Compendium geographicum, or, A more exact, plain, and easie introduction into all geography ... after the latest discoveries, or alterations, very useful, especially for young noblemen and gentlemen, the like not printed in English / by Peregrin Clifford Chamberlayne ... Chamberlayne, Peregrine Clifford. 1682 Approx. 214 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 79 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A31608 Wing C1861_VARIANT ESTC R36299 15633263 ocm 15633263 104272 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A31608) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 104272) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1183:34) Compendium geographicum, or, A more exact, plain, and easie introduction into all geography ... after the latest discoveries, or alterations, very useful, especially for young noblemen and gentlemen, the like not printed in English / by Peregrin Clifford Chamberlayne ... Chamberlayne, Peregrine Clifford. [16], 140 p. Printed for William Crook ..., London : 1682. Includes a gazetteer. Imperfect: faded, with print show-through; p. 137 torn, with some loss of print. Reproduction of original in the Huntington Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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Gazetteers -- Early works to 1800. 2006-07 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-07 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-06 Robyn Anspach Sampled and proofread 2007-06 Robyn Anspach Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion Compendium Geographicum : OR , A More Exact , Plain , and Easie INTRODUCTION INTO ALL GEOGRAPHY , Then yet Extant , after the latest Discoveries , or Alterations ; Very Useful , especially for Young Noblemen and Gentlemen , the like not printed in English . By Peregrin Clifford Chamberlayne , of the Inner Temple , Gent. LONDON : Printed for William Crook , at the Green Dragon without Temple Bar , 1682. TO THE Right Honourable CHARLES Lord HERBERT , Son and Heir to the Lord Marquess of Worcester . My Lord , THE Honour that I have had of your Lordships most obliging Kindness and Favour , in your Travels abroad , hath animated me humbly to beg your Lordships Patronage over these my first Fruits ; not that by this Enchiridion , or small Pocket-book , I pretend to add any thing to the Knowledge of a Person , who before he had attained to the Age of thirteen Years , et Mores Hominum multorum vidit , et Urbes ; and who now at the Age of twenty , is endowed with so much Judgment , Wisdom and Discretion , as appears every day , my Lord , by your eminent Service towards your King , and Country , in a most diligent and dextrous administration of Justice : Not ( I say ) that this Epitome of Geography can add to your Lordships Knowledge ; but only , that when your Lordships Illustrious Name shall appear in the Front hereof , it may the sooner encourage the young Nobility and Gentry of this Nation , to make use of it ; which is the main Aim of , MY LORD , Your Lordships Most humble , and Most obedient Servant ; P. C. Chamberlayne . THE PREFACE . I Will not go about to say very much in commendation of this Science , neither could I speak its praise enough to satisfie my self , had I that intention ; therefore I will leave it to some more skilful Encomiast : But I cannot sufficiently admire , to see it thus neglected in a Nation where all other Arts and Sciences do flourish , and abound in so great a measure : No excuse ought to suffice any well bred Person for his ignorance in Geography ; this being a Science , and I may truly say , the only Science that comes within the capacity of all Mankind , whether old or young , Men or Women ; for any one may easily attain to the knowledge of it that has but a Memory , a few Maps and a little Method ; and methinks he that is ignorant of it , ( especially if a Man of parts ) must needs blush every time he reads the Gazette , and cannot give an account in what Country is seated such a Place , or Town of note ; and surely he must be strangely out of countenance to hear himself baffled in Geography by every ordinary Seaman : Yet I hope there will not be found among our Oxonians , that shall assert the Moors came out of Greece , ( as did a Gentleman of the Vniversity of Paris ) because part of this Country is now called Morea ; and I can speak of my own knowledge of a young Minister beyond Sea , who took Copenhagen to be the name of a Dutch Commander . I may be bold to say , that this Science is not necessary in our daily conversation only ; for he that understands it has no less advantage towards the reading of any History , and he cannot but acknowledge that his skill in Maps gives an extraordinary light to what he reads : Besides , no one will deny but that it is also very delightful to travel round the Earth , and visit each part thereof , without danger , and without quitting their Native Country , Friends and Relations : And seeing that God has allotted the Earth , and all that is in it to be under the Jurisdiction of Man ; it seems as if they , who are wholly ignorant of the Form , and Dimensions of this Lower World , and of the Situation , Extent , or Division of it's Parts , did in some sort slight , and despise the Creation . 'T is true , there are other Sciences not a little advantagious to him who will throughly understand a History , as Chronology and Genealogy ; yet Geography is placed before these of course ; for the Question is generally asked , first Where , and afterwards When , and by Whom this or that thing was done . Moreover , God having created the Earth before he made Man , it would seem something absurd to be well versed in the state of Humane Affairs , and altogether ignorant of the Countries wherein they were acted . Knowing that a good Method ought chiefly to be observed in this , as well as in other Sciences ; I have therefore imitated that of Monsieur de Launay , a very learned Man , in his Introduction to Geography , printed two or three years ago in France , from whence I translated what made most for my purpose ; but from the beginning to the end of this small Treatise , I have endeavoured to observe that Brevity which I first proposed to myself ; therefore if any esteem this Volume too little for the Subject whereof it treats , I must Apologize for my self , and it , with Brevitas Memoriae Amica ; nevertheless I will at the same time affirm without any thing of Vanity , that there is no Geography now extant in English , except one of two of a large Bulk and larger Price , that treats so fully as this of all the parts of the known Earth , with their Subdivisions . I confess I have inserted very little of the Historical Part , that it might be the more compendious , and to make the more room for what belongs purely to Geography , which induces me to hope that the Reader will here find Magnum in Parvo : To conclude I have taken all the care imaginable to render this Geography clear and easie , even to the meanest Capacity , and not to spell the Proper Nomes wrong , or miscall them , an Error too frequent in most others ; by which confusion the Reader is not seldom discouraged to proceed , in what he began perhaps with no small delight . Concerning the Vse of the Globe , and Maps . MY Intention at first , was to have enlarged a little more upon this Subject of the Use of Maps ; but Mr. Guy Miege has lately prevented me with a Treatise called , A new Survey of the whole World ; wherein , as well this point , as all others relating to Cosmography , are discussed by way of Dialogue : I will therefore be as brief as possible , at least concerning any matter whereof he has already treated . Geography , in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. a description of the Earth , is compounded of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which signifies the Earth , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to write or describe : Here the Earth must not be taken simply but for one Element , as in Natural Philosophy , but must be understood to be a Terraqeous Globe , that is , a Globe composed of two Elements , Earth and Water , which together make one Spherical Body , commonly called the Earth , as being the name of the more worthy part . This Science differs from Cosmography as one part doth from the whole , for the word Cosmography has a signification far more comprehensive , as is demonstrated by its Erymology , being derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the World , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to describe ; now by the World is meant the Heavens with the four Elements , &c. As Cosmography includes under it Geography , so this latter comprehends Chorography , i. e. a description of a Country from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or rather 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Country , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 : But the description of a particular Place , as a small Territory , Town , Castle , &c. Is called Topography , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 locus and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . As to the Lines , Circles , or Points , of most use in Geography , either upon the Globe , or in Maps , we will begin with the Axle-tree of the World ; which you must conceive by an imaginary Line drawn through the Center , or middle of the Earth to each Pole : Now the two extremities of this Line are called Poles , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Greek Verb signifying to turn , for that the whole Frame of the Earth moves , or turns round upon this Axle-tree . If you will fancy Poles to any of the Circles , those of the Equator are the same with the Poles of the Earth , and the four lesser Circles being parallel to the Equator , have also by consequence the same Poles : The Horizon may have the same , because it is a Circle movable every way ; but the Meridian , and Zodiack must of necessity have different Poles , as well from the rest of the Circles , as from one another . Here you ought to take notice , that the Pole of the World which is nearest us , is termed Artick Pole , or North Pole , the other South , or Antarctick Pole : The word Arctick is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in English a Bear , there being a Constellation ( or Company of Stars ) near the North-pole , to which Astronomers give the likeness of a Bear : Antarctick is compounded of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 contra , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , because this pole is diametrically opposite to the other . The next thing worthy of consideration , is the division of the Globe by these eight Circles ; whereof four divide the Globe into equal parts , whence they are called Great Circles , because they have as large a Circumference as can be made upon the Globe : The other four divide the Globe into unequal parts , and consequently making a narrower Compass , are termed Lesser Circles . The Greater are called , Equator , Zodiack , Meridian , Horizon . The Lesser are called , Tropick of Cancer , Tropick of Capricorn , Artick Circle , Antartick Circle . The Equator being one of the Great Circles , divides the Earth into two equal parts , the one North , the other South : It is also called Equinoctial Line , ab aequalitate Noctium , because when the Sun arrives to this Circle the Nights are every where of equal length with the Days : But Mariners call it the Mid-line , or simply the Line 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Vpon this Circle are marked the Degrees of Longitude , which are counted from the Great Meridian quite round the Globe , to the number of three hundred and sixty . You will find this Great Meridian in most Maps to pass by the Canary Islands . The Zodiack cuts the Equator obliquely , and is divided into twelve parts , Signs , or Houses , through which the Sun passeth within the compass of twelve Months , or three hundred sixty five Days , and something more : And because the Signs placed upon this Circle represent the figures of Animals , the word Zodiack takes it's derivation from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which signifies a living Creature . Next we come to the Meridian , a word that is applied to eighteen Whole , or rather thirty six Half Circles ; but you may imagine as many as you please , and then every step a man makes Eastward , or Westward , he alters the Meridian ; but not if he goes exactly North and South . These Meridians cross the Equator in a Rect-Angle , whose extremities meet all together in the Center of each Frigid Zone , and are thus termed from the word Meridies , in English Noon or Mid-day ; because to whatsoever Meridian the Sun arrives , it is Mid-day with those who inhabit under it . Vpon the Great Meridian you will find marked the Degrees of Latitude , the first Degree beginning at the Equator , from whence they are to be counted Northwards to the Arctick Pole , which is ninety Degrees ; and in the same manner ninety Degrees from the Equator to the Antarctick Pole. The last Great Circle is called the Horizon , from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin finiens or terminans , for that each Hemisphere ( or half Sphere ) is limited , and distinguished from one another by this Circle ; vel quod aspectum nostrum definiat , dividing the half Sphere of the Firmament which we see , from the other half which we see not . The place where any one stands is the Center of his Hemisphere and Horizon , and the Poles of his Horizon are the same with two imaginary points in the Heavens called Zenith , and Nadir , borrowed from two words of the Arabian Tongue , Semith , and Nathir ; the former signifies the point directly over his Head , the latter is a point in the other Hemisphere diametrically opposite to it ; but as soon as he stirs from that place , he changes ( tho insensibly ) his Horizon , Zenith , and Nadir , and makes an alteration in his Hemisphere . As to the four Lesser Circles ; two of them , the Tropick of Cancer , and the Tropick of Capricorn , compass the Globe at twenty three Degrees and a half of Latitude , which ( as I said above ) is at so many Degrees distance from the Equator , but the former is in the Northern , and the latter in the Southern Latitude : They have the name of Tropicks from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 verto , because when the Sun has attained the Tropick of Cancer he turns back again by degrees to that of Capricorn , unto which when he is arrived , he returns again in like manner to that of Cancer , which is his Annual Course ; but this is by an Oblique Motion from West to East , and must be more clearly demonstrated upon the Globe it self : The names of Cancer and Capricorn are borrowed from two Signs of the Zodiack , that are hard by the two Tropicks . The other two are the Arctick , and the Antarctick Circles , which compass but very little portions of the Globe , by reason that they are at sixty six Degrees and a half of Latitude : They are also called Polar Circles , because they lie nearer than any of the rest to the Poles , the Arctick Circle being distant from the North Pole but twenty three Degrees and a half , the Antarctick as many Degrees from the South Pole. The Etymologies of Arctick and Antarctick , has the like reason with what I said above concerning the Poles . These lesser Circles make a division of the Globe into five Parts or Zones ; one Torrid or Hot , two Frigid or Cold , and two Temperate ; they are called Zones from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Girdle or Band. The Torrid Zone is all that space of Earth between the two Tropicks : The two Frigid zones are enclosed , one within the Arctick , and t'other within the Antarctick Circle ; and between the Torrid , and each Frigid , lie the two Temperate Zones , which do thereby partake of a more equal mixture of Heat and Cold. As the Globe is made up of two parts , Earth , and Water , so each of these Elements have their parts and subdivisions : To begin with the Earth , it may most properly be divided first into Islands and Continents . An Island is a Country , or portion of Land compassed about with Sea , or other Water ; as Great Britain , Sicily Candy , &c. Continents are of two sorts : First a Continent properly so called , is a large quantity of Land having little or no Sea near it ; as Muscovy , Poland , &c. The other sort of Continents , are those which are almost environed with Water , to which the name of Peninsula , or Chersonesus , is more fitly applied ; such is Morea , the South part of Greece . Peninsula must be understood quasi penè and Insula almost an Island ; and Chersonesus is taken from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Terra , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Insula . In Isthmus ( from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to enter ) is that space or Neck of Land , which joins a Peninsula to the Continent , and is called sometimes a Straight , though improperly . A Promontory , quasi Mons in Mare prominens , now commonly styled Cape or Head , is a Hill , or Point of Land , stretching out into the Sea. All the Water upon the Globe goes under the denomination of Seas , Lakes , and Rivers ; but where the Sea is of a large extent , and not intermingled with Land , as between America and Astrick , it is generally termed Ocean ; and when a small part of the Sea is almost environed with Land , they commonly give it the name of Gulf , as the Red Sea , the Gulf of Venice , &c. and that narrow passage by which a Gulf is joyned to the Main Sea , is called a Straight : But a Gulf that is of no great compass , as six , seven , or eight Mile , is more properly stiled a Bay or Creek ; yet it is sometimes otherwise . A Lake is a large place of a considerable depth , always full of Water , and compassed about with Land , not having any entercourse with the Sea , unless by a Subterranean passage , or by some River ; as the Lake of Geneva between Swizzerland and Savoy . A River is a stream of Water which has it's beginning from a Spring , or Lake , from whence it flows continually without intermission , and at last empties it self into the Sea. Now to make a comparison of some parts of the Earth with others of the Water , you will find that the Description of a Continent resembles that of the Ocean ; and the Form of an Island , that of a Lake : A Peninsula in point of Figure is not unlike a Gulf ; and an Isthmus has the same relation to the former , as a Straight has to the latter . Least any one should make use of Maps that are erroneous or defective ; this is to give notice , that the most exact Maps are those of Sanson , and Du Val , the