Fata mihi totum mea sunt agitanda per orbem Digges, Dudley, Sir, 1583-1639. 1611 Approx. 27 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 15 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2003-07 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A20443 STC 6846 ESTC S105356 99841085 99841085 5644 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A20443) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 5644) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1349:14) Fata mihi totum mea sunt agitanda per orbem Digges, Dudley, Sir, 1583-1639. [2], 26 p. By W. W[hite] for Iohn Barnes, Imprinted at London : 1611. By Sir Dudley Digges. Printer's name from STC. Running title reads: Of the circumference of the earth. Reproduction of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). 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Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Geography -- Early works to 1800. Northwest Passage -- Early works to 1800. Northeast Passage -- Early works to 1800. Earth -- Early works to 1800. 2003-02 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2003-03 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2003-05 Emma (Leeson) Huber Sampled and proofread 2003-05 Emma (Leeson) Huber Text and markup reviewed and edited 2003-06 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion FATA MIHI TOTVM MEA sunt agitanda per Orbem . Imprinted at London by W. W. for Iohn Barnes . 1611. THough our particular opinion of the pro●…abilitie , that after the vn-blest indeauours of so manie of our Countrimen , sought for the North-west passage , were reason good enough for our Aduentures , to merite ( at the worst ) by making knowne th'impossibilitie , the thankes of future Ages : Yet now , when persons of more e●…inence are interested in the prosecutio●… of that Action ; least after good successe , as in like cases , the enuy of the world , commend the Fortune rather then the Iudgement of the Vndertakers : we are aduised to shew some such as you , a litle of our Reason ; by the sufficience whereof , you ( as we wis●… ) will iudge vs , and our Enterprize , though an vnlook'd for ill e●…ent , should surnish other men with stronger Arguments then yet they haue against vs. For yet ( setting aside some one ▪ It may be , and that fortified especially with this ) the maine Obiection is ▪ that all our moderne Globes and Mappes doe either shew no pa●…sage ▪ or else fo high into the North , and long into the West , that Cold and Ice , and Fogges , and so foorth , will make it of no vse . To which wee iustly might reply ; that it hath euer been , the Custome of Describers of the Wo●…ld in remote partes , to set downe Land or Sea out of their owne imagination , with Gian●…s , Pigmies , Monsters , and miraculous reportes of fabulous Authors . O●… if wee list , to let them see how poore it is to trust in Pictures : could tell them of those Globes that make America and Asia all one Continent , euen vnder the Tropicke : Or of those Maps that seuer them by a small Fretum onely ; that since is found to be a vaste and spatious Sea : Or of those that ioyne America and Grond-land , betweene which Dau●…s , and other of our Countrimen , discouered a large Passage : Or of those that force the Backe of Brasill by the Streightes of Mag●…llan , to trend so strangely Westward , when M. Cauendish found that Coast to turne immediatly vp to the North , inclining to the East : Or of other as grosse errours , which later Voyages haue mended . By which , those men might be perswaded from ours , because it is a new Discouerie to rectifie their Cardes , that make no mention of our Streightes found in ( ) a Latitude free from feare of danger , cutting through the body of America 200. or 300. Leagues , vnto an open Sea , that shewed a great and hollow Billow , and brought a Flood that rose 5. Faddome . The rather , for that it agreeth iustly with the Portingal Card , taken in the late Queenes time out of a Carricke And with the intelligence which Sir Mar●…in Furbisher had long since from a Portingal in Gwinie , that sayd , hee had past it : And with the generall confession of