The French gardiner instructing how to cultivate all sorts of fruit-trees and herbs for the garden : together with directions to dry and conserve them in their natural / first written by R.D.C.D.W.B.D.N. ; and now transplanted into English by Phiocepos.
         Jardinier françois. English. 1658
         Bonnefons, Nicolas de.
      
       
         
           1658
        
      
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             The French gardiner instructing how to cultivate all sorts of fruit-trees and herbs for the garden : together with directions to dry and conserve them in their natural / first written by R.D.C.D.W.B.D.N. ; and now transplanted into English by Phiocepos.
             Jardinier françois. English. 1658
             Bonnefons, Nicolas de.
             Evelyn, John, 1655-1699.
             Phiocepos.
          
           [8], 294, [11] p., [4] leaves of plates : ill.
           
             Printed by J.C. for John Crooke,
             London :
             1658.
          
           
             "Three times printed in France and once in Holland."
             Epistle dedicatory signed: J.E.
             Reproduction of original in the Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Fruit-culture -- France.
           Gardening -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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             A
             Hertochs
             fecit
          
        
         
         
           The
           French
           GARDINER
           :
           INSTRUCTING
           How
           to
           Cultivate
           all
           sorts
           of
           FRUIT-TREES
           ,
           AND
           HERBS
           for
           the
           GARDEN
           :
           TOGETHER
           With
           directions
           to
           dry
           and
           conserve
           them
           in
           their
           Natural
           ;
           Three
           times
           printed
           in
           France
           ,
           and
           once
           in
           Holland
           .
        
         
           An
           accomplished
           Piece
           ,
           First
           written
           by
           R.
           D.
           C.
           D.
           W.
           B.
           D.
           N.
           And
           now
           Transplanted
           into
           English
           by
           PHILOCEPOS
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             I.
             C.
          
           for
           
             Iohn
             Crooke
          
           at
           the
           Ship
           in
           St.
           Pauls
           Church-yard
           .
           1658.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           My
           most
           Honour'd
           and
           Worthy
           Friend
           THOMAS
           HENSHAW
           ,
           Esquire
           .
        
         
           
             Sir
             ,
          
        
         
           I
           Have
           at
           length
           obey'd
           your
           Commands
           ,
           only
           I
           wish
           the
           Instance
           had
           bin
           more
           considerable
           :
           though
           I
           cannot
           but
           much
           approve
           of
           the
           designe
           and
           of
           your
           election
           in
           this
           particular
           work
           ,
           which
           is
           certainly
           the
           best
           that
           is
           exstant
           upon
           this
           Subject
           ,
           notwithstanding
           the
           plenty
           
           which
           these
           late
           years
           have
           furnish'd
           us
           withal
           .
           I
           shall
           forbear
           to
           publish
           the
           accident
           which
           made
           you
           engage
           me
           upon
           this
           Traduction
           ;
           because
           I
           have
           long
           since
           had
           inclinations
           ,
           and
           a
           design
           of
           communicating
           some
           other
           things
           of
           this
           nature
           from
           my
           own
           experience
           :
           and
           especially
           ,
           concerning
           the
           Ornaments
           of
           Gardens
           ,
           &c.
           
           Because
           ,
           what
           respects
           the
           Soyle
           ,
           the
           Situation
           and
           the
           planting
           is
           here
           performed
           to
           my
           hand
           with
           so
           mu●h
           ingenuity
           ,
           as
           that
           I
           conceive
           there
           can
           very
           little
           be
           added
           ,
           to
           render
           it
           a
           piece
           absolute
           and
           without
           reproach
           .
           In
           order
           to
           this
           ,
           my
           purpose
           was
           
           to
           introduce
           the
           least
           known
           (
           though
           not
           the
           least
           delicious
           )
           appendices
           to
           Gardens
           ;
           and
           such
           as
           are
           not
           the
           Names
           only
           ,
           but
           the
           
             Descriptions
             ,
             Plots
             ,
             Materials
          
           ,
           and
           wayes
           of
           contriving
           the
           Ground
           for
           
             Parterrs
             ,
             Grotts
             ,
             Fountains
          
           ;
           the
           propor●ions
           of
           
             Walks
             ,
             Perspectives
             ,
             Rocks
             ,
             Aviaries
             ,
             Vivaries
             ,
             Apiaries
             ,
             Pots
             ,
             Conservatories
             ,
             Piscina's
             ,
             Groves
             ,
             Crypta's
             ,
             Cabinets
             ,
             Eccho's
             ,
             Statues
             ,
          
           and
           other
           ornaments
           of
           a
           Vigna
           ,
           &c.
           without
           which
           the
           best
           Garden
           is
           without
           life
           ,
           and
           very
           defective
           .
           Together
           with
           a
           Treatise
           of
           Flowers
           ,
           and
           Ever-greens
           ;
           especially
           the
           Palisades
           and
           Contr-Espaliers
           of
           Alaternus
           ,
           which
           most
           incomparable
           
           Verdure
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           right
           culture
           of
           it
           ,
           for
           beauty
           and
           fence
           ,
           I
           might
           glory
           to
           have
           been
           the
           first
           propagator
           in
           England
           .
           This
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           I
           intended
           to
           have
           published
           for
           the
           benefit
           or
           divertisement
           of
           our
           Country
           ,
           had
           not
           some
           other
           things
           unexpectedly
           intervened
           ,
           which
           as
           yet
           hinder
           the
           birth
           and
           maturity
           of
           that
           Embryo
           .
        
         
           Be
           pleased
           ,
           Sir
           ,
           to
           accept
           the
           productions
           of
           your
           own
           Commands
           ;
           as
           a
           Lover
           of
           Gardens
           you
           did
           promote
           it
           ,
           as
           a
           Lover
           of
           you
           I
           have
           translated
           it
           .
           And
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           that
           the
           
             Great
             ones
          
           are
           busied
           about
           Governing
           the
           World
           (
           which
           is
           but
           a
           Wildernesse
           )
           
           let
           us
           call
           to
           minde
           the
           Rescript
           of
           Dioclesian
           to
           those
           who
           would
           perswade
           him
           to
           re-assume
           the
           Empire
           .
           For
           it
           is
           impossible
           that
           he
           who
           is
           a
           true
           Virtuoso
           ,
           and
           has
           attain'd
           to
           the
           felicity
           of
           being
           a
           good
           Gardener
           ,
           should
           give
           jealousie
           to
           the
           State
           where
           he
           lives
           .
           This
           is
           not
           Advice
           to
           you
           who
           know
           so
           well
           how
           to
           cultivate
           both
           your
           self
           and
           your
           Garden
           :
           But
           because
           it
           is
           the
           only
           way
           to
           enjoy
           a
           Garden
           ,
           and
           to
           preserve
           its
           Reputation
           .
           Sir
           ,
           I
           am
        
         
           
             Your
             most
             Humble
             and
             most
             Obedient
             Servant
             
               J.
               E.
            
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           TO
           THE
           READER
           .
        
         
           I
           Advertise
           the
           Reader
           that
           what
           I
           have
           couched
           in
           four
           Sections
           at
           the
           end
           of
           this
           Volume
           ,
           under
           the
           Name
           of
           an
           Appendix
           ,
           is
           but
           a
           part
           of
           the
           third
           Treatise
           in
           the
           Original
           :
           there
           remaining
           three
           Chapters
           more
           concerning
           Preserving
           of
           fruits
           with
           Sugar
           ;
           which
           I
           have
           therefore
           expresly
           omitted
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           a
           Mysterie
           that
           I
           am
           little
           acquainted
           withall
           ;
           and
           that
           I
           am
           assured
           by
           a
           Lady
           (
           who
           is
           a
           person
           of
           quality
           ,
           and
           curious
           in
           that
           Art
           )
           that
           there
           is
           nothing
           of
           extraordinary
           amongst
           them
           ,
           but
           what
           the
           fair
           Sex
           do
           infinitely
           exceed
           ,
           whenever
           they
           please
           to
           divertise
           themselves
           in
           that
           sweet
           employment
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           also
           another
           Book
           of
           the
           same
           Author
           intituled
           
             Les
             delices
             de
             la
             Campagne
          
           ,
           (
           or
           the
           Delights
           of
           the
           
           Countrey
           )
           being
           as
           a
           
             second
             Part
          
           of
           this
           :
           wherein
           you
           are
           taught
           to
           prepare
           and
           dresse
           whatsoever
           either
           the
           Earth
           or
           the
           Water
           do
           produce
           ,
           Dedicated
           to
           the
           good
           Housewives
           :
           There
           you
           are
           instructed
           to
           make
           all
           sorts
           of
           
             French
             Bread
          
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           Mysterie
           of
           the
           
             Pastry
             ,
             Wines
          
           ,
           and
           all
           sorts
           of
           drinks
           .
           To
           accommodate
           all
           manner
           of
           roots
           good
           to
           eat
           ;
           cocking
           of
           Flesh
           and
           Fish
           ,
           together
           with
           precepts
           how
           the
           
             Major
             Domo
          
           is
           to
           order
           the
           services
           ,
           and
           treat
           persons
           of
           quality
           at
           a
           Feast
           ,
           
             a
             la
             mode
             de
             France
          
           ,
           which
           such
           as
           affect
           more
           then
           I
           ,
           and
           do
           not
           understand
           in
           the
           Original
           ,
           may
           procure
           to
           be
           interpreted
           ,
           but
           by
           some
           better
           hand
           then
           he
           that
           did
           the
           
             French
             Cook
          
           ,
           which
           (
           being
           as
           I
           am
           informed
           an
           excellent
           Book
           of
           its
           kinde
           )
           is
           miserably
           abused
           for
           want
           of
           Skill
           in
           the
           Kitchin.
           
        
         
           If
           any
           man
           think
           it
           an
           employment
           fit
           for
           the
           Translator
           of
           this
           former
           part
           ;
           it
           will
           become
           him
           to
           know
           ,
           that
           though
           I
           have
           some
           experience
           in
           the
           
           Garden
           ,
           and
           more
           divertisement
           ,
           yet
           I
           have
           none
           in
           the
           Shambles
           ;
           and
           that
           what
           I
           here
           present
           him
           was
           to
           gratifie
           a
           noble
           Friend
           ,
           who
           had
           only
           that
           empire
           over
           me
           ,
           as
           to
           make
           me
           quit
           some
           more
           serious
           Employments
           for
           a
           few
           dayes
           in
           obedinc●
           to
           his
           command
           .
        
         
           Farewell
           .
        
         
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           THE
           French
           Gardiner
           .
        
         
           
             The
             first
             Treatise
             .
          
           
             
               SECTION
               I.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 and
                 mould
                 of
                 the
                 Garden
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 means
                 to
                 recover
                 and
                 meliorate
                 ill
                 ground
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Site
                 .
              
               ALL
               those
               who
               have
               written
               concerning
               the
               husbandry
               of
               the
               Countrey
               ,
               have
               accompanied
               it
               with
               so
               many
               insupportable
               difficulties
               about
               the
               disposition
               of
               the
               Edifices
               ,
               and
               other
               parts
               appertaining
               to
               the
               Demesnes
               ,
               that
               
               it
               were
               altogether
               impossible
               to
               accommodate
               a
               place
               sutable
               to
               their
               prescription
               :
               forasmuch
               as
               the
               Situations
               never
               perfectly
               correspond
               to
               their
               desires
               :
               and
               therefore
               I
               shall
               by
               no
               means
               oblige
               you
               to
               the
               particular
               Site
               of
               your
               
                 Garden
                 ,
              
               ;
               you
               shall
               make
               use
               of
               the
               places
               as
               you
               finde
               them
               ,
               if
               already
               they
               are
               laid
               out
               :
               or
               else
               you
               shall
               (
               with
               good
               advice
               )
               prepare
               a
               new
               one
               in
               some
               part
               that
               lyes
               most
               convenient
               to
               your
               Mansion
               .
            
             
               
                 Soile
                 .
              
               Touching
               the
               Ground
               ,
               if
               you
               meet
               with
               that
               which
               is
               good
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               to
               your
               great
               advantage
               ,
               and
               much
               lessen
               your
               expence
               :
               but
               it
               is
               very
               rarely
               to
               be
               found
               where
               the
               land
               doth
               not
               require
               a
               great
               deale
               of
               labour
               :
               for
               many
               times
               the
               surface
               of
               the
               ground
               shall
               be
               good
               ,
               which
               (
               being
               opened
               the
               depth
               of
               a
               spade-bit
               onely
               )
               will
               be
               found
               all
               clay
               underneath
               which
               is
               a
               more
               pernicious
               mould
               for
               Trees
               then
               the
               very
               Gravell
               
               it self
               :
               since
               in
               Gravell
               ,
               the
               rootes
               may
               yet
               encounter
               some
               smal
               veynes
               for
               their
               passage
               in
               searching
               the
               moysture
               beneath
               from
               whence
               to
               draw
               nourishment
               :
               but
               the
               Clayie
               which
               is
               a
               sort
               of
               earth
               (
               wherewithall
               the
               Bakers
               of
               Paris
               do
               make
               the
               hearths
               of
               their
               Ovens
               )
               is
               like
               a
               board
               ,
               so
               thick
               ,
               and
               hard
               ,
               that
               the
               roots
               cannot
               Peirce
               it
               :
               and
               in
               the
               extraordinary
               heats
               of
               Sommer
               it
               hinders
               the
               moysture
               which
               is
               below
               ,
               that
               it
               can
               by
               no
               means
               penetrate
               ;
               in
               so
               much
               as
               the
               Trees
               and
               other
               plants
               become
               so
               extreamely
               drie
               ,
               that
               instead
               of
               advancing
               their
               growth
               they
               altogether
               languish
               ,
               and
               in
               conc●usion
               perish
               .
            
             
               
                 Dressing
              
               For
               redresse
               of
               this
               defect
               ,
               there
               is
               onely
               one
               expedient
               ;
               and
               that
               is
               by
               hollowing
               and
               breaking
               up
               the
               ground
               3
               or
               4
               foot
               deep
               ,
               beginning
               with
               a
               trench
               4
               or
               5
               foot
               large
               ,
               the
               whole
               length
               of
               the
               place
               that
               you
               will
               thus
               open
               ,
               casting
               the
               several
               
               moulds
               all
               upon
               one
               side
               ;
               and
               thus
               when
               your
               trench
               is
               voyded
               and
               emptied
               to
               the
               depth
               which
               you
               desire
               ,
               you
               shall
               cast
               in
               long
               dung
               ,
               of
               the
               Marc
               ,
               or
               husks
               of
               the
               wine-presse
               ,
               or
               Cider
               ,
               and
               fearne
               (
               which
               if
               you
               can
               commodiously
               procure
               is
               of
               all
               other
               composts
               the
               best
               )
               leaves
               of
               trees
               ,
               even
               to
               the
               rotten
               sticks
               and
               
                 mungy
                 stuffe
              
               to
               be
               found
               under
               old
               wood
               piles
               ,
               mosse
               ,
               and
               such
               like
               Trash
               ;
               in
               fine
               whatever
               you
               can
               procure
               with
               the
               most
               ease
               and
               least
               charge
               :
               for
               all
               the
               design
               in
               this
               stirring
               the
               ground
               is
               onely
               to
               keep
               it
               hollow
               ,
               that
               so
               the
               moysture
               beneath
               may
               invigorate
               the
               Trees
               ,
               and
               plants
               during
               the
               excessive
               drouths
               .
            
             
               You
               shall
               therefore
               lay
               it
               halfe
               a
               foot
               thick
               at
               the
               bottome
               of
               your
               Trench
               ;
               and
               afterwards
               dig
               a
               second
               of
               the
               same
               proportion
               ,
               casting
               the
               mould
               which
               lies
               uppermost
               (
               and
               which
               is
               ever
               the
               best
               )
               upon
               the
               dung
               ,
               and
               so
               making
               this
               
                 Second
                 
                 trench
              
               as
               deep
               as
               the
               former
               ,
               you
               shall
               fill
               your
               
                 first
                 trench
              
               ;
               and
               the
               mould
               which
               you
               found
               undermost
               ,
               shall
               now
               lye
               on
               the
               top
               ,
               thus
               continuing
               your
               Trenches
               ,
               till
               you
               have
               finished
               the
               whole
               piece
               .
            
             
               Peradventure
               you
               may
               object
               ,
               that
               the
               earth
               which
               you
               take
               from
               beneath
               ,
               will
               be
               barren
               ?
               I
               confesse
               with
               you
               ,
               that
               for
               the
               first
               year
               ,
               the
               goodnesse
               of
               it
               will
               not
               appear
               ,
               but
               when
               (
               with
               that
               little
               amendment
               which
               you
               bestow
               upon
               it
               )
               it
               shall
               be
               mellow'd
               by
               the
               rains
               ,
               and
               frosts
               of
               one
               Winter
               ,
               it
               shall
               produce
               abundantly
               more
               then
               what
               before
               lay
               above
               ,
               which
               being
               exhausted
               and
               worn
               out
               through
               the
               long
               usage
               ,
               hath
               certainly
               lost
               a
               great
               part
               of
               its
               vertue
               .
            
             
               Neither
               are
               all
               Seasons
               proper
               for
               this
               Labour
               ;
               because
               during
               the
               great
               heats
               ,
               This
               earth
               is
               so
               extreamely
               hard
               and
               bound
               ,
               that
               neither
               Crow
               ,
               nor
               Pick-axe
               can
               enter
               it
               .
               The
               Winter
               is
               then
               the
               most
               convenient
               season
               
               of
               all
               other
               ;
               for
               as
               much
               as
               the
               Autumn
               raines
               ,
               having
               well
               moystned
               the
               earth
               ,
               it
               is
               dug
               with
               the
               more
               facility
               ;
               and
               besides
               ,
               the
               rain
               ,
               the
               snow
               ,
               and
               the
               frosts
               ,
               which
               are
               frequent
               in
               that
               season
               ,
               contribute
               much
               to
               the
               work
               ;
               nor
               are
               Labourers
               (
               being
               at
               that
               time
               lesse
               imployed
               )
               so
               chargable
               ,
               as
               when
               they
               work
               in
               the
               Vineyards
               ,
               and
               during
               August
               ,
               when
               they
               are
               hardly
               to
               be
               procured
               for
               money
               .
            
             
               As
               concerning
               the
               bottom
               ,
               where
               you
               encounter
               with
               Gravell
               ,
               you
               shall
               husband
               it
               as
               we
               have
               allready
               described
               ,
               by
               breaking
               it
               ,
               and
               the
               stones
               that
               are
               mingl'd
               in
               the
               ground
               shall
               be
               carried
               out
               of
               the
               Garden
               .
               But
               in
               case
               the
               gravell
               lie
               not
               very
               thick
               and
               that
               when
               it
               is
               broken
               up
               you
               arrive
               at
               sand
               ,
               or
               to
               another
               smaller
               loose
               gravell
               ,
               it
               shall
               suffice
               that
               it
               be
               broken
               up
               without
               flinging
               out
               of
               the
               trench
               :
               since
               the
               Trees
               will
               shoot
               sufficient
               rootes
               amongst
               this
               smaller
               gra●vell
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               
               moysture
               which
               the
               duug
               lying
               above
               them
               will
               coutribute
               .
            
             
               You
               must
               remember
               to
               lay
               excellent
               dung
               half
               consumed
               at
               the
               bottome
               of
               such
               Trenches
               out
               of
               which
               you
               have
               cast
               the
               gravell
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               that
               the
               rain
               and
               all
               other
               refreshings
               may
               the
               more
               easily
               passe
               through
               it
               ;
               especially
               if
               it
               be
               of
               the
               huskes
               of
               the
               
                 presse
                 ,
                 fearne
              
               and
               the
               like
               ,
               such
               as
               we
               have
               already
               mentioned
               .
            
             
               You
               will
               object
               (
               I
               suppose
               )
               that
               to
               trench
               and
               dresse
               a
               whole
               Garden
               in
               this
               manner
               is
               to
               engage
               one
               into
               an
               extraordinary
               expence
               ?
               I
               grant
               it
               indeed
               ,
               but
               it
               is
               once
               for
               all
               ,
               and
               the
               emolument
               which
               will
               result
               from
               one
               such
               Labour
               ,
               will
               recompence
               the
               charge
               an
               hundred
               fold
               :
               since
               the
               Trees
               will
               be
               more
               beautifull
               ,
               without
               mosse
               ,
               or
               galls
               ,
               and
               without
               comparison
               produce
               their
               Fruits
               abundantly
               more
               faire
               then
               those
               which
               are
               planted
               in
               a
               ground
               which
               is
               not
               thus
               dressed
               .
            
             
             
               
                 Artichocks
                 ,
                 Leekes
              
               ,
               and
               other
               rootes
               grow
               there
               to
               a
               monstrous
               bignesse
               :
               briefly
               you
               will
               finde
               your self
               so
               extreamely
               satisfied
               perceiving
               the
               difference
               ,
               to
               what
               your
               Garden
               produced
               before
               it
               was
               thus
               loosened
               ,
               that
               you
               will
               have
               no
               cause
               to
               regret
               your
               expences
               .
            
             
               However
               if
               you
               would
               be
               yet
               more
               thrifty
               ,
               I
               shall
               instruct
               you
               how
               by
               another
               expedient
               you
               may
               amend
               your
               Garden
               with
               lesse
               charge
               ,
               but
               withall
               ,
               as
               the
               expence
               will
               not
               be
               so
               great
               ,
               so
               neither
               will
               the
               product
               be
               so
               faire
               .
               Of
               this
               I
               purpose
               to
               treate
               hereafter
               ,
               in
               the
               planting
               of
               pole-hedges
               and
               the
               Kitchen-garden
               .
            
             
               Many
               that
               are
               curious
               do
               extreamely
               exceed
               all
               this
               :
               for
               they
               passe
               all
               their
               Earth
               through
               a
               Hurdle
               to
               cleer
               it
               from
               the
               stones
               ,
               which
               is
               done
               by
               placing
               the
               Hurdle
               or
               Cive
               upon
               the
               margent
               of
               the
               Trench
               ,
               and
               so
               shoveling
               the
               mould
               to
               the
               top
               of
               the
               Cive
               ,
               the
               earth
               passes
               ,
               and
               
               the
               stones
               rolle
               to
               the
               foot
               of
               the
               Cive
               ,
               which
               are
               afterwards
               carried
               forth
               of
               the
               Garden
               .
            
             
               The
               forme
               of
               this
               Cive
               is
               a
               frame
               joyned
               together
               ,
               two
               Inches
               thick
               ,
               six-foot
               high
               ,
               and
               five
               foot
               in
               breadth
               which
               shall
               have
               two
               crosse
               quarters
               within
               the
               height
               ,
               of
               the
               same
               bignesse
               of
               the
               frame
               ,
               and
               all
               the
               four
               crosse
               peices
               shall
               be
               equally
               b●ared
               about
               the
               bignesse
               of
               those
               sticks
               which
               the
               Chandlers
               use
               to
               make
               their
               Candles
               on
               ;
               these
               holes
               must
               be
               a
               fingers
               thicknesse
               distant
               one
               from
               another
               ,
               and
               in
               them
               you
               shall
               fit
               sticks
               of
               Dog-wood
               because
               it
               is
               tough
               and
               very
               hard
               when
               it
               is
               dry
               ,
               and
               which
               will
               endure
               longer
               without
               breaking
               then
               any
               other
               .
               Note
               ,
               that
               both
               the
               top
               ,
               and
               the
               bottome
               of
               your
               frame
               must
               be
               pierced
               quite
               through
               ,
               that
               when
               any
               of
               the
               sticks
               are
               broken
               ,
               you
               may
               put
               new
               ones
               in
               their
               places
               ,
               fastning
               them
               with
               small
               wedges
               at
               the
               extreames
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               SECT
               .
               II.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Espaliers
                 ,
                 or
                 Wal-fruit
                 and
                 of
                 single
                 pole-hedges
                 and
                 shruls
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Wall-fruit
                 ▪
                 ●edges
                 .
              
               WAl-fruits
               being
               the
               principal
               ornament
               of
               Gardens
               it
               is
               most
               reasonable
               that
               we
               should
               assigne
               them
               the
               most
               eminent
               place
               and
               give
               a
               full
               description
               of
               them
               ,
               as
               being
               indeed
               the
               subject
               upon
               which
               I
               determine
               chiefly
               to
               discourse
               in
               this
               first
               Treatise
               .
            
             
               By
               Espalier
               ,
               we
               mean
               those
               Trees
               with
               which
               the
               Wals
               of
               Gardens
               be
               adorned
               and
               furnished
               :
               To
               bring
               this
               to
               perfection
               you
               must
               make
               a
               Large
               trench
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               described
               it
               before
               .
               If
               the
               ground
               be
               of
               Clay
               ,
               you
               are
               to
               husband
               it
               as
               hath
               bin
               spoken
               of
               Clay
               ,
               and
               if
               of
               a
               rocky
               nature
               ,
               as
               of
               rocky
               :
               But
               you
               shall
               leave
               one
               foot
               of
               Earth
               unbroken
               ,
               next
               to
               the
               wal
               ,
               for
               
               fear
               least
               you
               indanger
               the
               foundation
               ;
               and
               after
               having
               layed
               a
               bed
               of
               Dung
               ,
               of
               halfe
               a
               foot
               thick
               at
               the
               bottome
               of
               your
               trench
               ,
               you
               shall
               cast
               thereupon
               ,
               of
               the
               very
               best
               mould
               which
               came
               forth
               of
               the
               Trench
               to
               the
               thicknesse
               of
               a
               foot
               ;
               This
               done
               ,
               you
               shall
               marke
               out
               the
               places
               where
               you
               design
               to
               plant
               your
               Trees
               ,
               which
               shall
               be
               at
               a
               reasonable
               distance
               .
               That
               of
               twelve
               foot
               to
               me
               seems
               the
               most
               convenient
               ;
               but
               this
               at
               your
               owne
               discretion
               ,
               I
               shall
               oblige
               you
               to
               no
               Law
               ,
               every
               man
               hath
               his
               particular
               fancy
               ,
               but
               my
               opinion
               is
               ,
               that
               if
               they
               are
               planted
               neerer
               ,
               they
               will
               much
               incommode
               one
               another
               in
               few
               years
               ,
               if
               farther
               remote
               ,
               and
               that
               a
               tree
               chance
               to
               die
               ,
               or
               that
               you
               graft
               an
               other
               ,
               whose
               fruit
               may
               peradventure
               not
               pleas●
               you
               it
               will
               extreamly
               vex
               you
               to
               see
               your
               wal
               so
               long
               disfurnished
               ,
               and
               naked
               in
               that
               place
               .
            
             
               
                 Distance
                 .
              
               Having
               thus
               marked
               the
               place
               for
               
               your
               trees
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               proportion
               of
               12
               feet
               ,
               you
               shall
               cause
               the
               pits
               where
               you
               plant
               them
               to
               be
               filled
               (
               at
               three
               foot
               distance
               from
               either
               side
               of
               your
               marke
               )
               with
               the
               best
               mould
               ,
               which
               must
               be
               mingled
               with
               short
               dung
               of
               an
               old
               
                 Melon
                 bed
              
               ,
               or
               else
               with
               some
               other
               ,
               which
               before
               had
               bin
               employed
               in
               your
               Garden
               for
               plants
               ;
               and
               thus
               there
               will
               remaine
               a
               space
               of
               six
               foot
               ,
               in
               which
               intervall
               you
               shall
               cast
               a
               second
               Layer
               of
               
                 Cow
                 ,
                 hogs
              
               ,
               or
               
                 sheeps
                 dung
              
               very
               fat
               and
               well
               rotten
               ,
               after
               this
               you
               shall
               fling
               thereupon
               the
               mould
               which
               you
               had
               out
               of
               the
               trench
               ,
               and
               dressing
               your
               border
               ,
               make
               it
               very
               even
               .
            