two famous French Geographers ; unto which ( as being the best ) I have adapted this little Geography . A Short and Easie INTRODUCTION INTO GEOGRAPHY . CHAP. I. Of the Earth in general . GEOGRAPHY is the Description of the Terrestrial Globe , represented by the Maps of Geography , which are the true plat-forms of it , and by the help thereof it is made easie to us . The Terrestrial Globe being round , cannot be represented in the Map of the Earth but by two Hemispheres ; the one Eastern , and the other Western . To the end that you may know the Situation of the places in the Maps , you must observe that the North is always on the top , ( or at least should be so ) the South at the bottom ; the East on the right hand , the West on the left . The Terrestrial Globe is divided into Land and Water : The Land is distinguished in the Maps by the places filled up , the Sea by the empty , and the Rivers by the small lines which go winding in and out through the Land towards the Sea , where at last they all end ; the Mountains and Hills are easily known , being made like little Mole-hills or like small Waves , the Forests by small Shrubs , the Rocks and the Banks of Sand by little black specks pricked in the Water ; and certain shadows or small stroaks , which one may see in the Maps all along between the Sea and Land , serve to mark the Sea Coasts , and to divide the Land from the Water . The Division of the Earth ought to precede that of the Water , because it is the dwelling place of Man , and because the knowledge of it is more noble and necessary . All the Surface of the habitable Earth is divided into four great parts , ( which the Vulgar call Worlds , and the Geographers Continents ) and into several Islands which lie up and down in the Ocean , or within narrow Seas , which make as it were a fifth part . CHAP II. Of the Continents . THE first Continent , which we inhabit , is called the Eastern Continent , but most commonly the Ancient World : It comprehends three parts , to wit , Europe , situated in the North-west part of this Continent ; then Asia , which is the greatest and most Easterly part ; and last of all Asrick which lies South-west from the other two . The second Continent , which lies westerly from us , is called America , or the New World , and by the Merchants and Mariners , the West Indies , or the little Indies , supposed to be called anciently Atlantis Insula , the Isle of Atlas : It is divided into two parts , to wit North America or Mexicana , and South America or Peruviana . The third Continent , which is the most Southerly part , is known to us by the name of Magellanica , or Terra Incognita , The fourth is the most Northern Continent , called Terra Arctica , whereof we have so little knowledge , that we doubt yet whether or no it is separated from America . In the old World ; first Europe is subdivided into eight great parts ; or to make a more convenient division , one may add the Brittish Isles , and so divide it into nine parts ; whereof three are towards the North and cold , three in the middle of Europe which are temperate , and three towards the South more hot ; to which great parts add three small ones , interlaced between the others . The three Northern parts are , 1. The Brittish Isles , which comprehend the Kingdoms of England , Scotland and Ireland ; the chief Towns are London , Edenburg , and Dublin . 2. Scandinavia , which includes the Kingdoms of Swedeland , Denmark , ( at first inhabited by the Cimbri or Cimbrians ) and Norway ; chief Towns , Stockholm , Copenhagen , and Drunthem . 3. Thirdly Muscovy or Russia , which with Poland in the time of the Romans was called Sarmaria , ch . T. Mosco , Great Novogrod , and Archangel . The three parts of Europe which partake more equally of North and South are . 4. France , ch . T. Paris , Lyons , and Rouen . 5. The Empire of the West , or Germany , ch . T. Vienna , Prague and Colen , 6. Poland , ch . T. Cracow , Warsaw , and Dantzick . The three Southern parts of Europe are , 7. Spain , ch . T. Madrid , Sevil , and Lisbon in Portugal . 8. Italy , ch . T. Rome , Venice , and Naples . 9. Turky in Europe , or Greece , ch . T. Constantinople , ( before Constantine the Emperour called Bizantium , ) Adrianople ; and Buda in Hungary . The three little parts of Europe interlaced between the great ones , and often comprehended under them are , 10. The Low Countries , or the Seventeen Provinces , between France , Germany , and he Brittish Seas , ch . T. Amsterdam , Brussels , and Gaunt . 11. The Swizzerland Cantons and their Allies , between France , Italy ▪ and Germany , ch . T. Bern , Basil , and Soloturn . 12. The Provinces tributary to the Turk , ch . T. Hermanstat in Transilvania , Jazy or Jaick●a in Moldavia , Targowisko in Walachia , ( all three lying between Turky and Poland , and comprised within the bounds of the ancient Country of Dacia ) and Kaffa in Little Tartary once called Scythia Taurica , between Pontus Euxinus or the Black Sea , and Muscovy . The most remarkable Mountains of Europe ▪ are , the Riphaean Mountains towards the North of Muscovy , now called Stolp ; the Carpathian Hills now Crapack , between Hungary and Poland ; the Alps , between Italy , France , and Germany ; the Apennine , parting Italy down along through the middle of the whole length of it ; the Pyrenies , which divide Spain from France ; and Mount Gibel , anciently Aetna , in the Isle of Sicily . Asia is divided into twelve great parts , six of them Southern , and the other six Northern . The six Southern parts , beginning with those that are next to Europe are , 1. Turky in Asia , ch . T. Aleppo , Bagdat , Mosul , Jerusalem , Damascus , Scanderoonor Alexandretta , Erzerum , Bursa , and Smirna . In this part of Asia were anciently the Countries of Chaldaea , Mesopotamia , Judaea , Phoenicia , Syria , Cilicia , Pamphilia , Phrygia , with many others . 2. Arabia , ch . T. Medina , Mecca , Ziden , Zibit , Aden and El-Catif , 3. Persia , ch . T. Ispahan , Ormuz , Schiras , Caswin , Ardevil , and Derbent . 4. The Indian Continent or the Empire of the Mogol , ch . T. Agra , Delli , Bengala , Cambaia , Surate , and Lahor . 5. The two Peninsula's of the Indies , one on this side the River Ganges , and the other beyond , ch . T. Goa , Golconda , and Narsinga on this side the Ganges ; and Pegu , Sian , and Malacca beyond . 6. C hina , ch . T. Peking , Nanking , Quancheu , Queyang , Nanciang , and Macao . The six Northern parts of Asia are , 7. Georgia , situated on the North of Turky , which includes the ancient Country of Colchos , ch . T. Kori or Goreden , Teslis , and Savatopoli . 8. Vsbeck , Ziagathai , or Mavaralnahara , on the North side of Persia , ch . T. Samarcand , famous for the birth of Tamerlane the Great , Bockora , and Cascar . 9. Turquestan , or Thebet , on the East of Ziagathay , ch . T. Thebet , and Chotan . 10. Tartary of the great Cham , by some called Cathay , Northward from China , ch . T. Muoncheu heretofore Cambalu , Campion otherwise Tanguth , and Camul or Xàmo . 11. Tartary Desart , towards the North Sea , and Muscovy , ch . T. Astracan upon the Wolga near the Caspian Sea , Cazan , and Bulgar . 12. The true ancient Tartary called the North Tartary , above Cathay , and Turquestain , ch . T. Chazan or Kaimach , Ciandu , and Tartar in the North. These five last parts are commonly comprehended under the name of Great Tartary anciently Scythia . Taurus is the chief Mountain in Asia , by the Greeks called Ceraunius ; it passeth through most of the Countries in Asia , but under divers names : in the Western part of Turky 't is most properly called Taurus , more Northerly towards Georgia , 't is named Ararat , again in the middle of Persia , Taurus ; it takes the name of Imaus in Tartary , and between Tartary and the Indies 't is called Caucasus , by which name the Mountains in Georgia are also called . Africk which is the most Southerly Region of our Continent , is divided into twelve parts , whereof these six first compose the Vpper Africk towards Europe in time past Libya , and the six others make up the Lower Africk called before Aethipia , situated towards the South . Let us begin with the Vpper Africk and see its divisions which are . 1. Barbary , which comprehends most of the Ancient Mauritania , ch . T. Fez , Marocco , Tangier , Algier , Tunis , and Tripoli . 2. Bildulgerid or Numidia , ch . T. Dara , Segelmessa , and Tesset . 3. Egypt , ch . T. Grand Cairo , Alexandria , Rosetta , Damiata , Suez or Calzem , and Cossir . 4. Zaara or the Desart , ch . T. Zuenziga , Targa or Zaghara , and Zanhaga . 5. The Land of the Blacks , or Nigritia , ch . T. Tombote , Genehoa , Gualata , Cano , Cassena , Cantozi , Mandinga , Gago , and Guber . 6. Guinny , ch . T. Benin , Arda , and St. George of the Mine , or Mina . 7. Nubia , ch . T. Nubia , Dancala , and Jalac . 8. Congo , ch . T. St. Salvador , St. Paolo or Angola , and Dongo . 9. Abissinia , ch . T. Amara , Depsan , Cangan , Boxa , Fremona , Caxumo , Arquico , Doncala , and Suaquem . 10. Zanguebar , ch . T. Mozambick , Quiloa , Mombaza , Melinda , Brava , and Magadoxo . 11. Monomotopa , ch . T. Madragan commonly called Monomotopa , Zimbaoe or Massapa , and Butua . 12. Cafreria , or the Coast of the Caffres , ch . T. Zofala . Africk hath these Mountains following , viz. Mount Atlas , now more comonly called Claros , between Barbary and Bildulgerid ; Lunae Mons , the Lunar Hills or the Mountains of the Moon , so called by reason of their height , lying between the Country of the Abissines , and Monomotopa : most Geographers are of the opinion that the River Nilus springs from these Mountains , yet ( new discoveries being lately made ) it is thought otherwise by some . Lastly the Mountains of Sierra Liona in Guinny . America is also divided into twelve parts , whereof four lie towards the North , and eight towards the South , separated from one another by the Istmus of Panama . The four parts towards the North , which compose North America are , 1. Canada or New France , ch . T. Quebeck , Montreal , and Tadousack . 2. New Mexico , ch T. Sta. Fe or St. Faith , and New Granada . 3. New England , including part of Florida , ( the rest being comprehended under New Spain ) all Virginia , New Holland otherwise called New York , and New England comprised in it self ; ch . T. Boston , New-Town or Cambridg , James-Town , New Plymouth , New York , and Charles-Town . 4. Mexico or New Spain , ch . T. Mexico , Compostella , Guadalaiara , Valladolid , Acapulco , St. Jago de Guatimala , Leon , Truxillo , and Merida . The eight other parts make South America , viz. 5. Castilla del Oro , ch . T. Panama , Porto-Belo , Carthagena , Sta. Martha , Coro , and Sta. Fe de Bogota . 6. Guyana , ch . T. Manoa or El Dorado , Ceperou or Fort Lewis , and Corou . 7. Peru , ch . T. Lima or Los Retes , Cusco , St. Francis , Arica , Potosi , and La Plata . 8. Brasil , ch . T. St. Salvador , Porto-Seguro , Spiritu Santo , St. Sebastian , St. Vincent , Olinda , Tamaraca , Potengi , and Maranhaon . 9. Paraguay comprehending La Plata , ch . T. The Assumption , Buenos Aires , and Sta. Fe. 10. Tucuman , ch . T. St. Jago del Estero , St. Miguel , and Cordova . 11. Chili , ch . T. St. Jago , the Conception , and Baldivia . 12 , Magellanica , the chief Town ( if it may be called a Town ) is St. Philip , otherwise nick named Port-Famine . As for the Mountains in this part of the Earth , the Andes in Peru , between Tu●um●n and Chili , and in Magellanica , are the most famous of America , and the only Mountains worth taking notice of in this small Treatise . CHAP. III. Of the Islands . THE most famous Islands round about the World , are either about our Continent or America . Those of our Continent are of Europe , Asia , or Africk . The Islands of Europe are either in the Ocean , as Great Britain , Ireland , and Island , anciently Thule ; or In the Mediterranean Sea , as Sicily , Candy , ( which of old was called Creet ) and Sardinia ; or In the Baltick Sea , as Zeeland , Fuien or Funen , and Rugen . The Islès of Asia are divided into these eight parts following , viz. 1. The Japan Islands . 2. The Islands of China . 3. The Philippine Islands . 4. The Molucco Islands . 5. The Islands of the Sound . 6. The Isle of Zeilan . 7. The Maldive Islands . 8. The Isle of Cyprus . The African Islands make six divisions or parts ; viz. 1. The Island of Madagascar , or St. Lawrence . 2. The Isles of St. Helena , the Ascension , the Isle of St. Thomas under the Equinoctial Line , with many of less note up and down in the Aethiopian Sea. 3. The Isles of Cape Verd , or ( as heretofore ) the Hesperian Isles . 4. The Canary ( anciently Fortunate ) Islands . 5. The Islands of Madera . 6. The Isle of Malta , with some lesser Islands adjacent to it . The Islands of America are also divided into six parts ; viz. 1. The Isles Azores , or Terceran Islands , which some make to belong to Africk . 2. The Isles of New-found Land. 3. The Isles of the Antilles , or the Antego Islands . 4. The great Island of Calisurnia . 5. The Isles of New Guinny , or of the Pacifick Ocean . 6. The Magellanick Islands , by the Straight of Magellan . The Magellanick Continent , and Terra Arctica shall not be spoken of here , being not yet fully discovered . CHAP. IV. Of the Seas , Gulfs , Straights , Lakes and Rivers . THE Water which doth incompass or separate the parts of the Terrestrial Globe are divided into Seas , Gulfs , Straights , Lakes , and Rivers . The great Sea which environs our Continent , is called the Ocean , which is divided into four parts . 1. The Northern Ocean , called the Frozen , and in time past the Scythian Sea , which comprehends the Sea of Tartary , of Muscovy , and of Scandinavia . 2. The Western or Atlantick Ocean ; this contains the Seas of Great Britain , France and Spain , with the Sea of the Canaries , and of Guinny . 3. The Southern Ocean or Aethiopian , comprehends the Seas of Congo or Angola , of Casreria , and that of Zanguebar . 4. The Eastern , Oriental or Indian Ocean includes the Arabian Sea , the Persian , the Indian , and the Sea of China . The great Sea about America is divided into the North Sea , the South or Pacifick Sea , and the Sea of Magellanica . 1. The North Sea is divided into three parts , according to the Countries adjacent ; viz. the Sea of Canada or New France , the Mexican Sea or the Sea of New Spain , and the Sea of Brasil . 2. The Pacifick Sea comprehends in it's full extent , the Seas of Peru , of New Mexico , and the Archipelago of St. Lazarus , towards China and the East Indies . 3. The Magellanick Sea waters all the coast of Terra Magellanica , within the compass of which is included the Seas of Paraguay , Magellanica , and Chili . But leaving these exact subdivisions of the Seas ; this you must observe , that the Seas always ( or most commonly ) borrow the names of the adjacent Countries ; so that he who understands the division of the Maritime States , and of the Islands , knows for the most part the names of the Seas . The three most famous Gulfs of our Continent , which for their greatness are called Seas , are the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Africk ; the Baltick Sea between Sweden , Germany and Poland ; and the Red Sea between Asia and Africk . The three Gulfs of America are , the Gulf of Mexico between Mexico and Florida ; Hudsons Gulf or Bay North-Westward from Canada ; and the Gulf of La Plata in Paraguay . The three most famous Straights of the World , are the Straights of Gibraltar ( the Nè plus ultra of the Ancients ) between Europe and Africk , this joins the Mediterranean Sea to the Ocean ; the Straights of Magellan between America and Terra Magellanica ; and the Straights of Anian between our Continent and the Land of Jesso . The three most considerable Lakes round about the Terrestrial Globe are , 1. In Asia on the North side of Persia , the Caspian Lake or Sea , otherwise called the Sea of Kilan , or of Sala . 2. The Lake Parima under the Equator , in Guyana . 