
               ,
               to
               the
               City
               Rabbah
               ,
               and
               on
               both
               sides
               the
               River
               Ja●oc
               ,
               as
               well
               within
               as
               without
               the
               Mountains
               of
               Galaad
               ,
               Antiently
               the
               Seat
               of
               the
               Raphaim
               and
               Zamzummins
               ,
               a
               Race
               of
               Giant-like
               People
               ;
               and
               had
               for
               their
               chief
               Cities
               Rabbah
               ,
               before
               which
               Vriah
               was
               Slain
               on
               the
               account
               of
               his
               Wife
               ;
               
                 Dothema
                 ,
                 Mitspa
              
               ,
               and
               others
               of
               lesser
               note
               ,
               and
               had
               continual
               War
               with
               Israel
               ,
               God
               appointing
               them
               as
               a
               Thorn
               in
               their
               side
               ,
               because
               they
               had
               not
               at
               first
               rooted
               them
               out
               of
               the
               Land.
               
            
             
               The
               Reubenites
               or
               Tribe
               of
               Reuben
               ,
               had
               their
               Dwellings
               appointed
               on
               the
               East
               side
               of
               Jordan
               ,
               
               having
               the
               Gadites
               on
               the
               North
               ,
               and
               the
               Arabian
               Desarts
               on
               the
               East
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               South
               the
               Land
               of
               Moab
               ,
               parted
               by
               the
               River
               Arnon
               ;
               whose
               chief
               Cities
               were
               
                 Abel
                 ,
                 Sittim
                 ,
                 Bethabara
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Beth-bara
                 ,
                 Machaerus
                 ,
                 Lasa
              
               or
               
                 Lesha
                 ,
                 Medeba
                 ,
                 Bosor
              
               or
               Bozra
               ,
               a
               City
               of
               Refuge
               to
               the
               
                 Levites
                 ;
                 Livias
              
               ,
               a
               Town
               Built
               by
               Herod
               ,
               in
               Honour
               of
               Livia
               the
               Mother
               of
               
                 Tiberius
                 Caesar
                 ;
                 Kedmoth
                 ,
                 Adom
                 ,
                 Heshbon
                 ,
                 Bamothbal
              
               ;
               and
               within
               their
               Territories
               is
               the
               Mount
               Nebo
               ,
               from
               whose
               Top
               Moses
               took
               a
               view
               of
               the
               Land
               of
               Canaan
               ;
               and
               joyning
               to
               it
               is
               the
               Hill
               Pisga
               ,
               or
               to
               say
               more
               truly
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Tops
               or
               Spires
               of
               the
               same
               Mountain
               .
            
             
               The
               Gadites
               ,
               so
               called
               from
               Gad
               the
               Seventh
               Son
               of
               Jacob
               ,
               begot
               on
               Zilpha
               the
               Hand-maid
               of
               Leah
               ,
               had
               their
               Lot
               of
               the
               Promised
               Land
               ,
               between
               the
               Reubenites
               on
               the
               South
               ,
               and
               half
               the
               Tribe
               of
               Menasses
               on
               the
               North
               ,
               the
               River
               Jordan
               on
               the
               West
               ,
               and
               the
               Mountains
               of
               Arnon
               on
               the
               East
               ;
               and
               inhabited
               the
               Cities
               of
               Aroer
               ,
               upon
               the
               Banks
               of
               the
               River
               
                 Arnon
                 ,
                 Dihon
              
               ,
               towards
               
                 Jordan
                 ;
                 Beth●mrah
                 ,
                 Natoroth
                 ,
                 Beth-haram
                 ,
                 Beth-ezob
                 ,
                 Mahanaim
                 ,
              
               so
               called
               from
               the
               Apparition
               of
               Angels
               ;
               
                 Succot●
                 ,
                 Jahzor
                 ,
                 Ramoth
                 ,
                 Penuel
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
               All
               the
               Plains
               of
               this
               Country
               being
               exceeding
               Fruitful
               ,
               as
               on
               purpose
               prepared
               for
               the
               Favourites
               of
               Heaven
               ;
               yet
               the
               People
               who
               had
               been
               brought
               out
               of
               Slavery
               with
               a
               mighty
               hand
               ,
               growing
               fat
               in
               these
               fruitful
               Fields
               ,
               soon
               forgot
               their
               Maker
               ,
               and
               went
               a
               Whoring
               after
               the
               Gods
               of
               the
               Strangers
               ,
               for
               which
               the
               Canaanites
               had
               been
               cast
               out
               of
               the
               Land.
               
            
             
               There
               were
               moreover
               in
               this
               Tract
               ,
               called
               the
               Land
               of
               Palestine
               ,
               the
               Trachonites
               inhabiting
               the
               Hilly
               Country
               ,
               bordering
               on
               the
               Ammonites
               ,
               called
               the
               Mountains
               of
               Gilead
               ,
               extending
               Northward
               as
               far
               as
               Libanus
               ,
               living
               ,
               as
               Josephus
               tells
               us
               ,
               for
               the
               most
               part
               ,
               in
               Woods
               and
               Caves
               ,
               upon
               Prey
               and
               Spoil
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
             
               The
               
                 Batanea
                 ▪
              
               a
               People
               living
               in
               a
               part
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Basan
               ,
               but
               their
               Kingdom
               ,
               upon
               the
               Arrival
               of
               the
               Children
               of
               Israel
               ,
               was
               given
               to
               the
               other
               half
               Tribe
               of
               Manasses
               ,
               and
               contained
               many
               fenced
               large
               Cities
               :
               The
               chief
               was
               Pella
               ,
               formerly
               called
               
                 But
                 is
              
               ,
               but
               the
               Name
               changed
               by
               Seleucius
               ,
               the
               great
               Assyrian
               King
               ,
               of
               the
               Greek
               Race
               ;
               destroyed
               by
               
                 Alexander
                 Janaeus
              
               ,
               a
               King
               of
               the
               Jews
               ,
               for
               refusing
               to
               admit
               the
               Law
               of
               Moses
               ,
               but
               afterward
               by
               Pompey
               the
               Great
               restored
               to
               its
               former
               Luster
               :
               And
               more
               memorable
               in
               Church
               History
               ,
               for
               the
               Voice
               heard
               from
               Heaven
               ,
               admonishing
               the
               Christians
               then
               in
               Jerusalem
               to
               retire
               thither
               ,
               that
               they
               might
               escape
               the
               Destruction
               that
               the
               Roman
               Army
               ,
               under
               the
               leading
               of
               Titus
               ,
               was
               about
               to
               bring
               upon
               that
               great
               and
               sinful
               City
               .
            
             
               Gessur
               ,
               since
               called
               Aurantis
               ,
               the
               last
               Division
               of
               Ituraea
               ,
               is
               North
               of
               Basan
               ,
               and
               was
               once
               accounted
               a
               Kingdom
               ;
               and
               had
               for
               its
               chief
               Cities
               
                 Hauran
                 ,
                 Gessur
                 ,
                 Mahacath
                 ,
                 Chatsar
                 ,
                 Hevanus
                 ,
              
               and
               others
               of
               lesser
               note
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               Country
               of
               Palestine
               in
               general
               ,
               or
               the
               promised
               Land
               ,
               it
               is
               taken
               by
               some
               to
               be
               the
               place
               where
               the
               Terrestrial
               Paradise
               stood
               ,
               and
               is
               indeed
               Fruitful
               ,
               even
               to
               a
               miracle
               ;
               for
               in
               most
               places
               there
               is
               an
               Eternal
               Spring
               ,
               and
               in
               Summer
               the
               Flowers
               alwaies
               smiling
               ,
               and
               the
               Vernant
               Trees
               seldom
               casting
               their
               ripe
               and
               mellowed
               Fruit
               before
               Blossoms
               and
               green
               Fruit
               take
               place
               ,
               and
               are
               naturally
               of
               extraordinary
               growth
               ;
               insomuch
               ,
               that
               we
               read
               ,
               when
               
                 Caleb
                 ,
                 Josuah
              
               ,
               and
               others
               ,
               went
               up
               to
               spie
               the
               Land
               ,
               they
               brought
               a
               cluster
               of
               Grapes
               ,
               as
               an
               earnest
               of
               the
               rest
               ,
               so
               large
               ,
               that
               they
               were
               obliged
               to
               carry
               it
               upon
               a
               Staff
               ,
               between
               two
               of
               them
               .
               And
               thus
               much
               for
               the
               Land
               of
               Palestine
               ,
               as
               it
               flourished
               in
               its
               most
               glorious
               daies
               ,
               but
               now
               its
               antient
               Inhabitants
               are
               scattered
               over
               the
               face
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               Turks
               possess
               their
               pleasant
               places
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               three
               ARABIA'S
               Described
               ,
               in
               their
               Countreys
               and
               Provinces
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 ARABIA
                 DESERTA
              
               ,
               called
               by
               the
               
                 Turks
                 Beriara
              
               ,
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               the
               Babylonian
               Territories
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               with
               some
               part
               of
               Palestine
               and
               Arabia
               the
               stony
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Mesopotami●
               and
               Palmyrene
               ;
               the
               first
               of
               these
               parting
               it
               from
               Euphrates
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               South
               with
               
                 Arabia
                 Petraea
              
               part
               ,
               and
               
                 Arabia
                 Felix
              
               ;
               and
               takes
               the
               name
               of
               Deserta
               from
               the
               great
               Desarts
               that
               are
               found
               in
               it
               ,
               all
               of
               loose
               Sands
               ,
               taking
               eight
               daies
               in
               passing
               over
               them
               ,
               which
               at
               certain
               times
               are
               carried
               so
               violently
               by
               the
               Wind
               ,
               that
               Travellers
               are
               overwhelmed
               under
               heaps
               and
               mountains
               of
               Dust
               ,
               and
               buryed
               Alive
               :
               as
               also
               are
               the
               Shepherds
               ,
               who
               build
               little
               Cots
               on
               the
               borders
               of
               these
               Desarts
               ,
               though
               very
               poor
               and
               despicable
               :
               as
               Lucan
               has
               it
               in
               his
               Pharsalia
               ;
               and
               thus
               Englished
               .
               
                 
                   The
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   Land
                   ,
                   the
                   Winds
                   do
                   bear
                
                 
                   Unto
                   the
                   Skies
                   ,
                   which
                   hangs
                   not
                   fixed
                   there
                   .
                
                 
                   His
                   House
                   and
                   Land
                   ,
                   the
                   Nasamonian
                   Seas
                   ,
                
                 
                   Fly
                   in
                   the
                   Wind
                   their
                   little
                   Cottages
                   .
                
                 
                   Blown
                   o'r
                   their
                   Heads
                   into
                   the
                   Air
                   as
                   high
                   ,
                
                 
                   As
                   from
                   a
                   Fire
                   the
                   Smoak
                   and
                   Sparkles
                   fly
                   ,
                
                 
                   Till
                   mounted
                   ,
                   Dust
                   like
                   Smoak
                   obscure
                   the
                   Sky
                   .
                
                 
                   Mountains
                   of
                   Dust
                   ,
                   the
                   South
                   Winds
                   furious
                   hand
                   ,
                
                 
                   Rolls
                   o'r
                   them
                   till
                   their
                   drown'd
                   in
                   heaps
                   of
                   Sand.
                   
                
              
            
             
               And
               indeed
               this
               whole
               Division
               of
               Arabia
               yields
               nothing
               pleasant
               ,
               being
               mostly
               inhabited
               by
               Thieves
               and
               Rovers
               ,
               who
               having
               committed
               Robberies
               and
               Outrages
               ,
               in
               more
               populous
               and
               wealthy
               Countries
               make
               this
               their
               retreat
               ,
               as
               knowing
               few
               will
               give
               themselves
               the
               trouble
               of
               looking
               for
               them
               in
               so
               waste
               and
               desolate
               a
               Country
               ;
               yet
               there
               are
               
               some
               few
               Cities
               and
               Towns
               found
               in
               it
               ,
               but
               those
               mostly
               on
               the
               Borders
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Sabe
              
               or
               Saba
               ,
               the
               Habitation
               of
               the
               Sabaeans
               ,
               that
               was
               so
               called
               from
               the
               Grandson
               of
               Abraham
               by
               Keturah
               ,
               mentioned
               
                 Gen.
                 25.
                 3.
              
               
               And
               these
               were
               they
               that
               plundered
               Job
               of
               his
               Cattle
               ;
               Thema
               ,
               supposed
               to
               be
               the
               City
               of
               Eliphaz
               the
               
                 Them
                 anite
              
               ,
               one
               of
               
               Job's
               Visitants
               ;
               
                 Shua
                 ,
                 Tharsacas
                 ,
                 Zagmais
                 ,
                 Phunton
                 ,
                 Oboth
                 ,
              
               and
               Reganna
               ;
               though
               they
               had
               no
               formal
               Government
               ,
               as
               being
               a
               disjoynted
               People
               ,
               the
               poverty
               of
               the
               Country
               obliging
               every
               one
               to
               shift
               as
               he
               could
               ;
               although
               now
               counted
               part
               of
               the
               Turkish
               Empire
               ,
               it
               is
               so
               only
               in
               name
               rather
               than
               in
               effect
               ,
               as
               paying
               little
               or
               no
               Tribute
               to
               the
               Grand
               Signior
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               
                 Arabia
                 Petraea
              
               ,
               or
               the
               Stony
               ,
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Deserta
               ,
               and
               a
               part
               of
               
                 Sinus
                 Persicus
              
               ,
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               Isthmus
               ,
               that
               joyns
               Africa
               to
               Asia
               ,
               and
               part
               of
               the
               Red
               Sea
               ,
               or
               Arabian
               Gulph
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Palestine
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               South
               with
               a
               long
               ridge
               of
               Mountains
               ,
               dividing
               it
               from
               
                 Arabia
                 Felix
              
               ,
               and
               is
               called
               Petraea
               ,
               from
               its
               rockyness
               ,
               and
               the
               abundance
               of
               large
               Stones
               that
               are
               found
               every
               where
               in
               it
               ;
               and
               is
               indeed
               barren
               in
               a
               manner
               ,
               as
               the
               former
               ,
               but
               more
               firm
               and
               solid
               ,
               which
               gives
               it
               the
               preheminence
               in
               Fruitfulness
               ;
               and
               is
               full
               of
               woody
               Mountains
               ,
               wherein
               the
               wild
               Arabs
               lurk
               and
               fortifie
               themselves
               ,
               being
               reduced
               under
               Captains
               of
               Tribes
               ,
               as
               also
               untravell'd
               Desarts
               ,
               unless
               by
               such
               as
               carry
               their
               Provision
               with
               them
               for
               fear
               of
               starving
               ,
               and
               for
               that
               they
               are
               many
               times
               set
               upon
               and
               murthered
               by
               the
               Thieves
               and
               Rovers
               ;
               so
               that
               the
               general
               passage
               to
               Egypt
               and
               Babylon
               is
               by
               Caravans
               ,
               to
               defend
               which
               there
               seldom
               go
               less
               than
               4
               or
               500
               armed
               men
               ,
               where
               they
               carry
               their
               Merchandize
               upon
               Camels
               ,
               one
               of
               these
               Beasts
               carrying
               ordinarily
               6
               or
               800
               weight
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               a
               1000
               ,
               and
               are
               the
               fittest
               of
               all
               Creatures
               
               for
               this
               Journey
               ,
               because
               they
               will
               endure
               three
               or
               four
               daies
               together
               without
               drink
               ,
               in
               a
               Country
               where
               Water
               is
               not
               to
               be
               found
               ,
               but
               rather
               by
               chance
               than
               any
               certainty
               ;
               and
               of
               these
               Desarts
               the
               most
               memorable
               are
               those
               of
               
                 Sinan
                 ,
                 Pharan
              
               ;
               the
               Inhabitants
               said
               to
               descend
               from
               Chus
               and
               Ishmael
               ,
               intermixed
               with
               the
               Medianites
               ,
               who
               are
               held
               to
               be
               of
               the
               posterity
               of
               Madian
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Abraham
               by
               Keturah
               ,
               and
               have
               for
               their
               chief
               places
               ,
               Petra
               ,
               memorable
               for
               the
               many
               Sieges
               it
               has
               held
               out
               against
               the
               
                 Syrians
                 ,
                 Jews
              
               ,
               and
               Romans
               ,
               &c.
               
               And
               was
               much
               aimed
               at
               in
               the
               time
               of
               the
               Holy
               War
               ,
               even
               coveted
               by
               the
               Turks
               and
               Christians
               ,
               as
               a
               Gate
               or
               Inlet
               to
               
                 Palestine
                 ;
                 Bosra
              
               ,
               said
               to
               be
               built
               ,
               or
               rather
               repaired
               by
               
                 Augustus
                 Caesar
              
               ,
               to
               curb
               that
               wild
               and
               untractable
               Nation
               ;
               
                 Ph●ra
                 ,
                 Bernice
                 ,
                 Sur
                 ,
                 Havilah
                 ,
                 Madian
                 ,
                 Rephaim
                 ,
                 Kadesh-Barnea
                 ,
              
               and
               Thara
               ;
               and
               in
               this
               Country
               stands
               the
               famous
               Mount
               Sinai
               ,
               on
               which
               the
               Law
               was
               given
               ;
               and
               here
               for
               the
               most
               part
               it
               was
               that
               the
               Children
               of
               Israel
               suffered
               so
               much
               in
               the
               Wildernesses
               and
               Desarts
               ,
               during
               their
               progress
               to
               the
               Land
               of
               Canaan
               .
               And
               the
               Character
               Marcellinus
               gives
               more
               particularly
               of
               these
               Arabians
               ,
               is
               viz.
               
            
             
               That
               they
               are
               a
               martial
               People
               ,
               half
               naked
               ,
               clad
               only
               as
               far
               as
               the
               Groin
               ,
               with
               painted
               Cloaths
               ,
               ranging
               up
               and
               down
               upon
               Camels
               ,
               swift
               Horses
               ,
               and
               Dromedaries
               ,
               as
               well
               in
               Peace
               as
               times
               of
               Trouble
               ,
               not
               used
               to
               Plough
               ,
               plan●●
               Trees
               ,
               or
               get
               their
               Living
               by
               Tillage
               ,
               but
               wander
               for
               the
               most
               part
               ,
               from
               one
               place
               to
               another
               ,
               without
               any
               setled
               Habitation
               ;
               nor
               have
               they
               the
               use
               of
               Laws
               ,
               neither
               can
               they
               long
               endure
               the
               Air
               or
               Soil
               in
               one
               place
               :
               Their
               Food
               is
               chiefly
               upon
               Venison
               ,
               and
               store
               of
               Milk
               ,
               Herbs
               ,
               Fruits
               ,
               and
               Wild
               Foul
               ;
               but
               as
               for
               Corn
               and
               Wine
               they
               have
               none
               :
               their
               Wives
               are
               hired
               only
               for
               a
               time
               ,
               
               though
               for
               a
               shew
               of
               Marriage
               they
               present
               their
               Husbands
               with
               a
               Spear
               and
               a
               Tent
               ,
               as
               their
               Dowry
               ,
               though
               they
               part
               when
               they
               please
               ;
               and
               both
               Sexes
               are
               extreamly
               given
               to
               Lust
               ,
               the
               Women
               as
               rambling
               as
               the
               Men
               ,
               leaving
               their
               Children
               to
               the
               help
               of
               Providence
               ,
               where
               they
               fall
               without
               any
               further
               care
               of
               them
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               Rivers
               in
               this
               thirsty
               Land
               ,
               there
               are
               but
               few
               ,
               and
               the
               chief
               are
               
                 Trajanus
                 Amnis
                 ,
                 Trajans
              
               River
               passing
               through
               the
               Country
               ,
               and
               ending
               its
               course
               in
               the
               Red
               Sea
               ,
               Rinocorura
               ,
               called
               in
               Scripture
               the
               Torrent
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               rising
               in
               this
               Countrey
               ,
               and
               passing
               by
               the
               Borders
               of
               Idumea
               ,
               falls
               into
               the
               Lake
               of
               Sirbon
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               
                 ARABIA
                 FELIX
              
               ,
               or
               the
               Happy
               Arabia
               ,
               so
               call'd
               from
               its
               Fruitfulness
               ,
               supplying
               in
               a
               manner
               the
               defect
               of
               the
               foregoing
               ,
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               the
               Persian
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               Arabian
               Gulphs
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               with
               a
               continued
               ridg
               of
               Mountains
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               South
               with
               the
               main
               Ocean
               ,
               whose
               bounds
               is
               not
               known
               .
            
             
               In
               this
               Arabia
               ,
               the
               Fields
               ,
               Valleys
               and
               Hills
               are
               exceeding
               Fruitful
               ,
               abounding
               with
               Myrrh
               ,
               Frankincense
               ,
               Balsamum
               ,
               Spices
               ,
               Fruits
               of
               sundry
               kinds
               ,
               very
               delicious
               ;
               as
               also
               Gold
               ,
               precious
               Stones
               ,
               &c.
               and
               lying
               so
               commodiously
               on
               the
               Seas
               ,
               is
               acquainted
               with
               what
               ever
               Blessing
               ,
               either
               Element
               can
               afford
               ,
               well
               furnished
               with
               quiet
               Harbours
               ,
               and
               Roads
               for
               Shipping
               ,
               the
               Towns
               of
               Trade
               and
               Merchandise
               standing
               near
               together
               ,
               and
               the
               retiring
               Houses
               of
               the
               Kings
               neat
               and
               very
               sumptuous
               ,
               the
               Countrey
               being
               generally
               accommodated
               with
               wholsom
               Fountains
               ,
               and
               Medicinal
               Waters
               ,
               with
               sundry
               Brooks
               and
               Rivers
               cool
               and
               clear
               ,
               and
               the
               temperature
               of
               the
               Air
               exceeding
               healthful
               .
            
             
             
               And
               this
               Countrey
               by
               the
               Arabians
               themselves
               is
               called
               Jeman
               and
               Al-jeman
               ;
               and
               although
               the
               people
               are
               more
               Civil
               here
               than
               in
               the
               other
               parts
               ,
               yet
               they
               had
               and
               have
               many
               Barbarous
               Customs
               amongst
               them
               ,
               as
               Carnally
               knowing
               their
               nearest
               Relations
               ,
               holding
               Community
               of
               Wives
               ;
               and
               of
               dead
               Bodies
               no
               care
               is
               taken
               ,
               but
               they
               cast
               them
               into
               some
               Ditch
               or
               a
               Dung
               hill
               ,
               and
               are
               frequently
               a
               bragging
               of
               their
               descent
               from
               Jupiter
               ,
               foolishly
               neglecting
               all
               Arts
               and
               Sciences
               ,
               as
               disparagements
               to
               so
               great
               a
               Nobility
               ;
               however
               there
               are
               some
               amongst
               them
               that
               apply
               themselves
               to
               Grazing
               ,
               the
               Countrey
               abounding
               with
               Cattle
               and
               rich
               Pastures
               ,
               and
               others
               to
               Merchandize
               ,
               tho
               the
               chief
               Product
               of
               the
               Countrey
               is
               managed
               by
               Strangers
               .
            
             
               The
               chief
               Cities
               or
               Towns
               that
               are
               at
               this
               Day
               found
               in
               this
               Tract
               are
               Elgra
               ,
               on
               the
               Shoar
               of
               the
               Red
               Sea
               ,
               called
               
                 Sinus
                 Elgranaticus
                 ;
                 Jathrib
              
               ,
               or
               Jatrib
               ,
               in
               the
               way
               between
               Algiar
               and
               Medina
               ,
               the
               Birth-place
               of
               Mahomet
               the
               Impostor
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               City
               of
               Medina
               (
               to
               which
               is
               added
               the
               Name
               of
               Talmabi
               ,
               signifying
               the
               City
               of
               the
               Prophet
               )
               is
               the
               Sepulchre
               of
               Mahomet
               ,
               not
               drawn
               up
               with
               a
               Load-stone
               as
               the
               Vulgar
               rumour
               goes
               ,
               but
               inclosed
               in
               the
               manner
               of
               our
               Sepulchres
               with
               an
               Iron
               Grate
               ,
               and
               covered
               with
               a
               green
               Velvet
               Carpet
               ,
               which
               the
               Grand
               Seigniour
               sends
               every
               Year
               as
               his
               Offering
               ;
               so
               that
               when
               the
               New
               arrives
               ,
               the
               Old
               is
               cut
               into
               innumerable
               Shreds
               ,
               and
               Sold
               to
               Pilgrims
               by
               the
               Priests
               at
               large
               rates
               as
               Holy
               Reliques
               ;
               and
               in
               this
               Temple
               ,
               which
               is
               large
               and
               Magnificent
               ,
               are
               3000
               Lamps
               continually
               burning
               :
               Meccha
               a
               Town
               Scituate
               in
               a
               barren
               Soil
               ,
               not
               far
               from
               Medina
               ,
               but
               of
               greater
               Resort
               and
               Traffick
               ,
               the
               Commodities
               not
               only
               of
               Arabia
               ,
               but
               of
               Persia
               and
               India
               flowing
               thither
               ,
               from
               whence
               it
               is
               dispersed
               into
               all
               parts
               of
               the
               Turkish
               Empire
               ;
               and
               here
               it
               is
               made
               Death
               for
               any
               Christian
               to
               come
               ,
               so
               made
               to
               pr●
               Clouds
               .
               
               Discovery
               of
               the
               Fopperies
               in
               their
               Religion
               ,
               and
               is
               utterly
               destitute
               of
               Waters
               ,
               except
               such
               as
               is
               taken
               in
               Cisterns
               when
               it
               Rains
               ,
               or
               brought
               on
               Camels
               Backs
               from
               distant
               Places
               ,
               though
               three
               Carravans
               with
               Troops
               of
               Merchants
               and
               Pilgrims
               Visit
               it
               every
               Year
               :
               Zidon
               accounted
               the
               Haven
               Town
               of
               Meccha
               ,
               though
               distant
               40
               Miles
               ,
               Scituate
               on
               the
               Red
               Sea
               ;
               Zebit
               ,
               held
               now
               the
               Metropolis
               of
               the
               Country
               ,
               much
               Traded
               to
               for
               Spices
               ,
               Sugar
               ,
               and
               Fruits
               ;
               Eltor
               a
               Port
               Town
               ,
               where
               the
               Christians
               are
               suffered
               to
               Inhabit
               .
               Aden
               on
               the
               entrance
               of
               the
               Red
               Sea
               ,
               and
               is
               the
               most
               Famous
               Empory
               of
               this
               Country
               ,
               well
               Fortified
               ,
               and
               has
               a
               very
               capacious
               Haven
               for
               the
               reception
               of
               Shipping
               ,
               once
               the
               Head
               of
               a
               distinct
               Kingdom
               ,
               but
               now
               in
               Subjection
               to
               the
               Turks
               ,
               being
               Treacherously
               surprized
               by
               them
               in
               the
               Year
               1538
               ,
               and
               soon
               after
               all
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Country
               ,
               
                 Hor
                 ,
                 Zarnal
              
               ,
               and
               Muskahat
               ,
               over-against
               Surat
               in
               the
               East-India's
               :
               As
               for
               the
               Woods
               that
               are
               found
               here
               ,
               they
               naturally
               abound
               with
               Spices
               ,
               and
               Odours
               ,
               which
               in
               their
               Bloom
               send
               forth
               a
               grateful
               Smell
               ,
               which
               accosts
               the
               Mariners
               before
               they
               can
               see
               the
               Land
               ,
               and
               the
               Rivers
               are
               many
               ,
               the
               chief
               
                 Harman
                 ,
                 Lar
                 ,
                 Prion
                 ,
                 Messinatis
                 ,
                 Betius
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               and
               in
               the
               Arabian
               Fields
               ,
               or
               no
               where
               ,
               the
               Phoenix
               is
               said
               to
               Inhabit
               .
            
          
           
             
               A
               Description
               of
               Chaldaea
               ,
               Assyria
               ,
               and
               Mesopotamia
               ,
               in
               their
               Countries
               and
               Provinces
               ,
               &c.
               As
               also
               the
               Mountains
               Kingdoms
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               THESE
               three
               Countries
               or
               Provinces
               ,
               are
               held
               to
               have
               been
               the
               Principal
               Body
               of
               the
               ●●mpire
               ,
               wherefore
               it
               is
               thought
               fit
               to
               place
               
               them
               together
               ,
               though
               in
               our
               Proceeding
               to
               Describe
               them
               ,
               we
               shall
               do
               it
               severally
               ;
               and
               First
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 CHALD
                 AEA
              
               ,
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               a
               Persian
               Province
               ,
               called
               Susina
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               Desert
               of
               Arabia
               ;
               on
               the
               South
               with
               the
               rest
               of
               Deserta
               ,
               and
               the
               
                 Persian
                 Gulf
              
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Mesopotamia
               .
               As
               for
               the
               Original
               from
               which
               this
               Country
               has
               its
               Name
               ,
               is
               uncertain
               ;
               however
               it
               is
               exceeding
               Fruitful
               ,
               yielding
               Corn
               in
               many
               places
               2
               and
               300
               Fold
               ;
               and
               Pliny
               affirms
               the
               Babylonians
               Mow
               their
               Corn
               twice
               a
               Year
               ,
               and
               Seed
               it
               a
               third
               time
               ,
               or
               else
               it
               would
               Produce
               nothing
               but
               Blades
               ;
               and
               here
               many
               hold
               the
               Terrestrial
               Paradice
               ,
               a
               Select
               Garden
               ,
               more
               Inriched
               by
               the
               Bounty
               of
               Heaven
               ,
               than
               any
               other
               part
               of
               the
               World
               ;
               and
               the
               Reason
               they
               give
               for
               it
               is
               ,
               because
               the
               Rivers
               mentioned
               in
               Scripture
               to
               flow
               from
               it
               are
               found
               in
               this
               Tract
               ,
               according
               to
               all
               circumstances
               the
               same
               ,
               though
               length
               of
               Time
               has
               caused
               corruption
               or
               alteration
               ,
               but
               rather
               in
               name
               than
               place
               ,
               &c.
               and
               in
               this
               Country
               ,
               on
               the
               large
               Plains
               of
               Shinar
               was
               founded
               Babel
               ,
               signifying
               in
               the
               Hebrew
               Confusion
               ,
               where
               happened
               the
               first
               Confusion
               of
               Languages
               ,
               a
               work
               so
               Stupendious
               ,
               being
               the
               Business
               of
               almost
               all
               the
               Inhabitants
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               that
               before
               it
               was
               left
               off
               ,
               it
               began
               to
               rea●
               a
               Head
               of
               Majesty
               ,
               5146
               Cubits
               from
               the
               Ground
               ,
               having
               proportionable
               Basis
               and
               Circumference
               ,
               the
               Passages
               going
               up
               winding
               ,
               and
               so
               easie
               of
               Ascent
               .
               that
               Horses
               and
               Carts
               might
               not
               only
               pass
               up
               it
               ,
               but
               meet
               and
               turn
               ,
               having
               Lodgings
               and
               Stations
               in
               them
               for
               Men
               and
               Beast
               ,
               and
               Earth
               spread
               upon
               the
               mighty
               Work
               for
               Corn
               Fields
               ;
               and
               all
               this
               foolishly
               undertaken
               to
               secure
               themselves
               in
               case
               of
               a
               second
               Deluge
               ;
               and
               would
               however
               (
               had
               it
               not
               been
               prevented
               by
               the
               Divine
               Power
               )
               according
               to
               the
               Model
               devised
               ,
               have
               Transcended
               the
               Clouds
               .
               In
               this
               Tract
               was
               the
               City
               of
               Babylon
               in
               its
               Antient
               
               Glory
               ,
               the
               Walls
               of
               which
               was
               46
               Miles
               in
               Circuit
               ,
               50
               Cubits
               in
               heighth
               ,
               and
               of
               such
               a
               thickness
               ,
               that
               Carts
               and
               Carriages
               might
               meet
               on
               the
               top
               of
               it
               ,
               Finished
               in
               one
               Year
               by
               the
               daily
               Labour
               of
               200000
               Work-men
               ,
               Built
               on
               both
               sides
               the
               River
               Euphrates
               ,
               having
               its
               Communication
               by
               stately
               Bridges
               ,
               and
               is
               said
               when
               taken
               by
               Cyrus
               the
               Persian
               ,
               that
               he
               had
               possessed
               one
               part
               of
               it
               three
               days
               ,
               before
               the
               more
               remote
               Inhabitants
               knew
               the
               Enemy
               was
               entered
               ;
               but
               it
               has
               been
               since
               that
               time
               destroyed
               and
               removed
               ;
               so
               that
               at
               this
               day
               Bagdat
               is
               taken
               for
               Babylon
               ,
               Scituate
               on
               the
               River
               Tigris
               ,
               and
               now
               in
               the
               Possession
               of
               the
               Turk
               ;
               the
               other
               Places
               of
               note
               are
               ,
               
                 Ctesiphon
                 ,
                 Sipparum
                 ,
                 Apamia
                 ,
                 Vologesia
                 ,
                 Borsipha
                 ,
              
               and
               Balsora
               ,
               the
               Port
               of
               Bagdat
               or
               new
               Babylon
               ,
               Scituate
               at
               the
               Fall
               of
               Euphrates
               ,
               into
               
                 Sinus
                 Persicus
              
               ,
               a
               Place
               of
               great
               Trade
               and
               Wealth
               ,
               now
               in
               the
               hands
               of
               the
               Persians
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               Mountains
               this
               Country
               affords
               not
               any
               ;
               and
               for
               Rivers
               ,
               the
               chief
               are
               Euphrates
               and
               Tigris
               :
               The
               People
               anciently
               were
               much
               addicted
               to
               South-saying
               and
               Divination
               ,
               and
               held
               to
               be
               first
               Idolaters
               ,
               but
               now
               they
               are
               divided
               into
               several
               Sects
               ,
               and
               become
               a
               mixture
               of
               Christians
               ,
               Jews
               ,
               and
               Mahometans
               ,
               though
               once
               the
               Christian
               Faith
               Flourished
               here
               altogether
               ,
               as
               Planted
               by
               St.
               Peter
               ,
               who
               assures
               us
               that
               he
               was
               at
               Babylon
               in
               the
               latter
               end
               of
               his
               first
               Epistle
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               ASSYRIA
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Media
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               with
               Mesopotamia
               ;
               on
               the
               South
               with
               Susiana
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               North
               with
               some
               part
               of
               Turcomania
               ,
               and
               part
               of
               Chaldaea
               ,
               taking
               its
               name
               from
               Assur
               the
               Son
               of
               Sem
               ,
               who
               first
               Inhabited
               it
               ,
               though
               of
               late
               it
               has
               been
               called
               by
               other
               Names
               ,
               but
               this
               being
               warrantable
               by
               Scripture
               ,
               we
               shall
               the
               rather
               continue
               it
               .
            
             
             
               As
               for
               the
               Countrey
               ,
               it
               is
               free
               from
               Hills
               ,
               unless
               such
               as
               render
               it
               very
               Commodious
               ,
               so
               that
               being
               watered
               with
               pleasant
               Springs
               and
               Rivers
               ,
               it
               is
               every
               where
               very
               Fruitful
               ,
               and
               the
               People
               were
               anciently
               very
               Warlike
               ,
               making
               themselves
               by
               their
               Arms
               Lords
               of
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               East
               ,
               extending
               their
               Dominion
               from
               the
               Mediterranean
               Sea
               to
               the
               River
               Indus
               ;
               the
               Men
               especially
               very
               formal
               in
               their
               Habit
               ,
               wearing
               Robes
               trailing
               on
               the
               ground
               ,
               their
               Hair
               exceeding
               long
               ,
               and
               their
               Caps
               so
               steeple
               Crowned
               ,
               that
               they
               seem
               like
               Pyramids
               ,
               Perfuming
               themselves
               ,
               and
               Adorning
               with
               Jewels
               ,
               Rings
               ,
               &c.
               and
               a
               Staff
               of
               Ivory
               ,
               Rich
               Wood
               ,
               or
               some
               precious
               Mettal
               in
               the
               form
               of
               a
               Scepter
               in
               their
               Hands
               ;
               and
               as
               for
               the
               ancient
               Custom
               ,
               it
               was
               to
               expose
               the
               fairest
               Women
               to
               Sale
               in
               open
               Market
               ,
               not
               as
               Slaves
               ,
               but
               to
               be
               purchased
               as
               Wives
               ,
               and
               with
               the
               Money
               they
               put
               off
               those
               of
               the
               courser
               sort
               that
               were
               more
               deformed
               ;
               happy
               for
               our
               
                 English
                 Doudies
              
               ,
               were
               the
               Custom
               in
               use
               amongst
               us
               :
               And
               as
               for
               the
               Celebration
               of
               Marriage
               ,
               it
               is
               a
               little
               strange
               ;
               viz.
               The
               Bride-groom
               sees
               not
               his
               Bride
               before
               the
               Wedding-day
               ,
               but
               takes
               her
               upon
               the
               good
               report
               of
               his
               Friends
               and
               others
               ,
               when
               having
               made
               the
               Bargain
               with
               her
               Parents
               ,
               they
               meet
               in
               the
               Chancel
               of
               the
               Church
               ,
               and
               there
               the
               Cassisse
               or
               Priest
               obliges
               the
               Bridegroom
               to
               put
               his
               hand
               through
               the
               hole
               of
               a
               Partition
               ,
               and
               take
               the
               Bride
               by
               the
               Hand
               ,
               which
               done
               ,
               her
               Mother
               with
               a
               sharp
               Bodkin
               pricks
               his
               hand
               all
               over
               with
               much
               eagerness
               ;
               and
               if
               so
               ,
               for
               all
               that
               he
               holds
               her
               fast
               ,
               and
               wrings
               her
               hand
               till
               she
               squeak
               ,
               they
               term
               it
               a
               presage
               of
               lasting
               Love
               ,
               but
               if
               he
               let
               go
               ,
               the
               contrary
               ;
               and
               if
               the
               first
               Year
               a
               Male
               child
               is
               born
               ,
               the
               Father
               loses
               his
               Name
               ,
               and
               is
               called
               Abba
               or
               Father
               ,
               the
               Sons
               Name
               being
               added
               to
               it
               .
            
             
             
               ASSYRIA
               is
               principally
               watered
               with
               the
               Tygris
               ;
               so
               named
               from
               its
               swiftness
               and
               rapidity
               :
               Into
               which
               ,
               as
               Ptolomy
               affirms
               ,
               discharge
               themselves
               ,
               the
               Rivers
               
                 Cuprus
                 ,
                 Lycus
              
               and
               Gorges
               ,
               with
               some
               other
               Streams
               ,
               or
               Rivulets
               ,
               and
               the
               whole
               Assyria
               was
               divided
               into
               six
               parts
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Araphachits
                 ,
                 Adiabene
                 ,
                 Calacine
                 ,
                 Sitacene
                 ,
                 Arbelites
                 ,
              
               and
               Apoloniates
               ,
               and
               has
               for
               its
               chief
               Cities
               Calach
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               four
               Cities
               built
               in
               the
               Land
               of
               Assur
               by
               
                 Nimrod
                 ;
                 Sittaca
              
               ,
               about
               Two
               Miles
               from
               the
               Banks
               of
               
                 Tygris
                 ;
                 Athela
                 ,
                 Apollonia
                 ,
                 Geguamela
              
               ;
               Memorable
               for
               the
               first
               great
               overthrow
               given
               by
               Alexander
               to
               Darius
               the
               Persian
               ,
               wherein
               90000
               Persians
               are
               accounted
               to
               be
               slain
               ,
               with
               the
               loss
               of
               300
               Macedonians
               only
               ;
               Reboboth
               another
               City
               ,
               said
               to
               be
               built
               by
               Nimrod
               ,
               but
               now
               supposed
               to
               be
               that
               called
               Birrha
               .
               On
               the
               
                 Tygris
                 ;
                 Rhesen
              
               another
               ,
               said
               to
               be
               built
               by
               the
               same
               party
               ;
               Ninive
               ,
               first
               built
               by
               Nimrod
               ,
               and
               so
               named
               from
               Ninus
               his
               Son
               or
               Nephew
               ;
               the
               City
               to
               which
               Jonah
               was
               sent
               ,
               and
               in
               those
               days
               accounted
               Sixty
               Miles
               in
               Circuit
               ,
               which
               may
               properly
               enough
               in
               those
               hot
               Countreys
               be
               accounted
               three
               days
               Journey
               :
               Mosul
               ,
               seated
               on
               the
               
                 Tygris
                 ,
                 Arzeri
              
               and
               Scheheruzal
               ,
               the
               chief
               Residence
               of
               the
               Turkish
               Bassa
               ,
               Governour
               of
               this
               Countrey
               .
               As
               for
               the
               Profession
               of
               the
               Natives
               ,
               and
               some
               Strangers
               mingled
               amongst
               them
               ,
               't
               is
               that
               of
               the
               Nestorians
               ,
               but
               the
               standing
               Religion
               is
               Mahometism
               imposed
               by
               the
               Turks
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               MESOFOTAMIA
               has
               on
               the
               East
               for
               its
               boundard
               the
               River
               Tygris
               ,
               parted
               by
               it
               from
               Assyria
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               the
               Euphrates
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               Mount
               Tauryus
               ;
               on
               the
               South
               Chaldaed
               and
               
                 Arabia
                 Deserta
              
               ,
               and
               is
               frequently
               in
               Scripture
               called
               Padan-Aram
               which
               in
               the
               Latine
               signifies
               
                 Syria
                 Culta
              
               ,
               and
               was
               ,
               anciently
               Inhabited
               by
               the
               Aramites
               ,
               and
               is
               full
               of
               Rich
               Pastures
               ,
               the
               Soil
               very
               fruitful
               in
               Corn
               ,
               abounds
               with
               Vine-yards
               and
               store
               of
               Cattel
               ,
               and
               is
               
               indeed
               so
               well
               furnished
               with
               all
               things
               necessary
               for
               Humane
               Support
               and
               Pleasure
               ,
               that
               Strabo
               calls
               it
               
                 Mesopotamia
                 Felix
              
               ,
               tho
               in
               the
               extream
               South
               ,
               there
               are
               a
               few
               barren
               Desarts
               and
               some
               rough
               Mountains
               or
               Hills
               ;
               and
               though
               it
               is
               a
               kind
               of
               a
               Compounded
               Countrey
               ,
               yet
               the
               people
               are
               very
               Active
               and
               Industrious
               ,
               improving
               Natures
               Bounty
               more
               than
               any
               in
               this
               Tract
               ,
               though
               being
               but
               a
               small
               Countrey
               ,
               it
               has
               always
               been
               in
               Subjection
               ,
               and
               is
               watered
               with
               the
               Rivers
               
                 Tygris
                 ,
                 Euphrates
              
               ,
               and
               Caboras
               or
               Abaras
               .
            
             
               The
               chief
               Cities
               found
               in
               this
               Countrey
               ,
               are
               
                 Edessa
                 ,
                 Cologenbar
                 ,
                 Nisibius
              
               ,
               and
               Vr
               ;
               as
               for
               their
               Religion
               ,
               as
               far
               as
               relates
               to
               Christianity
               ,
               it
               is
               in
               a
               manner
               Orthodox
               ,
               agreeing
               in
               most
               Points
               with
               the
               Reformed
               Churches
               of
               Europe
               .
            
             
               I
               might
               now
               proceed
               to
               say
               something
               of
               the
               Two
               Kingdoms
               in
               the
               great
               Mountain
               Taurus
               ,
               named
               from
               their
               two
               last
               Kings
               ,
               the
               Kingdoms
               of
               Aledeules
               and
               Bahaman
               ;
               the
               first
               subdued
               by
               Selimus
               the
               First
               Emperour
               of
               the
               Turks
               ,
               and
               the
               last
               by
               Abas
               the
               
                 Persian
                 Sophy
              
               ;
               but
               having
               nothing
               but
               Rocks
               and
               barren
               Mountains
               to
               deal
               with
               ,
               and
               indeed
               the
               difficulties
               the
               Inhabitants
               struggle
               with
               ,
               being
               more
               to
               be
               wondered
               at
               than
               any
               thing
               else
               ,
               I
               shall
               thus
               briefly
               pass
               them
               over
               ,
               and
               proceed
               to
               Turcomania
               .
            
          
           
             
               Turcomania
               described
               in
               its
               Provinces
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               TVRCOMANIA
               ,
               or
               the
               Land
               of
               Turky
               ,
               so
               called
               from
               the
               Turks
               Inhabiting
               it
               before
               they
               got
               by
               Stratagem
               the
               Persian
               Empire
               ,
               is
               on
               the
               East
               bounded
               with
               Media
               and
               the
               
                 Caspian
                 Sea
              
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               with
               
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 Armenia
                 Minor
              
               ,
               and
               the
               
                 Euxine
                 Sea
              
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Tartary
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               
               South
               with
               Assyria
               and
               Mesopotamia
               ;
               and
               is
               properly
               divided
               into
               four
               parts
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Armenia
                 Major
              
               ,
               held
               to
               be
               the
               true
               
                 Turcomania
                 ;
                 Colchis
              
               ,
               now
               called
               
                 Mengrelia
                 ;
                 Iberia
              
               now
               called
               Georgia
               ;
               and
               Albania
               called
               by
               some
               Zuirca
               ,
               and
               of
               these
               in
               their
               order
               .
            