             
               
                 Planting
                 .
              
               You
               shall
               make
               the
               holes
               for
               your
               trees
               ,
               at
               the
               places
               before
               marked
               out
               ,
               and
               plant
               them
               handsomly
               ,
               making
               a
               small
               heap
               in
               the
               center
               of
               the
               pitt
               ,
               to
               set
               your
               
                 tree
                 upon
              
               ,
               whilst
               you
               extend
               the
               roots
               all
               about
               it
               ,
               drawing
               them
               downward
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               hole
               being
               filled
               ,
               and
               the
               mould
               
               cast
               in
               ,
               you
               may
               tread
               it
               about
               the
               Tree
               the
               better
               to
               fix
               it
               ,
               and
               fil
               up
               the
               hollow
               places
               .
            
             
               You
               may
               if
               you
               please
               ,
               before
               you
               plant
               ,
               break
               away
               the
               ledge
               of
               earth
               to
               the
               very
               Wall
               a
               foot
               on
               either
               side
               of
               the
               place
               where
               you
               intend
               to
               plant
               your
               trees
               ,
               without
               the
               least
               prejudice
               to
               your
               wall
               .
            
             
               You
               shall
               set
               your
               tree
               a
               foot
               distant
               from
               the
               wal
               ,
               the
               branches
               somewhat
               inclining
               towards
               it
               ,
               for
               the
               more
               ornament
               in
               their
               growth
               ,
               this
               will
               also
               bring
               the
               roots
               better
               to
               the
               middle
               of
               your
               Trench
               ,
               by
               which
               they
               will
               more
               easily
               finde
               nourishment
               .
            
             
               Have
               a
               special
               care
               that
               you
               put
               no
               other
               dung
               neer
               the
               roots
               of
               your
               Trees
               ,
               then
               that
               short
               stuff
               of
               the
               
                 old
                 bed
              
               (
               which
               it
               will
               be
               good
               to
               mingle
               also
               with
               store
               of
               excellent
               mould
               )
               least
               the
               summer
               burne
               it
               all
               ;
               for
               as
               much
               as
               
                 new
                 dung
              
               keeps
               the
               earth
               hollow
               and
               loose
               till
               it
               be
               totally
               
               consumed
               ;
               but
               if
               otherwise
               you
               cast
               it
               into
               the
               intervalls
               ,
               when
               your
               Trees
               are
               once
               taken
               ,
               and
               that
               their
               roots
               within
               2
               or
               3
               years
               have
               found
               this
               excellent
               dung
               (
               which
               will
               by
               that
               time
               be
               quite
               rotten
               )
               they
               will
               shoot
               wonderfully
               ,
               produce
               a
               clean
               bark
               ,
               and
               most
               incomparable
               fruit
               .
            
             
               Concerning
               Esphaliers
               (
               which
               I
               will
               
                 English
                 Palisades
              
               )
               I
               will
               shew
               you
               severall
               formes
               of
               accommodating
               then
               according
               to
               the
               age
               of
               your
               trees
               .
               *
            
             
               The
               first
               is
               ,
               To
               fix
               small
               Stakes
               into
               the
               ground
               halfe
               a
               foot
               distant
               from
               your
               Wal
               ,
               to
               begin
               to
               conduct
               the
               tender
               sprouts
               of
               your
               trees
               ,
               and
               if
               need
               require
               ,
               you
               may
               add
               some
               cross
               poles
               or
               Lathes
               ,
               as
               many
               as
               are
               necessary
               ,
               binding
               to
               them
               your
               tender
               shoots
               with
               the
               gentlest
               osiers
               ,
               or
               rushes
               ,
               without
               knitting
               them
               too
               fast
               ,
               but
               onely
               to
               guide
               them
               for
               the
               pr●sent
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               manner
               shall
               be
               to
               make
               a
               hedge
               of
               Poles
               ,
               and
               la●hes
               
               equally
               cancelled
               and
               well
               bound
               ,
               which
               ,
               being
               of
               greater
               strength
               then
               the
               former
               ,
               will
               oblige
               the
               trees
               to
               what
               flexure
               and
               forme
               you
               please
               .
            
             
               The
               third
               is
               a
               Lattice
               fashioned
               to
               the
               Wall
               ,
               and
               supported
               with
               the
               bones
               
                 of
                 horses
              
               legs
               or
               by
               iron
               hooks
               ,
               fixed
               in
               the
               wall
               ,
               least
               otherwise
               the
               tree
               ,
               rising
               and
               forceing
               it
               to
               come
               at
               the
               fresh
               aire
               ,
               bend
               it
               forwards
               ,
               and
               break
               or
               overturne
               the
               hedg
               ,
               whose
               Stakes
               are
               onely
               fixed
               in
               the
               loose
               and
               newly
               broken
               up
               earth
               ,
               and
               besides
               ,
               with
               length
               of
               time
               they
               become
               rotten
               .
            
             
               
                 See
                 the
                 figure
                 or
                 first
                 plate
                 .
              
               The
               fourth
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               most
               substantial
               of
               all
               the
               rest
               ,
               and
               more
               easily
               maintained
               ,
               is
               to
               place
               in
               the
               wall
               the
               ends
               of
               woodden
               blocks
               ,
               about
               the
               bignesse
               of
               a
               strong
               rafter
               ,
               which
               are
               to
               be
               placed
               at
               eight
               equidistant
               squares
               ,
               projecting
               onely
               six
               inches
               from
               the
               wall
               ,
               in
               which
               you
               shall
               boar
               holes
               with
               an
               Auger
               an
               inch
               and
               
               an
               half
               deep
               ,
               and
               some
               two
               inches
               from
               the
               ends
               :
               be
               sure
               to
               place
               them
               at
               equal
               distance
               ,
               for
               height
               ,
               and
               breadth
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               middest
               of
               every
               square
               ,
               there
               shall
               be
               also
               one
               block
               ,
               resembling
               the
               figure
               of
               a
               quincunce
               .
            
             
               Then
               you
               shall
               provide
               Lathes
               ,
               or
               poles
               ,
               which
               you
               shall
               cause
               to
               be
               made
               exactly
               of
               the
               length
               ,
               that
               your
               blocks-ends
               are
               placed
               ,
               which
               Lathes
               or
               poles
               you
               shall
               shave
               and
               fit
               at
               both
               ends
               ,
               to
               enter
               into
               the
               holes
               made
               in
               the
               extreames
               of
               the
               blocks
               ,
               and
               to
               fix
               them
               well
               you
               shall
               bend
               them
               alittle
               like
               a
               bow
               ,
               putting
               the
               two
               ends
               into
               the
               opposite
               holes
               and
               letting
               the
               bow
               goe
               ,
               they
               will
               force
               in
               themselves
               so
               strongly
               as
               that
               they
               shall
               need
               no
               other
               fastning
               .
               The
               figure
               which
               is
               at
               the
               beginning
               of
               the
               treatise
               ,
               will
               sufficiently
               informe
               you
               .
            
             
               When
               your
               Trees
               are
               now
               a
               little
               strong
               ,
               they
               will
               not
               need
               to
               be
               spread
               with
               so
               much
               wood
               ,
               as
               when
               
               they
               are
               young
               ;
               it
               shall
               suffice
               in
               these
               kinds
               of
               Espaliers
               to
               stop
               the
               strongest
               branches
               onely
               .
               And
               when
               any
               of
               these
               poles
               shall
               chance
               to
               be
               rotten
               ,
               another
               may
               easily
               be
               supplied
               ,
               reserving
               alwaies
               provision
               of
               them
               in
               your
               house
               .
            
             
               The
               fifth
               is
               ,
               to
               take
               quarters
               of
               wood
               ,
               a
               little
               bigger
               then
               your
               poles
               ,
               and
               to
               accommodate
               them
               to
               your
               Iron
               hooks
               ,
               or
               horses
               bones
               (
               as
               we
               have
               said
               above
               )
               and
               bind
               them
               with
               copper
               or
               brasse
               wyre
               which
               will
               continue
               a
               very
               long
               time
               .
            
             
               
                 As
                 they
                 are
                 frequently
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 rough-cast
                 if
                 the
                 wall
                 be
                 built
                 of
                 unhewen
                 Stone
                 .
              
               The
               sixth
               and
               last
               fashion
               ,
               to
               plie
               or
               palisade
               your
               trees
               (
               and
               which
               is
               the
               handsomest
               and
               most
               ageeable
               ,
               but
               cannot
               easily
               be
               made
               ,
               save
               where
               the
               walls
               are
               plastred
               over
               )
               is
               to
               take
               shreads
               of
               Leather
               ,
               or
               Lists
               ,
               of
               Cloath
               with
               which
               you
               shall
               stay
               the
               tender
               branches
               ,
               fixing
               the
               list
               of
               the
               cloath
               to
               the
               wall
               with
               a
               naile
               ,
               and
               so
               the
               boughs
               will
               take
               their
               plie
               as
               they
               grow
               bigger
               ,
               without
               either
               casting
               
               forwards
               ,
               or
               loosning
               the
               nailes
               ,
               which
               will
               rust
               within
               the
               wall
               .
            
             
               These
               three
               last
               manners
               of
               Espaliers
               are
               in
               greatest
               practise
               ,
               to
               defend
               the
               trees
               from
               snailes
               ,
               
                 Earewigs
                 ,
                 Stotes
              
               ,
               &
               other
               noxious
               infects
               which
               creep
               into
               the
               withy
               twigs
               ,
               and
               betwixt
               the
               rinds
               of
               round
               poles
               ,
               which
               are
               not
               quarter
               wood
               .
            
             
               Be
               carefull
               not
               to
               plant
               any
               Tree
               in
               the
               coines
               or
               Angles
               of
               your
               Walls
               ;
               since
               they
               can
               there
               come
               but
               to
               half
               their
               nourishment
               ;
               and
               besides
               in
               so
               doing
               it
               will
               marr
               the
               figure
               of
               your
               Garden
               ,
               the
               Tree
               shooting
               forth
               all
               his
               branches
               forward
               ,
               to
               come
               at
               the
               aire
               .
            
             
               
                 Pole-Hedges
                 .
              
               The
               
                 Counter
                 Espalier
              
               is
               a
               hedge
               which
               formes
               all
               the
               walkes
               and
               Allies
               of
               the
               Garden
               ,
               it
               is
               planted
               in
               the
               same
               manner
               as
               the
               former
               ,
               excepting
               onely
               that
               the
               trench
               shall
               be
               at
               the
               least
               four
               foot
               broad
               ,
               causing
               the
               moulds
               to
               be
               cast
               ,
               the
               good
               upon
               one
               side
               ,
               and
               the
               worse
               upon
               the
               other
               ,
               
               that
               so
               you
               may
               fling
               the
               best
               into
               the
               bottome
               of
               your
               trench
               ,
               and
               the
               rest
               upon
               it
               .
            
             
               Then
               you
               shall
               plant
               your
               trees
               in
               lines
               very
               even
               ,
               perpendicular
               and
               not
               inclining
               as
               in
               wall-fruit
               .
            
             
               The
               wood
               which
               supports
               these
               trees
               must
               of
               necessity
               be
               fixed
               in
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               bound
               athwart
               with
               poles
               :
               all
               the
               curiosity
               which
               can
               be
               expressed
               in
               this
               manner
               of
               hedge
               ,
               is
               to
               make
               it
               with
               quarter
               wood
               and
               bind
               them
               with
               Iron
               or
               brasse
               wyre
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               some
               ,
               to
               spare
               the
               charge
               of
               maintaining
               these
               palisads
               ,
               satisfie
               themselves
               with
               b●nding
               and
               joyning
               the
               trees
               together
               when
               they
               are
               strong
               enough
               ,
               but
               then
               they
               ought
               to
               be
               planted
               nine
               foot
               asunder
               ;
               and
               the
               mischief
               is
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               extreamly
               subject
               to
               be
               shaken
               by
               high
               winds
               .
            
             
               
                 Shrubs
                 .
              
               〈…〉
               
               Kitchin-garden
               by
               the
               path
               sides
               ;
               which
               one
               may
               cut
               in
               what
               figure
               he
               please
               ,
               round
               ,
               square
               ,
               flat
               at
               top
               ,
               or
               let
               grow
               in
               the
               shape
               of
               a
               Cypresse
               ;
               in
               clipping
               whereof
               men
               are
               rather
               satisfied
               with
               their
               forme
               ,
               then
               their
               fruit
               ,
               which
               the
               walls
               and
               
                 Contr
                 '
                 Espaliers
              
               abundantly
               afford
               .
            
             
               You
               shall
               therefore
               plant
               them
               in
               the
               most
               commodious
               places
               of
               your
               borders
               ,
               and
               at
               equal
               distances
               one
               from
               another
               ,
               observing
               what
               I
               have
               already
               taught
               concerning
               planting
               .
            
             
               The
               description
               which
               I
               have
               given
               you
               of
               planting
               your
               trees
               ,
               will
               exempt
               you
               of
               the
               expence
               of
               trenching
               your
               whole
               Garden
               ;
               the
               Allies
               and
               walkes
               not
               so
               much
               needing
               it
               ,
               for
               before
               the
               trees
               shall
               come
               to
               shoot
               their
               roots
               as
               far
               as
               the
               walks
               ,
               they
               will
               have
               sufficient
               strength
               to
               pierce
               them
               and
               search
               out
               the
               best
               ground
               .
               Howbeit
               you
               shall
               not
               leave
               your
               Allies
               neglected
               ,
               but
               shall
               cause
               them
               to
               be
               diligently
               weeded
               ,
               and
               especially
               
               be
               carefull
               to
               cleanse
               them
               of
               Couch
               or
               dog-grasse
               to
               the
               very
               least
               string
               ,
               though
               you
               dig
               after
               it
               a
               spadebit
               deep
               ,
               continually
               shaking
               it
               from
               the
               earth
               ;
               and
               if
               after
               all
               this
               you
               perceive
               any
               of
               it
               remaining
               ,
               be
               sure
               to
               eradicate
               it
               how
               deep
               soever
               it
               lie
               ,
               that
               so
               you
               may
               utterly
               exterminate
               a
               weed
               so
               extreamly
               noxious
               to
               your
               Garden
               .
            
          
           
             
               SECTION
               .
               III.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 choice
                 which
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Trees
                 their
                 choice
                 .
              
               IT
               is
               to
               no
               purpose
               to
               have
               well
               prepared
               your
               ground
               ,
               unlesse
               you
               also
               plant
               it
               with
               the
               best
               and
               choycest
               fruit
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               find
               in
               the
               Nurseries
               of
               such
               Gardiners
               as
               have
               the
               reputation
               of
               honest
               and
               trusty
               men
               ;
               for
               the
               greater
               part
               of
               those
               which
               ●ell
               ,
               usually
               cheat
               those
               who
               deale
               with
               them
               .
               Therefore
               of
               such
               ,
               
               I
               shall
               not
               advise
               you
               to
               buy
               any
               ,
               unlesse
               you
               first
               see
               the
               fruit
               on
               them
               ,
               and
               so
               you
               may
               retaine
               them
               from
               that
               time
               ,
               sealing
               them
               with
               little
               Labels
               or
               bonds
               of
               Parchment
               ,
               with
               your
               own
               seale
               ,
               that
               thereby
               when
               you
               take
               them
               up
               ,
               you
               may
               be
               sure
               of
               your
               purchace
               .
               With
               those
               whom
               you
               may
               confide
               in
               ,
               for
               their
               faithfull
               delivery
               ,
               you
               may
               be
               lesse
               exact
               ;
               however
               it
               shall
               not
               be
               amisse
               to
               seale
               them
               ,
               though
               it
               were
               onely
               to
               give
               other
               customers
               notice
               ,
               that
               you
               have
               already
               bargain'd
               for
               them
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               desire
               to
               mark
               the
               species
               ,
               you
               may
               effect
               it
               two
               manner
               of
               waies
               ;
               One
               by
               writing
               the
               name
               of
               the
               tree
               upon
               small
               pieces
               of
               slate
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               ,
               by
               binding
               to
               them
               locks
               of
               wooll
               died
               with
               several
               Coulours
               ,
               whereof
               you
               shall
               make
               a
               memorandum
               ,
               and
               this
               shall
               serve
               you
               to
               difcerne
               your
               trees
               in
               planting
               ,
               them
               ,
               that
               so
               distinguishing
               your
               summer
               fruit
               from
               the
               winter
               ,
               your
               
                 wals
                 ,
                 Espaliers
                 ,
                 
                 Contr
                 '
                 Espaliers
              
               and
               Bushes
               may
               afford
               an
               object
               more
               agreeable
               ,
               since
               they
               will
               never
               be
               intirely
               naked
               ,
               but
               will
               here
               and
               there
               be
               still
               furnished
               with
               fruits
               ,
               and
               also
               that
               you
               may
               the
               better
               sever
               them
               ,
               that
               two
               of
               the
               same
               sort
               be
               not
               contiguous
               to
               one
               another
               .
            
             
               
                 Pears
                 .
              
               The
               Fruits
               which
               you
               shall
               make
               particular
               choyce
               of
               ,
               as
               for
               Pears
               (
               if
               you
               desire
               to
               make
               profit
               of
               them
               in
               the
               Market
               )
               shall
               be
               the
               summer
               and
               
                 winter
                 Bon-Chrestien
              
               ,
               The
               Muscat
               ,
               the
               great
               and
               lesser
               
                 rath-ripe
                 peare
              
               ,
               the
               Portail
               ,
               the
               summer
               and
               
                 winter
                 Bergamotte
              
               ,
               St.
               
                 Lezin
                 ,
                 Amadotte
                 ,
                 Bezidairy
                 ,
                 Double
                 Flower
                 ,
              
               the
               great
               Russeting
               of
               Rheims
               ,
               the
               
                 perfume
                 pear
              
               ,
               and
               
                 p●ire
                 Boeure
              
               of
               both
               sorts
               ,
               the
               
                 Messire
                 Iohn
                 ,
                 Cir●
                 ,
                 Cadilla●
                 ,
              
               and
               what
               ever
               other
               you
               finde
               to
               sell
               dearest
               .
            
             
               
                 Apples
                 .
              
               For
               Apples
               ,
               the
               Renettings
               of
               severall
               sorts
               ,
               
                 Cour-pendu
                 ,
                 Red
                 pipin
                 ,
                 Chesnut
                 ,
                 Apis
                 gros
                 and
                 petit
                 ,
                 Pigeonnet
              
               the
               Iudea
               and
               others
               ,
            
             
               
                 Peaches
                 .
                 Abricots
                 .
              
               As
               for
               Peaches
               and
               Abricots
               ,
               they
               
               allwaies
               sell
               well
               ;
               but
               these
               two
               sorts
               of
               fruits
               ,
               are
               not
               so
               proper
               in
               Espaliers
               ,
               because
               their
               boughs
               frequently
               dye
               ,
               sometimes
               upon
               one
               branch
               sometimes
               on
               the
               other
               ,
               and
               very
               often
               quite
               perish
               ,
               which
               is
               very
               illfavored
               to
               behold
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               breach
               which
               it
               causes
               in
               your
               Espaliers
               .
               Those
               which
               are
               chiefly
               in
               reputation
               are
               the
               
                 Rath
                 peaches
              
               or
               Peaches
               of
               
                 Troy
                 ,
                 Alberges
                 ,
                 Pavies
                 ,
                 Cherry-peaches
                 ,
                 Violette
                 de
                 Pau
                 ,
                 Brignons
                 ,
              
               and
               others
               .
            
             
               
                 Cherrie●
              
               For
               Cherries
               and
               Bigarreaux
               ,
               for
               as
               much
               as
               there
               are
               particular
               Orchards
               of
               them
               ,
               I
               will
               discourse
               no
               further
               of
               them
               ,
               then
               onely
               to
               tell
               you
               that
               those
               which
               have
               the
               
                 shortest
                 ,
                 stalke
              
               ,
               and
               
                 least
                 stone
              
               ,
               resembling
               those
               of
               the
               vally
               of
               Montmorency
               are
               the
               most
               excellent
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               likewise
               Precoce
               and
               rath-ripe
               Cherries
               ,
               which
               are
               to
               be
               planted
               where
               they
               may
               stand
               warme
               ,
               and
               exposed
               to
               the
               southern
               
               aspect
               ,
               or
               else
               set
               in
               Cases
               ,
               to
               be
               removed
               into
               the
               stove
               during
               the
               winter
               ,
               together
               with
               the
               Orange-tree
               :
               but
               these
               serve
               rather
               for
               Curiosity
               then
               for
               profit
               .
            
             
               Returne
               we
               therefore
               to
               the
               election
               of
               our
               Trees
               ,
               and
               let
               us
               not
               suffer
               this
               digression
               to
               hinder
               us
               from
               saying
               all
               that
               can
               be
               spoken
               upon
               this
               Argument
               ,
               and
               in
               particular
               ,
               concerning
               
                 Peare
                 trees
              
               which
               are
               the
               bearers
               of
               the
               most
               delicious
               and
               best
               fruit
               of
               your
               Garden
               .
            
             
               That
               tree
               which
               is
               Grafted
               upon
               a
               Quince
               is
               to
               be
               preferred
               before
               all
               other
               ,
               because
               t
               is
               not
               only
               an
               early
               bearer
               ,
               but
               produces
               large
               and
               lovely
               fruite
               ruddy
               and
               blushing
               where
               it
               regards
               the
               son
               ,
               and
               yellow
               on
               the
               other
               part
               which
               is
               more
               shaded
               by
               its
               thicknesse
               .
            
             
               Those
               which
               are
               on
               the
               freestock
               are
               esteemed
               to
               beare
               better
               relished
               fruit
               but
               they
               are
               nothing
               so
               large
               ,
               nor
               so
               rarely
               colour'd
               ,
               as
               are
               those
               
               which
               be
               grafted
               upon
               the
               quince
               ,
               and
               that
               's
               it
               we
               principally
               look
               after
               for
               sale
               ,
               other
               pears
               being
               allwaies
               of
               a
               green
               and
               lesse
               tempting
               Colour
               :
               and
               besides
               ,
               they
               are
               long
               in
               bearing
               ,
               and
               frequently
               fail
               of
               blossoming
               ,
               spending
               much
               in
               superfluous
               wood
               ;
               if
               plyed
               in
               form
               of
               wall-fruit
               ,
               you
               prune
               them
               till
               they
               are
               shot
               up
               very
               tall
               ,
               and
               past
               their
               utmost
               effort
               .
            
             
               
                 Age.
                 
              
               Concerning
               the
               Age
               you
               shall
               best
               choose
               your
               trees
               when
               they
               are
               about
               four
               years
               growth
               or
               thereabout
               ,
               as
               being
               then
               of
               a
               very
               fair
               size
               ;
               for
               if
               they
               be
               younger
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               a
               long
               while
               '
               ere
               they
               will
               have
               garnished
               your
               walls
               ;
               and
               if
               they
               be
               elder
               ,
               they
               will
               have
               shot
               their
               great
               roots
               ,
               which
               one
               shall
               endanger
               the
               breaking
               or
               splitting
               in
               transplanting
               them
               ,
               to
               the
               exceeding
               prejudice
               of
               the
               Tree
               ,
               which
               are
               wounds
               that
               are
               a
               long
               time
               recovering
               ,
               and
               it
               must
               have
               shot
               a
               good
               
               quantity
               of
               new
               strings
               ,
               before
               it
               will
               any
               thing
               prosper
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               the
               opinion
               of
               very
               many
               ,
               that
               one
               should
               plant
               a
               great
               and
               full
               grown
               tree
               once
               for
               all
               ,
               forasmuch
               as
               they
               are
               so
               long
               arriving
               to
               their
               perfection
               :
               〈◊〉
               I
               am
               quite
               of
               another
               sentiment
               ;
               for
               I
               conceave
               that
               a
               well
               chosen
               tree
               ,
               and
               that
               is
               of
               a
               thriving
               kind
               ,
               of
               the
               age
               I
               have
               spoken
               ,
               shall
               make
               a
               fairer
               root
               then
               one
               that
               is
               elder
               ,
               and
               which
               can
               send
               out
               but
               very
               small
               twigs
               ,
               though
               in
               greater
               quantity
               .
            
             
               
                 Shape
                 .
              
               As
               to
               the
               shape
               and
               forme
               of
               the
               trees
               ,
               be
               carefull
               that
               they
               be
               clean
               from
               mosse
               ,
               not
               stubbed
               ,
               sightly
               and
               thriving
               ;
               the
               body
               clean
               and
               large
               ,
               that
               the
               Escuchion
               or
               ●left
               be
               well
               recovered
               at
               the
               stocke
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               tree
               be
               plentifully
               furnished
               beneath
               ,
               handsomely
               spread
               and
               agreeable
               at
               the
               wall
               .
            
             
               
                 Taking
                 up
                 .
              
               I
               would
               have
               you
               present
               your
               selfe
               at
               the
               takeing
               up
               of
               your
               trees
               
               that
               they
               break
               off
               as
               few
               of
               the
               string
               roots
               as
               is
               possible
               ,
               nor
               split
               or
               cut
               any
               of
               the
               greater
               roots
               .
            
             
               
                 Transporting
                 and
                 transplanting
                 .
              
               Choose
               a
               fair
               day
               ,
               about
               
                 St.
                 Martines
              
               ,
               for
               as
               soon
               as
               ever
               you
               shall
               perceive
               the
               leafe
               to
               fall
               you
               may
               securelty
               ●ake
               up
               your
               trees
               ,
               and
               then
               transport
               them
               as
               gently
               as
               may
               be
               ,
               either
               on
               the
               backs
               of
               men
               or
               beasts
               ,
               and
               plant
               them
               again
               with
               all
               expedition
               ,
               least
               otherwise
               they
               languish
               ,
               and
               the
               hairy-roots
               grow
               drie
               :
               but
               as
               you
               plant
               ,
               remember
               to
               cut
               off
               the
               small
               poynts
               of
               the
               roots
               ,
               to
               quicken
               them
               ,
               and
               take
               away
               that
               which
               may
               be
               withered
               .
            
             
               But
               you
               must
               not
               prune
               them
               till
               the
               season
               ,
               for
               the
               reasons
               ,
               which
               I
               shall
               hereafter
               prescribe
               .
            
             
               From
               Peare-trees
               grafted
               upon
               the
               freestock
               you
               should
               cut
               off
               the
               
                 downe
                 right
                 root
              
               ,
               that
               so
               the
               other
               roots
               may
               fortifie
               and
               extend
               themselves
               all
               about
               to
               sucke
               the
               best
               mould
               .
            
             
             
               All
               sorts
               of
               other
               trees
               may
               be
               drawne
               ,
               transplanted
               ,
               and
               cultivated
               in
               the
               same
               manner
               ,
               without
               any
               difference
               or
               distinction
               .
            
             
               
                 Pruning
                 .
              