Pilots now at L●…shbon , yeelding to the newes : And with vnpartiall Stories , telling that the Admirall of D. Garcia G●…offroy Loaysa of u●…-Real , in the time of Cha●…les the fifth , by the Coast of Bacalaos and 〈◊〉 , went to the Moluccaes . But because some ( that hold the place , at least of ) good Sea-men , and Maisters in the studie of Cosmographie , deliuer their opinion without reasons , that there yet remaine , on the North of America , many hundred leagues for vs to passe : We hold it not amis to shew you why ( besides our late experience ) we thinke not so , in this succeeding short discourse . OF THE CIRCVMFERENCE of the Earth . VNlearned men are now at length assured by the renowned Voyages of Sir Francis Drake and M. Cauendish , and other worthy Persons , that in the last age compassed the World : As aunciently Mathematicians were by the roundnesse of the shadow in the Eclipse of the Moone . That the forme or figure which God gaue vnto the Sea and Earth , when his Wisedome set the Waters and dry Land apart , was Gloabe-like or Sp●…aricall . Wherein it is agreed there are two Poynts , correspondent to the North and South Poles of the Heauens , of ea●…ie Creation in a Solide of that Nature , from which Centers by describing seuerall Circles , we deriue our Paralells , whereof the largest in extent , must of necessitie fall iust in the mid'st ; the rest infallibly growing lesser and lesser , as they draw neerer and neerer to those Poles . Whereas our Meridians being Circles that doe euer meete in both those poyntes of North and South , and so deuide the Orbe into iust 〈◊〉 , though they be not aequidistant , yet are euer of one equall Circuite to the greatest Paralell , which we call the Aequinoctiall . In which Line , all men obseruing that the S●…nne in foure and twentie howers was carried round ; and the most Learned , that one houre tooke vp 300. Leagues , or 900. Miles . It was concluded , that the Sunnes whole course was 24. times so much : so that the common best opinion of the greatest Compasse of the World , became 7200. L or 21600. M. According to which Computation , Sea-men and Trauelers that goe directly North or South , doe find their Eleuation to alter one Degree of the 360. for 20. L. of way , and ha●…ing sure meanes to tell how many Degrees or Partes of their M●…ridian they are gone N. or S. They can proportion well inough their Distaunce in Latitude , to be so many L. or Miles . But in their course of Longitude , ( which is from East to West ) for want of Fixed helpes , they are constrayned to turne backward , and by reckoning their L. or M. of way , to make accompt of so many parts or Degrees of their Paralell : But hauing not had due consideration of the aboue saide lessening of Parale●…s , to distribute consequently fewer Miles or Leagues to eac●… Degree , besides the too vncertaine ground ; it hath fallen out that Lands sette foorth in Gloabes or Mappes , from such erroneous Cardes or Computations , as touching Longitude or Distance East and West , are most extreamely false , especially in new discouered Northerne & Southerne Countries . For which cause ( setting by the authority of Handy-workes ) the 〈◊〉 C●…erence of the Earth is to be lookt for in the Histories of such as traueld to describe the Worlde : Among the which in auncient time , the men that layde the firmest and most Artificiall grounds , and neerest to the best of Modern●… , were 〈◊〉 Alexandrinus : And he whom 〈◊〉 confutes Marinus Tyrius , the one of them by a Heauenly way of Eclips●…s , most exact ( if well obserued ) thus argued . Such an Eclipse happen'd at M. Hora 8. and at N. at 9. therefore M. and N. differ in Longitude one hower , that is , the 24. part of the Aequinoctiall , that is , 15. Degrees , contayning euery one some 60. Miles . But on th●… contrary , Marinus Tyrius proceeded thus : Such a man went from M. to N. Versus occasum , or from N. to M. Versus exortum 7500. Stadi●… , whereof 500. are about 60. Miles , or one Degree of the Aequinoctiall ; from which experience he concluded , therefore M. and N. did differ 15. Degrees , that is one Hower in Longitude . Which course how euer