3. The Lake called the Fresh-water Sea in Canada . The most famous Rivers in the World are , in Europe nine ; the Thames in England , Tornia in Scandinavia , Wolga in Muscovy , the Loire in France , the Rhine in Germany , the Weyssell or Wistule in Poland , the River Tagus now Taio in Spain , Po in Italy , and the Danow or Danube in Turky in Europe . In Asia twelve ; Euphrates , and Tigris in Turky in Asia ; Indus or Sind , Ganges , the River of Pegu , and Menan in India ; Kiang , and Hoang or Caramoran in China ; Ghammas , Jihun or Balch , anciently Oxus , Ardock or Alsagsh , in time past Jaxartes , and Obius in Great Tartary . Six in Africk , viz. Nile in Abissinia , and in Egypt , Niger in Nigritia , Ghir in Zaara , the Zair in Congo , Zambera , and Spiritu Santo , in Monomotopa and Cafreria . In America there are also six ; the River of St. Laurence in Canada , Paria or Orenoke between Castilla del Oro , and Guyana , the River of the Amazons , otherwise Orelhana in Peru , that of St. Francis in Brasil , the River Parana in Paraguay , and that of La Plata in the same Country , the largest River in the World , the mouth of which is not unfitly stiled a Gulf. CHAP. V. Of Europe in general . ALL our design in this little Compendium of Geography is , to take particular care to describe Europe , the knowledge whereof is most necessary for us . Although Europe gives place to Asia , Africk , and America , for greatness and extent , nevertheless it 's infinite number of advantages render it , without contradiction , the most considerable part of the inhabitable World. For if we consider the situation of it , we shall find that ( lying in the middle of the Temperate Zone ) the Countries of this part of the World are exceedingly more fertile , and fuller of People than those of the other three . Moreover it is to be observed , that through the natural situation of the Countries of Europe , the Inhabitants have great trading one among another by the means of the Seas , Straights , and Gulfs which belong to it , and by the convenience of a great number of Rivers which run through all parts of it ; so that by their Voyages , Navigation , Trade , and their frequent Wars , they are become the most expert People in the World , and so warlike , that they have in their hands the Soverainty of the other parts of the Earth . Witness the Conquests of the Grecians and Romans in old times , and the victorious Navigations in this Age , by which the Spaniards , the English , the French , and the Hollanders have added what was wanting to their own felicity , by the spoils of forreign Nations that they have overcome . Besides , Europe receives a greater advantage by the profession of the Gospel of JESVS CHRIST , whose light seems to have been retracted from the other parts of the world , that it might shine brighter , and more gloriously in Europe . Again , the Arts ▪ and Sciences , the Policy , Strength , and Magnificence of the Cities , the excellent structure of all the Buildings , the courage and wise conduct of the Inhabitants in their Wars and Voyages , whether by Sea or Land ; in a word , the wonderful industry of the Europeans in all sorts of rare works , makes them to be esteemed infinitely above all the People in the other parts of the Earth . We divided Europe in the beginning into nine parts , including the British Islands : but afterwards we added thereto three more , viz. the Low Countries contiguous to France , on the North-East ; the Republick of Swizzerland and their Allies , on the East side : And the Provinces tributary to the Turk on the South side of Poland ; with Little Tartary nigh the Pontus Euxinus , or the Black Sea : The Method of Geographers who place the North on the top of their Maps , obliges us to begin with the three Northern parts , all three different Countries ; the first consisting of the British Isles ; the second of the Peninsula of Scandinavia ; and the third of Muscovy , which is the greatest part of the Continent in Europe . Next we will describe the three middle parts which are , France , Germany , and Poland , all three alike and take up the rest of the Continent ; yet their situation shews , that France is somewhat more temperate than Germany and Poland , which lie higher towards the North , where the Winters are very long and sharp . We shall speak next of the three Southern parts , which are Peninsula's divided from one another , but have a great traffick by Sea with the other parts of the World : and lastly we will end this Treatise by the Explication of the Low Countries , the Swizzerland Cantons , and the Provinces tributary to the Turk , which being the least Countries in Europe , shall be explained last of all , although they are situated among the rest . There are three principal Languages in Europe , viz. Latin corrupt , spoken in Italy , France , and Spain ; Dutch , in Germany Scandinavia , and the British Isles ; and in Poland , Muscovy , and Turk●y in Europe , they make use of the S●lavonian Tongue ; but all under divers Idioins . Again , the Latin Tongue is spoken generally where the Roman Catholick Religion is professed ; and where they speake Dutch , they are for the most part Protestants ; the Roman Catholick Religion is professed in Poland , Muscovy allows all sorts of Religions , and the Mahometan Religion reigns in Turky . CHAP. VI. Of the British Isles . THE Kingdom of England , or the British Isles , make the first of the three Northern parts of Europe , seated in the Western Ocean , nigh France , Germany , and the Low Countries , and not very far from Scandinavia , and Spain . The Inhabitants of the Isle of Great Britain ( which gives its name to all the lesser Islands ) are , as some think , descended from the Trojans , who entred this Island under the Conduct of Brute , and laid the first foundations of London , calling it New Troy ; afterwards it was named Augusta Trinobantum , and lastly London : but others say the Britains had their name from the Word Brith , which signifies stained or painted , ( or rather the name of the Paint ) by reason of a custom they took to paint their Skins all over , and of several Colours that they might thereby the more terrifie their Enemies ; whence also the Romans called the People of Scotland Picti , from their painted Skins . Great Britain was called also once Albion , ab albis rupibus , and is divided into two parts , both of them Kingdoms , viz. England , and Scotland , which together with the Isle and Kingdom of Ireland , and an innumerable company of lesser Islands in the British Seas , are now under the Protection , and Government of our most gracious and redoubted Soverain , KING CHARLES the second . There were several Tribes of People who inhabited anciently these Islands ; the most famous of them ( for instance , in England ) were the Cantii , the Trinobantes , the Brigantes , and the Silures , &c. who were all governed by their Princes , but afterwards all subdued by the Romans , except the Northern part of the Island . The Saxons were the next that possessed themselves of the South part of Britain , with whom came the Angli , Neighbours to the Saxons , out of the North of Germany ; whence it was called England , and the Inhabitants English . These Saxons divided it into s●en Kingdoms ; not including the Principality of Wales , wh●ther most part of the Britains , being driven by them out of England , retired : but now these eight Provinces which compose England , and Wales , are divided into fifty two Shires . Of these eight Provinces then ( according as they lie from London , the Metropolis of all England ) two are in the North of England , Northumberland , and Mercia ; two in the South , Kent , and Sussex ; two lie towards the East , Essex , and the Province of the East-Angles ; and two towards the West , Wessex , and Wales . The two North parts are , 1. Northumberland , in which are the Shires called Yorkshire , Lancashire , Westmorland , Cumberland , Durham , and Northumberland ; the Chief Towns of this Province are , York , Durham , Newcastle , Carlisle , Barwick , Lancaster , and Hull . 2. Mercia , wherein are these following Shires ; Oxfordshire , Glocestershire , Buckinghamshire , Bedfordshire , Huntingtonshire , Northamptonshire , Rutlandshire , Leicestershire , Warwickshire , Worcestershire , Herefordshire , Monmouthshire , Shropshire , Cheshire , Staffordshire , Darbyshire , Nottinghamshire , and Lincolnshire ; the Chief Towns are , Oxford , Chester , Glocester , Lincoln , Worcester , Hereford , Coventry , Peterborow , and Lichfield . The two South Provinces are , 3. Kent , being but one single Shire or County , ch . T. Canterbury , Rochester , and Dover . 4. Sussex , containing the Shires or Counties of Sussex , and Surrey , ch . T. Chichester , Rye , Hastings , and Lewes . The two Eastern Provinces are , 5. Essex , which comprehends under it Middlesex , Essex , and Hartfordshire , ch . T. London the Metropolis of England , which ( all things considered ) may be said to be the chief City in the World ; then Colchester , Hariford , and St , Albans . 6. East Angles , comprehending Norfolk , Suffolk , and Cambridgshire , ch . T. Norwich , Cambridg , Ipswich , Yarmouth , and Ely. The two Western Provinces are , 7. Wessex , under which is comprehended Somersetshire , Hampshire , Dorcetshire , Devonshire , Cornwall , Wiltshire , and Barkshire , ch . T. Bristow , Bath , Wells , Winchester , Southampton , Excester , Plymouth , Salisbury , and Windsor . 8. Wales which includes these twelve Shires following ; Pembrok shire , Caermarthensh . Glamorgansh . Brecknock sh . Radnorsh . Cardigansh . Montgomerysh . Merionethsh . Denbigsh . Flintsh . Caernarvonsh . and the Isle of Anglesey , ch , T. Pembroke , St. Davids , Cardiff , Landaff , Denbigh , S. Asaph , Montgomery , and Caernarvon . Scotland was formerly called Caledonia ; afterwards comprehended under the name of Great Britain , as at present ; but once it received the name of Little Britain in comparison of England , which was then properly Great Britain . It is the most Northern part of this Island , and contains thirty five Shires or Counties , viz. fourteen beyond the River Tay , which make up the ancient Kingdom of the Scots . whose King dwelt at Dunstasag ; and twenty one on this side the River Tay , where was the Kingdom of the Picts , the Kings Seat being at Abernethy ; but these two Towns are now ruined . The chief Towns on this side the River Tay in South Scotland , are Edenburg , Leith , Glascow . St. Andrews , Sterling , and Dunbriton . North Scotland , or the habitation of the ancient Scots : the chief Towns are Aberdeen , Perth , Dundee , and Dornock . I shall not trouble the Readers Memory with the names of each particular County of Scotland , nor those of Ireland , ( which I am now going to speak of ) as not being of such moment . The Kingdom and Isle of Ireland was anciently called Ierna , and sometimes Iverna ; from the latter Hibernia seems to be derived , by which name it was known in the time of the Romans ; and from Ierna ( as it is generally believed ) comes Eryn , so called by the Natives at this day . It is now divided into five Provinces , which were formerly Kingdoms viz. 1. Lemster , in which are nine Counties , ch . T. Dublin , Wexford , and Kilkenny . 2. Meath , in which are three Countie ; ch . T. Molingar ; this Province by reason of its small extent is commonly comprehended under Lemster . 3. Vlster , which contains ten Counties ▪ ch . T. Armagh , Drogdagh , and London derry . 4. Connaught , which has six Counties ch . T. Galxay , Kilaloe , and Athlone . 5. Munster , under which is also comprehended six Counties , ch . T. Waterford ▪ Limerick , and Cork The most considerable Islands high the Coasts of Great Britain , and Ireland ▪ which go under the name of British Isles , are divided into nine parts , whereof three are in the Channel , viz. the Isles of Wight , Jersey , and Garnsey ; which two last are near the Coast of France . Three lie Westward in the Irish Sea , viz. the Sorlings , or Silly Islands , the Isle of Man , and the Western Isles nigh Scotland , called the Hebrides , or Inchgalles . The three last are towards the North , viz. the Orcades or Isles of Orkney , the the Isles of Hetland or Shetland , and the Fair Islands or Isles of Fero , now belonging , the King of Denmark . The chief Rivers are , the Thames , Severn , and Trent , in England ; Tay , in Scotland ; and Shannon , in Ireland . CHAP. VII . Of Scandinavia . SCandinavia is the second of the three North parts of Europe , joining to Germany , Poland , and Muscovy ; it includes three Kingdoms under two States ; viz. the State of Denmark , and that of Swedeland . The State of Denmark , contains two Kingdoms , viz. Denmark , and Norway Denmark consists of three parts ; to wit Jutland , which is a great Peninsula or Chersonesus , annexed to Germany , and formerly called the Cimbrick Chersonesus : the Isles of the Baltick Sea and the Islands and Countries in the North Sea. Jutland ( so called from the Jutae , heretofore the Inhabitants of this Country is divided into South-Jutland and North-Jutland . South Jutland comprehends two Dukedoms . 1. The Dukedom of Holsatia or Holsten ; ( this is counted part of Germany , included within the Circuit or Circle of the lower Saxony , and depending on the Empire ; which we should not describe in this place , but that it belongs to the King of Denmark : ) The chief Towns are Rendsburg , Kiel , and Gluckstad . 2. The Dukedom of Sleswick , ch . T. Sleswick , with the Castle of Gottorp , Tonningen , and Flendsburg . North-Jutland includes four Lutheran Diocesses , which are . 1. The Diocess of Rypen , ch . T. Rypen 2. That of Arhusen , ch . T. Arhusen . 3. The Diocess of Wiburg , ch . T. Wiburg . Fourthly and lastly that of Alburg , ch . T. Alburg , and Scagen towards the North-Cape of Denmark , which is famous for it's frequent Shipwracks . The most remarkable Islands of the Baltick Sea are , First , the Isle of Zeeland , of old called Codanonia , ch . T. Copenhagen , Roschild , and Helsenore , with the Castle of Cronemberg . Secondly the Isle of Fuien or Funen , ch . T. Odensee , Middelfurt , and Niburg . The three passages or Straights of the Baltick Sea ( heretofore Sinus Codanus ) are , the Sound between Zeeland and Schonen , the Belt between Zeeland and Funen , and Middelfurt Sound between Funen and Jutland . The Islands and Countries in the Northern Sea , which depend upon the Kingdom of Denmark are , 1. A great part of the Isle of Island , ch . T. Hola , a Bishoprick . 2. The Fair Islands , ch . T. Strom. 3. Greenland , ch . T. Bearford . The Kingdom of Norway , which takes up the Western part of Scandinavia , is divided into five Governments or Provinces , viz. 1. The Government of Bahus , which belongs to the Swedes since the treaty at Roschild , ch . T. Bahus and Marstrand . 2. That of Agger , ch T. Agger , Opslo , and Frederickstad . 3. That of Bergen , ch . T. Berg or Bergen , the residence of the Viceroy . 4. The Government of Drunthem , ch . T. Drunthem , heretofore Nidrosia , the Seat of the ancient Kings of Norway . 5. And lastly that of Wardhus , ch . T. Wardhus , nigh the North Kin or Cape . The Kingdom of Swedeland or Sweden comprehends seven parts , which are , 1. The coast of Schonen , comprehending Halland , Schonen , and Bleking , all which go under the name of South Gothland , ch . T. Lunden , Malmugen , Landskroon , and Christianstad . 2. The North part of Gothland is divided into Ostro Gothland , and Westro Gothland , ch . T. Calmar . Gottemburg or Gothburg , and Linkopen . 3. Sweden , containing eight or nine little Provinces , ch . T. Stockholm , Vpsal , and Nikopen . 4. Laponia otherwise Lapland is divided into five Regions or Territories , viz. Vma , Pitha , Lula , Tornia , and Kimi or Lapmark , with the Towns of the same name , whereof Tornia is of most importance . 5. The great Province of Finland , subdivided into several small Provinces , ch . T. Aho , Wiburg , and Raseburg 6. Ingria , ch . T. Noteburg , and Juannogrod . 7. Livonia , ch . T. Riga , Derpt , and Revel . The Crown of Swedeland is also possessed of several Islands in the Baltick Sea ; and in Germany the Dukedoms of Pomeren , Bremen , and Ferden , the town of Wismar , and the Isle of Rugen . Tornia , and Kimi , in the North Provinces of Swedeland , are the most considerable Rivers of Scandinavia . CHAP. VIII . Of Muscovy . MVscovy or Russia , is the most Northern , and most rude and illiterate Country of all the parts of Europe , but above six times bigger than all the British Isles . This Empire contains the three Kingdoms of Cazan , Bulgar , and Astracan , in Tartary Desart , with the Cities of the same name ; and above thirty Provinces , with several distinct sorts of People who live by Horda's or Companies The twelve principal Towns , are Mosco , Wolodimer , Great Novogrod , Archangel , St. Nicholas , Plescow , Rhezan Oustioug , Worotin , Little Novogrod , Wologda , and Bielizero . The principal Rivers are , the Wolga , Dwina , and Tanais or Don. This is enough of a Country where none go to travel , neither do the Inhabitants ( who are all Slaves ) go out of it without an express leave from the Czar , who does not very often grant their request in that . CHAP. IX . Of France . THE Kingdom of France in time past was named Gaule , containing a larger extent than at present , and was divided into Gallia Belgica , Gallia Celtica , Aquitania , and Gallia Narbonensis . It is the first and most Westerly of the three parts of Europe , which are situated between the North and South Countries : It lies nigh England , being separated from us but by our Channel , and the Pas de Calais , ( as the French call it ) a narrow passage not above eighteen Mile over . The modern division of France according to the best Authors , and Geographers , is into twelve general Governments ; to which we will add four new Governments , the late conquests of the French King. Four of these sixteen Governments are towards the North , and on this side the Loire ; four are in the middle of France , and on each side the Loire ; four more are Southern , and beyond this River ; and the four last lie Eastward towards Germany . I will not go about to subdivide the Governments which contain but one Province ; only ( that I may not overcharge the Readers memory ) I will set down the three principal Towns in them , and in the Governments where there are more than one Province , we will take notice of the chief Town of each one . The four Northern Governments are , 1 Picardy , situated upon the Channel of the British Seas , ch . T. Amiens , Abbeville , and Calaïs . 2. Normandy , situated on the Channel , and divided into High and Low Normandy , ch . T. Rouen , Caen , and Alenson . 3. The Isle of France , situated between the River Seyne , the Marne , and the Oyse , which makes as it were an Isle of it , ch . T. Paris , St. Denis , and Melun . 4. Champaigne , situated on the East of the Isle of France , ch . T. Troys , Rheims , and Chalons upon Marne . The four Governments in the middle of France , upon the Loire are , 5. Bretaigne , situated towards the Ocean , and divided into Upper and Lower Bretaigne ; the chief Towns are Rennes , Nantes , and Brest . 6. The Government of Orleanois , subdivided into nine little Provinces , whereof two lie on the North side of the Loire , viz. Maine , ch . Mans ; and Perche , ch . T. Nogent . Four upon the Loire , to wit ; Anjou , ch . T. Anger 's ; Touraine , ch . T. Tours ; Beauce , ch . T. Orleans ; and Nivernois , ch . T. Nevers . And three Provinces on the South side of the Loire : Poictou , ch . T. Poictiers ; Angoumois , ch . T. Angouleme ; and Berry , ch . T. Bourges . 7. The Dutchy of Burgundy , with Bress , ch . T. Dijon , Autun , Chalons , upon Saone ; and Bourg in Bress . 8. The Government of Lyonnois , subdivided into four little Provinces , viz : Lyonnois , properly taken , ch . T. Lyons ; Bourbonnois , ch . T. Moulins ; Auvergn , ch . T. Clermont ; La Marche , ch . T. Gueret . The four Southern Governments of France are , 9. The Government of Guienn and Gascony situated on the Ocean , and on each side the River Garonn , cannot be divided more exactly than into eight Provinces , whereof three lie Northward from the Garonn , viz. Saintonge , ch . T. Saintes ; Perigord , ch . T. Perigueux ; and Limosin , ch . T. Limoges . Three about the Garonn , and the River Lot which falls into it ; to wit ; Guienn properly taken , ch . T. Bourdeaux ; Quercy , ch . T. Cahors ; and Rouergue , ch . T. Rhodes . And two on the South side the River , viz. The great Province of Gascony , ch T. Auch ; and the little Province of Bearn , ch . T. Pau. 10. Languedock situated on the Mediterranean Sea , is divided into High and Low Languedock , and Cevennes , ch . T. Toulouse , Narbonn , Mompellier ; and Viviers in Cevennes . One may include under the general Government of Languedock , the County of Roussillon , ch . T. Perpignan . 11. Dauphiny , situated towards Italy ch . T. Grenoble , Vienn , and Valence ; to which one may add Pignerol which serves as a Gate for the French to enter into Italy . 12. Provence , which lies upon the Mediterranean Sea , whereof the chief Towns are , Aix , Marseilles , and Toulon . The four new Eastern Governments of France lie towards Germany , watered with the Scheld , the Lis , the Meuse , and the Rhine ; and are , 13. The Catholick Low Countries belonging to France , or French Netherlands , ch . T. Lisle , and Dunkirk in the County of Flanders ; Arras in Artois ; Valenciennes in Haynault ; Cambray in Cambresis ; and Montmedy in Luxemburg . 