             
               
                 ARMENIA
                 MAJOR
              
               ,
               now
               called
               Turcomania
               ,
               is
               a
               very
               Hilly
               Countrey
               ,
               as
               much
               overspread
               with
               the
               Spurs
               of
               Mount
               Taurus
               and
               Anti-Taurus
               ,
               though
               between
               them
               are
               many
               fruitful
               Valleys
               ,
               that
               produce
               store
               of
               Cattle
               :
               The
               greatest
               business
               of
               these
               people
               when
               exempted
               from
               War
               ,
               being
               to
               feed
               Sheep
               upon
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               and
               other
               Cattle
               on
               the
               lower
               ground
               ,
               driving
               them
               from
               place
               to
               place
               where
               the
               Pastures
               are
               best
               ,
               and
               where
               they
               find
               the
               most
               commodious
               Springs
               ,
               carrying
               with
               them
               their
               Families
               ,
               Tents
               ,
               and
               Provision
               ,
               and
               usually
               go
               Armed
               ,
               not
               so
               much
               for
               fear
               of
               Rovers
               ,
               as
               Wild
               Beasts
               that
               possess
               the
               Caves
               of
               those
               Mountains
               :
               The
               People
               being
               large
               of
               Body
               ,
               comely
               of
               Personage
               ,
               much
               used
               to
               the
               Bow
               and
               Spear
               ;
               patient
               of
               all
               kind
               of
               Labour
               :
               The
               Women
               are
               very
               homely
               ,
               but
               of
               a
               manly
               aspect
               ,
               and
               when
               occasion
               requires
               ,
               addict
               themselves
               in
               Disguises
               to
               the
               Wars
               ,
               and
               mingled
               with
               the
               Men
               ,
               perform
               equal
               Exploits
               ;
               and
               in
               Towns
               ,
               where
               they
               are
               setled
               ,
               their
               Families
               are
               very
               great
               ,
               by
               reason
               they
               co-habit
               under
               one
               Roof
               to
               the
               third
               or
               fourth
               Generation
               ,
               the
               eldest
               commonly
               bearing
               Rule
               ,
               and
               being
               in
               all
               things
               absolute
               as
               King
               of
               the
               Family
               ,
               yet
               those
               live
               not
               idle
               ,
               but
               employ
               themselves
               in
               making
               Tapestries
               ,
               Gograms
               ,
               Watered
               Chamlets
               ,
               and
               other
               Manufactures
               ,
               dispersed
               into
               all
               parts
               ,
               and
               some
               ,
               tho
               not
               many
               of
               them
               are
               considerable
               Merchants
               ,
               dispersing
               themselves
               over
               the
               Eastern
               Countrey
               ,
               and
               from
               a
               Mountain
               of
               this
               Armenia
               called
               Abas
               has
               the
               great
               River
               Araxis
               its
               Fountain
               ,
               
               and
               the
               people
               generally
               are
               Christians
               .
            
             
               The
               chief
               Cities
               and
               Towns
               of
               this
               Country
               are
               ,
               Artaxata
               the
               Royal
               seat
               of
               the
               Antient
               Kings
               of
               
                 Armenia
                 ;
                 Sebastia
              
               ,
               now
               called
               Suassia
               ;
               seated
               on
               the
               
                 Euphrates
                 ,
                 Tigranes
                 ,
                 Certa
                 ,
                 Arsamosata
                 ,
                 Clamassum
                 ,
                 Cholna
                 ,
                 Baraza
                 ,
                 Chars
                 ,
                 Colonia
                 ,
                 Thespia
                 ,
              
               and
               others
               of
               lesser
               note
               :
               as
               for
               Forrests
               or
               Woods
               ,
               this
               Country
               has
               very
               few
               ,
               and
               none
               considerable
               .
            
             
               COLCHIS
               the
               second
               Division
               of
               Turcomania
               on
               the
               North
               of
               Armenia
               is
               Inhabited
               by
               a
               rude
               uncivillized
               people
               ;
               however
               the
               soil
               is
               fertile
               producing
               naturally
               ,
               much
               plenty
               ,
               and
               the
               Vines
               of
               their
               own
               accord
               ,
               twist
               themselves
               about
               Trees
               ;
               creeping
               up
               into
               the
               spreading
               Branches
               ,
               and
               affording
               much
               Wine
               ;
               but
               that
               which
               in
               Antient
               times
               rendred
               it
               most
               memorable
               ,
               was
               the
               abundance
               of
               Gold
               found
               in
               the
               Sands
               of
               the
               Rivers
               issuing
               from
               the
               Mount
               Caucasus
               ;
               for
               which
               Jason
               made
               his
               Expedition
               ;
               and
               thereby
               gave
               the
               occasion
               of
               the
               Fable
               of
               the
               Golden
               Fleece
               :
               there
               were
               likewise
               found
               divers
               Veins
               of
               Silver
               in
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               though
               at
               present
               for
               want
               of
               working
               ,
               or
               being
               exhausted
               ,
               the
               People
               deficient
               in
               Coin
               ,
               are
               obliged
               to
               Barter
               Goods
               for
               such
               things
               as
               their
               necessities
               require
               ;
               however
               they
               are
               much
               given
               to
               Riot
               and
               Excess
               ,
               nor
               do
               they
               refuse
               to
               prostitute
               their
               Wives
               and
               Sisters
               ,
               to
               the
               pleasure
               of
               their
               guests
               upon
               any
               slight
               Entertainment
               ,
               as
               not
               thinking
               they
               can
               be
               otherways
               sufficiently
               welcom
               ;
               nor
               do
               the
               Women
               refuse
               a
               complyance
               .
               And
               here
               the
               chief
               Cities
               are
               ,
               or
               were
               
                 Dioscurias
                 ,
                 Sibaris
              
               once
               the
               Royal
               Seat
               of
               the
               Colchine
               Kings
               ;
               
                 Siganeam
                 ,
                 Aeopolis
                 ,
                 Neapolis
                 ,
                 Phasis
              
               ;
               from
               whence
               the
               Phesants
               were
               first
               brought
               into
               Europe
               by
               the
               
                 Greeks
                 ;
                 Alvati
                 ,
                 Mechlessus
                 ,
                 Zadris
              
               and
               Sirace
               ;
               though
               at
               present
               none
               of
               them
               considerable
               ;
               however
               the
               Christian
               Religion
               continues
               here
               ,
               
               though
               the
               Turks
               have
               possessed
               themselves
               of
               the
               Country
               .
            
             
               IBERIA
               takes
               its
               name
               from
               the
               River
               Iberius
               ,
               running
               through
               it
               ,
               though
               lately
               the
               name
               is
               changed
               to
               Georgia
               ;
               as
               some
               will
               have
               it
               from
               St.
               George
               the
               Capadocian
               Martyr
               ;
               who
               first
               planted
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               greatly
               improved
               the
               Christian
               Religion
               amongst
               them
               .
            
             
               The
               Country
               is
               Mountainous
               ,
               Woody
               ,
               and
               a
               great
               part
               of
               it
               covered
               with
               Snow
               three
               quarters
               of
               the
               year
               ;
               so
               that
               the
               Soil
               not
               being
               very
               fruitful
               ,
               the
               people
               addict
               themselves
               much
               to
               War
               ;
               so
               that
               for
               a
               long
               time
               they
               lived
               in
               freedom
               under
               their
               own
               Princes
               ,
               till
               the
               
                 Persian
                 ▪
              
               War
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               they
               partly
               by
               force
               ,
               and
               partly
               by
               submission
               ,
               became
               Tributary
               to
               the
               Ottoman
               Emperors
               ;
               so
               that
               it
               contains
               not
               any
               Cities
               of
               note
               ;
               however
               amongst
               them
               are
               reckoned
               
                 Artaxissa
                 ,
                 Vasada
                 ,
                 Lubium
              
               ,
               and
               Armastica
               ,
               so
               named
               by
               P●olomy
               ;
               though
               at
               present
               Cremen
               and
               Cachet
               are
               in
               most
               esteem
               ;
               and
               to
               keep
               the
               people
               in
               aw
               ,
               the
               Turks
               have
               fortified
               many
               places
               ;
               and
               amongst
               others
               the
               strong
               Castle
               of
               Teflis
               ,
               the
               Key
               of
               Media
               ,
               now
               called
               Servan
               ,
               Garrisoned
               with
               6000
               men
               ;
               and
               has
               in
               it
               besides
               other
               Ammunition
               100
               pieces
               of
               Ordnance
               .
            
             
               ALBANIA
               in
               Asia
               ,
               distinct
               from
               that
               in
               Europe
               ,
               East
               of
               Iberia
               is
               accounted
               to
               be
               first
               peopled
               by
               Gether
               Son
               of
               Aram
               ,
               and
               Nephew
               of
               Japhet
               ,
               and
               rested
               out
               of
               the
               way
               of
               War
               till
               the
               Romans
               time
               ;
               when
               siding
               with
               Tigranes
               King
               of
               
                 Armenia
                 Major
              
               ,
               and
               Mithridates
               King
               of
               Pontus
               ,
               they
               were
               brought
               under
               subjection
               by
               Pompey
               .
            
             
               The
               Soil
               of
               this
               Country
               is
               very
               rich
               in
               many
               parts
               ,
               as
               being
               watered
               with
               the
               Rivers
               
                 Saonia
                 ,
                 Cyrus
                 ,
                 Gerrus
              
               and
               Albania
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               latter
               is
               seated
               a
               City
               of
               that
               name
               ,
               the
               chief
               of
               the
               Province
               ;
               here
               are
               likewise
               found
               
                 Chabala
                 ,
                 Thelbis
                 ,
                 Getara
                 ,
                 
                 Namechiae
              
               and
               Telebae
               :
               The
               chief
               commodities
               are
               Corn
               ,
               Cattle
               ,
               Wine
               ,
               and
               some
               Manufactures
               ,
               and
               has
               over
               it
               a
               Turkish
               Bassa
               ;
               and
               from
               these
               Countries
               the
               Turks
               are
               held
               on
               all
               hands
               to
               descend
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               History
               of
               that
               people
               ,
               appears
               more
               at
               large
               .
            
          
           
             
               Media
               and
               Persia
               described
               ,
               in
               their
               respective
               Provinces
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               MEDIA
               (
               the
               first
               that
               occurs
               in
               order
               )
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               West
               with
               
                 Armenia
                 Major
              
               ,
               and
               some
               part
               of
               Assyria
               ;
               on
               the
               East
               with
               Parthia
               ,
               and
               some
               part
               of
               Hyrcania
               ,
               and
               the
               Provinces
               of
               Persia
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               with
               the
               
                 Caspian
                 Sea
              
               ,
               and
               Georgia
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               South
               with
               other
               parts
               of
               Persia
               ;
               held
               to
               take
               its
               name
               from
               Madai
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Japhet
               ,
               who
               first
               planted
               it
               ;
               though
               at
               this
               day
               it
               is
               called
               by
               the
               Turks
               (
               in
               whose
               possession
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               it
               is
               )
               Sheirvan
               ,
               or
               Servan
               ;
               the
               word
               in
               their
               Language
               signifying
               a
               Milky
               plain
               ;
               alluding
               thereby
               to
               the
               great
               plenty
               of
               the
               Country
               ,
               and
               is
               of
               large
               extent
               ;
               once
               famous
               for
               a
               warlike
               people
               ,
               that
               over-run
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               East
               ;
               yet
               this
               Country
               like
               all
               others
               ,
               differs
               in
               degree
               of
               fertility
               ,
               for
               although
               the
               South
               part
               is
               exceeding
               fruitful
               ;
               yet
               the
               North
               part
               lying
               between
               Mount
               Taurus
               and
               the
               
                 Hyrcanian
                 Sea
              
               ,
               is
               very
               barren
               ;
               insomuch
               that
               the
               people
               make
               their
               Bread
               of
               dryed
               Almonds
               ,
               and
               their
               drink
               of
               the
               Juice
               of
               certain
               Herbs
               ;
               no
               Fruit
               trees
               flourishing
               there
               ,
               nor
               any
               considerable
               quantity
               of
               Corn.
               
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Media
               ,
               we
               may
               properly
               divide
               it
               into
               two
               Provinces
               ;
               viz.
               Atropatia
               and
               
                 Media
                 Major
              
               ;
               the
               first
               of
               these
               contains
               the
               northern
               parts
               of
               the
               country
               ;
               and
               is
               held
               to
               be
               that
               ,
               where
               Salmanasser
               ,
               the
               Assyrian
               King
               placed
               the
               Israelites
               ,
               
               whom
               he
               carryed
               into
               Captivity
               ,
               and
               is
               watered
               by
               the
               River
               Gonza
               ;
               and
               had
               for
               its
               chief
               Cities
               or
               Towns
               
                 Hamadum
                 ,
                 Gonzavia
                 ,
                 Mandagarsis
                 ,
                 Gelin
                 ,
                 Bochu
                 ,
                 Ere
                 's
                 ,
                 Sumachia
                 ,
              
               or
               Shamaki
               ;
               the
               last
               built
               by
               Cyrus
               the
               Persian
               ,
               and
               much
               Illustrated
               by
               others
               ;
               and
               in
               it
               as
               a
               Monument
               ,
               stands
               a
               Pillar
               Interwoven
               with
               the
               Heads
               of
               Noble
               men
               all
               of
               Flint
               ,
               curiously
               wrought
               ,
               &c.
               
               This
               Province
               is
               very
               Mountainous
               ,
               as
               having
               the
               Spurs
               of
               the
               Taurus
               branching
               out
               ,
               and
               the
               body
               of
               the
               Mountain
               it self
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               MEDIA-MAJOR
               ,
               on
               the
               South
               of
               Mount
               Taurus
               ,
               is
               a
               very
               pleasant
               Country
               ;
               yielding
               Corn
               and
               Wine
               in
               abundance
               ,
               with
               many
               pleasant
               Fruits
               ,
               and
               good
               Pastures
               ,
               watered
               every
               where
               with
               fresh
               streams
               ;
               so
               that
               Cattle
               ,
               especially
               Horses
               encrease
               in
               great
               numbers
               ;
               the
               men
               being
               generally
               expert
               Riders
               ,
               and
               much
               redoubted
               in
               War.
               
            
             
               The
               chief
               Cities
               that
               were
               here
               found
               are
               the
               great
               E●batana
               ,
               to
               which
               
                 Semir
                 amis
              
               took
               such
               a
               liking
               ,
               that
               she
               caused
               for
               its
               better
               Accommodation
               ,
               water
               courses
               to
               be
               cut
               through
               the
               Mountain
               Orontes
               ,
               reckoned
               to
               be
               in
               compass
               24
               Italian
               miles
               and
               fortified
               with
               a
               Wall
               of
               70
               Cubits
               high
               ,
               50
               broad
               ,
               with
               100
               Gates
               ,
               and
               Towers
               built
               over
               them
               of
               smooth
               stone
               ,
               and
               had
               formerly
               six
               lesser
               Walls
               ,
               though
               now
               little
               of
               it
               remains
               .
               Taurus
               a
               City
               pleasantly
               scituate
               ,
               under
               the
               shadow
               of
               Orontes
               ;
               opening
               to
               a
               curious
               fertile
               Plain
               on
               the
               South
               ;
               once
               a
               place
               of
               great
               Trading
               ,
               but
               having
               been
               often
               ruined
               by
               the
               Turks
               ,
               in
               their
               Wars
               with
               the
               Persians
               ;
               it
               has
               lost
               much
               of
               its
               former
               splendor
               .
               Arsacia
               built
               by
               some
               of
               the
               Parthian
               Kings
               ,
               in
               their
               Conquest
               of
               this
               Country
               :
               Casbin
               scituate
               in
               an
               open
               Plain
               ,
               on
               the
               Banks
               of
               a
               small
               River
               ,
               but
               of
               no
               considerable
               Trade
               ,
               though
               the
               Persian
               Sophies
               have
               a
               Pallace
               in
               it
               :
               
                 Rages
                 ,
                 Nassivan
                 ,
                 Ardovile
                 ,
                 Sultania
                 ,
                 Turcoman
                 ,
              
               and
               Marant
               .
               The
               Christian
               
               Religion
               is
               held
               to
               be
               first
               planted
               here
               by
               St.
               Thomas
               ;
               and
               though
               it
               was
               not
               Universally
               Embraced
               ,
               yet
               it
               flourished
               till
               Mahometism
               was
               introduced
               ,
               more
               by
               the
               power
               of
               the
               Sword
               than
               the
               Peoples
               Inclination
               .
            
          
           
             
               Persia
               Described
               .
            
             
               PERSIA
               has
               for
               its
               Eastern
               boundard
               India
               ;
               for
               the
               Western
               
                 Media
                 ,
                 Assyria
              
               ,
               and
               Chaldaea
               ;
               the
               Northern
               Tartary
               ;
               and
               the
               Southern
               the
               main
               Ocean
               ;
               so
               named
               ,
               (
               if
               you
               will
               credit
               the
               Story
               )
               from
               Perseus
               ,
               Son
               to
               Jupiter
               and
               Danae
               ;
               though
               rather
               from
               Persis
               a
               small
               Province
               ;
               or
               part
               of
               the
               Country
               which
               took
               its
               name
               from
               one
               of
               their
               Kings
               :
               and
               the
               whole
               Region
               of
               Persia
               ,
               is
               found
               to
               extend
               from
               82
               degrees
               of
               Longitude
               ,
               to
               120.
               36
               degrees
               in
               all
               ,
               and
               in
               bredth
               from
               32
               degrees
               North
               Latitude
               to
               42
               ,
               scituate
               under
               the
               fourth
               ,
               fifth
               ,
               and
               sixth
               Climates
               ;
               so
               that
               the
               longest
               day
               in
               the
               Southern
               parts
               ,
               is
               13
               hours
               and
               almost
               three
               quarters
               but
               in
               the
               most
               Northern
               15
               and
               a
               quarter
               ;
               the
               Air
               for
               the
               most
               part
               pure
               and
               wholsom
               ,
               though
               the
               Earth
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               great
               heat
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               is
               dry
               ,
               and
               sandy
               in
               many
               parts
               ,
               and
               destitute
               of
               water
               ;
               having
               few
               Rivers
               ,
               and
               not
               many
               Lakes
               ;
               however
               taking
               the
               Country
               in
               general
               ,
               it
               abounds
               with
               all
               things
               necessary
               ,
               and
               may
               properly
               be
               divided
               into
               12
               Provinces
               ,
               viz.
               
                 Susiana
                 ,
                 Persis
                 ,
                 Carmania
                 ,
                 Ormus
                 ,
                 Gedrosia
                 ,
                 Drangiana
                 ,
                 Aria
                 ,
                 Parthia
                 ,
                 Arachosia
                 ,
                 Paropamisus
                 ,
                 Hyrcania
                 ,
              
               and
               Margiana
               ;
               and
               held
               to
               be
               one
               of
               the
               Antientest
               Kingdoms
               of
               the
               East
               ;
               the
               people
               as
               the
               Chaldaeans
               ,
               giving
               themselves
               up
               to
               the
               Study
               of
               Astrology
               ;
               and
               as
               to
               their
               Religion
               ,
               it
               s
               the
               Sect
               of
               Haly
               ,
               differing
               in
               many
               things
               ,
               from
               the
               Tenets
               of
               the
               Impostor
               Mahomet
               ;
               tho
               amongst
               them
               are
               many
               Christians
               and
               more
               
               Jews
               ;
               and
               the
               chief
               Rivers
               that
               visit
               Persia
               ,
               are
               Araxis
               ,
               some
               windings
               of
               Euphrates
               and
               Tigris
               ;
               and
               here
               are
               found
               Mount
               Taurus
               ,
               the
               Seriphian
               Hills
               ,
               and
               some
               others
               of
               less
               note
               :
               And
               has
               for
               the
               most
               material
               Cities
               ,
               
                 Persopolis
                 ,
                 Aracca
                 ,
                 Tarsiana
              
               ,
               and
               others
               ;
               the
               Country
               affording
               Dates
               ,
               Myrrh
               ,
               Drugs
               ,
               Spices
               ,
               Mines
               of
               Silver
               ,
               Brass
               ,
               Quarries
               of
               of
               Marble
               ,
               Cedar-wood
               ,
               and
               rich
               Manufactures
               of
               Silks
               ,
               and
               Embroideries
               of
               Silver
               and
               Gold
               ,
               and
               has
               been
               much
               traded
               to
               ,
               by
               the
               European
               Merchants
               ,
               especially
               the
               Island
               of
               Ormus
               ;
               accounted
               the
               most
               fruitful
               in
               the
               World
               ;
               so
               that
               those
               who
               have
               compared
               the
               World
               to
               a
               Ring
               ,
               have
               allowed
               this
               to
               be
               the
               Jewel
               ,
               that
               ought
               to
               be
               set
               in
               it
               ;
               for
               the
               Portugals
               upon
               their
               first
               coming
               hither
               ,
               so
               much
               inriched
               themselves
               ,
               that
               they
               easily
               commanded
               the
               whole
               Trade
               of
               Europe
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               Persians
               ,
               they
               are
               generally
               good
               natured
               ,
               courteous
               to
               Strangers
               ,
               exceeding
               obedient
               to
               their
               Prince
               ,
               whom
               they
               in
               a
               manner
               Idolize
               ;
               they
               are
               tall
               of
               Stature
               ,
               well
               Limbed
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               most
               part
               handsome
               (
               especially
               the
               Women
               )
               Patient
               of
               Labour
               ,
               yet
               through
               the
               Plenty
               of
               the
               Country
               much
               given
               to
               Luxury
               ,
               Valiant
               in
               Fighting
               ,
               as
               well
               the
               Women
               as
               the
               Men
               ,
               who
               accompany
               their
               Husbands
               to
               the
               War
               in
               disguise
               ,
               and
               frequently
               die
               Fighting
               by
               their
               sides
               ,
               as
               appeared
               by
               the
               great
               number
               of
               them
               found
               upon
               the
               stripping
               of
               the
               Slain
               in
               many
               Battles
               fought
               between
               them
               and
               the
               Turks
               .
               And
               within
               this
               Jurisdiction
               we
               may
               include
               Bactria
               ,
               lying
               West
               of
               Margiana
               ,
               watered
               by
               the
               River
               Oxus
               ,
               so
               that
               it
               is
               partly
               Fruitful
               ,
               and
               partly
               Barren
               and
               Desert
               ,
               possessed
               by
               a
               rough
               and
               untractable
               People
               ,
               and
               has
               many
               Woods
               and
               Forrests
               full
               of
               wild
               Beasts
               ,
               which
               renders
               the
               Passage
               dangerous
               to
               Travellers
               ,
               and
               has
               its
               Name
               from
               Bactria
               the
               Metropolitan
               City
               ,
               Seated
               at
               the
               Foot
               
               of
               the
               Mountain
               Sogdij
               ,
               and
               is
               now
               in
               Subjection
               to
               the
               Persians
               .
            
          
           
             
               Tartaria
               Described
               ,
               in
               its
               Kingdoms
               and
               Provinces
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               TARTARIA
               ,
               or
               Tartary
               ,
               is
               a
               large
               Tract
               on
               the
               Northern
               part
               of
               Asia
               ,
               and
               shooting
               out
               considerably
               to
               Europe
               ,
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               China
               ,
               and
               the
               Eastern
               Ocean
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               with
               Russia
               and
               Podolia
               ,
               a
               Province
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Poland
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               with
               the
               Frozen
               Scythian
               Ocean
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               South
               with
               another
               part
               of
               China
               ,
               from
               which
               it
               is
               separated
               by
               a
               mighty
               Wall
               ,
               the
               River
               Oxus
               parting
               it
               from
               Bactria
               and
               Margiana
               ,
               the
               Caspian
               Sea
               from
               Media
               and
               Hyrcania
               ;
               the
               Caucasian
               Mountains
               from
               Turcomania
               ,
               and
               the
               Euxine
               Sea
               from
               Anatolia
               and
               Thrace
               ,
               and
               is
               possessed
               under
               the
               general
               Name
               of
               Tartars
               ,
               by
               many
               powerful
               Nations
               ,
               accounted
               to
               be
               5400
               Miles
               from
               East
               to
               West
               ,
               and
               3600
               from
               North
               to
               South
               .
            
             
               The
               People
               are
               generally
               Rude
               ,
               giving
               themselves
               more
               to
               War
               and
               Rapine
               ,
               than
               to
               Arts
               or
               Husbandry
               ,
               big
               Bodied
               ,
               broad
               Faced
               ,
               little
               and
               hollow
               Eyed
               ,
               thick
               Lipped
               ,
               and
               flat
               Nosed
               ,
               Swarthy
               of
               Complexion
               ,
               tho
               distant
               enough
               from
               the
               Sun
               ,
               hardy
               and
               capable
               of
               induring
               extream
               Hardships
               ,
               loving
               to
               ride●●
               tho
               on
               Cows
               ,
               Oxen
               ,
               and
               other
               Beasts
               ,
               not
               used
               in
               other
               parts
               in
               such
               Services
               ;
               their
               Speech
               carries
               a
               kind
               of
               a
               whining
               Tone
               with
               it
               ,
               and
               when
               a
               Company
               are
               got
               together
               a
               Singing
               ,
               one
               would
               imagine
               them
               a
               consort
               of
               Wolves
               a
               Howling
               ,
               and
               have
               indeed
               in
               their
               many
               Excursions
               and
               Wars
               proved
               the
               Terror
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               yet
               are
               seldom
               Covetous
               ,
               of
               more
               than
               is
               sufficient
               to
               support
               them
               ,
               as
               being
               altogether
               regardless
               of
               Silver
               ,
               Gold
               ,
               or
               costly
               Apparel
               ,
               going
               for
               the
               most
               part
               clad
               with
               the
               Skins
               
               and
               Furrs
               of
               Beasts
               they
               take
               by
               Hunting
               ,
               and
               are
               by
               some
               held
               to
               be
               the
               Off-spring
               of
               the
               Ten
               Tribes
               removed
               out
               of
               Palestine
               by
               Salmanasser
               ;
               for
               many
               of
               the
               great
               Lords
               of
               the
               Tartars
               st●●e
               themselves
               
                 Naphthalites
                 ,
                 Danites
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               and
               Canton
               themselves
               into
               Families
               and
               Tribes
               .
            
             
               This
               Countrey
               is
               usually
               divided
               into
               these
               following
               Provinces
               ,
               
                 viz
                 ,
                 Precopensis
                 ,
                 Asciatica
                 ,
                 Antigua
                 ,
                 Zagatha
              
               and
               Cathaia
               :
               The
               first
               contains
               
                 Taurica
                 Chersonesus
              
               ,
               and
               the
               Asciatican
               Banks
               of
               Tanais
               ,
               taking
               its
               name
               from
               Precops
               the
               chief
               City
               ,
               and
               has
               in
               it
               ,
               beside
               the
               Towns
               of
               
                 Ozaclow
                 ,
                 Capha
                 ,
                 Crim
              
               ,
               and
               others
               of
               lesser
               note
               .
               The
               second
               contains
               
                 Asciatica
                 Deserta
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Deserta
                 Muscovita
              
               ,
               held
               to
               be
               the
               ancient
               
                 Sarmatia
                 Asciatica
              
               ,
               remaining
               unciviliz'd
               at
               this
               day
               ;
               as
               feeding
               upon
               Raw
               Horse-flesh
               ,
               sucking
               Blood
               from
               living
               Creatures
               ,
               and
               oftentimes
               preying
               upon
               each
               other
               ,
               and
               neglecting
               all
               manner
               of
               Tillage
               .
               The
               Third
               contains
               the
               Cities
               of
               
                 Noyhan
                 ,
                 Cashan
                 ,
                 Charackzieke
                 ,
                 Astracan
                 ,
              
               and
               some
               others
               of
               lesser
               note
               ,
               as
               
                 Coras
                 ,
                 Caracora
              
               ,
               and
               the
               whole
               Kingdom
               of
               Tendock
               ,
               and
               affords
               the
               Drug
               called
               Rhubarb
               ,
               not
               any
               other
               where
               to
               be
               found
               .
               The
               fourth
               Division
               contains
               
                 Scythia
                 ,
                 Inter
                 Imaum
              
               ,
               inhabited
               by
               a
               more
               civiliz'd
               People
               of
               the
               Tartars
               ,
               and
               have
               for
               their
               chief
               Cities
               Istigias
               ,
               scituate
               in
               a
               very
               fruitful
               Plain
               ,
               to
               which
               flow
               the
               principal
               Commodities
               of
               the
               whole
               Kingdom
               ,
               and
               Samarchand
               ,
               usually
               the
               Residence
               of
               the
               
                 Tartarian
                 Chams
              
               ,
               where
               Tamerlain
               the
               Great
               was
               born
               and
               died
               ;
               but
               the
               most
               pleasant
               of
               all
               ,
               and
               indeed
               the
               Glory
               of
               the
               whole
               Countrey
               ,
               is
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Cathia
               .
            
             
               The
               Soil
               of
               this
               part
               of
               Tartary
               yields
               a
               superabundance
               of
               Fruits
               ,
               Corn
               ,
               Hemp
               ,
               Flax
               ,
               &c.
               and
               the
               other
               Merchandise
               are
               Woolls
               ,
               Rhubarb
               ,
               Musk
               ,
               Silks
               ,
               and
               Manufactures
               of
               its
               own
               ,
               and
               also
               those
               of
               China
               ,
               that
               are
               brought
               hither
               ,
               and
               has
               for
               its
               
               Chief
               Cities
               
                 Cambalu
                 ,
                 Tebeth
                 ,
                 Carraran
              
               ,
               and
               Xeamdu
               ,
               all
               of
               them
               very
               stately
               ;
               containing
               in
               their
               large
               Circumferences
               ,
               Pallaces
               ,
               fixed
               and
               moving
               ,
               Parks
               ,
               Pastures
               ,
               with
               many
               other
               Rarities
               ;
               but
               in
               all
               these
               Countreys
               ,
               the
               Government
               is
               Arbitrary
               ,
               the
               Lives
               and
               Estates
               of
               the
               People
               depending
               upon
               the
               pleasure
               of
               the
               Prince
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               yet
               another
               sort
               of
               this
               people
               called
               
                 Crimesian
                 Tartars
              
               ,
               inhabiting
               the
               Crim
               ,
               on
               the
               Fenns
               of
               Maeotis
               and
               borders
               of
               Moscovy
               and
               Poland
               ,
               but
               much
               of
               the
               nature
               of
               those
               already
               mentioned
               .
               As
               for
               Religion
               ,
               they
               are
               in
               many
               places
               divided
               in
               Opinion
               ,
               as
               being
               a
               mixture
               of
               
                 Armenians
                 ,
                 Christians
                 ,
                 Jews
                 ,
                 Mahometa●s
                 ,
              
               and
               some
               Idolaters
               .
            
             
               The
               chief
               Rivers
               that
               Water
               this
               Countrey
               ,
               are
               the
               Tanais
               and
               Volga
               ,
               and
               the
               principal
               Mount
               Imaus
               ,
               which
               runs
               in
               a
               long
               Chain
               or
               Ridge
               ,
               branching
               however
               into
               divers
               Spurs
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
               A
               description
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               China
               in
               its
               Provinces
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               CHINA
               is
               a
               large
               Kingdom
               ,
               though
               not
               well
               known
               ,
               till
               the
               latter
               times
               to
               the
               Europeans
               ,
               bounded
               on
               the
               North
               with
               the
               
                 Eastern
                 Tartars
              
               ,
               and
               Altay
               ;
               separated
               from
               them
               by
               a
               continued
               Chain
               of
               Hills
               ,
               and
               a
               Wall
               of
               400
               Leagues
               in
               length
               ,
               furnished
               with
               Towers
               ,
               and
               so
               broad
               ,
               that
               a
               Cart
               may
               be
               driven
               on
               the
               top
               of
               it
               ,
               built
               (
               as
               they
               give
               it
               out
               )
               by
               Tzaintzon
               the
               117th
               King
               of
               China
               .
               The
               Southern
               boundards
               are
               partly
               Cochin-China
               ,
               a
               Province
               of
               the
               
                 East
                 India
              
               ,
               and
               partly
               the
               Ocean
               ;
               on
               the
               East
               with
               the
               
                 Oriental
                 Ocean
              
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               West
               with
               part
               of
               India
               and
               Cathaia
               ;
               and
               is
               indeed
               on
               all
               parts
               so
               hemmed
               in
               with
               Mountains
               ,
               Seas
               ,
               and
               Artificial
               Fortifications
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               no
               wonder
               Travellers
               missed
               it
               in
               their
               way
               to
               other
               Countreys
               .
            
             
             
               This
               Kingdom
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               account
               of
               the
               Natives
               ,
               contains
               15
               Provinces
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Canton
                 ,
                 Foqueit
                 ,
                 Olam
                 ,
                 Sisuam
                 ,
                 Tolenchia
                 ,
                 Cansay
                 ,
                 Miuchian
                 ,
                 Ochian
                 ,
                 Hionam
                 ▪
                 Paguia
                 ,
                 Tuitan
                 ,
                 Quinchen
                 ,
                 Chagnian
                 ,
                 Susnam
                 ,
              
               and
               Quinsay
               ,
               in
               which
               are
               Computed
               591
               Cities
               ,
               1593
               Walled
               Towns
               ,
               4200
               Unwalled
               Towns
               ,
               and
               1154
               Castles
               ;
               the
               whole
               Countrey
               being
               accounted
               3000
               Leagues
               in
               Circumference
               ,
               reaching
               from
               130
               to
               160
               Degrees
               of
               Longitude
               ,
               and
               from
               the
               Tropick
               of
               Cancer
               to
               the
               53
               Degree
               of
               Latitude
               ,
               lying
               under
               all
               the
               Climes
               from
               the
               Third
               to
               the
               Ninth
               ,
               so
               that
               the
               Air
               is
               very
               Temperate
               and
               Healthful
               ,
               by
               which
               the
               Natives
               are
               for
               the
               most
               part
               exempted
               from
               Sickness
               ,
               and
               live
               to
               an
               extream
               Age
               :
               As
               for
               the
               Riches
               and
               Fertility
               ,
               it
               is
               very
               much
               ,
               even
               to
               admiration
               ,
               the
               people
               being
               very
               Industrious
               ,
               and
               the
               Soil
               as
               suitable
               ;
               so
               that
               in
               many
               places
               they
               have
               two
               ,
               and
               in
               most
               parts
               three
               Harvests
               in
               a
               Year
               ,
               nor
               do
               they
               spare
               to
               Plant
               and
               Sow
               ,
               the
               best
               of
               all
               kinds
               they
               can
               compass
               .
            
             
               The
               chief
               Commodities
               coming
               from
               hence
               are
               Pearls
               ,
               Bezora
               Stones
               ,
               Wooll
               ,
               Cotton
               ,
               Olives
               ,
               Wine
               ,
               Flax
               ,
               Metals
               ,
               Fruit
               ,
               China
               Ware
               of
               sundry
               kinds
               ,
               Stuffs
               ,
               Carpets
               ,
               Embroideries
               ,
               Musk
               ,
               Amber
               ,
               &c.
               
               The
               People
               are
               of
               a
               Swarthy
               Complexion
               ,
               especially
               those
               living
               towards
               the
               Southern
               parts
               ,
               short
               Nosed
               ,
               black
               Eyed
               ,
               with
               thin
               Beards
               ,
               wearing
               long
               Garments
               ,
               with
               loose
               Sleeves
               ,
               and
               Hair
               at
               its
               full
               growth
               ;
               they
               are
               much
               given
               to
               often
               eating
               ,
               but
               then
               they
               do
               it
               very
               sparingly
               ,
               not
               touching
               their
               Victuals
               with
               their
               hands
               ,
               but
               take
               it
               with
               a
               Fork
               made
               of
               Ebbony
               or
               Ivory
               ,
               from
               whom
               the
               Europeans
               learned
               the
               Fashion
               .
               The
               Men
               are
               very
               Jealous
               of
               their
               Wives
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               they
               will
               not
               suffer
               them
               to
               go
               abroad
               ,
               nor
               sit
               at
               the
               Table
               with
               them
               if
               any
               Stranger
               be
               there
               ,
               unless
               some
               very
               near
               Kinsman
               ;
               however
               they
               permit
               
               them
               to
               go
               as
               Gay
               as
               they
               please
               about
               the
               House
               ,
               and
               one
               Trick
               has
               been
               brought
               into
               a
               Custom
               ,
               to
               prevent
               their
               desiring
               to
               ramble
               ,
               the
               which
               is
               by
               the
               hard
               binding
               up
               their
               Feet
               when
               Children
               ,
               to
               render
               them
               small
               ,
               that
               being
               accounted
               the
               greatest
               Ornament
               or
               Beauty
               ,
               so
               that
               being
               Cripled
               by
               that
               means
               ,
               they
               cannot
               go
               without
               pain
               .
               As
               for
               their
               dead
               ,
               they
               bury
               them
               in
               Fields
               fifteen
               days
               after
               their
               decease
               :
               They
               that
               are
               buried
               within
               the
               Walls
               of
               Cities
               ,
               &c.
               being
               by
               them
               accounted
               most
               miserable
               .
               Knowledge
               they
               have
               of
               the
               Deity
               ,
               and
               some
               marks
               and
               foot-steps
               of
               Christianity
               is
               remaining
               amongst
               them
               ,
               but
               so
               obscured
               ,
               that
               they
               live
               for
               the
               most
               part
               after
               the
               manner
               of
               the
               ancient
               Gentiles
               ,
               offering
               Sacrifices
               to
               the
               Devil
               ,
               thereby
               to
               appease
               him
               ,
               that
               he
               should
               do
               'em
               no
               Mischief
               ;
               and
               will
               needs
               have
               the
               date
               of
               their
               Actions
               ,
               or
               the
               beginning
               of
               their
               Kingdom
               ,
               long
               before
               the
               Wor●d
               was
               made
               ,
               telling
               many
               strange
               and
               incredible
               Stories
               about
               the
               Creation
               ,
               &c.
               
               In
               their
               Building
               ,
               and
               indeed
               in
               all
               their
               Actions
               ,
               they
               are
               very
               neat
               ,
               and
               the
               Countrey
               so
               populous
               ,
               though
               the
               Wars
               with
               the
               Tartars
               have
               somwhat
               lessened
               the
               number
               ;
               that
               some
               of
               their
               Kings
               have
               brought
               a
               Million
               of
               People
               into
               the
               Field
               ,
               and
               has
               seldom
               less
               ,
               than
               1000
               Ships
               of
               War
               ,
               though
               of
               no
               great
               Service
               ,
               in
               a
               readiness
               ,
               and
               10000
               lesser
               Vessels
               on
               several
               Rivers
               ,
               for
               carrying
               of
               Goods
               and
               Merchandise
               from
               place
               to
               place
               ;
               yet
               so
               jealous
               are
               they
               of
               Strangers
               prying
               into
               their
               Affairs
               ,
               that
               in
               some
               Cities
               't
               is
               Death
               for
               any
               but
               a
               Native
               to
               lodge
               a
               Night
               within
               the
               Walls
               ,
               nor
               is
               he
               permitted
               in
               the
               day
               time
               to
               enter
               ,
               without
               giving
               his
               name
               to
               a
               
                 Publique
                 Notary
              
               ,
               which
               when
               he
               returns
               ,
               he
               must
               see
               crossed
               out
               ,
               or
               where
               ever
               he
               is
               found
               ,
               he
               suffers
               for
               it
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Towns
               and
               Cities
               are
               too
               Numerous
               to
               be
               particularly
               recited
               ,
               but
               the
               principal
               are
               Quinsay
               ,
               100
               Miles
               in
               Circuit
               ,
               with
               a
               Lake
               of
               30
               Miles
               compass
               within
               the
               Walls
               ,
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               which
               is
               an
               Island
               ,
               where
               the
               Emperor
               (
               as
               he
               stiles
               himself
               )
               has
               a
               Magnificent
               Pallace
               ,
               and
               is
               thought
               to
               contain
               Two
               millions
               of
               People
               .
               Pequin
               or
               Pekin
               ,
               not
               much
               inferiour
               to
               the
               former
               in
               bigness
               ,
               but
               nothing
               in
               Trade
               ,
               and
               all
               the
               Countrey
               is
               so
               free
               from
               Hills
               or
               Mountains
               ,
               that
               the
               Chinese
               ride
               in
               Charriots
               made
               of
               Reeds
               ,
               or
               Canes
               ,
               which
               by
               the
               help
               of
               Sails
               is
               driven
               by
               the
               Wind
               ,
               as
               if
               drawn
               by
               Horses
               ,
               or
               floating
               upon
               the
               Water
               .
               As
               for
               the
               Rivers
               ,
               they
               are
               but
               few
               ,
               and
               those
               proceed
               from
               great
               Lakes
               ,
               as
               wanting
               hills
               to
               give
               them
               Springs
               ;
               the
               principal
               are
               
                 Aspthara
                 ,
                 Senus
                 ,
                 Ambactu
              
               ,
               and
               Cotiaris
               ,
               all
               Navigable
               ;
               and
               have
               over
               them
               a
               great
               Number
               of
               Bridges
               ,
               the
               Arches
               of
               some
               of
               them
               rising
               so
               high
               ,
               that
               a
               Ship
               under
               Sail
               may
               pass
               with
               as
               much
               ease
               as
               a
               Boat
               :
               And
               as
               for
               the
               Customs
               arising
               by
               Trade
               ,
               they
               are
               so
               great
               ,
               that
               no
               Prince
               whatsoever
               receives
               so
               much
               upon
               the
               like
               occasion
               .
            
          
           
             
               East
               India
               described
               ,
               in
               its
               Kingdoms
               and
               Provinces
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               INDIA
               the
               largest
               Tract
               in
               the
               World
               ,
               going
               under
               one
               entire
               name
               or
               denomination
               ,
               except
               Tartary
               and
               China
               ,
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               the
               Oriental
               Sea
               ,
               and
               a
               part
               of
               China
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               Dominions
               of
               the
               
                 Persian
                 Sophy
              
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Branches
               of
               Mount
               Taurus
               ,
               that
               divide
               it
               from
               Tartary
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               South
               with
               the
               
                 Indian
                 Ocean
              
               :
               The
               whole
               Countrey
               (
               as
               most
               considerate
               persons
               affirm
               )
               taking
               its
               name
               from
               the
               River
               Indus
               ,
               the
               most
               famous
               and
               noted
               in
               that
               part
               of
               
               Asia
               ;
               tho
               some
               will
               have
               it
               to
               be
               so
               called
               from
               the
               end
               or
               furthest
               extent
               of
               Asia
               ,
               and
               is
               extended
               from
               106
               to
               159
               degrees
               of
               Longitude
               ,
               and
               from
               the
               Equinoctial
               or
               Equator
               ,
               to
               44
               degrees
               of
               North
               Latitude
               ,
               as
               to
               the
               main
               Continent
               ,
               tho
               some
               Islands
               reckoned
               within
               the
               compass
               of
               India
               ,
               extend
               to
               9
               degrees
               South
               Latitude
               .
            
             
               This
               Countrey
               ,
               to
               give
               it
               its
               due
               ,
               is
               in
               most
               parts
               exceeding
               pleasant
               and
               flourishing
               ,
               enjoying
               healthful
               and
               Temperate
               Air
               ,
               unless
               at
               some
               Seasons
               ,
               when
               the
               heat
               is
               excessive
               in
               the
               Southern
               parts
               ,
               the
               Summer
               continuing
               there
               much
               longer
               than
               with
               us
               ,
               so
               that
               they
               have
               in
               a
               manner
               Two
               Summers
               giving
               a
               double
               increase
               ;
               so
               that
               they
               want
               nothing
               fit
               for
               the
               sustaining
               the
               Life
               of
               Man
               ,
               or
               whatever
               may
               tend
               to
               Recreation
               or
               Delight
               :
               The
               Kingdoms
               and
               Provinces
               generally
               abounding
               with
               Precious
               Stones
               ,
               Spices
               ,
               Perfumes
               ,
               Medicinals
               ,
               Mines
               of
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               ,
               and
               Minerals
               of
               all
               other
               kinds
               ,
               Copper
               and
               Lead
               excepted
               ;
               and
               that
               they
               may
               not
               so
               abound
               as
               to
               reject
               the
               Traffick
               of
               other
               Countries
               ,
               they
               are
               deficient
               in
               Wheat
               and
               Vines
               ,
               and
               have
               but
               few
               Horses
               ;
               the
               Creatures
               they
               use
               for
               Service
               ,
               being
               Camels
               ,
               Elephants
               ,
               and
               Dromedaries
               ,
               with
               other
               Creatures
               of
               lesser
               note
               :
               Though
               the
               Woods
               ,
               Plains
               ,
               and
               Rivers
               abound
               with
               Tygers
               ;
               some
               Lyons
               ,
               Rhinocerots
               ,
               Apes
               ,
               Serpents
               ,
               and
               Crocodiles
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               Seas
               are
               found
               Whales
               of
               a
               monstrous
               size
               ,
               as
               66
               Cubits
               in
               length
               and
               20
               in
               thickness
               ,
               with
               lesser
               Fish
               of
               sundry
               forms
               ,
               not
               found
               in
               the
               European
               Seas
               ,
               nor
               perhaps
               in
               any
               other
               .
               The
               Natives
               of
               India
               are
               different
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Climates
               they
               inhabit
               ;
               but
               in
               general
               of
               a-Swarthy
               Complexion
               ,
               Tall
               of
               Stature
               ,
               Strong
               of
               Body
               ,
               and
               in
               most
               places
               very
               much
               Civiliz'd
               ,
               and
               Exact
               Dealers
               ;
               and
               altho
               the
               common
               sort
               are
               but
               meanly
               clad
               ,
               and
               many
               only
               with
               Garments
               capable
               of
               hiding
               their
               Privities
               ,
               and
               others
               meerly
               for
               
               Decency
               ,
               yet
               those
               of
               the
               better
               rank
               observe
               a
               Majesty
               in
               both
               Sex
               ,
               as
               to
               their
               Raiment
               and
               Attendants
               ,
               Perfuming
               themselves
               ,
               and
               wearing
               besides
               Rich
               Attire
               ,
               Jewels
               ,
               and
               other
               Ornaments
               of
               great
               value
               ;
               and
               tho
               the
               Women
               are
               barred
               of
               that
               Perfection
               of
               Beauty
               the
               Europeans
               posses
               ,
               yet
               have
               they
               many
               lovely
               and
               attractive
               Features
               ,
               wearing
               their
               Hair
               long
               and
               loose
               ,
               yet
               covered
               with
               a
               Veil
               of
               Calicut
               Lawn
               ;
               their
               Ears
               hung
               with
               Rings
               and
               Jewels
               ,
               so
               heavy
               ,
               that
               the
               weight
               distorts
               and
               disproportions
               them
               ;
               they
               have
               also
               Jewels
               in
               their
               Noses
               ,
               according
               to
               their
               degree
               ,
               and
               are
               very
               submissive
               and
               loving
               to
               their
               Husbands
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               they
               frequently
               leap
               into
               the
               Funeral
               Fires
               ,
               and
               perish
               with
               the
               dead
               Body
               ,
               in
               hopes
               to
               enjoy
               him
               in
               another
               World
               ;
               those
               that
               refuse
               it
               ,
               being
               looked
               upon
               worse
               than
               common
               Prostitutes
               ,
               and
               not
               only
               hated
               ,
               but
               severely
               persecuted
               ,
               to
               the
               hazard
               of
               a
               worse
               Death
               by
               their
               own
               Relations
               .
            