               Touching
               the
               pruneing
               of
               Trees
               ,
               the
               just
               season
               for
               those
               which
               are
               old
               planted
               ,
               is
               in
               the
               decrease
               of
               the
               Moon
               in
               Ianuary
               ,
               at
               which
               time
               Grafts
               for
               the
               cleft
               ,
               and
               crowne
               are
               to
               be
               gatherd
               and
               provided
               :
               and
               for
               such
               as
               are
               newly
               planted
               ,
               they
               must
               not
               be
               disbranched
               till
               the
               sap
               begins
               to
               rise
               ,
               that
               the
               wound
               may
               the
               soner
               be
               cured
               ,
               for
               if
               you
               cut
               them
               in
               winter
               ,
               the
               wood
               will
               be
               dried
               by
               the
               frost
               in
               place
               of
               the
               scar
               and
               make
               a
               stubb
               of
               dead
               wood
               to
               the
               very
               bud
               ,
               which
               should
               else
               shoot
               neer
               to
               the
               cut
               .
            
             
               I
               could
               scarcely
               resolve
               with
               my self
               how
               to
               teach
               this
               art
               of
               pruning
               :
               since
               it
               would
               merit
               an
               express
               Discourse
               to
               instruct
               you
               perfectly
               :
               but
               having
               in
               my
               Preface
               resolv'd
               to
               conceal
               nothing
               from
               you
               as
               a
               Secret
               ,
               
               I
               had
               rather
               hazard
               the
               censure
               of
               captious
               persons
               ,
               then
               hide
               the
               art
               from
               you
               ,
               how
               you
               may
               attain
               the
               most
               excellent
               and
               fairest
               Fruit
               :
               in
               description
               whereof
               I
               shall
               nevertheless
               be
               as
               succinct
               and
               brief
               as
               I
               can
               ;
               teaching
               in
               a
               very
               few
               lines
               (
               by
               way
               of
               Maximes
               )
               what
               would
               employ
               more
               then
               two
               sheets
               ,
               if
               I
               should
               give
               a
               contexture
               to
               my
               Period
               .
               Therefore
            
             
               You
               shall
               begin
               to
               prune
               ,
               by
               cutting
               off
               all
               the
               shoot
               of
               August
               where
               ever
               you
               encounter
               it
               ,
               unless
               the
               place
               be
               naked
               ,
               and
               that
               you
               suspect
               the
               next
               old
               branch
               will
               not
               suffice
               to
               cover
               it
               ,
               without
               cutting
               it
               off
               ,
               which
               would
               exceedingly
               spoil
               and
               deform
               your
               tree
               .
            
             
               Those
               young
               branches
               which
               proceed
               from
               the
               old
               ,
               and
               shoot
               lustily
               ,
               must
               be
               stopped
               at
               the
               second
               or
               third
               knot
               ;
               for
               they
               would
               attract
               all
               the
               Sap
               which
               ought
               to
               nourish
               the
               branch
               :
               and
               in
               case
               the
               Tree
               be
               
               plentifully
               garnished
               ,
               you
               may
               cut
               them
               off
               at
               their
               first
               peeping
               ;
               and
               such
               as
               you
               would
               spare
               are
               to
               be
               conducted
               where
               you
               would
               have
               them
               continue
               .
            
             
               Every
               Branch
               which
               sprouts
               as
               well
               before
               as
               behinde
               the
               Tree
               must
               be
               cut
               off
               ,
               because
               they
               deforme
               it
               .
            
             
               All
               Buds
               that
               will
               be
               Fruit
               shall
               be
               spared
               ;
               yet
               if
               there
               be
               any
               at
               the
               top
               of
               a
               branch
               which
               you
               desire
               should
               fortifie
               and
               spread
               ,
               cut
               off
               that
               branch
               near
               a
               Sprig-bud
               ,
               rubbing
               off
               the
               Fruit-buds
               which
               are
               on
               the
               new
               shoot
               .
            
             
               Every
               branch
               which
               is
               to
               spread
               and
               fortifie
               ,
               must
               be
               prun'd
               ,
               be
               it
               never
               so
               little
               :
               but
               on
               the
               stronger
               you
               may
               leave
               more
               buds
               ,
               then
               on
               the
               weak
               and
               feeble
               .
            
             
               Every
               branch
               forceably
               plyed
               to
               garnish
               any
               void
               place
               ,
               doth
               never
               bear
               the
               fruit
               fair
               :
               but
               in
               case
               it
               be
               guided
               thither
               from
               its
               prrimary
               
               shooting
               ,
               it
               will
               do
               well
               enough
               .
            
             
               Every
               Bud
               which
               hath
               but
               a
               single
               leaf
               produces
               only
               wood
               :
               that
               of
               fruit
               hath
               many
               ,
               and
               the
               more
               ,
               the
               sooner
               it
               will
               bear
               ,
               and
               the
               greater
               its
               fruit
               .
            
             
               The
               Fruit-bud
               which
               grows
               on
               the
               body
               of
               the
               Tree
               produces
               fairer
               fruit
               ,
               then
               such
               as
               break
               out
               of
               the
               collaterall
               twigges
               ,
               and
               tops
               of
               branches
               .
            
             
               You
               shall
               rub
               off
               all
               twig-bu●s
               ,
               which
               sprout
               before
               or
               behinde
               your
               trees
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               desire
               to
               have
               your
               tree
               soon
               furnished
               on
               both
               sides
               ,
               hinder
               it
               from
               shooting
               in
               the
               middle
               .
            
             
               The
               more
               you
               prune
               a
               Tree
               ,
               the
               more
               it
               will
               shoot
               .
            
             
               You
               should
               prune
               but
               little
               wood
               from
               trees
               that
               are
               graffed
               on
               the
               free-stock
               ,
               and
               which
               do
               not
               yet
               produce
               fruit-buds
               :
               but
               afterward
               hauing
               passed
               their
               effort
               ,
               they
               will
               bear
               but
               too
               plentifully
               .
            
             
             
               Make
               as
               few
               wounds
               in
               a
               tree
               as
               possibly
               you
               can
               ,
               and
               rather
               exterminate
               a
               deformed
               branch
               ,
               then
               haggle
               it
               in
               several
               places
               .
            
             
               Cut
               your
               branches
               alwayes
               slanting
               ,
               behind
               a
               Leaf-bud
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               they
               may
               the
               sooner
               heal
               their
               wounds
               without
               leaving
               any
               stubs
               ,
               which
               you
               shall
               afterward
               cut
               off
               to
               the
               very
               quick
               ,
               to
               avoid
               a
               second
               skar
               ,
               and
               a
               great
               eye-sore
               .
            
             
               When
               your
               Trees
               form
               into
               crowns
               or
               bunches
               ,
               the
               tops
               of
               your
               branches
               that
               have
               been
               too
               much
               pruned
               ,
               or
               that
               have
               cast
               their
               fruit
               ,
               leaving
               the
               knots
               of
               the
               stalks
               ,
               they
               are
               to
               be
               discharged
               of
               it
               ,
               to
               beautifie
               the
               Tree
               .
            
             
               You
               shall
               also
               disburthen
               your
               trees
               that
               are
               too
               fertil
               ,
               commencing
               with
               the
               smaller
               ,
               by
               cutting
               the
               stalks
               in
               the
               middle
               without
               unknotting
               them
               :
               the
               fewer
               the
               tree
               doth
               nourish
               ,
               the
               fairer
               will
               be
               your
               fruit
               .
            
             
               
                 Nailing
                 and
                 Pruning
                 .
              
               
               The
               best
               season
               to
               binde
               ,
               
                 plash
                 ,
                 nail
              
               and
               dress
               your
               trees
               is
               in
               the
               moneth
               February
               ,
               for
               the
               greatest
               frosts
               being
               then
               past
               ,
               one
               may
               cut
               off
               what
               is
               superfluous
               without
               difficulty
               ,
               and
               besides
               ,
               the
               sap
               not
               as
               yet
               risen
               ,
               there
               will
               be
               no
               danger
               of
               breaking
               off
               the
               buds
               ,
               knotted
               into
               fruit
               .
            
             
               But
               the
               greatest
               dificulty
               in
               this
               work
               ,
               is
               to
               spread
               the
               trees
               handsomely
               like
               a
               Fan
               when
               it
               is
               displayed
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               that
               as
               the
               sticks
               or
               ribs
               of
               a
               fan
               ,
               never
               thwart
               one
               another
               ,
               so
               nor
               should
               the
               branches
               of
               your
               trees
               .
            
             
               
                 Spreading
              
               And
               this
               is
               a
               
                 vulgar
                 error
              
               amongst
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               Gardiners
               ,
               which
               proceeds
               from
               their
               ignorance
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               will
               undertake
               ,
               the
               ordering
               of
               trees
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               peculiar
               science
               ,
               not
               to
               be
               attained
               amongst
               the
               Cabbage-planters
               .
            
             
               
                 Error
                 .
              
               They
               do
               extrtamly
               ill
               ,
               when
               they
               fagot
               and
               bundle
               together
               a
               great
               many
               smal
               twigs
               ,
               in
               one
               tack
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               fault
               altogether
               unsufferable
               ;
               for
               
               indeed
               one
               should
               never
               leave
               above
               the
               breadth
               of
               a
               single
               branch
               ,
               about
               all
               the
               tree
               ;
               In
               fine
               they
               are
               so
               stupid
               ,
               that
               they
               pass
               ,
               and
               repass
               the
               branches
               ,
               and
               wind
               them
               about
               the
               poles
               which
               (
               in
               
                 Palissade
                 hedges
              
               )
               are
               erected
               for
               their
               support
               ;
               or
               else
               they
               thrust
               and
               draw
               the
               
                 tree
                 behinde
              
               ,
               and
               the
               poles
               before
               ,
               which
               are
               so
               grosse
               mistakes
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               not
               be
               past
               over
               without
               due
               reproach
               .
               I
               shall
               counsell
               these
               men
               in
               charity
               ,
               to
               put
               themselves
               into
               the
               service
               of
               some
               skilfull
               Gardiner
               for
               a
               year
               or
               two
               ,
               where
               they
               may
               learn
               to
               order
               Trees
               as
               they
               ought
               ,
               and
               profit
               by
               his
               instructions
               .
            
             
               And
               yet
               notwithstanding
               all
               this
               ,
               if
               you
               spie
               a
               place
               about
               your
               tree
               which
               is
               very
               naked
               and
               unfurnished
               ,
               you
               may
               in
               such
               a
               case
               thwart
               some
               small
               branch
               to
               cover
               that
               eie-sore
               and
               voide
               ,
               but
               let
               this
               be
               rarely
               ,
               and
               so
               disposed
               as
               not
               easily
               to
               be
               discovered
               .
            
             
               
                 Dressing
                 .
              
               It
               is
               requisite
               that
               you
               give
               foure
               
               diggings
               or
               dressings
               to
               your
               trees
               every
               year
               ,
               and
               you
               may
               employ
               that
               ground
               by
               sowing
               it
               with
               the
               seeds
               of
               such
               hearbs
               ,
               as
               will
               be
               in
               season
               and
               ready
               to
               be
               spent
               at
               the
               renewing
               of
               every
               dressing
               ,
               such
               as
               are
               
                 Lettuce
                 ,
                 Purslaine
                 ,
                 Cherile
                 ,
                 Cichorie
                 ,
              
               nay
               even
               yong
               Cabbages
               to
               transplant
               ;
               in
               fine
               ,
               what
               ever
               is
               not
               to
               abide
               long
               in
               a
               place
               ;
               and
               there
               you
               may
               also
               replant
               ,
               Lettnce
               to
               pome
               and
               head
               ,
               Cichory
               to
               blanch
               it
               ,
               Purslain
               to
               pickle
               ,
               and
               for
               seed
               ,
               and
               thus
               your
               labour
               will
               redouble
               the
               profit
               ,
               for
               by
               this
               means
               your
               trees
               will
               (
               besides
               the
               dressing
               ,
               stirring
               and
               opening
               of
               the
               uld
               )
               be
               often
               watered
               by
               the
               Gardiner
               ,
               whose
               care
               must
               be
               continuall
               about
               these
               youngherbs
               and
               plants
               .
            
             
               The
               season
               for
               the
               first
               is
               before
               Winter
               ,
               when
               you
               should
               well
               dung
               such
               as
               have
               need
               ,
               and
               the
               digging
               ought
               to
               be
               very
               deep
               :
               at
               expiration
               of
               winter
               give
               it
               a
               second
               labour
               ,
               mingling
               it
               with
               the
               soyl
               which
               you
               
               first
               bestowed
               upon
               it
               ;
               the
               other
               which
               follow
               need
               only
               suffice
               to
               preserve
               it
               from
               weeds
               ;
               but
               never
               dig
               it
               in
               rainy
               or
               scorching
               weather
               ;
               for
               the
               one
               will
               make
               morter
               of
               the
               ground
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               will
               chap
               and
               and
               parch
               it
               :
               If
               you
               give
               it
               a
               stirring
               when
               the
               vine
               begins
               to
               soften
               the
               verjuice-grape
               ,
               and
               tinge
               the
               black
               clusters
               ,
               you
               shall
               finde
               your
               Pears
               in
               the
               space
               of
               a
               week
               to
               swell
               and
               improve
               exceedingly
               .
            
             
               But
               you
               shall
               by
               no
               means
               sow
               any
               seeds
               which
               produce
               any
               large
               roots
               ,
               not
               so
               much
               for
               that
               they
               require
               a
               longer
               sojourn
               in
               the
               ground
               to
               arrive
               to
               their
               full
               growth
               ,
               as
               because
               they
               will
               suck
               ,
               emaciate
               ,
               and
               dry
               much
               of
               the
               mould
               about
               them
               .
               For
               this
               reason
               likewise
               let
               the
               greater
               Cabbages
               ,
               and
               leeks
               of
               the
               second
               year
               be
               sedulously
               banished
               .
            
             
               
                 Old
                 trees
                 .
              
               It
               will
               be
               necessary
               at
               every
               three
               or
               four
               years
               period
               ,
               to
               cherish
               and
               warme
               your
               aged
               trees
               ,
               and
               such
               as
               
               were
               old
               planted
               ,
               and
               this
               is
               done
               by
               uncovering
               the
               mould
               within
               a
               little
               of
               the
               roots
               ,
               and
               applying
               of
               excellent
               dung
               thereon
               .
               The
               best
               season
               for
               this
               worke
               is
               at
               the
               commencement
               of
               Winter
               ,
               that
               so
               the
               dung
               may
               be
               halfe
               consumed
               before
               the
               heat
               and
               drouth
               of
               Summer
               invade
               it
               .
            
          
           
             
               SECTION
               .
               IV.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Seminary
                 ,
                 and
                 Nursery
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Seminary
                 .
              
               THe
               Seminary
               being
               the
               mother
               and
               the
               nurse
               for
               the
               elevation
               and
               raising
               of
               Trees
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               highly
               requisite
               to
               give
               you
               perfect
               instructions
               ,
               after
               what
               manner
               it
               is
               to
               be
               governed
               ;
               and
               therefore
               begin
               we
               with
               seeds
               .
            
             
               All
               sorts
               of
               seeds
               affect
               a
               fresh
               place
               cleansed
               from
               bushes
               ,
               trees
               ,
               and
               roots
               ,
               &
               would
               be
               sheltred
               from
               the
               
               darts
               of
               the
               Meridian
               sun
               by
               some
               high
               wall
               or
               other
               fence
               :
               and
               this
               is
               a
               convenience
               which
               you
               may
               easily
               finde
               in
               some
               quarter
               of
               your
               Garden
               ,
               where
               the
               wall
               is
               towards
               the
               south
               :
               One
               year
               will
               amply
               furnish
               you
               with
               all
               sorts
               of
               Plants
               ,
               and
               indeed
               with
               more
               then
               you
               can
               tell
               how
               well
               to
               employ
               .
            
             
               
                 Seeds
                 .
                 Kernels
                 .
                 Stones
                 .
              
               Having
               therefore
               provided
               store
               of
               kernells
               and
               stones
               the
               year
               before
               ,
               and
               as
               you
               eat
               the
               fruits
               ,
               and
               the
               winter
               well
               spent
               ;
               You
               shall
               towards
               the
               end
               of
               February
               ,
               sow
               your
               
                 kernells
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               in
               lines
               upon
               beds
               ,
               sow
               every
               species
               apart
               ,
               and
               in
               like
               manner
               set
               the
               stones
               in
               even
               files
               about
               4
               Inches
               asunder
               .
               I
               presuppose
               ,
               that
               the
               ground
               where
               you
               designe
               them
               ,
               hath
               been
               well
               dressed
               and
               prepared
               at
               the
               begining
               of
               the
               Winter
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               shall
               receive
               a
               second
               e'●e
               you
               begin
               to
               sow
               .
               Your
               kernells
               and
               stones
               will
               spring
               up
               the
               first
               year
               ,
               some
               stronger
               ,
               some
               more
               fe●ble
               
               then
               others
               ,
               but
               that
               's
               nothing
               ,
               they
               will
               all
               serve
               to
               transplant
               .
               Notwithstanding
               ,
               if
               you
               did
               sow
               them
               in
               a
               bed
               or
               quarter
               behinde
               your
               Pole-hedges
               :
               at
               the
               same
               south-side
               ,
               that
               they
               might
               be
               visited
               a
               little
               by
               the
               rising
               and
               declining
               of
               the
               sun
               )
               they
               would
               be
               better
               to
               be
               planted
               forth
               at
               two
               years
               growth
               then
               at
               one
               ,
               but
               with
               such
               as
               they
               are
               omit
               not
               to
               store
               your
               Seminary
               .
            
             
               Set
               your
               Peach
               stones
               at
               such
               time
               as
               the
               fruit
               is
               in
               
                 maturity
                 ,
                 interring
              
               them
               with
               the
               peach
               about
               them
               as
               they
               are
               gatherd
               from
               the
               tree
               but
               you
               must
               not
               forget
               to
               marke
               the
               place
               with
               a
               little
               stick
               ,
               least
               in
               dressing
               the
               seed
               plot
               ,
               you
               break
               off
               their
               sprouts
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed-plot
              
               To
               begin
               therefore
               your
               seminary
               ,
               having
               made
               choyce
               of
               some
               fit
               place
               in
               your
               Garden
               ,
               you
               shall
               dress
               ,
               labour
               and
               dig
               it
               very
               well
               and
               then
               tread
               it
               very
               even
               all
               over
               to
               settle
               the
               Earth
               ;
               afterwards
               you
               shall
               cut
               
               out
               small
               trenches
               about
               a
               spade-bit
               deep
               ,
               and
               two
               foot
               distant
               each
               from
               other
               ,
               casting
               the
               mould
               on
               one
               side
               upon
               the
               margent
               of
               your
               furrow
               :
               this
               done
               ,
               set
               your
               plants
               (
               having
               first
               a
               little
               topped
               them
               )
               about
               halfe
               a
               foot
               distant
               ,
               and
               supporting
               them
               with
               your
               hand
               cover
               their
               roots
               with
               the
               mould
               which
               you
               cast
               out
               of
               the
               trench
               ,
               and
               so
               tread
               them
               in
               to
               fix
               them
               ,
               least
               ,
               being
               loose
               they
               vent
               and
               spend
               themselves
               .
               You
               must
               observe
               to
               plant
               every
               species
               by
               themselves
               ,
               Pears
               with
               
                 pears
                 ,
                 Apples
              
               with
               
                 Apples
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               and
               be
               carefull
               that
               the
               weeds
               doe
               not
               suffocate
               the
               plants
               ,
               and
               therefore
               they
               must
               be
               dressed
               and
               weeded
               upon
               all
               occasions
               .
            
             
               
                 Cutting
                 .
              
               But
               you
               shall
               not
               cut
               your
               plants
               till
               the
               sap
               begins
               to
               rise
               ,
               and
               then
               you
               may
               nip
               them
               within
               halfe
               a
               foot
               of
               the
               ground
               :
               and
               where
               they
               shoot
               leave
               only
               one
               cutting
               ,
               the
               remainder
               of
               the
               following
               winter
               ,
               
               still
               rubbing
               the
               formost
               Buds
               for
               a
               foot
               space
               ,
               to
               secure
               the
               bark
               from
               knots
               ,
               which
               would
               be
               a
               great
               impediment
               ,
               when
               you
               are
               to
               Graft
               upon
               them
               .
            
             
               
                 Cra●●ing
                 .
              
               If
               in
               the
               same
               year
               that
               you
               planted
               you
               find
               any
               of
               them
               strong
               enough
               to
               Inoculate
               ,
               &
               that
               they
               have
               plenty
               of
               sap
               ,
               graft
               on
               them
               without
               farther
               difficultie
               .
               My
               opinion
               is
               that
               a
               man
               cannot
               Inoculate
               either
               on
               wild
               or
               free-stock
               too
               young
               ;
               provided
               they
               be
               large
               enough
               to
               receive
               the
               Scutcheon
               ;
               and
               my
               reason
               is
               ,
               that
               the
               stocke
               and
               the
               Scutcheon
               taking
               their
               growth
               proportionably
               the
               incision
               of
               the
               stock
               will
               the
               sooner
               be
               healed
               ,
               and
               they
               will
               shoot
               with
               a
               great
               deale
               more
               vigour
               ,
               then
               those
               which
               you
               shall
               bud
               upon
               stronger
               sets
               ,
               which
               are
               2
               or
               3
               years
               recovering
               the
               place
               from
               whence
               you
               tooke
               the
               dead
               part
               ,
               and
               of
               which
               at
               the
               other
               side
               of
               the
               Scutcheon
               ,
               the
               barke
               of
               the
               wild
               stock
               does
               frequently
               die
               three
               
               or
               four
               Inches
               below
               the
               Scutcheon
               ,
               so
               that
               it
               will
               require
               three
               or
               four
               years
               to
               heal
               the
               defect
               :
               Adde
               to
               this
               :
               that
               the
               Bark
               of
               an
               old
               stock
               ,
               will
               not
               unite
               so
               well
               with
               that
               of
               of
               the
               Scutcheon
               ;
               but
               is
               apt
               to
               make
               a
               great
               wreath
               ,
               subject
               to
               peel
               and
               unglue
               ;
               a
               thing
               which
               never
               arrives
               when
               the
               Rinds
               are
               both
               of
               them
               young
               and
               tender
               .
            
             
               Some
               observe
               yet
               ,
               that
               
                 tall
                 Stocks
              
               are
               to
               be
               graffed
               together
               ,
               affirming
               that
               they
               grow
               equally
               :
               but
               chosing
               my
               Plant
               at
               half
               a
               foot
               ,
               it
               were
               impossible
               that
               all
               should
               prosper
               ,
               and
               be
               taken
               up
               together
               separated
               ,
               but
               with
               difficulty
               ,
               and
               without
               violating
               the
               Roots
               :
               and
               therefore
               it
               is
               better
               doubtless
               to
               graff
               young
               ,
               for
               the
               causes
               already
               specified
               ,
               since
               the
               stronger
               must
               needs
               master
               the
               weaker
               :
               and
               those
               likewise
               which
               are
               most
               vigorous
               will
               surmount
               the
               other
               ;
               and
               a
               small
               compasse
               will
               furnish
               you
               with
               a
               sufficient
               quantity
               of
               
               good
               trees
               ,
               provided
               you
               suffer
               them
               not
               to
               grow
               there
               too
               long
               .
            
             
               
                 Quince-stocks
                 .
              
               You
               shall
               likewise
               Provide
               you
               a
               Seminary
               of
               Quince-stocks
               like
               to
               the
               other
               ,
               and
               order
               them
               in
               the
               same
               manner
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               three
               sorts
               of
               Quinces
               :
               That
               which
               is
               poynted
               before
               ;
               The
               Pear
               or
               Female
               Quince
               ,
               which
               hath
               the
               fruit
               like
               a
               Callebasse
               ;
               The
               great
               
                 Portugall
                 Quince
              
               pointed
               at
               both
               extreams
               .
               The
               first
               is
               the
               least
               ,
               the
               ordinary
               is
               next
               ,
               that
               of
               Portugal
               much
               more
               excellent
               ,
               and
               abounding
               in
               Sap.
               
            
             
               The
               right
               Quinces
               (
               which
               is
               that
               which
               I
               name
               the
               wild-stock
               )
               are
               such
               as
               have
               their
               fruit
               resembling
               a
               Gourd
               or
               Callebasse
               ,
               and
               not
               such
               as
               be
               great
               behind
               and
               pointed
               before
               .
            
             
               
                 Peaches
                 .
              
               For
               the
               Peaches
               which
               proceed
               from
               the
               stones
               that
               you
               set
               ,
               I
               advise
               you
               to
               prepare
               a
               quarter
               in
               your
               garden
               a
               part
               ,
               for
               the
               reasons
               already
               alledged
               :
               because
               that
               if
               you
               range
               
               them
               in
               hedges
               or
               walls
               some
               of
               the
               branches
               perishing
               every
               year
               ,
               will
               prove
               a
               very
               great
               eye-sore
               :
               And
               therefore
               my
               counsell
               is
               that
               in
               one
               of
               the
               quarters
               most
               distant
               from
               your
               house
               (
               toward
               the
               north
               where
               they
               will
               not
               impeach
               the
               prospect
               of
               your
               garden
               )
               Plant
               the
               Peach-trees
               which
               you
               shall
               take
               out
               of
               your
               Seminary
               ,
               Placing
               them
               six
               foot
               from
               one
               another
               equidistant
               on
               every
               side
               in
               the
               quincunx
               ,
               and
               thus
               they
               will
               produce
               you
               a
               world
               of
               fruit
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               multitude
               .
            
             
               
                 Dressing
                 .
              
               You
               must
               be
               carefull
               to
               give
               them
               four
               dressings
               or
               
                 diggings
                 ,
                 prune
              
               off
               the
               dead
               wood
               ,
               and
               to
               cut
               off
               at
               the
               second
               or
               third
               joynt
               the
               young
               shoots
               ,
               which
               growing
               too
               exuberant
               will
               draw
               all
               the
               sap
               of
               the
               tree
               to
               themselves
               ,
               and
               starve
               the
               old
               branches
               ,
               which
               in
               defect
               of
               nourishment
               will
               shortly
               perish
               ;
               for
               observe
               this
               as
               a
               Maxime
               ,
               that
               the
               sap
               does
               allways
               apend
               to
               the
               most
               tender
               shoots
               )
               
               You
               may
               also
               intermix
               some
               Abricots
               in
               the
               same
               place
               ,
               which
               are
               to
               be
               governed
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               of
               the
               Peaches
               .
            
             
               
                 Nursery
                 .
              
               You
               shall
               Plant
               your
               Nursery
               ,
               in
               some
               large
               bed
               or
               quarter
               of
               your
               garden
               ,
               which
               lyes
               most
               remote
               from
               your
               dwelling
               ,
               least
               when
               it
               shall
               appear
               like
               a
               grove
               or
               Copse-wood
               ,
               it
               hinders
               your
               prospect
               .
            
             
               
                 Plot.
                 