14. Lorain , ch . T. Nancy , Metz. and Verdun . 15. Alsatia or Alsace , divided into Upper and Lower , ch . T. Strasburg , Brisack , and Friburg ; it is almost all in the hands of the French. 16. The County of Burgundy , vulgarly called the Franche or Free County , ch . T. Bezanson , Dol , and Salins . One might add thereto the County of Monbelliard , ch . T. Monbelliard belonging to a Prince of the house of Wirtenberg . The four most famous Rivers in France are , the Loire , the Seyne , the Garonn , and the Rhone . CHAP. X. Of Germany . GErmany ( under which name also , was included anciently the Vnited Provinces , Denmark , part of Poland , and as some say , Sweden , and Norway ) makes one of the nine parts of Eucope ; and directly si●uated in the middle of the other eight . It is now of less extent by much than it was formerly , but yet comprehends a great number of different Soverainties which compose the Empire of the We●t , and which depend on the Emperour , who is the chief Head of all the Princes that have shares in this great Country . We will then divide Germany into Western Germany , about the Rhine towards France and the Ocean ; into Southern , about the Danube towards Italy and Hungary ; into Eastern Germany comprehending the State of Bohemia towards Poland ; and into Northern , about the River Elbe and Oder towards the Baltick Sea. Western Germany is subdivided into six great parts , whereof the most part contain many little Provinces . Three of these parts are upon the Rhine , and three on the East of the Rhine . The three parts situated on the Rhine are , 1. The States of Cleves , Juliers , and the Bishoprick of Liege , ch . T. of the same name . 2. The three Electoral Archbishopricks of the Empire , viz. That of Colen , ch . T. Colen , and Bonn ; of Treves or Triers , ch . T. Treves , and Coblentz ; and that of Mentz , ch . T. Mentz , and Aschaffemburg . 3. The Electoral Palatinate of the Rhine , ch . T. Heidelburg , Worins , and Spire . The three parts of Germany , situated on the East side of the Rhine are , 4. Westphalia , subdivided into many little States , ch . T. Munster , Osnaburg , and Paderhorn . 5. Hessen , comprehending Weteravia or Weteraw , and the Abbey of Fuld , ch . T. Cassel , Darmstad , and Fuld . 6. Franconia , ch . T. Francfort , Norimberg , and Wirtzburg . Southern Germany about the Danube , is subdivided into nine parts besides several small divisions . Three of these parts or Provinces are towards the Head of the River Danube , viz. 1. Suevia , or Schwahen , ch . T. Augsburg , Vlm , and Constance . 2. The Dutchy of Wirtenberg , ch . T. Stutgart , Tubingen , and Wirtenberg . 3. Brisgow , ch . T. Feiburg , now belonging to the French Government of Alsace ; Rotweil , and Estingen . The three parts following lie higher upon the Danube , and are , 4 The Palatinate of Bauaria , or the upper Palatinate on the North side of the Danube , ch . T. Amberg , Newburg , and Aichstad . 5. The Electoral Duchy of Bauaria , with the Archbishoprick of Saltzburg . ch . T. Munchen , Ratisbon , and Saltzburg . 6. The County of Tirole , with the Archduchy of Inspruck and the Territories adjacent , ch . T. Inspruck , Trent , and Brixen . The three last parts of Southern Germany lie yet further up the Danube , and are , 7. The Archduchy of Austria , ch . T. Vienna , Lintz , and Cremz . 8. The Hereditary Provinces which are Stiria , ch . T. Graiz ; Carinthia , ch . T. Clagenfurt ; Carniola , ch . T. Lauback , with the only Imperial Haven of Triest ; The County of Cilly , ch . T. Cilly ; and the Marquisate of Windes or Windisch Mark , ch . T. Metling . 9. Imperial Hungary . ch . T. Presburg , Komora , and Raab or Javarin . The Eastern or Bohemian Germany towards Poland comprehends four parts , whereof the three last depend upon the Kingdom of Bohemia which is the first and principal part of them all . 1. The Kingdom of Bohemia , ch . T. Prague , Kuttenberg , and Egra . 2. The Marquisate of Moravia , ch . T. Olmutz , Brinn , and Newstad . 3. The Duchy of Silesia ch T. Breslaw , Gros Glogaw , and Lignitz . 4. The Marquisate of Lusatia , now under the jurisdiction of the Duke of Saxony , ch . T. Bautzen , Gorlitz and Zittaw . Northern Germany , about the Elbe and Oder towards the Baltick Sea , is divided into the Upper and Lower Saxony . Upper Saxony comprehends three parts , viz. 1. The Electorship of Saxony properly taken , with Misnia , and Turingia , ch . T. Dresden in Misnia , Wittenberg in Saxony , and Ersurt , in Turingia . 2. The Electoral Marquisate of Brandenburg , divided into the Old , the New , and the Middle Marquisate , ch . T. Berlin , Francfort upon Oder , and Brandenburg . 3. Pomerania or Pomeren , ch . T. Stetin , Stralzund , and Colberg . Lower Saxony comprehends likewise three great parts , subdivided again into several others , viz. 1. The Dukedoms of Lunenburg , and Brunswick , ch . T. Wolfenbuttel , Zell , and Hannover . 2. The Stares of Bremen , Ferden , Minden , and Oldenburg , ch . T. of the same name . 3. Mecklenburg , ch . T. Swerin , Wismar , and Gustrow . I shall not make mention here of the Dutchy of Holsten , although it be part of Germany , having spoken of it before in the description of Jutland . It sufficeth to observe the two famous Imperial Hans-Towns , Hamburg and Lubeck , which live under the form of Common-wealths . The five chief Rivers of Germany are , the Rhine , the Danube , ( called long since Ister ) the Elbe , the Oder , and the Weser . CHAP. XI . Of Poland . THE Elective Kingdom of Poland is the most Easterly of the three middle parts of Europe : It lies Eastward from Germany ; on the North of Hungary , Transilvania , and Moldavia ; and South-westward from Muscovy . It comprehends two States ; that of true Poland with the Provinces annexed thereto , and the great Duchy of Lithuania with its dependances , which is now united to the Crown of Poland . We will divide the true Poland into nine great Provinces , and Lithuania into three , after having first considered that this State is watered by four great Rivers . The Wistule , the Boristhenes or Nieper , the Niemen , and the Niester which divides Poland from Moldavia . The nine great Provinces of Poland are , 1. The Province of Poland , divided into the Lesser or Upper Poland , wherein are these chief Towns , Cracow , Sandomir , and Lublin ; and into the Greater or Lower Poland , ch . T. Gnesna or Gniesen , Posnan or Posen , and Kalisz . 2. Prussia , part belonging to Poland , ch . T. Dantzick , Marienburg , and Culm ; and part to Brandenburg , ch . T. Koningsbeg , Elbing , and Memel . 3. The Duchy of Curland , the Prince whereof owes fealty to the Crown of Poland , ch . T. Mittaw , and Goldingen . 4. Mazovia , ch . T. Warsaw , and Czersk . 5. Polachia or Podelassia , ch . T. Bielsko . 6. Little Russia or Black Russia , ( to distinguish it from Muscovy , which is sometimes called Great or White Russia ) ch . T. Leopol otherwise Lewenburg , Halicz , and Zamoski . 7. Podolia , where is Kaminieck , Braclawor Bratzlaw , and Bar. 8. Volhinia , whereof the ch . T. are Kiow , and Lutzko . 9. Vkrania , generally included within the limits of Volhinia , ch . T. Czirkassi . Moreover Lithuania contains three parts , viz. 1. The great Duchy of Lithuania , ch . T. Wilna , Witepscki , and Novogrodeck . 2. Samogitia , ch . T. Rosinia . 3. The Palatinates or Dukedoms of Smolensko , and Novogiod-Sevierski , with the Towns so called . CHAP. XII . Of Spain . THis Country at first was called Iberia , from the River Iberus now Ebro ; and also Hesperia , from Hesperus the Evening Star always seen in the West , for it lies the most Westward of all the Countries of Europe ; afterwards in the time of the Romans it was more universally known by the name of Hispania , and by them divided into three Provinces : Baetica , so named from the River Baetis now Guadalquivir , running through the middle of it ; Tarraconensis , or the Province of Tarraco ; and Lusitania , which is now the Kingdom of Portugal . It is encompassed with the Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea , which make it a Peninsula , and is contiguous to France on the North-East side , from which it is divided by the Pyrenies . But now to the modern division of this Kingdom . Spain is divided at present into fifteen Provinces , ( most of them Kingdoms heretofore , whereof the greatest part do still reta in the titles ) to which one may add three Isles that are in the Mediterranean Sea. Of these fifteen Provinces three are Northerly , viz. 1. Navarr , whereof the ch . Towns are Pampelona , Estella , and Olita . 2. Biscay , ch . T. Bilbao , Fontarabia and St. Sebastian . 3. Asturia , ch . T. Oviedo , Santillana , and Aviles . Three are Westerly , viz. 4. Gallicia , ch . T. St. Jago de compostella , Mondonnedo , and La Corunna . 5. The Kindom of Portugal , now free from the Soverainty of the Spaniards , ch . T. Lisbon , which they say was built by Vlysses , Braga , and Coimbra . 6. Algarves , belonging to the Kingdom of Portugal , ch . T. Faro , and Tavila . Three are Southerly , viz. 7. Andaluzia , ch . T. Sevil , Cadiz , and Cordova . 8. Granada , ch . T. Granada , Guadix , and Malaga . 9. Murcia , ch . T. Murcia , and New Carthage or Carthagena . Three are Easterly , viz. 10. Valentia , ch . T. Valentia , Ali●ant , and Segorbe . 11. Catalonia , ch . T. Barcelona , Tarragon , and Tortosa . 12. Aragon , ch . T. Saragossa , Jacca , and Balbastro . The three last Provinces are situated in the middle of Spain , viz. 13. Leon , ch . T. Leon , Salamanca , and Toro . 14. Old Castile , ch T. Valladolid , Burgos , Segovia , and the ancient Numantia , famous for holding out a Siege of fifteen years against the Romans , but now ruined . 15. New Castile , ch . T. Madrid , Toledo , and Alcala de Henares , not forgetting the most famous Monastry of the Escurial , not far from Madrid . The three neighbouring Isles depending upon this Country are , Majorca , Minorca , and Ivica , with the chief Towns of the same name , except Minorca , which hath the Fortress of Citadelli . The five greatest Rivers of Spain are , Taio or Tagus , Ebro , Duero , Guadiana , and Guadalquivir . CHAP. XIII . Of Italy . ITaly is situated in the Mediterranean Sea , which makes it a kind of Peninsula , under the shape of a Leg. It is separated from France and Germany by the Alps , and divided from one end to the other by the Apennine Hills . Italy , as well as Spain , hath been named Hesperia by the Greeks , from whom it lies Westward ; it hath also sometimes gon under the name of Ausonia , but most generally known , as well anciently as at present , by that of Italia It was heretofore divided into fourteen Countries , which were inhabited by so many distinct sorts of People : Towards the North lie four great parts ; Gallia Transpadana , Venetia , Liguria , and Gallia Cispadana ; these four Countries are now called Lombardy , from the Longobardy a People of Germany , who came and dwelt here , Towards the middle of Italy are five ; Hetruria , now called Tuscany , Vmbria , Picenum , Samnium , and Latium ; these four last are now under the jurisdiction of the Pope . And the South part of Italy includes five Countries more , viz. Campania , Apulia , Messapia , Lucania , and Brutium ; which are all five now comprehended under the Kingdom of Naples . Every one of these Countries were subdivided into many small Regions or Territories , whose Inhabitants lived under several sorts of Governments , till they were overcome by the Romans ; but these I shall omit as not being necessary to insert here : Now let us see how the modern division of Italy differs from that of the ancient times . We will now divide it with the adjacent Isles , first into four great parts . The Upper Italy or Lombardy , the Middle Italy , the Lower Italy or Kingdom of Naples , and the Islands . Lombardy is divided into nine Provinces or States , whereof the five first make High Lombardy towards France , and the four other Low Lombardy towards the mouth of the River Po. The five parts of High Lombardy are , 1. Savoy , ch . T. Chambery , Montmelian , and Monstiers ; to which we may add the Town and Republick of Geneva . Savoy is generally reckoned without the bounds of Italy , and therefore is mentioned here but because it belongs to Piedmont 2. Piedmont , ch . T. Turin , Vercelli , and Nizza . 3. Milanese or the Duchy of Milan , ch . T. Milan , Pavia , and Cremona . 4. Monferrat , ch . T. Casal , and Trino . The former was long since sold to the French King by the Duke of Mantua . 5 The Coast of Genoa , ch . T. Genoa , Savona , and Albenga . The four Provinces which compose the Lower Lombardy are , 6. The Duchy of Parma , ch . T. Parma , and Piacenza . 7. The Duchy of Modena , ch . T. Modena , and Reggio . 8. The Duchy of Mantua , ch . T. Mantua , Mirandola , and Guastella , which are all Soverainties . 9. The Dominion or Republick of Venice , ch . T. Venice , Padua , and Palma nova . Middle Italy comprehends the State of the Church or Dominion of the Pope , and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany , with the Republick of Lucca , and other little Soverainties inclosed in these two States . The State of the Church comprehends twelve little Provinces , whereof five are upon the Gulf of Venice , and the seven others towards the Sea of Tuscany . Those upon the Gulf of Venice are , 1. The Duchy of Ferrara with the Valleys of Comachio , ch . T. Ferrara , and Comachio . 2. Bolognese , ch . T. Bologna . 3. Romagna , ch . T. Ravenna . 4. The Duchy of Vrbino , ch . T. Vrbino . 5. The Marquisate of Ancona , ch . T. Ancona , and Loreto . The seven following Provinces lie on the South of the Apennine Hills towards the Sea of the Tuscany , and are , 6. The Territories of Perugia , ch . T. Perugia . 7. Of Orvieto , ch . T. Orvieto . 8. Of Vmbria , otherwise the Duchy of Spoleto , ch . T. Spoleto . 9. Terra Sabina , ch . T. Magliano . 10. The Patrimony of St. Peter , ch . T. Viterbo and Civita Vecchia , 11. Campania de Roma , ch . T. Rome , Ostia , and Frescati , 12. The Duchy of Castro , ch . T. Castro . The Grand Duchy of Tuscany or Florence , is subdivided into three parts ; the Territories of Florence , the Territories of Siena , and those of Pisa , ch . T. Florence , Siena , Pisa , and Legorn : Piombino , and Orbitello belong to the King of Spain , with their Jurisdictions which are upon the coast of Tuscany . The Republick of Lucca with it's dependances , ch . T. Lucca . The Lower Italy or Kingdom of Naples is divided into twelve Provinces , whereof six are upon the Adriatick Sea or Gulf of Venice , and the six others are upon the Sea of Tuscany . The six parts which are upon the Gulf of Venice , are 1. The Further Abruzzo , ch . T. Lanciano . 2. The Nigher Abruzzo , ch . T. Aquila . 3. The County of Molissa , ch . T. Molissa . 4. Capitanata or Puglia , ch T. Manfredonia . . 5. The Territories of Bari , ch . T. Bari . 6. The Territories of Otranto ; ch . T. Otranto . The six Provinces situated on the Tyrrhenian Sea or of Tuscany , are , 7. Terra di Lavoro , ch . T. Naples at first called Parthenope , and Capua . 8. The Nigher Principality , ch . T. Salerno , and Amalfi . 9. The Further Principality , ch . T. Benevento . 10. Basilicata , ch . T. Cirenza . 11. The Nigher Calabria , ch . T. Cosenza . 12. The Further Calabria , ch . T. Reggio The Islands of Italy make the fourth part , and are divided into three greatIslands which are , 1. The Isle of Sicily , separated into three Valleys or Provinces , viz. Val di Demona , ch . T. Messina and Catania not far from Mount Gibel or Aetna that vomits out flames . Val di Noto , ch . T. Saragusa the ancient Syracuse , and Noto . Val di Mazara , ch . T. Palermo , and Montreal . 2. The Isle of Sardinia , ch . T. Cagliari , Sassari , and Algeri . 3. The Isle of Corsica , ch . T. Bastia , Adiazzo , and Bonifacio . The four most famous River of Italy are , the Pa , the Adige , the Tiber , and the Arno. CHAP. XIV . Of Turky in Europe . TVrky in Europe is situated in the Mediterranean Sea near Italy , Poland , and Asia , and is contiguous to Germany . We will divide it into High Turky about the Danube , which includes the ancient Countries of Pannonia , Illyricum , and Moesia ; and into Low Turky towards the Archipelago or White Sea , wherein are the Countries called in time past Thrace and Greece , which last hath hitherto retained its old name . High Turky contains eight parts , viz. 1. Part of Hungary , anciently called Pannonia , ch . T. Buda or Offen , Gran , and Kanisia . 2. Part of Slavonia , ch . T. Posega , and Gradiskia . 3. Part of Croatia , with Morlakia , ch . T. Wihitz . The rest of Hungary . Slavonia , and Croatia , which is not within the Ottoman Jurisdiction , belongs to the Archduke of Austria , who is now Emperour of Germany . 4. Dalmatia , partly belonging to the Turks , and partly to the Venetians ; the Ottoman Towns are , Scardona , and Dulcigno ; the Venetian are , Zara , Sebenico , and Spalato , with the Town and Republick of Ragusa , tributary both to the Turks and Venetians . 5. Bosnia or Bossina , ch . T. Jaytza , and Bagnialuck , You must observe that Slavonia , Croatia , Dalmatia , and Bosnia , made heretofore one great Country called Illyricum . 6. Servia , comprehending the Western part of the ancient Country of Moesia , ch . T. Belgrade , and Nisa . 7. Bulgaria , which was the rest of Moesia , ch . T. Sophia , and Nigepoli . 8. Besserabia , with the Territories of Otzacow towards Poland , ch . T , Bialogrod , and Otzacow . The Lower Turky is divided into seven Provinces , viz. 1. Romania , anciently Thrace , ch . T. Constantinople , Adrianople , and Gallipoli . 2. Macedon , ch . T. Salonichi , and Contessa . 3. Albania , which was once part of Macedon , ch . T. Scutari , Durazzo , and Valona . 4. Janna , anciently Thessaly , ch . T. Armiro , and Larissa . 5. Canina , anciently called Epirus and sometimes Chaonia , ch . T. Prevezza , Larta , and Bastia . 6. Livadia , in time past Achaia , ch . T. Lepanto , Setines , heretofore called Athens , Stives heretofore Thebes , and Negropont in an Island of the same name , which is counted part of Livadia , although it be separated from it by the Euripus or Straights of Negropont . 