             
               The
               Religion
               of
               the
               India's
               is
               mostly
               that
               of
               Gentilism
               ,
               tho
               Mahometism
               has
               made
               a
               considerable
               progress
               ;
               and
               since
               the
               Europeans
               have
               Traded
               here
               ,
               Christianity
               has
               considerably
               prevailed
               or
               rather
               revived
               ;
               it
               being
               held
               on
               all
               hands
               that
               St.
               Thomas
               the
               Apostle
               planted
               the
               Christian
               Religion
               in
               these
               parts
               ,
               of
               which
               upon
               the
               first
               Arrival
               of
               the
               Portugals
               ,
               many
               marks
               remained
               ;
               and
               in
               this
               Countrey
               it
               is
               held
               he
               suffered
               Matyrdom
               ,
               being
               run
               through
               the
               Body
               with
               a
               Spear
               as
               he
               was
               at
               his
               Devotion
               ,
               by
               the
               Command
               of
               an
               Indian
               King
               ;
               and
               if
               we
               take
               India
               in
               general
               ,
               it
               consists
               of
               a
               mixture
               of
               five
               sorts
               of
               people
               more
               especially
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Indians
                 ,
                 Moors
              
               or
               
                 Arabians
                 ,
                 Jews
                 ,
                 Tartars
              
               ,
               and
               
                 European
                 Christians
              
               ,
               who
               have
               planted
               divers
               Colonies
               on
               the
               Sea
               Coast
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Islands
               ,
               strongly
               fortifying
               themselves
               against
               the
               Power
               of
               the
               Natives
               and
               other
               Strangers
               .
            
             
             
               This
               large
               Countrey
               ,
               especially
               on
               the
               Continent
               ,
               is
               principally
               divided
               into
               
                 India
                 intra
                 Gangem
              
               ,
               and
               
                 India
                 extra
                 Gangem
              
               ,
               and
               then
               subdivided
               into
               Kingdoms
               and
               Provinces
               ,
               and
               the
               chief
               contained
               in
               the
               former
               ,
               are
               
                 Narsinga
                 ,
                 Mallabar
                 ,
                 Balassia
                 ,
                 Cambaia
                 ,
                 Mandoa
                 ,
                 Bengala
                 ,
                 Ostrian
                 ,
                 Conora
                 ,
              
               and
               Dellie
               ;
               and
               of
               these
               in
               their
               order
               .
            
             
               NARSINGA
               lies
               on
               the
               East
               of
               the
               Golf
               of
               Bengal
               ,
               properly
               accounted
               a
               Kingdom
               ,
               and
               is
               3000
               miles
               in
               Compass
               ,
               the
               King
               whereof
               is
               not
               subject
               to
               the
               
                 Great
                 Mogul
              
               ,
               but
               for
               his
               support
               ,
               and
               the
               defence
               of
               his
               Countrey
               ,
               keeps
               40000
               Men
               in
               pay
               ,
               and
               can
               raise
               upon
               occasion
               a
               far
               greater
               Number
               ;
               the
               Countrey
               is
               very
               fruitful
               ,
               as
               being
               watered
               with
               many
               pleasant
               Streams
               ,
               besides
               what
               the
               Ganges
               contributes
               towards
               it
               ,
               and
               has
               for
               its
               Chief
               City
               Melleaper
               ,
               otherwise
               called
               St.
               Thomas
               ,
               in
               Memory
               of
               the
               Apostle
               said
               to
               be
               Martyred
               in
               it
               ;
               Bisnagar
               a
               Town
               of
               considerable
               Beauty
               and
               Trade
               ;
               as
               also
               Narsinga
               ,
               from
               whence
               the
               Kingdom
               seems
               to
               take
               its
               Name
               ;
               and
               here
               the
               Women
               burn
               themselves
               with
               their
               Husbands
               .
            
             
               MALLABAR
               ,
               formerly
               called
               
                 Aurea
                 Chersonesus
              
               ,
               is
               a
               Countrey
               extreamly
               well
               peopled
               ,
               yielding
               Corn
               ,
               Spices
               ,
               Cocoes
               ,
               Jaceroes
               ,
               and
               although
               it
               has
               not
               above
               25
               Leagues
               of
               Sea
               Coast
               ,
               yet
               it
               has
               in
               its
               Tract
               the
               Provinces
               of
               
                 Kanonor
                 ,
                 Calecut
                 ,
                 Cranganor
                 ,
                 Cochin
              
               and
               Cariolam
               ,
               and
               is
               of
               large
               Inland
               extent
               ;
               the
               people
               upon
               many
               parts
               of
               the
               Coast
               addicting
               themselves
               to
               Piracy
               ,
               and
               prove
               very
               inhospitable
               to
               Strangers
               ,
               eating
               Humane
               Flesh
               ,
               and
               giving
               their
               Virgins
               to
               the
               Priests
               or
               Strangers
               to
               be
               deflowred
               ,
               before
               they
               suffer
               them
               to
               be
               Bedded
               by
               themselves
               when
               Married
               ;
               with
               many
               other
               Barbarous
               Customs
               ,
               as
               their
               changing
               their
               Wives
               ,
               and
               their
               having
               sometimes
               but
               one
               between
               seven
               or
               eight
               of
               them
               .
            
             
             
               BALASSIA
               ,
               called
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Bocan
               ,
               tho
               but
               very
               small
               ,
               is
               nevertheless
               famed
               for
               the
               Mines
               of
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               found
               therein
               ,
               by
               which
               the
               Neighbouring
               Countreys
               are
               enriched
               ,
               having
               for
               its
               Chief
               Towns
               
                 Senergian
                 ,
                 Balassia
              
               ,
               and
               Bocan
               ,
               very
               Fruitful
               in
               many
               parts
               ,
               and
               much
               Traded
               to
               .
            
             
               CAMBAIA
               ,
               called
               by
               some
               Guzant
               ,
               is
               accommodated
               with
               500
               Miles
               of
               Sea
               Coast
               ,
               very
               Fertile
               ,
               and
               is
               full
               of
               Cities
               and
               Towns
               ,
               many
               of
               them
               considerably
               Traded
               to
               ,
               and
               altho
               Cattle
               of
               sundry
               kinds
               abound
               here
               ,
               the
               people
               are
               so
               Superstitious
               ,
               that
               they
               will
               eat
               no
               Flesh
               ,
               but
               live
               upon
               what
               else
               the
               Countrey
               affords
               ,
               fancying
               ,
               like
               the
               Pythagoreans
               ,
               that
               the
               Souls
               of
               Men
               pass
               into
               Beasts
               ,
               &c.
               though
               they
               spare
               not
               to
               kill
               the
               Elephants
               for
               their
               vory
               ,
               and
               have
               for
               their
               Chief
               Sea
               Towns
               ,
               
                 Daman
                 ,
                 Curate
                 ,
                 Bandora
                 ,
                 Ravellum
                 ,
              
               and
               for
               those
               more
               inland
               
                 Campanel
                 ,
                 Tanaa
                 ,
                 Mollar
              
               ,
               and
               Cambaia
               ;
               the
               last
               giving
               Name
               to
               the
               whole
               Kingdom
               .
            
             
               MANDOA
               ,
               a
               Province
               very
               Fruitful
               ,
               and
               stored
               with
               considerable
               Towns
               ,
               and
               above
               the
               rest
               Mandoa
               ,
               from
               which
               it
               takes
               its
               name
               ,
               being
               30
               Miles
               in
               compass
               ,
               and
               said
               to
               be
               so
               well
               Furnished
               for
               Defence
               ,
               that
               it
               held
               out
               a
               Twelve
               years
               Siege
               against
               the
               Armies
               of
               very
               Powerful
               Kings
               ;
               Molta
               ,
               where
               the
               Women
               imitating
               the
               Men
               ,
               ride
               a
               stride
               with
               Boots
               and
               Spurs
               on
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               BENGALA
               ,
               is
               a
               very
               large
               ,
               and
               no
               less
               Fruitful
               Kingdom
               ,
               lying
               upon
               the
               great
               Golf
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               to
               which
               it
               gives
               Name
               ,
               making
               120
               Leagues
               of
               Sea
               Coast
               ,
               watered
               by
               the
               River
               Chaberis
               ,
               on
               which
               are
               seated
               many
               considerable
               Inland
               Towns
               ,
               full
               of
               people
               ,
               but
               such
               as
               are
               exceeding
               Crafty
               and
               Deceitful
               ,
               thinking
               it
               no
               crime
               to
               cozen
               or
               over-reach
               Strangers
               ,
               nor
               the
               Women
               to
               prostitute
               their
               Bodies
               to
               any
               that
               will
               give
               them
               Money
               ;
               the
               Fathers
               letting
               the
               Daughters
               to
               hire
               for
               so
               long
               as
               is
               desired
               to
               do
               the
               Work
               at
               Bed
               and
               Board
               ,
               it
               being
               the
               
               Custom
               of
               the
               Countrey
               ,
               being
               a
               place
               much
               resorted
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               rich
               Commodities
               found
               there
               ,
               as
               Ginger
               ,
               Long
               Pepper
               ,
               Silks
               ,
               Cottons
               ,
               and
               others
               ,
               &c.
               
               As
               for
               the
               Chief
               Cities
               ,
               they
               are
               Bengala
               ,
               scituate
               on
               the
               Bay
               or
               Golf
               Chatigan
               ,
               or
               Satigar
               ,
               and
               Gouro
               ,
               and
               in
               this
               Tract
               the
               beast
               called
               the
               Rhinoceros
               ,
               is
               chiefly
               found
               .
            
             
               ORISTAN
               or
               Orixa
               is
               a
               Province
               not
               very
               large
               ,
               yet
               furnished
               with
               Rice
               ,
               Cloath
               of
               Cotton
               ,
               a
               fine
               Stuff
               like
               Silk
               made
               of
               Grass
               ,
               and
               there
               called
               Yeva
               ;
               Long
               Pepper
               ,
               Ginger
               ,
               Mirabolans
               ,
               and
               other
               Commodities
               ;
               So
               that
               from
               the
               Haven
               of
               
                 Orissa
                 25
              
               or
               30
               Ships
               have
               been
               laden
               with
               the
               Commodities
               of
               this
               Province
               in
               a
               Season
               ;
               and
               here
               the
               people
               differ
               from
               the
               foregoing
               ,
               as
               being
               very
               honest
               and
               just
               in
               their
               Dealings
               ,
               and
               has
               for
               its
               Chief
               City
               Raman
               ,
               where
               the
               Governour
               for
               the
               Mogul
               resides
               .
            
             
               CANORA
               is
               a
               Kingdom
               of
               considerable
               strength
               and
               largeness
               ,
               but
               famed
               for
               nothing
               more
               than
               the
               Quarries
               of
               Adamant
               ,
               where
               likewise
               Diamonds
               of
               Considerable
               Value
               are
               found
               ,
               and
               that
               none
               may
               purloyn
               them
               ,
               a
               Wall
               is
               drawn
               about
               the
               Hill
               ,
               and
               a
               Guard
               set
               upon
               the
               Gates
               :
               As
               for
               the
               chief
               Cities
               or
               Towns
               ,
               they
               are
               
                 Lispeo
                 ,
                 Dangar
              
               ,
               and
               Vltabat
               ,
               with
               some
               other
               of
               lesser
               note
               .
            
             
               DELLIE
               is
               accounted
               as
               the
               former
               ,
               a
               Kingdom
               ,
               the
               Prince
               ,
               or
               rather
               Governour
               of
               it
               living
               in
               great
               State
               ,
               and
               is
               so
               highly
               Reverenced
               by
               his
               Subjects
               ,
               that
               they
               not
               only
               kneel
               when
               he
               passes
               in
               a
               Rich
               Chair
               of
               State
               carried
               on
               Mens
               Shoulders
               ,
               but
               upon
               Notice
               given
               that
               he
               shaves
               his
               Beard
               ,
               or
               has
               his
               Hair
               Cut
               ,
               a
               Jubile
               is
               kept
               throughout
               his
               Countrey
               :
               As
               for
               the
               Soil
               ,
               it
               is
               not
               very
               Fruitful
               ,
               as
               lying
               considerably
               Northward
               ,
               and
               more
               subject
               to
               Frosts
               than
               the
               rest
               :
               It
               s
               Chief
               City
               is
               Dellie
               ,
               from
               whence
               the
               Kingdom
               takes
               its
               Name
               ;
               besides
               which
               ,
               there
               are
               of
               note
               ,
               
                 Fremel
                 ,
                 Fultaber
              
               and
               Besmer
               ;
               and
               these
               People
               above
               other
               Indians
               addict
               
               themselves
               much
               to
               the
               study
               of
               Magick
               .
            
             
               In
               this
               Tract
               of
               
                 Intra
                 Gangem
              
               ,
               are
               found
               the
               Provinces
               of
               Cochin
               ,
               where
               the
               Portugals
               hold
               a
               considerable
               Trade
               ,
               and
               have
               some
               Collonies
               ;
               Cranganor
               a
               small
               Kingdom
               ,
               mostly
               inhabited
               by
               such
               as
               stile
               themselves
               the
               Christians
               of
               St.
               Thomas
               ,
               and
               is
               very
               plentiful
               as
               well
               in
               Product
               as
               Manufacture
               :
               Conlam
               is
               a
               small
               Dominion
               of
               about
               80
               Miles
               extent
               ,
               Governed
               by
               a
               Petty
               King
               ;
               but
               for
               want
               of
               good
               Havens
               or
               Sea-coast
               ,
               not
               much
               Traded
               to
               ,
               though
               it
               comprehends
               Three
               and
               twenty
               Walled
               Towns.
               
            
          
           
             
               India
               Extra
               Gangem
               .
            
             
               IN
               this
               part
               of
               India
               are
               found
               divers
               Rich
               Countreys
               ,
               viz.
               
            
             
               ARACHAN
               ,
               an
               Inland
               Region
               invironed
               with
               Mountains
               and
               Woods
               ,
               yet
               exceeding
               Fruitful
               ,
               and
               in
               it
               are
               gathered
               from
               the
               Rough
               Rocks
               ,
               &c.
               great
               quantities
               of
               
                 Precious
                 Stones
              
               ;
               as
               for
               the
               Chief
               City
               it
               is
               Arachan
               .
            
             
               MACHIN
               a
               little
               Kingdom
               ,
               wherein
               grows
               the
               Wood
               Aloes
               ,
               much
               esteemed
               and
               valued
               ,
               and
               has
               Machin
               for
               its
               Chief
               City
               .
            
             
               CAMBOIA
               a
               large
               Countrey
               full
               of
               People
               ,
               abounding
               with
               Elephants
               and
               Rhinocerots
               ;
               also
               with
               Gold
               Silver
               and
               Aloes
               ,
               and
               other
               Commodities
               of
               considerable
               value
               ,
               put
               to
               Sale
               in
               Camboia
               its
               Chief
               City
               .
            
             
               
                 COCHIN
                 ,
                 China
              
               a
               Countrey
               (
               once
               belonging
               to
               the
               Chinese
               ,
               but
               now
               under
               the
               Mogul
               ,
               Governed
               by
               his
               Deputed
               
                 King
                 ▪
              
               )
               abounding
               with
               
                 Porcelain
                 ,
                 Aloes
                 ,
                 Silks
                 ,
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Silver
                 ,
              
               &c.
               having
               its
               Chief
               City
               of
               the
               same
               Name
               .
            
             
               BRAMA
               once
               a
               Kingdom
               of
               no
               account
               ,
               but
               now
               by
               the
               Conquests
               the
               Kings
               have
               made
               ,
               it
               has
               under
               its
               power
               
                 Cal●●
                 ,
                 P●o●a
                 ,
                 Melinta
                 ,
                 M●a●da
                 ,
                 
                 Decan
                 ,
                 Tangu
                 ,
                 Ava
                 ,
                 Machin
                 ,
                 Aracan
                 ,
                 Odia
                 ,
                 Pegu
                 ,
                 Siam
                 ,
              
               and
               others
               ;
               so
               that
               it
               is
               the
               most
               powerful
               in
               this
               Tract
               ;
               and
               the
               City
               of
               Pegu
               is
               the
               Royal
               Residence
               of
               that
               King.
               
            
             
               SIAM
               ,
               once
               a
               powerful
               Kingdom
               ,
               the
               King
               thereof
               styling
               himself
               Mighty
               ,
               but
               now
               ,
               as
               before
               intimated
               ,
               it
               is
               Tributary
               to
               the
               King
               of
               Brama
               ,
               and
               is
               however
               a
               very
               Fertil
               Countrey
               ,
               having
               Malucca
               for
               its
               Chief
               City
               ,
               possessed
               by
               the
               Portugals
               ,
               and
               much
               Traded
               to
               by
               other
               Nations
               for
               Spices
               .
            
             
               PEGV
               was
               formerly
               so
               powerful
               ,
               that
               the
               Kings
               thereof
               have
               brought
               Armies
               of
               11
               and
               900000
               men
               into
               the
               Field
               ,
               extending
               their
               Conquests
               very
               wide
               ,
               but
               now
               the
               good
               Fortune
               of
               the
               Bramanian
               holds
               it
               in
               subjection
               .
               These
               are
               the
               places
               of
               chief
               Note
               upon
               the
               Continent
               ;
               however
               there
               are
               found
               in
               this
               large
               Tract
               the
               Provinces
               or
               Kingdoms
               of
               
                 Dulsinda
                 ,
                 Pengab
                 ,
                 Agra
                 ,
                 Sanga
                 ,
                 Camboia
                 ,
                 Decan
                 ,
                 Botanter
                 ,
                 Patanaw
                 ,
              
               and
               Jangoma
               ;
               many
               of
               them
               very
               spacious
               ,
               abounding
               with
               
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 Cattle
                 ,
                 Minerals
                 ,
                 Precious
                 Stones
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               like
               :
               This
               Countrey
               rarely
               failing
               any
               where
               to
               produce
               something
               worthy
               of
               Note
               .
            
             
               The
               Principal
               Rivers
               are
               
                 Ganges
                 ,
                 Indus
              
               ,
               and
               Hydaspes
               ;
               the
               first
               in
               such
               esteem
               with
               the
               Natives
               ,
               that
               they
               come
               many
               miles
               on
               Pilgrimage
               to
               it
               ,
               Superstitiously
               imagining
               ,
               that
               if
               they
               drink
               the
               Water
               of
               this
               River
               before
               they
               die
               ,
               they
               shall
               undoubtedly
               possess
               their
               Imagined
               Felicity
               in
               another
               World
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               last
               are
               found
               a
               great
               number
               of
               
                 Precious
                 Stones
              
               ,
               washed
               from
               the
               Rocks
               and
               Mountains
               ,
               by
               the
               sudden
               Showers
               ;
               and
               to
               these
               Streams
               above
               40
               considerable
               Rivers
               contribute
               ,
               fatning
               and
               enriching
               the
               Soil
               in
               every
               part
               where
               they
               flow
               .
               As
               for
               Mountains
               of
               note
               ,
               except
               some
               
                 Branches
                 of
                 Ta●rus
              
               ,
               there
               are
               but
               few
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           Geographical
           and
           Historical
           Description
           OF
           AFRICA
           ,
           In
           its
           Kingdoms
           and
           Provinces
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           AFRICA
           larger
           than
           Europe
           ,
           but
           less
           than
           Asia
           ,
           is
           bounded
           on
           the
           East
           with
           the
           
             Red
             Sea
          
           and
           
             Arabian
             Bay
          
           ,
           parted
           by
           them
           from
           Asia
           ;
           on
           the
           West
           with
           the
           Main
           
             Atlantick
             Ocean
          
           ,
           separating
           it
           from
           America
           ;
           on
           the
           North
           with
           the
           
             Mediterranean
             Sea
          
           ,
           dividing
           it
           from
           Europe
           and
           Anatolia
           ;
           and
           on
           the
           South
           with
           the
           
             Aethiopick
             Ocean
          
           ,
           separating
           it
           from
           the
           Southern
           Continent
           ;
           and
           joyns
           only
           to
           Asia
           by
           an
           Isthmus
           of
           60
           Miles
           ,
           over
           which
           Cleopatra
           the
           Queen
           of
           Aegypt
           when
           she
           fled
           with
           Antony
           from
           the
           Naval
           Fight
           at
           Actium
           ,
           purposed
           to
           draw
           by
           main
           force
           her
           
             Ships
             and
             Galleys
          
           into
           the
           
           
             Red
             Sea
          
           ,
           but
           was
           disswaded
           from
           it
           ,
           by
           being
           put
           in
           hopes
           of
           a
           better
           Fortune
           .
        
         
           AFRICA
           is
           held
           to
           have
           taken
           its
           name
           from
           Affro
           or
           Apher
           ,
           descended
           from
           Abraham
           ,
           and
           is
           properly
           held
           to
           contain
           Six
           principal
           Regions
           ,
           besides
           other
           of
           lesser
           note
           ,
           
             viz.
             Barbary
             ,
             Egypt
             ,
             Numidia
             ,
             Sarra
             ,
          
           the
           Countrey
           of
           the
           Negro's
           ,
           and
           the
           Dominions
           of
           
             Prestor
             John
          
           ,
           and
           is
           in
           form
           like
           a
           Pyramid
           reversed
           ,
           the
           Basis
           of
           which
           ,
           from
           Tangier
           to
           the
           Straights
           of
           Gibralter
           ,
           to
           the
           Point
           where
           it
           joyneth
           to
           Asia
           ,
           is
           counted
           1920
           Italian
           Miles
           ,
           the
           Cone
           of
           it
           very
           narrow
           ,
           but
           to
           reckon
           from
           the
           Cone
           or
           Pyris
           ,
           to
           the
           Northern
           parts
           of
           the
           Basis
           ,
           it
           extendeth
           it self
           4155
           Miles
           ,
           and
           is
           scituate
           for
           the
           most
           part
           under
           the
           
             Torrid
             Zone
          
           ,
           being
           crossed
           by
           the
           Equator
           almost
           in
           the
           midst
           ,
           which
           made
           some
           of
           the
           Ancient
           Writers
           conceive
           it
           not
           habitable
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           excessive
           Heat
           in
           the
           middle
           and
           more
           southern
           parts
           ,
           in
           which
           they
           deceived
           themselves
           ;
           for
           altho
           in
           some
           places
           it
           is
           full
           of
           Sandy
           Desarts
           ,
           yet
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           those
           Regions
           that
           lie
           near
           or
           under
           the
           Line
           ,
           are
           furnished
           with
           so
           many
           Fountains
           ,
           Rivers
           ,
           and
           little
           Brooks
           ,
           Cedars
           and
           other
           lofty
           Trees
           ,
           casting
           a
           large
           Shade
           as
           well
           as
           bearing
           delicate
           Fruits
           ,
           and
           at
           all
           times
           stored
           with
           Blossoms
           ,
           that
           the
           place
           is
           not
           despicable
           ,
           but
           much
           to
           be
           desired
           ,
           and
           especially
           places
           more
           Northward
           ,
           but
           leaving
           it
           in
           general
           ,
           we
           proceed
           (
           for
           the
           better
           satisfaction
           of
           the
           Reader
           )
           to
           particulars
           .
        
         
           
             A
             Description
             of
             Egypt
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             EGYPT
             ,
             once
             a
             Famous
             and
             Flourishing
             Kingdom
             ,
             now
             in
             the
             hand
             of
             the
             Turks
             ;
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             Idumaea
             ,
             and
             the
             
               Arabian
               Bay
            
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             with
             
               Numidia
               ,
               Barbary
            
             ,
             and
             part
             of
             
             Lybia
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             
               Mediterranean
               Sea
            
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             South
             with
             
               Aethiopia
               Superiour
            
             ,
             containing
             in
             length
             from
             the
             Mediterranean
             to
             the
             City
             of
             Asua
             or
             Syene
             bordering
             on
             
               Aethiopia
               ,
               562
               Italian
            
             Miles
             ,
             and
             in
             breadth
             from
             Roseta
             to
             Damiatia
             ,
             or
             from
             the
             most
             Western
             Branch
             of
             Nile
             to
             the
             farthest
             East
             160
             of
             the
             like
             Miles
             ;
             said
             to
             be
             first
             Inhabited
             by
             Misraim
             the
             Son
             of
             Chus
             ,
             and
             Grandchild
             to
             Cham
             ,
             scituate
             under
             the
             Second
             and
             Fifth
             Climates
             ,
             making
             the
             longest
             Summers
             day
             but
             13
             hours
             and
             a
             half
             ,
             and
             altho
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             Southerly
             scituation
             ,
             it
             must
             consequently
             be
             in
             a
             hot
             and
             sultry
             Air
             ;
             it
             has
             nevertheless
             fresh
             Gales
             of
             Wind
             to
             temperate
             it
             ,
             and
             once
             a
             Year
             〈◊〉
             over-flowing
             of
             the
             River
             Nilus
             ,
             which
             renders
             it
             so
             Fruitful
             ,
             that
             it
             abounds
             with
             rich
             Pastures
             ,
             store
             of
             Camels
             ,
             Horses
             ,
             Oxen
             ,
             Asses
             ,
             Sheep
             and
             Goats
             of
             extraordinary
             growth
             ;
             also
             with
             infinite
             store
             of
             Wild
             and
             Tame
             Fowl
             ,
             with
             plenty
             of
             Minerals
             ,
             Precious
             Stones
             ,
             Wine
             ,
             Choice
             Fruits
             ,
             as
             Oranges
             ,
             Lemons
             ,
             Citrons
             ,
             Pomegranats
             ,
             Cherries
             ,
             &c.
             and
             has
             Palm
             Trees
             in
             great
             numbers
             growing
             Male
             and
             Female
             ,
             and
             the
             Female
             bears
             not
             unless
             she
             grows
             by
             the
             Male
             ;
             a
             Tree
             universally
             useful
             ,
             as
             serving
             to
             above
             twenty
             ends
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             People
             ,
             they
             are
             of
             a
             Swarthy
             or
             Tawny
             Complexion
             ,
             very
             much
             inured
             to
             Labour
             ,
             tho
             the
             Countrey
             yields
             great
             Encrease
             of
             its
             own
             accord
             ;
             very
             servile
             and
             obedient
             to
             their
             Conquerers
             ,
             who
             Lord
             it
             over
             them
             ;
             the
             Richer
             sort
             generally
             addicting
             themselves
             to
             Necromancy
             and
             Sorcery
             ,
             and
             are
             said
             first
             to
             Teach
             the
             use
             of
             Letters
             to
             the
             Phaenicians
             ,
             though
             the
             Magi
             ,
             and
             those
             that
             were
             stiled
             their
             Priests
             ,
             strugled
             all
             that
             in
             them
             lay
             to
             obscure
             Learning
             ,
             by
             representing
             the
             meaning
             of
             what
             they
             intended
             to
             express
             in
             Hieroglyphicks
             ,
             shadowing
             it
             under
             divers
             forms
             of
             Birds
             and
             Beast
             ,
             &c.
             and
             here
             are
             to
             be
             found
             the
             Ruins
             of
             mighty
             
             Structures
             ,
             as
             the
             Pyramids
             and
             Tower
             of
             Pharo's
             built
             of
             Marble
             ,
             exceeding
             high
             ,
             nightly
             hung
             with
             Lights
             ,
             as
             a
             Sea-mark
             to
             Sailors
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             rare
             Matters
             to
             demonstrate
             the
             Magnificence
             of
             a
             Plenteous
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             Cities
             of
             Egypt
             ,
             they
             are
             generally
             built
             upon
             Hills
             or
             high
             rising
             Ground
             ,
             to
             stand
             dry
             during
             the
             over-flowing
             of
             Nilus
             ,
             from
             whose
             Waters
             the
             Countrey
             receives
             its
             Fertility
             ;
             so
             that
             whilst
             it
             carries
             its
             Stream
             over
             the
             Land
             ,
             they
             Commerce
             with
             each
             other
             by
             little
             Boats
             ,
             which
             beginning
             on
             the
             15th
             of
             June
             ,
             lasts
             40
             days
             ,
             standing
             15
             Cubits
             in
             many
             places
             ,
             and
             in
             40
             more
             gathers
             its
             Waters
             within
             the
             Banks
             ,
             by
             which
             means
             the
             Earth
             is
             so
             well
             tempered
             (
             for
             in
             this
             Kingdom
             there
             falls
             no
             Rain
             )
             that
             the
             Encrease
             is
             sixty
             and
             eighty
             fold
             ,
             their
             Harvest
             being
             commonly
             in
             our
             March
             and
             April
             ;
             and
             if
             the
             River
             flows
             too
             scanty
             or
             too
             immoderate
             ,
             then
             it
             betokens
             scarcity
             or
             some
             misfortune
             to
             the
             Prince
             ,
             Governour
             ,
             or
             State
             ,
             and
             whilst
             its
             Waters
             are
             abroad
             ,
             which
             at
             the
             first
             issuing
             create
             a
             Plague
             for
             the
             space
             of
             a
             day
             :
             The
             Cattle
             feed
             on
             the
             Hills
             ;
             and
             when
             the
             Famine
             was
             here
             in
             the
             Reign
             of
             Pharaoh
             ,
             this
             River
             refused
             to
             pass
             its
             bounds
             ,
             or
             give
             any
             Assistance
             to
             the
             Thirsty
             Land.
             
          
           
             This
             Countrey
             was
             formerly
             divided
             into
             two
             parts
             ,
             
               viz.
               Delta
            
             and
             Thebais
             ;
             the
             first
             lying
             between
             the
             two
             extream
             Branches
             of
             the
             River
             Nilus
             ,
             in
             form
             of
             the
             greek
             Letter
             ,
             from
             whence
             it
             takes
             it's
             name
             ,
             and
             the
             last
             taking
             name
             from
             the
             City
             of
             Thebes
             ,
             containing
             all
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Rivers
             Course
             ;
             and
             these
             again
             with
             some
             odd
             Angles
             ,
             are
             divided
             by
             some
             into
             many
             
               Parts
               ,
               Shires
            
             ,
             or
             Counties
             ,
             and
             is
             said
             in
             the
             time
             of
             King
             Amasis
             the
             Second
             to
             contain
             20000
             
               Cities
               ,
               Towns
            
             ,
             and
             considerable
             Castles
             ,
             but
             now
             a
             far
             less
             number
             ,
             as
             being
             ruined
             in
             their
             several
             
               Wars
               ,
               &c.
            
             they
             being
             
             Cairo
             or
             
               Grand
               Cair
               ,
               Alexandria
               ,
               Pelusium
               ,
            
             since
             called
             Damiatia
             ,
             taken
             and
             possessed
             by
             the
             Christians
             in
             the
             Holy
             War
             ,
             yet
             held
             out
             so
             obstinately
             upon
             the
             Siege
             ,
             that
             70000
             persons
             died
             of
             the
             Famine
             and
             Pestilence
             :
             Heros
             or
             Heroum
             ,
             scituate
             on
             the
             
               Arabian
               Isthmus
            
             ,
             at
             the
             very
             bottom
             of
             the
             Golf
             ,
             where
             Jacob
             and
             Joseph
             had
             their
             first
             interview
             :
             Heliopolis
             ,
             the
             City
             of
             the
             Sun
             ,
             now
             called
             Betsames
             in
             the
             Land
             of
             
               Goshen
               :
               Arsinoe
            
             ,
             on
             the
             Shoar
             of
             the
             
               Red
               Sea
               ,
               Cleopatris
            
             built
             by
             Queen
             
               Cleopatra
               :
               Gleba
               Rubra
            
             ,
             by
             the
             Greeks
             called
             Hierabolus
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             
               Erithia
               Bolus
            
             ,
             of
             which
             there
             goes
             a
             Story
             ,
             That
             King
             Amenophis
             the
             Fifth
             being
             Blind
             ,
             was
             informed
             by
             one
             of
             his
             Magi
             ,
             that
             if
             he
             could
             procure
             the
             Water
             or
             Urine
             of
             a
             Woman
             that
             had
             been
             Married
             a
             Twelve-month
             and
             upward
             ,
             who
             had
             known
             no
             Man
             but
             her
             Husband
             ,
             it
             would
             restore
             him
             to
             Sight
             ,
             when
             having
             tried
             in
             vain
             a
             great
             number
             ,
             at
             last
             one
             was
             found
             ,
             whose
             Urine
             effected
             it
             ,
             upon
             which
             he
             took
             her
             as
             a
             mark
             of
             Honour
             ,
             to
             be
             his
             Queen
             ,
             and
             caused
             the
             rest
             to
             be
             brought
             into
             this
             Town
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             burnt
             together
             with
             it
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             Egyptians
             ,
             they
             are
             a
             great
             many
             of
             them
             Mahometans
             ,
             and
             some
             maintain
             their
             first
             Idolatrous
             Custom
             ,
             in
             Worshipping
             an
             Ox
             ,
             Onions
             ,
             Leeks
             ,
             and
             other
             Foolish
             Matters
             ,
             and
             when
             they
             have
             a
             great
             Increase
             ,
             they
             Offer
             to
             the
             God
             Nilus
             ,
             as
             they
             term
             the
             River
             ,
             in
             which
             Feast
             the
             poorer
             sort
             spend
             almost
             all
             they
             have
             Laboured
             for
             through
             the
             course
             of
             the
             Year
             ;
             and
             indeed
             ,
             this
             Country
             in
             Fruitfulness
             ,
             occasioned
             by
             that
             River
             ,
             affords
             them
             no
             small
             Store
             ,
             alluding
             to
             which
             ,
             thus
             the
             Poet
             Lucan
             ;
             
               
               
                 Terra
                 suis
                 contenta
                 bonis
                 ,
                 non
                 indiga
                 Mercis
                 ,
              
               
                 Aut
                 Jovis
                 ;
                 in
                 solo
                 tanta
                 est
                 Fiducia
                 Nilo
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Earth
                 content
                 with
                 it
                 's
                 own
                 Wealth
                 doth
                 crave
              
               
                 No
                 Forreign
                 Wares
                 ,
                 nor
                 Jove
                 himself
                 they
                 have
                 ,
              
               
                 Their
                 Hope
                 's
                 alone
                 in
                 Nilus
                 Fruitful
                 wave
                 .
              
            
             And
             one
             thing
             extraordinary
             in
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             we
             think
             not
             fit
             to
             pass
             by
             ,
             which
             if
             true
             (
             as
             indeed
             it
             is
             confirmed
             by
             People
             of
             known
             Credit
             )
             may
             justly
             create
             a
             wonder
             in
             all
             ,
             coming
             to
             pass
             by
             a
             supernatural
             means
             ,
             and
             not
             the
             work
             of
             Art
             and
             Nature
             ,
             viz.
             about
             five
             Miles
             from
             Cair
             ,
             there
             is
             said
             to
             be
             a
             place
             which
             every
             
               Good
               Friday
            
             shews
             the
             appearance
             of
             the
             Heads
             ,
             Legs
             ,
             Arms
             ,
             &c.
             of
             Men
             and
             Children
             ,
             as
             if
             rising
             out
             of
             the
             Ground
             ,
             to
             a
             very
             great
             Number
             ;
             however
             if
             any
             Person
             approach
             them
             ,
             they
             shrink
             in
             again
             :
             A
             strange
             forerunner
             ,
             or
             earnest
             ,
             if
             true
             ,
             of
             the
             Resurrection
             of
             the
             whole
             Body
             ,
             presented
             Yearly
             by
             the
             rising
             of
             the
             Members
             ;
             and
             to
             confirm
             the
             Truth
             hereof
             ,
             
               Stephen
               Dupleis
            
             (
             held
             to
             be
             a
             sober
             discerning
             Man
             )
             affirms
             to
             be
             an
             Eye
             Witness
             of
             the
             Wonder
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             had
             touched
             diverse
             of
             the
             rising
             Members
             ,
             and
             as
             he
             was
             once
             about
             to
             do
             it
             to
             the
             Head
             of
             a
             Child
             ,
             a
             Carian
             forbad
             it
             ,
             telling
             him
             he
             knew
             not
             what
             he
             did
             .
             Another
             Wonder
             is
             the
             Crocodile
             ,
             which
             coming
             from
             a
             small
             Egg
             ,
             not
             exceeding
             the
             bigness
             of
             a
             Turkies
             ,
             grows
             to
             be
             30
             Feet
             in
             length
             and
             proportionable
             in
             thickness
             ,
             living
             at
             Pleasure
             in
             the
             Water
             ,
             or
             on
             the
             Land
             ,
             destroying
             not
             only
             Fish
             ,
             but
             Men
             and
             Beasts
             ;
             and
             with
             these
             the
             Nilus
             abounds
             ,
             as
             also
             with
             a
             Fish
             called
             the
             River
             Horse
             ;
             and
             thus
             much
             for
             Egypt
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             A
             Description
             of
             Barbary
             .
          
           
             BARBARY
             ,
             (
             a
             considerable
             part
             of
             Africk
             ,
             so
             called
             )
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             Cyrenaica
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             with
             the
             
               Atlantick
               Ocean
            
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             Streights
             of
             Gibraltar
             ,
             and
             some
             part
             of
             the
             
               Atlantick
               Ocean
            
             ;
             on
             the
             South
             with
             Mount
             Atlas
             ,
             separated
             by
             that
             Mount
             from
             the
             Desarts
             of
             Lybia
             ,
             scituate
             under
             the
             third
             and
             fourth
             Climates
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             longest
             Summers
             Day
             in
             the
             most
             Southern
             parts
             ,
             amounts
             to
             13
             Hours
             3
             Quarters
             ,
             but
             in
             the
             North
             4
             and
             a
             Quarter
             ,
             accounted
             in
             Length
             1500
             Miles
             ,
             and
             in
             Breadth
             in
             some
             places
             100
             ,
             and
             in
             others
             near
             300
             Miles
             ,
             taking
             its
             Name
             from
             the
             Word
             Bar
             made
             double
             signifying
             in
             the
             Saracens
             Language
             a
             Desart
             .
          
           
             The
             Part
             of
             Barbary
             lying
             towards
             the
             Mediterranean
             ,
             is
             full
             of
             craggy
             Hills
             and
             Mountains
             ,
             shaded
             on
             the
             Top
             with
             Woods
             ,
             where
             Lyons
             and
             other
             Beasts
             of
             Prey
             shelter
             themselves
             ,
             though
             the
             Valleys
             are
             very
             Fruitful
             ,
             but
             deficient
             in
             Wheat
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             the
             Inhabitants
             Eat
             Barley
             Bread
             ,
             yet
             between
             these
             and
             Mount
             Atlas
             ,
             the
             Country
             is
             Champian
             ,
             watered
             with
             many
             Pleasant
             Rivers
             ,
             issuing
             from
             that
             Mountain
             ,
             rendering
             the
             Soil
             rich
             and
             fertile
             ,
             so
             that
             it
             affords
             great
             store
             of
             Plums
             ,
             Pears
             ,
             Figs
             ,
             Cherries
             ,
             Apples
             of
             sundry
             Kinds
             ,
             Oyl
             ,
             Honey
             ,
             Sugar
             ,
             and
             some
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             ,
             called
             
               Barbary
               Gold
            
             ,
             being
             the
             finest
             of
             all
             other
             :
             And
             Pliny
             reports
             that
             near
             Leptis
             we
             may
             behold
             a
             Date
             Tree
             over-shadowing
             an
             Olive
             ,
             and
             under
             the
             Olive
             a
             Fig-Tree
             ,
             and
             under
             the
             Fig
             ,
             a
             Pomegranate-Tree
             ,
             and
             under
             that
             a
             Vine
             ,
             and
             under
             the
             the
             Vine
             ,
             Pease
             or
             Corn
             ,
             &c.
             all
             Flourishing
             at
             the
             same
             time
             ,
             and
             this
             they
             do
             the
             rather
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             shelter
             each
             other
             from
             the
             heat
             of
             the
             Sun.
             
          
           
           
             The
             People
             are
             of
             a
             Dusky
             Colour
             ,
             inclining
             to
             Blackness
             ,
             held
             to
             Descend
             from
             the
             Arabians
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             Language
             they
             Speak
             in
             most
             parts
             is
             the
             Arabick
             ,
             or
             so
             bordering
             upon
             it
             that
             it
             may
             be
             easily
             understood
             ,
             and
             are
             Impatient
             of
             Labour
             ,
             Covetous
             of
             Honour
             ,
             Crafty
             and
             Deceitful
             ,
             yet
             studious
             in
             matters
             of
             their
             Law
             ,
             and
             some
             Sciences
             ,
             more
             especially
             Philosophy
             and
             the
             Mathematicks
             ,
             and
             are
             in
             Religion
             generally
             Mahometans
             ;
             they
             are
             also
             stately
             of
             Gate
             ,
             exceeding
             Mistrustful
             ,
             Implacable
             in
             their
             Hatred
             ,
             and
             Jealous
             beyond
             compare
             ;
             for
             the
             Women
             indeed
             are
             comely
             of
             Body
             ,
             well
             Featured
             ,
             delicate
             ,
             soft
             Skinn'd
             ,
             and
             want
             nothing
             but
             Colour
             to
             make
             them
             Accomplish'd
             Beauties
             ;
             nor
             has
             this
             Country
             failed
             to
             produce
             Persons
             ,
             not
             only
             Famous
             for
             Arts
             and
             Arms
             ,
             but
             for
             Piety
             and
             Learning
             ,
             as
             ,
             
               Amilcar
               ,
               Hannibal
               ,
               Septimus
               Severus
               ,
               Massinissa
               ,
               Tertullian
               ,
               Cyprian
               ,
               Arnobius
               ,
               Lactantius
               ,
               Augustine
               ,
            
             and
             others
             of
             no
             less
             Note
             ;
             and
             here
             once
             Ruled
             Queen
             Dido
             in
             the
             Famous
             City
             of
             Carthage
             ,
             which
             City
             so
             long
             and
             strongly
             contended
             with
             Rome
             for
             the
             Empire
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             but
             at
             last
             was
             destroyed
             through
             the
             Importunity
             of
             Cato
             ,
             at
             which
             time
             there
             was
             found
             in
             it
             (
             notwithstanding
             the
             charge
             of
             a
             tedious
             War
             )
             470000
             pound
             weight
             of
             Silver
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             whole
             Country
             ,
             called
             Barbar
             ,
             it
             was
             Divided
             into
             7
             Parts
             ,
             
               viz.
               Africa
               Propria
            
             ,
             called
             also
             
               Zugitania
               ,
               Byzantena
               ,
               Tripolitana
               ,
               Numidia
               ,
               Mauritania
               ,
               Caesariensis
               ,
               Sitisensis
               ,
            
             and
             T●●gitania
             ,
             under
             diverse
             Kings
             and
             Governours
             ,
             who
             then
             held
             it
             as
             Tributaries
             to
             the
             Roman
             Emperors
             ,
             but
             since
             reduced
             to
             four
             Divisions
             ,
             
               viz.
               Tunis
               ,
               Tremesen
            
             or
             
               Algiers
               ,
               Fesso
            
             ,
             and
             Morocco
             ;
             and
             of
             these
             in
             their
             order
             .
          
           
             TVNIS
             is
             accounted
             a
             Kingdom
             ,
             containing
             whatever
             the
             Antients
             called
             
               Africa
               Propria
            
             ,
             or
             Minor
             ,
             and
             
               Numidia
               Antiqua
            
             ,
             the
             Air
             very
             Temperate
             ,
             
             considering
             the
             degree
             it
             lyes
             in
             ;
             the
             Soil
             very
             Fruitful
             ,
             divided
             again
             into
             5
             parts
             ,
             
               viz.
               Bugia
               ,
               Constantia
               ,
               Tunis
               ,
               Tripoley
            
             and
             Ezab
             ,
             accommodated
             with
             many
             curious
             Havens
             ,
             the
             chief
             being
             Tripoley
             ,
             where
             the
             Turkish
             Bassa
             resides
             ;
             and
             Tunis
             a
             considerable
             City
             giving
             Name
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             supposed
             to
             be
             founded
             on
             the
             ruins
             of
             the
             Antient
             Carthage
             ;
             and
             hath
             in
             it
             a
             Temple
             of
             singular
             Beauty
             and
             Greatness
             .
          