M●…chanicall as wee say ; and seldome or neuer exact : Yet on firme Land , by small helpes giuen to a Man of ordinary vnderstanding , may easily be freed from a grosse errour : Whereas wee must confesse Ptolomey his learned Method is of such difficile obseruing , that errour soone creepes in , and euery small one breeds a great mistaking . And therefore seing ( eyther way ) Geographye depends on the reports of Trauellours ( which Ptolomey cal's Historiam Peregrinationis ) and Trauellours be seldome Math●…maticians , but Merchants , Saylours , Souldiers , men that may vse common Rules and Instruments , not subtilties of nice and curious practise . There are that doe professe , they hold P●…olomey his way much fitter , from the relations of Learned men , & Countries where good Artes are flourishing , to rectifie precedent obseruations , then to delineate or set downe by heare-say , the distances from East to West , of farre remote newly discouered Countries . Nay , that confesse ( vnder correction of the Learned World tha●… hath receiued it ) they are not yet so fully well perswaded of 〈◊〉 his bounding the olde World of Europe , Africa , and Asia , betweene a Meridian of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and 12. howers or 180. Degrees , but rather doe approoue Marinus Tyrius his extending Asia into the East , as farre as 15. Howers , and that for these reasons . If those men conceiue a right , that gesse that 〈◊〉 for his aboade in 〈◊〉 , did Stile himselfe Alexandrinus , in emulation of Mari●… , called Tyri●… , from the Towne of Tyr●… . It cannot be denied but the Merchants of that Port were fellowes vnto Princes , and had in those dayes greater Trade then any ; so that Marinus liuing there , was like to haue much better information then an other in an other corner ; especially being more auncient , and neerer to the Ass●…ian and Persian Monarchies , to the Iourneys of Alexander , Hercu●… , and Bacchus , and the businesse then most into the East . Hee could not but haue better helpes then Ptolomey , that liued when all went Westward . The Merchauntes then traueling ouer firme Land , through plaine and open Countries by directions of the Heauens , wherein the men of those Times and Territories were best read ; they were the better able to make perfect Iournals of their way , and consequently Marinus truer Computation of the Longitude of Plac●…s . Since 〈◊〉 himselfe confesseth , that the Landes from the F●…tunate Islands , to the passage of the Riuer Euphra●…es through H●…apolis , were rightly laide by Tyri●…s , being gathered from Mens voyages West-ward ouer Seas , and through the Wooddie , Mountanous , baren & then Barbarous partes of Europ●… : why should we not thinke his informatiō was as good , and more frequent from the Easterne richest Countries of the world ; and so beleeue as well of his accompt Ad Turr●● Lapideam , and thence Ad Sinar●…m Metropolim ? Nothing doubting what euer Ptolomey coniecture , his care to examine mens Relations , ere hee gaue them ●…redite , since though his worke vnhappily appeare not ; yet out of his Confuters mouth , wee heare hee did reiect Phil●…rs forged tale of 〈◊〉 greatnesse . How confidently soeuer Ptolomey , with stronger Arguments then those against his Longitude , condemne Marinus Tyrius for forcing Africa , as touching Latitude to reach beyond the Tropick●… of Capricorne ▪ whereas he will allow it to extende to not full 17. partes : Yet now infallible experience hath taught vs , that Marinus in that then most difficult poynt , was much the better informed , a fayre occasion to doubt P●…olomey , and trust him in the other . 