7. Morea , called in time past Peloponnesus , ch . T. Patras , Corinth , and Misithra , formerly Lacedaemon : These fix last Provinces composed the ancient and famous Country of Greece . The Islands which are about Turky in Europe , are a sufficient number to make a third part ; we will then divide them into Turkish , and Venetian Islands . The chief of the Turkish Islands are , Candy , anciently Creet , ch . T. Candy , Canea , and Retimo ; Negropont , anciently Euboea , ch . T. Negropont ; and Stalimene , heretofore Lemnos , ch . T. of the same name . The Venetian Islands ( which are considerable ) are , Corsu , Cefalonia , Zant , and Cerigo , heretofore Cythera . The most famous Rivers of Turky in Europe are , the Danow or Danube , the Draw , the Saw , and the Tyssa or Teissa . CHAP. XV. Of the Low Countries . AFter having briefly spoken of the nine great parts of Europe , we thought it convenient to avoid confusion , and to facilitate the Readers memory by the number of twelve , into the which we have divided Asia , Africk , and America , to add three lesser divisions of Europe , separated and distant from one another , viz. The Low Countries ; the Republick of Swizzerland ; and the Provinces tributary to the Great Turk . We shall begin first with the Low Countries or Seventeen Provinces , vulgarly known by the name of Flanders , and Holland , which are the two richest and most considerable Provinces of them . The Low Countries were formerly divided into two parts ; one on the South of the Rhine , comprehended under that part of Gaule called Gallia Belgica : now most of it is the Spanish Netherlands . The other on the North side of the Rhine was comprised within the bounds of ancient Germany : at present it is the Vnited Netherlands . The modern division is also into two parts , though with some difference from the ancient , viz. The Spanish Netherlands , or Flanders ; and the Vnited Netherlands , Holland , or Vnited Provinces . The Spanish Netherlands contain these following Provinces , viz. 1. Two thirds of Brabant , ch . T. Brussels , and Lovain . 2. Luxemburg , ch . T. Luxemburg , and Thionville . Part of this Duchy of Luxemburg belongs at present to the French , as also the County of Artois : part of the County of Flanders , &c. but the French having so latelyw on these Countries , ( which by the hazards of a new War may be as soonbrought under the Jurisdiction of some other Potentate ) I shall forbear to make any more divisions of the Spanish Low Countries concerning the French King's conquests there , than what I have mentioned in the Chapter of France ; but , as near as I can , shall stick to the division generally agreed upon by all Geographers , before the beginning of the last French Wars . 3. Limburg , ch . T. Limburg , and Maestricht . 4. About a third part of Gelderland , ch T. Gelders , and Ruremond . 5. Almost all Flanders , ch . T. Gaunt , Lisle , Dunkirk , and Ostend . 6. Artois , ch . T. Arras , and St. Omars . 7. Hainault , ch . T. Mons , and Valenciennes . 8. Namur , ch . T. Namur , and Charlemont . 9. The Marquisate of the Holy Empire , or the Seigniory of Antwerp , ch . T. Antwerp . 10. The Seigniory of Malines , ch . T. Malines , or Mechlyn . You must take notice before we proceed any further ; that these two small Provinces last mentioned , are enclosed within the Duchy of Brabant : and that besides the Seventeen Provinces , there is the Town of Cambray between Hainault , Artois , and Picardy , which together with it's adjacent Territory , makes up a peculiar Province called by the French ( who are now Masters of it ) Cambresis : yet this small Province is sometimes comprised under that of Hainault . The Vnited Provinces or , the States of Holland , contain these following Provinces , viz. 1. Holland , ch . T. Amsterdam , the Hague , Dort , and Leyden . 2. Zeland ch . T. Middleburg , and Flushing . 3. Zutphen , ch . T. Zutphen . 4. Vtrecht , ch . T. Vtrecht . 5. Overissel , ch . T. Deventer , and Swol . 6. West Friseland , ch . T. Lewarden , and Franeker . 7. The Seigniory of Groningen , with the Town of the same name . Besides these seven Provinces , there is , and hath been a great while in the Hollanders possession , above two thirds of Gelderland , the chief Towns whereof are , Nimmegen , and Arnhem . About a third part of Brabant , ch . T. Breda , and Boldus : and some Towns in the North of the Province of Flanders ; the most considerable of them is Sluys , North. Westward from Gaunt . CHAP. XVI . Of the Republick of Swizzerland . THE Republick of Swizzerland is composed of thirteen Canrons , which are each one by themselves peculiar Democracies , but under one common Alliance with several little Countries , States , or Towns , which go under the name of their Allies . The thirteen Swizzerland Cantons are disposed in this order . 1. The Canton of Zurick , ch . T. Zurick . 2. The Canton of Bern , ch T. Bern , and Lausann . 3. Of Basil ch . T. Basil . 4. Of Lucern , ch . T. Lucern . 5. Of Soloturn , ch . T. Soloturn . 6. Of Friburg , ch . T. Friburg : 7. Of Schashausen , ch . T. Schashauser . 8. The Canton of Switz , which gave its name to the whole Country ch . T. Switz . 9. That of Zug ; ch . T. Zug . 10. That of Appenzel , ch . T. Appeuzel . 11. Of Glaritz , ch . T. Glaritz . 12. Of Vnderwalden , ch . T. Siantz . 13. Of Vri , ch . T. Altors . The Allies of Swizzerland worth our observation are , 1. The Grisons , ch . T. Coir . 2. Valtoline , ch . T. Sundrio . 3. Valais , ch . T. Sion . 4. The Bishoprick of Basil , which hath no very considerable Town in it , except Porentru . Besides these , there are many other small Territories and Towns allied to , and confederated with the Swizzers ; which I shall forbear to name , as being too tedious to insert them all . CHAP. XVII . Of the Provinces tributary to the Turk . BY the name of Provinces tributary to the Turk , we mean those which have each one in particular a Soverain Prince , but tributary and depending on the Turk , who protects them , and pretends to a right of deposing them when they do not embrace his interests , or when they refuse to arm in his defence . These Provinces are four in number viz. 1. Transilvania , ch . T. Hermanstad , Clausenburg , and Weyssenburg . 2. Walachia , ch . T. Targowisko , Dombrowitza , and Braskow . 3. Moldavia , ch . T. Jazy , Soczow , and Targorod . 4. Little Tartary , ch . T. Kaffa , Crim , and Azof or Azac upon the Don. A Short ALPHABETICAL TABLE Of the antient names of Nations , Countries , Cities , Mountains , Seas , and Rivers which are mentioned in this Book ; compared with the Newer Divisions , and Names , by which they are generally known at this day . A A Chaia , part of Greece , now called Livadia . Adriatick Sea , the Gulf of Venice . Aethiopia , the South part of Africk , now divided into several Countries . Aethiopian Sea , now more commonly called the Southern Oceàn . Aetna , a Mountain heretofore so called in Sicily , but at present Gibel . Albion , the ancient name of England . An●li , a People in the North of Germany . Ap●lia , an ancient Country in the Kingdom of Naples . Aquitania , the South-west part of France . Ararat , a Hill in Asia , still known by this name : See the following Table . Athens , an ancient Town in Greece now called Serines . Atlantick Sea , now generally known by the name of Western Ocean . Atlantis Insula , the ancient name of America . Atlas , a Mountain in Africk , at present called Claros . Augusta Trinobunrum , at first called New Troy , ( as is thought ) and now London . Ausonia , Italy heretofore so called . B BAetica , an ancient Country in the South part of Spain . Boetis , a River called at present Guadalquivir . Belgia , the Low Countries in Europe . Boris●henes , a River now more commonly called Nieper . Brigantes , a People in the North of England . Britains , the ancient Inhabitants of England . Brutium , an ancient Country in the Kingdom of Naples . Byzantium , the ancient name of Constantinople . C CAledonia , the North part of Great Britain , now Scotland . Campania , a Country in the Kingdom of Naples . Cantij , a People in that part of Britain called at present Kent . Carpathian Hills , now known by the name of Crapack . Caspian Sea , a great Lake in Asia , which now goes under the names of Kilan or Sala . Caucasus , the name of some Hills in Asia : See the following Table . Ceraunius or Taurus , Mountains in Asia : See Taurus in the other Table . Chaldea , the name of an ancient Country within the bounds of Turky in Asia . Chaonia , or Epirus , now called Canina , a Country in Greece . Cilicia , an ancient Country , now part of Turky in Asia . Cimbri , a People that inhabited heretofore Denmark . Cimbrick Chersonesus , Jutland . Codanonia , at present the Isle of Zeland . Colchos , a little Country anciently so called , in Georgia near the Pontus Euxinus . Corinth : See the following Table . Creet . now Candy , an Island in the Mediterranean Sea , Cythera , the ancient name for the Isle of Cerigo . D DAcia , subdivided into Transilvania , Walachia , aud Moldavia . Dama'cus , a Town in Turky in Asia . Danube or Ister , a River in Europe now more generally known by the name of Danow . E EPirus or Chaonia , now called Canina , a Country in Greece . Euboea , the Isle of Negropont near Greece . Euphrates , a River in Asia : See the other Table . Euripus , the Straights of Negropont . F FOrtunate Islands , the Canary Islands towards Africk . G GAllia Belgica , the North part of of France . Gallia Celtica , the Middle , and North-West part of France . Gallia Cispadana , part of Lombardy . Gallia Narbonensis , towards the South-East side of France . Gallia Transpadana , part of Lombardy . Ganges , a River in Asia : See the following Table ▪ Gaule , the Kingdom of France . Greece : See the following Table . H HEsperia , Italy called so heretofore ; also Spain . Hesperian Isles , the Islands of Cape Verd. Hetruria , a Country in Italy , now Tuscany . Hibernia , otherwise Iverna or Ierna . at this day it is called Ireland . Hispania , the Kingdom of Spain . I IAxartes , the River Ardock or Alsagsh . Iberia , and not seldom Hesperia , both ancient names of Spain . Iberus , the River Ebro , Ierna or Iverna , Eryn or Ireland . Jerusalem , a Town in Judaea , so called to this day by us , but otherwise by the Turks who are Masters of it . Illyricum , a Country towards the Adriatick Sea ; now part of Turky in Europe . Imaus : See the following Table . Indus , a River known at present by the name of Sind . Ister or Danube , now commonly called Danow . Italia , at present Italy . Judoea , part of Turky in Asia . Iverna or Ierna , now called Eryn or Ireland . Ju'ae , a People formerly inhabiting Jutland . L LAced ●emon , a Town now called Misithra . Latium , an ancient Country in the Dominion of the Pope . Lemnos , an Island near Thrace now called Stalimene . Libya , the North part of Africk . Liguria , the South part of Lombardy . Longobardi , a People of Germany , in , or near the Marquisate of Brandenburg . Lucania , an ancient Country now comprised in the Kingdom of Naples . Lusitania , Portugal with part of Castile . M MAcedon : See the following Table . Mauritania , part of Barbary . Mesopotamia , a Country in Turky in Asia . Messapia , a Country in the Kingdom of Naples . Moesia , an old country , at present divided into Servia and Bulgaria . N NEw Troy , otherwise Augusta Trinobantum ; but now London . Nidrosia , a Town called Drunthem . Niger : See the following Table . Nilus , a River in Egypt . Numantia : See the other Table . Numidia , a Country called now Bildulgerid . O OXus , a River now called Balch or Jihun . P PAmphilia , a Country in Turky in Asia . Pannonia , the ancient name of Hungary . Parthenope , the City of Naples . Peloponnesus , at present Morea . Phoenicia , a little Country in Turky in Asia . Phrygia , a Country in Turky in Asia . Picenum , a Country now comprised in the Dominion of the Pope . Picts , a People inhabiting the South part of Scotland . Pontus Euxinus , the Black Sea. R RIphaeah Mountains , in Muscovy ; but now called Stolp . S SAmnium , an ancient Country in the Dominion of the Pope . Sarmatia , that part of Europe which comprehends Muscovy and Poland . Saxons , an ancient People in the North of Germany . Scandinavia , contains the present Kingdoms of Swedeland , Denmakr , and Norway . Scythia , Great Tartary . Scythia Taurica , Little Tartary . Scythian Sea , all the Northern Ocean . Silures ; a People towards Wales , about Monmouth and Herefordshire . Sinus Codanus , the Baltick Sea. Syracuse , a Town now called Saragusa . Syria , a Country in Turky in Asia . T TAgus , a River now called Taio . Tanais : See the other Table . Tarraco , a Town at present called Tarragon . Tarraconensis , the Middle , Northern , and Eastern parts of Spain . Taurus or Ceraunius , Hills in Asia : See the following Table . Thebes , an ancient Town in Greece , at present called Stives . Thessaly , that part of Greece which is now called Janna . Thrace , it now goes under the name of Romania . Thule , the Isle of Island . Tigris : See the following Table . Trinobantes , a People inhabiting Middle-sex , Essex , and Hartfordshire ; whose chief Town was London , called at that time Augusta Trinobantum . V VEnetia , an ancient Country in Lombardy . Vmbria , a little Country in the Dominion of the Pope , which included the present Umbria or Duchy of Spoleto . A TABLE Of the Modern Names of all the Countries , Provinces , Islands , Cities , Towns , Hills , Seas , Lakes , and Rivers contained in this Book , reduced to an Alphabetical Order , and directing where they may be found in the Maps . Also shewing how the most noted of them were called anciently . A ABbeville , a Town in Picardy . Aberdeen , a Town in North Scotland . Abernethy , an old Town in South Scotland . Abissinia , a Country in Africk , part of the ancient Aethiopia . Abo , a Town in Finland . Abbruzzo the Further , a Province in the Kingdom of Naples . Abruzzo the Nigher , a Province in the Kingdom of Naples . Acapulco , a Town in New Spain . Aden , a Town in Arabia . Adiazzo , a Town in Corsica . Adige , a River in Italy . Adrianople , a Town in Romania . Adriatick Sea or Gulf of Venice , between Italy and Dalmatia . Aethiopian Sea or Southern Ocean , towards the South-West side of Africk . Aetna , a Mountain in Val di Demona . Africk , one of the four parts of the World. Agger , a Town in the Government of Agger , Agger Government , in Norway . Agra , a Town in the Indian Continent . Aichstad , a Town in the Palatinate of Bavaria . Aix , a Town in Provence . Albania , a Province in Greece , heretofore comprised under that of Macedon . Albenga , a Town in the Republick of Genoa . Alburg , a Town in the Diocess of Alburg . Alburg Diocess , in North-Jutland . Alcala de Henares , a Town in New-Castile . Alenson , a Town in Normandy . Aleppo , a Town in Turky in Asia . Alexandretta or Scanderoon , a Town in Turky in Asia . Alexandria , a Town in Bgypt . Algarves , a Province in Spain , belonging to Portugal . Algeri , a Town in Sardinia . Algier , a Town in Earbary . Alicant , a Town in the Province of Valentia Alpes , Mountains dividing Italy from France , and Germany . Alsagsh or Ardock , anciently Jaxartes , a River in Great Tartary . Alsatia or Alsace , a Province in France . Altorf , a Town in the Canton of Uri . Amalfi , a Town in the Nigher Principality . Amara , a Town in Abissinia . Amazon River or Orelhana , in Peru ▪ Amberg , a Town in the Palatinate of Bavaria . America or West Indies , one of the four parts of the World , called anciently Atlantis Insula . Amiens , a Town in Picardy . Amsterdam , a Town in the County of Holland . Ancient Tartary or North Tartary , part of Great Tartary . Ancona , a Town in the Marquisate of Ancona . Ancona Marquisate , in the Dominion of the Pope . Andaluzia , a Province in Spain . Andes , Mountains between Chili , and Magellanica . Anger 's , a Town in Anjou . Anglesey , an Island , and County in Wales . Angola or St. Paolo , a Town in Congo . Angouleme , a Town in Angoumois . Angoumois , a Province in the Government of Orleanois . Anjou , a Province in the Government of Orleanois . Antego Islands or Antilles , in the North Sea towards New Spain . Antwerp , a Town in the Marquisate of the Holy Empire . Antwerp Seigniory , or Marquisate of the Holy Empire , one of the Seventeen Provinces ; in Flanders . Apenine , Mountains going through the middle of Italy , from North-West to South-East . Appenzel , a Town in the Canton of Appenzel . Appenzel Canton , a Province in Swizzerland . Aquila , a Town in the Nigher Abruzzo . Arabia , a Country in Asia . Aragon , a Province in Spain . Archangel , a Town in Muscovy . Archipelago or White Sea , on the East side of Greece . Archipelago of St. Lazarus , a Sea between the Japan and Phillippine Islands . Arda , a Town in Guinny . Ardevil , a Town in Persia . Ardock or Alsagsh , anciently Jaxartes , a River in Great Tartary . Arhusen , a Town in the Diocess of Athusen . Athusen Diocess , in North-Jutland . Arica , a Town in Peru. Armagh , a Town in Ulster . Armiro , a Town in Janna . Arnhem , a Town in Gelderland . Arno , a River in Italy . Arquico , a Town in Abissinia . Arras , a Town in Artois . Artois , one of the Seventeen Provinces ; in the French Netherlands . Ascension , a little Island in the Southern Ocean . Aschaffemburg , a Town in the Diocess of Mentz . Asia , one of the four parts of the World. Assumption , a Town in Paraguay . Astracan , a Town in Tartary Desart . Asturia , a Province in Spain . Athlone , a Town in Connaught . Atlantick or Western Ocean , about the west side of Europe and Africk . Atlas , a Mountain between Barbary and Bildulgerid , now called Claros . Auch , a Town in Gascony . Augsburg , a Town in Schwaben . Aviles , a Town in Asturia . Austria , a Province in Germany . Autun , a Town in the Duchy of Burgundy . Auvergn , a Province in the Government of Lyonnois . Azof or Azac , a Town in Little Tartary . Azores or Terceran Islands , in the Western Ocean . B BAgdat , a Town in Turky in Asia . Bagnialuck , a Town in Bosnia . Bahus , a Town in the Government of Bahus . Bahus Government , in Norway . Balbastro , a Town in Aragon . Balch or Jihun , heretofore Oxus , a River in Great Tartary . Baldivia , a Town in Chili . Baltick Sea , anciently Sinus Codanus ; between Germany , Poland , and Swedeland . Bar , a Town in Podolia . Barbary , heretofore ( for the most part ) Mauritania , a Country in Africk . Barcelona , a Town in Caralonia . Bari , a Town in the Territories of Bari . Bari Territories , in the Kindom of Naples . Barkshire , in the Kingdom of Wessex . Barwick , a Town in the County of Northumberland . Basil , a Town in the Canton of Basil . Basil Canton , in Swizzerland . Basil Diocess , in Swizzerland . Basilicata , a Province in the Kingdom of Naples . Bastia , a Town in Canina . Bastia , a Town in Corsica . Bath , a Town in Somersetshire . Bavaria Duchy , the greatest part of the Province of Bavaria , in Germany Bavaria Palatinate , part of the great Province of Bavaria , in Germany . Bautzen , a Town in Lusatia . Bearford , a Town in Greenland . Bearn , a Province in the Government of Guienn , and Gascony . Beauce , a Province in the Government of