           
             TREMESEN
             ,
             or
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Algiers
             ,
             commonly
             called
             Argie
             ,
             now
             in
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             Piratical
             Turks
             ;
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             City
             Algiers
             ,
             from
             which
             the
             Country
             takes
             its
             name
             ,
             Scituate
             near
             the
             Sea
             in
             the
             form
             of
             a
             Triangle
             with
             a
             Haven
             ,
             but
             neither
             great
             nor
             secure
             from
             the
             fury
             of
             the
             North
             Winds
             ;
             though
             the
             City
             is
             strong
             and
             beautiful
             ,
             having
             not
             only
             in
             it
             spacious
             Inns
             ,
             but
             Baths
             ,
             and
             Mosques
             ,
             very
             commodious
             and
             sumptuous
             ;
             and
             here
             every
             Trade
             takes
             a
             Street
             to
             themselves
             ;
             the
             Streets
             standing
             even
             one
             above
             another
             ,
             upon
             the
             rising
             of
             the
             Hill
             ;
             which
             renders
             it
             a
             very
             pleasant
             prospect
             ,
             to
             such
             as
             sail
             by
             it
             ,
             and
             the
             Harbour
             or
             Mole
             defended
             with
             strong
             Castles
             ,
             and
             other
             works
             ,
             which
             render
             the
             Approach
             inaccessible
             and
             was
             formerly
             a
             place
             to
             which
             Merchants
             traded
             ;
             but
             now
             only
             a
             nest
             of
             Pirates
             ,
             studying
             and
             striving
             all
             they
             can
             ,
             to
             endamage
             and
             molest
             ,
             such
             as
             sail
             those
             Straits
             or
             Seas
             ;
             and
             though
             they
             have
             been
             often
             curbed
             by
             the
             
               English
               ,
               French
            
             ,
             and
             
               Dutch
               ,
               &c.
            
             and
             brought
             to
             terms
             of
             Peace
             ;
             yet
             like
             thorow
             paced
             Thieves
             ,
             they
             never
             kept
             it
             longer
             than
             they
             found
             an
             opportunity
             ,
             to
             break
             it
             to
             their
             advantage
             ;
             and
             were
             in
             the
             year
             1688
             ;
             so
             resolute
             when
             the
             French
             Fleet
             lay
             before
             it
             ,
             and
             had
             with
             their
             Bombs
             fired
             the
             Town
             about
             their
             Ears
             ,
             not
             only
             to
             reject
             the
             offer
             made
             ,
             but
             in
             contempt
             to
             that
             puissant
             Monarch
             ,
             to
             shoot
             his
             Consul
             out
             of
             a
             Mortar
             ,
             or
             piece
             of
             Cannon
             towards
             
             the
             French
             Ships
             in
             the
             Road
             ,
             &c.
             
             As
             for
             the
             Upland
             Country
             ,
             it
             has
             many
             pleasant
             Towns
             and
             Villages
             in
             it
             ,
             abounding
             with
             Gardens
             ,
             Vineyards
             ,
             Pastures
             ,
             Cattle
             ,
             Corn-Fields
             ,
             and
             Fruits
             of
             sundry
             kinds
             .
          
           
             FEZ
             and
             MOROCCO
             ,
             are
             now
             joyned
             under
             one
             King
             ,
             who
             fondly
             stiles
             himself
             Emperor
             ;
             and
             contain
             the
             whole
             Country
             of
             Mauritania
             ,
             properly
             so
             called
             ,
             which
             took
             its
             name
             from
             the
             Mauri
             ,
             a
             people
             that
             Antiently
             Inhabited
             it
             ;
             and
             the
             first
             of
             these
             has
             Fez
             for
             its
             chief
             City
             ,
             giving
             name
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             ;
             and
             here
             was
             scituate
             the
             City
             of
             Tangier
             ,
             lately
             demolished
             by
             the
             English
             ,
             as
             not
             worth
             the
             keeping
             ;
             nor
             is
             the
             Country
             wanting
             in
             large
             Forrests
             ,
             Green
             Fields
             ,
             Vineyards
             ,
             flourishing
             Gardens
             ,
             abounding
             with
             Fruits
             ,
             and
             producing
             an
             infinite
             number
             of
             Cattle
             ,
             a
             breed
             of
             excellent
             Horses
             ,
             and
             the
             Mountains
             many
             wild
             Beasts
             ,
             watered
             with
             the
             Rivers
             Buringrug
             and
             Inavis
             for
             the
             space
             of
             100
             Miles
             .
          
           
             MOROCCO
             is
             Scituate
             in
             a
             warm
             breathing
             Air
             ,
             which
             renders
             the
             Country
             very
             fertile
             ;
             so
             that
             it
             abounds
             with
             Figs
             ,
             Dates
             ,
             Grapes
             ,
             Apples
             ,
             Olives
             ,
             Honey
             ,
             Sugar
             ,
             and
             Cattle
             ;
             the
             whole
             Country
             being
             divided
             into
             7
             parts
             ,
             
               viz.
               Guzzula
               ,
               Morocco
               ,
               Hea
               ,
               Duccala
               ,
               Hascorasus
            
             and
             Tedles
             ,
             all
             holding
             under
             the
             King
             of
             Morocco
             ,
             and
             paying
             him
             Tribute
             ,
             his
             Power
             being
             Absolute
             and
             Tyrannical
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             he
             causes
             whom
             he
             pleases
             to
             be
             put
             to
             Death
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             cast
             to
             the
             Lyons
             ,
             or
             other
             wild
             Beasts
             ,
             to
             make
             him
             sport
             ;
             nor
             can
             any
             of
             his
             Subjects
             ,
             account
             what
             he
             has
             his
             own
             ;
             as
             for
             the
             Profession
             of
             Religion
             these
             people
             make
             ,
             it
             is
             Mahometism
             ,
             though
             there
             are
             a
             great
             many
             Jews
             ,
             and
             some
             Christians
             ,
             living
             amongst
             them
             ;
             as
             for
             Rivers
             there
             are
             not
             many
             in
             this
             Country
             ,
             the
             Land
             being
             watered
             mostly
             by
             Brooks
             ,
             and
             little
             
             Springs
             ;
             nor
             do
             they
             know
             in
             most
             parts
             what
             Winter
             means
             as
             never
             having
             seen
             Ice
             or
             Snow
             ,
             but
             what
             hangs
             on
             the
             Top
             of
             the
             Atlas
             a
             huge
             Mountain
             ,
             held
             to
             Transcend
             the
             Clouds
             ;
             the
             top
             of
             it
             Crowned
             with
             Pines
             ,
             and
             so
             steep
             and
             rugged
             ,
             that
             it
             cannot
             but
             with
             great
             difficulty
             be
             ascended
             ;
             lying
             in
             the
             upper
             part
             ,
             so
             near
             the
             Cold
             Region
             ;
             that
             not
             withstanding
             the
             people
             beneath
             fry
             with
             the
             scorching
             heat
             of
             the
             Sun
             ;
             it
             is
             covered
             with
             Snow
             and
             Ice
             :
             of
             which
             Virgil
             thus
             writes
             .
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       Atlantis
                       Cinctum
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       Atlas
                       whose
                       Piny
                       Head
                       ,
                       with
                       Clowds
                       Inclosed
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Is
                       to
                       the
                       Storms
                       of
                       Wind
                       ,
                       and
                       Rain
                       exposed
                       ;
                    
                     
                       Now
                       hides
                       the
                       Snow
                       his
                       Arms
                       ,
                       now
                       tumbleth
                       down
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Upon
                       his
                       Chinn
                       ,
                       his
                       Beard
                       with
                       Ice
                       o'regrown
                       .
                    
                  
                
              
            
          
        
         
           
             Lybia
             Interior
             Described
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               LYBIA
               INTERIOR
            
             ,
             has
             for
             its
             Northern
             bound
             
               Mount
               Atlas
            
             ,
             parted
             by
             it
             from
             Barbary
             and
             Cyrenaica
             on
             the
             East
             ;
             
               Lybia
               Marmarica
            
             on
             the
             South
             ;
             
               Aethiopia
               Inferior
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Land
             of
             Negro's
             and
             bounded
             with
             the
             
               Atlantick
               Ocean
            
             on
             the
             West
             distinguished
             from
             the
             other
             Lybia
             by
             interior
             ,
             as
             lying
             more
             in
             the
             main
             Land
             of
             Africk
             .
          
           
           
             This
             Countrey
             ,
             however
             it
             anciently
             was
             distinguished
             into
             parts
             ,
             stands
             now
             divided
             into
             Biledugerid
             or
             
               Numidia
               ;
               Lybia
               Deserta
            
             ,
             or
             Sarra
             ,
             and
             a
             considerable
             Portion
             of
             the
             Countrey
             called
             
               Terra
               Negritarum
            
             ,
             or
             the
             
               Negro's
               Countrey
            
             ;
             and
             as
             for
             Numidia
             ,
             it
             abounds
             in
             many
             places
             with
             Cattle
             ,
             Palm
             Trees
             ,
             and
             Forrests
             of
             Wild
             Beasts
             ,
             not
             more
             Salvage
             than
             the
             People
             ,
             who
             live
             for
             the
             most
             part
             by
             Rapine
             and
             Murther
             ,
             inhospitable
             to
             Strangers
             ,
             neglecting
             Tillage
             ,
             and
             giving
             themselves
             up
             chiefly
             to
             the
             feeding
             of
             Cattle
             upon
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             Carrying
             like
             the
             Tartars
             their
             Families
             and
             Tents
             ,
             with
             other
             Provisions
             from
             place
             to
             place
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             scarceness
             of
             Water
             ;
             for
             where
             this
             day
             a
             Spring
             is
             found
             ,
             the
             next
             it
             may
             perhaps
             be
             sunk
             again
             ;
             yet
             near
             the
             River
             Dara
             ,
             and
             in
             some
             other
             parts
             ,
             the
             Countrey
             people
             have
             scattered
             Villages
             ,
             and
             those
             of
             better
             Rank
             Castles
             .
             As
             for
             the
             Towns
             we
             find
             of
             Note
             ,
             they
             are
             or
             were
             
               Timugedit
               ,
               Tafiletae
               ;
               Talfet
            
             ,
             a
             Town
             of
             400
             Houses
             ,
             but
             no
             place
             considerable
             near
             it
             in
             300
             Miles
             :
             Techort
             ,
             where
             inhabit
             the
             most
             Courteous
             People
             of
             all
             the
             Countrey
             ,
             and
             chose
             rather
             to
             Marry
             their
             Daughters
             to
             Strangers
             than
             to
             Natives
             ,
             with
             some
             other
             of
             lesser
             note
             ,
             not
             worth
             mention
             ,
             as
             being
             exceeded
             by
             most
             of
             our
             Countrey
             Villages
             .
          
           
             
               LYBIA
               DESERTA
            
             ,
             is
             a
             place
             so
             destitute
             and
             poor
             ,
             by
             reason
             it
             mostly
             consists
             of
             wide
             Desarts
             ,
             and
             barren
             Sands
             ,
             breeding
             numbers
             of
             Poisonous
             Serpents
             ,
             that
             few
             People
             Inhabit
             it
             ,
             unless
             Thieves
             and
             Robbers
             ,
             who
             live
             upon
             the
             Spoil
             of
             those
             that
             attempt
             to
             pass
             them
             ;
             yet
             near
             the
             Borders
             ,
             where
             there
             is
             any
             Green
             ,
             they
             have
             some
             petty
             Towns
             ,
             such
             as
             go
             for
             Cities
             in
             those
             Parts
             ,
             as
             Tagaza
             ,
             20
             Days
             Journey
             from
             any
             other
             Peopled
             Place
             ,
             yet
             affords
             Veins
             of
             Salt
             ,
             which
             they
             Exchange
             for
             Victuals
             with
             the
             Tombutan
             Merchants
             ,
             or
             else
             must
             Perish
             for
             want
             ,
             and
             are
             many
             times
             
             over-whelm'd
             with
             the
             Sands
             ,
             driven
             like
             Clouds
             upon
             them
             by
             the
             South
             Wind
             ;
             Guargata
             ,
             Scituate
             on
             the
             Brink
             of
             a
             Lake
             ;
             Huaden
             ,
             and
             Tomburaum
             ;
             nor
             was
             this
             Country
             ever
             fought
             after
             by
             the
             great
             Conquerors
             ,
             as
             not
             being
             worth
             their
             Travel
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             TERR-ANIGRITARUM
             ,
             or
             the
             Land
             of
             Negroes
             ,
             is
             partly
             in
             
               Libya
               Interior
            
             ,
             and
             partly
             without
             it
             ,
             and
             is
             exceeding
             Hot
             ,
             by
             Reason
             of
             its
             Scituation
             under
             the
             
               Torrid
               Zone
            
             ,
             yet
             full
             of
             Black
             People
             ;
             and
             though
             a
             great
             part
             of
             it
             be
             Desart
             ,
             yet
             some
             places
             by
             the
             favour
             of
             Springs
             are
             so
             well
             knit
             and
             fastened
             ,
             that
             they
             appear
             Green
             and
             Flourishing
             ,
             and
             especially
             those
             that
             lye
             within
             the
             compass
             of
             the
             over-flowing
             of
             the
             River
             Niger
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             they
             have
             Pleasant
             Gardens
             ,
             Pastures
             ,
             Corn
             Fields
             ,
             and
             store
             of
             Cattle
             ,
             Woods
             full
             of
             Elephants
             ,
             and
             other
             wild
             Beasts
             ,
             whose
             Flesh
             they
             Eat
             ,
             when
             taken
             by
             Hunting
             ,
             and
             Clothe
             themselves
             with
             their
             Skins
             ,
             but
             have
             very
             few
             Fruit-Trees
             ,
             unless
             such
             as
             bear
             a
             kind
             of
             a
             Fruit
             like
             a
             Chesnut
             ,
             very
             bitter
             ,
             nor
             have
             they
             ,
             unless
             very
             rarely
             ,
             any
             Rain
             in
             this
             Country
             ,
             but
             are
             supply'd
             ,
             like
             Egypt
             ,
             by
             Dews
             ,
             and
             the
             over-flowing
             of
             Niger
             .
          
           
             The
             People
             of
             this
             Tract
             were
             so
             simple
             ,
             that
             at
             the
             first
             coming
             of
             the
             Portugals
             hither
             to
             trade
             ,
             they
             took
             their
             Ships
             to
             be
             great
             Birds
             ,
             with
             white
             Wings
             ,
             and
             the
             Roaring
             of
             their
             Guns
             to
             be
             the
             Voice
             of
             the
             Devil
             ;
             nor
             could
             they
             conceit
             their
             Bag-pipes
             to
             be
             any
             thing
             but
             Living
             Creatures
             ,
             and
             when
             they
             were
             permitted
             to
             convince
             themselves
             of
             the
             contrary
             ,
             they
             would
             not
             yet
             be
             beaten
             out
             of
             it
             ,
             but
             that
             they
             were
             Immediately
             the
             Work
             of
             God's
             own
             Hands
             ;
             yet
             are
             they
             very
             Reverent
             or
             Respectful
             to
             their
             King
             ,
             who
             exceeds
             not
             in
             Manners
             ,
             or
             Breeding
             one
             of
             our
             Coblers
             ,
             never
             daring
             when
             they
             come
             before
             him
             
             to
             look
             in
             his
             Face
             ,
             but
             cast
             their
             Eyes
             downward
             ,
             and
             when
             they
             sit
             ,
             though
             the
             chiefest
             of
             his
             Favourites
             ,
             it
             is
             at
             his
             Feet
             ,
             Flat
             on
             their
             Buttocks
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             Religion
             (
             if
             it
             may
             be
             so
             termed
             )
             of
             these
             Negroes
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             mixture
             of
             Idolatry
             and
             Mahometism
             ,
             though
             formerly
             ,
             as
             appears
             by
             some
             footsteps
             yet
             left
             ,
             Christianity
             was
             predominant
             in
             divers
             parts
             of
             the
             Land
             ;
             and
             through
             this
             Countrey
             the
             River
             Nilus
             passes
             ,
             and
             't
             is
             Watered
             likewise
             with
             Senaga
             ,
             a
             River
             arising
             out
             of
             the
             Lake
             Guaga
             ,
             little
             inferior
             to
             the
             former
             ,
             and
             has
             divers
             Mountains
             ,
             as
             
               Arualtes
               ,
               Arangus
            
             ,
             and
             
               Deorum
               Currus
            
             ,
             thrusting
             into
             the
             Sea
             ,
             and
             reaching
             in
             a
             manner
             the
             Clouds
             .
          
           
             The
             chief
             Cities
             of
             this
             Countrey
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Ptolomy
             ,
             were
             
               Nigra
               ,
               Thumondacana
               ,
               Malachath
               ,
               Seleuce
               ,
               An●gath
               ,
               Panagra
               ,
            
             with
             some
             few
             of
             lesser
             note
             ,
             but
             most
             of
             them
             are
             ruined
             ,
             and
             scarce
             any
             thing
             but
             their
             names
             remaining
             ;
             however
             there
             are
             some
             crept
             up
             in
             their
             steads
             ,
             but
             those
             not
             many
             ,
             as
             
               Argina
               ,
               Porto
               Dio
               Porto
               del
               Riscato
               ,
            
             either
             built
             or
             so
             named
             by
             the
             Portugals
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             Tract
             (
             for
             it
             is
             a
             very
             large
             one
             ,
             taking
             up
             above
             a
             third
             part
             of
             Africk
             )
             are
             Guinea
             ,
             extended
             from
             
               Sierra
               Leona
            
             in
             the
             10th
             Degree
             of
             Longitude
             ,
             to
             Benin
             in
             the
             30th
             .
             where
             they
             have
             the
             Juice
             of
             a
             Tree
             as
             strong
             as
             Wine
             ,
             as
             also
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             :
             A
             place
             very
             Fruitful
             ,
             and
             much
             abounding
             in
             Rice
             ,
             Barley
             ,
             Ivory
             ,
             and
             Guinea
             Pepper
             .
          
           
             TOMBVTVM
             ,
             a
             Kingdom
             of
             it self
             ,
             very
             Rich
             in
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             ,
             yet
             a
             greater
             store
             is
             gained
             by
             his
             Warring
             on
             his
             Neighbours
             ;
             as
             also
             
               Mell
               ,
               Can●
               ,
               Gialosia
               ,
               Guber
               ,
               Gua●gara
               ,
               Gaoga
               ,
               Gambra
            
             or
             
               G●mbea
               ,
               Gialosi
               ,
               Bito
               ,
               Temiano
               ,
               Zegzeg
               ,
               Zaffara
               ,
               Gethan
               ,
               Medna
               ,
               Daum
               ,
               Gualta
               ,
               Agadez
               ,
               Cano
               ,
               Cas●n●
               ,
               Savaga
               ,
            
             most
             of
             them
             Petty
             Princes
             ,
             not
             of
             any
             considerable
             Note
             .
          
           
           
             BORNVM
             ,
             a
             large
             and
             populous
             Countrey
             ,
             accounted
             500
             Miles
             in
             Length
             ,
             yet
             mostly
             Inhabited
             by
             keepers
             of
             Cattle
             that
             abound
             here
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             abundance
             of
             Pastures
             ;
             and
             here
             they
             use
             no
             Marriage
             ,
             but
             mix
             together
             as
             they
             think
             convenient
             ,
             giving
             their
             Children
             Names
             by
             some
             mark
             or
             token
             of
             their
             Body
             ;
             however
             the
             Kings
             Revenues
             are
             great
             ,
             his
             very
             Dogs
             being
             coupled
             in
             Chains
             of
             Gold.
             
          
           
             BENIN
             ,
             Eastward
             of
             Guinea
             ;
             the
             King
             whereof
             hath
             600
             Wives
             ,
             with
             whom
             he
             Marches
             in
             State
             Twice
             a
             Year
             to
             show
             them
             to
             Strangers
             ,
             and
             the
             Subjects
             following
             the
             Example
             of
             their
             Prince
             ,
             get
             as
             many
             as
             they
             can
             ,
             few
             having
             less
             than
             Ten
             ,
             and
             here
             the
             Men
             and
             Women
             go
             naked
             till
             they
             are
             Married
             ,
             and
             then
             have
             only
             a
             Covering
             from
             the
             Waste
             downward
             ,
             Superstitiously
             raising
             the
             Skin
             with
             three
             slashes
             of
             a
             Knife
             ,
             from
             the
             Navel
             to
             the
             Privy
             Parts
             ,
             as
             a
             mark
             of
             their
             hopes
             of
             Salvation
             .
          
           
             NVBIA
             ,
             a
             considerable
             Countrey
             ,
             stretching
             from
             Gaoga
             to
             Nilus
             ,
             has
             Dangula
             for
             its
             chief
             Town
             and
             some
             other
             of
             lesser
             note
             ,
             and
             affords
             ,
             amongst
             other
             Drugs
             the
             mortalest
             of
             Poysons
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             the
             tenth
             part
             of
             a
             Grain
             will
             dispatch
             a
             Man
             in
             a
             quarter
             of
             an
             hour
             ;
             and
             affords
             moreover
             Civit
             ,
             Sugar
             ,
             Sanders
             ,
             Ivory
             ,
             &c.
             
             The
             Kingdom
             taking
             its
             Name
             from
             the
             Nubiaea
             ,
             a
             certain
             people
             that
             inhabit
             it
             ,
             and
             is
             well
             refreshed
             with
             Rivers
             and
             Lakes
             ,
             and
             the
             people
             were
             generally
             Christians
             ,
             a
             strong
             and
             potent
             Nation
             ,
             well
             Skill'd
             in
             War
             ,
             in
             so
             much
             that
             Cyriacus
             one
             of
             their
             Kings
             ,
             hearing
             the
             Christians
             were
             oppressed
             in
             Egypt
             ,
             raised
             an
             Army
             of
             100000
             Horse
             to
             succour
             them
             ,
             but
             being
             about
             to
             enter
             that
             Kingdom
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             Terrour
             of
             the
             Turks
             and
             Sarazens
             ,
             he
             was
             met
             by
             the
             Patriarch
             of
             Alexandria
             ,
             at
             whose
             Supplication
             and
             Entrcaty
             he
             returned
             ,
             without
             enterprizing
             any
             
             thing
             Memorable
             ,
             nor
             has
             it
             been
             long
             since
             they
             ,
             for
             want
             of
             Spiritual
             Guides
             to
             strengthen
             and
             confirm
             them
             ,
             have
             faln
             off
             from
             the
             Christian
             Faith
             ,
             and
             embraced
             the
             Superstitions
             of
             Mahomet
             .
          
        
         
           
             Aethiopia
             Superior
             described
             in
             its
             Kingdoms
             and
             Provinces
             .
          
           
             
               AETHIOPIA
               SVPERIOR
            
             has
             on
             the
             East
             
               Sinus
               Barbaricus
            
             ,
             and
             the
             
               Red
               Sea
            
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             ,
             
               Lybia
               Interior
            
             and
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Nubia
             ;
             and
             part
             of
             Congo
             in
             the
             other
             Aethiopia
             on
             the
             North
             ;
             Egypt
             and
             
               Lybia
               Marmarica
            
             on
             the
             South
             ;
             the
             Mountains
             of
             the
             Moon
             parting
             it
             from
             
               Aethiopia
               Inferiour
            
             ,
             and
             had
             its
             present
             name
             from
             the
             Grecians
             ,
             and
             is
             scituate
             on
             both
             sides
             the
             Equinoctial
             ,
             extending
             from
             the
             South
             Parrallel
             of
             7
             Degrees
             to
             the
             North
             end
             of
             the
             Isle
             Meroe
             ,
             scituate
             under
             the
             Fifth
             Parallel
             on
             the
             North
             of
             that
             Circle
             ,
             being
             accounted
             in
             length
             about
             1500
             Miles
             ,
             and
             in
             breadth
             about
             half
             as
             much
             ,
             in
             Circumference
             4300
             Miles
             ;
             containing
             the
             whole
             Countrey
             of
             Aethiopia
             ,
             as
             before
             limited
             ;
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             it
             being
             the
             
               Abyssine
               Empire
            
             or
             Dominion
             of
             
               Prestor
               John
            
             ;
             the
             rest
             comprehending
             the
             Kingdoms
             of
             Adel
             and
             Adea
             ,
             the
             Provinces
             Quiola
             and
             Melindi
             ,
             though
             the
             last
             are
             reckoned
             parts
             of
             
               Aethiopia
               Inferior
            
             ;
             the
             Island
             of
             Meroe
             in
             the
             North
             possessed
             by
             Mahometans
             Enemies
             to
             
               Prestor
               John
            
             ,
             all
             on
             the
             South
             of
             Nubia
             and
             the
             West
             of
             Nilus
             ,
             is
             Inhabited
             by
             the
             Anzichi
             ,
             a
             Cannibal
             and
             Idolatrous
             People
             ,
             who
             have
             a
             King
             of
             their
             own
             ;
             and
             all
             the
             Coast
             of
             the
             
               Red
               Sea
            
             ,
             as
             well
             within
             the
             Coast
             of
             Babel-mandel
             ,
             the
             Port
             of
             Erocco
             only
             excepted
             ,
             is
             in
             the
             Possession
             of
             Moors
             and
             Arabians
             ,
             who
             pay
             Homage
             to
             the
             Kings
             of
             Adel
             and
             Adea
             .
          
           
           
             As
             for
             the
             People
             of
             Aethiopia
             ,
             properly
             so
             called
             ,
             they
             were
             formerly
             held
             to
             be
             great
             Astrologers
             ,
             the
             first
             Ordainers
             of
             Sacred
             Ceremonies
             ,
             from
             whom
             the
             Egyptians
             had
             their
             Instructions
             ,
             always
             counted
             good
             Archers
             ,
             yet
             Treacherously
             shooting
             with
             Poisoned
             Arrows
             ;
             they
             go
             ill
             Cloathed
             ,
             and
             as
             bad
             Housed
             ,
             for
             the
             most
             part
             extreamly
             inclined
             to
             Barbarisin
             ,
             and
             unless
             they
             Swear
             by
             the
             Life
             of
             their
             Emperor
             ,
             not
             to
             be
             credited
             in
             matters
             of
             Weight
             ;
             their
             Colour
             is
             an
             Olive
             Tawny
             ,
             inclining
             more
             to
             Swarthiness
             ,
             except
             their
             Emperor
             ,
             who
             as
             a
             mark
             of
             the
             true
             Prince
             ,
             and
             are
             held
             to
             be
             Converted
             to
             the
             Christian
             Faith
             ,
             by
             the
             Eunuch
             of
             Queen
             Candace
             ,
             Converted
             by
             St.
             Philip
             the
             Evangelist
             ,
             which
             Flourishes
             amongst
             them
             to
             this
             day
             ,
             and
             comes
             very
             near
             in
             all
             the
             Material
             Points
             ,
             to
             the
             Orthodox
             Religion
             of
             the
             Reformed
             European
             Church
             ,
             &c.
             and
             are
             under
             a
             Patriarch
             .
          
           
             The
             Country
             of
             the
             Aethiops
             ,
             is
             like
             all
             other
             Countries
             in
             this
             Tract
             ,
             Fruitful
             in
             some
             Places
             ,
             and
             Barren
             in
             others
             ,
             yet
             it
             generally
             abounds
             in
             Rice
             ,
             Barley
             ,
             Beans
             ,
             Pease
             ,
             Sugars
             ,
             Minerals
             of
             all
             kinds
             ,
             Cattle
             ,
             viz.
             Goats
             ,
             Oxen
             ,
             Sheep
             ,
             Horses
             ;
             and
             have
             great
             store
             of
             Flax
             and
             Vines
             ,
             yet
             make
             neither
             Cloth
             nor
             Wine
             ,
             unless
             peculiarly
             for
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             Patriarch
             ,
             or
             great
             Men
             ,
             being
             much
             given
             to
             Sloth
             ;
             nor
             do
             they
             indeed
             know
             how
             to
             bring
             their
             Minerals
             to
             Perfection
             ,
             nor
             will
             they
             trouble
             themselves
             to
             Fish
             or
             Hunt
             ,
             tho'
             the
             Woods
             and
             Rivers
             are
             infinitely
             stored
             with
             Fish
             and
             Venison
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             Provinces
             comprehended
             at
             this
             time
             within
             the
             bounds
             or
             limits
             of
             Aethiopia
             ,
             they
             are
             ,
             
               Guagere
               ,
               Tigremaon
               ,
               Angote
               ,
               Damut
               ,
               Amma
               ,
               Bagamedrum
               ,
               Goijami
               ,
               Adel
               ,
               Adea
               ,
               Barnagassum
               ,
               Danculi
               ,
               D●bas
               ,
               Fatigar
               ,
               Xoa
               ,
            
             and
             Barus
             ;
             though
             not
             all
             ,
             as
             I
             intimated
             within
             the
             Circuit
             of
             the
             Abassine
             
             Empire
             ;
             and
             of
             Note
             amongst
             these
             are
             ,
             viz.
             
          
           
             BARNAGOSVM
             Scituate
             upon
             the
             Red
             Sea
             ,
             extending
             from
             Suachen
             ,
             almost
             to
             the
             Mou●●
             of
             the
             Streights
             ,
             and
             hath
             for
             its
             Sea
             Port
             Frooco
             ,
             the
             only
             Port
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             held
             Tributary
             from
             the
             Turks
             ,
             who
             sometimes
             since
             took
             it
             from
             the
             Aethiopians
             ,
             with
             the
             Town
             of
             Suachen
             ,
             for
             which
             they
             pay
             yearly
             1000
             ounces
             of
             Gold.
             
          
           
             TIGRAMAON
             ,
             lying
             between
             
               Nilus
               ,
               Marabo
            
             and
             Angote
             ,
             is
             a
             pleasant
             Kingdom
             ,
             though
             of
             no
             great
             extent
             ,
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             City
             Cazunia
             ,
             supposed
             to
             be
             the
             Regal
             Seat
             of
             Queen
             Candace
             ,
             whose
             Enuch
             St.
             Philip
             Baptized
             .
          
           
             ANGOTE
             is
             a
             Province
             considerably
             Barren
             ,
             lying
             between
             Tigramaon
             and
             Amare
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             being
             deficient
             of
             Gold
             or
             Silver
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             valuable
             Commodities
             ,
             Iron
             ,
             Plate
             ,
             or
             Rings
             ,
             and
             hard
             Loaves
             of
             Salt
             ,
             made
             to
             sundry
             degrees
             of
             bigness
             ,
             pass
             as
             Current
             .
          
           
             XOA
             is
             more
             Fertile
             than
             the
             former
             ,
             as
             having
             many
             green
             Pastures
             ,
             where
             a
             great
             Number
             of
             Cattle
             Feed
             ,
             as
             likewise
             abounding
             with
             Fruits
             ,
             and
             is
             almost
             in
             all
             parts
             Grateful
             to
             the
             Husbandman
             .
          
           
             FATIGAR
             is
             noted
             for
             having
             in
             it
             a
             Lake
             of
             that
             Name
             12
             Miles
             in
             compass
             ,
             being
             on
             the
             Top
             of
             a
             high
             Mountain
             ,
             from
             whence
             divers
             Rivers
             ,
             well
             stored
             with
             Fish
             ,
             descend
             to
             water
             the
             Country
             .
          
           
             GOIJAMI
             is
             famed
             for
             the
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             found
             ,
             as
             also
             for
             the
             Unicorn
             ,
             who
             makes
             his
             abode
             in
             the
             Hills
             of
             the
             Moon
             ,
             large
             Mountains
             so
             called
             ,
             because
             the
             Moon
             upon
             her
             rising
             ,
             appears
             first
             from
             behind
             them
             to
             that
             Country
             ;
             and
             although
             the
             Beasts
             are
             rarely
             taken
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             Swiftness
             ,
             yet
             their
             Horns
             ,
             so
             famous
             for
             expelling
             Poison
             are
             
             found
             ,
             which
             at
             a
             certain
             Period
             of
             Time
             they
             shed
             .
          
           
             GVGERA
             ,
             otherways
             Meroe
             ,
             is
             an
             Island
             of
             which
             we
             intend
             to
             speak
             hereafter
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             Country
             is
             found
             the
             Hill
             Amara
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             Days
             Journey
             to
             ascend
             ,
             and
             30
             Miles
             in
             compass
             ,
             in
             Form
             round
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             top
             of
             it
             are
             sundry
             pleasant
             Plains
             and
             Pallaces
             ,
             the
             Air
             being
             much
             cooler
             than
             that
             beneath
             ,
             and
             here
             the
             Princes
             of
             the
             Blood
             dwell
             .
             As
             for
             the
             Emperors
             Stile
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             strangeness
             of
             it
             ,
             we
             think
             fit
             to
             insert
             it
             ,
             viz.
             
          
           
             
               P.
               I.
            
             Supream
             of
             his
             Kingdoms
             ,
             and
             the
             Beloved
             of
             God
             ,
             the
             Pillar
             of
             Faith
             ,
             sprung
             from
             the
             Stock
             of
             Judah
             ,
             the
             Son
             of
             David
             ,
             the
             Son
             of
             Solomon
             ,
             the
             Son
             of
             the
             Column
             of
             Sion
             ,
             the
             Son
             of
             the
             Seed
             of
             Jacob
             ,
             and
             the
             Son
             of
             the
             Hand-maid
             of
             Mary
             ,
             the
             Son
             of
             Nahu
             ,
             after
             the
             Flesh
             ,
             the
             Son
             of
             St.
             Peter
             ,
             and
             St.
             Paul
             ,
             after
             the
             Spirit
             ,
             Emperor
             of
             the
             higher
             and
             lesser
             Aethiopia
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             most
             mighty
             Kingdoms
             ,
             Dominions
             ,
             and
             Countries
             of
             
               Xoa
               ,
               Goa
               ,
               Caffares
               ,
               Fatigar
               ,
               Angote
               ,
               Balignazo
               ,
               Adea
               ,
               Vangue
               ,
               Goijami
               ,
            
             (
             where
             are
             the
             Fountains
             of
             
               Nile
               )
               Amara
               ,
               Banguamedron
               ,
               Ambea
               ,
               Vangucum
               ,
               Tigremean
               ,
               Sabaim
               ,
            
             (
             the
             Birth-place
             of
             the
             Queen
             of
             
               Saba
               )
               Barnagosum
            
             ;
             and
             Lord
             of
             all
             the
             Region
             unto
             the
             Confines
             of
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             And
             is
             said
             to
             have
             for
             his
             Arms
             ,
             a
             Lyon
             Rampant
             ,
             in
             a
             Field
             Or
             ,
             with
             this
             Motto
             ,
             
               viz.
               The
               Lyon
               of
               the
               Tribe
               of
            
             Judah
             
               shall
               overcome
            
             .
             Which
             gives
             many
             occasion
             to
             think
             ,
             he
             either
             descended
             of
             the
             Jewish
             Race
             ,
             from
             the
             Stock
             of
             David
             ,
             or
             from
             the
             Off-spring
             of
             the
             Queen
             of
             Sheba
             ,
             or
             Saba
             ,
             called
             the
             Queen
             of
             the
             South
             ,
             supposed
             to
             be
             Begotten
             by
             Solomon
             ;
             but
             leaving
             these
             Conjectures
             to
             those
             
             that
             are
             disposed
             to
             make
             a
             more
             strict
             Inquiry
             into
             them
             ,
             we
             proceed
             to
             the
             Inferior
             Aethiopia
             .
          
        
         
           
             Aethiopia
             Inferior
             Described
             ,
             in
             its
             Kingdoms
             and
             Provinces
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               AETHIOPIA
               Inferior
            
             has
             on
             the
             East
             the
             
               Red
               Sea
            
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             the
             
               Aethiopick
               Ocean
            
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             the
             Higher
             Aethiopia
             ,
             and
             
               Terra
               Nigritarum
            
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             South
             the
             Main
             Ocean
             ,
             parting
             it
             from
             
               Terra
               Australis
               Incognita
            
             ;
             being
             lower
             in
             Scituation
             than
             the
             former
             ;
             a
             Country
             but
             little
             known
             to
             the
             Ancients
             ,
             but
             since
             more
             fully
             Discovered
             ,
             and
             is
             divided
             properly
             into
             4
             Parts
             ,
             
               viz.
               Zang●bar
               ,
               Monomotapa
               ,
               Cafraria
               ,
            
             and
             Manicongo
             ;
             and
             as
             for
             the
             People
             ,
             they
             differ
             little
             from
             the
             other
             Aethiopia
             ,
             either
             in
             Customs
             or
             Manners
             ,
             going
             Clad
             with
             striped
             Plads
             ,
             or
             Skins
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             part
             Mahometans
             and
             part
             Idolaters
             .
          
           
             ZANGEBAR
             is
             a
             Country
             Low
             and
             Fenny
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             over-flowing
             of
             the
             Rivers
             ,
             and
             so
             pestered
             with
             Woods
             and
             Forrests
             ,
             that
             for
             wa●
             of
             the
             free
             motion
             of
             the
             Air
             it
             is
             very
             unwholsome
             ;
             and
             so
             little
             are
             the
             people
             skilled
             in
             Shipping
             ,
             that
             the
             Moors
             who
             dwell
             on
             the
             Sea
             Coasts
             use
             to
             adventure
             in
             little
             Vessels
             sowed
             together
             with
             Leather
             Thongs
             ,
             and
             Caulk'd
             with
             Gum
             ,
             having
             no
             other
             Sails
             than
             the
             Leaves
             of
             
               Palm
               Trees
            
             ;
             and
             this
             Province
             contains
             15
             lesser
             Provinces
             ,
             as
             
               Melindi
               ,
               Mombaza
               ,
               Quiola
               ,
               Mosambique
               ,
            
             a
             very
             Fruitful
             ,
             Populous
             Countrey
             ;
             Sofala
             ,
             supposed
             the
             Ophir●
             of
             Solomon
             for
             its
             store
             of
             Gold
             ,
             Ivory
             ,
             and
             other
             Rich
             Commodities
             ;
             Moenhemago
             or
             Monemug
             ,
             an
             Inland
             Province
             ,
             affording
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             ,
             which
             the
             People
             barter
             with
             the
             Portugals
             for
             
               Silks
               ,
               Taffata's
            
             ,
             and
             the
             like
             ,
             
               Moeneremage
               ,
               Corova
               ,
               Calen
               ,
               
               Anzuga
               ,
               Mombira
               ,
               Mombiza
               ,
               Bandi
               ,
               Monzala
               ,
               Ma●oas
               ,
               Benda
            
             and
             Embreo
             ,
             and
             has
             for
             its
             Chief
             Cities
             or
             Places
             of
             resort
             ,
             
               Mombaza
               ,
               Ampaza
            
             ,
             both
             taken
             by
             the
             
               Portugals
               ;
               Quiola
               ,
               Mosambique
               ,
               Safola
               ,
            
             and
             others
             of
             lesser
             note
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             Region
             are
             divers
             Cannibals
             of
             a
             black
             and
             horrid
             Aspect
             ,
             who
             War
             upon
             their
             Neighbours
             for
             no
             other
             end
             than
             that
             they
             may
             eat
             them
             when
             they
             take
             them
             Captive
             ;
             and
             amongst
             others
             ,
             having
             taken
             Mombaza
             ,
             they
             made
             a
             great
             Feast
             of
             the
             King
             and
             such
             Citizens
             as
             escaped
             not
             their
             hands
             ,
             and
             would
             have
             no
             Commerce
             held
             with
             them
             ,
             were
             not
             
               their
               Countrey
            
             exceeding
             Rich.
             
          
           
             MONOMOPATA
             lies
             mostly
             upon
             the
             Sea
             ,
             and
             is
             in
             Circuit
             
               3250
               Italian
               Miles
            
             ;
             the
             Air
             very
             Temperate
             ,
             and
             wholsome
             and
             pleasant
             ,
             and
             is
             Watered
             with
             the
             
               Rivers
               ,
               Panami
               ,
               Aurug
               ,
               Luanga
               ,
               Mangeano
               ,
            
             in
             whose
             Sands
             is
             found
             much
             Gold
             ,
             and
             as
             for
             the
             people
             of
             this
             Tract
             ,
             they
             are
             black
             of
             Complexion
             ,
             mean
             of
             Stature
             ,
             swift
             of
             Foot
             ,
             and
             very
             strong
             ,
             covering
             themselves
             only
             with
             Cotton
             Cloath
             ,
             and
             diet
             upon
             Flesh
             ,
             Fish
             ,
             Milk
             ,
             Rice
             and
             Oyl
             of
             Susiman
             ,
             being
             Pagans
             in
             Religion
             ,
             Worshipping
             a
             God
             called
             Mozimo
             ,
             yet
             invisible
             ,
             for
             they
             hate
             Idols
             ;
             and
             here
             above
             all
             Countreys
             in
             Africk
             ,
             the
             Women
             have
             the
             greatest
             priviledges
             .
             They
             punish
             Theft
             ,
             Adultery
             ,
             and
             Witch-craft
             with
             Death
             ,
             yet
             have
             no
             Prisons
             ,
             but
             execute
             the
             Offenders
             as
             soon
             as
             taken
             ;
             and
             the
             lesser
             Provinces
             into
             which
             this
             greater
             is
             divided
             ,
             are
             Motuca
             ,
             Rich
             in
             Mines
             of
             
               Gold
               ,
               Torra
            
             or
             
               Butna
               ,
               Boro
               ,
               Quiticut
               ,
               Inhambran
               ,
            
             and
             some
             others
             of
             lesser
             note
             ,
             they
             being
             all
             very
             Fruitful
             ,
             but
             most
             famed
             for
             their
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             ;
             but
             their
             Towns
             are
             very
             inconsiderable
             ,
             the
             people
             mostly
             living
             in
             stragling
             Cotts
             ,
             the
             meaner
             sort
             not
             suffered
             to
             have
             any
             Doors
             .
          
           
           
             CAFRARIA
             ,
             A
             third
             Division
             of
             this
             Aethiopia
             ,
             is
             a
             Country
             greatly
             abounding
             with
             Herds
             of
             Cattle
             ,
             Deer
             ,
             Antelopes
             ,
             Baboons
             ,
             Foxes
             ,
             Hares
             ,
             ●elicans
             ,
             Ostriches
             ,
             Herons
             ,
             Ducks
             ,
             Geese
             ,
             Pheasants
             ,
             Partridges
             ;
             exceeding
             well
             watered
             ,
             but
             deficient
             in
             Corn
             ,
             by
             the
             neglect
             of
             the
             Natives
             ,
             who
             choose
             rather
             to
             live
             idly
             upon
             the
             bounty
             of
             Nature
             ,
             than
             to
             improve
             it
             by
             Art
             ;
             making
             their
             Aboads
             in
             Woods
             and
             Forrests
             ,
             and
             building
             ,
             for
             the
             most
             part
             ,
             their
             Houses
             of
             Branches
             of
             Trees
             ,
             interwoven
             Hurdle-waies
             ,
             and
             are
             black
             of
             Colour
             ,
             thick
             Lipped
             ,
             flat
             Nosed
             ,
             long
             Headed
             ,
             but
             longer
             Eared
             ,
             which
             reach
             beneath
             their
             Shoulders
             ,
             occasioned
             by
             their
             hanging
             extraordinary
             Weights
             in
             them
             for
             Ornaments
             ,
             as
             Rings
             ,
             Chains
             ,
             &c.
             