5 ly . That Ptolomey was strangely abused in his vnderstanding of those partes , appeareth plainely , by his making Asia to turne downe to the South , and winding round to ioyne with Africa , conceiuing our great Sea of Zur , for that he heard but of a peece to be a Bay or Sinus , which indeed he tearmed Magnus ; but reported to be lesse then either 〈◊〉 or Persicus . Last of all , seeing that although 〈◊〉 Mela , & other of the Ancient , besides the late discouered Trueth it selfe , make A●…ia to reach vnto the Sea ; yet Pt●…mey doth bound it East-ward Terra incognita : Why might not Marinus proportion more Degrees or Howers , were it but for that Land vnknowne ▪ sure we are , P●…olomey his fardest Meridia●… doth leaue a great part of China East , his Sinus Magnus being but a peece of our South Sea , betweene Malacca and the Moluccaes , and his Aurea Chersonesus , in truth no other then the Moderne Sumatra , though by some Learned men mistaken for his Taprobane : and thus vnhappily wee fall vpon another Paradoxe ; yet for the Trueths sake , can not but deliuer our opinion , that , that which hee cald Taproban●… , was our now Ce●…lam . Not because Barrius , or Corsalus , or Varrerius , or at last Or●…elius conceiued so ; nor yet for the plentie of Elephants , and other Riches which Ptolomey gaue to his Tapro●…ane , and are in truth in our C●…lam : Nor for the nee●…nesse of the sound or name of the auncient Inhabitantes of Taprobane , cald by him Salaj , and his opposite Promontory in Jndia tearmd C●…ry , to our Ceilam , and the neighbour C. 〈◊〉 : but for these , as we thinke vnanswerable reaso●…s . The Latitude ( wherein as 〈◊〉 and other , rightly iudge 〈◊〉 err'd least ) of our C●…ilam being about 10. degrees Northerly , agreeth much better with Ptolomey his Tapro●…ane , then Sumatra , that like his Aurea Chersonesus , lyeth vnder the Line . 2 ly . The Sholes & drownd Lands about our Ceilam shew that perhaps it hath been greater , if any should too strictly vrge Plinie his Magnitude of Ta●…robane , which Ptolomey placeth but a few degrees East-ward from his Riuer Indus , ouer against that part of Jndia where the Bracmanoj Magoj liu'd : and so is our Ce●…lam now situate , from that Riuer , and opposite to the Jndians ; whose Priestes are called Bachmenes . 3 ly . Before his Taprobane , Ptolom●… placeth . 1300. little Islands an vnusuall Seamarke , no where in the world but before our Ceil●…m , to wit the Isles of Mald●…uar . 4 ly . Ptolomey his Tabrobane lay betweene the Mouths of the Riuers Jndus , and Ganges , almost indifferently , as our C●…lam now doeth , whereas Su●…atra not onely is beyond the Riuer Ganges , but our Go●…pho de Bengala , his Sinus 〈◊〉 . I but the Learned Merca●…or was of other minde , whose sentence Maginus & other Geographers approoue : Hee take●… Su●…tra to be Taprobane , and our Iapan for Au●…ea Chersonesus , &c. The trueth is , in his Vniuersall Mappe , a●… in the quarter Cardes which Ho●…dius drew from thence , the labour is so great to fitte the new discouered Countries in those Seas , to P●…olomeys olde names : That he that will but reade Iudiciously Ptolomey himselfe , be it of Merc●…tors owne edition , shall soone perceiue the errors which wee wish that learned Man had not committed : For , for a taste , what can be weaker , then to deny Sumatra to be Chersonesus , because it is not a Peninsal●… , although the broken Groundes about it , and the neere●…esse to the Maine witnesse perhaps it was : And although the Latitude and other circumst●…nces accord ; when the same hand doth make J●…pan that hath no colour , no resemblance of an Jstmos , lying farre ●…rom the Continent , in 36. Degrees , of N. Eleuation to bee Ptolomey his C●…rise o●… Cherso●…sus that wa●… vnder the Aequinoctiall . I but according to Ptolomey Cherso●…sus , must lie beyond the Riuer Ganges , as Taproban●… on this side : and therefore Mercator finding the Riuer Cantam to be Ganges , had reason to reconcile P●…olomey vnto himselfe , &c. Surely Mercator had small reason , b●…sides will , so worse and worse to lime himselfe : The particular Narrations of Soli●…s , and other describers of those partes , from the Persi●…us sinus and Island of the Sunne to Carmani●… , so to Jndus , then Jn●…ia intra Gangem , then 〈◊〉 extra Gang●…m , and so ad Ser●…s , as well as 〈◊〉 his enumeration of the Riuers , Mountaines , Townes , and Head-landes , with their distances , shew plainely , that his Riuer Ganges was nothing neere so farre from Indus : and if that mightie Continent betweene In●…s and Can●… were but India intra Gangem , China it selfe must then be India extra Gang●…m ; and so vnlesse the Sea haue eate it vp , wee cannot guesse