Orleanois . Bedfordshire , in the Kingdom of Mercia . Belgrade , a Town in Servia . Belt , a straight or narrow passage in the Baltick Sea , between Zeland and Funen . Benevento , a Town in the Further Principality . Bengala , a Town in the Indian Continent . Benin , a Town in Guinny . Berg or Bergen , a Town in the Government of Bergen . Bergen Government , in Norway . Berlin , a Town in the Marquisate of Brandenburg . Bern , a Town in the Canton of Bern. Bern Canton , in Swizzerland . Berry , a Province in the Government of Orleanois . Bessarabia , a Province in Turky in Europe . Bezanson , a Town in Franche County . Bialogrod , a Town in Bessarabia . Bielizero , a Town in Muscovy . Bielsko , a Town in Polachia . Bilbao , a Town in Biscay . Bildulgerid , in time past Numidia , a Country in Africk . Biscay , a Province in Spain . Black Sea , a kind of a Gulf between Turky , Little Tartary , and Georgia , called in time past Pontus Euxinus . Bleking , a little Province , part of South-Gothland . Bockora , a Town in Ziagathay . Bohemia , a Province in Germany . Bolduc , a Town in Brabant . Bologna , a Town in Bolognese . Bolognese , a Province in the Dominion of the Pope . Bonifacio , a Town in Corsica . Bonn , a Town in the Diocess of Colen . Boristhenes or Nieper , a River in Poland . Bosnia or Bossina , a Province in Turky in Europe , part of the ancient Illyricum . Boston , a Town in New England . Bourbonnois , a Province in the Government of Lyonnois . Bourdeaux , a Town in Guienn . Bourg , a Town in Bress . Bourges , a Town in Berry . Boxa , a Town in Abissinia . Brabant , one of the Seventeen Provinces ; in Flanders . Braclaw or Bratzlaw , a Town in Podolia . Braga , a Town in Portugal . Brandenburg , a Town in the Marquisate of Brandenburg . Brandenburg Marquisate , in Germany . Brasil , a Country in South America . Braskow , a Town in Walachia . Bratzlaw or Braclaw a Town in Podolia . Brava , a Town in Zanguebar . Brecknockshire , in Wales . Breda , a Town in Brabant . Bremen , a Town in the Territories of Bremen . Bremen Territories , in Lower Saxony . Breslaw , a Town in Silesia . Bress , a Province in the Government of Burgundy . Brest , a Town in Bretaigne . Bretaigne , a Province in France . Brinn , a Town in Moravia . Brisack , a Town ill Brisgow . Brisgow , a Province in the Southern part of Germany . Bristow , a Town in Somersetshire . Britain or Great Britain , a Country in Europe ; the largest of the British Isles , anciently known by the name of Albion . British Isles , in the Western Ocean , part of Europe . Brixen , a Town in Tirole . Brunswick , a Town in the Duchy of Brunswick . Brunswick and Lunenburg Duchy , in Lower Saxony . Brussels , a Town in Brabant . Buckinghamshire , in the Kingdom of Mercia . Buda or Offen , a Town in Hungary . Buenos Aires , a Town in Paraguay . Bulgar , a Town in Tartary Desart . Bulgaria , a Province in Turky in Europe , part of the ancient Moesia . Burgos , a Town in Old Castile . Burgundy County or Franche County , a Province in France . Burgundy Duchy , a Province , and the greatest part of the Government of Burgundy . Burgundy Government , in France . Bursa , a Town in Turky in Asia . Butua , a Town in Monomotopa . C CAdiz , a Town in Andaluzia . Caen , a Town in Normandy . Caermarthenshire , in Wales . Caernarvon , a Town in Caernarvonshire . Caernarvonshire , in Wales . Caffa or Kaffa , a Town in Little Tartary . Cafreria or Coast of the Caffres , a Country in Africk . Cagliari , a Town in Sardinia . Cahors , a Town in Quercy . Cairo , a Town in Egypt . Calabria the Further , a Province in the Kingdom of Naples . Calabria the Nigher , a Province in the Kingdom of Naples . Calais , a Town in Picardy . Calisurnia , an Island in the Pacifick Sea. Calmar , a Town in Ostro-Gothland . Calzem or Suez , a Town in Egypt . Cambaia , a Town in the Indian Continent . Cambaln or Muoncheu , a Town in Cathay . Cambray , a Town in Cambresis . Cambresis , a Province in the French Netherlands . Cambridg , a Town in Cambridgshire . Cambridg or New-Town , a Town in New England . Cambridgshire , in the Kingdom of the East Angles . Campania di Roma , a Province in the Dominion of the Pope . Campion or Tanguth , a Town in Cathay . Camul or Xamo , a Town in Cathay . Canada or New France , a Country in North America . Canaries , Islands in the Western Ocean , called in time past Fortunate Islands . Candy , a Town in the Isle of Candy . Candy , anciently Creet , an Island in the Mediterranean Sea. Canea , a Town in Candy . Cangan , a Town in Abissinia . Canina , heretofore called sometimes Epirus , and sometimes Chaonia , a Province in Greece Cano , a Town in Nigritia . Canterbury , a Town in the County of Kent . Cantozi a Town in Nigritia Cape of Good Hope , the most Southern land of Africk . Cape Verd Islands , called heretofore Hesperian Islands , in the Western Ocean . Capitanata or Puglia , a Province in the Kingdom of Naples Capua , a Town in Terra di Lavoro . Caramoran or Hoang , a River in China Cardiff , a Town in Glamorganshire . Cardiganshire , in Wales . Carinthia , a Province in the Southern part of Germany . Carlisle , a Town in Cumberland . Carniola , a Province in the Southern part of Germany . Carolina a Province in New England . Carthagena , a Town in Castilla del Oro Carthagena or New Carthage , a Town in Murcia , Casal , a Town in Monferrat . Cascar , a Town in Ziagathay . Cassel , a Town in Hessen . Cassena , a Town in Nigritia . Castile the New , a Province in Spain . Castile the Old , a Province in Spain . Castilla del Oro , a Country in South America . Castro , a Town in the Duchy of Castro . Castro Duchy , in the Dominion of the Pope . Caswin , a Town in Persia . Catalonia , a Province in Spain . Catania , a Town in Val●di Demona . Cathay or Tartary of the Cham , part of Great Tartary . Caucasus , a great Mountain between the Indian Continent , and Great Tartary ; also a Mountain in Georgia . Caxumo , a Town in Abissinia . Cazan , a Town in Tartary Desart . Cefalonia , an Island in the Mediterranean Sea , North-Westward from Morea . Ceperou or Fort Lewis , a Town in Guyana . Cerigo , an Island in the Mediterranean Sea , near the South Coast of Morea . Cevennes , a Province in the Government of Languedock . Chalons upon Marne , a Town in Champaigne . Chalons upon Saone , a Town in the Duchy of Burgundy . Chambery , a Town in Savoy . Champaigne , a Province in France . Channel , the name of the Sea between England and France . Charletnont , a Town in the county of Namur . Charles Town , a Town in Carolina . Chazan or Kaimach , a Town in North Tartarij . Cheshire , in the Kingdom of Mercia Chester , a Town in Cheshire . Chichester , a Town in the County of Sussex . Chili , a Country in South America . China , a Country in Asia . China Islands , about the Coast of China . Chotan , a Town in Thebet . Christianstad , a Town in Bleking . Ciandu , a Town in North Tartary . Cilly , a Town in the County of Cilly . Cilly Country , in the Southern part of Germany . Cirenza , a Town in Basilicata . Citadelli , a Town in the Isle of Minorca . Civita Vecchia , a Town in the Patrimony of St. Peter . Clagenfurt , a Town in Carinthia . Claros , a Mountain between Barbary and Bildulgerid , heretofore Atlas . Clausenburg , a Town in Transilvania . Clermont , a Town in Auvergne . Cleves , a Town in the Duchy of Cleves . Cleves Duchy , in the Western part of Germany . Coast of the Caffres or Cafreria , a Country in Africk . Coblentz , a Town in the Diocess of Treves . Coimbra , a Town in Portugal . Coir , a Town in the Territories of the Grisons . Colberg , a Town in Pomeren . Colchester , a Town in the County of Essex Colen , a Town in the Diocess of Colen . Colen Diocess , in the Western part of Germany . Comachio , a Town in the Territories of Comachio . Comachio Territories , in the Dominion of the Pope . Compostella , a Town in New Spain . Conception , a Town in Chili . Congo , a Country in Africk . Connaught a Province in Ireland . Constance , a Town in Schwaben . Constantinople , in time past Bysantium , a Town in Romania . Contessa , a Town in Macedon . Copenhagen , a Town in Zeeland . Cordova , a Town in Tucuman . Cordova , a Town in Andaluzia . Corsu , an Island in the Mediterranean Sea , near the Western Coast of Greece . Corinth , a Town in Morea . Cork , a Town in Munster . Cornwall , a County in the Kingdom of the West Saxons . Coro , a Town in Castilla del Oro. Corou , a Town in Guyana . Corunna or I a Corunna , a Town in Gallicia . Corsica , an Island in the Mediterranean Sea. Cosenza , a Town in the Nigher Calabria . Cossir , a Town in Egypt . Coventry , a Town in Warwickshire . Cracow , a Town in Upper Poland . Crapack , Mountains between Poland and Hungary , called in times past Carpathian Hills . Cremona , a Town in Milanese . Cremz , a Town in Austria . Crim , a Town in Little Tartary . Croatia , a Province in Turky in Europe , part of the ancient Country of Illyricum . Cronemberg , a Town in Zeeland . Culm , a Town in Prussia Roial . Cumberland , a County in the Kingdom of Northumberland . Curland , a Province in Poland . Cusco , a Town in Peru. Cyprus , an Island in the Mediterranean Sea. Czersk , a Town in Mazovia . Czirkassi , a Town in Ukrania . D DAlmatia , a Province in Turky in Europe , part of the ancient Country of Illyricum . Damascus , a Town in Turky in Asia . Damiata , a Town in Egypt . Dancala , a Town in Nub a. Danow or Danube , a River running through Germany and Turky , anciently called Ister . Dantzick a Town in Prussia Roial . Dara , a Town in Bildulgerid . Darbyshire , in the Kingdom of Merica . Darmstad , a Town in Hessen . Dauphiny , a Province in France . Delli , a Town in the Indian Continent . Denbigh , a Town in Denbighshire . Denbighshire , in Wales , Denmark , a Country in Europe , inhabited anciently by the Cimbri . Depsan , a Town in Abissinia . Derbent , a Town in Persia . Derpt , a Town in Livonia . Deventer , a Town in Overissel . Devonshire , in the Kingdom of the West Saxons . Dijon , a Town in the Duchy of Burgundy . Dol , a Town in Franche County . Dombrowitza , a Town in Walachia . Dominion of the Pope or State of the Church , a great Province in Italy . Don or Tanais , a River in Muscovy . Doncala , a Town in Abissinia . Dongo , a Town in Congo . Dorcetshire , in the Kingdom of the West Saxons . Dornock , a Town in North Scotland . Dort , a Town in the County of Holland . Dover , a Town in the County of Kent . Draw , a River in Turky in Europe , falling into the Danube . Dresden , a Town in Misnia . Drogdagh , a Town in Ulster . Drunthem , in time past Nidrosia , a Town in the Government of Drunthem . Drunthem Government , in Norway . Dublin , a Town in Lemster . Duero , a River in Spain . Dulcigno , a Town in Dalmatia . Dunbriton , a Town in South Scotland . Dundee , a Town in North Scotland . Dunkirk , a Town in the County of Flanders . Dunstafag , an old Town in North Scotland . Durazzo , a Town in Albania . Durham , a Town in the County of Durham . Durham , a County in the Kingdom of Northumberland . Dwina , a River in Muscovy . E EAst-England , or Kingdom of the East Angles , one of the seven Saxon Kingdoms in England . East-Indies , ( strictly taken ) is the Empire of the Mogol with the two adjacent Peninsula's ; but under this name is often included all the Coasts , from the Cape of Good Hope to the Japan Islands Eastern Ocean or Indian Ocean on the South side of Asia . Ebro , a River in Spain , anciently called Iberus . Edenburg , a Town in South Scotland . Egra , a Town in Bohemia . Egypt , a Country in Africk . Elbe , a River in Germany . Elbing , a Town in Prussia Ducal . El-Catif , a Town in Arabia . El-Dorado or Manoa , a Town in Guyana . Ely , a Town in Cambridgshire , Empire of the Mogol or Indian Continent , a Country in Asia . England , the South part of Great Britain , a Country in Europe ; known in time past by the name of Albion . Erfurt , a Town in Turingia . Eryn or Ireland , a Country in Europe , one of the British Isles , called by the Romans Hibernia ; and sometimes known by the names of Iverna or Ierna . Erzerum , a Town in Turky in Asia . Es●urial , a Palace and Monastery near to Madrid , in New Castile . Eslingen , a Town in Brisgow . Essex , a Kingdom in the County of Essex . Essex , one of the seven Saxon Kingdom ; in England . Estella , a Town in Navarr . Euphrates , a River in Turky in Asia . Euripus or Straights of Negropont , an Arm of the Sea , which divides the Isle of Negropont from Livadia . Europe , one of the four parts of the World. Excester , a Town in Devonshire . F FAir Islands or Isles of Fero , some of the British Isles , lying Northward from Scotland . Faro , a Town in Algarves . Ferden , a Town in the Territories of Ferden . Ferden Territories , in Lower Saxony . Fero or Fair Islands , some of the British Isles lying Northward from Scotland . Ferrara , a Town in the Duchy of Ferrara . Ferrara Duchy , a Province in the Dominion of the Pope . Fez , a Town in Barbary . Finland , a Provine in Swedeland . Flanders County , one of the Seventeen Provinces ; in the Spanish Netherlands . Flanders or Spanish Netherlands , a Country in Europe adjoining to France ; the better part of the Seventeen Provinces . Flendsburg , a Town in the Duchy of Sleswick . Flintshire , in Wales . Florence , a Town in Tuscany . Florence Duchy or Tuscany , a large Province in the middle of Italy , called once Hetruria . Florida , a Country in North America . Flushing , a Town in Zeland . Fontarabia , a Town in Biscay . Fort Lewis or Ceperou , a Town in Guyana . France , heretofore Gaule , a Country in Europe . Francfort , a Town in Franconia . Francfort upon Oder , a Town in the Marquisate of Brandenburg . Franche County or the County of Burgundy , a Province in France . Franconia , a Province in Germany . Franeker , a Town in West-Friseland . Frederickstad , a Town in the Government of Agger . Fremona , a Town in Abissinia . French Netherlands , a new Government which belongs to France ; being three or four of the Seventeen Provinces , next adjoining to Picardy . Frescati , a Town in Campania di Roma . Fresh-water Sea , a Lake so called in Canada . Friburg , a Town in Brisgow . Friburg , a Town in the Canton of Friburg . Friburg Canton , in Swizzerland . Fuien or Funen , an Island in the Baltick Sea. Fuld , a Town in Hessen . G GAgo , a Town in Nigritia . Gallicia , a Province in Spain . Gallipoli , a Town in Romania . Galway , a Town in Connaught . Ganges , a River in the Indian Continent . Garnsey , one of the British Isles near Normandy Westward . Garonn , a River in France . Gascony , a Province in the Government of Guienn and Gascony . Gaunt , a Town in the County of Flanders . Gelderland , one of the Seventeen Provinces ; in Flanders . Gelders , a Town in Gelderland . Genehoa , a Town in Nigritia . Genoa , a Town in the Republick of Genoa . Genoa Republick , a Province in Lombardy . Geneva , a Town and Republick in Savoy . Georgia , a Country in Asia ; the Western part whereof went heretofore under the name of Colchos . Germany , a Country in Europe . Ghammas , a River in Great Tartary . Ghir , a River in Zaara . Gibel or Aetna , a Mountain in Val di Demona . Gibraltar , the name of a Straight which joins the Mediterranean Sea to the Ocean . Glamorganshire , in Wales . Glaritz , a Town in the Canton of Glaritz . Glaritz Canton , a Province in Swizzerland . Glascow , a Town in South Scotland . Glocester , a Town in Glocestershire . Glocestershire , in the Kingdom of Mercia . Gluckstad , a Town in Holsten . Gnesna or Gniesen , a Town in Lower Poland . Goa , a Town in the Indian Peninsula on this side Ganges . Golconda , a Town in the Indian Peninsula on this side Ganges . Goldingen , a Town in Curland . Goreden or Kori , a Town in Georgia . Gorlitz , a Town in Lusatia . Gothburg or Gottemburg , a Town in Westro-Gothland . Gothland , a great Province in Swedeland . Gottorp , a Town in the Duchy of Sleswick . Gradiskia , a Town in Slavonia . Gran , a Town in Hungary . Granada , a Town in the Province of Granada . Granada , a Province in Spain ▪ Grand Caire or Cairo , a Town in Egypt . Great Britain , heretofore Albion , a Country in Europe ; the largest of the British Isles . Great Novogrod , a Town in Muscovy . Great Tartary , anciently Scythia , all the North part of Asia , Greece , the most Southern part of Turky in Europe . Greenland , a Country in Terra Arctica . Grenoble , a Town in Dauphiny . Grisons Territorries , in Swizzerland . Groningen , a Town in the Seigniory of Groningen . Groningen Seigniary , one of the Seventeen Provinces ; in Holland . Gros-Glogaw , a Town in Silesia . Guadalaiara , a Town in New Spain . Guadalquivir , a River in Spain , known to the Romans by the name of Baetis . Guadiana , a River in Spain . Guadix . a Town in the Province of Granada . Gualata , a Town in Nigritia . Guastella , a Town in the Duchy of Mantua . Guber , a Town in Nigritia . Gueret , a Town in La Marche . Guienn , a Province in the Government of Guienn and Gascony . Guienn and Gascony Government , in France . Guinny , a Country in Africk . Gulf of La Plata , an Arm of the Sea in Paraguay . Gulf of Mexico , between Mexico and Florida . Gulf of Venice or Adriatick Sea , adjoining to Italy on the North-West side . Gustrow , a Town in Mecklenburg . Guyana , a Country in South America . H HAgue , a Town in the County of Holland . Halicz , a Town in Russia the Black. Halland , a little Province , part of South-Gothland . Hamburg , a Town upon the Frontiers of Holtten and Saxony . Hampshire , in the Kingdom of Wessex . Hannover , a Town in the Duchy of Brunswick . Hartford , a Town in Hartfordshire . Hartfordshire , in the Kingdom of Essex . Hastings , a Town in the County of Sussex . Haynault , one of the Seventeen Provinces ; in Flanders . Hebrides or Inchgalles , some of the British Isles near Scotland Westward . Heidelberg , a Town in the Palatinate of the Rhine . Helsenore , a Town in Zeeland . Hereford , a Town in Herefordshire . Herefordshire , in the Kingdom of Mercia . Hermanstad , a Town in Transilvania . Hessen , a Province in Germany . Hetland or Sherland Isles , some of the British Islands , not far from Scotland , towards the North East . Hoang or Caramoran , a River in China . Hola , a Town in Island . Holland , Vnited Netherlands , or Vnited Provinces ; the Northern part of the Low Countries . Holland County , one of the Seventeen Provinces ; in the United Netherlands . Holsatia or Holsten , a Province in South-Jutland . Hudsons Bay , North-Westward from Canada . Hull , a Town in Yorkshire . Hungary , anciently called Pannonia , a great Province in Turky in Europe . Huntingtonshire , in the Kingdom of Mercia . I JAcca , a Town in Aragon . Jaickza or Jazy , a Town in Moldavia . Jalac , a Town in Nubia . James-Town , a Town in Virginia . Janna , called heretofore Thessaly , a Province in Greece . Japan Islands , in the the Indian Ocean . Javarin or Raab a Town in Imperial Hungary . Jaytza , a Town in Bosnia . Jazy or Jaickza , a Town in Moldavia . Jersey , one of the British Isles near the Coast of Normandy . Jerusalem , a Town in Turky in Asia . Jesso , the name of a Country in Terra Arctica . Jihun or Balch , anciently Oxus , a River in Great Tartary . Imaus , a Mountain or Mountains in Tartary . Inchgalles or Hebrides , some of the British Isles , near Scotland Westward . Indian Continent or Empire of the Mogol , a Country in Asia . Indian Ocean or Eastern Ocean , on the South side of Asia . Indian Peninsula beyond Ganges , a Country in Asia . Indian Peninsula on this side Ganges , a Country in Asia . Indies , they are divided into East Indies , and West Indies . Ingria , a Province in Swedeland . Inspruck , a Town in Tirole . Ipswich , a Town in Suffolk . Ireland or Eryn , a Country in Europe , one of the British Isles ; anciently called Hibernia , and not seldom Iverna or Ierna . Irish Sea , between England and Ireland . Island , called heretofore Thule , an Island in the Northern Ocean . Isle of France , a Province in France . Ispaban , a Town in Persia Italy , a Country in Europe : It was called heretofore sometimes Italia , and sometimes Ausonia ; but generally known to the Greeks by the name of Hesperia . Juannogrod , a Town in Ingria . Ivica , a Town in the Isle of Ivica . Ivica , an Island in the Mediterranean Sea. Juliers , a Town in the Duchy of Juliers . Juliers Duchy , in the Western part of Germany . Jutland , the greatest part of Denmark , divided into North and South Jutland : In times past it was called the Cimbrick Chersonesus . K KAffa or Caffa , a Town in Little Tartary . Kaimach or Chazan , a Town in North Tartary . Kalisz , a Town in Lower Poland . Kaminieck , a Town in Podolia . Kanisia , a Town in Hungary . Kent , a County and one of the Seven Saxon Kingdoms in England . Kiang , a River in China . Kiel , a Town in Holsten . Kilaloe , a Town in Connaught . Kilan or Sala , the name of a great Lake or Sea , between Persia and Tartary ; called heretofore the Caspian Sea. Kilkenny , a Town in Lemster . Kimi , a Town in Lapmark . Kimi , a River in Swedeland . Kimi , Territories or Lapmark , a little Province in Lapland . Kiow , a Town in Volhinia . Komora , a Town in Imperial Hungary . Koningsberg , a Town in Prussia Ducal . Kori or Goreden , a Town in Georgia . Kuttenberg , a Town in Bohemia . L La Corunna or Corunna , a Town in Gallicia . La Marche , a Province in the Government of Lyonnois . La Plata , a Town in Peru. La Plata , part of Paraguay . La Plata , the name of a River in La Plata . Labor , a Town in the Indian Continent . Lake of Geneva , between Swizzerland and Savoy . Lake Parima , in Guyana . Lancashire , in the Kingdom of Northumberland . Lancaster , a Town in Lancashire . Lanciano , a Town in the Further Abruzzo . Land of the Blacks or Nigritia , a Country in Africk . Land of Jesso , a Country in Terra Arctica . Landaff , a Town in Glamorganshire . Landskroon , a Town in Schonen . Languedock , a Province and the greatest part of the Government of Languedock . Languedock Government , in France . Lapland or Laponia , a Province in Swedeland . Lapmark or Kimi , a little Province , part of Lapland Larissa , a Town in Janna . Larta , a Town in Canina . Lauback , a Town in Carniola . Lau'ann , a Town in the Canton of Bern. Legorn , a Town in Tuscany . Leicestershire , in the Kingdom of Mercia . Leith , a Town in South Scotland . Lemster , a Province in Ireland . Leon , a Town in New Spain . Leon , a Town in the Province of Leon. Leon , a Province in Spain . Leopol or Lewenburg , a Town in Russia the Black. Lepanto , a Town in Livadia . Lewarden , a Town in West-Frizeland . Lewenburg or Leopol , a Town in Russia the Black. Lewes , a Town in the County of Sussex . Leyden , a Town in the County of Holland Lichfield , a Town in Staffordshire . Liege , a Town in the Diocess of Liege . Liege Diocess , in the Western part of Germany , almost environed by the Low Countries . Liguitz , a Town in Silesia . Lima or Los Reies , a Town in Peru. Limburg , a Town in the Duchy of Limburg . Limburg Duchy , one of the Seventeen Provinces ; in Flanders . Limerick a Town in Munster . Limoges , a Town in Limosin . Limosin , a Province in the Government of Gulenn and Gascony . Lincoln , a Town in Lincolnshire . Lincolnshire , in the Kingdom of Mercia . Linkopen , a Town in Ostro-Gothland . Lintz , a Town in Austria . Lis , a River in the Low Countries . Lisbon , a Town in Portugal . Lisle , a Town in the County of Flanders . Lithuania , a great Province in Poland . Little Novogrod , a Town in Muscovy . Little Tartary , heretofore Scythia Taurica , a little Country in Europe , tributary to the Turk . Livadia , a Province in Greece ; it was called anciently Achaia . Livonia , a Province in Swedeland . Loire , a River in France . Lombardy , a great Province in the North part of Italy . London , a Town in the County of Middlesex . Londonderry , a Town in Ulster . Lorain , a Province in France . Loreto , a Town in the Marquisate of Ancona . Los Reies or Lima , a Town in Peru. Lot , a River in France that falls into the Garonn , between Gascony and Guienn . Lovain , a Town in Brabant . Low Countries or Seventeen Provinces , in Europe ; known in time past by the name of Belgia . Lubeck , a Town upon the Territories of Holsten and Mecklenburg . Lublin , a Town in Upper Poland . Lucca , a Town in the Republick of Lucca . Lucca Republick , a little Province in Italy , near Tuscany Westward . Lucern , a Town in the Canton of Lucern . Lucern Canton , in Swizzerland . Lula , a Town in the Territories of Lula . Lula Territories , in Lapland . Lunae Mons or Mountains of the Moon , between Abissinia and Monomotopa . Lunden , a Town in Schonen . Lunenburg , a Town in the Duchy of Lunenburg . Lunenburg and Brunswick Duchy , in Lower Saxony . Lusatia , a Province in the Eastern part of Germany . Lutzko , a Town in Volhinia Luxemburg , a Town in the Duchy of Luxemburg . Luxemburg Duchy , one of the Seventeen Provinces in Flanders . Lyonnois , a Province in the Government of Lyonnois . Lyonnois Government , in France . Lyons , a Town in Lyonnois . M MAcao , a Town in a small Island upon the Coast of China . Macedon , a Province in Greece . Madagascar or St. Laurence , an Island in the Southern Ocean . Madera Islands , in the Western Ocean . Madragan or Monomotopa , a Town in the Country of Monomotopa . Madrid , a Town in New Castile . Maestricht , a Town in the Duchy of Limburg . Magadoxo , a Town in Zanguebar . Magellanica ▪ a Country in South America . Magellanica or Terra Incognita , a great Tract of Land towards the South Pole. Magellanick Islands , in the Magellanick Sea. Magellanick Sea , towards the most Southern side of America . Magliano , a Town in Terra Sabina . Maine , a Province in the Government of Orleanois . Majorca , a Town in the Isle of Majorca . Majorca , an Island in the Mediterranean Sea. Malacca , a Town in the Indian Peninsula beyond Ganges . Malaga , a Town in the Province of Granada . Maldives , Islands in the Indian Ocean . Malines , a Town in the Seigniory of Malines . Malines Seigniory , one of the Seventeen Provinces ; in Flanders . Malmuyen , a Town in Schonen . Malta , an Iland in the Mediterranean Sea. Man , one of the British Isles between England , Scotland , and Ireland . Mandinga , a Town in Nigritia . Manfredonia , a Town in Capitanata . Manoa or El Dorado , a Town in Guyana . Man 's , a Town in Maine . Mantua , a Town in the Duchy of Mantua . Mantua Duchy , a small Province in Lombardy . Mara●baon , a Town in Brasil . Marienburg , a Town in Prussia Royal. Marne , a River in France , Marocco , a Town in Barbary . Marquisate of the Holy Empire , or Antwerp Seigniory , one of the Seventeen Provinces ; in Flanders . Marseilles , a Town in France . Marstrand , a Town in the Government of Bahus . Massapa or Zimbaoe , a Town in Monomotopa . Mavaralnahara , otherwise Vsbeck or Ziagathay , part of Great Tartary . Mazovia , a Province in Poland . Meath , a Province in Ireland . Mecca , a Town in Arabia . Mecklenburg , a Province in Germany . Medina , a Town in Arabia . Mediterranean Sea , between Europe and Africk . Melinda , a Town in Zanguebar . Melun , a Town in the Isle of France . Memel , a Town in Prussia Ducal . Menan , a River in India . Mentz , a Town in the Diocess of Mentz . Mentz Diocess , in the Western part of Germany . Mercia , one of the Seven Saxon Kingdoms in England . Merida , a Town in New Spain . Merionethshire , in Wales . Messina , a Town in Val di Demona . Metling , a Town in Windisch Marck . Metz , a Town in Lorain . Meuse , a River in the Low Countries . Mexicana or North America , All the North part of America ; so called from Mexico . Mexico , a Town in New Spain . Mexico or New Spain , a Country in North America . Middelfurt , a Town in Funen . Middelfurt Sound , a Straight or narrow passage in the Baltick Sea , between Jutland and Funen . Middleburg , a Town in Zeland , Middlesex , a County in the Kingdom of Essex . Milan , a Town in Milanese . Milanese , a Province in Lombardy . Mina or St. George of the Mine , a Town in Guinny . Minden , a Town in the Territories of Minden . Minden Territoris , in Lower Saxony . Minorca , an Island in the Mediterranean Sea. Mirandola , a Town in the Duchy of Mantua . Misithra , anciently Lacedaemon , a Town in Morea . Misnia , a little Province in Upper Saxony . Mittaw , a Town in Curland . Modena , a Town in the Duchy of Modena . Modena Duchy , a little Province in Lombardy . Moldavia , part of the ancient Dacia , a Province in Europe , tributary to the Turk . Molingar , a Town in Meath . Molissa , a Town in the County of Molissa . Molissa County , in the Kingdom of Naples . Moluccoes , Islands in the Indian Ocean . Mombaza , a Town in Zanguebar . Mompellier , a Town in Languedock . Monbelliard , a Town in the County of Monbelliard . Monbelliard County , in the Government of Franche County . Mondonnedo , a Town in Gallicia . Monferrat , a little Province in Lombardy . Monmouthshire , in the Kingdom of Mercia Monomotopa , a Country in Africk . Monomotopa or Madragan , a Town in the Country of Monomotopa . Mons , a Town in Haynault . Monstiers , a Town in Savby . Montgomery , a Town in Montgomeryshire . Montgomeryshire , in Wales . Montmedy , a Town in the Duchy of Luxemburg . Montmelian , a Town in Savoy . Montreal , a Town in Canada . Montreal , a Town in Val di Mazata . Moravia , a Province in Germany . Morea , a Province in Greece , called heretofore Peloponnesus . Morlakia , a small Province in Turky in Europe , contiguous to Croatia . Mosco , a Town in Muscovy . Mosul , a Town in Turky in Asia . Moulins a Town in Bourbonnois . Mountains of the Moon , between Abissinia , and Monomotopa , Muzambick , a Town in Zanguebar . Munchen , a Town in the Duchy of Bavaria . Munster , a Town in Westphalia . Munster , a Province in Ireland . Muoncheu or Cambalu , a Town in Cathay . Murcia , a Town in the Province of Murcia . Murcia , a Province in Spain . Muscovy or Russia , part of the antient Sarmatia ; a Country in Europe . N NAmur , a Town in the County of Namur . Namur County , one of the Seventeen Provinces ; in Flanders . Nanciang , a Town in China . Nancy , a Town in Lorain . Nanking , a Town in China . Nantes , a Town in Bretaigne . Naples , called formerly Parthenope , a Town in Terra di Lavoro . Naples , a Kingdom and a great part of Italy . Narbonn , a Town in Languedock . Narsinga , a Town in the Indian Peninsula on this side Ganges . Navarr , a Province in Spain . Negropont , a Town in the Isle of Negropont . Negropont , heretofore Euboea an Island in the Mediterranean Sea , on the Eastside of Greece . Netherlands or Seventeen Provinces , in Europe , anciently known by the name of Belgia . Nevers , a Town in Nivernois . Newburg , a Town in the Palatinate of Bavaria . New Carthage or Carthagina , a Town in Murcia . New Castile , a Province in Spain . Newcastle , a Town in Northumberland . New England , a little Province in the great Country of New England . New England , a Country in North America . New-found Land , a great Island in the North Sea , near Canada . New France or Canada , a Country in North America . New Granada , a Town in New Mexico . New Guinny , a great Island in the Pacifick Sea , towards Asia . New Holland or New York , a little Province in New England . New Mexico , a Country in North America . New Plymouth , a Town in New England . New Spain or Mexico , a Country in North America . Newstad , a Town in Moravia . New-Town or Cambridg , a Town in New England . New York , a Town in the Province of New York . New York or New Holland , a little Province in New England . Niburg , a Town in Funen . Niemen , a River in Poland . Nieper or Boristhenes , a River in Poland . Niester , a River in Poland . Nigepoli , a Town in Bulgaria . Niger , a River in Nigritia . Nigritia or Land of the Blacks , a Country in Africk . Nikopen , a Town in Sweden . Nile , a River in Egypt . Nimmegen , a Town in Gelderland . Nisa , a Town in Servia . Nivernois , a Province in the Government of Orleanois . Nizza a Town in Piedmont . Nogent , a Town in Perche . Norfolk , a County in the Kingdom of the East Angles . Norimberg , a Town in Franconia . Normandy , a Province in France . North America , almost one half of America Northward , otherwise called Mexicana . Northamptonshire , in the Kingdom of Mercia . North-Gothland . a Province in Swedeland . North-Jutland , a Province in Denmark . North Kin , a Cape upon the most Northern Coast of Jutland . North Sea , on the North-East side of America . North Tartary or Ancient Tartary , part of Great Tartary . Northern Ocean , formerly Scythian Sea , on the North side of Europe and Asia . Northumberland , a County in the Kingdom of Northumberland . Northumberland , one of the Seven Saxon Kingdoms in England . Norway , a Country in Europe , Norwich , a Town in Norfolk , Noteburg , a Town in Ingria . Noto , a Town in Val di Noto , Nottinghamshire , in the Kingdom of Mercia . Novogrod the Greater , a Town in Muscovy . Novogrod the Less , a Town in Muscovy . Novogrodeck , a Town in Lithuania . Novogrod-Sevierski , a Town in the Duchy of Novogrod-Sevierski . Novogrod Sevierski and Smolensko Dukedoms , in Poland . Nubia , a Town in Nubia . Nubia , a Country in Africk . Numantia , a ruined Town in Old Castile , anciently very famous . O OBius , a River in Great Tartary . Odensee , a Town in Funen . Odir , a River in Germany . Offen or Buda , a Town in Hungary . Oldenburg , a Town in the Territories of Oldenburg . Oldenburg Territories , in Lower Saxony . Olinda , a Town in Brasil . Olita , a Town in Navarr . Olmutz , a Town in Moravia . Opslo , a Town in the Government of Agger . Orbitello , a Town in Tuscany . Orcades or Orkney , some of the British Isles near Scotland Northward . Orelhana or River of the Amazons , in Peru , or between Peru and Brasil . Orenoke or Paria , a River between Castilla del Oro and Guyana . Orkney or Orcades , some of the British Isles near Scotland Northward . Orleanois Government , in France . Orleans , a Town in Beauce . Ormuz , a Town in Persia . Orvieto , a Town in the Territories of Orvieto . Orvieto Territories , in the Dominion of the Pope . Osnaburg , a Town in Westphalia . Ostend , a Town in the County of Flanders . Ostia , a Town in Campania di Roma . Ostro-Gothland , a little Province in North-Gothland . Otranto , a Town in the Territories of Otranto . Otranto Territories , in the Kingdom of Naples . Otzacow , a Town in Bessarabia , near the Mouth of the Nieper . Overissel , one of the Seventeen Provinces ; in Holland . Oviedo , a Town in Asturia . Oustioug , a Town in Muscovy . Oxford , a Town in Oxfordshire . Oxfordshire , in the Kingdom of Mercia . Oyse , a River in France . P PAcifick Sea or South Sea , on the South-West side of America . Paderborn , a Town in Westphalia . Padua , a Town in the Republick of Venice . Palatinate of Bavaria , part of the Great Province of Bavaria , in Germany . Palatinate of the Rhine , a Province in Germnay . Palermo , a Town in Val di Mazara . Palma Nova , a Town in the Republick of Venice . Pampelona , a Town in Navarr . Panama , a Town in Castilla del Oro. Paraguay , a Country in South America . Parana , the name of a River in Paraguay . Paria or Orenoke , a River between Castilla del Oro and Guyana . Parima , the name of a Lake in Guyana . Paris , a Town in the Isle of France . Parma , a Town in the Duchy of Parma . Parma Duchy , a little Province in Lombardy . Pas de Calais , a narrow Passage in the Channel , between Kent and Picardy . Patras , a Town in Morea . Patrimony of St. Peter , a Province in the Dominion of the Pope . Pau , a Town in Bearn . Pavia , a Town in Milanese . Pegu , a Town in the Indian Peninsula beyond Ganges . Pegu , a River in India . Peking a Town in China . Pembroke , a Town in Pembrokeshire . Pembrokshire , in Wales , Perche , a Province in the Government of Orleanois . Perigord , a Province in the Government of Guienn and Gascony . Perigueux , a Town in Perigord . Perpignan , a Town in Roussillon . Persia , a Country in Asia . Perth , a Town in North Scotland . Peru , a Country in South America . Perugia , a Town in the Territories of Perugia . Perugia Territories , in the Dominion of the Pope . Peruviana or South America , all the South part of America , being a large Peninsula . Peterborow , a Town in Northamptonshire . Philippine Islands , in the Indian Ocean . Piacenza , a Town in the Duchy of Parma . Picardy , a Province in France . Piedmont , a Province in Lombardy . Pignerol , a Town in Dauphiny . Piombino , a Town in Tuscany . Pisa , a Town in Tuscany . Pitha , a Town in the Territories of Pitha . Pitha Territories , in Lapland . Ple●cow , a Town in Muscovy . Plimouth , a Town in Devonshire . Po , a River in Italy . Podelassia or Polacha , a Province in Poland . Podolia , a Province in Poland . Poictiers , a Town in Poictou . Poictou a Province in the Government of Orleanois . Polachia or Podelassia , a Province in Poland . Poland , a Province in the Kingdom of Poland . Poland , a Country in Europe ; called in time past , together with Muscovy , Sarmatia . Poland the Lower , the North-West part of the great Province of Poland . Poland the Vpper , the South-East part of the great Province of Poland . Pomerania or Pomeren , a Province in Germany . Porentru , a Town in the Diocess of Basil . Port-Famine or St. Philip , a Town in Magellanica . Porto-Belo , a Town in Castilla del Oro. Porto-Seguro , a Town in Brasil . Portugal , formerly Lusitania , and a Province in the Western part of Spain ; but now