             And
             to
             render
             themselves
             more
             beautiful
             ,
             slash
             their
             Skins
             in
             divers
             parts
             ,
             carving
             it
             out
             into
             sundry
             Forms
             ,
             in
             imitation
             of
             the
             Antient
             Britains
             ;
             and
             the
             better
             to
             show
             it
             in
             all
             parts
             ,
             they
             go
             mostly
             naked
             ,
             unless
             a
             piece
             of
             a
             Beast's
             Skin
             over
             their
             Privities
             ;
             and
             those
             that
             go
             best
             attired
             ,
             it
             is
             only
             in
             Skins
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             rough
             as
             they
             take
             them
             off
             ,
             their
             Dyet
             being
             raw
             Flesh
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             Guts
             of
             Be●sts
             they
             adorn
             themselves
             ,
             by
             hanging
             them
             about
             their
             Necks
             ,
             and
             indeed
             are
             altogether
             Brutal
             and
             Bestial
             .
             And
             in
             this
             Tract
             live
             the
             Imb●ans
             ,
             not
             far
             from
             the
             
               Cape
               of
               Good-hope
            
             ,
             Tall
             ,
             and
             o●
             considerable
             Strength
             ,
             living
             by
             War
             and
             Rapine
             ▪
             feeding
             on
             the
             Flesh
             of
             their
             conquered
             En●mies
             and
             dying
             Friends
             ,
             whose
             Deaths
             they
             hasten
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             the
             sooner
             Eat
             them
             ,
             and
             make
             Drinking
             Cups
             of
             their
             Sculls
             ;
             and
             in
             their
             War
             ▪
             they
             fight
             with
             Poisoned
             Arrows
             ,
             and
             a
             long
             Pol●
             ,
             hardened
             at
             the
             end
             with
             Fire
             ,
             carrying
             likewise
             Fire
             before
             them
             ,
             signifying
             thereby
             that
             they
             intend
             to
             Roast
             and
             Boil
             all
             they
             shall
             overcome
             ;
             and
             these
             were
             they
             that
             Eat
             up
             the
             King
             of
             Mambaza
             and
             his
             People
             ;
             their
             King
             if
             such
             a
             Monster
             
             deserve
             that
             sacred
             Epithete
             ,
             accounting
             himself
             Lord
             of
             all
             the
             Earth
             ;
             and
             when
             at
             any
             time
             the
             Heat
             or
             Rain
             offends
             him
             ,
             he
             darts
             his
             Poisoned
             Arrows
             at
             Heaven
             ,
             by
             way
             of
             defiance
             :
             As
             for
             Towns
             ,
             they
             have
             none
             of
             any
             note
             ,
             living
             in
             Hutts
             ,
             stragling
             Villages
             ,
             aud
             Woods
             ;
             and
             in
             these
             parts
             is
             the
             
               Cape
               of
               Good-hope
            
             ,
             frequently
             touch'd
             by
             such
             as
             Sail
             to
             the
             East-Indies
             ;
             and
             the
             better
             to
             discover
             the
             customs
             of
             these
             People
             ,
             in
             the
             beastly
             and
             inhumane
             condition
             they
             live
             in
             ,
             take
             the
             following
             account
             ,
             viz.
             It
             happened
             that
             some
             English
             Ships
             ,
             in
             their
             way
             home
             from
             the
             Indies
             ,
             ●ortuned
             to
             take
             two
             of
             the
             Natives
             ,
             near
             the
             Bay
             of
             Soldania
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             learn
             from
             them
             ,
             when
             they
             could
             be
             brought
             to
             speak
             English
             ,
             a
             farther
             account
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             them
             ,
             named
             Coore
             ,
             they
             brought
             to
             London
             ,
             the
             other
             dying
             by
             the
             way
             ,
             when
             the
             better
             to
             please
             him
             ,
             they
             not
             only
             arayed
             him
             in
             fine
             Cloaths
             ,
             but
             gave
             him
             Beads
             ,
             Bells
             ,
             and
             other
             things
             ,
             wherein
             the
             Natives
             of
             his
             Countrey
             most
             delighted
             .
             yet
             not
             these
             ,
             nor
             the
             sumptuous
             Fare
             he
             met
             with
             ,
             could
             alter
             his
             inclination
             ,
             for
             he
             altogether
             appeared
             Dogged
             and
             Melancholy
             ;
             and
             when
             he
             had
             a
             smattering
             of
             English
             ,
             he
             would
             often
             throw
             himself
             upon
             the
             Ground
             ,
             in
             a
             melancholy
             posture
             ,
             and
             passionately
             cry'd
             out
             ,
             
               Home
               go
            
             Saldania
             ,
             go
             Coore
             
               home
               ,
               go
            
             .
             So
             that
             all
             hopes
             being
             lost
             of
             bringing
             him
             to
             any
             better
             manners
             ,
             than
             what
             he
             had
             naturally
             im●ibed
             ,
             they
             sent
             him
             back
             again
             by
             the
             next
             Ships
             ,
             and
             set
             him
             ,
             to
             his
             no
             small
             joy
             ,
             on
             Shore
             where
             they
             found
             him
             :
             So
             that
             at
             any
             time
             when
             he
             saw
             Ships
             with
             English
             Colours
             ,
             he
             would
             come
             running
             to
             the
             Bay
             with
             Gut
             and
             Garbidg
             about
             his
             Neck
             ,
             to
             them
             ,
             doing
             them
             all
             the
             good
             Offices
             he
             could
             ,
             being
             more
             pleased
             with
             that
             Beastly
             manner
             of
             Living
             than
             any
             other
             .
          
           
           
             MANICONGO
             ,
             is
             a
             very
             temperate
             Region
             ,
             free
             from
             extream
             Colds
             ,
             as
             being
             scituate
             under
             the
             Equator
             ,
             rendring
             by
             that
             means
             the
             Soil
             exceeding
             fruitful
             ,
             affording
             Fruits
             ,
             Plants
             ,
             Herbs
             ,
             store
             of
             Pasturage
             ;
             abundance
             of
             Bulls
             ,
             Cows
             ,
             Goats
             ,
             Hares
             ,
             Deer
             ,
             Elephants
             ,
             and
             Serpents
             so
             large
             that
             they
             will
             swallow
             a
             Man
             ;
             Fowl
             of
             sundry
             kinds
             ,
             they
             have
             in
             great
             plenty
             ,
             both
             wild
             and
             tame
             ,
             as
             being
             watered
             with
             the
             Rivers
             
               Coanza
               ,
               Bengo
               ,
               Barbela
               ,
               Ambrizi
               ,
               Dande
               ,
               Loza
               ,
            
             and
             Zare
             ,
             and
             has
             in
             it
             the
             Mountains
             of
             
               Siera
               ,
               Complida
            
             ,
             the
             Chrystalline
             Mountain
             ,
             where
             great
             store
             of
             Chrystal
             is
             found
             ,
             the
             Mountains
             of
             the
             Sun
             ,
             the
             Mountains
             of
             
               Sal
               Nitri
            
             affording
             great
             quantities
             of
             that
             kind
             of
             Minerals
             ,
             and
             the
             Mountains
             of
             Cabambe
             ,
             rich
             in
             Mines
             of
             Silver
             .
             And
             this
             Province
             of
             Manicongo
             ,
             contains
             sundry
             lesser
             ;
             the
             King
             stiles
             himself
             ,
             King
             of
             
               Bomba
               ,
               Congo
               ,
               Sango
               ,
               Sundi
               ,
               Bangu
               ,
               Batti
               ,
               Pemba
               ,
               Abundi
               ,
               Matana
               ,
               Quisoma
               ,
               Angolu
               ,
            
             and
             Cacanga
             ,
             Lord
             of
             
               Congemes
               ,
               Amolaze
               ,
               Langelum
               ,
               Anzuichi
               ,
               Chucchi
               ,
            
             and
             Zoanghi
             ,
             though
             several
             of
             them
             are
             undiscovered
             to
             the
             Europeans
             ,
             the
             whole
             Coast
             being
             first
             discovered
             by
             the
             Portugals
             ,
             who
             o●ened
             a
             way
             on
             this
             side
             of
             Afric
             ,
             to
             the
             Wealth
             of
             India
             in
             Asia
             ;
             and
             although
             the
             King
             of
             Congo
             ,
             has
             no
             other
             Current
             Money
             but
             Cockle
             Shells
             ,
             yet
             his
             Revenues
             are
             great
             by
             Presents
             ,
             for
             none
             may
             come
             to
             him
             empty
             handed
             ,
             as
             also
             by
             his
             share
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             digged
             out
             of
             the
             Mines
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             Tract
             are
             sundry
             Nations
             of
             Cannibals
             who
             greedily
             devour
             Mans
             Flesh
             ,
             rather
             than
             that
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             and
             of
             these
             there
             are
             the
             Igges
             ,
             or
             Giachi
             ,
             inhabiting
             the
             Mountains
             of
             the
             Sun
             ,
             the
             which
             though
             they
             have
             Wives
             10
             or
             20
             a
             piece
             ,
             yet
             have
             they
             no
             Children
             to
             be
             their
             Heirs
             ,
             for
             they
             unnaturally
             strangle
             them
             as
             soon
             as
             Born
             ,
             and
             Eat
             them
             as
             Dainties
             ,
             supplying
             the
             Decrease
             
             in
             number
             by
             such
             as
             they
             take
             Prisoners
             of
             either
             Sex
             ,
             stealing
             none
             under
             16
             or
             20
             years
             of
             Age
             ,
             which
             by
             force
             and
             custom
             they
             bring
             to
             be
             as
             bad
             as
             themselves
             ,
             against
             whom
             the
             Batti
             ,
             a
             neighbouring
             Province
             ,
             keeps
             70000
             Men
             in
             Arms
             ,
             to
             prevent
             the
             Stealing
             or
             Eating
             the
             rest
             .
             Another
             sort
             there
             are
             of
             these
             Monsters
             in
             Zazichana
             ,
             who
             Eat
             not
             only
             their
             Enemies
             but
             their
             Friends
             and
             Kinsfolks
             ;
             and
             if
             at
             any
             time
             they
             can
             make
             to
             the
             value
             of
             a
             penny
             more
             of
             a
             Slave
             Dead
             than
             Alive
             ,
             they
             kill
             him
             ,
             and
             cut
             out
             his
             Body
             in
             Joynts
             ,
             selling
             it
             publickly
             in
             their
             Shambles
             ,
             as
             Beef
             and
             Mutton
             with
             us
             ;
             and
             when
             they
             have
             any
             that
             are
             Lean
             ,
             they
             fat
             them
             for
             the
             Slaughter
             .
             And
             great
             pitty
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             so
             good
             and
             fruitful
             a
             Country
             ,
             as
             these
             Regions
             of
             Africk
             ,
             should
             be
             possessed
             with
             such
             impious
             Wretches
             ;
             wherefore
             lest
             a
             further
             Relation
             of
             such
             a
             barbarous
             People
             ,
             should
             prove
             ingrateful
             to
             the
             Reader
             ,
             we
             will
             put
             a
             period
             to
             the
             Discourse
             of
             this
             Country
             ,
             and
             of
             Africa
             ,
             till
             we
             come
             to
             the
             Islands
             ,
             and
             so
             proceed
             to
             the
             Description
             of
             America
             ,
             the
             fourth
             and
             last
             part
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             yet
             discovered
             Continent
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           GEOGRAPHICAL
           AND
           Historical
           Description
           OF
           AMERICA
           ,
           In
           its
           Kingdoms
           and
           Provinces
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           AMERICA
           ,
           the
           fourth
           Division
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           so
           named
           by
           
             Americus
             Vespucius
          
           ,
           an
           adventurous
           Florentine
           ,
           who
           discovered
           a
           part
           of
           the
           Continent
           ,
           is
           bounded
           on
           the
           East
           with
           the
           Atlantick
           Ocean
           ,
           and
           the
           Virginian
           Seas
           ,
           called
           
             Mare
             del
             Noort
          
           ;
           on
           the
           West
           with
           the
           Pacifick
           Ocean
           ,
           called
           
             Mare
             Del
             Zur
          
           ;
           dividing
           it
           from
           Asia
           on
           the
           South
           ,
           with
           part
           of
           
             Terra
             Australis
             Incognita
          
           ,
           from
           which
           separated
           by
           a
           long
           
           narrow
           Streight
           ,
           called
           the
           Streight
           of
           Magellan
           ;
           but
           on
           the
           North
           reaches
           ,
           as
           some
           suppose
           ,
           to
           the
           Artick
           Pole
           ;
           the
           bounds
           are
           not
           known
           ,
           and
           although
           this
           Country
           has
           been
           but
           lately
           discovered
           by
           us
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           conjectured
           to
           be
           as
           anciently
           Peopled
           as
           Europe
           it self
           ,
           and
           though
           some
           have
           guessed
           it
           was
           knownto
           the
           Antient
           
             Greeks
             Romans
          
           and
           Carthaginians
           ,
           yet
           they
           are
           but
           Conjectures
           ,
           only
           the
           Arguments
           or
           Probabilities
           ,
           they
           bring
           to
           confirm
           or
           strengthen
           them
           ,
           being
           much
           too
           weak
           to
           hold
           with
           a
           considering
           or
           Judicious
           Reader
           ,
           and
           therefore
           coming
           to
           more
           certainty
           ,
           we
           must
           be
           impartial
           ,
           and
           ascribe
           the
           Honour
           of
           the
           Discovery
           of
           this
           great
           Country
           ,
           called
           by
           many
           
             A
             New
             World
          
           ,
           to
           the
           Honour
           and
           Memory
           of
           
             Christopher
             Colon
          
           or
           Columbus
           ,
           a
           Genoese
           ,
           born
           at
           Neray
           in
           the
           Signiory
           of
           Genoa
           ,
           who
           being
           a
           man
           of
           considerable
           Abilities
           of
           mind
           ,
           could
           not
           upon
           considering
           the
           motion
           of
           the
           Sun
           ,
           perswade
           himself
           but
           that
           there
           must
           in
           reason
           be
           large
           Countries
           not
           found
           out
           ,
           to
           which
           it
           communicated
           its
           influence
           ,
           and
           being
           strongly
           possessed
           with
           these
           thoughts
           ,
           he
           imparted
           them
           to
           the
           State
           of
           Genoa
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1486
           ,
           whereupon
           he
           sent
           his
           Brother
           Bartholomew
           to
           propose
           the
           Discovery
           to
           Henry
           the
           Seventh
           of
           England
           ,
           who
           unluckily
           ,
           by
           the
           way
           ,
           was
           taken
           Prisoner
           ,
           though
           some
           time
           after
           ,
           being
           set
           at
           liberty
           ,
           he
           performed
           his
           Trust
           ,
           and
           was
           received
           with
           much
           chearfulness
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           Columbus
           was
           sent
           for
           by
           the
           King
           :
           happy
           for
           the
           Natives
           had
           they
           fell
           into
           such
           merciful
           hands
           ;
           but
           Providence
           otherways
           ordered
           it
           ,
           for
           Columbus
           ignorant
           of
           his
           Brothers
           being
           taken
           by
           the
           Pyrats
           ,
           not
           hearing
           any
           return
           or
           answer
           ,
           concluded
           his
           Proposals
           rejected
           ,
           and
           thereupon
           he
           made
           his
           Overtures
           to
           the
           Court
           of
           Castile
           ,
           where
           after
           many
           delays
           and
           six
           Years
           Attendance
           ,
           he
           was
           furnished
           with
           three
           Ships
           ,
           
           not
           for
           Conquest
           ,
           but
           Discovery
           ,
           when
           having
           Sailed
           sixty
           days
           on
           the
           Main
           Ocean
           ,
           he
           could
           descry
           no
           Land
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           disheartned
           Spaniards
           growing
           out
           of
           love
           with
           so
           tedious
           ,
           and
           as
           they
           concluded
           ,
           fruitless
           a
           Voyage
           ,
           began
           to
           Mutiny
           ,
           refusing
           to
           pass
           any
           further
           ,
           at
           what
           time
           ,
           as
           fortune
           would
           have
           it
           ,
           Columbus
           espied
           a
           bright
           Cloud
           arise
           ,
           growing
           still
           more
           light
           ,
           from
           which
           he
           gathered
           ,
           that
           they
           must
           ascend
           from
           the
           Fumes
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           and
           not
           the
           Ocean
           ,
           whereat
           taking
           Courage
           ,
           he
           prevailed
           with
           them
           to
           stand
           three
           days
           course
           ,
           and
           if
           in
           that
           time
           no
           Land
           was
           discovered
           ,
           he
           would
           engage
           to
           return
           ;
           when
           towards
           the
           end
           of
           the
           third
           day
           they
           espied
           Fire
           ,
           which
           they
           afterward
           found
           to
           be
           on
           the
           Coast
           of
           Florida
           ,
           where
           Landing
           his
           Men
           ,
           he
           caused
           a
           Tree
           to
           be
           cut
           down
           ,
           and
           making
           a
           Cross
           ,
           he
           erected
           it
           on
           the
           ●irm
           Land
           on
           the
           Eleventh
           of
           
             October
             1492
          
           ,
           taking
           thereby
           possession
           of
           this
           
             New
             World
          
           in
           the
           name
           of
           the
           
             Spanish
             King
          
           ,
           finding
           it
           exceeding
           pleasant
           and
           promising
           ,
           and
           so
           by
           degrees
           proceeded
           further
           ,
           and
           after
           him
           divers
           others
           ,
           till
           they
           brought
           to
           light
           the
           Kingdoms
           and
           Countreys
           Intended
           here
           to
           be
           described
           .
        
         
           The
           Countrey
           of
           America
           on
           the
           Continent
           ,
           is
           properly
           divided
           into
           two
           great
           Peninsula's
           ,
           whereof
           that
           toward
           the
           North
           is
           called
           Mexicana
           from
           Mexico
           the
           Chief
           City
           ,
           computed
           to
           be
           
             3000
             Miles
          
           in
           Circumference
           ;
           the
           South
           is
           called
           P●ruana
           ,
           the
           Sailing
           about
           which
           is
           reckoned
           
             17000
             Italian
             Miles
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Isthmus
           that
           joyns
           them
           together
           ,
           is
           very
           long
           ,
           but
           narrow
           in
           some
           places
           ,
           no●
           above
           
             12
             Miles
          
           from
           Sea
           to
           Sea
           ,
           and
           in
           many
           not
           above
           17
           ;
           called
           by
           the
           Spaniards
           the
           Streights
           of
           Darien
           ,
           from
           a
           River
           of
           that
           name
           near
           the
           Isthmus
           ,
           which
           Isthmus
           has
           been
           often
           proposed
           to
           be
           cut
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           joyning
           the
           two
           Seas
           ,
           the
           passage
           might
           be
           very
           much
           shortened
           to
           China
           ,
           and
           the
           
           Molucca's
           but
           never
           yet
           enterprized
           .
        
         
         
           The
           
             Mexican
             Province
          
           is
           properly
           divided
           into
           the
           Continent
           and
           Islands
           .
           The
           Continent
           containeth
           the
           Provinces
           of
           
             Estotiland
             ,
             Nova
             Francia
             ,
             Virginia
             ,
             Florida
             ,
             Califormia
             ,
             Nova
             Gallicia
             ,
             Nova
             Hispania
             ,
          
           and
           Guatimalia
           ,
           and
           these
           sub-divided
           into
           lesser
           Countries
           .
           The
           Peruan
           Province
           ,
           or
           the
           Southern
           Peninsula
           ,
           taking
           in
           some
           part
           of
           the
           Isthmus
           ,
           hath
           on
           the
           Continent
           the
           Province
           of
           
             Castela
             Aurea
             ,
             Nova
             Granada
             ,
             Peru
             ,
             Chiele
             ,
             Parognay
             ,
             Brasil
             ,
             Guiana
             ,
          
           and
           Paria
           ,
           with
           their
           several
           Members
           ,
           and
           particular
           Regions
           ,
           of
           which
           in
           their
           order
           ,
           and
           then
           of
           the
           Islands
           of
           the
           Universe
           .
        
         
           
             Estotiland
             ,
             and
             its
             Regions
             described
             .
          
           
             UNder
             the
             name
             of
             Estotiland
             we
             comprehend
             the
             
               Northern
               Regions
            
             of
             the
             
               Mexican
               Province
            
             ,
             as
             also
             those
             on
             the
             East
             ;
             and
             't
             is
             bounded
             Eastward
             with
             the
             Main
             Ocean
             ;
             on
             the
             South
             with
             Canida
             ,
             or
             
               Nova
               Francia
            
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             with
             undiscovered
             Tracts
             of
             Land
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             North
             with
             an
             Inlet
             or
             Bay
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             called
             
               Hudsons
               Bay
            
             ,
             taking
             its
             name
             from
             
               Henry
               Hudson
            
             an
             Englishman
             ,
             who
             first
             discovered
             it
             .
          
           
             ESTOTILAND
             ,
             properly
             so
             called
             ,
             is
             the
             most
             Northern
             Region
             on
             the
             East
             side
             of
             America
             ,
             the
             Soil
             sufficiently
             inriched
             by
             Nature
             ;
             the
             Natives
             Rude
             and
             void
             of
             Civility
             ,
             Arts
             ,
             or
             Tractableness
             ,
             going
             many
             of
             them
             Named
             ,
             notwithstanding
             the
             extream
             Cold
             ,
             living
             by
             the
             Flesh
             of
             Wild
             Beasts
             they
             kill
             in
             the
             Woods
             ,
             and
             is
             but
             little
             Inhabited
             but
             by
             the
             Natives
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             lasting
             Winters
             ;
             the
             greatest
             Advantage
             drawn
             from
             this
             extream
             Region
             ,
             being
             the
             Fishing
             Trade
             ,
             where
             in
             the
             Rivers
             at
             the
             Season
             ,
             are
             such
             a
             Number
             of
             Cod
             ,
             called
             New-land-fish
             ,
             that
             with
             a
             red
             Rag
             and
             a
             Hook
             ,
             a
             Man
             may
             catch
             forty
             or
             fifty
             in
             an
             hour
             ,
             
             which
             dried
             and
             salted
             ,
             are
             brought
             into
             England
             and
             other
             parts
             of
             Europe
             ;
             besides
             they
             Trade
             sometimes
             with
             the
             Natives
             for
             Feathers
             ,
             Furs
             and
             Skins
             of
             Beasts
             ;
             and
             the
             most
             noted
             places
             (
             for
             Cities
             you
             must
             expect
             none
             )
             are
             such
             as
             have
             been
             named
             by
             the
             English
             ,
             viz.
             Prince
             
             Henry's
             
               Fore-land
               ,
               Charles
               Cape
               ,
               King's
               Fore-land
               ,
            
             and
             
               Cape
               Wolstenham
            
             at
             the
             end
             thereof
             ,
             where
             the
             Streights
             open
             in
             a
             large
             and
             spacious
             Bay
             ,
             called
             
               Hudsons
               Bay
            
             ;
             but
             to
             come
             more
             Southward
             ,
             the
             next
             Region
             is
             
               Terra
               Corterialis
            
             .
          
           
             In
             
               Terra
               Corterialis
            
             ,
             the
             people
             are
             found
             to
             be
             of
             a
             little
             better
             Understanding
             ,
             Cloathing
             themselves
             more
             decently
             in
             Skins
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             and
             such
             other
             Garments
             as
             they
             can
             conveniently
             obtain
             ,
             being
             generally
             good
             Archers
             ,
             getting
             their
             Provision
             thereby
             ,
             yet
             Strangers
             to
             Towns
             and
             Cities
             ,
             as
             living
             in
             Caves
             and
             Swamps
             ,
             or
             fortified
             Woods
             ,
             to
             which
             they
             gave
             the
             Names
             of
             Towns
             or
             Villages
             ;
             not
             Marrying
             ,
             but
             living
             Common
             ,
             most
             of
             them
             Idolaters
             ,
             and
             those
             that
             are
             their
             Guides
             ,
             pretenders
             to
             Southsaying
             and
             Witchcraft
             ,
             much
             delighting
             in
             Fish
             ,
             which
             they
             eat
             more
             gladly
             than
             any
             thing
             ▪
             though
             a
             
               French
               Colony
            
             setling
             here
             ,
             have
             built
             some
             inconsiderable
             Towns
             ,
             indifferently
             Inhabited
             ,
             as
             
               Brest
               ,
               Cabo-Marzo
               ,
               Sancta
               Maria
               ,
            
             and
             some
             others
             ;
             and
             this
             part
             was
             first
             discovered
             by
             
               Sebastian
               Cabot
            
             in
             the
             Year
             1499
             ,
             at
             the
             Charge
             of
             King
             Henry
             the
             Seventh
             ,
             though
             not
             Improved
             ,
             but
             took
             soon
             after
             its
             name
             from
             
               Gaspar
               Corterialis
            
             a
             Portugal
             ,
             who
             some
             years
             after
             ,
             Sailing
             upon
             Discovery
             ,
             fell
             in
             with
             it
             ;
             and
             here
             are
             found
             Staggs
             ,
             White
             Bears
             ,
             and
             Scut-fish
             a
             Yard
             long
             ,
             and
             such
             shoals
             of
             Cod-fish
             upon
             the
             Coast
             ,
             that
             they
             retard
             the
             Sailing
             of
             the
             Ships
             .
          
           
           
             NEW-FOVND-LAND
             ,
             another
             part
             of
             this
             Tract
             lies
             on
             the
             South
             of
             Corterialis
             ,
             parted
             from
             it
             by
             the
             Frith
             or
             Streight
             ,
             called
             
               Golfes
               des
               Chasteaux
            
             ,
             pretty
             well
             Inhabited
             ,
             though
             not
             free
             from
             the
             Extremities
             of
             Cold
             ,
             and
             has
             on
             the
             Coast
             such
             abundance
             of
             Cod-fish
             ,
             Herrings
             ,
             Salmon
             ,
             Mussles
             ,
             with
             Pearls
             in
             their
             Shells
             ,
             &c.
             that
             it
             is
             to
             be
             wondered
             at
             ;
             as
             also
             Thornbacks
             ,
             Smelts
             and
             Oysters
             ;
             the
             up-land
             Country
             well
             Manured
             ,
             producing
             naturally
             Roses
             ,
             and
             bears
             Pease
             in
             extraordinary
             Crops
             ,
             Flourishing
             with
             Trees
             of
             sundry
             kinds
             ,
             as
             well
             for
             Fruits
             as
             Shades
             ;
             and
             in
             these
             Parts
             the
             Natives
             ,
             scaping
             the
             Bloody
             Cruelty
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             are
             pretty
             Numerous
             ,
             being
             of
             a
             reasonable
             Stature
             ,
             broad
             Eye'd
             ,
             full
             Faced
             ,
             and
             Beardless
             ,
             their
             Complexion
             the
             Colour
             of
             Oaker
             ,
             and
             their
             Houses
             for
             the
             most
             part
             made
             of
             Pol●s
             ,
             their
             Tops
             meeting
             together
             ,
             and
             covered
             over
             with
             Skins
             ,
             their
             Hearth
             ,
             or
             Fire-place
             in
             the
             middle
             ,
             after
             the
             manner
             of
             the
             Laplanders
             ;
             their
             Boats
             ,
             with
             which
             they
             Sail
             in
             the
             Rivers
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             Sea
             near
             the
             Shoar
             ,
             are
             made
             of
             the
             Bark
             of
             a
             Tree
             ,
             that
             Country
             affords
             ,
             20
             Feet
             in
             Length
             and
             4
             in
             Bredth
             ,
             yet
             one
             of
             them
             weighs
             not
             1
             Hundred
             Weight
             ;
             and
             on
             this
             Coast
             are
             many
             curious
             Bays
             ,
             safe
             for
             Ships
             ;
             and
             before
             this
             Part
             ,
             which
             some
             term
             an
             Island
             ,
             as
             being
             divided
             by
             the
             Frith
             from
             the
             Continent
             ,
             lyeth
             a
             long
             Bank
             or
             ridg
             of
             Ground
             of
             many
             Hundred
             Leagues
             extent
             ,
             but
             not
             above
             24
             at
             the
             Broadest
             ,
             and
             all
             about
             Islands
             ,
             called
             by
             some
             
               Cabo
               Baccalaos
            
             ,
             from
             the
             Swarms
             of
             Cod
             fish
             found
             about
             it
             ,
             which
             by
             the
             Natives
             are
             called
             Baccalaos
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             Bears
             frequently
             pull
             them
             out
             of
             the
             Water
             with
             their
             Paws
             and
             eat
             them
             :
             As
             for
             the
             Natives
             (
             upon
             the
             coming
             of
             the
             Christians
             ▪
             )
             they
             Inhabited
             the
             Sea-Coast
             ,
             but
             now
             for
             the
             most
             part
             have
             betaken
             themselves
             to
             the
             Woods
             and
             Fastnesses
             ,
             and
             used
             to
             express
             their
             Duty
             and
             Reverence
             
             towards
             their
             King
             ,
             by
             stroaking
             their
             Foreheads
             ,
             and
             rubbing
             their
             Noses
             which
             if
             the
             King
             accepted
             ,
             or
             was
             well
             pleased
             with
             the
             Party
             ,
             he
             turned
             his
             Head
             to
             his
             left
             Shoulder
             ,
             as
             a
             mark
             of
             Favour
             :
             And
             at
             this
             day
             the
             Fishery
             for
             Ling
             and
             Cod
             ,
             chiefly
             draws
             the
             English
             thither
             ,
             though
             some
             Furrs
             and
             Civit
             are
             likewise
             to
             be
             found
             ,
             which
             the
             Colonies
             there
             setled
             have
             much
             improved
             .
          
           
             
               Canada
               ,
               or
               Nova
               Francia
               ,
               Described
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               ANother
               part
               of
               this
               Tract
               ,
               is
               called
               Canada
               ,
               from
               the
               River
               of
               that
               Name
               that
               Waters
               it
               ;
               and
               
                 New
                 France
              
               ,
               from
               a
               Colony
               of
               French
               that
               settled
               there
               ,
               who
               at
               their
               first
               arrival
               were
               gladly
               received
               by
               the
               Natives
               ,
               with
               Singing
               and
               Dancing
               ;
               and
               this
               part
               (
               as
               well
               as
               
                 Nova
                 Scotia
              
               ,
               and
               Norembegue
               )
               is
               considerably
               Woody
               ,
               in
               the
               up-land
               parts
               full
               of
               Stags
               ,
               Bears
               ,
               Hares
               ,
               Martins
               ,
               Foxes
               ,
               whose
               Flesh
               (
               till
               more
               Civiliz'd
               )
               the
               Natives
               did
               Eat
               raw
               ,
               as
               they
               did
               their
               Fish
               ,
               only
               being
               dryed
               in
               the
               Sun
               ,
               or
               Smoak'd
               in
               their
               Hovels
               ;
               they
               have
               also
               Coneys
               ,
               Land
               and
               Water
               Fowl
               in
               great
               Plenty
               ,
               taking
               great
               Pride
               in
               Bracelets
               and
               Chains
               of
               certain
               Shells
               ,
               called
               Esurgnie
               ,
               which
               the●
               gather
               on
               the
               Coast
               ;
               and
               here
               are
               many
               great
               Rivers
               of
               fresh
               Water
               ,
               which
               together
               with
               Mountains
               of
               Snow
               ,
               render
               it
               very
               cold
               ,
               yet
               Wheat
               and
               ●ulse
               grows
               pretty
               kindly
               ,
               though
               but
               few
               Fruit
               Trees
               ;
               and
               here
               the
               Women
               Labour
               more
               than
               the
               Men
               ,
               and
               if
               so
               the
               Man
               (
               who
               is
               allowed
               two
               or
               three
               Wives
               )
               dye
               ,
               the
               Widows
               will
               not
               be
               induced
               to
               Marry
               again
               ,
               but
               continue
               in
               their
               sort
               of
               Mourning
               ,
               which
               is
               to
               daub
               the
               naked
               parts
               of
               their
               Body
               
               over
               with
               Coal-dust
               ,
               for
               in
               some
               parts
               of
               this
               Tract
               they
               go
               Naked
               ,
               both
               Men
               and
               Women
               .
            
             
               VIRGINIA
               is
               a
               Country
               somewhat
               more
               pleasant
               than
               what
               we
               have
               described
               ;
               bounded
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Canada
               ;
               on
               the
               South
               with
               Florida
               ;
               on
               the
               East
               with
               
                 Mare
                 del
                 Noort
              
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               Woods
               of
               the
               Country
               ,
               the
               end
               of
               them
               not
               Discovered
               ,
               and
               is
               a
               Colony
               of
               the
               English
               ,
               along
               the
               Sea
               Coast
               ,
               and
               considerably
               upland
               ,
               so
               called
               in
               Honour
               of
               Queen
               Elizabeth
               ,
               that
               Virgin
               Queen
               ,
               and
               Glory
               of
               her
               Sex
               ,
               by
               Sir
               
                 Walter
                 Raleigh
              
               ,
               in
               the
               Year
               1584.
               though
               by
               the
               Natives
               called
               Apalchen
               ,
               from
               a
               Town
               of
               that
               Name
               ,
               the
               Sea-coast
               only
               being
               Pleasant
               ,
               for
               as
               much
               as
               what
               lies
               more
               In-land
               ,
               is
               full
               of
               barren
               Mountains
               and
               rough
               Woods
               ,
               where
               notwithstanding
               the
               Natives
               Inhabit
               in
               poor
               and
               miserable
               Houses
               ,
               under
               sundry
               Chiefs
               ,
               or
               Petty
               Kings
               ,
               and
               yet
               frequently
               at
               War
               amongst
               themselves
               ,
               for
               those
               wretched
               Dwellings
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               make
               Inroads
               ,
               and
               Plunder
               the
               English
               Territories
               ,
               killing
               as
               many
               as
               fall
               within
               the
               compass
               of
               their
               Power
               ,
               and
               then
               Fly
               to
               their
               Woods
               and
               Fastness
               ,
               where
               they
               know
               they
               cannot
               without
               great
               hazard
               and
               danger
               be
               conveniently
               pursued
               .
            
             
               The
               Country
               properly
               called
               Virginia
               extends
               from
               34
               to
               38
               Degrees
               of
               North
               Latitude
               ,
               and
               is
               very
               Temperate
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               frequent
               Breizes
               ,
               and
               refreshing
               Gales
               of
               Wind
               that
               allay
               the
               heat
               ,
               so
               that
               it
               affords
               abundance
               of
               Pleasant
               Valleys
               ,
               Spacious
               Fields
               ,
               Fruit
               Trees
               ,
               as
               in
               England
               ,
               yielding
               a
               greater
               Increase
               ,
               and
               has
               sundry
               Veins
               of
               Allom
               ,
               as
               also
               Pitch
               ,
               Turpentine
               ,
               Cedar
               ,
               and
               Olive
               Trees
               ,
               with
               many
               Pleasant
               Hills
               ,
               which
               are
               Planted
               as
               Vineyards
               ;
               store
               of
               Fish
               ,
               Fowl
               ,
               Cattle
               ,
               and
               above
               all
               sundry
               large
               Plantations
               of
               Tobacco
               ,
               especially
               upon
               James
               and
               York
               Rivers
               ,
               and
               have
               
               considerable
               Towns
               and
               Villages
               ,
               many
               of
               them
               well
               Fortified
               ,
               to
               prevent
               Incursion
               of
               the
               Savages
               ,
               whose
               Neighbouring
               Petty
               Princes
               ,
               the
               Governour
               obliges
               to
               pay
               Tribute
               ,
               and
               to
               send
               their
               Slaves
               if
               any
               outrage
               be
               committed
               by
               them
               in
               the
               Territories
               of
               the
               English
               ,
               to
               
                 James
                 ,
                 Charles
              
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               Town
               ,
               appointed
               to
               be
               Punished
               according
               to
               the
               degree
               of
               the
               Fact
               ;
               and
               here
               the
               Natives
               (
               such
               as
               border
               on
               the
               Plantation
               )
               are
               much
               Civiliz'd
               ,
               in
               consideration
               of
               those
               that
               are
               more
               remote
               ,
               Trading
               with
               the
               English
               ,
               for
               Furrs
               ,
               Skins
               ,
               and
               Indian
               Corn
               ,
               which
               they
               fet
               with
               a
               Stick
               ,
               as
               we
               do
               our
               Beans
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               work
               and
               business
               of
               their
               Wives
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               they
               have
               bought
               them
               of
               their
               Parents
               ,
               and
               Built
               them
               a
               House
               ,
               which
               for
               the
               most
               part
               is
               of
               Poles
               ,
               pleated
               on
               the
               Sides
               and
               Tops
               Hurdle-wise
               ;
               and
               if
               Female
               Children
               be
               Born
               ,
               they
               as
               soon
               as
               they
               are
               able
               ,
               go
               into
               the
               Field
               to
               work
               with
               their
               Mother
               ,
               but
               the
               Male
               goes
               along
               with
               his
               Father
               to
               shoot
               in
               the
               Woods
               ;
               and
               so
               Lazy
               are
               the
               Men
               ,
               that
               if
               they
               kill
               any
               considerable
               Game
               ,
               they
               leave
               it
               at
               a
               certain
               remarkable
               Tree
               ,
               and
               when
               they
               come
               home
               send
               their
               Wife
               to
               fetch
               it
               ,
               who
               dares
               not
               on
               pain
               of
               Death
               disoblige
               her
               Husband
               .
               But
               this
               is
               only
               meant
               of
               the
               Natives
               ,
               for
               the
               English
               are
               there
               ,
               as
               here
               ,
               Governed
               by
               wholsom
               Laws
               ,
               and
               live
               for
               the
               most
               part
               in
               great
               Plenty
               .
            
             
               MARYLAND
               lies
               on
               the
               South
               of
               Virginia
               in
               the
               same
               Tract
               ,
               divided
               from
               it
               only
               by
               some
               considerable
               Rivers
               ,
               and
               is
               as
               the
               former
               a
               Tobacco
               Plantation
               ,
               abounding
               likewise
               with
               Corn
               ,
               Cattle
               ,
               and
               considerable
               Gardens
               and
               Orchards
               of
               Fruit
               Trees
               ,
               Planted
               by
               the
               English.
               As
               for
               the
               Natives
               Bordering
               it
               ,
               they
               differ
               not
               in
               manner
               and
               quality
               from
               the
               former
               ,
               going
               mostly
               loosly
               Arrayed
               in
               Beasts
               skins
               ,
               Feathers
               compacted
               ,
               and
               armed
               with
               Bows
               and
               Darts
               .
            
             
             
               
                 NEW
                 ENGLAND
              
               ,
               an
               English
               Colony
               in
               this
               Tract
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               North-East
               with
               Norumbegua
               ,
               on
               the
               Southwest
               with
               
                 Novum
                 Belgium
              
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               other
               parts
               by
               the
               Woods
               and
               Sea
               coast
               ;
               scituate
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Temperate
               Zone
               ,
               between
               the
               degrees
               of
               41
               and
               44
               ,
               equally
               distant
               from
               the
               Artick
               Circle
               ,
               and
               the
               Tropick
               of
               Cancer
               ;
               which
               renders
               it
               very
               temperate
               and
               very
               agreeable
               to
               the
               Constitution
               of
               English
               Bodies
               ,
               the
               Soil
               being
               alike
               Fruitful
               ,
               if
               not
               in
               some
               places
               exceeding
               ours
               ;
               all
               sorts
               of
               Grain
               and
               Fruit
               trees
               common
               with
               us
               growing
               kindly
               there
               :
               The
               Woods
               there
               are
               very
               great
               ,
               wherein
               for
               the
               most
               part
               the
               Native
               Indians
               dwell
               Fortefying
               themselves
               as
               in
               Towns
               or
               places
               of
               defence
               ,
               living
               upon
               Deer
               and
               such
               other
               Creatures
               ,
               as
               those
               vast
               Wildernesses
               whose
               extents
               are
               unknown
               to
               the
               English
               abound
               with
               :
               there
               are
               in
               this
               Country
               store
               of
               Ducks
               ,
               Geese
               ,
               Turkies
               ,
               Pigeons
               ,
               Cranes
               ,
               Swans
               ,
               Partridges
               ,
               and
               almost
               all
               sort
               of
               Fowl
               ,
               and
               Cattle
               ,
               common
               to
               us
               in
               
                 Old
                 England
              
               ;
               together
               with
               Furs
               ,
               Amber
               ,
               Flax
               ,
               Pitch
               ,
               Cables
               ,
               Mast
               ,
               and
               in
               brief
               whatever
               may
               conduce
               to
               profit
               and
               pleasure
               ;
               the
               Native
               Indians
               ,
               in
               these
               parts
               are
               more
               tractable
               ,
               if
               well
               used
               ,
               than
               in
               any
               other
               ;
               many
               of
               them
               though
               unconverted
               ,
               often
               saying
               ,
               that
               our
               God
               is
               a
               good
               God
               ,
               but
               their
               Tanto
               evil
               ;
               which
               Tanto
               is
               no
               other
               than
               the
               Devil
               ,
               or
               a
               wicked
               Spirit
               that
               haunts
               them
               every
               Moon
               ,
               which
               obliges
               them
               to
               Worship
               him
               for
               fear
               ,
               though
               to
               those
               that
               are
               converted
               to
               Christianity
               he
               never
               appears
               .
            
             
               This
               English
               Colony
               after
               many
               Attempts
               and
               bad
               Successes
               was
               firmly
               Established
               1620
               ,
               at
               what
               time
               
                 New
                 Plymouth
              
               was
               Built
               and
               Fortified
               ;
               so
               that
               the
               Indians
               thereby
               being
               over-aw'd
               ,
               suffered
               the
               Planters
               without
               controul
               to
               Build
               other
               Towns
               ,
               the
               chief
               of
               which
               are
               
                 Bristol
                 ,
                 Boston
                 ,
                 Barstaple
              
               ,
               and
               others
               ,
               alluding
               to
               the
               Names
               of
               Sea
               Towns
               
               in
               
                 Old
                 England
              
               ;
               and
               are
               accommodated
               with
               many
               curious
               Havens
               commodious
               for
               Shipping
               ,
               and
               the
               Country
               watered
               with
               pleasant
               Rivers
               of
               extraordinary
               largeness
               ;
               so
               abounding
               with
               Fish
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               not
               taken
               for
               dainties
               :
               The
               Religion
               professed
               is
               Presbyterial
               ;
               and
               for
               a
               long
               time
               they
               were
               all
               Governed
               at
               their
               own
               dispose
               ,
               and
               Laws
               ,
               made
               by
               a
               Convocation
               of
               Planters
               ,
               &c.
               but
               of
               late
               they
               have
               submitted
               to
               receive
               a
               Governer
               from
               England
            
             
               
                 NOVVM
                 BELGIVM
              
               ,
               or
               the
               
                 New
                 Neither-land
              
               ,
               lies
               in
               this
               Tract
               on
               the
               South
               of
               
                 New
                 England
              
               ,
               extending
               from
               38
               to
               41
               degrees
               North
               Latitude
               ;
               a
               place
               into
               which
               the
               Hollanders
               intruded
               themselves
               ,
               considerable
               Woody
               ;
               which
               Woods
               naturally
               abound
               with
               Nuts
               and
               wild
               Grapes
               ,
               replenished
               with
               Deer
               ,
               and
               such
               Creatures
               as
               yield
               them
               store
               of
               Furrs
               ,
               as
               the
               Rivers
               and
               Plains
               do
               Fish
               and
               Fowl
               ;
               rich
               Pastures
               ,
               and
               Trees
               of
               extraordinary
               bigness
               ,
               with
               Flax
               ,
               Hemp
               ,
               and
               Herbage
               ;
               the
               ground
               very
               kindly
               bearing
               the
               Product
               of
               Europe
               ;
               and
               here
               the
               Natives
               ,
               such
               as
               live
               in
               Hutts
               and
               Woods
               ,
               go
               clad
               in
               Beasts
               Skins
               ,
               their
               Houshold
               goods
               consisting
               of
               a
               Wooden
               dish
               ,
               a
               Tobacco
               Pipe
               ,
               and
               a
               Hatchet
               made
               of
               a
               sharp
               F●●nt
               Stone
               ,
               their
               Weapons
               Bows
               and
               Arrows
               ;
               though
               the
               Dutch
               unfairly
               to
               their
               cost
               ,
               out
               of
               a
               covetous
               Humor
               ,
               traded
               with
               them
               for
               Guns
               ,
               Swords
               ,
               &c.
               shewing
               the
               use
               of
               them
               which
               the
               Indians
               turning
               upon
               their
               quondam
               Owners
               ,
               found
               an
               opportunity
               to
               send
               400
               of
               their
               new
               Guests
               into
               the
               other
               World
               ;
               and
               here
               the
               chief
               Town
               is
               
                 New
                 Amsterdam
              
               ,
               commodiously
               Scituate
               fo●
               Trade
               ,
               and
               the
               Reception
               of
               Shipping
               .
            
             
               FLORIDA
               is
               a
               large
               part
               of
               the
               Mexican
               Province
               ,
               bounded
               on
               the
               North-East
               with
               Virginia
               ;
               on
               the
               East
               with
               
                 Mare
                 Del
                 Noort
              
               ;
               on
               the
               South
               and
               some
               part
               of
               the
               West
               ,
               with
               the
               Golf
               of
               Mexico
               ,
               
               and
               the
               remaining
               part
               of
               the
               West
               with
               
                 New
                 France
              
               ,
               extending
               from
               25
               to
               34
               degrees
               North
               Latitude
               ;
               and
               first
               discovered
               to
               any
               purpose
               under
               the
               Conduct
               of
               
                 Sebastian
                 Cabot
              
               an
               
                 English
                 man
                 ,
                 1497
              
               ,
               and
               now
               mostly
               possessed
               by
               the
               Spaniards
               so
               named
               from
               the
               many
               Flourishing
               Trees
               and
               Flowers
               that
               enammel
               the
               Country
               ;
               the
               Soil
               being
               naturally
               so
               Rich
               ,
               that
               a
               long
               Manuring
               cannot
               impair
               it
               's
               rendering
               60
               fold
               increase
               ;
               so
               that
               they
               have
               two
               Crops
               yearly
               of
               Maize
               ard
               Corn
               ;
               and
               here
               flourish
               most
               sorts
               of
               Fruits
               ,
               as
               Grapes
               ,
               Cherries
               ,
               Mulberries
               ,
               Chesnuts
               ,
               Plumbs
               ,
               &c.
               
               The
               Country
               yielding
               Cattle
               ,
               Fowl
               ,
               Fish
               ,
               and
               many
               Medicinal
               Drugs
               ;
               likewise
               Pearls
               ,
               Precious
               Stones
               ,
               and
               some
               Mines
               of
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               ,
               though
               not
               much
               improved
               .
            