what is become of Sin●…rum Regio , that P●…olomey so often mentions to lye Eastward from India extra Gange●… . And surely if the Riuer of Bengala ( which Linschot sayes the Indians doe call Gueng●… ) be not Ga●…ges , falli●…g out into a Sea so well knowne , and being of that breadth & deapth and length that the Indians superstitiously conceiue it comes from Par●…dise , it had ill lucke to scape the mention of our M. Ptolomey . In a word , the seuerall Mouths of Ptolo●…y his G●…nges , especially the most distant , lay in the same Latitude , which is impossible for Cantam falling Eastward , and not full South into the Sea. Neither hath Ca●…am a Bay like Golpho de B●…ngala to answere Sinus Gangeticus ; neither can there be , if Cantam were G●…ges , beyond it Eastward any trending of Land ( as Ptolomey writes ) so farre to the South , that there were Aethiopes : Neither is there beyond Cantam any Towne within the Tropicke , whereas Ptolomey in his 8. Booke of Caelestiall Obseruations , or Rectifications , reckons all the Cities of India extra Gang●…m , and some of Sinarum Regio too , to haue Sole●… in vertice bis in anno : All which , doe well agree with our opinion . But why doe wee pursue Mercator any further , whose first mistaking , notwithstanding all his witte and labour , brought him at last to place Cattigara si●… arum statio , in 60. degrees of Northerly Latitude , which Ptolomey expressly layes beyond the Aequinoctiall . The clearer trueth is , that the Riuer Indus , of Ptolomey , by the vniuersall consent , falles into the Ocean neere Camb●… , from whence proceeding Eastward , you come to his Promontory Cory our Cape Comorj , ouer against which lay his Taprobane our Ce●…lam , from thence to his Sinus Gangeticus our Golpho de Bengala ▪ so to his Riuer Ganges the Indian Guenga ▪ then to our 〈◊〉 his Chrise or Chersonesu●… , and last of all to his Sinus Magnus , a peece of our South Sea betweene Peg●… or Si●…m & the Islands of Spices , into some Port whereof , the comming of some Sinae to trade , occasioned his conceit of Ca●…gara Sinarum St●…o : All which against Mag●…nus , and such as so easily swallow Mercators Coniectures , may be much better iustified then their Positions . Now then , by this that hath been sayd , it may appeare , that P●…lomeys Hem●…sphere reacht litle beyonde Sumatra and Siam ; so that not onely China , which by them that know it best , is ●…ayd to trend from 2●… . Degrees of Nor : Latitude 700. Leagues North-east ward , but a good part of Cauchin-China too , remaynes for P●…olomey his Terra incognita , to make vp the 3. Howers , or 45. Degrees more of Marinus Ty●…ius : vpon whose Computation , Columbus especially did found his so happy and renownedent erprize . I , but how commeth it to passe , that all our moderne Maps contract euen Ptolomeys Hem●…sphere , and make Sum●…tra to extend to litle aboue 150. Degrees ? Why surely by the generall mistaking of his Ta●…robane ; and in particular , by a tricke of the Portinga●…es , the first and chiefe frequenters of those partes , they hauing by the Popes authoritie , fixt a Merd●…an at the Islands of Cape V●…rde , from which Westward the Castilia●…s should haue all to 180. Degrees as themselues , the other Moytie Fastward : It fell out that the riches o●… the 〈◊〉 cald the Islands of Spices , set them both at oddes , and the 〈◊〉 finding a short and easie passage from America thither , not onely chalenged those Islandes , but some part of India too , to ●…al within their limits : for preuention whereof , to bring the 〈◊〉 within their Hem●…sphere , the Portin●…ales in probabilitie shortned their Cardes : For at the meeting at Ba●…os and Yelbes , betweene them , there was lost a 7. th parth of the world , and the 〈◊〉 were they that shun'd the triall : But the Emperours occasions compelling him to yeeld to them , that else , ( as the r●…cordes declare ) had litle right : the World hath since receiu'd the d●…lineation of those partes from P●…rtingal accompt . But there is reason to imagine , that ere long , our skilfull frequenters of the East Ind●…es , by obseruation of some on●… Eclipse , will teach the truth ; meane time , let