              
               The
               Plott
               designed
               ,
               and
               the
               ground
               exquisitely
               piched
               and
               voyded
               of
               all
               manner
               of
               weeds
               and
               roots
               ,
               you
               shall
               marke
               out
               with
               a
               line
               ,
               and
               make
               holes
               every
               way
               ,
               2
               foot
               large
               and
               2
               deep
               ,
               distant
               4
               foot
               asunder
               ,
               and
               the
               ranges
               also
               as
               wide
               from
               each
               other
               .
               Then
               taking
               your
               
                 grafted
                 trees
              
               out
               of
               the
               Seminary
               ,
               you
               shall
               transplant
               them
               into
               this
               Nursery
               ;
               Nor
               is
               it
               materiall
               though
               the
               shoot
               be
               but
               of
               the
               first
               year
               they
               will
               serve
               well
               enough
               to
               replant
               ;
               and
               in
               that
               you
               shall
               punctually
               observe
               the
               rules
               which
               I
               have
               prescribed
               
               in
               planting
               of
               Esphaliers
               and
               hedges
               ,
               which
               is
               ,
               to
               mingle
               some
               fine
               dung
               of
               the
               
                 old
                 bed
              
               with
               good
               mould
               ,
               and
               making
               a
               little
               marke
               at
               the
               center
               of
               the
               holes
               ,
               there
               you
               shall
               place
               your
               tree
               ,
               extending
               the
               roots
               of
               it
               on
               every
               side
               ,
               and
               allwaies
               drawing
               them
               downwards
               ;
               then
               fill
               the
               hole
               up
               to
               the
               very
               Graft
               ,
               and
               tread
               the
               mould
               about
               it
               to
               establish
               the
               tree
               .
            
             
               
                 Planting
                 .
              
               Note
               that
               the
               graft
               be
               almost
               levell
               with
               the
               ground
               for
               the
               greater
               ornament
               of
               the
               Tree
               ;
               since
               it
               would
               be
               a
               very
               great
               eye-sore
               to
               see
               the
               knott
               or
               swelling
               where
               it
               was
               grafted
               ,
               and
               especially
               in
               some
               whose
               graff
               is
               bigger
               then
               the
               stock
               which
               beares
               it
               ,
               and
               so
               it
               makes
               an
               ilfavoured
               wreath
               at
               the
               closing
               which
               is
               very
               ugly
               and
               disagreeable
               .
            
             
               However
               you
               shall
               remember
               to
               plant
               somewhat
               hig●er
               when
               it
               has
               not
               bin
               long
               since
               the
               ground
               was
               trenc●ed
               ,
               for
               as
               much
               as
               the
               dung
               underneath
               ,
               
               when
               it
               begins
               to
               consume
               will
               make
               the
               tree
               to
               sinke
               .
            
             
               
                 Trees
                 .
              
               As
               for
               trees
               in
               Hedges
               and
               counter-hedges
               exposed
               to
               the
               south
               ,
               one
               may
               set
               them
               four
               fingers
               lower
               then
               the
               Soil
               ,
               the
               better
               to
               refresh
               them
               ;
               and
               without
               any
               peril
               of
               striking
               out
               small
               roots
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               drouth
               ;
               yet
               in
               case
               there
               should
               sprout
               any
               ,
               the
               Gardiner
               searching
               with
               his
               Spade
               may
               cut
               them
               away
               ,
               and
               give
               the
               knot
               a
               little
               air
               to
               stop
               their
               growth
               for
               the
               future
               .
            
             
               You
               shall
               likewise
               remember
               that
               (
               if
               during
               the
               extream
               Heats
               you
               will
               benefit
               your
               Trees
               )
               you
               put
               some
               mungy
               Fearn
               ,
               or
               half
               rotten
               Dung
               about
               all
               their
               feet
               ;
               yet
               so
               as
               it
               do
               not
               touch
               the
               Stemme
               :
               and
               thus
               you
               may
               spread
               it
               for
               a
               yard
               compass
               ,
               and
               about
               four
               fingers
               thick
               ;
               This
               will
               both
               shade
               the
               Roots
               ,
               and
               exceedingly
               refresh
               the
               Mould
               about
               them
               ,
               preserving
               the
               earth
               from
               gaping
               in
               extremity
               of
               
               weather
               ,
               by
               which
               oftentimes
               the
               Tree
               languishes
               ,
               and
               the
               small
               roots
               become
               dry
               :
               but
               if
               you
               a
               little
               stir
               the
               ground
               before
               you
               apply
               this
               dung
               ,
               you
               will
               render
               a
               double
               advantage
               to
               your
               trees
               ,
               for
               the
               earth
               will
               by
               this
               means
               maintain
               it self
               supple
               ,
               and
               put
               forth
               no
               weeds
               through
               the
               dung
               .
            
             
               It
               will
               be
               requisite
               to
               have
               a
               Nursery
               for
               three
               main
               considerations
               .
               The
               first
               is
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               always
               have
               provision
               of
               trees
               ,
               fit
               to
               supply
               the
               places
               of
               such
               as
               accidentally
               dye
               ,
               or
               languishing
               do
               not
               thrive
               .
               The
               second
               is
               ,
               to
               dis-incumber
               your
               Seminary
               which
               will
               otherwise
               be
               too
               full
               and
               thick
               of
               young
               trees
               .
               And
               thirdly
               that
               you
               may
               spare
               some
               for
               the
               market
               ,
               to
               recompence
               the
               expence
               of
               your
               first
               Plantation
               ;
               and
               besides
               ,
               they
               may
               yield
               you
               some
               fruit
               where
               they
               stand
               ,
               which
               will
               extreamly
               please
               you
               ;
               add
               to
               this
               ,
               that
               a
               tree
               which
               has
               been
               frequently
               transplanted
               ,
               becomes
               
               a
               great
               deal
               more
               generous
               and
               kind
               then
               if
               it
               had
               bin
               immediatly
               drawn
               from
               the
               seminary
               only
               ,
               and
               Planted
               in
               his
               station
               to
               continue
               .
            
             
               
                 Disbranching
                 .
              
               It
               is
               also
               convenient
               to
               have
               a
               Nursery
               for
               those
               trees
               which
               are
               grafted
               upon
               the
               *
               free-stock
               (
               as
               
                 Pears
                 ,
                 Apples
              
               ,
               and
               others
               )
               which
               you
               designe
               for
               trees
               of
               six
               foot
               stem
               ,
               you
               cut
               off
               the
               top
               ,
               or
               master
               root
               ,
               and
               as
               the
               tree
               grows
               ,
               to
               prune
               those
               branches
               neer
               the
               trunk
               ,
               which
               suck
               too
               much
               of
               the
               moysture
               ,
               or
               fork
               and
               deforms
               the
               tree
               ;
               but
               spare
               the
               smaller
               ones
               ,
               that
               the
               stem
               may
               fortifie
               by
               stopping
               the
               sap
               in
               its
               course
               .
               There
               are
               very
               many
               which
               extreamly
               mistake
               themselves
               in
               this
               particular
               taking
               off
               all
               the
               branches
               upon
               the
               body
               of
               the
               tree
               to
               the
               place
               where
               they
               would
               have
               it
               head
               and
               so
               are
               constrained
               to
               set
               a
               prop
               or
               a
               stake
               to
               redress
               and
               secure
               it
               from
               the
               violence
               of
               impetuous
               winds
               ,
               
               which
               bends
               and
               wrests
               the
               trunck
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               its
               weighty
               head
               which
               renders
               its
               top
               heavy
               ,
               and
               hinders
               the
               body
               of
               the
               tree
               of
               its
               growth
               because
               the
               sap
               speedily
               Passing
               upwards
               to
               the
               new
               shoots
               makes
               no
               halt
               by
               the
               way
               ,
               as
               it
               would
               doe
               if
               some
               of
               the
               young
               branches
               were
               left
               .
            
             
               
                 Nipping
                 .
              
               There
               is
               a
               season
               when
               to
               nip
               the
               bud
               and
               stop
               the
               trees
               whilst
               the
               sap
               is
               up
               :
               and
               the
               buds
               which
               may
               in
               this
               case
               be
               taken
               away
               ,
               are
               such
               as
               most
               deforme
               the
               tree
               ;
               but
               you
               must
               ever
               spare
               those
               which
               will
               be
               fruit
               .
            
             
               And
               to
               distinguish
               them
               one
               from
               the
               other
               ,
               such
               as
               have
               but
               one
               leafe
               apendant
               produce
               wood
               only
               ,
               whereas
               those
               which
               are
               fruitfull
               are
               plentifully
               furnished
               with
               leaves
               .
            
             
               
                 Pruning
                 .
              
               You
               may
               also
               prune
               off
               those
               yong
               shoots
               which
               are
               too
               exuberant
               ,
               and
               that
               may
               draw
               too
               much
               sap
               from
               the
               tree
               to
               the
               prejudice
               of
               the
               
               rest
               of
               the
               branches
               :
               where
               therefore
               you
               observe
               this
               ,
               you
               shall
               stop
               them
               at
               the
               third
               or
               fourth
               knot
               ,
               and
               after
               it
               hath
               put
               forth
               its
               Sap.
               
            
             
               They
               use
               also
               to
               prune
               in
               Augustspring
               ,
               as
               well
               to
               impeach
               its
               unhandsome
               spreading
               ,
               as
               that
               it
               may
               ripen
               before
               Winter
               and
               not
               starve
               the
               branches
               below
               ,
               which
               must
               of
               necessity
               be
               cut
               off
               in
               February
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               desire
               to
               make
               a
               plantation
               of
               great
               trees
               in
               an
               Orchard
               by
               themselves
               ,
               you
               must
               of
               necessity
               Graft
               them
               upon
               Freestocks
               ,
               and
               not
               upon
               the
               quince
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               Pears
               ,
               and
               the
               Apples
               upon
               the
               Apples
               of
               Paradise
               ,
               
               for
               otherwise
               they
               will
               never
               become
               of
               any
               stature
               ,
               but
               will
               be
               low
               and
               shrubbie
               .
            
             
               
                 Distance
                 .
              
               You
               may
               Plant
               your
               
                 Apple
                 trees
              
               30
               foot
               distant
               ,
               and
               your
               
                 Pears
                 ,
                 Plum-trees
              
               and
               other
               fruits
               24
               :
               
                 Forme
                 .
              
               and
               be
               carefull
               that
               you
               plant
               them
               in
               the
               quincunx
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               in
               lines
               which
               mutually
               cut
               at
               right
               angles
               .
            
             
             
               In
               such
               a
               plot
               of
               ground
               you
               may
               safely
               sow
               some
               seeds
               ,
               and
               pulse
               ,
               which
               will
               occasion
               you
               to
               open
               and
               stirr
               the
               ground
               ;
               for
               I
               advise
               you
               above
               all
               things
               not
               to
               permit
               any
               wild
               herbs
               or
               weeds
               in
               your
               Orchard
               ,
               rather
               restraine
               your self
               to
               a
               smaller
               circuit
               of
               ground
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               manage
               well
               ,
               then
               to
               undertake
               a
               larger
               ,
               and
               neglect
               it
               for
               want
               of
               dressing
               .
               Great
               Orchards
               are
               admired
               ,
               but
               the
               smaller
               better
               cultivated
               ,
               and
               you
               shall
               receive
               more
               profit
               from
               a
               small
               spot
               well
               husbanded
               then
               from
               a
               large
               plantation
               which
               is
               neglected
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               SECTION
               .
               V.
               
            
             
               
                 Concerning
                 Graffs
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 directions
                 how
                 to
                 choose
                 them
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Graffing
                 .
              
               THere
               is
               a
               great
               deale
               of
               dificulty
               in
               the
               well
               choosing
               of
               Grafts
               ;
               for
               upon
               that
               does
               depend
               their
               earely
               bearing
               ,
               there
               being
               some
               which
               produce
               no
               fruit
               in
               ten
               or
               twelve
               years
               .
            
             
               The
               best
               Grafts
               are
               those
               which
               grow
               upon
               the
               strongest
               and
               master
               branch
               of
               a
               tree
               ,
               which
               is
               wont
               to
               be
               a
               good
               bearer
               and
               such
               a
               one
               as
               does
               promise
               a
               plentiful
               burden
               that
               year
               ,
               and
               is
               thick
               of
               buds
               ;
               for
               hence
               it
               is
               that
               your
               young
               
                 grafted
                 trees
              
               ,
               have
               fruit
               from
               the
               second
               or
               third
               year
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               from
               the
               very
               first
               .
            
             
               Whereas
               on
               the
               contrary
               ,
               if
               you
               take
               a
               graft
               from
               a
               
                 young
                 tree
              
               which
               has
               not
               as
               yet
               borne
               fruit
               ,
               that
               which
               you
               shall
               propagate
               from
               such
               a
               tree
               
               will
               not
               bear
               a
               long
               time
               after
               .
            
             
               
                 ●noculating
                 .
              
               The
               graffe
               or
               bud
               for
               the
               Scutcheon
               ,
               ought
               to
               be
               gathered
               in
               the
               moneth
               of
               August
               ,
               at
               the
               decrease
               ,
               and
               immediatly
               grafted
               or
               for
               a
               more
               certain
               rule
               ,
               without
               such
               notice
               of
               the
               Moon
               ,
               observe
               when
               your
               wild-stock
               ,
               and
               Free
               are
               in
               the
               Prime
               of
               their
               sap
               :
               for
               the
               Escutcheon
               is
               allwaies
               fit
               enough
               ,
               but
               the
               wild-stock
               does
               frequently
               fail
               of
               being
               disposed
               to
               receive
               it
               ,
               for
               want
               of
               sap
               :
               as
               it
               commonly
               happens
               in
               an
               extreame
               drie
               Summer
               where
               they
               shoot
               not
               at
               all
               ,
               or
               very
               little
               in
               the
               Agust-spring
               :
               And
               therfore
               if
               you
               have
               many
               trees
               to
               graft
               ,
               loose
               no
               time
               ,
               and
               be
               sure
               to
               begin
               early
               .
            
             
               
                 Season
                 .
              
               You
               shall
               know
               whether
               your
               wilde-stock
               be
               in
               the
               vigour
               of
               his
               Sap
               by
               two
               indications
               .
               The
               one
               is
               ,
               by
               making
               incision
               ,
               and
               lancing
               the
               bark
               with
               a
               Pen-knife
               ,
               and
               lifting
               it
               up
               ;
               if
               it
               quit
               the
               wood
               ,
               there
               is
               Sap
               sufficent
               ;
               but
               if
               it
               will
               not
               move
               readily
               ,
               
               you
               must
               attend
               ,
               till
               it
               ascend
               ;
               for
               it
               will
               else
               be
               but
               labour
               in
               vain
               ,
               and
               prejudice
               your
               Tree
               .
               The
               other
               is
               ,
               when
               at
               the
               extremities
               of
               the
               branches
               of
               the
               
                 wilde
                 stock
              
               ,
               you
               see
               the
               leaves
               of
               the
               
                 new
                 Sap
              
               appear
               white
               and
               pallid
               ,
               it
               is
               a
               Symptome
               that
               the
               tree
               is
               in
               case
               ,
               and
               fit
               to
               graffe
               .
            
             
               
                 Choyce
                 .
              
               A
               Graffe
               for
               the
               Scutcheon
               shall
               be
               chosen
               from
               a
               Shoot
               or
               Syen
               of
               that
               year
               ,
               mature
               and
               very
               fair
               ;
               for
               there
               are
               many
               which
               are
               thin
               and
               meagre
               at
               the
               points
               ,
               and
               upon
               such
               you
               shall
               hardly
               finde
               one
               or
               two
               buds
               that
               are
               good
               :
               gather
               it
               neer
               to
               the
               Shoot
               of
               the
               precedent
               year
               ,
               cutting
               the
               upmost
               point
               in
               case
               you
               may
               not
               take
               off
               the
               Scutcheons
               ,
               and
               cut
               away
               also
               all
               the
               leaves
               to
               a
               Moyety
               of
               the
               stalk
               .
            
             
               And
               the
               reason
               why
               I
               oblige
               you
               to
               cut
               off
               the
               top
               of
               the
               Graffe
               ,
               and
               its
               leaves
               so
               far
               ,
               is
               ,
               because
               if
               you
               spare
               them
               they
               will
               wither
               ,
               and
               so
               drie
               all
               the
               graffe
               ,
               that
               it
               will
               not
               
               be
               possible
               to
               separate
               the
               Escutcheon
               from
               the
               wood
               ,
               and
               besides
               all
               the
               leaves
               are
               worth
               nothing
               .
            
             
               
                 Time.
                 
              
               If
               you
               defer
               your
               graffing
               till
               the
               morrow
               ,
               or
               some
               dayes
               after
               they
               are
               gathered
               ,
               you
               shall
               dip
               their
               ends
               in
               some
               vessel
               ,
               the
               water
               not
               above
               two
               inches
               deep
               ,
               till
               such
               time
               as
               you
               intend
               to
               graffe
               them
               ,
               but
               if
               you
               will
               graff
               them
               on
               the
               same
               day
               ,
               you
               need
               onely
               keep
               them
               fresh
               in
               some
               Cabbage
               leaves
               ,
               or
               moyst
               linnen
               clout
               .
            
             
               
                 Cleft
                 .
              
               Graffs
               for
               the
               Cleft
               are
               to
               be
               gathered
               in
               the
               wain
               of
               the
               Moon
               in
               Ianuary
               ,
               to
               the
               increase
               of
               it
               in
               February
               ,
               and
               so
               continuing
               from
               Moon
               to
               Moon
               ,
               till
               you
               perceive
               that
               the
               Sap
               being
               too
               strong
               in
               the
               Stock
               ,
               separates
               the
               Rinde
               from
               the
               wood
               .
            
             
               
                 Choyce
                 .
              
               To
               choose
               a
               Graff
               well
               for
               the
               Cleft
               ,
               my
               opinion
               is
               ,
               that
               it
               should
               have
               of
               the
               wood
               of
               the
               *
               
                 two
                 saps
              
               of
               the
               precedent
               year
               ,
               whereof
               the
               oldest
               will
               best
               accommodate
               with
               the
               Cleft
               ,
               and
               
               the
               other
               will
               shoot
               and
               bud
               best
               ;
               though
               I
               do
               not
               utterly
               reprove
               the
               graffing
               of
               the
               wood
               though
               but
               of
               one
               year
               ;
               but
               the
               tree
               will
               not
               bear
               fruit
               so
               soon
               .
            
             
               You
               shall
               gather
               your
               Graffs
               at
               the
               top
               of
               the
               fairest
               branches
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               formerly
               said
               ,
               and
               you
               shall
               leave
               three
               fingers
               length
               of
               the
               
                 first
                 Sap
              
               ,
               or
               old
               wood
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               cut
               your
               graffe
               with
               the
               greater
               case
               .
            
             
               To
               conserve
               them
               till
               you
               graffe
               ,
               it
               is
               sufficient
               to
               cover
               them
               by
               bundles
               half
               wayes
               in
               the
               earth
               ,
               their
               kindes
               distinguished
               ,
               least
               if
               you
               should
               mingle
               them
               ,
               and
               should
               graffe
               of
               two
               sorts
               upon
               the
               same
               same
               tree
               ,
               you
               be
               constrained
               to
               cut
               one
               of
               them
               off
               ;
               since
               two
               several
               kindes
               of
               fruit
               do
               never
               agree
               well
               upon
               the
               same
               Stem
               ,
               the
               one
               hindring
               the
               other
               from
               arriving
               to
               its
               perfection
               by
               robbing
               it
               of
               the
               Sap.
               
            
          
           
             
             
               SECT
               .
               VI.
               
            
             
               
                 The
                 manner
                 how
                 to
                 graffe
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               Have
               never
               observed
               above
               four
               several
               necessary
               manners
               of
               graffing
               ,
               and
               from
               which
               you
               may
               hope
               for
               an
               assured
               success
               ,
               the
               rest
               being
               more
               curious
               then
               profitable
               ,
               seeing
               that
               by
               these
               four
               a
               man
               may
               graffe
               all
               sorts
               of
               Trees
               and
               Shrubs
               whatsoever
               .
               Of
               these
            
             
               The
               Escutcheon
               holds
               the
               preheminency
               ;
               for
               as
               much
               as
               it
               is
               applicable
               upon
               all
               sorts
               of
               trees
               ,
               the
               most
               easy
               to
               do
               ,
               and
               the
               soonest
               that
               bears
               fruit
               .
            
             
               The
               Cleft
               or
               Stock
               followes
               ,
               and
               that
               as
               practicable
               upon
               the
               greater
               trees
               ,
               and
               also
               upon
               the
               smaller
               ,
               even
               to
               those
               of
               one
               inch
               diameter
               .
            
             
               The
               Crown
               is
               not
               much
               in
               use
               ,
               save
               upon
               trees
               of
               the
               largest
               size
               .
            
             
               The
               Approch
               is
               not
               ordinarily
               
               practised
               ,
               except
               it
               be
               upon
               
                 Orange
                 ,
                 Limmon
              
               trees
               ,
               and
               other
               rare
               Plants
               ,
               such
               as
               we
               conserve
               in
               Cases
               ,
               and
               are
               therefore
               joyned
               with
               the
               more
               facility
               .
            
             
               
                 Inoculating
              
               To
               begin
               therefore
               with
               the
               Escutcheon
               .
               Your
               Stock
               being
               stripped
               of
               all
               its
               small
               twigs
               the
               height
               of
               half
               a
               foot
               ,
               or
               a
               little
               more
               ,
               from
               the
               season
               that
               they
               use
               to
               cut
               trees
               ;
               or
               else
               deferred
               till
               graffing
               time
               ,
               you
               shall
               choose
               out
               the
               fairest
               part
               of
               the
               Bark
               of
               your
               Stock
               ,
               and
               if
               it
               be
               possible
               upon
               the
               quarter
               which
               is
               exposed
               to
               the
               most
               impetuous
               windes
               ;
               because
               they
               come
               sometimes
               so
               furiously
               ,
               that
               they
               loosen
               the
               Shield
               ,
               being
               yet
               tender
               ,
               and
               charged
               with
               branches
               and
               leaves
               ;
               which
               accident
               does
               not
               happen
               so
               frequently
               ,
               when
               they
               are
               thus
               placed
               ,
               as
               when
               they
               are
               graffed
               on
               the
               other
               side
               ,
               though
               you
               should
               set
               supporters
               to
               uphold
               them
               .
            
             
               Cut
               your
               Escutcheon
               long
               enough
               ,
               
               an
               inch
               or
               thereabout
               ,
               and
               reasonably
               large
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               derive
               sufficient
               nourishment
               ;
               be
               sure
               to
               take
               it
               off
               dextrously
               ,
               and
               look
               within
               it
               ,
               whether
               the
               sprout
               of
               the
               Bud
               hold
               to
               it
               ;
               for
               if
               that
               stay
               behinde
               with
               the
               wood
               from
               whence
               you
               took
               it
               ,
               it
               is
               worth
               nothing
               :
               You
               shall
               hold
               this
               in
               your
               mouth
               by
               the
               end
               of
               the
               stalk
               of
               the
               leaf
               ,
               which
               I
               ordered
               you
               to
               reserve
               expressly
               when
               you
               gather
               your
               graffs
               ;
               then
               make
               incision
               upon
               your
               stock
               ,
               and
               gently
               loosen
               the
               bark
               with
               the
               pointed
               handle
               of
               your
               Knife
               ,
               without
               rubbing
               it
               against
               the
               wood
               ,
               for
               fear
               of
               scraping
               the
               Sap
               which
               is
               underneath
               ;
               this
               done
               ,
               place
               your
               Scutcheon
               between
               the
               wood
               and
               the
               bark
               ,
               thrusting
               it
               down
               till
               the
               head
               of
               the
               Shield
               joyn
               with
               the
               incision
               at
               the
               top
               of
               your
               Stock
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               be
               even
               and
               flat
               upon
               the
               wood
               ,
               which
               being
               performed
               ,
               you
               shall
               binde
               it
               about
               with
               Hemp
               ,
               beginning
               to
               tie
               it
               
               very
               close
               above
               ,
               neer
               the
               Bud
               ,
               then
               turning
               it
               below
               ,
               leave
               the
               Eye
               but
               a
               very
               small
               compass
               ,
               and
               thus
               you
               shall
               finish
               your
               binding
               with
               a
               knot
               .
            
             
               
                 Season
                 .
              
               Be
               careful
               when
               you
               graffe
               ,
               that
               it
               be
               neither
               during
               the
               excessive
               heat
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               nor
               in
               a
               rainy
               season
               ,
               for
               the
               Scutcheon
               will
               not
               endure
               to
               be
               wet
               ,
               and
               it
               will
               be
               in
               great
               danger
               of
               not
               taking
               ,
               if
               it
               rain
               the
               first
               four
               or
               five
               dayes
               immediatly
               after
               your
               inoculating
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               some
               who
               take
               off
               part
               of
               the
               wood
               with
               the
               Shield
               ,
               which
               they
               do
               with
               one
               cut
               of
               the
               knife
               ,
               which
               manner
               of
               inoculating
               I
               do
               not
               disapprove
               :
               I
               have
               succeeded
               well
               in
               it
               my self
               ,
               and
               besides
               in
               so
               doing
               ,
               there
               is
               no
               danger
               of
               impeaching
               the
               Bud
               of
               your
               Scutcheon
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               of
               leaving
               the
               Eye
               of
               the
               Bud
               behinde
               you
               .
               Those
               which
               have
               many
               trees
               to
               inoculate
               use
               this
               way
               because
               it
               is
               more
               prompt
               &
               expedite
               .
            
             
             
               Three
               weeks
               after
               you
               have
               inoculated
               (
               or
               thereabout
               )
               you
               may
               cut
               the
               knot
               of
               the
               Ligature
               ,
               that
               the
               sap
               may
               enjoy
               the
               freer
               
                 intercourse
                 .
                 Winter
              
               past
               ,
               and
               the
               Bud
               beginning
               to
               open
               ,
               cut
               your
               Stock
               three
               or
               four
               fingers
               above
               the
               Scutcheon
               ,
               and
               cut
               likewise
               the
               binding
               behinde
               it
               ,
               and
               the
               Rinde
               it self
               to
               the
               very
               wood
               ;
               this
               must
               be
               done
               at
               one
               gash
               of
               the
               knife
               ,
               from
               the
               bottom
               to
               the
               top
               .
            
             
               Howbeit
               you
               shall
               not
               take
               off
               the
               Tow
               from
               about
               the
               Scutcheon
               ,
               but
               let
               it
               fall
               of
               it self
               ;
               for
               there
               is
               danger
               in
               quitting
               it
               ,
               lest
               you
               press
               the
               Bud
               ,
               which
               is
               then
               extreamly
               tender
               :
               You
               shall
               not
               cut
               off
               the
               Stub
               which
               remains
               beneath
               the
               Scutcheon
               ,
               till
               you
               prune
               the
               Tree
               ,
               which
               must
               be
               in
               February
               the
               year
               following
               .
            
             
               After
               your
               Scutcheon
               has
               put
               forth
               its
               first
               Sap
               ,
               you
               may
               prune
               it
               at
               top
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               shoot
               out
               branches
               about
               the
               Eyes
               below
               ,
               otherwise
               it
               will
               
               mount
               without
               forking
               ,
               and
               so
               your
               Dwarf
               will
               have
               no
               grace
               or
               beauty
               .
            