             
               The
               Indians
               Inhabiting
               this
               Tract
               ,
               are
               of
               an
               Olive
               Colour
               ,
               great
               Stature
               and
               well
               proportioned
               going
               mostly
               naked
               ,
               unless
               a
               cover
               made
               for
               their
               Privity
               with
               a
               Stages
               Skin
               ,
               painting
               their
               Arms
               and
               Legs
               with
               divers
               Colours
               not
               to
               be
               washed
               out
               ;
               their
               Hair
               is
               Black
               ,
               hanging
               down
               to
               an
               extraordinary
               length
               ,
               cunning
               and
               much
               desirous
               of
               revenging
               injuries
               ;
               insomuch
               that
               they
               are
               continually
               at
               War
               amongst
               themselves
               ;
               the
               Women
               upon
               the
               Death
               of
               their
               Husbands
               ,
               cut
               their
               Hair
               close
               to
               their
               Ears
               ,
               and
               Marry
               not
               again
               till
               it
               's
               grown
               sufficiently
               long
               to
               cover
               their
               Shoulders
               (
               a
               very
               commendable
               way
               if
               used
               amongst
               us
               ,
               to
               prevent
               our
               over
               hasty
               Widdows
               ,
               who
               are
               frequently
               provided
               before
               hand
               ;
               )
               they
               have
               amongst
               them
               many
               Hermaphrodites
               which
               they
               hold
               in
               such
               detestation
               that
               they
               are
               marked
               out
               for
               Slaves
               as
               soon
               as
               Born
               ;
               and
               though
               they
               have
               a
               kind
               of
               a
               Glimmering
               of
               Immortality
               ,
               yet
               they
               worship
               Idols
               ,
               representing
               the
               Devil
               ;
               and
               when
               
                 Ferdinando
                 Sotto
              
               a
               Spaniard
               ,
               went
               about
               to
               perswade
               them
               he
               was
               sent
               from
               God
               ,
               to
               bring
               them
               to
               places
               of
               Joy
               and
               
               Delight
               ;
               they
               at
               that
               time
               Reflecting
               upon
               the
               Cruelties
               of
               that
               Bloody
               Nation
               ,
               told
               him
               they
               could
               never
               believe
               it
               ,
               forasmuch
               as
               they
               were
               assured
               that
               God
               was
               good
               ,
               and
               never
               would
               send
               any
               amongst
               them
               to
               kill
               ,
               slay
               ,
               and
               do
               all
               manner
               of
               mischief
               ;
               which
               indeed
               is
               not
               one
               of
               the
               least
               causes
               ,
               why
               so
               many
               of
               these
               poor
               Wretches
               ,
               conceiving
               an
               Aversation
               to
               the
               Religion
               for
               the
               wickedness
               of
               the
               Professors
               ,
               remain
               yet
               in
               darkness
               ,
               and
               obstinately
               shut
               their
               Eyes
               against
               the
               Marvelous
               Light
               that
               should
               guide
               them
               to
               Salvation
               :
               As
               for
               the
               chief
               Towns
               ,
               mostly
               Inhabited
               by
               the
               Christians
               (
               for
               the
               Natives
               here
               ,
               as
               in
               other
               parts
               ,
               live
               in
               Woods
               and
               small
               Cottages
               )
               they
               are
               St.
               Helens
               ,
               scituate
               on
               a
               Promontory
               of
               that
               Name
               ;
               
                 Charles
                 Fort
              
               ,
               upon
               the
               Bank
               of
               the
               River
               
                 Maio
                 ;
                 Port
                 Royal
              
               ,
               a
               Haven
               on
               the
               Mouth
               of
               a
               River
               of
               that
               Name
               ;
               Apalc●e
               ,
               formerly
               a
               Town
               of
               Forty
               Cottages
               ,
               taken
               by
               the
               Spaniards
               ,
               and
               plundered
               of
               great
               store
               of
               Wealth
               ;
               
                 Ante
                 ,
                 Ocalis
              
               ,
               St.
               Matthews
               ,
               St.
               Augustines
               ,
               taken
               by
               
                 Drake
                 1585
              
               ,
               from
               the
               Spaniard
               ,
               where
               he
               found
               18
               Brass
               Pieces
               of
               Cannon
               ,
               and
               20000
               Florens
               in
               ready
               Money
               :
               The
               Mountains
               here
               are
               not
               very
               considerable
               ,
               and
               the
               Rivers
               of
               note
               only
               11
               ,
               abound
               with
               Fish
               ,
               where
               the
               Crocodiles
               haunt
               not
               .
            
             
               CALIFORMIA
               is
               another
               Countrey
               of
               the
               Mexicanian
               Province
               or
               Division
               of
               the
               
                 West
                 India's
              
               ,
               comprehending
               a
               vast
               Tract
               of
               Land
               ,
               by
               some
               branched
               under
               divers
               Denominations
               ;
               it
               hath
               on
               the
               East
               some
               parts
               of
               
                 Nova
                 Gallicia
              
               ,
               with
               the
               vast
               undiscovered
               Countreys
               lying
               on
               the
               West
               of
               Canada
               ,
               and
               Virginia
               on
               the
               opposite
               Shoar
               ,
               bounded
               on
               the
               North
               with
               the
               unknown
               parts
               of
               the
               
                 Mexicanian
                 Province
              
               ,
               on
               the
               North
               West
               with
               the
               Streights
               of
               Anian
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               Sea
               interposing
               between
               it
               and
               the
               Island
               called
               
                 Mer
                 Vermiglio
              
               ;
               on
               the
               South
               and
               South
               West
               with
               the
               rest
               
               of
               
                 Nova
                 Gallicia
              
               ,
               divided
               at
               first
               into
               the
               Province
               of
               Quivira
               and
               Cibola
               ;
               the
               former
               of
               these
               taking
               up
               the
               most
               Northern
               parts
               of
               this
               side
               America
               ,
               being
               very
               barren
               in
               the
               extreamest
               North
               ,
               yielding
               few
               Houses
               ,
               Trees
               ,
               or
               Herbage
               ;
               the
               Natives
               Rude
               and
               Savage
               ,
               eating
               Raw
               Flesh
               without
               Chewing
               ,
               Cloathing
               themselves
               in
               Bull
               and
               Cow
               Hides
               ,
               living
               in
               Hoords
               and
               Clanns
               ,
               like
               the
               Tartars
               ,
               and
               are
               thought
               to
               be
               upon
               the
               
                 Tartarian
                 Continent
              
               ;
               but
               the
               Mountains
               of
               Snow
               and
               Ice
               interrupts
               all
               Communication
               between
               the
               Nations
               ;
               but
               more
               Southward
               the
               Countrey
               appears
               green
               and
               pleasant
               ,
               Flourishing
               with
               Herbs
               and
               Trees
               ,
               breeding
               store
               of
               Cattle
               ,
               not
               much
               differing
               from
               those
               of
               Europe
               ,
               for
               bigness
               ,
               tho
               in
               make
               otherwise
               ,
               for
               they
               have
               Bunches
               like
               Camels
               between
               their
               Shoulders
               ,
               and
               Bristles
               ,
               like
               Logs
               upon
               their
               Backs
               ,
               their
               Mains
               like
               that
               of
               a
               Horse
               ,
               and
               Beards
               like
               Goats
               ,
               having
               short
               Horns
               and
               Legs
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               they
               look
               frightful
               to
               those
               that
               first
               behold
               them
               ;
               but
               in
               these
               the
               Natives
               place
               their
               greatest
               Riches
               ,
               making
               them
               serve
               their
               turns
               sundry
               ways
               ,
               as
               their
               Hides
               for
               Cloaths
               and
               the
               Covering
               Houses
               ;
               their
               Bones
               for
               Bodkins
               and
               Needles
               ;
               their
               Hair
               for
               Thread
               ,
               their
               Sinews
               for
               Ropes
               ;
               their
               Horns
               ,
               Maws
               ,
               and
               Bladders
               for
               Vessels
               to
               drink
               in
               ;
               their
               Blood
               for
               Drink
               ;
               and
               the
               Calve-skins
               for
               Budgets
               to
               carry
               Water
               in
               ;
               the
               people
               generally
               Roving
               from
               place
               to
               place
               ,
               and
               seldom
               being
               at
               a
               stay
               .
            
             
               CIBOLA
               ,
               the
               second
               Division
               of
               Califormia
               ,
               lying
               more
               Southward
               ,
               is
               pretty
               Temperate
               ,
               so
               that
               the
               Natives
               go
               Naked
               ,
               unless
               a
               short
               Mantle
               of
               Beasts-skins
               cast
               over
               their
               Shoulders
               ,
               and
               a
               Flap
               to
               hide
               their
               Pri●ities
               :
               As
               for
               Fruit-Trees
               ,
               they
               are
               rarely
               found
               ,
               except
               Cedars
               ,
               of
               which
               they
               make
               their
               Boats
               and
               Fuel
               ;
               yet
               they
               have
               Maize
               and
               small
               white
               Pease
               growing
               Naturally
               ,
               of
               which
               they
               make
               their
               Bread
               ;
               some
               quantity
               of
               Sheep
               they
               
               have
               ,
               and
               as
               for
               Venison
               ,
               though
               they
               have
               store
               ,
               yet
               they
               rarely
               eat
               it
               ,
               but
               rather
               kill
               it
               for
               the
               Skins
               ,
               and
               so
               much
               the
               Woods
               abound
               with
               
                 Lyons
                 ,
                 Bears
              
               ,
               and
               Tygers
               ,
               that
               those
               who
               border
               on
               them
               are
               continually
               obliged
               to
               stand
               upon
               their
               Guard
               ;
               they
               are
               very
               Civil
               to
               Strangers
               ;
               however
               ,
               the
               Spaniards
               ,
               tho
               they
               entered
               this
               Countrey
               ,
               withdrew
               again
               their
               Forces
               ,
               as
               not
               thinking
               the
               Countrey
               worth
               their
               maintaining
               ;
               as
               for
               Cities
               or
               Towns
               there
               are
               none
               of
               note
               .
            
             
               
                 NOVA
                 ALBION
              
               ,
               so
               named
               by
               Sir
               
                 Francis
                 Drake
                 Anno
                 1577.
              
               is
               another
               part
               found
               in
               this
               Tract
               ,
               lying
               about
               38
               degrees
               North
               Latitude
               ,
               which
               renders
               it
               considerably
               Fruitful
               ,
               abounding
               in
               Cattle
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               pleasant
               Pastures
               it
               affords
               ,
               and
               such
               store
               of
               Deer
               and
               Conies
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               greatly
               to
               be
               admired
               ;
               and
               of
               the
               Skins
               of
               these
               ,
               those
               of
               most
               Dignity
               make
               them
               Robes
               ,
               but
               the
               meaner
               sort
               go
               Naked
               ,
               except
               the
               Women
               ,
               who
               have
               only
               an
               Apron
               of
               Bulrushes
               to
               hide
               their
               Privities
               ;
               and
               here
               it
               was
               the
               King
               of
               the
               Countrey
               offered
               up
               his
               Crown
               of
               Net-work
               ,
               and
               Feathers
               ,
               to
               Sir
               
                 Francis
                 Drake
              
               ,
               who
               received
               it
               on
               the
               behalf
               of
               the
               Queen
               of
               England
               ,
               erecting
               a
               Pillar
               and
               fixing
               her
               Arms
               thereon
               ,
               as
               a
               mark
               of
               the
               Countreys
               Subjection
               to
               her
               ,
               naming
               it
               thereupon
               
                 New
                 Albion
              
               .
            
             
               
                 NOVA
                 GALLICIA
              
               ,
               so
               called
               from
               a
               Province
               of
               Spain
               of
               that
               Name
               ,
               to
               which
               it
               is
               likened
               for
               Temperature
               of
               Air
               and
               Production
               ,
               is
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               and
               South
               with
               
                 New
                 Spain
              
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               River
               
                 Buena
                 Guia
              
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               West
               with
               the
               Gulf
               of
               Califormia
               ;
               scituate
               between
               18
               and
               28
               degrees
               of
               North
               Latitude
               ,
               300
               Leagues
               in
               Length
               and
               100
               in
               Breadth
               ;
               the
               Air
               is
               generally
               very
               temperate
               ,
               but
               rather
               inclined
               to
               heat
               than
               cold
               ,
               and
               tho
               often
               the
               Inhabitants
               are
               disturbed
               with
               great
               Storms
               of
               Thunder
               and
               Rain
               ,
               yet
               is
               the
               Air
               very
               healthy
               ,
               so
               that
               no
               Contagious
               Disease
               happens
               
               amongst
               them
               ,
               and
               when
               they
               are
               deficient
               of
               Rains
               ,
               the
               Dews
               refresh
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               the
               Countrey
               withal
               being
               Mountainous
               ,
               affords
               Quarries
               of
               Stone
               and
               Mines
               of
               Brass
               and
               Silver
               ,
               but
               none
               of
               Iron
               or
               Gold
               ,
               and
               amongst
               the
               Metal
               a
               great
               mixture
               of
               Lead
               happens
               ;
               however
               the
               Plains
               wonderfully
               abound
               with
               Corn
               ,
               yield
               Wheat
               60
               fold
               ,
               and
               Maize
               200
               fold
               ;
               they
               have
               Bees
               likewise
               without
               stings
               ,
               who
               make
               their
               Honey
               in
               Trees
               of
               the
               Woods
               to
               great
               quantities
               ;
               and
               here
               grow
               Citrons
               ,
               Figgs
               ,
               Malacotoons
               ,
               Cherries
               ,
               and
               Olives
               ;
               the
               people
               wavering
               and
               inconstant
               ,
               upon
               the
               least
               discontent
               betaking
               themselves
               to
               the
               Woods
               ,
               and
               deserting
               their
               Houses
               ;
               their
               Garments
               being
               for
               the
               most
               part
               Cotton
               Shirts
               ,
               with
               a
               Manle
               over
               it
               ,
               given
               much
               to
               Singing
               and
               Dancing
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               to
               Drinking
               ,
               and
               have
               their
               Tribes
               ,
               whose
               Heads
               Command
               in
               Chief
               ,
               and
               succeed
               Hereditarily
               ,
               yet
               those
               Chiefs
               Commanded
               by
               the
               
                 Spanish
                 Officers
              
               ,
               inhabiting
               those
               parts
               ;
               and
               in
               this
               Tract
               are
               the
               lesser
               Provinces
               of
               
                 Cinaloa
                 ,
                 Conliacan
                 ,
                 Xalisco
                 ,
                 Guadalaiara
                 ,
                 Zacatecas
                 ,
                 New
                 Biscay
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 New
                 Mexicana
              
               :
               All
               of
               them
               ,
               as
               to
               the
               Natives
               and
               Quality
               of
               the
               Countreys
               ,
               little
               differing
               ,
               the
               greater
               part
               of
               them
               Commanded
               in
               Chief
               by
               the
               Spaniards
               ,
               to
               whom
               the
               Petty
               Princes
               and
               Governours
               of
               the
               Natives
               are
               Subservient
               and
               Tributary
               ,
               and
               have
               for
               their
               Chief
               Towns
               ,
               St.
               Philip
               and
               Jacob
               ,
               St.
               
                 John
                 de
                 Cinaloa
                 ,
                 Pistala
                 ,
                 Xalisco
                 ,
                 Nombre
                 de
                 Dios
                 ,
              
               plundered
               of
               great
               Treasure
               by
               Sir
               
                 Francis
                 Drake
              
               ,
               St.
               Lewis
               ,
               St.
               Barbara
               and
               Chia
               ,
               every
               one
               the
               Chief
               of
               Province
               ,
               and
               hold
               some
               Trade
               ,
               tho
               not
               considerable
               ,
               the
               Spaniards
               not
               desiring
               to
               have
               Commerce
               with
               any
               other
               Nation
               ,
               nor
               suffer
               the
               Natives
               to
               do
               it
               ,
               lest
               they
               should
               be
               incroached
               upon
               ;
               for
               they
               hold
               the
               poor
               ignorant
               people
               in
               hand
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               the
               most
               powerful
               Lords
               of
               all
               Europe
               ,
               and
               the
               invincible
               People
               of
               the
               World.
               
            
             
             
               
                 NOVA
                 HISPANIA
              
               ,
               or
               
                 New
                 Spain
              
               ,
               is
               another
               large
               Countrey
               ,
               in
               the
               
                 Mexicanian
                 Province
              
               ,
               bounded
               on
               the
               East
               with
               an
               Arm
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               called
               the
               Bay
               of
               
                 New
                 Spain
              
               and
               Gulf
               of
               Mexico
               ;
               on
               the
               South
               with
               part
               of
               
                 Nova
                 Gallicia
              
               and
               
                 Mare
                 del
                 Zur
              
               ;
               on
               the
               North
               with
               the
               rest
               of
               Gallicia
               ,
               some
               part
               of
               Florida
               and
               the
               Gulf
               on
               the
               South
               of
               
                 Mare
                 del
                 Zur
              
               ;
               or
               rather
               the
               South
               Sea
               ,
               and
               is
               so
               called
               ,
               in
               reference
               to
               Spain
               in
               Europe
               ,
               extending
               from
               the
               15th
               degree
               of
               Latitude
               to
               the
               26th
               .
               Measuring
               on
               the
               East
               side
               from
               the
               Bay
               of
               Mexico
               to
               the
               North
               of
               Panuco
               ,
               but
               less
               by
               6
               degrees
               ,
               if
               the
               Measure
               be
               taken
               to
               the
               West
               side
               ,
               and
               tho
               it
               is
               scituate
               under
               the
               Torrid
               Zone
               ,
               yet
               the
               Air
               is
               very
               Temperate
               ,
               by
               reason
               the
               Heats
               are
               allayed
               by
               the
               Cooling
               Briezes
               that
               come
               from
               off
               the
               Seas
               on
               Three
               sides
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               the
               Ground
               being
               Cooled
               by
               the
               Showers
               that
               seasonably
               fall
               in
               
                 June
                 ,
                 July
              
               ,
               and
               August
               ,
               when
               the
               Weather
               is
               at
               the
               hottest
               ;
               and
               here
               are
               found
               Rich
               Mines
               of
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               ,
               some
               of
               Brass
               and
               Iron
               ,
               great
               plenty
               of
               
                 Coco
                 Nuts
              
               ,
               store
               of
               Cassia
               ,
               and
               vast
               quantities
               of
               Cocheneal
               growing
               upon
               Shrubs
               or
               little
               Trees
               ,
               planted
               by
               the
               Natives
               and
               Spaniards
               ;
               they
               have
               likewise
               store
               of
               Wheat
               ,
               Pulse
               ,
               B●rley
               ,
               Plants
               ,
               Roots
               ,
               Oranges
               ,
               Lemons
               ,
               Pomegranats
               ,
               Malacotoons
               ,
               Figgs
               ,
               Apples
               ,
               Pears
               ,
               Grapes
               ,
               Birds
               and
               Beasts
               ,
               both
               Wild
               and
               Tame
               ,
               almost
               of
               all
               sorts
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               hottest
               part
               of
               this
               Countrey
               ,
               their
               Seed
               time
               is
               in
               April
               ,
               and
               their
               Harvest
               in
               October
               ;
               but
               in
               colder
               places
               ,
               lying
               low
               and
               moist
               ,
               they
               Sow
               in
               October
               and
               Reap
               in
               May
               ,
               by
               which
               crossing
               ,
               they
               are
               Supplied
               with
               Two
               Harvests
               in
               a
               Year
               .
            
             
               The
               Natives
               of
               this
               Tract
               are
               more
               Ingenious
               than
               any
               other
               of
               the
               Salvages
               ,
               giving
               themselves
               up
               to
               Curious
               Arts
               ,
               especially
               to
               the
               making
               of
               Feather
               Pictures
               ,
               which
               they
               perform
               so
               lively
               without
               Dying
               the
               Feathers
               ,
               but
               taking
               them
               in
               
               their
               natural
               Colours
               ,
               that
               they
               will
               imitate
               Men
               ,
               Beasts
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               thing
               ,
               so
               lively
               ,
               that
               at
               a
               very
               small
               distance
               ,
               any
               one
               not
               knowing
               the
               contrary
               ,
               would
               verily
               believe
               them
               to
               be
               drawn
               by
               the
               most
               Curious
               Master
               with
               a
               Pencil
               ,
               &c.
               
               Working
               in
               Gold
               more
               neat
               and
               dextrous
               than
               any
               Europeans
               ,
               yet
               so
               little
               esteeming
               it
               ,
               that
               at
               the
               first
               coming
               of
               the
               Spaniards
               ,
               they
               Barter'd
               it
               for
               Knives
               ,
               Beads
               Bells
               ,
               and
               such
               inconsiderable
               Matters
               ,
               and
               not
               having
               been
               used
               to
               Ride
               on
               Horse-back
               ,
               they
               took
               their
               new
               come
               Guests
               for
               Centaurs
               ;
               they
               were
               exceeding
               Populous
               ,
               which
               appears
               by
               the
               Spaniards
               ,
               having
               destroyed
               Six
               millions
               of
               them
               in
               17
               Years
               ,
               Roasting
               some
               ,
               plucking
               out
               the
               Eyes
               of
               others
               ,
               Consuming
               them
               in
               their
               Mines
               ,
               and
               Inhumanly
               casting
               them
               amongst
               Wild
               Beasts
               to
               be
               devoured
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               the
               Women
               ,
               many
               of
               them
               not
               only
               refused
               the
               means
               for
               Generation
               ,
               but
               such
               as
               found
               themselves
               pregnant
               ,
               destroyed
               their
               Children
               in
               the
               Womb
               ,
               that
               they
               might
               not
               be
               brought
               up
               to
               serve
               so
               Bloody
               a
               Nation
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               great
               Province
               of
               
                 New
                 Spain
              
               ,
               are
               found
               the
               lesser
               Provinces
               of
               
                 Panuco
                 ,
                 Mechuacan
                 ,
                 Mexicana
                 ,
                 Thascala
                 ,
                 Guaxaca
                 ,
              
               and
               Jucatan
               ,
               all
               plentifully
               abounding
               with
               the
               pride
               of
               Art
               and
               Nature
               ;
               the
               whole
               Province
               taking
               its
               name
               from
               Mexico
               ,
               a
               great
               City
               upon
               a
               Lake
               ,
               as
               likewise
               all
               that
               I
               have
               hitherto
               written
               relating
               to
               this
               
                 New
                 World
              
               ,
               and
               because
               the
               taking
               of
               this
               City
               proved
               of
               such
               Importance
               to
               the
               Spaniard
               ,
               we
               think
               it
               not
               amiss
               to
               give
               a
               brief
               Relation
               of
               it
               ,
               viz.
               
            
             
               
                 Hervando
                 Cortz
              
               ,
               born
               in
               Medeline
               a
               Town
               of
               Estremadure
               ,
               a
               Province
               of
               
                 Old
                 Spain
              
               ,
               rising
               from
               an
               obscure
               Birth
               to
               become
               a
               private
               Adventurer
               in
               these
               parts
               ,
               raised
               by
               Industry
               his
               Fortune
               to
               so
               high
               a
               pitch
               ,
               that
               with
               the
               help
               of
               his
               Friends
               ,
               he
               Manned
               Eleven
               Ships
               ,
               with
               550
               Men
               ,
               and
               after
               some
               contending
               with
               the
               Seas
               ,
               arrived
               at
               the
               Island
               
               now
               called
               
                 Sancta
                 Crux
              
               ,
               and
               passing
               up
               the
               River
               Tabasco
               ,
               sacked
               Potonchon
               a
               small
               Town
               on
               the
               Banks
               of
               it
               ,
               upon
               the
               Inhabitants
               refusing
               to
               sell
               him
               Victuals
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               help
               of
               his
               Horse
               and
               Cannon
               ,
               put
               to
               the
               Rout
               an
               Army
               of
               40000
               of
               the
               Salvages
               ,
               and
               so
               receiving
               the
               King
               a
               Vassal
               to
               the
               Crown
               of
               Spain
               ,
               he
               passed
               onwards
               towards
               the
               Golden
               Mines
               ,
               Landing
               at
               St.
               
                 John
                 de
                 Vllo
              
               ,
               where
               he
               was
               met
               by
               order
               of
               the
               Governour
               of
               the
               King
               of
               Mexico
               ,
               with
               rich
               presents
               of
               Gold
               and
               other
               rich
               Things
               ,
               which
               so
               inflamed
               him
               ,
               that
               forgetting
               the
               Civility
               ,
               he
               found
               means
               to
               pick
               a
               quarrel
               with
               the
               King
               ,
               by
               building
               Forts
               in
               the
               Countrey
               ,
               and
               claiming
               it
               for
               Charles
               the
               Fifth
               ,
               King
               of
               Spain
               and
               Emperour
               of
               Germany
               ,
               and
               getting
               the
               Flasc●lians
               on
               his
               part
               ,
               a
               party
               of
               the
               Natives
               who
               were
               at
               variance
               with
               the
               King
               of
               Mexico
               ,
               and
               increasing
               ,
               his
               Spaniards
               by
               such
               as
               he
               found
               in
               the
               Countrey
               ,
               to
               900
               Foot
               and
               80
               Horse
               ,
               he
               with
               the
               whole
               Force
               of
               the
               Flascalians
               ,
               being
               100000
               Men
               ,
               and
               the
               help
               of
               17
               Pieces
               of
               Cannon
               ,
               13
               Galliots
               ,
               and
               6000
               Cnoa's
               or
               Boats
               ,
               besieged
               that
               great
               City
               by
               Land
               and
               Water
               ,
               and
               in
               13
               Months
               took
               ,
               sacked
               ,
               and
               burnt
               it
               ,
               by
               which
               means
               this
               Rich
               Kin
               ,
               〈◊〉
               fell
               to
               the
               Spaniards
               .
            
             
               GVATIMALIA
               is
               another
               large
               Tract
               in
               the
               Mexicanian
               Province
               ,
               bounded
               on
               the
               North
               with
               Jucatan
               and
               the
               Gulf
               of
               Honduras
               ;
               on
               the
               South
               with
               
                 Mare
                 del
                 Zur
              
               ;
               on
               the
               East
               or
               South
               East
               with
               
                 Castela
                 Aurea
              
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               West
               with
               
                 New
                 Spain
              
               ;
               extended
               300
               Leagues
               upon
               the
               Coast
               of
               
                 Mare
                 del
                 Zur
              
               ,
               but
               upon
               straight
               measure
               not
               above
               240
               ,
               and
               in
               breadth
               about
               180
               Leagues
               ,
               comprehending
               the
               lesser
               Provinces
               of
               
                 Chiapa
                 ,
                 Verapaz
                 ,
                 Guatimala
              
               ,
               properly
               so
               called
               ,
               and
               from
               which
               the
               whole
               Tract
               takes
               its
               Name
               ;
               
                 Hondura
                 ,
                 Nicaragua
                 ,
                 Veragua
              
               ;
               and
               has
               for
               its
               Chief
               Towns
               
                 Civida
                 Real
              
               ,
               St.
               Augustines
               ,
               St.
               Salvador
               ,
               St.
               
                 Jago
                 de
                 Guatimala
              
               ,
               
               St.
               
                 Maria
                 de
                 Comyagena
                 ,
                 Leon
                 de
                 Nicaragua
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 La
                 Trinidada
              
               ,
               with
               divers
               others
               of
               lesser
               Note
               .
            
             
               This
               part
               of
               Mexicana
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               its
               nearness
               of
               Scituation
               to
               the
               Line
               ,
               is
               Fruitful
               in
               all
               parts
               ,
               unless
               where
               the
               Rocky
               Hills
               thrust
               up
               their
               heads
               abounding
               with
               Fruit
               ,
               Trees
               ,
               Corn
               ,
               Cattle
               ,
               Foul
               ,
               Fish
               ,
               and
               Mines
               of
               Gold
               ,
               Silver
               ,
               and
               Brass
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               Rivers
               ,
               which
               are
               considerable
               ,
               much
               Gold
               is
               found
               ,
               as
               washed
               from
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               and
               here
               the
               Natives
               bear
               the
               Spanish
               Yoke
               more
               uneasily
               than
               in
               other
               parts
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             A
             Description
             of
             the
             Peruanian
             Province
             ,
             or
             the
             Second
             Devision
             of
             America
             .
          
           
             THis
             great
             Province
             ,
             divided
             into
             many
             lesser
             ,
             resembles
             a
             Pyramid
             Reverse
             more
             properly
             so
             than
             Africk
             ,
             joyned
             to
             that
             we
             have
             mentioned
             by
             the
             Isthmus
             or
             Streights
             of
             Darien
             ,
             deriving
             its
             Name
             from
             Peru
             the
             Chief
             Province
             of
             the
             whole
             ,
             which
             stands
             thus
             divided
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             is
             hitherto
             Inhabited
             by
             the
             Spaniards
             or
             other
             
               Europeans
               ,
               viz.
               Castela
               Aurea
            
             ,
             the
             new
             Realm
             of
             
               Granada
               ,
               Peru
               ,
               Chiel
               ,
               Paragnay
               ,
               Brasil
               ,
               Guyana
               ,
            
             and
             Paria
             ,
             not
             accounting
             the
             Islands
             ,
             which
             are
             reserved
             for
             another
             place
             ;
             and
             as
             for
             the
             boundards
             in
             general
             ,
             having
             already
             described
             them
             ;
             we
             now
             proceed
             to
             describe
             the
             particular
             Provinces
             ,
             and
             of
             them
             in
             their
             order
             ,
             viz.
             
          
           
           
             
               CASTELA
               DELORE
            
             ,
             or
             
               Castela
               Aurea
            
             ,
             is
             bounded
             on
             the
             West
             with
             
               Mare
               del
               Zur
            
             and
             some
             part
             of
             Virginia
             ;
             on
             the
             South
             with
             the
             New
             Realm
             of
             Granada
             ;
             on
             the
             East
             and
             North
             with
             
               Mare
               del
               Noort
            
             ,
             called
             Castile
             ,
             in
             reference
             to
             that
             in
             Spain
             ,
             as
             being
             discovered
             by
             the
             Influence
             of
             those
             Kings
             ,
             and
             Aurea
             added
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             abundance
             of
             Gold
             found
             there
             ,
             and
             contains
             
               Panama
               ,
               Darien
               ,
               Nova
               ,
               Andaluzia
               ,
            
             St.
             Martha
             ,
             and
             the
             Provinces
             
               De
               La
               Hacha
            
             ,
             the
             Air
             in
             most
             parts
             is
             very
             Healthful
             ,
             especially
             to
             those
             that
             have
             been
             there
             for
             any
             considerable
             time
             ,
             or
             born
             there
             ;
             however
             the
             In-land
             Countrey
             is
             thinly
             peopled
             ,
             by
             reason
             the
             Spaniards
             upon
             their
             first
             settling
             there
             ,
             destroyed
             in
             a
             manner
             the
             whole
             Race
             of
             the
             Natives
             ,
             whose
             Assistance
             now
             they
             want
             to
             Manure
             the
             Soil
             ;
             there
             were
             likewise
             found
             at
             their
             first
             Coming
             ,
             an
             extraordinary
             number
             of
             Swine
             ,
             which
             they
             also
             destroyed
             and
             suffered
             to
             rot
             upon
             the
             ground
             in
             such
             multitudes
             ,
             that
             now
             ,
             tho
             they
             would
             fain
             retrieve
             that
             loss
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             in
             their
             power
             ;
             however
             the
             Earth
             brings
             forth
             a
             considerable
             Encrease
             ,
             where
             the
             Fields
             and
             Valleys
             are
             found
             ,
             tho
             the
             Countrey
             abounds
             with
             barren
             Mountains
             and
             Woods
             ,
             so
             that
             in
             this
             Province
             ,
             besides
             the
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             that
             are
             found
             ,
             enriching
             the
             people
             with
             great
             Treasure
             ;
             they
             have
             Corn
             ,
             Wine
             ,
             Oyl
             ,
             Mellons
             ,
             Balsom
             ,
             sundry
             sorts
             of
             Drugs
             and
             Trees
             of
             sundry
             kinds
             ,
             producing
             Fruits
             different
             from
             what
             are
             found
             in
             Europe
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             Province
             of
             
               A
               daluzia
            
             ,
             the
             Spaniards
             upon
             their
             Arrival
             ,
             greedy
             of
             Gold
             ,
             found
             in
             the
             Graves
             of
             the
             Dead
             ,
             which
             were
             brought
             from
             all
             parts
             to
             be
             buried
             there
             ,
             as
             held
             to
             be
             the
             most
             Sacred
             ground
             ,
             so
             much
             Treasure
             ,
             that
             for
             a
             time
             they
             took
             no
             care
             to
             dig
             it
             out
             of
             the
             Mountains
             :
             As
             for
             the
             People
             Inhabiting
             this
             Tract
             ,
             they
             are
             mostly
             Spaniards
             ,
             those
             few
             Natives
             that
             are
             left
             ,
             being
             in
             a
             manner
             their
             Slaves
             :
             The
             
             Countrey
             is
             full
             of
             great
             Rivers
             ,
             as
             
               Rio
               de
               Lagartus
            
             ,
             the
             River
             of
             
               Crocodiles
               ;
               Sardinila
               ,
               Sardino
               ,
               Riode
               Comagres
               ,
               Rio
               de
               Colubros
               ,
            
             and
             others
             ,
             being
             in
             many
             places
             overspread
             by
             the
             Spurs
             of
             the
             great
             Mountain
             Andes
             ,
             held
             to
             be
             as
             big
             as
             any
             in
             the
             World.
             
          
           
             The
             Chief
             Towns
             in
             this
             Province
             are
             
               Panama
               ,
               Darien
            
             ,
             on
             the
             bank
             of
             the
             Gulf
             of
             
               Vmbra
               ;
               Carthage●a
            
             ,
             scituate
             in
             a
             Sandy
             Peninsula
             ,
             and
             consisting
             of
             500
             Houses
             ;
             St.
             Martha
             scituate
             on
             the
             shoars
             of
             the
             Ocean
             ;
             Lahach
             ,
             scituate
             upon
             a
             River
             of
             that
             name
             ;
             all
             of
             them
             under
             the
             Power
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             governed
             according
             to
             the
             Laws
             of
             Spain
             ,
             to
             which
             the
             Natives
             are
             obliged
             to
             submit
             .
          
           
             
               NOVA
               GRANADA
            
             ,
             or
             the
             New
             Realm
             of
             Granada
             ,
             lies
             on
             the
             North
             of
             
               Castela
               Aurea
            
             ,
             being
             about
             130
             Leagues
             in
             Length
             ,
             and
             not
             much
             less
             in
             Breadth
             ,
             and
             is
             divided
             into
             Granada
             and
             Popayana
             ;
             the
             Air
             for
             the
             most
             part
             well
             ,
             with
             a
             mixture
             of
             Heat
             and
             Cold
             ,
             but
             more
             of
             the
             former
             ;
             neither
             differ
             the
             days
             any
             thing
             considerably
             in
             length
             ;
             the
             Countrey
             extreamly
             Woody
             ,
             and
             somewhat
             Mountainous
             ;
             yet
             stored
             with
             Fertile
             Plains
             ,
             and
             breeds
             a
             number
             of
             Cattle
             ,
             affording
             Veins
             of
             Gold
             and
             other
             Mettals
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             part
             of
             it
             called
             Tunia
             ,
             are
             found
             Emeralds
             of
             great
             value
             :
             The
             Natives
             that
             are
             yet
             remaining
             ,
             go
             very
             decent
             ,
             and
             are
             by
             their
             Conversation
             with
             the
             Spaniards
             (
             amongst
             whom
             they
             live
             in
             small
             Towns
             )
             much
             Civiliz'd
             ;
             the
             Women
             being
             more
             White
             and
             Comly
             than
             in
             any
             other
             part
             ,
             very
             Industrious
             ,
             Tall
             ,
             and
             well
             Proportioned
             ,
             most
             of
             them
             embracing
             the
             
               Roman
               Catholick
               Religion
            
             ,
             much
             delighting
             in
             Singing
             and
             Dancing
             ▪
             and
             as
             for
             the
             Chief
             Towns
             in
             this
             Province
             ,
             are
             they
             St.
             Foy
             an
             Arch-bishops
             See
             ;
             St.
             Michael
             a
             Market
             Town
             ,
             well
             Traded
             to
             ;
             Trinidado
             seated
             on
             the
             River
             of
             that
             name
             ;
             whose
             Fields
             are
             ful●
             of
             Vines
             of
             Chrystal
             ,
             Emeralds
             ,
             Adaments
             ,
             and
             
             Chalcedons
             ;
             
               Tunia
               ,
               Pampelonia
               ,
               Papayan
            
             ,
             the
             u●●al
             Residence
             of
             a
             Governour
             ,
             and
             a
             Bishops
             See
             :
             
               Antiochia
               ,
               Carthage
               ,
               Sebastian
               de
               la
               Plata
               ,
            
             so
             called
             from
             the
             Silver
             Mines
             in
             its
             Neighbourhood
             ,
             with
             some
             others
             of
             less
             note
             :
             As
             for
             the
             Rivers
             and
             Mountains
             ,
             most
             of
             them
             want
             names
             ,
             wherefore
             for
             brevities
             sake
             ,
             we
             pass
             over
             any
             tedious
             Enquiry
             into
             them
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             this
             Province
             ,
             it
             had
             its
             Name
             given
             by
             
               Gons●lvo
               Ximenes
               de
               Quesada
            
             ,
             in
             reference
             to
             Granada
             in
             Spain
             ,
             who
             having
             Murthered
             (
             contrary
             to
             Faith
             given
             )
             Sangipa
             the
             last
             King
             of
             Bagota
             ,
             whom
             he
             had
             made
             use
             of
             in
             subduing
             the
             Panches
             ,
             he
             seized
             his
             Treasure
             ,
             which
             amounted
             to
             191294
             Pezoes
             of
             fine
             Gold
             ,
             35000
             of
             courser
             Allay
             ,
             and
             1800
             large
             Emeralds
             ;
             by
             which
             the
             Riches
             of
             the
             Province
             may
             be
             guessed
             .
          
           
             PERV
             lying
             South
             of
             the
             former
             Province
             ,
             is
             accounted
             in
             Length
             700
             Leagues
             ,
             but
             disproportional
             in
             Breadth
             ,
             as
             not
             exceeding
             in
             some
             places
             60
             and
             40
             Leagues
             ,
             tho
             in
             others
             100
             ,
             and
             is
             divided
             into
             three
             parts
             ,
             but
             so
             differing
             in
             nature
             and
             quality
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             were
             at
             a
             larger
             dis●ance
             from
             each
             other
             ,
             being
             called
             the
             Plains
             ,
             th●
             Hill
             Countreys
             and
             the
             Andes
             ;
             the
             first
             extending
             on
             the
             Sea
             shore
             ,
             in
             all
             places
             level
             ,
             without
             Hills
             ;
             the
             second
             composed
             of
             Hills
             and
             Plains
             ,
             stre●ching
             out
             from
             North
             to
             South
             ;
             the
             whole
             Length
             of
             the
             Province
             ;
             and
             the
             third
             a
             continual
             Ridg
             o●
             huge
             Mountains
             without
             any
             Valleys
             ;
             however
             ,
             ●ho
             the
             Mountains
             and
             Hills
             are
             Woody
             ,
             or
             otherways
             Barren
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             Minerals
             ,
             yet
             the
             Plains
             and
             Valleys
             produce
             store
             of
             Corn
             ,
             Fruit
             ,
             and
             Herbage
             ,
             Flourishing
             with
             an
             Eternal
             Spring
             ,
             the
             Southerly
             Wind
             continually
             blowing
             on
             them
             ,
             bringing
             no
             Rain
             ,
             though
             on
             the
             Mountains
             all
             manner
             of
             Winds
             have
             power
             ,
             and
             bring
             Rain
             ,
             Thunder
             ,
             and
             Fair
             Weather
             by
             turns
             ,
             as
             in
             other
             
             Countries
             ,
             and
             to
             supply
             the
             want
             of
             Cattle
             ,
             they
             have
             in
             the
             Woods
             and
             Mountains
             ,
             a
             Beast
             like
             a
             Goat
             called
             Vicagues
             ,
             and
             a
             kind
             of
             Sheep
             as
             big
             as
             young
             Bullocks
             ;
             bearing
             large
             Fleeces
             ,
             which
             they
             use
             as
             Horses
             ,
             to
             carry
             their
             burthens
             ;
             but
             if
             at
             any
             time
             they
             find
             themselves
             over-laden
             ,
             neither
             force
             nor
             fair
             means
             can
             oblige
             them
             to
             move
             forward
             ,
             before
             they
             are
             alleviated
             ,
             living
             upon
             slender
             diet
             ,
             and
             will
             sometimes
             Journy
             three
             days
             without
             Water
             ;
             and
             amongst
             Plants
             ,
             the
             Fig-Tree
             in
             this
             Country
             has
             a
             strange
             effect
             ,
             viz.
             the
             North
             part
             looking
             towards
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             bringeth
             forth
             Fruit
             in
             the
             Summer
             only
             ,
             and
             the
             South
             part
             looking
             towards
             the
             Sea
             in
             the
             Winter
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             Province
             grow
             Coco's
             in
             great
             plenty
             ,
             whose
             Leaves
             dryed
             in
             little
             Pellets
             ,
             satisfie
             Hunger
             and
             Thirst
             ,
             and
             are
             a
             great
             part
             of
             the
             diet
             the
             Spaniards
             afford
             their
             poor
             Slaves
             in
             the
             Mines
             ,
             so
             that
             it
             is
             said
             100000
             Baskets
             full
             of
             them
             have
             been
             devoured
             in
             a
             year
             at
             the
             Mines
             of
             Petosia
             ;
             and
             a
             plant
             they
             have
             ,
             by
             which
             they
             try
             sick
             Persons
             ,
             whether
             they
             will
             live
             or
             dye
             ,
             for
             if
             the
             Patient
             look
             chearful
             when
             it
             is
             fast
             grasped
             in
             his
             hand
             ,
             then
             is
             it
             a
             sign
             of
             Recovery
             ,
             but
             if
             sad
             ,
             the
             contrary
             ;
             and
             have
             Beasts
             called
             a
             Huanacu's
             ,
             the
             Males
             of
             which
             stand
             Centinals
             upon
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             whilest
             the
             Females
             descend
             and
             feed
             in
             the
             Valleys
             ;
             and
             if
             they
             perceive
             any
             man
             approaching
             them
             ,
             they
             give
             warning
             ,
             by
             making
             a
             terrible
             noise
             ;
             and
             hastily
             running
             to
             their
             assistance
             ,
             interpose
             their
             Bodies
             till
             they
             make
             their
             retreat
             ;
             and
             many
             other
             things
             are
             found
             worthy
             of
             note
             ;
             and
             the
             whole
             Province
             is
             divided
             properly
             into
             three
             juridical
             Resorts
             ,
             viz.
             
               Quito
               ,
               Lima
            
             and
             Charcas
             ,
             these
             having
             under
             them
             other
             Divisions
             of
             lesser
             note
             ,
             as
             
               Las-Quixos
               ,
               Cusco
               ,
               Collao
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
           
             As
             for
             the
             People
             they
             were
             not
             so
             ignorant
             ,
             upon
             the
             first
             Arrival
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             of
             Letters
             ,
             whereby
             they
             might
             acquaint
             themselves
             with
             other
             parts
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             but
             that
             they
             labour
             to
             keep
             them
             so
             still
             ,
             that
             they
             through
             Ignorance
             may
             the
             better
             brook
             their
             Yoak
             ;
             however
             they
             are
             couragious
             and
             industrious
             ,
             fearless
             of
             Death
             ,
             animated
             to
             contemn
             Life
             in
             hopes
             in
             the
             other
             World
             to
             live
             in
             Luxury
             and
             Riot
             ,
             and
             injoy
             delicate
             Women
             ;
             so
             that
             when
             any
             of
             their
             Chiefs
             or
             petty
             Princes
             die
             ,
             some
             of
             his
             Servants
             willingly
             submit
             to
             be
             Buried
             with
             him
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             wait
             upon
             him
             afterward
             ;
             some
             of
             them
             dwelling
             in
             the
             most
             Mountainous
             parts
             ,
             go
             half
             naked
             ;
             but
             the
             rest
             have
             long
             Mantles
             reaching
             to
             their
             heels
             ,
             though
             in
             dressing
             their
             Heads
             they
             differ
             ,
             each
             having
             a
             peculiar
             Fashion
             :
             And
             to
             guess
             at
             the
             Riches
             of
             this
             Country
             by
             some
             part
             of
             it
             ,
             't
             is
             affirmed
             ,
             that
             the
             Mines
             of
             Petozi
             ,
             discovered
             in
             the
             year
             1545.
             afforded
             for
             the
             Kings
             Fifth's
             payable
             to
             his
             Exchequer
             111
             Millions
             of
             Pezoes
             of
             Silver
             ,
             every
             one
             valued
             at
             
               6
               s.
               6
               d.
            
             of
             our
             money
             ,
             and
             yet
             a
             third
             part
             of
             the
             whole
             was
             discharged
             of
             that
             payment
             ;
             and
             in
             some
             parts
             as
             much
             Gold
             is
             digged
             as
             Earth
             ,
             &c.
             
             As
             for
             the
             Rivers
             of
             most
             note
             ,
             they
             are
             St.
             