a Kingdom of it self . Posega , a Town in Slavonia . Posen or Posnan , a Town in Lower Poland . Potengi , a Town in Brasil . Potosi , a Town in Peru. Prague , a Town in Bohemia . Presburg , a Town in Imperial Hungary . Prevezza , a Town in Canina . Principality the Further , a Province in the Kingdom of Naples . Principality the Nigher , a Province in the Kingdom of Naples . Provence , a Province in France . Provinces Tributary to the Turk , several small Countries between Turky , Poland , and Muscovy . Prussia , a Province in Poland . Prussia Ducal , the North-East part of Prussia . Prussia Roial , the South-West part of Prussia . Puglia or Capitanata , a Province in the Kingdom of Naples . Pyrenies , Mountains separating France from Spain . Q QVancheu , a Town in China . Quebeck , a Town in Canada . Quercy , a Province in the Government of Guienn and Gascony . Queyang , a Town in China . Quiloa , a Town in Zanguebar . R RAab or Javarin , a Town in Imperial Hungary . Radnorshire , in Wales , Ragusa , a Town and Republick in Dalma●a . Raseburg , a Town in Finland . Ratisbon , a Town in the Duchy of Bavaria . Ravenna , a Town in Romagna . Red Sea , between Arabia and Egypt . Reggio , a Town in the Further Calabria . Reggio , a Town in the Duchy of Modena Rendsburg , a Town in Holsten Rennes , a Town in Bretaigne . Retimo , a Town in Candy . Revel , a Town in Li●●●ia . Rheimes , a Town in Champaigne . Rhezan , a Town in Muscovy . Rhine , a River in Germany . Rhodes , a Town in Rouergue . Rhone , a River in France . Riga , a Town in Livonia . River of the Amazons or Orelhana , between Peru and Brasil . River of La Plata , in La Plata . River of Parana , in Paraguay . River of St. Francis , in Brasil . River of St. Laurence , in Canada . Rochester , a Town in the County of Kent . Romagna , a Province the Dominion of the Pope . Romania , in time past Thrace , a Province in Turky in Europe . Rome , a Town in Campania di Roma . Roschild , a Town in Zeeland . Rosetta , a Town in Egypt . Rosinia , a Town in Samogitia . Rotweil , a Town in Brisgow . Rouen , a Town in Normandy . Rouergue , a Province in the Government of Guienn and Gascony . Roussillon , a small Province in the Government of Languedock . Rugen , an Island in the Baltick Sea , near Pomeren . Ruremond , a Town in Gelderland . Russia or Muscovy , part of the ancient Country of Sarmatia ; in Europe . Russia the Black , a Province in Poland . Rutlandshire , in the Kingdom of Mercia . Rye , a Town in the County of Sussex . Rypen , a Town in the Diocess of Rypen . Rypen Diocess , in North-Jutland . S St. Albans , a Town in Hartfordshire . St. Andrews , a Town in South-Scotland . St. Asaph , a Town in Flintshire , St. Davids , a Town in the Isle of France . St. Denis , a Town in Pembrokshire . St. Faith or St. Fe , a Town in New Mexico . St. Fe , a Town in Paraguay . St. Francis , a Town in Peru. St. Francis , the name of a River in Brasil . St. George of the Mine or Mina , a Town in Guinny . St. Helena , an Island in the Southern Ocean . St. Jago , a Town in Chili . St. Jago de Compostella , a Town in Gallicia . St. Jago de Guatimala , a Town in New Spain . St. Jago del Estero , a Town in Tucuman . St. Laurence or Madagascar , an Island in the Southern Ocean . St. Laurence , the name of a River in Canada . St. Miguel , a Town in Tucuman . St. Nicholas , a Town in Muscovy . St. Omars , a Town in Arrois . St. Paolo or Angola , a Town in Congo . St. Philip or Port Famine , a Town in Magellanica . St. Salvador , a Town in Brasil . St. Salvador , a Town in Congo . St. Sebastian , a Town in Biscay . St. Sebastian , a Town in Brasil . St. Thomas , an Island in the Southern Ocean . St. Vincent , a Town in Brasil . Saints , a Town in Saintonge . Saintonge , a Province in the Government of Guienn and Gascony . Sala or Kilan , the name of a great Lake or Sea between Persia and Tartary ; anciently called the Caspian Sea. Salamanca , a Town in the Province of Leon. Salerno , a Town in the Nigher Principality . Salins , a Town in Franche County . Salisbury , a Town in Wiltshire . Salonichi , a Town in Macedon . Saltzburg , a Town in the Duchy of Bavaria . Samarcand , a Town in Ziagathay . Samogitia , a Province in Poland . Sandomir , a Town in Upper Poland . Sta. Fe or St. Faith , a Town in New Mexico . Sta. Fe de Begota , a Town in Castilla del Oro. Sta. Martha , a Town in Castilla del Oro. Santillana , a Town in Asturia . Saragossa , a Town in Aragon . Saragusa , formerly Syracuse , a Town in Val di Noto . Sardinia , an Island in the Mediterranean Sea. Sassari a Town in Sardinia . Savatopoli , a Town in Georgia . Savona , a Town in the Republick of Genoa . Savoy , a little Country between France , Italy , and Swizzerland , but counted part of Lombardy . Saw , a River in Turky in Europe which falls into the Danube . Saxony Electorship , a little Province in Upper Saxony . Saxony the Lower , a Province in Germany . Saxony the Vpper , a Province in Germany . Scagen , a Town in the most Northern part of the Diocess of Alburg . Scanderoon or Alexandretta , a Town in Turky in Asia . Scandinavia , a large Country in the North of Europe , containing the Kingdoms of Swedeland , Denmark , and Norway . Scardona , a Town in Dalmatia . Schafhausen , a Town in the Canton of Schafhausen . Schafhausen Canton , a Province in Swizzerland . Scheld , a River in the Low Countries . Schiras , a Town in Persia . Schonen , a Province in South Gothland . Schwaben or Suevia , a Province in Germany . Scotland , heretofore called Caledonia , a Country in Europe ; being the North part of Great Britain . Scotland , beyond Tay , all Scotland which lies from the Tay Northward . Scotland , on this side Tay , the South part of Scotland , which is included between the River Tay and England . Scutari , a Town in Albania . Sea of Kilan or Sala , a vast Lake between Persia and Tartary ; known heretofore by the name of Caspian Sea. Sebenico , a Town in Dalmatia . Segelmessa , a Town in Bildulgerid . Segorbe , a Town in the Province Valentia Segovia , a Town in Old Castile . Servia , a Province in Turky in Europe , being part of the ancient Country of Moesia . Setines , heretofore called Athens , a Town in Livadia . Seventeen Provinces , Low Countries , or Netherlands in Europe , the Romans comprised them all under the name of Belgia . Severn a River in England . Sevil , a Town in Andaluzia . Seyne , a River in France . Shannon , a River in Ireland . Shetland or Hetland Isles , in the Northern Ocean , not far from Scotland . Shropshire , in the Kingdom of Mercia . Sian , a Town in the Indian Peninsula beyond Ganges . Sicily , an Island in the Mediterranean Sea. Siena , a Town in Tuscany . Sierra Liona , Mountains so called in Guiny . Silesia , a Province in Germany . Silly Islands , or the Sorlings , some of the British Isles between England , France , and Ireland . Sind , heretofore called Indus , a River in India . Sion , a Town in Valais . Slavonia , a Province in Turky in Europe , part of the ancient Illyricum . Sleswick , a Town in the Duchy of Sleswick . Sles-wick Duchy , a little Province in South-Jutland . Sluys , a Town in the County of Flanders . Smirna , a Town in Turky in Asia . Smolensko , a Town in the Dukedom of Smolensko . Smolensko Dukedom , with that of Novogrod-Sevierski , ) in Poland . Soczow , a Town in Moldavia . Soloturn , a Town in the Canton of Soloturn . Soloturn Canton , a Province in Swizzerland . Somersetshire , in the Kingdom of the West Saxons . Sophia , a Town in Bulgaria . Sorling or Silly Islands , some of the British Isles between England , France , and Ireland . Sound , a straight or narrow passage in in the Baltick Sea , between Zeeland and Schonen . Sound Isles or Islands of the Sound , in the Indian Ocean . Southampton , a Town in Hampshire . South America or Peruviana , the greatest half of America , so called from it's situation southward , and from the Province of Peru. South Gothland , a Province in Swedeland . South-Jutland , a Province in Denmark . South sea otherwise Pacifick sea , on the South-west side of America . Southern Ocean or Aethiopian Sea , about the south-west side of Africk . Spain , a Country in Europe , sometimes called by the Romans Iberia , sometimes Hispania , and not seldom Hesperia . Spalato , a Town in Dalmatia . Spanish Netherlands or Flanders , comprehend nine or ten of the most Southern Provinces of the Low Countries . Spire , a Town in the Palatinate of the Rhine . Spiritu Santo , a Town in Brasil . Spiritu Santo , the name of a River running through Monomotopa and Cafreria . Spoleto , a Town in the Duchy of Spoleto . Spoleto Duchy or Vmbria , a little Province in the Dominion of the Pope . Staffordshire , in the Kingdom of Mercia . Stalimene , a Town in the Isle of Stalimene . Stalimene , once Lemnos , an Island in the Mediterranean Sea , towards Romania . Stantz , a Town in the Canton of Underwalden . State of the Church or Dominion of the Pope , a great Province in Italy . Sterling , a Town in South Scotland . Stetin , a Town in Pomeren . Stiria , a Province in the Southern part of Germany . Stives , a Town in Livadia , formerly known by the name of Thebes . Stockholm , a Town in Sweden . Stolp , the name of a company of Hills in Muscovy ; anciently called Riphaeen Mountains . Straights of Anian , between Asia and the Land of Jesso , an unfrequented Country near America Northward . traights of Gibraltar , between Spain and Barbary ; joyning together the Western Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Straights of Magellan , between America and that great Continent called Terra Magellanica . Straights of Negropont or the Euripus , an Arm of the Sea , separating the Isle of Negropont from Livadia . Stralzund , a Town in Pomeren . Strazburg , a Town in Alsace . Strom , a Town in the Isle of Fero. Stutgart , a Town in the Duchy of Wirtenberg . Suaquem , a Town in Abissinia . Suevia or Schwaben , a Province in Germany . Suez or Calzem , a Town in Egypt . Suffolk , a County in the Kingdom of the East Angles . Sundrio , a Town in Valtoline . Surat , a Town in the Indian Continent . Surrey , a County in the Kingdom of Sussex . Sussex , a County in the Kingdom of Sussex . Sussex , one of the Seven Saxon Kingdoms in England . Sweden , a Province in the Kingdom of Sweden or Swedeland . Sweden or Swedeland , a Country in Europe . Swerin , a Town in Mecklenburg . Switz , a Town in the Canton of Switz . Switz Canton , a Province in Swizzerland . Swizzerland , a Country in Europe near France . Swol , a Town in Overissel . T TAdousack , a Town in Canada . Taio or Tagus , a River in Spain . Tamaraca , a Town in Brasil . Tanais or Don , a River in Muscovy , and upon the Frontiers of Little Tartary . Tangier , a Town in Barbary . Tanguth or Campion , a Town in Cathay . Targa or Zaghara , a Town in Zaara . Targorod , a Town in Moldavia . Targowisko , a Town in Walachia . Taragon , formerly Tarraco , a Town in Catalonia . Tartar , a Town in North-Tartary . Tartary of the Cham , otherwise Cathay , part of Great Tartary . Tartary Desert , part of Great Tartary . Tartary the Greater , once called Scythia , all the Northern part of Asia . Tartary the Less , on the South side of Muscovy , a Country tributary to the Turk ; it was called anciently Scythia Taurica . Tavila , a Town in Algarves . Taurus , the name of several Mountains in Asia , more especially some Mountains in the Western part of Turky in Asia : but Ceraunius was the most ancient name . Tay , a River in Scotland . Teflis , a Town in Georgia . Teissa or Tyssa , a River in Turky in Europe , discharging it self into the Danube . Terceran Islands or Azores , in the Western Ocean . Terra Arctica , a great unin habited Country towards the North Pole. Terra di Lavoro , a Province in the Kingdom of Naples . Terra Incognita or Magellanica , a vast Country toward the South Pole. Terra Sabina , a Province in the Dominion of the Pope . Tesset , a Town in Bildulgerid . Thames , a River in England . Thebet , a Town in a Country of the same name . Thebet or Turquestan , part of Great Tartary . Thionville , a Town in the Duchy of Luxemburg . Tiber , a River in Italy . Tigris , a River in Turky in Asia . Tirole , a Province in Germany . Toledo , a Town in New Castile . Tombote , a Town in Nigritia . Tonningen , a Town in the Duchy of Sleswick , Tornia , a Town in the Territories of Tornia . Tornia , a River in Swedeland . Tornia Territories , in Lapland . Toro , a Town in the Province of Leon. Tortosa , a Town in Catalonia . Toulon , a Town in Provence . Toulouse , a Town in Languedock . Touraine , a Province in the Government of Orleanois . Tours , a Town in Touraine . Transilvania , a Province in Europe tributary to the Turk ; being part of the ancient Country of Dacia . Trent , a Town and Bishoprick within the Confines of Italy , but depending on the County of Tirole . Trent , a River in England . Treves , a Town in the Diocess of Treves . Treves or Triers Diocess , in the Western part of Germany . Triest , a Town in Carniola . Trino , a Town in Monferrat . Tripoli , a Town in Barbary . Troyes , a Town in Champaigne . Truxillo , a Town in New Spain . Tubingen , a Town in the Duchy of Wirtenberg . Tucuman , a Country in South America . Tunis , a Town in Barbary . Turin , a Town in Piedmont . Turingia , a small Province in Upper Saxony . Turky , a Large Empire in our Continent , divided into Turky in Europe , and Turky in Asia . Turky the Lower , the South part of Turky in Europe , comprehending the two ancient Countries of Greece and Thrace . Turky the Vpper , the North part of Turky in Europe , wherein were included formerly Pannonia , Illyricum , Moesia , &c. Turquestan or Thebet , part of Great Tartary . Tuscany or Duchy of Florence , heretofore known by the name of Hetruria , a Province in Italy . Tyssa or Tessa , a River in Turky in Europe , which runs into the Danube . U VAl di Demona , a Province in Sicily . Val di Mazara , a Province in Sicily . Val di Noto , a Province in Sicily . Valais , a Province in Swizzerland . Valence , a Town in Dauphiny . Valenciennes , a Town in Haynault . Valentia , a Town in the Province of Valentia . Valentia , a Province in Spain . Valladolid , a Town in New Spain . Valladolid a Town in Old Castile . Valona , a Town in Albania . Valtoline , a Province in Swizzerland . Venice , a Town in the Republick of Venice . Venice Republick , a Province in Lombardy . Vercelli , a Town in Piedmont . Verdan , a Town in Lorain . Vienn , a Town in Dauphiny . Vienna , a Town in Austria . Virginia , a Province in New England . Viterbo , a Town in the Patrimony of St. Peter , Viviers , a Town in Cevennes . Vkrania , a Province in Poland . Vlm , a Town in Schwaben . Vlster , a Province in Ireland . Vma , a Town in the Territories of Uma . Vma Territories , in Lapland . Vmbria or Duchy of Spoleto , in the Dominion of the Pope . Vnderwalden , a Province or Canton of Swizzerland . Vnited Netherlands or Provinces , otherwise Holland ; seven or eight Provinces in the North of the Low Countries . Volhinia , a Province in Poland . Vpsal , a Town in the Sweden . Vrbino , a Town in Duchy of Urbino . Vrbino Duchy , in the Dominion of the Pope . Vri , a Canton or Province in Swizzerland . Vsbeck , otherwise called Ziagathay or Mauaralnahara , part of Great Tartary . Vtrecht , a Town in the Seigniory of Utrecht . Vtrecht Seigniory , one of the Seventeen Provinces ; in Holland . W WAlachia , part of the ancient Dacia , a Province in Europe tributary to the Turk . Wales , a Country in the West of England . Wardhus , a Town in the Government of Wardhus . Wardhus Government , in Norway . Warsaw , a Town in Mazovia . Warwickshire , in the Kingdom of Mercia . Waterford , a Town in Munster . Wells , a Town in Somersetshire . Weser , a River in Germany . Wessex or Kingdom of the West Saxons , one of the Seven Saxon Kingdoms , in England . West-Friseland , one of the Seventeen Provinces ; in Holland . West Indies , by this name is most properly meant the Antego Islands , and some others upon the Coast of America ; but sometimes all America is so called . Westmorland , a County in the Kingdom of Northumberland . Westphalia , a Province in Germany . Wester 〈…〉 lantick Sea , on the West side 〈…〉 rope and Africk . Westro-Gothland , a small Province in North-Gothland . Weteravia or Weteraw , a little Province in the Western part of Germany , comprehended under that of Hessen . Wexford , a Town in Lemster . Weyssel or Wistule , a River in Poland . Weyssenburg , a Town in Transilvania . White Sea or Archipelago , on the East side of Greece . Wiburg , a Town in Finland . Wiburg , a Town in the Diocess of Wiburg . Wiburg Diocess , in North-Jutland . Wight , one of the British Isles , near the South Coast of England . Wihitz , a Town in Croatia . Wilna , a Town in Lithuania . Wiltshire , in the Kingdom of the West Saxons . Winchester , a Town in Hampshire . Windisch Marck or the Marquisate of Windes , a small Province in the Southern part of Germany , joyning to Carniola . Windsor , a Town in Barkshire . Wirtenberg , a Town in the Duchy of Wirtenberg . Wirtenberg Duchy , in the Southern part of Germany . Wirtzburg , a Town 〈…〉 Wismar , a Town in M 〈…〉 urg . Wistule or Weyssel , a River in Poland . Witepscki , a Town in Lithuania . Wittenberg , a Town in the Electorship of Saxony . Wolfenbuttel , a Town in the Duchy of Brunswick . Wolga , a River in Muscovy . Wolodimer , a Town in Muscovy . Wologda , a Town in Muscovy . Worcester , a Town in Worcestershire . Worcestershire , in the Kingdom of Mercia , Worms , a Town in the Palatinate of the Rhine . Worotin , a Town in Muscovy . X XAmo or Camul , a Town in Cathay . Y YArmouth , a Town in Norfolk . York , a Town in Yorkshire . Yorkshire , in the Kingdom of Northumberland . Z ZAara , a Country in Africk . Zaghara , or Targa , a Town in Zaara . Zair , a River in Congo . Zambera , a River running through Monomotopa and Cafreria . Zamoski , a Town in Russia the Black. Zanguebar , a Country in Africk . Zanhaga , a Town in Zaara . Zant , an Island in the Mediterranean Sea , near Morea Westward . Zara , a Town in Dalmatia . Zeeland , formerly Codanonia , an Island in the Baltick Sea. Zeland , one of the Seventeen Provinces ; in Holand . Zell , a Town in the Duchy of Lunenburg . Ziagathay , otherwise Vsbeck or Mavaralnahara , part of Great Tartary . Zibit , a Town in Arabia . Ziden , a Town in Arabia . Zimbaoe or Massapa , a Town in Monomotopa . Zittaw , a Town in Lusatia . Zofala , a Town in Cafreria . Zuenziga , a Town in Zaara . Zug , a Town in the Canton of Zug . Zug Canton , in Swizzerland . Zurick , a Town in the Canton of Zurick . Zurick Canton , in Swizzerland . Zutphen , a Town in the County of Zutphen . Zutphen County , one of the of the Seventeen Provinces ; in Holland . FINIS .