             
               The
               just
               season
               to
               stop
               them
               is
               in
               the
               decrease
               of
               the
               Moon
               ,
               when
               the
               Sap
               of
               August
               shoots
               out
               ;
               you
               may
               then
               also
               ,
               if
               you
               please
               ,
               ●ut
               the
               wood
               of
               your
               Stock
               which
               you
               left
               above
               the
               Scutcheon
               ,
               and
               cover
               the
               wound
               with
               good
               earth
               thinly
               mixed
               with
               Hay
               ,
               and
               making
               it
               a
               little
               hood
               ,
               or
               more
               curiously
               ,
               with
               a
               plaister
               of
               wax
               ,
               mixed
               with
               a
               composition
               which
               I
               shall
               describe
               hereafter
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               will
               attend
               the
               issue
               of
               the
               Winter
               following
               to
               cut
               the
               heel
               of
               your
               tree
               ,
               you
               need
               not
               be
               obliged
               to
               wrap
               it
               up
               ,
               and
               secure
               it
               thus
               ,
               because
               the
               ascending
               sap
               will
               immediately
               cure
               it
               .
            
             
               I
               have
               observed
               ,
               that
               a
               Scutcheon
               set
               on
               a
               wilde
               or
               free-stock
               of
               about
               an
               inch
               Diameter
               or
               more
               ,
               does
               not
               prosper
               and
               shoot
               so
               well
               ,
               as
               upon
               one
               that
               is
               younger
               ,
               and
               besides
               ,
               it
               
               is
               more
               subject
               to
               unglue
               .
               Some
               there
               be
               that
               inoculate
               from
               the
               very
               first
               rise
               of
               the
               Sap
               ,
               but
               they
               do
               not
               much
               advance
               ;
               for
               the
               Scutcheon
               not
               shooting
               till
               August
               ,
               the
               sprout
               is
               nothing
               so
               fair
               as
               that
               of
               the
               close
               Eye
               or
               shut
               Bud
               ,
               since
               it
               is
               frequently
               found
               that
               the
               wood
               of
               the
               new
               shoot
               never
               ripens
               ,
               and
               the
               Winter
               approaching
               kills
               it
               ;
               and
               therefore
               I
               counsel
               you
               not
               to
               inoculate
               so
               early
               ,
               unlesse
               the
               necessitie
               be
               very
               urgent
               .
            
             
               
                 In
                 the
                 Cleft
                 .
              
               In
               the
               Cleft
               or
               Stock
               ,
               all
               sorts
               of
               trees
               from
               one
               inch
               bignesse
               to
               the
               greatest
               that
               are
               may
               be
               graffed
               :
               The
               most
               proper
               Season
               for
               it
               ,
               is
               from
               the
               beginning
               of
               the
               new
               moon
               in
               February
               ,
               till
               the
               Sap
               (
               becoming
               too
               lustly
               in
               the
               tree
               )
               separates
               the
               wood
               from
               the
               bark
               ;
               for
               then
               you
               shall
               leave
               off
               graffing
               .
            
             
               When
               you
               graffe
               in
               the
               Cleft
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               to
               make
               Dwarfs
               ,
               you
               must
               first
               saw
               your
               Stock
               four
               inches
               ,
               or
               thereabout
               ,
               
               above
               ground
               ,
               and
               then
               with
               your
               Pruning-Knife
               pare
               off
               the
               surface
               of
               the
               wood
               ,
               where
               the
               saw
               has
               passed
               ,
               about
               the
               thicknesse
               of
               a
               Six-pence
               ,
               because
               the
               Track
               of
               the
               Saw
               leaving
               it
               rugged
               will
               hinder
               the
               Sap
               from
               healing
               the
               grated
               wood
               ;
               nor
               can
               the
               graffe
               joyn
               to
               its
               trunk
               unlesse
               the
               rinde
               be
               refreshed
               ,
               and
               cut
               to
               the
               quick
               with
               the
               knife
               .
               When
               this
               is
               done
               ,
               you
               shall
               cleave
               the
               Stock
               where
               the
               Bark
               appears
               most
               even
               ,
               and
               least
               knotty
               ;
               and
               observe
               ,
               that
               you
               never
               place
               your
               knife
               exactly
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               tree
               ,
               where
               the
               Pith
               and
               Heart
               of
               the
               wood
               is
               ,
               but
               a
               little
               towards
               the
               side
               .
               Then
               cut
               and
               fit
               your
               Graff
               ,
               sharpning
               all
               the
               old
               wood
               ,
               as
               far
               as
               the
               new
               in
               fashion
               of
               a
               wedg
               ,
               equal
               on
               both
               sides
               ,
               yet
               leaving
               the
               two
               rindes
               fast
               to
               the
               wood
               in
               the
               narrowest
               parts
               ;
               for
               if
               once
               they
               be
               separated
               ,
               your
               Graff
               is
               good
               for
               nothing
               :
               Then
               top
               your
               Graffe
               three
               
               or
               four
               inches
               ,
               more
               or
               lesse
               ,
               according
               as
               it
               will
               bear
               it
               ;
               for
               as
               much
               as
               upon
               a
               small
               stock
               one
               would
               not
               leave
               them
               so
               long
               ,
               as
               upon
               a
               great
               tree
               .
               Thus
               prepared
               ,
               you
               shall
               open
               the
               Stock
               with
               a
               small
               wedge
               made
               of
               some
               tough
               wood
               ,
               such
               as
               
                 Box
                 ,
                 Ebony
              
               or
               the
               like
               ,
               striking
               it
               in
               gently
               ,
               and
               then
               lodge
               your
               graffe
               at
               the
               edge
               of
               your
               Stock
               ,
               sinking
               it
               down
               as
               far
               as
               the
               new
               wood
               ,
               and
               place
               it
               so
               that
               the
               parts
               through
               which
               the
               Sap
               has
               intercourse
               (
               which
               is
               mutual
               'twixt
               the
               wood
               and
               the
               bark
               )
               do
               exactly
               correspond
               .
            
             
               Having
               thus
               lodged
               your
               Graffe
               ,
               you
               may
               place
               a
               second
               on
               the
               other
               end
               of
               the
               Cleft
               ,
               alway
               remembring
               to
               put
               two
               Graffs
               into
               every
               Cleft
               ,
               provided
               that
               you
               can
               so
               place
               them
               that
               they
               be
               not
               contiguous
               ;
               for
               by
               this
               means
               they
               will
               sooner
               recover
               their
               stock
               ,
               then
               if
               there
               were
               but
               one
               ,
               because
               the
               Sap
               ascends
               equally
               on
               both
               sides
               ,
               and
               preserves
               the
               back
               
               side
               of
               the
               rinde
               from
               withering
               ,
               as
               we
               have
               already
               said
               :
               After
               this
               you
               shall
               cover
               what
               remains
               of
               the
               Cleft
               ,
               'twixt
               the
               two
               Graffs
               ,
               with
               a
               little
               of
               the
               thinnest
               and
               most
               tender
               Bark
               ,
               joyning
               it
               accurately
               to
               keep
               the
               water
               from
               entering
               in
               :
               then
               you
               shall
               make
               the
               Hood
               with
               fine
               earth
               and
               Hay
               ;
               some
               cover
               the
               hood
               with
               mosses
               ,
               and
               with
               two
               short
               Willow-rinds
               laid
               '
               thwart
               one
               another
               ,
               bind
               them
               on
               with
               an
               Ozyer
               to
               the
               foot
               of
               the
               Stock
               ,
               to
               maintain
               them
               the
               more
               fresh
               ,
               and
               preserve
               them
               from
               the
               water
               .
            
             
               When
               you
               graffe
               upon
               great
               Trees
               ,
               you
               shall
               choose
               the
               smoothest
               and
               most
               even
               branches
               to
               place
               your
               Graffs
               upon
               ,
               if
               they
               be
               very
               big
               you
               may
               lodge
               four
               upon
               it
               ,
               making
               the
               Cleft
               in
               forme
               of
               a
               Crosse
               ,
               yet
               without
               touching
               the
               Pith
               of
               the
               tree
               ,
               the
               remanent
               branches
               which
               you
               do
               not
               graffe
               ,
               must
               be
               sawed
               off
               within
               half
               an
               inch
               of
               the
               Stem
               ,
               and
               
               then
               paring
               away
               the
               wood
               which
               the
               saw
               may
               have
               grated
               ,
               you
               shall
               swathe
               it
               about
               with
               Loam
               till
               the
               Bark
               have
               healed
               the
               wound
               ,
               to
               guard
               it
               from
               the
               scorching
               of
               the
               Summer
               ,
               and
               the
               frost
               of
               the
               winter
               ,
               which
               would
               exceedingly
               prejudice
               it
               ,
               by
               penetrating
               to
               the
               very
               heart
               of
               the
               tree
               .
               It
               will
               be
               good
               to
               apply
               some
               stayes
               to
               the
               branches
               which
               are
               graffed
               ,
               to
               strengthen
               the
               young
               shoots
               ,
               and
               secure
               them
               from
               the
               windes
               ,
               till
               the
               second
               year
               be
               past
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               are
               well
               established
               ;
               and
               if
               you
               finde
               any
               that
               grows
               disorderly
               ,
               you
               shall
               cut
               it
               off
               ,
               as
               also
               if
               they
               come
               too
               thick
               ,
               and
               choke
               one
               another
               ,
               by
               this
               means
               giving
               free
               Air
               to
               the
               tree
               .
            
             
               Upon
               your
               small
               
                 wilde
                 stocks
              
               ,
               which
               will
               support
               but
               a
               
                 single
                 graffe
              
               ,
               you
               shall
               cut
               the
               hinder
               part
               where
               you
               might
               place
               a
               second
               ,
               to
               the
               very
               heart
               of
               the
               stock
               ,
               slanting
               it
               in
               ,
               like
               that
               part
               of
               a
               Pipe
               which
               is
               applied
               
               to
               the
               nether
               Lip
               ,
               this
               will
               greatly
               contribute
               to
               its
               recovery
               .
               And
            
             
               When
               you
               graffe
               small
               stocks
               ,
               which
               have
               not
               strength
               enough
               to
               fasten
               their
               graffs
               ,
               you
               shall
               assist
               them
               ,
               by
               binding
               them
               about
               with
               some
               tender
               twig
               of
               an
               Ozier
               .
            
             
               Now
               ,
               albeit
               I
               did
               oblige
               you
               to
               choose
               a
               graffe
               with
               the
               
                 old
                 wood
              
               ,
               yet
               I
               would
               not
               have
               you
               to
               cast
               away
               that
               which
               is
               but
               of
               
                 one
                 Sap
              
               ,
               nor
               the
               cuttings
               of
               those
               where
               you
               took
               the
               graffes
               of
               the
               
                 two
                 Saps
              
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               excellent
               ,
               however
               they
               produce
               their
               fruit
               something
               later
               then
               the
               oher
               ,
               nor
               do
               they
               bear
               so
               great
               a
               burthen
               ;
               and
               therefore
               unless
               it
               be
               in
               case
               of
               necessity
               ,
               I
               would
               only
               use
               those
               which
               are
               of
               two
               saps
               .
            
             
               
                 Crown
                 .
              
               Graffing
               in
               the
               Crown
               or
               'twixt
               the
               wood
               and
               the
               bark
               is
               never
               practised
               ,
               save
               upon
               old
               trees
               ,
               whose
               rinde
               being
               very
               tough
               can
               indure
               the
               wedg
               
               without
               splitting
               ,
               and
               which
               will
               not
               suffer
               the
               cleaving
               (
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               thicknesse
               of
               the
               bark
               )
               but
               with
               much
               difficulty
               ,
               and
               besides
               it
               is
               a
               great
               hazard
               if
               it
               takes
               .
            
             
               To
               graffe
               in
               the
               Crown
               ,
               having
               sawed
               your
               tree
               at
               the
               place
               where
               you
               would
               graffe
               it
               ,
               and
               pared
               away
               the
               raggednesse
               which
               the
               saw
               hath
               left
               to
               the
               quick
               ,
               especially
               about
               the
               Bark
               ,
               you
               shall
               cut
               and
               sharpen
               your
               graffe
               but
               on
               one
               side
               ,
               then
               str●ke
               in
               a
               small
               
                 Iron
                 wedge
              
               'twixt
               the
               wood
               and
               the
               rinde
               ,
               and
               so
               taking
               out
               the
               wedge
               ,
               set
               in
               your
               graffe
               ,
               rinde
               to
               rinde
               ,
               and
               wood
               to
               wood
               ,
               to
               the
               full
               depth
               that
               it
               is
               sharpned
               .
            
             
               Thus
               you
               may
               place
               as
               many
               as
               you
               please
               about
               the
               Trunk
               ,
               provided
               that
               their
               number
               do
               not
               split
               off
               ,
               and
               cleave
               the
               Bark
               .
            
             
               
                 Approch
                 .
              
               To
               graffe
               by
               Approch
               it
               is
               very
               easy
               ;
               For
               you
               have
               only
               to
               take
               two
               young
               branches
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               free
               and
               graffed
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               of
               the
               
                 wilde
                 
                 stock
              
               ,
               without
               separating
               them
               from
               their
               Stems
               ,
               and
               then
               paring
               away
               about
               four
               fingers
               breadth
               of
               bark
               ,
               and
               wood
               till
               you
               approch
               neer
               to
               the
               pith
               ,
               and
               so
               marry
               them
               together
               as
               dextrously
               as
               't
               is
               possible
               ,
               tying
               them
               about
               with
               raw
               Hemp
               ,
               from
               one
               end
               of
               the
               Cut
               to
               the
               other
               ,
               and
               so
               let
               them
               remain
               for
               
                 two
                 Saps
              
               :
               then
               after
               a
               moneth
               or
               
                 six
                 weeks
              
               are
               expired
               ,
               if
               you
               perceive
               the
               wood
               to
               swell
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Ligature
               incommode
               them
               ,
               you
               shall
               cut
               it
               upon
               the
               wilde
               stock
               ,
               with
               one
               gash
               of
               your
               Knife
               ,
               as
               we
               taught
               you
               before
               on
               the
               Scutcheon
               .
            
             
               At
               the
               beginning
               of
               Winter
               ,
               you
               may
               cut
               and
               sever
               the
               
                 natural
                 tree
              
               from
               its
               stock
               ,
               and
               cut
               away
               the
               head
               of
               the
               stock
               within
               two
               inches
               of
               its
               graffe
               ,
               and
               thus
               these
               two
               twigs
               concorporating
               ,
               it
               will
               receive
               t●e
               nourishment
               of
               the
               
                 wilde
                 stock
              
               .
               R●member
               to
               cover
               the
               wounds
               of
               them
               both
               ,
               with
               the
               Wax
               ,
               which
               I
               shall
               
               hereafter
               instruct
               you
               how
               to
               make
               .
            
             
               You
               shall
               not
               cast
               those
               twigs
               into
               the
               fire
               which
               you
               cut
               off
               from
               the
               Quince
               ,
               which
               you
               graffed
               in
               the
               Cleft
               ,
               for
               you
               may
               reserve
               the
               cuttings
               ,
               which
               will
               strike
               root
               the
               first
               year
               ,
               and
               must
               be
               set
               in
               your
               Nursery
               to
               be
               graffed
               when
               they
               are
               ready
               ,
               and
               what
               you
               prune
               off
               from
               the
               
                 Q●ince
                 trees
              
               during
               Winter
               ,
               will
               be
               very
               good
               for
               this
               purpose
               .
            
             
               The
               Prunings
               of
               the
               
                 Pomme
                 de
                 Parradis
              
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               the
               Scion
               ,
               will
               also
               take
               in
               Layers
               .
            
             
               
                 Cuttings
                 Layers
                 .
              
               All
               sorts
               of
               Cuttings
               are
               to
               be
               planted
               in
               a
               small
               Trench
               ,
               such
               as
               we
               described
               in
               the
               Nursery
               ,
               which
               may
               be
               about
               the
               breadth
               and
               depth
               of
               a
               s●ade-bit
               :
               but
               first
               strip
               off
               the
               leaves
               ,
               and
               cut
               them
               slan●ing
               at
               the
               great
               ends
               ,
               in
               form
               of
               a
               Does
               foot
               ,
               and
               so
               you
               shall
               lay
               them
               at
               the
               bottom
               of
               your
               Trench
               very
               thick
               ,
               one
               by
               an●ther
               ,
               because
               there
               will
               many
               of
               them
               die
               ;
               and
               let
               their
               small
               ends
               
               appear
               above
               ground
               ,
               and
               so
               cover
               them
               ,
               and
               fill
               the
               Trench
               ,
               pressing
               it
               well
               down
               upon
               the
               Cutting
               ,
               that
               the
               Ayr
               do
               not
               enter
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               dress
               them
               ,
               cleanse
               them
               only
               with
               a
               haw
               ,
               that
               the
               weeds
               do
               not
               choke
               them
               ,
               and
               it
               will
               suffice
               .
            
             
               Then
               cut
               off
               the
               tops
               of
               your
               Layers
               all
               of
               an
               evennesse
               ,
               within
               three
               fingers
               of
               the
               ground
               ,
               and
               that
               especially
               when
               you
               perceive
               the
               Sap
               to
               be
               rising
               ,
               which
               you
               shall
               finde
               by
               the
               verdure
               of
               their
               Buds
               ,
               which
               never
               shoot
               when
               the
               Scion
               begins
               to
               take
               root
               .
            
             
               You
               may
               not
               cut
               ,
               or
               stop
               the
               first
               years
               Shoots
               ,
               fearing
               lest
               they
               put
               forth
               their
               Buds
               beneath
               at
               August
               ,
               which
               will
               hardly
               come
               to
               maturity
               :
               it
               were
               better
               stay
               till
               February
               ,
               and
               then
               leave
               them
               as
               the
               tree
               will
               best
               support
               it
               ,
               and
               in
               such
               places
               as
               you
               des●re
               they
               should
               shoot
               ,
               rubbing
               off
               such
               as
               pe●p
               before
               ,
               behinde
               ,
               and
               in
               other
               unprofitable
               places
               .
               
               This
               opposes
               the
               opinion
               of
               many
               ,
               but
               experience
               makes
               me
               persist
               in
               my
               own
               .
            
          
           
             
               SECT
               .
               VII
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Trees
                 and
                 Shrubs
                 in
                 particular
                 ,
                 how
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 governed
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Maladies
                 cured
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Trees
                 .
              
               I
               Thought
               it
               requisite
               to
               make
               a
               Chapter
               apart
               ,
               to
               comprehend
               in
               particular
               ,
               all
               that
               we
               have
               spoken
               in
               general
               ,
               in
               the
               several
               precedent
               Sections
               ,
               and
               that
               for
               the
               avoyding
               of
               confusion
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               end
               ,
               that
               in
               case
               there
               were
               any
               thing
               which
               might
               seem
               difficult
               to
               you
               (
               though
               I
               have
               much
               endeavoured
               to
               render
               my self
               intelligible
               in
               the
               simplest
               terms
               ,
               and
               the
               most
               vulgar
               that
               our
               Language
               will
               bear
               ,
               that
               I
               might
               be
               understood
               of
               all
               ,
               and
               profit
               them
               by
               it
               )
               I
               might
               more
               
               perspicuously
               explain
               it
               ,
               in
               particularizing
               all
               sorts
               of
               fruits
               ,
               which
               we
               in
               France
               do
               usually
               furnish
               our
               Gardens
               withall
               .
            
             
               
                 Pears
                 .
              
               I
               will
               therefore
               set
               Pears
               in
               the
               first
               place
               ,
               as
               those
               which
               of
               all
               others
               bear
               the
               most
               rarity
               of
               fruit
               ,
               and
               are
               the
               principal
               ornament
               of
               the
               
                 walls
                 ,
                 Contr
                 '
                 Espaliers
              
               and
               Bushes
               of
               a
               Garden
               ,
               from
               whence
               we
               may
               gather
               fruit
               in
               their
               perfection
               during
               six
               moneths
               of
               the
               year
               at
               least
               ,
               and
               for
               that
               it
               is
               a
               fruit
               which
               one
               may
               in
               great
               part
               keep
               till
               the
               new
               ones
               supply
               us
               again
               ,
               and
               that
               without
               shriveling
               ,
               or
               any
               impeachment
               of
               their
               taste
               ,
               a
               thing
               which
               we
               finde
               not
               in
               any
               other
               fruit
               besides
               .
            
             
               
                 Graffing
                 .
              
               All
               sorts
               of
               Pear-trees
               may
               be
               graffed
               after
               any
               of
               the
               four
               precedent
               manners
               ,
               but
               they
               succeed
               incomparably
               upon
               the
               Quince
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Scutcheon
               produce
               their
               fruit
               much
               earlier
               ,
               and
               that
               fairer
               ,
               ruddy
               ,
               and
               of
               greater
               size
               ,
               then
               when
               they
               
               are
               graffed
               upon
               the
               Free-stock
               ,
               excepting
               only
               the
               Portail
               ,
               which
               often
               misses
               taking
               upon
               the
               Quince
               ,
               and
               will
               therefore
               hit
               better
               upon
               the
               Free-stock
               :
               The
               Summer
               
                 bon
                 Chrestien
              
               and
               the
               Vallee
               are
               very
               fit
               for
               it
               ,
               and
               if
               they
               have
               been
               formerly
               graffed
               upon
               the
               Quince
               ,
               it
               is
               the
               better
               ,
               for
               it
               will
               render
               the
               fruit
               a
               great
               deal
               more
               beautiful
               ,
               and
               fair
               .
            
             
               And
               in
               case
               that
               any
               graffed
               either
               in
               Scutcheon
               or
               the
               Cle●t
               upon
               the
               Quince
               fortune
               not
               to
               take
               ,
               and
               that
               you
               conceive
               it
               to
               be
               dead
               ,
               let
               the
               stock
               shoot
               ,
               it
               will
               produce
               wood
               sufficient
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               clear
               of
               all
               the
               small
               branches
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               neer
               expiration
               of
               the
               winter
               following
               ,
               you
               shall
               earth
               it
               up
               at
               the
               ends
               in
               forme
               of
               a
               great
               Mole-hill
               ,
               leaving
               out
               the
               extreams
               of
               the
               branches
               ,
               without
               cutting
               them
               off
               ,
               and
               they
               will
               not
               fail
               to
               strike
               root
               the
               same
               year
               ,
               provided
               that
               you
               
               remember
               to
               water
               them
               sometimes
               during
               the
               great
               heats
               ,
               and
               that
               you
               do
               not
               suffer
               the
               rain
               to
               demolish
               the
               earth
               about
               them
               ,
               which
               must
               be
               continnally
               maintained
               in
               its
               first
               height
               ;
               and
               if
               in
               the
               same
               year
               ,
               you
               finde
               any
               of
               those
               branches
               strong
               enough
               inoculate
               them
               without
               any
               more
               ado
               ,
               unlesse
               you
               will
               choose
               rather
               to
               stay
               till
               the
               next
               year
               and
               graffe
               them
               all
               together
               ;
               every
               one
               of
               these
               will
               be
               as
               so
               many
               trees
               to
               your
               hand
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               plant
               in
               your
               Nursery
               ,
               the
               year
               after
               they
               have
               made
               their
               first
               shoot
               ,
               accurately
               separating
               them
               from
               the
               Mother-stock
               ,
               and
               cutting
               the
               ends
               of
               their
               great
               root
               aslant
               .
            
             
               Remember
               to
               graffe
               them
               conveniently
               high
               ,
               that
               your
               tree
               may
               have
               sufficient
               Stem
               ,
               and
               all
               that
               part
               which
               is
               in
               earth
               will
               abound
               with
               small
               root●
               ▪
            
             
               If
               you
               have
               any
               old
               Quince-trees
               ,
               
               and
               would
               raise
               young
               Suckers
               from
               them
               ,
               lay
               some
               of
               the
               branches
               in
               the
               ground
               ,
               and
               in
               one
               year
               they
               will
               be
               rooted
               :
               but
               in
               case
               you
               desire
               to
               produce
               a
               Tree
               at
               once
               ;
               you
               may
               effect
               it
               as
               I
               have
               already
               described
               it
               .
               The
               season
               of
               Laying
               these
               branches
               is
               all
               the
               Winter
               long
               ,
               till
               the
               Buds
               begin
               to
               spring
               ,
               provided
               that
               the
               earth
               be
               qualified
               .
            
             
               
                 Apples
                 .
              
               Apple-trees
               challenge
               the
               second
               place
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               likewise
               graffed
               after
               all
               the
               four
               wayes
               ,
               they
               succeed
               very
               well
               upon
               the
               Scion
               of
               the
               Pear-main
               grafted
               on
               Layers
               of
               the
               tree
               (
               called
               by
               the
               French
               *
               
                 Pommier
                 de
                 Parradis
              
               )
               and
               in
               particular
               the
               Queen-apple
               do●s
               wonderfully
               prosper
               upon
               it
               ,
               and
               is
               more
               red
               within
               ,
               then
               those
               which
               are
               graffed
               upon
               the
               Free-stock
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               some
               curious
               persons
               who
               graffe
               the
               Q●een-apple
               upon
               the
               white
               Mulbery
               ,
               and
               hold
               that
               the
               fruit
               does
               surpasse
               in
               rednesse
               ,
               all
               
               others
               that
               are
               graffed
               ,
               either
               on
               the
               Free-stock
               ,
               or
               the
               forementioned
               Scion
               :
               but
               my
               opinion
               is
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               the
               age
               of
               the
               trees
               only
               which
               imparts
               that
               colour
               to
               them
               .
            
             
               
                 Plum.
                 
              
               Plum-trees
               are
               ordinarily
               graffed
               in
               Scutcheon
               and
               in
               the
               Cleft
               ,
               if
               you
               have
               any
               stocks
               rais'd
               from
               the
               stones
               ,
               or
               the
               Suckers
               which
               spring
               from
               the
               Damask-Plum
               ,
               they
               will
               yield
               very
               good
               trees
               ,
               and
               bring
               abundance
               of
               fruit
               ,
               there
               being
               no
               Plum
               whatsoever
               which
               bears
               so
               full
               as
               the
               Damask
               .
            
             
               The
               Wilde-Plum
               (
               which
               you
               shall
               know
               by
               the
               rednesse
               of
               the
               ends
               of
               the
               branches
               )
               is
               not
               fit
               at
               all
               to
               graffe
               upon
               ,
               for
               it
               rejects
               many
               kinds
               of
               fruits
               ,
               and
               is
               besides
               very
               uncertain
               to
               take
               .
            
             
               Your
               old
               Plum-trees
               ,
               whose
               small
               twigs
               grow
               in
               bundles
               and
               puckles
               ,
               may
               be
               recovered
               and
               made
               young
               again
               ,
               by
               taking
               off
               the
               head
               of
               them
               at
               the
               end
               of
               winter
               ;
               they
               
               will
               shoot
               anew
               ,
               and
               bear
               fruit
               the
               very
               year
               following
               :
               but
               you
               must
               cloame
               the
               heads
               of
               the
               wounded
               branches
               ,
               and
               refresh
               the
               tract
               of
               the
               Saw
               ,
               as
               I
               directed
               you
               before
               .
            
             
               
                 Abricots
                 .
              
               Abricots
               are
               grafted
               either
               in
               the
               Stock
               ,
               or
               in
               the
               Bud
               ,
               upon
               plants
               springing
               of
               their
               own
               stones
               ,
               and
               also
               upon
               a
               Plum-stock
               ,
               but
               the
               
                 white
                 Pear-plum
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Moyend
                 '
                 oeuf
              
               make
               a
               very
               fair
               Abricot
               ,
               and
               much
               larger
               then
               upon
               any
               other
               sort
               of
               Plum.
               
            
             
               
                 Peaches
                 .
              