               Jago
               ,
               Tombez
               ,
               Guagaquil
            
             ,
             and
             others
             of
             lesser
             note
             .
             The
             Towns
             are
             principally
             
               Carangues
               ,
               Peru
               ,
               Cusco
               ,
               Andreo
               ,
               Truxilo
               ,
               Archidona
               ,
               Baeza
               ,
               Lima
               ,
               Collao
               ,
               Potozi
               ,
               Plata
               ,
               Chiquita
               ,
            
             with
             others
             ;
             but
             to
             draw
             to
             a
             conclusion
             of
             this
             rich
             Province
             ,
             we
             need
             only
             say
             for
             a
             further
             Demonstration
             ,
             that
             when
             Atabalaba
             was
             overcome
             by
             Pizarro
             and
             his
             Spaniards
             ,
             he
             gave
             (
             besides
             what
             infinite
             Sums
             the
             Spaniards
             had
             plundered
             before
             )
             for
             his
             Ransom
             ,
             a
             large
             Room
             full
             of
             Gold
             piled
             up
             to
             the
             Ceiling
             ;
             yet
             this
             prevailed
             not
             with
             those
             Unchristian
             like
             Christians
             ,
             for
             falling
             out
             about
             the
             sharing
             ,
             and
             willing
             to
             conceal
             it
             from
             the
             
             King
             of
             Spain
             ;
             they
             notwithstanding
             contrary
             to
             their
             Oaths
             and
             promises
             ,
             Strangled
             that
             poor
             Peruanian
             Prince
             ,
             the
             last
             of
             the
             Race
             of
             the
             Inga's
             ,
             or
             Emperors
             of
             Peru
             ;
             for
             which
             violation
             and
             perfidy
             ,
             God
             was
             not
             slow
             in
             punishing
             them
             all
             that
             were
             concerned
             in
             it
             ,
             dying
             a
             miserable
             and
             untimely
             death
             :
             And
             in
             this
             Kings
             Pallace
             at
             Cusco
             ,
             all
             his
             Utensils
             were
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             even
             to
             his
             Kitchen
             Furniture
             ,
             and
             in
             his
             Ward-robe
             were
             found
             Statues
             of
             Giants
             ,
             the
             Figures
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             Fish
             ,
             Birds
             ,
             Plants
             ,
             &c.
             in
             their
             proper
             shape
             and
             largeness
             of
             the
             same
             Mettal
             ;
             and
             thus
             much
             for
             
               Peru
               ,
               &c.
            
             whose
             Gold
             proved
             the
             ruin
             of
             the
             Natives
             ,
             and
             the
             Impoverishment
             of
             
               Old
               Spain
            
             .
          
           
             CHILE
             ,
             is
             on
             the
             North
             bounded
             with
             the
             Desart
             of
             Alacama
             Interposing
             between
             it
             and
             Peru
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             with
             
               Mare
               del
               Zur
            
             ;
             on
             the
             South
             with
             the
             Magellan
             Streights
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             East
             as
             far
             as
             
               Rio
               dela
               Plata
            
             ,
             with
             the
             main
             Atlantick
             Ocean
             ,
             Scituate
             in
             the
             temperate
             Zone
             ,
             beyond
             the
             Tropick
             of
             Capricorn
             ;
             if
             we
             reckoned
             to
             it
             some
             other
             Countries
             bordering
             on
             the
             Atlantick
             ,
             not
             yet
             fully
             discovered
             called
             Chile
             or
             I
             hil
             from
             the
             extream
             cold
             it
             indures
             ,
             when
             the
             Sun
             is
             in
             our
             Summer
             Solstice
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             reported
             Horses
             and
             Riders
             in
             the
             extream
             parts
             are
             often
             Frozen
             to
             death
             ,
             or
             lost
             in
             the
             Snows
             ,
             which
             extreams
             on
             this
             side
             ,
             and
             beyond
             the
             Equinoctial
             demonstrates
             the
             Continent
             of
             America
             to
             be
             larger
             than
             Asia
             ;
             the
             Soil
             of
             this
             Tract
             in
             the
             mid-land
             parts
             is
             Mountainous
             and
             unfruitful
             ,
             but
             towards
             the
             Sea-side
             ,
             level
             and
             full
             of
             Trees
             abounding
             with
             Gold
             Silver
             ,
             Honey
             ,
             Cattle
             ,
             Wine
             ,
             Maize
             ,
             Corn
             ,
             &c.
             
             The
             Natives
             are
             of
             a
             Gigantick
             Stature
             ,
             but
             very
             civil
             ,
             if
             not
             too
             much
             provoked
             ;
             cloathing
             themselves
             with
             Skins
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             and
             Arming
             with
             Bows
             and
             Arrows
             ;
             shaggy
             Haired
             ,
             and
             whiter
             of
             Complexion
             than
             any
             we
             have
             yet
             spoken
             of
             
             in
             the
             
               Peruanan
               Provin●●s
            
             ;
             and
             the
             Countrey
             is
             Watered
             with
             the
             Rivers
             of
             
               Rio
               de
               Copayapo
               ,
               Rio
               de
               Coquimbo
               ,
               La
               Ligna
               ,
               Canten
               ,
               Cacapool
               ,
               Topocalma
               ,
            
             and
             some
             others
             of
             lesser
             note
             ,
             especially
             one
             ,
             though
             we
             find
             not
             the
             name
             ,
             which
             falls
             into
             the
             Sea
             with
             a
             violent
             Torrent
             all
             day
             ,
             but
             in
             the
             night
             its
             Channel
             is
             dry
             ,
             and
             the
             reason
             is
             ,
             it
             has
             its
             Waters
             from
             the
             melted
             Snow
             falling
             from
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             which
             cease
             when
             the
             Sun
             is
             gone
             down
             :
             The
             Towns
             of
             note
             in
             Chile
             and
             Magellanica
             ,
             for
             into
             these
             two
             parts
             is
             the
             Province
             divided
             ,
             are
             St.
             Jago
             the
             Chief
             ,
             tho
             not
             above
             80
             Houses
             in
             it
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             the
             Residence
             of
             the
             Governour
             and
             Court
             of
             Judicature
             .
             Serena
             on
             the
             Sea-shoar
             ,
             having
             in
             it
             about
             200
             Houses
             ,
             and
             near
             it
             many
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             Conception
             .
             
               Delos
               Confines
               ,
               Imperiale
            
             and
             some
             few
             more
             in
             the
             part
             called
             Chile
             ,
             but
             in
             Magellanica
             ,
             we
             find
             nothing
             but
             Capes
             and
             Rivers
             Inhabited
             ,
             a
             Savage
             and
             Barbarous
             People
             afflicted
             with
             sharp
             Winds
             ,
             and
             the
             Mountains
             continually
             covered
             with
             Snow
             ,
             wherefore
             as
             a
             Countrey
             not
             fit
             for
             Commerce
             ,
             we
             leave
             ,
             it
             and
             proceed
             to
             Brasil
             .
          
           
             BRASIL
             is
             a
             large
             Tract
             ,
             reaching
             from
             29
             to
             30
             degrees
             South
             Latitude
             ,
             1500
             miles
             in
             Length
             ,
             and
             500
             in
             Breadth
             ,
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             
               Mare
               del
               Noort
            
             or
             the
             
               Main
               Atlantick
            
             ;
             on
             the
             West
             with
             undiscovered
             Countreys
             ,
             on
             the
             North
             with
             Guiana
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             South
             with
             Paragua
             ,
             or
             the
             Province
             of
             
               Rio
               de
               la
               Plata
            
             ,
             and
             is
             a
             great
             part
             of
             it
             possessed
             by
             the
             Portugals
             and
             Dutch
             :
             The
             Countrey
             intermixed
             with
             Rivers
             ,
             Mountains
             ,
             Woods
             ,
             and
             pleasant
             Plains
             ;
             the
             Air
             wholsome
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             purging
             Winds
             which
             rise
             from
             the
             Southern
             Coast
             ,
             every
             day
             about
             Ten
             in
             the
             Morning
             ;
             the
             Countrey
             yielding
             great
             store
             of
             Sugar
             Canes
             ,
             which
             is
             brought
             to
             perfection
             by
             the
             working
             of
             many
             Thousands
             of
             Slaves
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             Portugals
             brought
             thence
             
             in
             few
             Years
             150000
             Arobes
             of
             that
             Commodity
             ,
             each
             Arobe
             containing
             25
             Bushels
             of
             our
             Measure
             ;
             and
             here
             it
             is
             the
             
               Brasil
               Wood
            
             grows
             ,
             whereof
             there
             are
             Trees
             of
             such
             bigness
             ,
             that
             when
             the
             Rivers
             overflow
             ,
             as
             frequently
             they
             do
             in
             the
             level
             Countrey
             ,
             the
             Inhabitants
             dwell
             in
             the
             Branches
             of
             them
             ,
             like
             Birds
             in
             their
             Nests
             ,
             till
             the
             Waters
             abate
             .
          
           
             The
             People
             in
             this
             Tract
             nearest
             the
             Line
             ,
             are
             of
             a
             reasonable
             Understanding
             ,
             wearing
             Apparel
             ,
             but
             further
             off
             they
             are
             Barbarous
             ,
             both
             Men
             and
             Women
             going
             stark
             naked
             ,
             gladly
             eating
             Humane
             Flesh
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             when
             they
             can
             privately
             catch
             any
             of
             the
             Christians
             ,
             they
             Roast
             them
             ,
             and
             invite
             all
             their
             Friends
             ,
             feasting
             on
             the
             Flesh
             ,
             with
             great
             Merriment
             ;
             and
             here
             the
             Women
             are
             wonderful
             quick
             ,
             and
             easie
             at
             Child-bearing
             ,
             never
             lying
             by
             it
             ,
             but
             in
             two
             or
             three
             days
             seem
             as
             well
             as
             ever
             :
             Beasts
             are
             found
             in
             this
             Tract
             of
             strange
             forms
             ;
             one
             with
             the
             head
             of
             an
             Ape
             ,
             the
             Body
             of
             a
             Man
             ,
             and
             the
             feet
             and
             paws
             of
             a
             Lyon
             ;
             a
             Plant
             they
             have
             called
             Copiba
             ,
             the
             back
             of
             which
             being
             slit
             ,
             affords
             a
             precious
             Balm
             ,
             which
             is
             so
             well
             known
             by
             the
             Beasts
             of
             the
             Forrests
             ,
             that
             when
             they
             have
             taken
             in
             any
             Poison
             ,
             or
             are
             bit
             by
             Serpents
             or
             other
             Venemous
             Creatures
             ,
             they
             fly
             to
             it
             for
             succour
             ,
             as
             to
             a
             Sanctuary
             for
             Life
             ,
             and
             by
             sucking
             in
             the
             Antidote
             ,
             find
             a
             speedy
             Cure
             :
             An
             Herb
             they
             have
             ,
             that
             being
             roughly
             touched
             ,
             as
             in
             Modesty
             ,
             shrinketh
             in
             its
             branching
             Leaves
             ,
             and
             opens
             them
             not
             till
             the
             party
             who
             offends
             is
             gone
             out
             of
             sight
             .
             The
             People
             in
             this
             Tract
             ,
             both
             Men
             and
             Women
             ,
             are
             good
             Swimmers
             ,
             and
             so
             used
             to
             Diving
             ,
             that
             they
             will
             remain
             under
             Water
             an
             hour
             without
             respiration
             ,
             and
             many
             of
             them
             are
             so
             over-grown
             with
             Hair
             ,
             that
             they
             seem
             rather
             Beasts
             than
             Men
             ;
             the
             Divisions
             of
             Brasil
             are
             Sr.
             
               Vincent
               ,
               Rio
               de
               Janeiro
               ,
               Del
               Spiritu
               Santo
               ,
               Porto
               Seguro
               ,
               Des
               Ilheos
               ,
               Todas
               Los
               Santos
               ,
               Paraguay
               ,
               Rio
               
               de
               la
               Plata
               ,
               Tucaman
               ,
            
             St.
             
               Crux
               de
               Siera
            
             ,
             a
             Province
             full
             of
             Palm
             Trees
             ;
             Fernambuck
             rich
             in
             Tobacco
             and
             Sugar
             ;
             
               Tamaraca
               ,
               Paraiba
               ,
               Rio-grande
               ,
               Siara
               ,
               Maragnon
               ,
            
             and
             Para
             ,
             being
             termed
             Captainships
             or
             Praefectures
             ,
             possessed
             by
             the
             
               Portugals
               ,
               Spaniards
               ,
               French
               ,
               Dutch
            
             and
             other
             Nations
             ,
             who
             in
             some
             places
             live
             promiscuously
             with
             the
             Natives
             ,
             and
             in
             others
             ,
             some
             coming
             in
             search
             of
             Adventures
             ,
             others
             driven
             by
             Distress
             ,
             as
             being
             not
             suffered
             to
             live
             quietly
             at
             home
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             tho
             the
             Brasilians
             had
             but
             few
             Houses
             and
             fewer
             Towns
             ,
             yet
             now
             the
             encrease
             of
             them
             has
             rendered
             it
             in
             many
             parts
             a
             pleasant
             Countrey
             ,
             the
             Plains
             enriched
             like
             those
             of
             Egypt
             ,
             by
             the
             overflowing
             of
             the
             Rivers
             ,
             which
             are
             exceeding
             large
             .
          
           
             GVIANA
             is
             another
             Tract
             of
             this
             Peruanian
             Continent
             ,
             bounded
             on
             the
             East
             with
             the
             
               Main
               Atlantick
               Ocean
            
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             West
             with
             the
             Mountains
             of
             Peru
             ,
             or
             an
             undiscovered
             Countrey
             interposing
             between
             them
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             with
             the
             River
             ,
             Orenoque
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             South
             ,
             as
             some
             will
             have
             it
             with
             the
             Amazons
             ;
             tho
             indeed
             we
             find
             no
             such
             Countrey
             ;
             however
             it
             is
             undiscovered
             ,
             and
             therefore
             Travellers
             have
             liberty
             to
             name
             it
             as
             they
             please
             .
          
           
             Tho
             Guiana
             is
             scituate
             on
             both
             sides
             the
             Line
             ,
             extending
             from
             the
             Fourth
             degree
             of
             Southern
             to
             the
             Eighth
             degree
             of
             Northern
             Latitude
             ;
             notwithstanding
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             fresh
             Winds
             and
             cool
             Air
             that
             comes
             off
             the
             Sea
             and
             Rivers
             ,
             it
             is
             indifferently
             Temperate
             ;
             towards
             the
             Sea
             side
             it
             is
             level
             ,
             but
             the
             Inland
             swelled
             with
             rising
             Hills
             ,
             and
             the
             Trees
             and
             Fields
             wearing
             a
             lasting
             green
             ,
             as
             knowing
             no
             Winter
             ,
             there
             being
             always
             ripe
             and
             green
             Fruits
             and
             Blossoms
             at
             the
             same
             time
             ;
             so
             that
             it
             may
             be
             compared
             for
             pleasantness
             ,
             with
             any
             we
             have
             yet
             named
             in
             this
             Tract
             .
          
           
           
             The
             People
             (
             Natives
             of
             Guiana
             )
             have
             no
             settled
             Government
             ,
             yet
             reduce
             themselves
             into
             Tribes
             ,
             under
             several
             Heads
             or
             Chiefs
             ,
             though
             this
             is
             left
             to
             their
             own
             discretion
             ,
             and
             every
             one
             may
             separate
             when
             he
             pleases
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             punishment
             they
             have
             for
             Offenders
             ,
             is
             only
             in
             case
             of
             Adultery
             and
             Murther
             ,
             for
             which
             when
             proved
             ,
             the
             Criminal
             makes
             an
             Expiation
             with
             his
             Life
             ;
             the
             poorer
             sort
             are
             allowed
             but
             one
             Wise
             ,
             and
             the
             rich
             two
             or
             three
             ;
             not
             owning
             any
             God
             ,
             but
             either
             not
             regarding
             from
             whence
             they
             had
             their
             being
             ,
             and
             are
             by
             Power
             sustained
             ,
             or
             Atheistically
             ascribing
             all
             to
             Fate
             and
             Chance
             :
             As
             for
             their
             Accompts
             they
             keep
             them
             in
             bundles
             of
             Sticks
             ,
             which
             they
             increase
             or
             diminish
             according
             as
             the
             Debt
             or
             Business
             grows
             more
             or
             less
             ;
             and
             at
             their
             Funerals
             the
             Women
             howl
             extreamly
             ,
             whilst
             the
             Men
             on
             the
             contrary
             are
             Singing
             and
             Feasting
             .
          
           
             This
             Country
             is
             divided
             into
             the
             Provinces
             of
             
               Rio-de-Las
               ,
               Amazons
               ,
               Wiapoco
            
             ,
             or
             Guiana
             ,
             properly
             so
             called
             ,
             
               Orenoque
               ,
               Trinidado
            
             ,
             and
             Tobago
             ;
             and
             are
             full
             of
             great
             Rivers
             stored
             abundantly
             with
             Fish
             ,
             and
             wild
             Fowl
             ,
             but
             most
             of
             all
             they
             refresh
             the
             Gountries
             with
             the
             Dews
             that
             arise
             from
             them
             and
             the
             principal
             of
             these
             are
             
               Orenoque
               ,
               Arrawari
               ,
               Conawini
               ,
               Caspurough
               ,
            
             or
             Cassipure
             ,
             falling
             into
             the
             
               Atlantick
               Ocean
               ,
               Wiapoco
            
             ,
             the
             River
             of
             the
             Amazons
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             many
             of
             lesser
             note
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             Tract
             are
             said
             to
             be
             Mountains
             of
             intire
             Chrystal
             ;
             Mines
             there
             are
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             with
             many
             strange
             Plants
             ,
             Fruits
             ,
             and
             Beasts
             ;
             as
             also
             Tobacco
             and
             Sugar
             Canes
             ,
             and
             at
             Comolaha
             ,
             on
             the
             South
             of
             Arenoque
             ,
             they
             hold
             a
             Fair
             for
             the
             Sale
             of
             Women
             ,
             only
             where
             an
             English-man
             left
             by
             Sir
             
               Walter
               Ral●igh
            
             ,
             reports
             to
             have
             bought
             8
             for
             a
             three
             half-penny
             red
             hafted
             Knife
             ,
             the
             eldest
             not
             exceeding
             18
             Years
             ,
             which
             he
             says
             without
             making
             any
             Burglarys
             upon
             their
             Virginities
             ,
             he
             liberally
             bestowed
             
             in
             Marriage
             on
             sundry
             of
             the
             Natives
             :
             And
             near
             this
             place
             is
             the
             mighty
             Water-fall
             ,
             or
             Cataract
             of
             the
             River
             Arenoque
             ,
             whose
             horrid
             noise
             makes
             the
             Mountains
             tremble
             ,
             which
             may
             well
             fit
             the
             Words
             of
             the
             Poet
             ,
             viz.
             
             
               
                 Cuncta
                 tremunt
                 undis
                 ,
                 &
                 multo
                 murmure
                 Montis
                 ,
              
               
                 Spumeus
                 invictis
                 albescit
                 Fluctibus
                 amnis
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Noise
                 the
                 Mountains
                 shakes
                 ,
                 who
                 roar
                 for
                 spite
                 ,
              
               
                 To
                 see
                 th'
                 Unvanquish'd
                 Waves
                 clad
                 all
                 in
                 White
                 .
              
            
          
           
             In
             an
             other
             part
             of
             this
             Province
             they
             have
             a
             strange
             custom
             with
             their
             Dead
             ,
             for
             when
             the
             Flesh
             is
             worn
             off
             the
             Bones
             by
             Putrefaction
             ,
             they
             hang
             up
             the
             Skeleton
             in
             the
             Chamber
             or
             House
             where
             the
             party
             died
             ,
             decking
             the
             Skull
             with
             Feathers
             of
             divers
             Colours
             ,
             and
             hanging
             Jewels
             and
             Plates
             of
             Gold
             ,
             about
             the
             Arm
             and
             Thigh
             Bones
             .
             As
             for
             the
             Towns
             of
             note
             in
             this
             Tract
             ,
             they
             are
             Mano
             ,
             called
             by
             the
             Spaniards
             El'Dorado
             ,
             from
             the
             abundance
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             Coin
             ,
             Armour
             ,
             and
             Utensils
             found
             there
             ,
             held
             to
             be
             the
             largest
             of
             all
             the
             Country
             ,
             though
             some
             question
             the
             Truth
             of
             this
             place
             ;
             
               Caripo
               ,
               Gomeribo
               ,
               Tanparanume
               ,
               Morequuto
               ,
            
             St.
             Thome
             ,
             and
             St.
             Joseph
             ,
             with
             some
             others
             of
             lesser
             note
             ,
             which
             they
             are
             obliged
             to
             build
             upon
             Hills
             ,
             Rocks
             ,
             or
             the
             like
             advantageous
             Places
             ,
             forasmuch
             as
             the
             Rivers
             yearly
             overflow
             a
             great
             part
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             obliging
             the
             Natives
             to
             live
             in
             Trees
             with
             their
             Families
             ,
             building
             them
             Hutts
             in
             the
             Branches
             like
             Birds
             Nests
             .
          
           
             PARIA
             ,
             another
             considerable
             Province
             ,
             lies
             on
             the
             West
             of
             Guiana
             ,
             divided
             into
             the
             lesser
             Countries
             of
             
               Cumana
               ,
               Venezuela
            
             ,
             St.
             
               Margaita
               ,
               Cubagna
            
             ,
             
             and
             some
             Islands
             ;
             and
             here
             the
             Nature
             of
             the
             Soil
             and
             People
             are
             different
             ,
             though
             in
             general
             the
             Country
             is
             very
             Pleasant
             ,
             being
             watered
             with
             the
             Rivers
             of
             
               Rio-de-Cacioas
               ,
               Rio-de-Neveri
               ,
               Cumana
               de
               Bardones
               ,
            
             and
             others
             of
             lesser
             note
             ,
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             Towns
             ,
             Maracapana
             (
             once
             a
             Spanish
             Garrison
             )
             
               Venezuela
               ,
               New
               Cadiz
            
             ,
             and
             some
             others
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             Tract
             the
             Pearl
             Fishery
             is
             used
             ,
             those
             valuable
             Commodities
             being
             gotten
             by
             Diving
             ,
             and
             they
             bring
             up
             a
             Fish
             much
             like
             an
             Oyster
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             Shells
             of
             which
             they
             take
             the
             Pearls
             ,
             supposed
             to
             be
             Ingendred
             there
             by
             the
             falling
             of
             Dews
             ,
             when
             the
             Fish
             opens
             to
             receive
             the
             Air
             upon
             the
             Shoar
             :
             and
             though
             the
             People
             in
             the
             Province
             of
             Cumana
             have
             Plenty
             of
             Fruits
             and
             Cattle
             ,
             with
             other
             things
             whereby
             to
             subsist
             even
             to
             Riot
             ,
             yet
             they
             rather
             chuse
             to
             feed
             upon
             Insects
             and
             Vermin
             ,
             as
             Batts
             ,
             Spiders
             ,
             Horse-leaches
             ,
             Worms
             ,
             &c.
             each
             Man
             being
             allowed
             as
             many
             Wives
             as
             he
             can
             maintain
             ,
             though
             they
             never
             have
             the
             Maidenheads
             of
             any
             ,
             prostituting
             them
             the
             first
             Night
             to
             their
             Piacos
             ,
             or
             Priests
             ,
             or
             their
             appointment
             ,
             who
             for
             small
             matters
             turn
             over
             that
             Drudgery
             to
             Strangers
             ;
             nor
             do
             they
             at
             any
             time
             think
             their
             Guests
             welcome
             ,
             unless
             they
             will
             do
             the
             Office
             of
             Men
             to
             their
             Wives
             ,
             Sisters
             ,
             &c.
             blackning
             their
             Teeth
             ,
             and
             Painting
             their
             Bodies
             of
             diverse
             Colours
             ;
             in
             this
             Tract
             are
             found
             diverse
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             ,
             some
             of
             Silver
             ,
             and
             other
             Minerals
             ;
             and
             here
             the
             Spaniards
             met
             with
             many
             disasters
             ,
             as
             well
             the
             Ecclesiasticks
             ,
             as
             Military
             ,
             being
             frequently
             expulsed
             or
             cut
             off
             by
             the
             Salvages
             ,
             who
             are
             in
             general
             a
             Stout
             and
             Warlike
             People
             ;
             and
             here
             are
             found
             the
             Capa
             ,
             a
             Beast
             ,
             the
             Soles
             of
             whose
             Feet
             are
             like
             a
             Shooe
             ,
             and
             a
             Hog
             of
             monstrous
             size
             ,
             with
             Horns
             like
             a
             Goat
             ,
             living
             altogether
             upon
             Ants
             ,
             Pismires
             ,
             Parrots
             ,
             and
             Batts
             ;
             and
             could
             I
             have
             added
             to
             this
             Bill
             of
             Fair
             ,
             Booksellers
             and
             Printers
             ,
             the
             World
             
             might
             have
             taken
             this
             Monster
             for
             a
             meer
             
               Robin
               Hog
               ,
               &c.
            
             
          
           
             Cattle
             this
             Country
             affords
             in
             great
             Quantities
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             Instructed
             by
             the
             Europeans
             ,
             they
             make
             Butter
             and
             Cheese
             of
             their
             Milk
             ,
             in
             sundry
             places
             ,
             which
             the
             Natives
             take
             as
             the
             Prince
             of
             Rarities
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             Reader
             may
             suffice
             for
             the
             Empires
             ,
             Kingdoms
             ,
             Provinces
             ,
             and
             States
             of
             the
             Universe
             ,
             relating
             to
             the
             Continent
             of
             
               Europe
               ,
               Asia
               ,
               Africa
            
             ,
             and
             America
             ,
             from
             which
             we
             proceed
             (
             for
             the
             greater
             Satisfaction
             of
             the
             Curious
             )
             to
             the
             Description
             of
             the
             Islands
             scattered
             in
             the
             several
             Seas
             ,
             attributed
             to
             the
             four
             Parts
             of
             the
             World
             ;
             and
             of
             these
             in
             their
             Order
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           A
           Description
           of
           the
           Islands
           of
           Europe
           ,
           and
           their
           various
           Scituations
           in
           their
           sundry
           Seas
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
             Great
             Britain
             Described
             .
          
           
             
               GREAT
               BRITAIN
            
             ,
             being
             in
             a
             manner
             known
             to
             most
             that
             Inhabit
             it
             ,
             may
             occasion
             some
             to
             reflect
             upon
             this
             brief
             Description
             as
             superfluous
             ;
             however
             ,
             having
             undertaken
             to
             omit
             nothing
             material
             in
             this
             great
             Undertaking
             ,
             which
             indeed
             wanted
             nothing
             but
             the
             permission
             of
             a
             larger
             Scope
             ,
             to
             render
             it
             more
             Illustrious
             ,
             we
             will
             not
             be
             wanting
             to
             give
             a
             
             modest
             Account
             of
             the
             Princess
             of
             Islands
             ,
             or
             Epitome
             of
             the
             Universe
             ,
             being
             properly
             ,
             and
             not
             without
             just
             Reason
             stiled
             ,
             the
             World
             Minature
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             case
             we
             must
             divide
             it
             into
             two
             Parts
             ,
             
               viz.
               England
               ,
               Wales
            
             ,
             &c.
             and
             Scotland
             ,
             comprehending
             the
             Ocean
             Islands
             .
          
           
             
               England
               ,
               described
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               ENGLAND
               has
               for
               its
               Eastern
               boundard
               the
               
                 German
                 Ocean
              
               ;
               on
               the
               West
               the
               Irish
               Sea
               ;
               on
               the
               South
               the
               British
               Ocean
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               North
               ,
               parting
               it
               from
               Scotland
               ,
               the
               River
               Tweed
               and
               Solway
               ;
               Invironed
               as
               to
               the
               whole
               Island
               ,
               with
               the
               main
               Sea
               ,
               guarded
               in
               most
               parts
               by
               such
               Rocks
               ,
               as
               render
               it
               Inaccessible
               from
               Forreign
               Invaders
               ,
               if
               the
               Shoars
               be
               but
               indifferently
               Defended
               ,
               though
               its
               Walls
               consists
               in
               its
               many
               more
               Powerful
               and
               Impregnable
               Defendants
               ,
               than
               those
               of
               Stone
               ;
               which
               notwithstanding
               it
               had
               not
               always
               to
               defend
               it
               ,
               as
               appears
               by
               its
               becoming
               a
               Prey
               to
               the
               Romans
               ,
               its
               being
               harassed
               by
               the
               
                 Picts
                 ,
                 Scots
              
               ,
               and
               wild
               Irish
               ,
               and
               the
               Subjection
               it
               was
               brought
               under
               by
               the
               
                 Saxons
                 ,
                 Danes
              
               ,
               and
               Normans
               ;
               but
               at
               this
               day
               the
               often
               Languishing
               Island
               lifts
               up
               her
               head
               as
               high
               as
               the
               tallest
               of
               the
               Daughters
               of
               the
               Nations
               upon
               Earth
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               Soil
               ,
               improved
               by
               industrious
               hands
               ,
               it
               is
               in
               most
               parts
               exceeding
               Fruitful
               ,
               as
               well
               in
               Grain
               as
               Herbage
               ,
               Fruit
               Trees
               ,
               Rich
               Pastures
               ,
               &c.
               as
               all
               other
               things
               necessary
               ,
               and
               conducing
               to
               the
               support
               of
               Life
               ;
               with
               Mines
               of
               Iron
               ,
               Tin
               ,
               ●ead
               ,
               &c.
               but
               exceeds
               other
               Nations
               in
               the
               Woollen
               Manufacture
               ;
               nor
               is
               making
               of
               Stuffs
               ,
               Silks
               ,
               and
               other
               Curious
               Arts
               wanting
               in
               a
               great
               measure
               ,
               but
               more
               especially
               the
               Traffick
               abroad
               ,
               where
               for
               our
               Native
               
               Commodities
               ,
               we
               command
               the
               most
               valuable
               things
               in
               the
               Universe
               .
            
             
               ENGLAND
               in
               particular
               ,
               holds
               from
               50
               to
               54
               degrees
               of
               North
               Latitude
               ;
               the
               Air
               Pleasant
               and
               Temperate
               ,
               by
               vicissitude
               of
               Heat
               and
               Cold
               ,
               as
               also
               the
               varying
               of
               Night
               and
               Day
               ;
               but
               more
               for
               the
               wholesome
               Laws
               ,
               good
               Constitution
               of
               the
               Established
               Government
               and
               Nature
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               whose
               Generosity
               and
               Valour
               has
               famed
               them
               in
               all
               parts
               of
               the
               known
               World
               ,
               and
               the
               whole
               divided
               into
               39
               Shires
               or
               Divisions
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Middlesex
                 ,
                 Essex
                 ,
                 Kent
                 ,
                 Sussex
                 ,
                 Hampshire
                 ,
              
               or
               the
               County
               of
               
                 Southampton
                 ,
                 Surry
                 ,
                 Buckinghamshire
                 ,
                 Bedfordshire
                 ,
                 Cambridgshire
                 ,
                 Cheshire
                 ,
                 Cornwal
                 ,
                 Cumberland
                 ,
                 Darbyshire
                 ,
                 Dorsetshire
                 ,
                 Durham
                 ,
                 Glocestershire
                 ,
                 Huntingtonshire
                 ,
                 Lancashire
                 ,
                 Leicestershire
                 ,
                 Lincolnshire
                 ,
                 Northamptonshire
                 ,
                 Notinghamshire
                 ,
                 Rutlandshire
                 ,
                 Shropshire
                 ,
                 Somersetshire
                 ,
                 Wiltshire
                 ,
                 Warwickshire
                 ,
                 Westmorland
                 ,
                 Yorkshire
                 ,
                 Norfolk
                 ,
                 Northumberland
                 ,
                 Oxfordshire
                 ,
                 Staffordshire
                 ,
                 Barkshire
                 ,
                 Devonshire
                 ,
                 Hartfordshire
                 ,
                 Suffolk
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Worcestershiye
                 ,
                 Herefordshire
              
               ;
               all
               of
               them
               extreamly
               replenished
               with
               Woods
               ,
               Parks
               ,
               Rivers
               ,
               Cities
               ,
               and
               Towns
               of
               Note
               ,
               insomuch
               ,
               that
               of
               considerable
               Rivers
               there
               are
               found
               352
               ,
               and
               on
               them
               847
               Bridges
               of
               Note
               ,
               Cities
               25
               ,
               Market
               Towns
               588
               ,
               Parishes
               8760
               ,
               Arch-Bishopricks
               2
               ,
               Bishopricks
               23.
               
               Forrests
               61
               ,
               Parks
               752
               ,
               Chaces
               12
               ,
               and
               had
               before
               the
               grand
               unnatural
               Rebellion
               ,
               134
               Castles
               ,
               but
               during
               that
               tedious
               VVar
               ,
               many
               of
               them
               were
               demolished
               ;
               the
               whole
               Countrey
               consisting
               of
               pleasant
               Valleys
               ,
               moderately
               rising
               Hills
               ,
               flourishing
               Fields
               and
               Medows
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               suffice
               to
               live
               upon
               its
               own
               plenty
               ,
               without
               the
               help
               or
               assistance
               of
               any
               other
               Nation
               ,
               and
               for
               stately
               Buildings
               and
               many
               other
               Curiosities
               too
               many
               to
               be
               contained
               in
               a
               much
               larger
               Volume
               ;
               if
               no
               other
               Countreys
               were
               spoken
               of
               :
               We
               must
               wave
               them
               ,
               seeing
               we
               are
               at
               home
               ,
               and
               suffer
               
               the
               Experience
               of
               the
               knowing
               Reader
               to
               supply
               the
               omission
               .
            
             
               WALES
               is
               properly
               a
               part
               of
               England
               ,
               but
               seeing
               it
               is
               generally
               divided
               ,
               or
               accounted
               a
               Principality
               ,
               &c.
               we
               think
               it
               not
               amiss
               to
               speak
               of
               it
               by
               it self
               ,
               viz.
               This
               Countrey
               is
               from
               East
               to
               West
               about
               a
               100
               Miles
               ,
               and
               from
               North
               to
               South
               120
               ;
               and
               in
               it
               are
               found
               965
               Parishes
               ,
               55
               Market
               Towns
               ,
               4
               Bishopricks
               ,
               67
               Castles
               ,
               230
               Rivers
               ,
               99
               Bridges
               of
               note
               ,
               28
               Parks
               ,
               6
               Forrests
               ,
               and
               1
               Chase
               ,
               and
               is
               divided
               into
               the
               Shires
               of
               
                 Brecknock
                 ,
                 Anglesey
                 ,
                 Cardigan
                 ,
                 Carmaerthen
                 ,
                 Carnarvan
                 ,
                 Denbigh
                 ,
                 Flint
                 ,
                 Radnor
                 ,
                 Glamorgan
                 ,
                 Merioneth
                 ,
                 Montgomery
                 ,
                 Pembrook
              
               and
               Monmouth
               ,
               containing
               both
               North
               and
               South
               Wales
               ,
               stretching
               into
               the
               Sea
               like
               a
               large
               Promontory
               ,
               Fruitful
               in
               many
               places
               ,
               where
               the
               Mountains
               raise
               not
               their
               Heads
               ,
               especially
               the
               Isle
               of
               Anglesey
               ,
               which
               of
               it self
               is
               held
               sufficient
               to
               feed
               the
               whole
               Countrey
               ,
               for
               its
               store
               of
               Cattle
               and
               abundance
               of
               Corn
               ;
               this
               Countrey
               yielding
               sundry
               Commodious
               Harbours
               and
               Landing
               Places
               ,
               commercing
               at
               once
               with
               England
               and
               Ireland
               ;
               and
               has
               for
               its
               Chief
               Towns
               ,
               
                 Radnor
                 ,
                 Carnarvan
                 ,
                 Brecon
              
               ,
               St.
               
                 Davids
                 ,
                 Cardriff
                 ,
                 Carmaerthen
              
               and
               Monmouth
               ,
               most
               of
               them
               very
               pleasantly
               seated
               ,
               and
               of
               considerable
               Trade
               ;
               the
               Natives
               very
               Industrious
               and
               much
               given
               to
               Labour
               ,
               Frugal
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               most
               part
               Thrifty
               ;
               nor
               may
               we
               spare
               to
               sum
               up
               these
               two
               Countreys
               ,
               so
               mostly
               distinguished
               in
               the
               Epitome
               of
               the
               Poet
               ,
               viz.
               
            
             
               For
               Mountains
               ,
               Bridges
               ,
               Rivers
               ,
               Churches
               fair
               ;
            
             
               Women
               and
               Wooll
               ,
               they
               both
               are
               past
               compare
               .
            
             
               SCOTLAND
               is
               the
               next
               considerable
               part
               that
               compacts
               the
               
                 British
                 Empire
              
               or
               Kingdom
               of
               
                 Great
                 Britain
              
               ,
               separated
               from
               it
               only
               by
               the
               Tweed
               and
               Solway
               ,
               and
               the
               Hills
               extending
               from
               one
               to
               the
               other
               ,
               and
               is
               held
               to
               be
               406
               Miles
               in
               Length
               ,
               tho
               in
               
               Breadth
               not
               proportionable
               ,
               being
               in
               some
               parts
               but
               60
               from
               Sea
               to
               Sea
               ,
               divided
               properly
               into
               two
               parts
               by
               the
               River
               
                 Tay
                 ,
                 viz.
              
               South
               and
               North
               ,
               the
               former
               Division
               being
               both
               Fruitful
               and
               Populous
               ,
               and
               again
               sub-divided
               into
               the
               Counties
               of
               
                 Merch
                 ,
                 Tevi
                 [
                 ]
                 tdale
                 ,
                 Lothian
                 ,
                 Liddesdale
                 ,
                 Eskedale
                 ,
                 Annandale
                 ,
                 Niddesdale
                 ,
                 Galloway
                 ,
                 Carrick
                 ,
                 Kyle
                 ,
                 Cunningham
                 ,
                 Arran
                 ,
                 Cliddesdale
                 ,
                 Lennox
                 ,
                 Sterling
                 ,
                 Fife
                 ,
                 Stratherne
                 ,
                 Menteith
                 ,
                 Argile
                 ,
                 Cantire
                 ,
                 Lorn
                 ,
              
               all
               comprehended
               in
               South
               
                 Scotland
                 :
                 Loquabrea
                 ,
                 Braidalbin
                 ,
                 Perth
                 ,
                 Athole
                 ,
                 Angus
                 ,
                 Merns
                 ,
                 Mar
                 ,
                 Buquhan
                 ,
                 Murrey
                 ,
                 Rosse
                 ,
                 Southerland
                 ,
                 Cathaness
                 ,
              
               and
               Strathavern
               ,
               North
               Scotland
               ;
               and
               in
               this
               Kingdom
               are
               found
               Two
               Arch-bishopricks
               ,
               viz.
               St.
               Andrews
               and
               Glascow
               ,
               under
               whom
               are
               Eleven
               Suffragan
               Bishops
               ;
               and
               here
               the
               Chief
               City
               is
               Edenburg
               ,
               a
               City
               principally
               composed
               of
               one
               large
               Street
               ,
               about
               a
               Mile
               in
               length
               ,
               of
               very
               good
               Building
               ;
               the
               rest
               less
               considerable
               ,
               tho
               throughout
               the
               whole
               Kingdom
               are
               many
               fair
               Cities
               ,
               Towns
               ,
               and
               Villages
               .
            
             
               The
               Principal
               Islands
               lying
               upon
               the
               coast
               of
               
                 Great
                 Britain
              
               and
               Subject
               to
               it
               ,
               are
               the
               Islands
               of
               
                 Wight
                 ,
                 Man
                 ,
                 Anglesey
                 ,
                 Jersey
                 ,
                 Guernsey
                 ,
              
               the
               Orcades
               or
               Isles
               of
               Orkney
               30
               in
               Number
               ;
               the
               Chief
               of
               which
               are
               
                 Pomania
                 ,
                 Hethy
              
               ,
               and
               Sheathland
               ,
               all
               very
               Fruitful
               ,
               abounding
               with
               Cattle
               and
               Corn
               :
               The
               Hebrides
               40
               in
               number
               ,
               but
               many
               of
               them
               rather
               Rocks
               than
               Islands
               ,
               the
               Chief
               being
               Illa
               and
               Jona
               ,
               the
               ancient
               Burying
               place
               of
               the
               Scottish
               Kings
               :
               Mulla
               ,
               where
               the
               Redshanks
               Inhabited
               ,
               once
               so
               frightful
               to
               the
               English
               :
               The
               Sorlings
               containing
               145
               Islands
               ,
               but
               none
               of
               note
               ,
               except
               
                 Armath
                 ,
                 Sansod
              
               ,
               and
               Scilly
               ,
               after
               the
               name
               of
               which
               the
               rest
               are
               called
               for
               the
               most
               part
               ;
               some
               others
               there
               are
               on
               this
               Coast
               ,
               but
               scarcely
               worth
               noting
               ,
               as
               yielding
               little
               Trade
               or
               Commodity
               .
            
             
               IRELAND
               ,
               a
               Kingdom
               in
               Subjection
               to
               Britain
               by
               right
               of
               Conquest
               ,
               separate
               from
               England
               only
               
               by
               a
               tempestuous
               Sea
               ,
               of
               about
               a
               days
               Sail
               ;
               and
               is
               as
               all
               other
               Islands
               of
               note
               ,
               scituate
               in
               the
               Ocean
               ,
               or
               invironed
               with
               Sea
               ,
               &c.
               containing
               in
               Length
               400
               ,
               and
               in
               Breadth
               200
               miles
               ;
               and
               especially
               divided
               into
               four
               Provinces
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 1.
                 
                 Munster
              
               ,
               divided
               again
               into
               the
               Counties
               of
               
                 Limrick
                 ,
                 Kery
                 ,
                 Cork
                 ,
                 Waterford
                 ,
                 Desmond
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Holy
                 Cross
              
               in
               
                 Tipperary
                 ,
                 2
                 Lemster
              
               again
               divided
               into
               the
               Counties
               of
               the
               East
               and
               West
               
                 Meaths
                 ,
                 Kilkenny
                 ,
                 Caterlough
                 ,
                 Kings
                 County
                 ,
                 Queens
                 County
                 ,
                 Kildare
                 ,
                 Weixford
                 ,
                 Dublin
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Wicklock
                 ;
                 3.
                 
                 Connaught
              
               ,
               divided
               into
               the
               Counties
               of
               
                 Clare
                 ,
                 Thumond
                 ,
                 Galloway
                 ,
                 Majo
                 ,
                 Slego
                 Letrim
              
               and
               
                 Roscommon
                 .
                 4.
                 
                 Vlster
              
               ,
               divided
               into
               the
               Counties
               of
               Tyrconnel
               ,
               or
               
                 Dunhal
                 ,
                 Tyrone
              
               the
               upper
               and
               nether
               ,
               
                 Fermanagh
                 ,
                 Cavan
              
               or
               
                 Cravan
                 ,
                 Monaghan
                 ,
                 Colrane
                 ,
                 Antrim
                 ,
                 Down
                 ,
                 Armagh
              
               and
               Lough
               .
               And
               of
               this
               Kingdom
               the
               chief
               City
               is
               Dublin
               ,
               mostly
               inhabited
               by
               the
               English
               ,
               pleasantly
               seated
               and
               very
               commodious
               for
               Trade
               ,
               which
               renders
               it
               the
               chief
               Seat
               of
               Justice
               ,
               and
               a
               Bishops
               See
               ;
               besides
               which
               are
               
                 Waterford
                 ,
                 Tredagh
                 ,
                 Limrick
                 ,
                 Armagh
                 ,
              
               and
               others
               of
               lesser
               note
               .
               The
               Country
               is
               in
               many
               parts
               very
               fruitful
               but
               being
               incumbred
               with
               Hills
               and
               Boggs
               ,
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               it
               lies
               waste
               ,
               and
               the
               more
               for
               the
               sluggishness
               of
               the
               Natives
               ,
               who
               agree
               not
               with
               Labour
               ,
               though
               otherwise
               Sharp
               and
               Crafty
               ,
               hardy
               of
               Temper
               ,
               and
               Living
               upon
               slender
               Fare
               ;
               however
               the
               Rivers
               abound
               with
               Fish
               ,
               especially
               Salmon
               ,
               and
               the
               Hills
               and
               Valleys
               with
               Cattle
               ;
               insomuch
               that
               a
               Cow
               or
               a
               Horse
               may
               be
               purchased
               at
               about
               half
               a
               piece
               of
               our
               Money
               ;
               and
               one
               thing
               remarkable
               here
               is
               ,
               that
               no
               poisonous
               Creature
               can
               sive
               upon
               this
               Coast
               ,
               and
               of
               such
               force
               is
               even
               the
               Wood
               brought
               from
               Ireland
               into
               England
               and
               other
               Countries
               ,
               that
               no
               Spider
               will
               fasten
               a
               Cob-web
               on
               it
               .
            
             
               The
               Isle
               of
               Oleron
               ,
               is
               scituate
               against
               the
               French
               Province
               of
               Xaintoigne
               ,
               South
               of
               the
               Isle
               of
               Rhee
               ,
               
               famous
               for
               the
               Maritime
               Laws
               ,
               established
               here
               by
               Richard
               King
               of
               England
               ;
               tho
               for
               nothing
               more
               than
               the
               quantities
               of
               Salt
               sent
               hence
               into
               France
               ,
               and
               other
               parts
               .
            
             
               RHEE
               or
               REE
               ,
               is
               a
               pleasant
               Island
               about
               10
               English
               Miles
               in
               length
               ,
               and
               5
               in
               bredth
               ,
               and
               has
               in
               it
               the
               Towns
               of
               
                 La
                 Butte
                 ,
                 de
                 Mont
                 ,
                 St.
                 John
                 de
                 Mont
                 ,
                 St.
                 Hillary
              
               and
               
                 St.
                 Martins
              
               ,
               famous
               for
               the
               defence
               ,
               the
               Protestants
               made
               here
               against
               the
               power
               of
               France
               ,
               but
               fatal
               to
               the
               English
               in
               their
               attempt
               to
               rescue
               them
               .
            