vs ageee with the Spaniards the Maisters of those partes , and the Computation of our Maisters the old Geographers . If therefore from the Meridian of the Fortunate Islands , in the Paralell of 37. ( which is chosen as most eminent and fit to reckon on ) wee may accompt to the farthest partes of C●…ina , ouer against 〈◊〉 , lying in the same height 225. Degrees , or 15. howers , according to the Additions vnto Gemma Frisius Tables : there then remayne but 9. howers , or 135. Degrees , to make vp ●…he Complement ; which being ouer Seas , wee know both difficult and vncertaine : But the best experience , from the coast of China to the most Easterne part of 〈◊〉 , sets downe 200. L. From thence to the Backe of America in 37½ . where Sir 〈◊〉 Drake his Noua Albion should bee ; you haue , by the estimate of Fran : 〈◊〉 900. more : in all 1100. L. whereof by the Dutch Computation 12 : by the Spanish 14 : by the Engl●…sh 16 : in that Paralell make one Degree , which last as surest , though worst for vs , we follow , and do find from China vnto Noua 〈◊〉 69. Degrees . Now from the Meridian of the 〈◊〉 Westward to 〈◊〉 , or to keepe our Paralell to Uirginia by seuerall Eclipses , obserued by seuerall men , there hath been found a difference of neare 60. Degrees or 4. Howers : so that the Remainder of the 135. is about 6 Degrees , or 300. English Miles betweene Virginia and Noua Albion . For Co●…firmation whereof , let vs remember that the India●…s in 〈◊〉 continually assure our people , that 12. daies iournie westward from the Fa●…s , they haue a Sea , where they haue some-times seene such Shippes as ours . Let vs remember how Uasques de Coronado , sent to discouer the North of Ameri●…a by the Viceroy ; A●…onio d●… M●…ndoza , labouring in his letters to perswade the Emperour what a large and ample Continent there was to inhabite , writeth , that at C●…bola , hee was 150. L. from the South Sea , and a litle more from the North. Let vs remember how plainely Sir Francis Drake his Iornal , prooues that his N●…a A●…bion can be very litle further Westward then 〈◊〉 ; whereby see but how great a part of the Backe of America , is cleane wyp't away ? But if any yet doe doubt , let him looke into the Spanish Voyages , or Coll●…cttions of Antonio de Herrera the Coronist●… 〈◊〉 for the King , and Contraction house , in whose description of those partes the particular distances & bounds of Guadalaiara , Zacat●…cas , Nueu●… , Viscania , Cinaloa , Cibola , and the rest , from Compostela , Purification , S. Sebastian , on the South Sea , as from Mexico , and from 〈◊〉 on the North , too long to sette downe here doe plainely shew , that Continent is nothing broad , how euer it be painted . Now if any iudge wee haue not altogeather prooued Asia to extende as farre as 15. Howers , let him consider for a supplement , of what may want thereof , that the Spaniards reckon 20. Degrees more then we haue done heere , to the West-Indies ; and on the other side , from Noua Spagna , to the Philippinas 1700. L. as our Sir Francis Drake and Maister Cauendish doe aboue 2000. farre beyond ours of Francis Gu●…lle . If therefore our Streights had been discouered about Virginia , to runne Westward , 200. or 300. L. vnto a flowing Sea , wee thinke it might haue probably been iudged the Mar del zur : But lying in a Paralell more Northerly , ( whereby those Leagues will take vp more Degrees ) the Northerne backe of America , by the Card of Antonio de 〈◊〉 ; by the Voyage of Juan de Fuca , a Pilot that liu'd ●…ourtie yeeres in those Countries ; and by the relation of some Dutehm●…n ; besides the Mappe of Gemma Frisius , appearing to trend North Eastward . And for any thing wee yet can heare , no one Voyage to the contrary , wee see not but we may conclude , that the Fludde our People mette , came from the Southerne Sea , and till we heare more Authenticall reasons then of feare , gronnded on false Cardes ; bele●…ue that our Industry , by Gods grace , may this next Voyage manifest the Prophesie of Ba●…ista Ra●…usius , touching the Northwest Passage . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A20443-e370 First . 2. ly . 3. ly . Fourthly . First .