               Peaches
               ,
               Perses
               and
               *
               Pavies
               ,
               are
               ordinarily
               graffed
               by
               inoculation
               upon
               a
               
                 Peach
                 ,
                 Plum
              
               ,
               or
               Almond
               tree
               ,
               but
               I
               prefer
               the
               Plum
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               of
               longer
               continuance
               ,
               and
               do
               better
               resist
               the
               Frosts
               ,
               and
               the
               pernicious
               winds
               ,
               which
               shrivel
               and
               rust
               the
               leaves
               ,
               and
               the
               young
               shoots
               .
               The
               
                 white
                 Plum
              
               ,
               or
               Poictrons
               are
               not
               at
               all
               proper
               ,
               but
               the
               
                 black
                 Damask
              
               ,
               *
               Cyprus
               ,
               and
               *
               
                 St.
                 Iulian.
              
               Such
               as
               are
               budded
               on
               the
               Peach
               do
               not
               last
               ,
               upon
               the
               Almond
               somewhat
               longer
               ,
               
               and
               produce
               more
               abundance
               and
               much
               better
               fruit
               :
               but
               there
               is
               so
               much
               difficulty
               of
               governing
               the
               Almond-tree
               in
               our
               Climate
               ,
               that
               one
               had
               better
               content
               himself
               with
               Plum-stocks
               ;
               for
               the
               Almond
               is
               very
               impatient
               of
               Transplantation
               ,
               and
               in
               great
               danger
               of
               perishing
               ,
               if
               you
               remove
               him
               not
               the
               first
               ,
               or
               second
               year
               at
               farthest
               ,
               after
               he
               has
               made
               the
               first
               shoot
               :
               and
               besides
               ,
               you
               must
               be
               sure
               to
               place
               him
               where
               he
               is
               ever
               to
               abide
               ,
               and
               bud
               him
               there
               ,
               without
               thought
               of
               stirring
               him
               afterwards
               .
               The
               Almond-tree
               is
               of
               all
               others
               the
               most
               obnoxious
               to
               Frosts
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               his
               early
               blossoming
               ;
               all
               the
               good
               in
               him
               is
               this
               ,
               that
               he
               never
               sends
               forth
               any
               Suckers
               from
               the
               Root
               .
            
             
               
                 Cherries
                 .
              
               Cherries
               ,
               Bigarreaux
               and
               the
               like
               fruits
               are
               better
               propagated
               on
               the
               small
               wilde
               ,
               or
               
                 bitter
                 Cherrie
              
               ,
               then
               upon
               the
               Suckers
               which
               spring
               from
               the
               roots
               of
               other
               Cherrie-trees
               of
               a
               
               better
               kinde
               ,
               though
               tollerable
               in
               defect
               of
               the
               other
               :
               and
               the
               right
               season
               to
               bud
               them
               ,
               is
               ,
               when
               the
               fruit
               begins
               to
               blush
               ,
               and
               take
               colour
               .
            
             
               They
               do
               very
               well
               graffed
               in
               the
               stock
               ,
               and
               shoot
               wonderfully
               ,
               but
               the
               Bud
               is
               much
               to
               be
               preserved
               .
            
             
               They
               have
               of
               late
               found
               out
               an
               expedient
               to
               prevent
               the
               Gumme
               which
               incommodes
               the
               graffes
               and
               Clefts
               of
               Cherry-trees
               ,
               to
               which
               they
               are
               wonderfully
               obnoxious
               :
               and
               that
               is
               ,
               by
               sawing
               and
               paring
               the
               part
               smooth
               with
               a
               knife
               ,
               afterwards
               to
               make
               an
               incision
               of
               two
               inches
               length
               into
               the
               first
               and
               utmost
               rinde
               ,
               drawing
               it
               aside
               ,
               and
               separating
               it
               from
               the
               green
               some
               two
               inches
               long
               ,
               without
               peeling
               it
               quite
               off
               :
               Then
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               this
               length
               to
               make
               the
               Cleft
               lodge
               the
               graff
               ,
               and
               cover
               it
               with
               this
               skin
               ,
               by
               replacing
               it
               ;
               and
               then
               swathe
               it
               ,
               as
               the
               custome
               is
               .
            
             
             
               For
               Stones
               and
               Almonds
               of
               all
               sorts
               ,
               which
               you
               would
               sow
               to
               produce
               natural
               fruit
               or
               graffe
               upon
               :
               prepare
               a
               Bed
               of
               Earth
               before
               Winter
               ,
               trench
               it
               ,
               and
               tread
               it
               ,
               then
               rake
               and
               water
               it
               :
               which
               done
               ,
               range
               all
               your
               Stones
               on
               it
               at
               three
               inches
               distance
               ,
               (
               every
               species
               apart
               )
               then
               lay
               as
               many
               boards
               upon
               them
               as
               wil
               cover
               the
               Bed
               ,
               and
               upon
               the
               boards
               a
               good
               quantity
               of
               weighty
               stones
               ;
               cover
               all
               this
               with
               new
               dung
               to
               prevent
               the
               Frost
               :
               the
               moneth
               of
               May
               following
               take
               up
               your
               boards
               :
               you
               shall
               finde
               your
               stones
               sprouted
               ;
               which
               you
               shall
               immediately
               take
               up
               without
               impeaching
               the
               Sprouts
               ,
               and
               so
               place
               them
               where
               you
               would
               have
               them
               remain
               :
               This
               is
               a
               particular
               which
               will
               extreamly
               satisfie
               you
               ,
               as
               in
               time
               you
               will
               finde
               .
            
             
               
                 Figs.
                 
              
               Figs
               of
               all
               sorts
               are
               propagated
               by
               Layers
               ,
               and
               suddenly
               bear
               fruit
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               facilitate
               by
               passing
               a
               fair
               branch
               through
               some
               Bushel
               
               or
               Bushels
               ,
               and
               environing
               it
               with
               rich
               earth
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               take
               root
               .
               But
               be
               careful
               that
               you
               fasten
               the
               Vessel
               very
               well
               to
               the
               side
               of
               the
               tree
               ,
               lest
               the
               windes
               and
               its
               own
               weight
               turn
               it
               over
               ,
               and
               ruine
               your
               Labour
               .
               You
               may
               also
               take
               the
               Suckers
               which
               spring
               out
               of
               the
               earth
               from
               the
               foot
               of
               a
               Fig-tree
               ready
               rooted
               ,
               or
               the
               Cuttings
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               cultivate
               and
               govern
               after
               the
               manner
               of
               Quinces
               ;
               but
               yet
               without
               cutting
               off
               the
               tops
               of
               the
               branches
               which
               you
               so
               lay
               ,
               for
               this
               wood
               having
               a
               large
               pith
               ,
               is
               very
               subject
               to
               the
               iniury
               of
               winde
               and
               water
               :
               and
               the
               sooner
               you
               plant
               these
               trees
               in
               the
               places
               designed
               for
               their
               abode
               ,
               the
               better
               they
               will
               take
               .
               Winter
               past
               ,
               gather
               off
               all
               the
               
                 unripe
                 Figs
              
               before
               they
               fall
               off
               themselves
               ,
               for
               if
               they
               stay
               till
               they
               spontaneously
               quit
               the
               trees
               ,
               they
               will
               have
               exhausted
               them
               very
               much
               of
               their
               Sap
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               prejudice
               of
               the
               
               Figs
               which
               are
               to
               succeed
               them
               ,
               and
               which
               by
               neglecting
               this
               do
               oftentimes
               never
               arrive
               to
               their
               maturity
               .
               And
               forasmuch
               as
               the
               Fig-tree
               does
               very
               much
               suffer
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               Frosts
               ,
               you
               are
               obliged
               to
               plant
               them
               in
               a
               warm
               place
               ,
               or
               in
               Cases
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               remove
               and
               house
               with
               your
               Orange-trees
               in
               the
               Winter
               .
            
             
               Mulberies
               take
               likewise
               of
               Cuttings
               and
               Layers
               ,
               pricking
               them
               in
               a
               moyst
               place
               ,
               half
               a
               ●oot
               profound
               ,
               not
               permitting
               above
               three
               fingers
               of
               the
               tops
               to
               peer
               out
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               and
               treading
               it
               down
               with
               your
               feet
               as
               you
               should
               do
               Quinces
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               would
               sowe
               Mulberies
               ,
               to
               produce
               a
               great
               quantity
               in
               a
               little
               ground
               ;
               take
               an
               old
               Well-rope
               ,
               which
               is
               made
               of
               a
               certain
               wood
               called
               the
               Bline
               ,
               easy
               to
               be
               twisted
               ,
               and
               rub
               it
               with
               such
               ripe
               Mulberies
               as
               you
               finde
               fallen
               off
               the
               tree
               ;
               bury
               this
               Cord
               four
               fingers
               deep
               in
               a
               
               trench
               ,
               cover
               it
               with
               earth
               :
               and
               the
               next
               year
               you
               shall
               have
               Trees
               enough
               both
               to
               store
               your
               self
               and
               your
               Friends
               .
            
             
               
                 Oranges
                 .
                 Limmons
                 .
              
               Concerning
               Orange
               and
               Limmon-Trees
               ,
               I
               shall
               only
               deliver
               the
               principal
               and
               most
               ordinary
               government
               of
               them
               ,
               which
               is
               to
               sowe
               their
               Repins
               in
               Boxes
               ,
               and
               when
               they
               are
               two
               years
               old
               ,
               transplant
               them
               in
               Cases
               ,
               every
               one
               in
               a
               Case
               by
               it self
               ,
               filled
               with
               rich
               Mellon
               -
               bed-mould
               ,
               mingled
               with
               Loam
               refined
               and
               matur'd
               by
               one
               winter
               ,
               and
               when
               they
               can
               well
               support
               it
               ,
               you
               may
               either
               inoculate
               ,
               or
               graffe
               them
               by
               Approch
               in
               the
               Spring
               of
               the
               year
               :
               Above
               all
               things
               ,
               be
               diligent
               to
               secure
               them
               from
               cold
               ,
               and
               commit
               them
               early
               to
               their
               shelter
               ,
               where
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               intirely
               be
               preserved
               from
               the
               Frost
               ,
               you
               may
               give
               them
               a
               gentle
               Stove
               ,
               and
               attemper
               the
               Air
               with
               a
               fire
               of
               Charcoal
               ,
               during
               the
               extream
               rigour
               of
               the
               Winter
               ,
               in
               
               case
               you
               suspect
               the
               Frost
               has
               at
               all
               invaded
               them
               .
            
             
               But
               so
               soon
               as
               the
               Spring
               appears
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Frosts
               are
               intirely
               past
               ,
               you
               may
               acquaint
               them
               with
               the
               Air
               by
               degrees
               ,
               beginning
               first
               to
               open
               the
               doors
               of
               the
               Conservatory
               in
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               day
               ,
               and
               shutting
               them
               again
               at
               night
               ,
               and
               so
               by
               little
               and
               little
               you
               may
               set
               open
               the
               windowes
               ,
               and
               shut
               them
               again
               in
               the
               evening
               ,
               till
               all
               danger
               is
               past
               ,
               and
               then
               you
               may
               bring
               them
               forth
               ,
               and
               expose
               them
               boldly
               to
               the
               Ayr
               during
               all
               the
               Summer
               following
               .
            
             
               As
               these
               trees
               grow
               big
               ,
               you
               may
               change
               and
               enlarge
               their
               Cases
               ,
               but
               be
               sure
               to
               take
               them
               out
               earth
               and
               all
               ,
               razing
               the
               stringy
               and
               fiberous
               roots
               ,
               a
               little
               with
               a
               knife
               ,
               before
               you
               replace
               them
               ,
               and
               supplying
               what
               their
               new
               Cases
               may
               want
               ,
               with
               the
               fore-described
               mould
               :
               Some
               when
               they
               alter
               their
               Cases
               denude
               them
               of
               all
               the
               earth
               ,
               conceiving
               
               it
               exhausted
               and
               insipid
               :
               but
               it
               is
               to
               the
               extream
               prejudice
               of
               the
               Tree
               ,
               and
               does
               set
               it
               so
               far
               back
               ,
               that
               a
               year
               or
               two
               will
               hardly
               recover
               it
               .
            
             
               You
               may
               gather
               the
               Flowers
               every
               day
               ,
               to
               prevent
               their
               knotting
               into
               fruit
               ,
               or
               (
               being
               too
               luxurious
               )
               their
               languishing
               ;
               it
               will
               suffice
               therefore
               that
               you
               spare
               some
               of
               the
               fairest
               ,
               and
               best
               placed
               for
               fruit
               ,
               and
               of
               them
               as
               many
               as
               you
               conceive
               the
               tree
               can
               well
               nourish
               .
            
             
               The
               Spiders
               do
               extreamly
               affect
               to
               spread
               their
               Toyles
               among
               the
               branches
               and
               leaves
               of
               this
               Tree
               ,
               because
               the
               flies
               so
               much
               frequent
               their
               flowers
               and
               leaves
               ,
               which
               attract
               them
               with
               their
               redolency
               and
               juice
               ,
               and
               to
               remedy
               this
               ,
               use
               such
               a
               Brush
               as
               is
               made
               to
               cleanse
               pictures
               withal
               ,
               from
               the
               dust
               ,
               but
               treat
               them
               tenderly
               .
            
             
               
                 Shrubs
                 .
              
               Arbusts
               and
               all
               Shrubs
               ,
               such
               as
               
                 Pome-granads
                 ,
                 Iassemins
                 ,
                 Musk-Roses
              
               ,
               &c.
               
               
                 Woodbines
                 ,
                 Myrtles
              
               ,
               ordinary
               
                 Laurel
                 ,
                 Cherry-Laurel
                 ,
                 R●se-Laurel
                 ,
                 
                 Althea-frutex
                 ,
                 Lilac
                 ,
                 Guelder-Roses
                 ,
                 Phylirea
                 ,
                 Alaternus
                 ,
              
               and
               divers
               more
               superfluous
               to
               repeat
               here
               ;
               Of
               these
               we
               will
               only
               take
               the
               principal
               ,
               and
               discourse
               a
               little
               upon
               them
               .
            
             
               
                 Granads
                 .
              
               Granads
               ,
               as
               well
               those
               which
               bear
               the
               
                 double
                 Flower
              
               ,
               are
               propagated
               from
               Layers
               ,
               letting
               them
               passe
               the
               year
               in
               the
               ground
               ,
               they
               will
               be
               sufficiently
               rooted
               before
               winter
               ,
               to
               be
               transplanted
               :
               You
               may
               likewise
               govern
               their
               branches
               and
               cuttings
               as
               you
               did
               the
               Quince
               .
               They
               may
               be
               either
               budded
               ,
               or
               graffed
               in
               the
               Cleft
               in
               the
               ordinary
               season
               :
               And
               some
               plant
               them
               in
               Cases
               to
               preserve
               them
               in
               the
               house
               during
               Winter
               ;
               but
               they
               will
               endure
               without
               doors
               ,
               planted
               against
               some
               well-sheltered
               Wall
               ,
               where
               they
               will
               prosper
               very
               well
               .
               The
               Granads
               which
               they
               call
               
                 de
                 Raguignan
              
               ,
               are
               most
               beautiful
               ,
               very
               glowing
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               rich
               taste
               ,
               although
               something
               lesse
               .
            
             
             
               If
               your
               Pome-granads
               run
               out
               too
               exuberant
               ,
               and
               neither
               knot
               ,
               nor
               preserve
               their
               fruit
               ;
               it
               proceeds
               from
               the
               drouth
               of
               the
               ground
               ;
               and
               therefore
               being
               in
               flower
               ,
               you
               should
               water
               them
               ,
               and
               their
               flowers
               will
               stop
               and
               knit
               .
            
             
               
                 Jass●mine
              
               Common
               
                 white
                 Iassemine
              
               ,
               and
               yellow
               ,
               are
               produced
               also
               by
               Layers
               ,
               out
               of
               which
               you
               may
               draw
               a
               rooted
               plant
               whereon
               to
               graffe
               the
               
                 Spanish
                 Iassemine
              
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               preserve
               in
               Cases
               ,
               and
               house
               with
               your
               Oranges
               in
               Winter
               ;
               you
               shall
               cut
               it
               every
               year
               ,
               (
               at
               the
               end
               of
               Winter
               )
               neer
               the
               graft
               ,
               leaving
               but
               one
               Bud
               at
               a
               twig
               to
               produce
               young
               shoots
               for
               flowers
               :
               You
               may
               form
               the
               Plant
               like
               the
               head
               of
               an
               Ozier
               ,
               leaving
               it
               only
               a
               foot
               high
               at
               the
               Stem
               :
               You
               may
               graffe
               it
               in
               Cleft
               ,
               upon
               a
               shoot
               of
               the
               precedent
               year
               ,
               placing
               the
               Graffe
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Pith
               of
               its
               stock
               ,
               and
               inveloping
               it
               with
               your
               Cerecloth
               ,
               head
               it
               as
               you
               do
               other
               
               graffes
               :
               If
               you
               will
               plant
               it
               abroad
               against
               some
               wall
               expos'd
               to
               the
               East
               or
               South
               ,
               you
               may
               govern
               it
               as
               you
               do
               the
               Vine
               ,
               making
               small
               heads
               at
               each
               knot
               :
               but
               you
               must
               loosen
               it
               from
               the
               wall
               in
               Winter
               ,
               and
               gently
               bend
               it
               towards
               the
               ground
               ,
               the
               more
               commodiously
               to
               cover
               it
               with
               Mats
               and
               long
               dung
               till
               the
               Spring
               ,
               at
               what
               time
               you
               may
               redress
               ,
               prune
               and
               apply
               it
               to
               the
               wall
               as
               before
               .
            
             
               
                 Musk-rose
              
               The
               Musk-Rose
               may
               be
               budded
               upon
               a
               Sweet-brier
               ,
               and
               are
               easily
               ordered
               ;
               for
               you
               need
               onely
               discharge
               them
               of
               the
               
                 dead
                 wood
              
               ,
               and
               stop
               the
               young
               shoots
               which
               are
               too
               exuberant
               ,
               and
               draw
               away
               all
               the
               sap
               to
               the
               prejudice
               of
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               branches
               :
               You
               may
               also
               lay
               them
               in
               the
               ground
               ,
               and
               separate
               other
               trees
               from
               them
               ;
               or
               the
               Cuttings
               ordered
               like
               Quinces
               ,
               and
               interred
               in
               the
               shade
               .
            
             
               
                 Myrtl●s
                 .
                 Laurels
                 .
              
               
                 Myrtles
                 ,
                 Cherry-Laurels
              
               and
               Rose-Laurels
               ,
               are
               produced
               of
               Layers
               .
               It
               
               is
               sufficient
               that
               it
               be
               done
               a
               little
               before
               August
               ;
               but
               you
               should
               cleave
               or
               wound
               that
               part
               of
               the
               wood
               a
               little
               which
               you
               plunge
               into
               the
               ground
               ,
               at
               some
               joynt
               ,
               cleaving
               it
               half
               the
               thicknesse
               of
               the
               branch
               ,
               and
               three
               or
               four
               fingers
               in
               length
               ,
               according
               as
               it
               is
               in
               strength
               ,
               and
               in
               
                 six
                 weeks
              
               they
               will
               shoot
               a
               sufficient
               root
               to
               be
               severed
               and
               transplanted
               ;
               Moreover
               they
               produce
               Suckers
               ready
               rooted
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               separate
               from
               their
               Mothers
               .
            
             
               You
               may
               forme
               Cherry-Laurels
               in
               Palisades
               and
               Hedges
               ,
               which
               support
               the
               winter
               abroad
               very
               well
               .
            
             
               Common
               Laurels
               are
               rais'd
               of
               Seed
               in
               Cases
               like
               Oranges
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               transplanted
               the
               first
               or
               second
               year
               ,
               and
               being
               planted
               under
               the
               drip
               (
               not
               the
               gutter
               )
               of
               a
               house
               shaded
               from
               the
               Sun
               ,
               they
               will
               flourish
               wonderfully
               :
               some
               cover
               them
               with
               Fearn
               or
               Straw
               ,
               to
               secure
               them
               from
               the
               frosts
               ,
               to
               which
               they
               are
               obnoxious
               .
            
             
               
                 Phyliriea
                 .
                 Alaternus
              
               
               Phylirea
               and
               Alaternus
               are
               sown
               likewise
               in
               Cases
               before
               Winter
               ,
               and
               set
               in
               the
               house
               ,
               where
               the
               Berries
               will
               come
               up
               and
               sprout
               a
               great
               deal
               better
               ,
               then
               if
               they
               had
               been
               sown
               at
               the
               Spring
               .
            
             
               By
               that
               time
               they
               are
               half
               a
               foot
               high
               you
               may
               transplant
               them
               ,
               and
               (
               if
               you
               please
               )
               clip
               and
               fashion
               them
               like
               Box
               without
               any
               danger
               ,
               shaping
               them
               into
               close
               walks
               and
               Cabinets
               ,
               upon
               frames
               of
               wood
               ,
               as
               you
               will.
               
            
             
               
                 Althea-frutex
                 .
                 Arbor
                 .
                 Judae
                 .
                 Lilac
                 .
              
               Concerning
               the
               rest
               ,
               as
               
                 Althea-frutex
                 ,
                 Arbor
                 Iudae
                 ,
                 Lilac
                 ,
              
               &c.
               being
               Plants
               which
               are
               easily
               propagated
               ,
               I
               shall
               pass
               them
               over
               for
               fear
               of
               swelling
               this
               Book
               ,
               and
               importuning
               the
               Reader
               .
               Let
               us
               conclude
               rather
               with
               the
               Diseases
               to
               which
               our
               Trees
               and
               Plants
               are
               obnoxious
               ,
               and
               speak
               of
               those
               Animals
               which
               incommode
               them
               .
            
             
               
                 Diseases
                 .
              
               Of
               all
               the
               Maladies
               to
               which
               Trees
               are
               subject
               ,
               the
               Canker
               is
               the
               
               most
               perilous
               ,
               for
               it
               chaps
               and
               mortifies
               that
               part
               of
               the
               Bark
               where
               it
               breeds
               ,
               daily
               augmenting
               ,
               unless
               prevented
               by
               a
               prompt
               and
               speedy
               Remedy
               ,
               so
               soon
               as
               it
               is
               perceived
               ;
               so
               that
               if
               you
               neglect
               to
               visit
               your
               trees
               ,
               you
               shall
               often
               finde
               them
               all
               dead
               upon
               one
               side
               :
               to
               remedy
               which
               you
               must
               launce
               and
               open
               the
               living
               Bark
               round
               to
               the
               very
               quick
               as
               deep
               as
               the
               wood
               ,
               and
               so
               the
               Canker
               will
               fall
               of
               it self
               :
               or
               else
               you
               must
               scrape
               it
               well
               ,
               that
               the
               bark
               may
               the
               more
               easily
               recover
               ,
               the
               sore
               ;
               and
               secure
               it
               from
               the
               Hail
               ,
               by
               covering
               it
               with
               a
               little
               Cow-dung
               ,
               and
               swathing
               it
               with
               a
               clout
               of
               some
               Mosse
               .
            
             
               
                 Moss
                 .
              
               The
               Mosse
               which
               invades
               trees
               proceeds
               commonly
               from
               some
               occult
               and
               hidden
               cause
               ,
               which
               is
               ,
               when
               the
               roots
               encounter
               with
               a
               gravelly
               ,
               sandy
               or
               other
               bad
               mould
               ,
               so
               that
               they
               cannot
               penetrate
               to
               search
               for
               refreshment
               ;
               this
               burns
               
               up
               the
               Tree
               ,
               and
               spoils
               it
               of
               his
               leaves
               ,
               during
               the
               great
               hea●s
               .
               For
               this
               ,
               there
               is
               only
               this
               expedient
               .
               If
               it
               be
               a
               small
               tree
               ,
               you
               must
               take
               it
               up
               with
               as
               much
               mould
               about
               its
               root
               as
               possible
               ,
               and
               make
               a
               Pit
               for
               it
               four
               foot
               square
               ,
               filling
               the
               bottom
               with
               Mellon-bed-dung
               ,
               and
               the
               rest
               with
               rich
               earth
               ,
               and
               then
               replace
               the
               tree
               ,
               observing
               what
               I
               have
               already
               said
               ;
               and
               thus
               the
               tree
               may
               be
               taken
               up
               without
               any
               damage
               ,
               and
               will
               take
               again
               with
               ease
               ,
               provided
               that
               you
               be
               careful
               to
               preserve
               its
               Rootes
               from
               languishing
               and
               taking
               Ayr.
               But
               in
               case
               the
               tree
               be
               old
               ,
               you
               must
               bare
               the
               root
               before
               Winter
               ,
               and
               dis-interre
               the
               greatest
               roots
               half
               their
               thickness
               ,
               making
               a
               large
               Trench
               about
               the
               foot
               of
               the
               Tree
               ,
               and
               so
               let
               it
               remain
               all
               Winter
               (
               that
               the
               earth
               may
               become
               mellow
               )
               till
               the
               Spring
               ,
               when
               you
               must
               fill
               the
               apertures
               with
               well
               consum'd
               dung
               mixed
               with
               earth
               ,
               
               and
               especially
               about
               the
               Roots
               ▪
            
             
               You
               may
               take
               off
               the
               Mosse
               from
               great
               Trees
               with
               a
               Plane
               ,
               lightly
               paring
               off
               the
               dry
               Surface
               of
               the
               Bark
               ;
               and
               from
               smaller
               Trees
               with
               a
               blunt
               knife
               ,
               or
               some
               proper
               instrument
               of
               wood
               .
               The
               properest
               season
               for
               this
               work
               is
               after
               a
               soaking
               rain
               ,
               or
               great
               dew
               in
               the
               morning
               ;
               for
               whilst
               the
               great
               heats
               continue
               ,
               it
               cleaves
               so
               obstinatly
               to
               the
               trees
               ,
               that
               you
               cannot
               scrape
               it
               off
               without
               prejudicing
               the
               Bark
               ,
               if
               you
               would
               utterly
               eradicate
               it
               :
               Neither
               ought
               you
               to
               neglect
               this
               cure
               ,
               for
               the
               Mosse
               undisturbed
               doth
               daily
               augment
               ,
               and
               is
               the
               same
               inconvenience
               to
               Trees
               that
               the
               Itch
               is
               to
               Animals
               .
               If
               you
               water
               your
               Trees
               during
               the
               excessive
               heats
               ,
               and
               cover
               the
               roots
               with
               Fern
               ,
               or
               other
               mungy
               stuff
               ,
               it
               will
               preserve
               them
               from
               this
               disease
               .
            
             
               
                 Jaundies
                 .
              
               The
               Iaundies
               or
               Languor
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               perceive
               by
               the
               leaves
               of
               
               Trees
               ,
               proceed
               from
               some
               hurt
               ,
               which
               either
               the
               Mols
               ,
               or
               Mice
               ,
               may
               have
               done
               to
               their
               rootes
               ;
               or
               by
               the
               stroake
               of
               some
               spade
               or
               peradventure
               by
               the
               too
               great
               aboundance
               of
               Water
               which
               corrupting
               suffocates
               them
               .
               For
               redresse
               hereof
               you
               must
               uncover
               the
               roots
               intirely
               ,
               and
               visite
               them
               ,
               to
               see
               if
               they
               have
               received
               any
               prejudice
               from
               any
               of
               the
               forementioned
               accidents
               ;
               and
               in
               case
               you
               finde
               any
               galling
               or
               hurt
               upon
               a
               roote
               ,
               you
               shall
               cut
               it
               smooth
               off
               ,
               aslant
               ,
               above
               ,
               but
               neare
               the
               place
               ,
               and
               then
               strow
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               hole
               with
               some
               Chimny-soote
               to
               make
               these
               creatures
               abandon
               their
               haunt
               filling
               up
               the
               rest
               with
               rich
               mould
               ;
               and
               if
               the
               cause
               proceed
               from
               corrupted
               Water
               ,
               you
               must
               divert
               it
               with
               a
               trench
               .
            