             
               ALDERNY
               is
               an
               Island
               distant
               about
               6
               miles
               from
               
                 Cape
                 Hagge
              
               in
               Normandy
               ,
               very
               Rockey
               and
               hard
               of
               access
               ,
               and
               not
               exceeding
               8
               miles
               in
               compass
               consists
               but
               of
               one
               considerable
               Town
               ,
               called
               from
               the
               name
               of
               the
               Haven
               Lacrab
               ;
               it
               not
               containing
               above
               100
               Families
               ,
               nor
               is
               the
               Island
               of
               any
               considerable
               Trade
               .
            
             
               The
               SARK
               is
               an
               Island
               about
               6
               Miles
               in
               compass
               not
               much
               distant
               from
               the
               former
               ;
               and
               is
               subject
               to
               it
               ,
               being
               of
               little
               Trade
               or
               Moment
               ,
               and
               these
               being
               all
               of
               note
               in
               the
               Neighbouring
               Seas
               ,
               we
               pr●ceed
               to
               those
               more
               Northern
               and
               Remote
               ,
               which
               are
            
             
               GROEN-LAND
               under
               the
               Frigid
               Zone
               ,
               where
               the
               Cold
               is
               so
               extream
               that
               it
               is
               scarce
               habitable
               ,
               though
               accounted
               in
               length
               600
               miles
               ;
               yet
               having
               St.
               Thomas
               ,
               and
               Alba
               for
               its
               chief
               Towns
               supported
               mostly
               by
               the
               Fishing
               trade
               .
            
             
               ISELAND
               an
               extream
               cold
               Country
               ,
               extending
               400
               Miles
               ,
               yet
               thinly
               Inhabited
               ;
               and
               from
               this
               Region
               come
               the
               Shock
               Dogs
               ,
               so
               much
               in
               esteem
               ;
               and
               here
               contrary
               to
               other
               Countries
               ,
               the
               Oxen
               and
               Kine
               have
               no
               Horns
               ;
               the
               Trade
               to
               it
               being
               mostly
               upon
               the
               account
               of
               the
               Fishery
               ,
               and
               that
               for
               Ling
               ;
               few
               Trees
               except
               Juniper
               growing
               in
               the
               Country
               .
            
             
               FREEZ-LAND
               is
               an
               Island
               resorted
               to
               by
               the
               
                 English
                 ,
                 Flemings
                 ,
                 Danes
                 ,
                 Scots
                 ,
              
               and
               Hansmen
               ,
               upon
               the
               account
               of
               the
               Fishery
               .
            
             
             
               NOVA-ZEMBLA
               lies
               extream
               North
               ,
               under
               78
               Degrees
               ,
               so
               cold
               that
               no
               Human
               Creature
               is
               capable
               of
               Inhabiting
               of
               it
               in
               Winter
               ,
               unless
               driven
               by
               Distress
               ,
               or
               Fatal
               Necessity
               ;
               as
               were
               once
               about
               14
               Dutch-men
               ,
               who
               during
               their
               abode
               there
               ,
               strugled
               with
               so
               many
               Miseries
               ,
               as
               are
               almost
               unexpressible
               ;
               however
               Bears
               and
               Foxes
               are
               found
               here
               ,
               and
               great
               store
               of
               Sea
               Fowl
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               
                 SIR
                 HVGH
              
               WILLOVGHBY's
               Island
               ,
               rather
               infamous
               than
               famous
               ,
               as
               having
               its
               Name
               only
               from
               that
               Adventurous
               Gentleman's
               being
               found
               Frozen
               to
               Death
               in
               his
               Ship
               ,
               upon
               the
               Coast.
               
            
             
               GREEN-LAND
               ,
               doubtful
               whether
               Island
               or
               Continent
               ,
               noted
               only
               for
               the
               Whale
               Fishery
               ,
               &c.
               otherways
               so
               extream
               Cold
               ,
               as
               not
               to
               be
               Habitable
               after
               the
               Season
               ,
               unless
               by
               force
               ;
               which
               Fate
               several
               English
               found
               ,
               by
               overstaying
               the
               Ship
               ,
               &c.
               and
               were
               forced
               to
               subsist
               on
               the
               Flesh
               of
               Bears
               ,
               Foxes
               ,
               and
               Whale
               Fretters
               ,
               in
               a
               little
               Hutt
               under
               Ground
               ,
               induring
               a
               lingring
               Torment
               ,
               worse
               than
               Death
               ,
               till
               the
               Ships
               returned
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               some
               of
               them
               (
               though
               unexpectedly
               )
               were
               found
               alive
               .
            
             
               Having
               thus
               far
               proceeded
               briefly
               to
               the
               Northern
               Islands
               ,
               we
               now
               proceed
               to
               the
               more
               Eastern
               Islands
               .
            
             
               TENEDOS
               is
               an
               Island
               seated
               in
               
                 Pontus
                 Euxinus
              
               ,
               or
               the
               
                 Black
                 Sea
              
               ,
               so
               called
               from
               the
               dark
               Mists
               that
               arise
               ,
               where
               it
               charges
               name
               into
               that
               of
               the
               H●llespont
               ,
               not
               very
               big
               ,
               but
               Fruitful
               ,
               and
               pretty
               well
               inhabited
               ,
               famed
               for
               nothing
               more
               than
               its
               being
               taken
               upon
               the
               Greeks
               Expedition
               against
               the
               Trojans
               .
            
             
               SAMOTHRACIA
               ,
               called
               by
               some
               Samos
               ,
               from
               Samia
               the
               name
               of
               its
               Chief
               Town
               ,
               seated
               in
               the
               
                 Aegean
                 Sea
              
               ,
               as
               also
               are
               
                 Lemnos
                 ,
                 Lesbos
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Mittelene
                 ,
                 Chios
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Scio
                 ,
                 Eubaea
                 ,
                 Scyror
                 ,
                 Salamis
                 ,
              
               the
               Sporades
               ,
               and
               the
               Cyclades
               ,
               or
               the
               Isles
               of
               the
               Arches
               ,
               most
               of
               them
               in
               the
               hands
               of
               the
               Turks
               ,
               and
               of
               no
               considerable
               note
               ,
               though
               heretofore
               divers
               of
               them
               were
               independant
               ,
               and
               notable
               Sea-faring
               Islands
               ,
               famed
               
               for
               many
               Wonders
               ,
               and
               other
               strange
               matters
               by
               the
               Poets
               ,
               tho
               at
               this
               day
               they
               are
               exceeding
               Fruitful
               ,
               many
               of
               them
               bearing
               Lemons
               ,
               Oranges
               ,
               Dates
               ,
               Figgs
               ,
               Grapes
               ,
               Olives
               ,
               Apricocks
               ,
               Mulberries
               ,
               &c.
               affording
               a
               great
               number
               of
               Silk-worms
               ,
               which
               yield
               much
               Silk
               ;
               the
               Towns
               which
               are
               generally
               Havens
               or
               Sea-ports
               ,
               are
               pretty
               numerous
               ,
               inhabited
               mostly
               by
               the
               
                 Greek
                 Christians
                 ,
                 Turks
              
               ,
               and
               Jews
               ;
               and
               from
               Lemnos
               is
               that
               Earth
               brought
               ,
               so
               much
               in
               use
               for
               curing
               Wounds
               ,
               stopping
               Fluxes
               ,
               and
               expelling
               Poisons
               ;
               and
               indeed
               all
               these
               Islands
               standing
               like
               Studs
               in
               the
               Sea
               ,
               are
               so
               well
               refreshed
               and
               tempered
               by
               a
               mild
               and
               healthy
               Air
               ,
               that
               for
               their
               Fruitfulness
               ,
               they
               may
               be
               termed
               little
               Paradises
               of
               Delight
               ,
               most
               of
               them
               having
               Towns
               or
               Cities
               of
               the
               same
               name
               for
               their
               Metropolises
               or
               Chiefs
               .
               The
               Sporades
               ,
               tho
               under
               one
               seeming
               denomination
               ,
               are
               in
               number
               12
               ;
               and
               the
               Chief
               of
               these
               are
               
                 Milo
                 ,
                 Canaton
              
               ,
               and
               Assine
               ;
               and
               the
               Chief
               of
               the
               Cyclades
               ,
               are
               Delos
               and
               Coos
               ,
               as
               likewise
               Patmos
               ,
               where
               St.
               John
               was
               banished
               and
               wrote
               his
               
                 Revelation
                 :
                 Giarras
              
               and
               some
               few
               others
               of
               little
               note
               ,
               lying
               some
               in
               Greece
               ,
               and
               some
               in
               Asia
               ;
               so
               accounted
               ,
               as
               lying
               farther
               or
               nearer
               the
               shoar
               of
               either
               Countrey
               ;
               especially
               in
               this
               case
               it
               cannot
               be
               distinguished
               to
               which
               of
               the●
               properly
               the
               Island
               belongs
               ,
               especially
               if
               it
               be
               free
               from
               the
               Jurisdiction
               of
               any
               Monarch
               reigning
               upon
               the
               Continent
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             A
             Description
             of
             the
             Isle
             of
             Creet
             ,
             and
             other
             Islands
             .
          
           
             THe
             Isle
             of
             Creet
             was
             very
             famous
             in
             former
             times
             ,
             for
             being
             Mistress
             of
             those
             Seas
             ,
             nor
             less
             for
             its
             Fruitfulness
             ,
             and
             commodious
             Scituation
             for
             Traffick
             ,
             as
             being
             posited
             between
             the
             
               Ionian
               ,
               Libyque
               ,
               Aegean
            
             ,
             and
             
               Carpathian
               Seas
            
             ,
             and
             is
             now
             better
             known
             by
             the
             name
             of
             Candia
             ,
             taken
             at
             several
             times
             by
             the
             Turks
             from
             the
             Venetians
             ;
             and
             is
             in
             
             circuit
             about
             650
             Miles
             ,
             abounding
             with
             Oyl
             ,
             Wine
             ,
             Corn
             ,
             Cattle
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             things
             of
             value
             ,
             which
             made
             the
             Turks
             contend
             with
             the
             loss
             of
             much
             Blood
             ,
             to
             possess
             themselves
             of
             the
             whole
             ,
             when
             they
             had
             found
             the
             sweetness
             of
             a
             part
             of
             it
             :
             As
             for
             Hills
             ,
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             Rivers
             of
             note
             ,
             this
             Island
             affords
             not
             many
             ,
             but
             has
             for
             its
             Chief
             Cities
             
               Rhetimo
               ,
               Candia
            
             ,
             and
             Canea
             ,
             or
             
               New
               Candy
            
             ,
             built
             by
             the
             Turks
             to
             secure
             their
             first
             possession
             in
             the
             Island
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             plenteous
             Countrey
             Titus
             was
             Bishop
             :
             As
             for
             the
             other
             Islands
             lying
             about
             it
             there
             are
             only
             Claudia
             and
             Egelia
             ;
             very
             Fruitful
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             scituation
             ,
             but
             not
             considerable
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             smallness
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Islands
             in
             the
             Ionian
             Sea
             described
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             THe
             Islands
             in
             this
             Sea
             are
             chiefly
             these
             ,
             
               viz.
               CYTHERA
            
             commonly
             called
             Serigo
             ,
             held
             Sacred
             by
             the
             Poets
             to
             Venus
             ,
             who
             took
             her
             other
             name
             from
             hence
             ,
             lying
             about
             5
             Miles
             from
             
               Cape
               Mello
            
             in
             Peloponnesus
             ;
             and
             altho
             it
             is
             not
             above
             60
             Miles
             in
             Compass
             ,
             yet
             it
             yields
             such
             store
             of
             Fruits
             ,
             Corn
             ,
             and
             other
             Commodities
             of
             value
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             esteemed
             the
             Jewel
             of
             this
             Sea
             ,
             and
             was
             formerly
             called
             Porphyrus
             from
             the
             abundance
             of
             that
             sort
             of
             Stone
             digged
             out
             of
             its
             Mountains
             ;
             and
             has
             for
             its
             Chief
             Town
             Capsalo
             ,
             scituate
             on
             a
             small
             Haven
             ,
             tho
             not
             so
             much
             frequented
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             shallowness
             .
          
           
             The
             Strophades
             are
             a
             brace
             of
             Islands
             ,
             where
             Vlisses
             and
             Aeneas
             are
             said
             to
             find
             the
             Harpy's
             ,
             and
             indeed
             fit
             for
             such
             kind
             of
             Creatures
             only
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             Rockiness
             ,
             which
             renders
             them
             so
             barren
             ,
             that
             only
             a
             few
             Greeks
             ,
             and
             some
             others
             (
             out
             of
             a
             desire
             to
             exercise
             their
             Religion
             without
             molestation
             )
             possess
             them
             .
          
           
             ZANT
             ,
             an
             Island
             of
             the
             Venetians
             ,
             not
             exceeding
             60
             Miles
             in
             Circumference
             ,
             is
             yet
             so
             abundantly
             
             Fruitful
             ,
             that
             it
             almost
             exceeds
             the
             credit
             of
             Report
             ,
             producing
             the
             Grocery
             sort
             of
             Currants
             ,
             for
             which
             it
             is
             famed
             above
             all
             other
             Places
             ;
             also
             Pomegranates
             ,
             Citrons
             ,
             Oranges
             ,
             Lemons
             ,
             Olives
             ,
             Granadires
             ,
             Grapes
             ,
             that
             make
             strong
             Wine
             ,
             both
             white
             and
             red
             ,
             and
             has
             for
             the
             Defence
             of
             its
             Haven
             a
             strong
             City
             and
             Castle
             ,
             Inhabited
             by
             Greeks
             and
             Venetians
             ,
             yet
             has
             the
             Misfortune
             to
             be
             subject
             to
             Earth-quakes
             ,
             though
             not
             extraordinary
             ;
             and
             indeed
             the
             Country
             is
             not
             so
             Fruitful
             ,
             but
             the
             major
             part
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             are
             as
             wicked
             ,
             not
             making
             it
             a
             scruple
             to
             Murther
             any
             ,
             against
             whom
             they
             have
             conceived
             a
             Grudge
             .
          
           
             The
             Echinades
             are
             five
             small
             Islands
             ,
             supposed
             to
             be
             made
             by
             the
             Seas
             casting
             up
             Sand
             Banks
             ,
             and
             the
             Mud
             that
             comes
             out
             of
             the
             River
             Achelous
             ,
             according
             to
             Poets
             speaking
             in
             the
             Name
             of
             that
             River
             ,
             viz.
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       Fluctus
                       Nostrique
                       Marisque
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       The
                       Fury
                       of
                       the
                       Sea
                       Waves
                       ,
                       and
                       my
                       own
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Continual
                       heaps
                       of
                       Earth
                       and
                       Mud
                       drew
                       down
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Which
                       parted
                       by
                       the
                       Inter-running
                       Seas
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Made
                       as
                       thou
                       seest
                       the
                       five
                       Echinades
                       .
                    
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             And
             indeed
             they
             are
             rather
             Rocks
             ,
             or
             hardened
             Earth
             ,
             than
             any
             Island
             of
             note
             and
             so
             we
             leave
             them
             .
          
           
             CEPHALONIA
             is
             in
             Circumference
             about
             156
             Miles
             ,
             and
             contrary
             to
             the
             Echinades
             ,
             very
             Fruitful
             ,
             as
             yielding
             Figgs
             ,
             Olives
             ,
             Rasins
             ,
             Currants
             ,
             Hony
             ,
             Sweet
             Water
             ,
             Mulberries
             ,
             Pine
             ,
             Date
             ,
             Malvasi
             ,
             Muscadel
             ,
             Vino
             Leatico
             ,
             Wooll
             ,
             Cheese
             ,
             Turkeys
             ,
             Drugs
             ,
             and
             Dyes
             ,
             besides
             Cattle
             ,
             Corn
             ,
             and
             Rich
             Pastures
             ;
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             Towns
             ,
             held
             under
             the
             
               Venetians
               ,
               Guiscardo
               ,
               Nolo
            
             ,
             and
             Argostoli
             ,
             Inhabited
             
             by
             Greeks
             and
             Venetians
             ;
             the
             people
             Civil
             ,
             and
             very
             honest
             Dealers
             .
          
           
             CORFV
             is
             another
             Island
             in
             the
             
               Ionian
               Sea
            
             ,
             44
             Miles
             in
             Length
             ,
             and
             24
             in
             Breadth
             ;
             taking
             its
             name
             from
             the
             City
             of
             Corfu
             ,
             seated
             at
             the
             foot
             of
             a
             large
             Mountain
             ,
             on
             which
             to
             strengthen
             it
             ,
             tho
             strong
             in
             it self
             ,
             are
             two
             Fortresses
             ,
             but
             chiefly
             out
             of
             the
             natural
             Rock
             ;
             and
             tho
             the
             Southern
             part
             of
             this
             Island
             be
             mountainous
             and
             subject
             to
             hot
             Blasts
             ,
             yet
             the
             whole
             in
             general
             produces
             Corn
             ,
             Oranges
             ,
             Lemons
             ,
             Pomegranets
             ,
             Fig
             Trees
             ,
             Olives
             ,
             Wax
             ,
             Honey
             ,
             some
             Drugs
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             pleasant
             Fruits
             ,
             tho
             it
             has
             not
             in
             it
             any
             Rivers
             of
             note
             .
          
           
             ITHACA
             is
             a
             small
             Island
             giving
             a
             name
             to
             Vlysses
             ,
             who
             was
             born
             there
             ,
             tho
             now
             it
             has
             lost
             its
             own
             name
             ,
             and
             is
             called
             
               Val
               de
               Campare
            
             ;
             in
             compass
             not
             above
             56
             Miles
             ,
             and
             of
             little
             note
             ,
             unless
             for
             the
             Reception
             of
             Pyrats
             that
             haunt
             this
             Sea.
             
          
           
             St.
             MAVRO
             ,
             formerly
             called
             Leucadia
             ,
             is
             a
             small
             Island
             inhabited
             mostly
             by
             Jews
             ,
             formerly
             the
             Venetians
             ,
             but
             taken
             from
             them
             by
             the
             Turks
             ;
             and
             altho
             at
             present
             it
             is
             not
             much
             set
             by
             ,
             yet
             formerly
             was
             it
             of
             such
             esteem
             ,
             that
             the
             Inhabitants
             cut
             an
             Isthmus
             of
             Two
             Miles
             breadth
             ,
             that
             joyned
             it
             to
             the
             Continent
             ,
             and
             was
             famous
             for
             the
             Temple
             of
             Apollo
             seated
             in
             it
             ;
             from
             the
             top
             of
             which
             ,
             those
             that
             leaped
             into
             the
             Sea
             were
             held
             to
             be
             cured
             of
             extravagant
             Love
             ;
             better
             believed
             than
             experienced
             .
          
        
         
           
             Of
             the
             Adriatick
             Sea
             ,
             and
             the
             Islands
             therein
             .
          
           
             THe
             
               Adriatick
               Sea
            
             is
             that
             at
             the
             bottom
             of
             which
             the
             City
             of
             Venice
             is
             seated
             ,
             it
             being
             accounted
             700
             Miles
             in
             Length
             ,
             and
             104
             in
             Breadth
             ,
             and
             has
             in
             it
             these
             Isles
             ,
             viz.
             
          
           
             MESINA
             ,
             an
             Island
             about
             150
             Miles
             in
             Circumference
             ,
             yielding
             considerable
             Plenty
             ,
             and
             has
             only
             
             a
             strong
             Fortress
             for
             its
             Defence
             ,
             the
             Towns
             being
             mostly
             unwalled
             ,
             and
             but
             indifferently
             stored
             with
             Houses
             or
             Inhabitants
             .
          
           
             LISSA
             or
             Clissa
             ,
             is
             another
             of
             the
             
               Adriatick
               Islands
            
             20
             Miles
             over
             ,
             and
             60
             in
             Circumference
             ,
             very
             Fruitful
             ,
             and
             in
             Subjection
             to
             the
             Venetians
             ,
             who
             only
             defend
             the
             Sea
             Ports
             ,
             and
             by
             that
             means
             hold
             the
             rest
             in
             Subjection
             .
          
           
             CVRZOLA
             a
             place
             not
             exceeding
             60
             Miles
             in
             Circumference
             ,
             yet
             of
             great
             moment
             to
             the
             Venetians
             in
             rendring
             them
             Wood
             sufficient
             to
             build
             their
             Ships
             and
             Galleys
             ;
             having
             the
             Chief
             Town
             of
             the
             same
             name
             with
             the
             Island
             ,
             defended
             by
             Two
             strong
             Fortresses
             ,
             Commanded
             by
             a
             Governour
             ,
             revoked
             or
             changed
             yearly
             ;
             and
             altho
             the
             Island
             it self
             affords
             no
             extraordinary
             Merchandise
             ,
             yet
             it
             lies
             Commodious
             for
             Ships
             Trading
             in
             those
             parts
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Mediterranean
             Sea
             Considered
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             Islands
             therein
             .
          
           
             THe
             
               Mediteranean
               Sea
            
             is
             so
             called
             from
             its
             Midland
             Scituation
             ,
             as
             being
             environed
             with
             the
             Earth
             ,
             &c.
             and
             in
             it
             are
             found
             these
             Islands
             of
             Note
             ,
             viz.
             
          
           
             SICILY
             ,
             about
             700
             Miles
             in
             Circumference
             ,
             famed
             throughout
             the
             World
             for
             its
             Fertility
             ,
             producing
             Oyl
             ,
             Corn
             ,
             Wine
             ,
             Rice
             ,
             Sugar
             ,
             Alloms
             ,
             Salts
             ,
             Fruits
             ,
             Mettals
             ,
             Corral
             ;
             and
             of
             Cattle
             such
             abundance
             ,
             that
             it
             feeds
             not
             only
             it self
             but
             a
             great
             part
             of
             Italy
             and
             other
             Neighbouring
             Countries
             ,
             and
             was
             accounted
             the
             Granary
             of
             ancient
             Rome
             ;
             nor
             can
             the
             New
             well
             subsist
             without
             its
             supplies
             :
             And
             here
             is
             found
             the
             
               Flaming
               Mount
               Aetna
            
             ,
             which
             frequently
             has
             such
             horrible
             Eruptions
             ,
             that
             it
             not
             only
             sends
             Stones
             and
             Cinders
             with
             Fire
             into
             the
             Air
             an
             incredible
             height
             ,
             which
             scatter
             over
             many
             parts
             of
             the
             Countrey
             ,
             but
             to
             the
             great
             Misfortune
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             and
             many
             times
             to
             the
             overthrow
             of
             Towns
             and
             Cities
             ,
             emitteth
             streams
             of
             Liquid
             Fire
             
             or
             melted
             Minerals
             ,
             which
             have
             been
             known
             to
             run
             in
             a
             Fiery
             Torrent
             a
             mile
             into
             the
             Sea
             ,
             before
             the
             Waves
             could
             extinguish
             them
             ;
             and
             here
             the
             Chief
             Cities
             are
             Mesina
             and
             Syracuse
             ;
             and
             the
             whole
             Countrey
             at
             present
             is
             under
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             ,
             tho
             formerly
             it
             was
             an
             entire
             Kingdom
             Governed
             by
             a
             King
             of
             its
             own
             ;
             the
             Kings
             of
             Sicily
             ,
             lately
             stiling
             themselves
             Kings
             of
             Jerusalem
             ;
             and
             the
             people
             are
             much
             of
             the
             nature
             of
             those
             in
             Italy
             ,
             from
             which
             the
             Island
             is
             divided
             by
             a
             small
             Arm
             of
             the
             Sea
             only
             .
          
           
             MALTA
             ,
             anciently
             Melita
             ,
             the
             Landing
             Place
             of
             St.
             Paul
             in
             his
             way
             to
             Rome
             ,
             when
             the
             Viper
             clave
             to
             his
             hand
             ,
             and
             he
             shook
             it
             into
             the
             Fire
             ,
             is
             a
             fair
             Island
             ,
             tho
             but
             little
             in
             Compass
             ,
             yielding
             store
             of
             Oranges
             ,
             Lemons
             ,
             Figgs
             ,
             Citrons
             ,
             Cottoons
             ,
             Pomgranats
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             delicious
             Fruits
             ;
             but
             is
             so
             unhappy
             to
             be
             mostly
             deficient
             in
             Wine
             and
             Corn
             ,
             by
             which
             it
             is
             supplied
             from
             Sicily
             and
             other
             parts
             ;
             however
             it
             is
             one
             of
             the
             Chief
             Sea
             Fortresses
             or
             Bulwarks
             of
             Christendom
             against
             the
             Turks
             ,
             Commanded
             by
             an
             Order
             of
             Knights
             ,
             called
             the
             Knights
             of
             St.
             John
             of
             Jerusalem
             ,
             tho
             vulgarly
             termed
             or
             named
             the
             Knights
             of
             Malta
             ;
             the
             whole
             Territory
             being
             10
             Leagues
             in
             Length
             and
             4
             in
             Breadth
             ,
             yet
             contains
             60
             Villages
             ,
             and
             4
             principal
             Cities
             ;
             the
             Chief
             Valet
             ,
             a
             strong
             and
             well
             Fortified
             City
             ,
             wherein
             the
             great
             Master
             of
             the
             Order
             has
             his
             Palace
             ,
             and
             the
             Knights
             their
             Chambers
             ;
             as
             also
             a
             Tower
             from
             whence
             a
             Prospect
             may
             be
             taken
             of
             the
             whole
             Island
             .
          
           
             CORSICA
             ,
             Scituate
             over
             against
             Genoa
             ,
             being
             325
             Miles
             in
             Circumference
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             very
             Fruitful
             Product
             ,
             yielding
             Corn
             ,
             Wine
             ,
             Figgs
             ,
             Raisins
             and
             Hony
             ,
             and
             has
             in
             it
             Iron
             Mines
             ,
             Mines
             of
             Allom
             ,
             and
             other
             Minerals
             ,
             and
             has
             for
             its
             chief
             Cities
             ,
             Bastia
             ,
             (
             pleasantly
             seated
             on
             the
             North
             East
             part
             of
             the
             Island
             ,
             on
             a
             commodious
             Haven
             )
             
               Mara
               ,
               Gallera
            
             ,
             St.
             Florence
             ,
             St.
             Boniface
             ,
             and
             some
             others
             of
             lesser
             note
             ,
             and
             is
             under
             the
             Government
             of
             Genoa
             ,
             
             and
             affords
             a
             Beast
             ,
             rarely
             found
             but
             in
             this
             Island
             ,
             called
             Mufoli
             ,
             with
             a
             Skin
             like
             a
             Deer
             ,
             but
             harder
             by
             many
             Degrees
             ,
             and
             Horns
             like
             a
             Ram
             ;
             and
             here
             are
             bred
             an
             Excellent
             Race
             of
             good
             Horses
             ,
             and
             is
             an
             Island
             much
             noted
             for
             its
             good
             Havens
             ,
             upon
             the
             Account
             of
             the
             Reception
             for
             Shipping
             ,
             Trading
             in
             the
             Mediterranean
             .
          
           
             SARDINIA
             is
             another
             Island
             of
             this
             Tract
             ,
             not
             above
             7
             Miles
             distant
             from
             the
             former
             ,
             though
             much
             larger
             ,
             as
             not
             held
             to
             be
             less
             than
             560
             Miles
             in
             compass
             ,
             abounding
             with
             Corn
             and
             Fruit
             ,
             as
             being
             but
             little
             troubled
             with
             Hills
             ;
             and
             though
             the
             Soil
             is
             Rich
             ,
             yet
             no
             Poisonous
             nor
             Offensive
             thing
             is
             found
             in
             the
             Island
             ,
             having
             for
             its
             principal
             Cities
             Coliaris
             ,
             (
             well
             Inhabited
             and
             Fortified
             ,
             seated
             upon
             a
             good
             Haven
             ,
             being
             an
             Arch-Bishops
             See
             )
             
               Reparata
               ,
               Bossa
            
             ,
             and
             Aquilastra
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             whole
             Island
             are
             two
             other
             Arch-Bishops
             ,
             and
             15
             Suffraga●
             Bishops
             ;
             the
             People
             throughout
             this
             Island
             demeaning
             themselves
             courteous
             to
             Strangers
             ,
             and
             are
             very
             just
             in
             their
             dealings
             .
          
           
             The
             Baleares
             are
             sundry
             Islands
             found
             in
             this
             Sea
             ,
             and
             the
             greatest
             of
             these
             are
             Majorca
             and
             Minorca
             .
          
           
             MAJORCA
             is
             an
             Island
             about
             300
             Miles
             in
             Circumference
             ,
             lying
             about
             60
             Miles
             from
             the
             Coast
             of
             Spain
             ,
             all
             the
             Borders
             of
             it
             being
             Mountainous
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             most
             part
             Barren
             ,
             but
             the
             Inland
             Countrey
             Fruitful
             ,
             bearing
             Corn
             ,
             Olives
             ,
             Grapes
             ,
             Fruits
             of
             sundry
             Kinds
             ,
             and
             has
             in
             it
             the
             City
             of
             Majorca
             ,
             a
             University
             ;
             and
             that
             of
             Palma
             .
          
           
             MINORCA
             is
             about
             9
             miles
             distant
             from
             the
             former
             ,
             and
             150
             miles
             in
             Circumference
             ,
             having
             for
             its
             Principal
             Cities
             or
             Towns
             ,
             Minorca
             ,
             and
             Javan
             ,
             and
             is
             a
             Flourishing
             Island
             ,
             especially
             the
             Inland
             Parts
             ,
             both
             of
             them
             under
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             :
             near
             to
             these
             are
             two
             other
             small
             Islands
             ,
             
               viz.
               Ebrisa
            
             ,
             and
             Olihusa
             ,
             considerably
             Fertile
             ,
             but
             not
             large
             ,
             well
             Inhabited
             ,
             or
             of
             any
             considerable
             Trade
             ,
             
             there
             are
             moreover
             the
             lesser
             Islands
             dispersed
             abroad
             as
             the
             Vulcanian
             or
             
               Aeolian
               Islands
            
             ,
             on
             the
             Sioilian
             Shoar
             ;
             the
             principal
             of
             which
             is
             Lipra
             ,
             not
             exceeding
             10
             miles
             in
             Circumference
             ,
             and
             are
             both
             properly
             called
             the
             
               Liparean
               Islands
            
             ,
             and
             abound
             with
             Sulphur
             ,
             Allom
             ,
             Bitumen
             ,
             hot
             Baths
             ,
             and
             some
             Fruits
             ,
             though
             not
             much
             ,
             as
             being
             very
             Rockey
             and
             Mountainous
             ,
             yet
             Inhabited
             by
             some
             Spaniards
             .
          
           
             VVLCANIA
             ,
             formerly
             held
             to
             be
             the
             Forge
             of
             Vulcan
             ,
             where
             he
             made
             Thunder-bolts
             for
             Jupiter
             ,
             by
             reason
             it
             cast
             out
             Fire
             in
             three
             rising
             Hills
             ,
             like
             the
             Funnels
             of
             Chimneys
             ,
             casting
             up
             Stones
             ,
             and
             horribly
             Roaring
             like
             a
             Smiths
             Forge
             .
          
           
             STROMBOLO
             is
             another
             
               Aelian
               Island
            
             ,
             or
             rather
             a
             Burning
             Mountain
             in
             the
             Sea
             ,
             carrying
             its
             Flames
             and
             Fire
             so
             bright
             ,
             that
             it
             appears
             like
             a
             Beacon
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             seen
             in
             the
             dark
             for
             many
             Leagues
             ;
             held
             by
             some
             who
             know
             no
             better
             ,
             to
             be
             the
             mouth
             of
             Hell
             ;
             when
             indeed
             this
             and
             all
             other
             Burning
             Mountains
             are
             occasioned
             by
             the
             firing
             of
             Minerals
             ,
             or
             the
             unctuous
             Quality
             of
             the
             Earth
             ;
             thro
             the
             vehement
             Agitation
             of
             Heat
             and
             Cold
             ,
             strugling
             for
             mastery
             in
             the
             vacant
             Caverns
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             There
             are
             in
             this
             Tract
             18
             Islands
             ,
             called
             the
             Isles
             of
             Naples
             ,
             but
             only
             Isica
             ,
             and
             Capra
             ,
             and
             Aenaia
             are
             of
             any
             moment
             ,
             and
             these
             so
             small
             ,
             that
             they
             render
             little
             Trade
             :
             There
             are
             others
             called
             the
             
               Ligurian
               Islands
            
             ,
             viz.
             Elba
             and
             Gallinara
             and
             some
             others
             ,
             rather
             Rocks
             than
             Islands
             ;
             wherefore
             we
             pass
             them
             over
             as
             unworthy
             a
             place
             in
             this
             Book
             ;
             and
             thus
             much
             to
             these
             Islands
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Oriental
               Islands
            
             are
             those
             of
             the
             
               Eastern
               Seas
            
             ,
             and
             to
             these
             by
             many
             (
             tho
             somewhat
             improperly
             )
             are
             reckoned
             Rhodes
             and
             Cyprus
             ,
             Two
             famous
             Islands
             in
             the
             Mediterranean
             ,
             exceedingly
             abounding
             in
             all
             manner
             of
             Plenty
             ,
             and
             have
             for
             their
             Chief
             Cities
             Famagusta
             and
             Rhodes
             ,
             both
             Famous
             for
             their
             
             Strength
             ,
             and
             the
             Sieges
             they
             sustained
             against
             the
             whole
             Power
             of
             the
             Turks
             .
          
           
             ORMVS
             ,
             lying
             upon
             the
             
               Aethiopian
               Coast
            
             ,
             and
             a
             place
             much
             frequented
             ,
             spoken
             of
             before
             .
          
           
             ZELON
             ,
             a
             Famous
             Island
             for
             Plenty
             ,
             lying
             not
             far
             from
             the
             
               Indian
               Coast
            
             called
             
               Cape
               Comerein
            
             .
          
           
             MOLOCCOES
             ,
             Six
             Islands
             in
             Chief
             ,
             but
             have
             many
             other
             subject
             to
             them
             ,
             
               viz.
               Tidar
               ,
               Tarnate
               ,
               Macir
               ,
               Rachian
               ,
               Machin
               ,
            
             and
             Bottone
             ,
             the
             only
             Islands
             ,
             fruitfully
             abounding
             with
             Cloves
             ,
             Nutmegs
             ,
             Ginger
             ,
             Cinamon
             ,
             Aloes
             ,
             and
             Pepper
             ,
             for
             which
             they
             are
             much
             Traded
             to
             by
             the
             Europeans
             .
          
           
             AMBOYNA
             is
             an
             Island
             Fruitful
             in
             Lemons
             ,
             Oranges
             ,
             Cloves
             ,
             Cocoa's
             ,
             Bonanus
             Sugar
             Canes
             ,
             and
             other
             valuable
             Commodities
             ;
             and
             here
             it
             was
             the
             Dutch
             executed
             their
             Inhumane
             Cruelties
             on
             the
             English
             ,
             and
             is
             called
             one
             of
             the
             Islands
             of
             Sindae
             or
             Selebes
             ;
             the
             other
             Three
             being
             the
             
               Selebes
               ,
               Magassar
            
             ,
             and
             Gilolo
             ,
             considerably
             Rich
             and
             Plentiful
             ,
             but
             Inhabited
             partly
             by
             Canibals
             ,
             and
             partly
             by
             a
             rude
             sort
             of
             people
             ,
             little
             inferiour
             to
             them
             ;
             and
             next
             to
             these
             is
             Banta
             or
             Banda
             ,
             abounding
             with
             Nutmegs
             .
          
           
             JAVAMAJOR
             and
             Minor
             ,
             are
             Two
             extraordinary
             Islands
             abounding
             with
             Spices
             ,
             Rice
             ,
             and
             Cotton
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             things
             necessary
             for
             the
             subsistance
             of
             Life
             ,
             Governed
             by
             many
             Kings
             ,
             which
             are
             in
             continual
             War
             with
             each
             other
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             Tract
             are
             Bala
             and
             
               Madara
               ,
               Bocuro
               ,
               Burneo
            
             .
          
           
             SVMATRA
             ,
             is
             a
             very
             pleasant
             Island
             of
             
               East
               India
            
             ,
             as
             indeed
             are
             most
             of
             the
             
               Oriental
               Islands
            
             named
             ,
             700
             Miles
             in
             Length
             ,
             and
             200
             in
             Breadth
             ;
             and
             to
             these
             of
             this
             Tract
             we
             may
             add
             the
             
               Philippine
               Islands
            
             ,
             many
             in
             number
             ,
             but
             most
             of
             them
             small
             spots
             or
             specks
             in
             the
             Sea
             ;
             and
             the
             Chief
             of
             these
             Islands
             ,
             being
             in
             the
             possession
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             are
             
               Minbanao
               ,
               Lusson
               ,
               Tandain
            
             ,
             and
             Pollohan
             ,
             abounding
             with
             Fruit
             ,
             Cattle
             ,
             pleasant
             Rivers
             ,
             Fowls
             ,
             &c.
             
             
             Here
             are
             also
             the
             two
             Islands
             of
             Avirae
             ,
             lying
             West
             ward
             of
             Sumatra
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Islands
             of
             Africa
             Described
             .
          
           
             MADAGASCAR
             ,
             a
             large
             Island
             of
             1000
             Miles
             in
             Length
             ,
             and
             230
             Miles
             over
             ,
             Inhabited
             by
             Negroes
             ,
             where
             either
             Sex
             go
             Naked
             ,
             and
             consequently
             there
             is
             no
             Imployment
             for
             Taylors
             ;
             yet
             with
             the
             Natives
             the
             Europeans
             Trade
             ,
             tho
             mostly
             for
             Slaves
             ,
             Copper
             ,
             Gold
             ,
             Silver
             ,
             &c.
             and
             in
             this
             Tract
             are
             found
             the
             Islands
             of
             
               Chameree
               ,
               Meottey
               ,
               Mohelia
               ,
               Mauritius
               ,
               Johanan
               ,
            
             an
             a
             Woody
             Island
             ,
             called
             
               Englands
               Forrest
            
             ,
             but
             of
             no
             Trade
             ,
             though
             considerably
             Fruitful
             .
          
           
             Socotora
             ,
             is
             an
             Island
             lying
             at
             the
             Mouth
             of
             the
             Red
             Sea
             ,
             60
             miles
             in
             length
             ,
             and
             64
             in
             breadth
             ,
             abounding
             with
             Gums
             ,
             Alloes
             ,
             Spices
             ,
             &c.
             
             Here
             are
             also
             the
             Island
             of
             St.
             Thomas
             ,
             the
             Princes
             Island
             ,
             and
             the
             Gorgades
             ,
             in
             number
             9
             ,
             viz.
             St.
             Vincent
             ,
             St.
             Anthony
             ,
             St.
             
               Lucius
               ;
               Buenavisita
               ,
               Insula
               ,
               Salis
               ,
               Del
               ●ogo
               ,
            
             St.
             Nicholas
             ,
             St.
             James
             ,
             and
             St.
             Majo
             .
          
           
             The
             Canary
             Islands
             are
             in
             number
             7
             ,
             viz.
             The
             
               Grand
               Canary
               ,
               La
               Palma
               ,
               Teneriffa
               ,
               Lancerota
               ,
               Hieorro
               ,
               Forte
               Ventura
               ,
            
             and
             
               La
               Gomera
            
             ;
             all
             of
             them
             very
             plentiful
             ,
             abounding
             with
             Fruits
             ,
             Cattle
             ,
             &c.
             
             But
             above
             all
             ,
             the
             Canarys
             yield
             us
             the
             Wine
             ,
             taking
             its
             name
             from
             the
             Country
             ;
             and
             in
             one
             of
             them
             is
             found
             the
             Mount
             Teneriff
             ,
             much
             transcending
             the
             Clouds
             ,
             as
             being
             15
             miles
             in
             ascent
             .
          
           
             Maedera
             is
             a
             famous
             Island
             ,
             first
             discovered
             by
             an
             English
             Ship
             ,
             cast
             away
             upon
             the
             Coast
             ,
             now
             abounding
             with
             Corn
             ,
             Wine
             ,
             Honey
             ,
             Sugar
             Canes
             ,
             and
             Madder
             ,
             used
             in
             Dying
             :
             and
             upon
             the
             Coast
             is
             
               Holy
               Port
            
             ,
             an
             Island
             ,
             though
             but
             15
             miles
             in
             compass
             ,
             very
             fruitful
             and
             pleasant
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Azores
             are
             9
             in
             number
             ,
             
               viz.
               Tercera
            
             ,
             the
             principal
             ,
             St.
             Michael
             ,
             St.
             George
             ,
             St.
             
               Mary
               ,
               Fyall
               ,
               Gratiosa
               ,
               Pico
               ,
               Corno
               ,
            
             and
             Flores
             ,
             not
             being
             very
             Fruitful
             ,
             except
             the
             first
             .
          
           
             Hesperides
             ,
             or
             the
             Hesperian
             Islands
             ,
             are
             3
             in
             number
             ,
             
               viz.
               Buanista
               ,
               Mayo
            
             ,
             and
             Sal
             ,
             lying
             about
             an
             100
             miles
             from
             the
             Continent
             of
             Africk
             ,
             being
             in
             themselves
             not
             only
             Fruitful
             ,
             but
             exceeding
             pleasant
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             temperate
             Air
             ,
             which
             occasioned
             the
             Poetical
             Fictions
             ,
             of
             their
             being
             the
             Elizium
             Fields
             ,
             or
             aboad
             of
             happy
             Souls
             after
             their
             departure
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             American
             Islands
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             JAMAICA
             ,
             now
             an
             English
             Colony
             ,
             lately
             taken
             from
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             is
             170
             miles
             in
             length
             ,
             and
             70
             in
             breadth
             ,
             very
             pleasant
             and
             temperate
             ,
             considerably
             Fruitful
             ,
             abounding
             with
             Oranges
             ,
             Lemons
             ,
             Cocoa
             Nuts
             ,
             Pomgranates
             ,
             and
             other
             curious
             Fruits
             ,
             abounding
             with
             Cattle
             as
             England
             ,
             the
             Trees
             alwaies
             Green
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             BARBADOES
             ,
             an
             other
             English
             Colony
             ,
             is
             very
             well
             inhabited
             ,
             yielding
             store
             of
             Sugar
             ,
             Cattle
             ,
             Corn
             ,
             &c.
             though
             not
             exceeding
             14
             or
             15
             miles
             in
             length
             .
          
           
             BERMVDES
             ,
             called
             the
             Summer
             Islands
             ,
             are
             very
             pleasant
             ,
             abounding
             with
             Oranges
             ,
             Sugar
             ,
             and
             other
             Commodities
             ,
             breeding
             in
             their
             Mulberry
             Trees
             ,
             great
             store
             of
             Silk-worms
             ,
             which
             return
             to
             considerable
             account
             .
          
           
             
               ST
               .
               CHRISTOPHERS
            
             is
             a
             small
             Island
             ,
             yet
             produces
             store
             of
             Tobacco
             ,
             Cotton
             ,
             Ginger
             ,
             full
             of
             Woods
             and
             steep
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             is
             possessed
             by
             the
             English
             and
             French.
             
          
           
             NEVIS
             ,
             about
             18
             miles
             in
             circumference
             ,
             is
             a
             Colony
             of
             the
             English
             ,
             and
             produces
             Cotton
             ,
             Sugar
             ,
             Ginger
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
           
             ANTEGO
             is
             about
             7
             Leagues
             in
             length
             ,
             and
             as
             much
             in
             breadth
             ,
             with
             very
             rocky
             Shoars
             ,
             unsafe
             for
             Shipping
             ,
             yet
             abounding
             in
             Fruit
             ,
             Fish
             ,
             Venison
             ,
             Tobacco
             ,
             Indico
             ,
             Sugar
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             HISPANIOLA
             ,
             350
             Leagues
             in
             Circumference
             ,
             very
             Fruitful
             ,
             as
             are
             all
             the
             Islands
             in
             this
             Tract
             ,
             
               viz.
               Cuba
               ,
               Laba
               ,
               Balima
               ,
               Lucayoneque
               ,
               Abacoo
               ,
               Biminy
               ,
               Labaquene
               ,
               Viemo
               ,
               Curateo
               ,
               Gotao
               ,
               Oquaato
               ,
               Samana
               ,
            
             St.
             
               Salvador
               ,
               Le
               Triangulo
            
             ,
             St.
             
               Vincent
               ,
               Dominica
               ,
               Anguila
            
             ,
             and
             some
             others
             ,
             scarcely
             taken
             notice
             of
             by
             Historians
             ,
             as
             for
             the
             most
             part
             not
             inhabited
             ,
             yet
             visited
             frequently
             by
             the
             Neighbouring
             Islanders
             ,
             upon
             the
             account
             of
             the
             wild
             Cattle
             and
             Fruits
             found
             in
             them
             ;
             and
             for
             the
             conveniency
             of
             the
             Fishing
             Trade
             .
             And
             upon
             these
             Coasts
             of
             America
             ,
             are
             lately
             setled
             two
             Colonies
             of
             English
             ,
             in
             Pensylvania
             and
             Carolina
             ,
             very
             prosperous
             and
             thriving
             :
             But
             not
             having
             more
             room
             for
             a
             further
             Description
             ,
             we
             must
             ,
             after
             having
             thus
             far
             proceeded
             ,
             put
             a
             period
             to
             this
             our
             History
             of
             the
             Universe
             .
          
           
             
               Hoping
               't
               will
               find
               acceptance
               ,
               since
               Mankind
            
             
               To
               struggle
               for
               the
               World
               is
               much
               inclin'd
               .
            
          
           
             FINIS
             .