             
               
                 Moles
                 .
              
               To
               take
               the
               Moles
               ,
               some
               place
               a
               Butter-Pot
               crosse
               their
               passage
               sinking
               it
               two
               fingers
               lower
               then
               the
               tract
               ,
               by
               which
               meanes
               they
               
               often
               fall
               in
               and
               perish
               .
               Others
               use
               a
               
                 pipe
                 of
                 wood
              
               of
               about
               two
               foot
               long
               ,
               and
               the
               bore
               as
               big
               as
               your
               wrist
               ,
               In
               this
               trunk
               is
               a
               small
               tongue
               of
               tin
               or
               thin
               plate
               of
               Iron
               within
               four
               fingers
               of
               either
               end
               ,
               which
               is
               fastned
               to
               the
               trunk
               with
               a
               wyer
               a
               little
               slanting
               at
               the
               bottom
               towards
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               pipe
               ;
               that
               so
               the
               Mole
               entring
               in
               ,
               and
               thrusting
               the
               tongue
               can
               neither
               get
               out
               at
               one
               end
               or
               other
               :
               You
               must
               place
               this
               trunke
               exactly
               in
               the
               Moles
               passage
               :
               Some
               to
               make
               them
               quit
               an
               obstinate
               haunt
               make
               a
               small
               hoop
               of
               elder
               ,
               which
               they
               six
               halfe
               a
               foot
               into
               the
               ground
               .
            
             
               But
               the
               most
               infallible
               way
               is
               ,
               to
               watch
               them
               in
               the
               Morning
               and
               Evening
               ,
               when
               they
               worke
               in
               their
               Hills
               ,
               and
               to
               fling
               them
               dextrously
               out
               with
               the
               spade
               .
               If
               you
               take
               any
               alive
               ,
               put
               them
               in
               an
               empty
               butterpott
               ,
               for
               they
               report
               ,
               that
               they
               will
               invite
               others
               by
               their
               cry
               ,
               who
               running
               
               through
               the
               same
               passage
               fall
               into
               the
               same
               pot
               and
               so
               are
               caught
               .
            
             
               They
               are
               destroyed
               likewise
               with
               Mole-graines
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               set
               of
               sharp
               
                 Iron
                 points
              
               ,
               skrewed
               upon
               a
               staffe
               ,
               which
               struck
               upon
               the
               hill
               when
               the
               mole
               is
               working
               ,
               does
               certainly
               pierce
               him
               through
               ,
               amaze
               ,
               or
               kill
               as
               you
               shall
               finde
               if
               you
               dig
               immediatly
               after
               it
               .
            
             
               
                 Mice
                 .
              
               Field-nice
               are
               best
               taken
               by
               making
               them
               a
               small
               hutt
               of
               ferne
               or
               straw
               ,
               like
               the
               cover
               or
               hack
               of
               a
               Bee-hive
               ,
               placing
               under
               it
               some
               vessell
               full
               of
               Water
               filled
               within
               4
               fingers
               of
               the
               brim
               ,
               and
               cover
               it
               with
               some
               husks
               of
               Oats
               to
               hide
               the
               water
               which
               will
               soon
               tempt
               them
               to
               wallow
               in
               't
               ,
               and
               ●earch
               for
               the
               grain
               ,
               and
               so
               drown
               themselves
               .
               It
               is
               good
               also
               to
               put
               some
               Wheat-ears
               or
               of
               oates
               ,
               which
               may
               hang
               near
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               vessell
               ,
               without
               touching
               it
               ;
               for
               the
               mice
               striving
               to
               come
               at
               the
               corne
               will
               fall
               into
               
               the
               water
               .
               Or
               you
               may
               Poyson
               them
               with
               Arsenick
               or
               Ratts-bane
               the
               powder
               of
               it
               mingled
               with
               grease
               ;
               but
               you
               may
               by
               this
               means
               endanger
               your
               Catts
               ,
               which
               finding
               and
               eating
               the
               dead
               mice
               will
               not
               long
               survive
               them
               .
            
             
               
                 Worms
                 .
              
               The
               Worme
               getts
               sometimes
               between
               the
               barke
               and
               body
               of
               a
               tree
               :
               if
               you
               can
               discover
               whereabout
               they
               lie
               ,
               you
               may
               soon
               draw
               them
               out
               without
               making
               any
               great
               incision
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               also
               another
               kind
               of
               small
               worme
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               the
               Nip-bud
               which
               breeds
               at
               the
               very
               poynt
               of
               young
               shoots
               ,
               and
               kills
               all
               their
               tops
               ;
               but
               these
               are
               easily
               destroyed
               ,
               for
               cutting
               the
               branch
               to
               the
               quick
               ,
               you
               shall
               be
               sure
               to
               find
               them
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               a
               Green-worme
               which
               devoures
               the
               young
               shoots
               as
               fast
               as
               they
               grow
               ,
               and
               those
               are
               very
               hard
               to
               un-nestle
               ,
               unless
               you
               daub
               them
               with
               quick-lime
               newly
               quinched
               ,
               
               which
               you
               may
               easily
               do
               with
               a
               small
               Painters
               brush
               .
            
             
               
                 Ants.
                 
              
               Ants
               and
               Pismires
               will
               forsake
               their
               haunt
               ,
               if
               you
               incompasse
               the
               stemme
               four
               fingers
               breadth
               with
               a
               circle
               or
               roule
               of
               Wooll
               newly
               plucked
               from
               a
               Sheeps
               belly
               ,
               or
               if
               you
               anoint
               it
               with
               tarre
               .
            
             
               But
               there
               is
               an
               other
               expedient
               more
               cleanly
               and
               not
               so
               difficult
               ,
               which
               is
               to
               make
               little
               boxes
               of
               cards
               or
               Pastboard
               pierced
               full
               of
               holes
               with
               a
               bodkin
               ,
               every
               box
               having
               a
               baite
               of
               the
               powder
               of
               Arsenick
               mingled
               with
               a
               little
               hony
               ;
               these
               boxes
               must
               be
               hung
               upon
               the
               tree
               ,
               and
               this
               wil
               certainly
               destroy
               them
               ;
               but
               you
               must
               be
               carefull
               that
               you
               do
               not
               make
               the
               holes
               so
               large
               that
               a
               Bee
               may
               enter
               least
               they
               poison
               themselves
               also
               .
            
             
               A
               Glasse-bottle
               with
               a
               little
               hony
               in
               it
               ,
               or
               that
               has
               had
               any
               other
               sweet
               liquor
               in
               it
               fastned
               to
               the
               Tree
               ,
               will
               attract
               all
               the
               Ants
               ,
               
               which
               you
               may
               stop
               ,
               and
               kill
               them
               ,
               by
               washing
               the
               bottle
               with
               a
               little
               hot
               water
               ;
               then
               carrying
               it
               to
               its
               place
               again
               rinced
               with
               a
               little
               sweet
               Syrup
               ,
               you
               will
               by
               this
               meanes
               intirely
               destroy
               them
               .
            
             
               
                 Snails
                 .
              
               Shell-s●ailes
               you
               may
               easily
               gather
               from
               behinde
               the
               leaves
               which
               grow
               neerest
               to
               the
               fruit
               which
               they
               begun
               to
               eat
               the
               night
               before
               .
            
             
               For
               yor
               shall
               find
               some
               fruit
               half
               devoured
               in
               one
               night
               ,
               insomuch
               as
               one
               would
               think
               it
               the
               work
               of
               some
               
                 Stotes
                 ,
                 Field-rats
              
               ,
               or
               Nut-mouse
               ,
               whereas
               indeed
               they
               are
               nothing
               but
               the
               snailes
               which
               in
               great
               numbers
               devonr
               as
               much
               as
               one
               of
               those
               animals
               .
            
             
               You
               should
               never
               pluck
               off
               the
               fruit
               which
               the
               Snails
               or
               other
               Vermine
               have
               begun
               ,
               for
               as
               long
               as
               they
               last
               ,
               they
               will
               not
               touch
               any
               of
               the
               rest
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Black
                 Snails
              
               (
               without
               shell
               )
               are
               easily
               gathered
               ,
               for
               they
               cleave
               
               to
               the
               leaves
               ,
               and
               feed
               upon
               them
               .
            
             
               
                 Woodlice
                 .
                 Earwigs
                 .
              
               As
               for
               
                 Wood-lyce
                 ,
                 Earwigs
              
               ,
               Martinets
               ,
               and
               the
               smaller
               insects
               which
               likewise
               infest
               Trees
               ,
               you
               shall
               place
               Ho●fs
               of
               
                 Bullocks
                 ,
                 Sheep
              
               or
               Hogs
               ,
               upon
               short
               stakes
               fixed
               in
               the
               Ground
               ,
               or
               upon
               the
               Ozyers
               which
               fasten
               your
               Palisades
               ,
               and
               wall-fruit
               ,
               and
               this
               Chase
               will
               employ
               two
               men
               from
               Morning
               break
               ,
               who
               must
               take
               them
               gently
               ,
               but
               speedily
               off
               ,
               and
               shake
               them
               into
               a
               kettle
               of
               scalding
               water
               ,
               which
               they
               are
               to
               carry
               with
               them
               ;
               or
               the
               other
               may
               bruise
               such
               as
               are
               likely
               to
               escape
               with
               some
               instrument
               of
               wood
               .
            
             
               
                 Cater-pillars
                 .
              
               Caterpillars
               are
               easily
               gathered
               off
               during
               all
               the
               Winter
               ,
               taking
               away
               the
               Packets
               which
               cleave
               about
               the
               Branches
               ,
               and
               burning
               them
               ;
               but
               if
               you
               neglect
               this
               ,
               till
               they
               are
               disclos'd
               ,
               you
               will
               not
               be
               able
               to
               destroy
               them
               without
               much
               difficulty
               :
               but
               in
               case
               you
               have
               not
               prevented
               it
               ,
               be
               diligent
               to
               take
               them
               whilst
               they
               
               are
               yet
               young
               ,
               when
               either
               through
               the
               coldnesse
               of
               the
               Night
               ,
               or
               some
               Humidity
               ,
               they
               are
               assembled
               together
               in
               heaps
               ;
               for
               otherwise
               ;
               when
               the
               Sun
               is
               hot
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               is
               
                 high
                 day
              
               ,
               they
               will
               have
               over-spread
               your
               Trees
               .
            
             
               And
               the
               destruction
               of
               these
               Vermine
               is
               so
               absolutely
               necessary
               ,
               that
               you
               shall
               quit
               all
               manner
               work
               to
               accomplish
               it
               ;
               for
               a
               Garden
               anoy'd
               with
               this
               plague
               but
               
                 one
                 year
              
               only
               ,
               shall
               resent
               it
               more
               then
               
                 three
                 years
              
               after
               .
            
             
               And
               now
               we
               will
               shut
               up
               this
               Treatise
               with
               the
               Receipt
               which
               I
               promised
               to
               give
               you
               of
               the
               Composition
               to
               cover
               your
               Graffs
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 composition
                 to
                 hood
                 your
                 Grafs
                 .
              
               Take
               then
               half
               a
               pound
               of
               new
               Wax
               ,
               as
               much
               
                 Burgundy
                 Pitch
              
               ,
               two
               ounces
               of
               ordinary
               Turpentine
               ,
               melt
               all
               these
               Ingredients
               in
               a
               new
               earthen
               Pot
               ,
               glazed
               ,
               sufficiently
               stirring
               it
               ;
               then
               let
               it
               cool
               at
               least
               twelve
               hours
               ,
               then
               break
               it
               into
               pieces
               ,
               
               and
               hold
               them
               in
               warm
               water
               half
               an
               hour
               ,
               where
               you
               must
               work
               it
               with
               your
               hands
               ,
               till
               it
               become
               very
               pliable
               .
               Or
               you
               may
               dip
               any
               Clouts
               in
               this
               Composition
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               cut
               them
               out
               into
               Plasters
               ,
               fitted
               to
               the
               wounds
               of
               your
               Trees
               ,
               which
               will
               lesse
               waste
               your
               store
               ,
               and
               not
               take
               up
               so
               much
               of
               your
               Composition
               as
               if
               you
               applyed
               it
               in
               morsels
               ;
               and
               you
               may
               make
               use
               of
               this
               Cerecloth
               to
               cover
               the
               Clefts
               of
               your
               Trees
               ,
               which
               gape
               between
               a
               Stock
               that
               hath
               two
               Graffs
               ,
               and
               secure
               it
               from
               the
               rain
               ;
               and
               you
               may
               winde
               it
               about
               the
               Hoods
               ,
               before
               you
               daub
               them
               with
               Loam
               and
               Hay
               ,
               and
               this
               will
               certainly
               preserve
               your
               graffs
               from
               all
               injuries
               of
               water
               whatsoever
               .
            
             
               
                 To
                 make
                 fruit
                 knot
                 .
              
               There
               are
               some
               so
               curious
               ,
               that
               to
               make
               their
               Fruit
               knot
               well
               ,
               and
               abide
               upon
               such
               Trees
               ,
               which
               spend
               all
               in
               Blossoms
               ,
               do
               make
               holes
               in
               divers
               parts
               of
               the
               Tree
               with
               an
               Auger
               
               of
               about
               a
               finger
               bore
               ,
               filling
               the
               hole
               again
               with
               a
               Pin
               of
               Oak
               ,
               which
               they
               beat
               in
               quite
               crosse
               the
               Tree
               .
               This
               they
               conceive
               does
               stop
               the
               fruit
               .
               You
               may
               experiment
               it
               if
               you
               please
               ,
               the
               labour
               is
               not
               great
               ,
               nor
               at
               all
               to
               the
               hazard
               of
               your
               Tree
               .
            
             
               
               
                 A
                 Catalogue
                 of
                 the
                 names
                 of
                 Fruits
                 known
                 about
                 Paris
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Pears
                   whose
                   Fruit
                   is
                   in
                   perfection
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Iune
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   Iuly
                   .
                
                 
                   SMall
                   Blanquet
                   .
                
                 
                   Hasty
                   Pear
                   of
                   several
                   sorts
                   .
                
                 
                   Musk-Pear
                   ,
                   or
                   Sept
                   en
                   gueule
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Musky
                   St.
                   John.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   In
                   Iuly
                   and
                   in
                   August
                   .
                
                 
                   THe
                   great
                   Amyret
                   .
                
                 
                   Lesser
                   Amyre●
                   .
                
                 
                   Little
                   John
                   Amyret
                   .
                
                 
                   Good
                   twice
                   a
                   year
                   .
                
                 
                   Camouzines
                   .
                
                 
                   Lady-dear
                   Muscat
                   .
                
                 
                   Lady-dear
                   Green.
                   
                
                 
                   Citron-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Cocquin
                   Rozat
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   Ladies
                   Thigh
                   .
                
                 
                   Madera-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Desgranges
                   yellow
                   .
                
                 
                   Two
                   headed
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Sweet
                   two
                   sorts
                   .
                
                 
                   Vacher
                   Rozatte
                   .
                
                 
                   Espargne
                   .
                
                 
                   Fine
                   Gold
                   long
                   Stalk
                   .
                
                 
                   Fine
                   Gold
                   of
                   Orleans
                   .
                
                 
                   Fine
                   Gold
                   ,
                   great
                   ,
                   round
                   and
                   Rosse
                   .
                
                 
                   Friquet
                   .
                
                 
                   Gloutes
                   de
                   Gap.
                   
                
                 
                   Magdalene
                   .
                
                 
                   Muscat
                   long
                   tayl
                   .
                
                 
                   Pearl
                   Muscat
                   .
                
                 
                   Great
                   Musky
                   white
                   and
                   yellow
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   great
                   Muzette
                   .
                
                 
                   Small
                   Muzette
                   .
                
                 
                   Perdreau
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Pearl
                   .
                
                 
                   Pernant
                   Rozat
                   .
                
                 
                   Province
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Pucell
                   of
                   Xainctonge
                   .
                
                 
                   Green
                   Royal.
                   
                
                 
                   Rozat
                   of
                   three
                   colours
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   Rozat
                   red
                   ,
                   straked
                   with
                   Green.
                   
                
                 
                   Rozat
                   Royal.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   King
                   of
                   the
                   Sommer
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Superintendent
                   ,
                   or
                   great
                   green
                   Musk.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   In
                   August
                   and
                   September
                   .
                
                 
                   THe
                   Amazon
                   .
                
                 
                   Amours
                   .
                
                 
                   Amydon
                   .
                
                 
                   Armentieres
                   .
                
                 
                   Balme
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Father
                   in
                   Law.
                   
                
                 
                   Fair
                   and
                   Good.
                   
                
                 
                   Sommer
                   Bergamotte
                   .
                
                 
                   Great
                   Blanquet
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Butter-Pear
                   of
                   August
                   ,
                   long
                   and
                   round
                   .
                
                 
                   Green
                   Butter-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Beuueriere
                   .
                
                 
                   Bezy
                   of
                   Mouuilliers
                   .
                
                 
                   Sommer
                   green
                   Bon-Chrestien
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   good
                   Micet
                   of
                   Coyeux
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Ugly-good
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   The
                   younger
                   Brother
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Rosy
                   Musk-flint
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Maidens
                   flesh
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Wax-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Citron
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Melt
                   in
                   mouth
                   .
                
                 
                   Rosy
                   Daverat
                   .
                
                 
                   Golden
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   White
                   Ladder
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Spicing
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Forrest
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Ditch
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Musky
                   Ant
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Mangy
                   Pears
                   .
                
                 
                   Rosy
                   Garbot
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Cake
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Giacçiole
                   of
                   Rome
                   .
                
                 
                   Long
                   Gillets
                   .
                
                 
                   Gracçioli
                   ,
                   or
                   Cowcumber
                   Pear
                   round
                   and
                   red
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Greasie
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Jealous
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Jargonelle
                   .
                
                 
                   Jouars
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   red
                   and
                   yellow
                   Balsam
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   Milan
                   Pears
                   .
                
                 
                   Muscadel
                   of
                   Piedmont
                   .
                
                 
                   Round
                   and
                   Rosie
                   Muscat
                   .
                
                 
                   Nançy
                   Muscats
                   .
                
                 
                   Summer
                   Novelet
                   .
                
                 
                   Summer
                   Onion
                   .
                
                 
                   Musky
                   Onionet
                   .
                
                 
                   D'
                   Or.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Red
                   Orange
                   of
                   Xainctonge
                   ,
                   red
                   and
                   very
                   great
                   .
                
                 
                   Yellow
                   Orange
                   ,
                   pennach't
                   with
                   red
                   like
                   a
                   Tulip
                   .
                
                 
                   Orange
                   knotted
                   .
                
                 
                   Flat
                   green
                   Orange
                   .
                
                 
                   Canarie
                   Palmes
                   .
                
                 
                   Perfume
                   of
                   Sommer
                   .
                
                 
                   Passe-good
                   of
                   Burgogne
                   .
                
                 
                   Pepin
                   .
                
                 
                   White
                   and
                   Red
                   Piedmont
                   .
                
                 
                   Sommer
                   Portugal
                   .
                
                 
                   Putes
                   ,
                   or
                   Pimp-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Xaintogne
                   Rosy
                   of
                   three
                   sorts
                   .
                
                 
                   Ingranad
                   Rosy
                   .
                
                 
                   Round
                   Rosie
                   ,
                   green
                   mixed
                   with
                   red
                   .
                
                 
                   Grey
                   Rosie
                   of
                   Xaintonge
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   Rosie
                   or
                   hasty
                   Butter-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Bloody
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Wilde
                   Sweeting
                   .
                
                 
                   Sorel
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Sugar
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   White
                   Sugar
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Treasurer
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Cheat-Liquorish
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Turky
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Valley
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Clown
                   of
                   Anjou
                   .
                
                 
                   Clown
                   of
                   Reatte
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   In
                   September
                   and
                   October
                   .
                
                 
                   AN●y
                   ,
                   the
                   English
                   Pear
                
                 
                   The
                   Goose's
                   Bill
                   .
                
                 
                   Long
                   and
                   green
                   Butter-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Caillouat
                   of
                   Champagne
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Musky
                   Calvill
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Cinnamon
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Cappon
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   long
                   Clairvils
                   .
                
                 
                   Sommer
                   Certeau
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Toad-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   The
                   Deans
                   Pear
                   ,
                   white
                   ,
                   or
                   St.
                   Michaels
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Thorn
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Fontarabie
                   .
                
                 
                   Galore
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Clove
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   round
                   Clove
                   .
                
                 
                   Grain
                   .
                
                 
                   Rozatte
                   Guamont
                   .
                
                 
                   High
                   Relish
                   .
                
                 
                   Jargonell
                   of
                   Autumn
                   .
                
                 
                   Rosie
                   Kerville
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Sawcy
                   Pears
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Lombardy
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Meilleraye
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Flies
                   Pear
                   ,
                   or
                   Soft
                   Butter
                   .
                
                 
                   Monsieurs
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Small
                   Melt
                   in
                   Mouth
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Muscat
                   .
                
                 
                   Mont
                   Dieu
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Moutieres
                   of
                   Daulphine
                   .
                
                 
                   Oignon
                   of
                   Xaintonge
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Poictiers
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Rebet
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Roland
                   ▪
                
                 
                   
                   The
                   great
                   Russet
                   of
                   Rheims
                   .
                
                 
                   Small
                   Russet
                   .
                
                 
                   Long
                   Rosy
                   poud'red
                   with
                   red
                   .
                
                 
                   Rosie
                   green
                   two
                   sorts
                   .
                
                 
                   St.
                   Michael
                   .
                
                 
                   St.
                   Samson
                   ,
                   or
                   Ditch
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Champagne
                   without
                   name
                   .
                
                 
                   Sausedge
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Rozatte
                   of
                   September
                   .
                
                 
                   Supreams
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Pear
                   of
                   three
                   tastes
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Found-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Vintage
                   Pears
                   .
                
                 
                   Ysambert
                   .
                
                 
                   Pear
                   Evelyn
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   In
                   October
                   and
                   November
                   .
                
                 
                   AMadotte
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Silver
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Bag
                   Pipe
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Ice
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   great
                   stalked
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Ugly-Good
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Lady
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   The
                   great
                   Mary
                   of
                   Amiens
                   .
                
                 
                   Messire
                   John
                   ,
                   green
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   grey
                   Messire
                   John.
                   
                
                 
                   My
                   Lords
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Autumn
                   Marrow
                   in
                   mouth
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Peach-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Noiron
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Virgin
                   of
                   Flanders
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   double
                   Virgins
                   .
                
                 
                   Robine
                   .
                
                 
                   King
                   of
                   Saulçay
                   .
                
                 
                   King
                   Musky
                   Pear
                   ,
                   all
                   yellow
                   .
                
                 
                   Autumnal
                   Saffran
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Seigneur
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Sun-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   So-good
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Vine-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Virgoulette
                   :
                   great
                   and
                   small
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   In
                   November
                   and
                   December
                   .
                
                 
                   ALeaume
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Musk
                   Long
                   Bergamo●s
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Round
                   Betgamots
                   .
                
                 
                   Bezy
                   D'
                   Hery
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   Carisy
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   double
                   Cartelle
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Burnt
                   Cat.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Charity
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Stopple-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Squib-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Spindle-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Girogille
                   ,
                   or
                   Venus
                   Nipple
                   .
                
                 
                   Our
                   Lady-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Autumn
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Winter
                   Virgins
                   .
                
                 
                   King
                   of
                   Autumn
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   peerlesse
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   White
                   Sucrin
                   .
                
                 
                   Black
                   Sucrin
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   In
                   December
                   and
                   Ianuary
                   .
                
                 
                   THe
                   Namelesse
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Gascogne
                   Bergamotte
                   .
                
                 
                   Musk-Bon-Chrestien
                   .
                
                 
                   Bonne
                   Foy.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Ugly
                   Morma
                   .
                
                 
                   Cadillac-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Certeau
                   Madam
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   Pear
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   world
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Pound
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Scarlet
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Fig
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Winter
                   flower
                   .
                
                 
                   Free
                   Royal.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   great
                   Mesnil
                   .
                
                 
                   Keville
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   dry
                   Martins
                   .
                
                 
                   Winter
                   Messire
                   John.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   white
                   Milan
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Onionet
                   with
                   a
                   short
                   stalk
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Orient
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Leaden
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Red
                   King
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Rosie
                   Saffran
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Rozat
                   of
                   St.
                   Denis
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Healthy
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Saulsig-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   wreathed
                   Pear
                   of
                   two
                   sorts
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Cheat
                   Knave
                   or
                   Ugly
                   good
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Priests
                   Load
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   In
                   Ianuary
                   and
                   February
                   .
                
                 
                   THe
                   Alençon
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Amber
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Lovers
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Bezy
                   of
                   Privillier
                   .
                
                 
                   Bezy
                   of
                   Quassoy
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Winter
                   Butter
                   P.
                   of
                   Xaintonge
                
                 
                   The
                   Butter
                   Pear
                   of
                   Yveteaux
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Bouvart
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Musk
                   Caillotet
                   ,
                   or
                   Curdled
                   P.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Caillouat
                   of
                   Varennes
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Winter
                   Rosie
                   Flint
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Carcassonne
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   great
                   Certeau
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Carmelite
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   small
                   hooked
                   Certeau
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Castle
                   Gontier
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Condon
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Little
                   Dagobert
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Dagobert
                   of
                   Miossan
                   .
                
                 
                   Dame
                   Houdette
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   red
                   Ladder
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Winter
                   Fine
                   Gold.
                   
                
                 
                   
                   Rosy
                   Florentine
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Fremont
                   ,
                   or
                   St.
                   Franceis
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Winter
                   Spindle
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Garay
                   of
                   Auxois
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Gourmandine
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   huge
                   Hongrie
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Incognito
                   of
                   Persia.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Winter
                   Legat.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   sweet
                   Limon
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   long
                   green
                   Pear
                   of
                   Berny
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Micet
                   .
                
                 
                   Winter
                   melt
                   in
                   mouth
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Fleshy
                   stalk
                   Muscat
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Mazeray
                   Muscat
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Winter
                   Bag-pipe
                   .
                
                 
                   Nanterre
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   O●gnon
                   of
                   St.
                   John
                   of
                   Angely
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Winter
                   Orenge-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Rose
                   Perigord
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   petit
                   Oing
                   .
                
                 
                   Plotot
                   ,
                   or
                   Squat
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Portail-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Prince
                   or
                   Bourbon
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Prince
                   of
                   Sillery
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   white
                   Rabu
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   The
                   great
                   and
                   little
                   Ratot
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Pear
                   Royal.
                   
                
                 
                   Rozatte
                   of
                   Xaintonge
                   .
                
                 
                   Rozatte
                   of
                   Mazuere
                   .
                
                 
                   St.
                   Anthony-Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Suisse
                   with
                   red
                   ,
                   green
                   ,
                   and
                   yellow
                   Cheeks
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Greening
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Valladolid
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Winter
                   Clown
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   In
                   February
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   following
                   Moneths
                   till
                   new
                   ones
                   .
                
                 
                   BEzy
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   latter
                   Bon-Chrestien
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   great
                   Chrestien
                   .
                
                 
                   Calo
                   Rozat
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Gallon
                   Oak-Pear
                   of
                   severall
                   sorts
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   double
                   Blossom
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   Gastelier
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   great
                   Kairville
                   .
                
                 
                   Liquet
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   long-liv'd
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   The
                   Long
                   green
                   pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Musk
                   pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Parmein
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Winter
                   Virgin.
                   
                
                 
                   Rille
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Winter
                   Saffran
                   pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   peerlesse
                   pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Thoul
                   pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   great
                   Found
                   pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   little
                   Found
                   pear
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Vignolettes
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Rath-ripe
                   Apples
                   .
                
                 
                   DAnquelles
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   White
                   Calvil
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Cleer
                   Calvil
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   red
                   Calvil
                   .
                   
                     
                       Queen
                       Apple
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   White
                   Camoise
                   .
                
                 
                   Carmagnolles
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   tender
                   Chesnut
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Clicquet
                   ,
                   or
                   Rattle
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   single
                   Short-Start
                   .
                
                 
                   Red
                   Short-start
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   great
                   Cushion
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   Round
                   Cushion
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   Long
                   Cushion
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   The
                   Apple
                   of
                   Hell
                   ,
                   or
                   black
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Scarlet
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Spicing
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   May-Flower
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Raspis
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   Giradottes
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Frozen
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   great-ey'd
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Jacob
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   Lugelles
                   .
                
                 
                   Magdalene
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Minion
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Snow
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   Our
                   Ladies
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Oblong
                   Lissee
                   .
                
                 
                   Orgeran
                   .
                
                 
                   Passepommes
                   or
                   Hony
                   meal
                   of
                   several
                   kindes
                   .
                
                 
                   Pommasses
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   white
                   Rambourg
                   .
                
                 
                   Red
                   Rambourg
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   hasty
                   Reinette
                   or
                   Pippni
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Royal.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Dewy
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   large
                   red
                   of
                   September
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   The
                   soft
                   red
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   St.
                   John
                   of
                   two
                   sorts
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   clustred
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Vignan
                   Court.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   March
                   Violet
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Keeping
                   Apples
                   .
                
                 
                   THe
                   great
                   ,
                   and
                   small
                   Apis
                   ,
                   or
                
                 
                   Appius
                   Claudius
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Apioles
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Parsly
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   Babichet
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   great
                   white
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   lcy
                   white
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Little-Good
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   white
                   Apple
                   of
                   Bretagne
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   red
                   Apple
                   of
                   Bretagne
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Cardinal
                   .
                
                 
                   Camuese
                   ,
                   or
                   Flat
                   Snout
                   .
                
                 
                   Winter-Chesnut
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Citron-Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Coqueret
                   of
                   several
                   sorts
                   .
                
                 
                   Hard
                   Short-Start
                   .
                
                 
                   Red
                   Short-Start
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   Russet
                   Short-Start
                   .
                
                 
                   Douettes
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Bretagne
                   Cloth
                   of
                   Gold.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Stranger
                   .
                
                 
                   White
                   Fenouill
                   .
                
                 
                   Red
                   Fenouill
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Yron
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   great
                   belly'd
                   Woman
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   High-good
                   .
                
                 
                   Horluva
                   .
                
                 
                   Jayet
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Judea
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   Malingres
                   ,
                   or
                   Maligar
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   Mattranges
                   .
                
                 
                   Winter
                   Passe-Pommes
                   ,
                   or
                   Hony-Meal
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Pigeonnet
                   .
                
                 
                   Pear-Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Raeslee
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Reinet
                   of
                   Auv●rgne
                   .
                
                 
                   Pippin
                   of
                   Mascons
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Grey
                   Reinet
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Flat
                   Reinet
                   .
                
                 
                   Robillard
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Winter
                   Reed
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Rose
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   The
                   Apple
                   without
                   Blossom
                   .
                
                 
                   Health
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Seigneur
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Vermillion
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Plums
                   early
                   and
                   late
                   :
                
                 
                   ABricots
                   .
                
                 
                   Abricotines
                   .
                
                 
                   Amber
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   great
                   Appetite
                   .
                
                 
                   Bessonne
                   or
                   Twin-plum
                   .
                
                 
                   All
                   Saints
                   ,
                   white
                   .
                
                 
                   Blosses
                   .
                
                 
                   Good
                   at
                   Christmas
                   .
                
                 
                   Prunella
                   of
                   Provence
                   .
                
                 
                   Citron
                   Prunellas
                   .
                
                 
                   White
                   Cherry-plum
                   .
                
                 
                   Red
                   little
                   Cherry-plum
                   .
                
                 
                   Round
                   Citrons
                   .
                
                 
                   Pointed
                   Citron
                   .
                
                 
                   Pigeons
                   Heart
                   .
                
                 
                   Cypres
                   .
                
                 
                   Almond
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   White
                   Damask
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   Great
                   double
                   Damask
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   latter
                   Grey
                   Damask
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   hasty
                   black
                   Damask
                   .
                
                 
                   Musky
                   Black
                   Damask
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Violet
                   Damask
                   .
                
                 
                   White
                   Date
                   .
                
                 
                   Red
                   Date
                   .
                
                 
                   Great
                   Dattille
                   .
                
                 
                   Datilles
                   .
                
                 
                   Black
                   Diapred
                   .
                
                 
                   White
                   Diapred
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Escarcelle
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   double
                   Flower
                   .
                
                 
                   High
                   Good.
                   
                
                 
                   Great
                   Imperial
                   .
                
                 
                   Round
                   Imperial
                   .
                
                 
                   Joinville
                   .
                
                 
                   Jorases
                   .
                
                 
                   Green
                   Peascod
                   .
                
                 
                   Maximilian
                   .
                
                 
                   Merveille
                   ,
                   or
                   Balsam
                   plum
                   .
                
                 
                   Mirabolans
                   .
                
                 
                   Mirabelles
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Looking-Glasse
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Egge
                   Yolk
                   .
                
                 
                   Yolk
                   of
                   Bourgogne
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   Monsieurs
                   Plum.
                   
                
                 
                   Montmiret
                   .
                
                 
                   Musk
                
                 
                   The
                   Passe
                   for
                   Velvet
                   of
                   Valency
                   .
                
                 
                   White
                
                 
                   Black
                
                 
                   Red
                   
                     
                       Perdrigon
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Late
                
                 
                   Green
                
                 
                   Great
                   Violet
                   .
                
                 
                   Poictron
                   .
                
                 
                   Small
                   Grape
                   Plum.
                   
                
                 
                   Queen
                   Claudia
                   .
                
                 
                   Cocles
                   Kidney
                   .
                
                 
                   Roche
                   Corbon
                   .
                
                 
                   Roman
                   .
                
                 
                   Latter
                   Round
                   .
                
                 
                   King
                   of
                   Bresse
                   .
                
                 
                   Little
                   St.
                   Anthony
                   .
                
                 
                   St.
                   Catharine
                   .
                
                 
                   St.
                   Cir.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   White
                   St.
                   Julien
                   .
                
                 
                   Black
                   St.
                   Julien
                   .
                
                 
                   Huge
                   Saluces
                   of
                   two
                   sorts
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Plum
                   without
                   Stone
                   .
                
                 
                   Simiennes
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   Black
                   Trudennes
                   .
                
                 
                   Red
                   Trudennes
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Vacation
                   Plum.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   black
                   Vintage
                   .
                
                 
                   Verdach
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Peaches
                   .
                
                 
                   GReat
                   Alberges
                   .
                
                 
                   Small
                   Alberges
                   .
                
                 
                   Alberges
                   of
                   Province
                   .
                
                 
                   Aubicons
                   .
                
                 
                   Almond
                   Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   Amber
                   Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   Angelicks
                   .
                
                 
                   White
                   forward
                   Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   Yellow
                   forward
                   Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   Great
                   Brignons
                   of
                   Bearn
                   .
                
                 
                   Musky
                   Brignons
                   .
                
                 
                   Cherry
                   Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   Corbeil
                   Peaches
                   .
                
                 
                   Winter
                   hard
                   Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   Double-Flower
                   Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   Gallion
                   Peach
                   very
                   fair
                   .
                
                 
                   Yellow
                   Pavie
                   .
                
                 
                   Magdalen
                   Pavie
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   Magdalene
                   Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   White
                   Mircoton
                   .
                
                 
                   Yellow
                   Mircoton
                   .
                
                 
                   Mircoton
                   of
                   Jarnac
                   .
                
                 
                   Nutmeg
                   Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   Parcouppes
                   ,
                   or
                   Gashed
                   Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   Pau-Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   Prune-Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   Pavies-Raves
                   .
                
                 
                   Peach-Rave
                   .
                
                 
                   Persiques
                   .
                
                 
                   Persilles
                   ,
                   or
                   Parsly
                   Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   Rossan
                   peach
                   .
                
                 
                   White
                   Scandalis
                   .
                
                 
                   Black
                   Scandalis
                   .
                
                 
                   Yellow
                   peach
                   .
                
                 
                   Troy
                   peach
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Fromentee
                   peach
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Violet
                   peach
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Cherries
                   ,
                   Heart-Cherries
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   BIgarreaux
                   .
                
                 
                   Red
                   Cherrie
                   .
                
                 
                   White
                   Cherrie
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   Double
                   Blossom
                   Cherrie
                   .
                
                 
                   Heart-Cherrie
                   .
                
                 
                   Preserving
                   Cherry
                   ,
                   great
                   .
                
                 
                   Sweet
                   Guin
                   Cherries
                   .
                
                 
                   White
                   Guin
                   Cherries
                   .
                
                 
                   Black
                   Guin
                   Cherries
                   .
                
                 
                   Merizettes
                   .
                
                 
                   Double
                   Blossom
                   Merizier
                   .
                
                 
                   Mountmorency
                   Cherry
                   ,
                   Short
                   stalk
                   .
                
                 
                   Rath-ripe
                   :
                   or
                   May.
                   
                
                 
                   Trochets
                   clustred
                   ,
                   or
                   Flanders
                
                 
                   Cherrie
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   All
                   Saints
                   Cherrie
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Figs
                   ,
                
                 
                   WHite
                   Figs.
                   
                
                 
                   Bourjassotes
                   .
                
                 
                   Bourno-Saintes
                   .
                
                 
                   Flower-Fig
                   .
                
                 
                   Gourravaund
                   of
                   Languedoc
                   .
                
                 
                   Marseilles
                   Fig.
                   
                
                 
                   White
                   Dwarfe
                   .
                
                 
                   Violet
                   Dwarfe
                   .
                
                 
                   Violet
                   Fig.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   Oranges
                   .
                
                 
                   BIgarrades
                   .
                
                 
                   China-Orange
                   .
                
                 
                   Spanish
                
                 
                   Genoa
                   
                     
                       Orange
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Portugall
                
                 
                   Province
                
              
               
                 
                   Limons
                   and
                   Citrons
                   .
                
                 
                   LImonchali
                   .
                
                 
                   Limoni
                   Cedri
                   .
                
                 
                   Limoni
                   Dorsi
                   .
                
                 
                   Limoni
                   of
                   Grarita
                   .
                
                 
                   Sweet
                   Limons
                   .
                
                 
                   Pommes
                   D'
                   Adam
                   .
                
                 
                   Poncilles
                   .
                
                 
                   Spada
                   Fora
                   with
                   Laurel
                   leaves
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Other
                   curious
                   Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   ARbutus
                   .
                
                 
                   Azarollier
                   ,
                   or
                   Neapolitan
                
                 
                   Medlar
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   Carob-tree
                   .
                
                 
                   Cornelian
                   .
                
                 
                   Jujuba
                   .
                
                 
                   Mirabolans
                   of
                   Africa
                   .
                
                 
                   Medlars
                   without
                   Stone
                   .
                
                 
                   Pistachia
                   .
                
                 
                   Berberies
                   without
                   Stone
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   
                     
                       READER
                       ,
                    
                  
                   
                     IF
                     in
                     this
                     Catalogue
                     of
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     I
                     have
                     either
                     mistaken
                     or
                     omitted
                     many
                     of
                     the
                     true
                     English
                     names
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     because
                     it
                     was
                     a
                     Subjection
                     too
                     insupportable
                     :
                     and
                     besides
                     the
                     
                       French
                       Gardiners
                    
                     themselves
                     are
                     not
                     perfectly
                     accorded
                     concerning
                     them
                     ;
                     nor
                     have
                     our
                     Orchards
                     ,
                     as
                     yet
                     ,
                     attained
                     to
                     so
                     ample
                     a
                     Choyce
                     and
                     universal
                     ,
                     as
                     to
                     supply
                     the
                     deficiency
                     of
                     the
                     Dictionary
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
           
           
             
          
           
           
             THE
             SECOND
             TREATISE
             .
          
           
             
               SECTION
               1.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Melons
                 ,
                 Cucumbers
                 ,
                 Gourds
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Kindes
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Melons
                 .
              
               SINCE
               Melons
               are
               the
               most
               precious
               Fruits
               that
               your
               
                 Kitchen
                 Garden
              
               affords
               ,
               I
               think
               it
               most
               proper
               to
               discourse
               of
               them
               in
               the
               Front
               of
               this
               Chapter
               ,
               &
               instruct
               you
               how
               you
               ought
               to
               govern
               them
               in
               this
               our
               Climate
               ,
               for
               which
               alone
               ,
               I
               have
               calculated
               all
               these
               observations
               passing
               by
               those
               which
               (
               differing
               from
               ours
               )
               may
               possibly
               fill
               you
               with
               doubt
               ,
               should
               I
               confound
               you
               with
               the
               manner
               how
               they
               order
               them
               in
               the
               hotter
               Countreyes
               ,
               different
               from
               ours
               ,
               more
               temperate
               ,
               and
               cold
               in
               respect
               to
               these
               delicate
               fruits
               .
            
             
               
                 Seeds
                 .
              
               
               In
               order
               to
               this
               intention
               of
               ours
               ,
               which
               is
               ,
               that
               we
               may
               have
               them
               excellent
               :
               You
               must
               diligently
               enquire
               after
               the
               best
               seeds
               ,
               such
               as
               you
               may
               procure
               out
               of
               Italy
               ,
               from
               
                 Lions
                 ,
                 Tours
                 ,
                 Anjou
                 ,
                 Champagne
                 ,
              
               and
               other
               places
               ,
               where
               men
               emulate
               one
               another
               who
               shall
               have
               the
               best
               Melons
               .
               Also
               to
               have
               of
               all
               the
               kindes
               ,
               
                 Sucrin
                 ,
                 Morin
                 ,
                 Melonnes
                 ,
                 Grenots
                 ,
              
               white
               ,
               wraught
               ,
               or
               Embrod'red
               ,
               Ribb'd
               ,
               and
               others
               ,
               even
               to
               the
               locking
               up
               of
               those
               seedes
               whose
               fruite
               has
               pleased
               you
               ;
               for
               some
               affect
               them
               of
               one
               tast
               ,
               which
               another
               will
               reject
               ,
               and
               hold
               worth
               nothing
               .
               One
               loves
               to
               eat
               them
               a
               little
               greene
               ,
               another
               would
               have
               them
               very
               ripe
               .
               And
               therefore
               you
               shall
               furnish
               your self
               with
               such
               kindes
               as
               are
               most
               agreeable
               to
               your
               tast
               ,
               and
               as
               thrive
               and
               ripen
               best
               in
               your
               ground
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               thing
               you
               must
               chiefly
               respect
               ;
               for
               oftentimes
               there
               comes
               such
               raines
               from
               August
               
               as
               uterly
               spoyl
               them
               ;
               depriving
               them
               both
               of
               
                 odor
                 ,
                 savor
              
               ,
               and
               colour
               ,
               filling
               them
               so
               with
               water
               that
               they
               are
               not
               to
               be
               eaten
               ,
               and
               ●ipening
               them
               so
               altogether
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               only
               ●it
               to
               be
               given
               to
               horses
               ,
               who
               extreamly
               affect
               them
               ;
               In
               briefe
               ,
               these
               rains
               spoyl
               ,
               and
               utterly
               destroy
               your
               Meloniere
               ,
               where
               you
               have
               bestowed
               so
               much
               care
               ,
               and
               the
               paines
               of
               five
               or
               six
               moneths
               are
               lost
               ,
               without
               gratifying
               you
               with
               the
               least
               of
               your
               hopes
               ;
               and
               therefore
               you
               should
               endeavour
               to
               have
               them
               early
               that
               you
               may
               prevent
               these
               inconveniences
               .
            
             
               In
               those
               Countryes
               where
               they
               raise
               great
               store
               with
               little
               trouble
               ;
               but
               plant
               them
               in
               the
               open
               ground
               ,
               as
               we
               do
               Cabbages
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               the
               rains
               come
               ,
               they
               give
               over
               eating
               them
               ,
               and
               think
               them
               as
               bad
               as
               poyson
               .
            
             
               
                 Plo●
                 .
              
               To
               begin
               then
               your
               Meloniere
               ,
               or
               Melon
               Plot
               ,
               you
               shall
               choose
               a
               
               place
               in
               your
               garden
               the
               most
               secured
               from
               pernicious
               winds
               ,
               which
               you
               shall
               close
               in
               with
               a
               Reede-hedge
               handsomely
               bound
               in
               Pannells
               ,
               which
               you
               shall
               set
               up
               with
               sufficient
               stakes
               or
               posts
               fixed
               in
               the
               ground
               ,
               and
               sustained
               ,
               lest
               the
               windes
               overturne
               them
               :
               To
               this
               Enclosure
               you
               must
               make
               a
               door
               ,
               which
               you
               shall
               keep
               under
               lock
               and
               key
               ,
               that
               none
               molest
               your
               Plantation
               ;
               and
               particularly
               to
               keep
               out
               Women-kinde
               at
               certaine
               times
               ,
               for
               reasons
               you
               may
               imagine
               .
            
             
               
                 F●gure
              
               The
               Figure
               at
               the
               Frontispiece
               of
               this
               treatise
               ,
               will
               easily
               instruct
               you
               in
               what
               manner
               you
               should
               inclose
               your
               Melon
               ground
               .
            
             
               In
               this
               Parke
               ,
               which
               may
               be
               of
               what
               extent
               you
               think
               good
               ,
               you
               shall
               make
               beds
               of
               horse-dung
               ,
               such
               as
               you
               have
               provided
               the
               winter
               before
               and
               heaped
               up
               together
               in
               some
               place
               neer
               your
               Meloniere
               ,
               as
               fast
               as
               it
               is
               throwne
               forth
               of
               the
               stable
               .
            
             
               
                 Season
                 .
              
               
               About
               midd-February
               you
               shall
               begin
               to
               prepare
               a
               bed
               for
               the
               seeds
               ,
               taking
               dung
               hot
               from
               the
               stable
               ,
               and
               of
               that
               of
               your
               foresaid
               heape
               ,
               mingling
               them
               together
               ,
               that
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               fresh
               may
               communicate
               it self
               to
               the
               other
               .
            
             
               
                 Beds
                 .
              
               Make
               your
               Bed
               the
               whole
               length
               of
               your
               Melon
               ground
               ,
               four
               foot
               large
               leaving
               a
               path
               about
               it
               of
               three
               foot
               wide
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               have
               place
               to
               put
               
                 hot
                 dung
              
               when
               you
               perceive
               the
               bed
               to
               languish
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               begins
               to
               coole
               overmuch
               .
            
             
               This
               bed
               handsomly
               made
               ,
               and
               trodden
               with
               the
               feet
               to
               excite
               the
               heat
               ,
               you
               must
               cover
               the
               ●op
               of
               it
               with
               (
               neer
               four
               inches
               thick
               )
               of
               excellent
               mould
               ,
               or
               rather
               with
               that
               rich
               stuff
               ,
               which
               comes
               from
               a
               last
               years
               bed
               mingled
               with
               a
               little
               of
               the
               purest
               mould
               you
               can
               procure
               :
               This
               composition
               you
               must
               spread
               ,
               keeping
               a
               board
               to
               the
               side
               and
               margent
               of
               the
               bed
               ,
               and
               clapping
               
               the
               earth
               down
               with
               your
               hand
               against
               the
               board
               ,
               to
               render
               it
               the
               more
               firme
               and
               even
               .
            
             
               Your
               Bed
               thus
               prepared
               ,
               of
               about
               a
               yard
               high
               you
               shall
               suffer
               to
               repose
               till
               it
               has
               passed
               its
               greatest
               heats
               ;
               which
               may
               continue
               two
               or
               three
               dayes
               ,
               more
               ,
               or
               lesse
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               temper
               of
               the
               season
               .
            
             
               The
               extreamity
               of
               heat
               past
               (
               which
               you
               shall
               discover
               by
               the
               sinking
               of
               the
               bed
               and
               by
               examining
               it
               with
               your
               finger
               )
               you
               will
               easily
               judge
               if
               it
               be
               well
               qualified
               for
               your
               seed
               :
               For
               if
               you
               cannot
               suffer
               your
               finger
               in
               it
               ,
               it
               is
               yet
               too
               hot
               ,
               and
               it
               ought
               to
               be
               but
               tepid
               ,
               but
               not
               qui●e
               cold
               ,
               in
               which
               case
               ,
               you
               mast
               heat
               it
               again
               by
               applying
               new
               made
               dung
               immediately
               to
               the
               sides
               of
               your
               bed
               in
               the
               passage
               about
               it
               ,
               as
               I
               before
               have
               described
               .
            
             
               The
               bed
               in
               perfect
               temper
               ,
               and
               your
               seeds
               steeped
               in
               good
               Wine-Vinagre
               ,
               or
               Cow-milk
               eight
               and
               fourty
               
               howers
               ,
               every
               species
               apart
               by
               themselves
               :
               You
               shall
               sowe
               them
               at
               one
               end
               of
               your
               bed
               ,
               reserving
               the
               rest
               ,
               for
               the
               other
               seeds
               whereof
               I
               shall
               speak
               hereafter
               .
            
             
               
                 Sowing
                 .
              
               Draw
               then
               upon
               your
               Terras
               ,
               narrow
               furrowes
               with
               the
               point
               of
               your
               finger
               quite
               crosse
               your
               bed
               ;
               But
               let
               the
               lines
               be
               
                 six
                 inches
              
               asunder
               ,
               and
               as
               even
               as
               you
               can
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               facilitate
               with
               the
               help
               of
               a
               Rule
               .
            
             
               Upon
               every
               of
               these
               lines
               make
               three
               holes
               in
               the
               earth
               or
               Terras
               ,
               joyning
               your
               fingers
               together
               in
               fashion
               of
               a
               hens-rump
               ,
               and
               in
               each
               of
               these
               holes
               put
               three
               or
               four
               Melon-seeds
               ,
               all
               of
               a
               sort
               .
            
             
               Upon
               the
               Intervalls
               'twixt
               the
               lines
               ,
               which
               I
               advised
               you
               to
               leave
               ,
               you
               may
               sow
               Lettice-seeds
               for
               early
               sallets
               ,
               in
               other
               Chervill
               ;
               And
               you
               may
               fringe
               the
               whole
               bed
               about
               with
               purslaine
               ;
               for
               these
               herbs
               will
               be
               very
               forward
               ,
               and
               are
               to
               be
               taken
               
               up
               very
               young
               ,
               least
               they
               suffocate
               your
               Melon-plants
               ,
               but
               this
               will
               spare
               you
               a
               weeding
               ,
               and
               will
               be
               a
               kind
               of
               dressing
               to
               them
               also
               .
            
             
               
                 Covering
                 .
              
               Be
               carefull
               to
               cover
               your
               Bed
               every
               night
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               weather
               is
               bad
               ,
               with
               hurdles
               made
               of
               straw
               ,
               or
               close
               matts
               ,
               which
               are
               to
               be
               supported
               with
               ribs
               ,
               and
               arches
               of
               poles
               or
               small
               rafters
               layd
               crosse
               into
               forkes
               fixed
               in
               the
               ground
               ,
               at
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               Bed.
               
            
             
               You
               shall
               not
               approach
               these
               Coverings
               neerer
               then
               four
               inches
               to
               your
               bed
               ;
               if
               it
               happen
               to
               freez
               or
               snow
               ,
               you
               shall
               then
               fill
               the
               whole
               vacuum
               with
               fresh
               and
               newly
               drawn
               dung
               ,
               till
               the
               weather
               be
               more
               kind
               .
            
             
               But
               if
               your
               seeds
               burn
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               too
               great
               heat
               of
               your
               bed
               ,
               (
               which
               you
               shall
               soon
               perceive
               ,
               for
               they
               ought
               not
               to
               be
               long
               in
               the
               ground
               )
               you
               shall
               sow
               them
               all
               over
               again
               ,
               and
               heat
               the
               
                 Bed
                 a
                 new
              
               
               by
               the
               sides
               ,
               with
               hot
               dung
               ,
               as
               you
               have
               been
               taught
               .
            
             
               
                 Season
                 .
              
               The
               perfect
               season
               to
               sowe
               Melon-seeds
               ,
               is
               in
               the
               full
               of
               February
               .
            
             
               When
               your
               plants
               begin
               to
               peep
               you
               shall
               cover
               them
               with
               pretty
               large
               Drinking-Glasses
               ,
               leaving
               a
               little
               passage
               for
               the
               Ayr
               'twixt
               the
               Glasse
               and
               the
               Earth
               ,
               least
               otherwise
               ,
               they
               suffocate
               and
               tarnish
               .
            
             
               Thus
               you
               shall
               let
               them
               grow
               to
               the
               fourth
               or
               sixth
               leafe
               before
               you
               remove
               them
               .
            
             
               
                 Transplanting
                 .
              
               They
               are
               Transplanted
               after
               four
               several
               fashions
               .
               First
               upon
               the
               Beds
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               prepare
               at
               t●e
               side
               〈◊〉
               this
               
                 Genial
                 bed
              
               ,
               and
               all
               together
               :
               Make
               holes
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               these
               beds
               four
               foot
               asunder
               ,
               and
               in
               each
               of
               these
               holes
               put
               in
               half
               a
               bushel
               of
               excellent
               rich
               mould
               without
               making
               your
               whole
               ●ed
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               in
               this
               ,
               you
               shall
               Transplant
               your
               Melons
               ,
               taking
               them
               dextrously
               from
               the
               Nursing-bed
               with
               a
               good
               clod
               of
               earth
               about
               
               the
               noots
               .
               In
               the
               Evening
               about
               sun-set
               will
               be
               the
               most
               covenient
               time
               for
               this
               purpose
               ,
               and
               if
               it
               may
               ,
               let
               it
               be
               after
               a
               fair
               day
               ,
               for
               it
               will
               much
               improve
               your
               plants
               .
            
             
               This
               done
               ,
               shelter
               the
               beds
               from
               the
               sun
               for
               three
               or
               four
               dayes
               following
               ,
               but
               you
               must
               water
               them
               from
               the
               first
               day
               of
               their
               planting
               that
               they
               may
               take
               hold
               and
               spring
               the
               sooner
               .
            
             
               Then
               you
               shall
               cover
               them
               with
               wider
               
                 glasse
                 Bells
              
               till
               the
               fruit
               be
               big
               ,
               and
               indeed
               ,
               as
               long
               as
               the
               plant
               may
               be
               contained
               under
               it
               ,
               leaving
               it
               a
               little
               ayr
               'twixt
               the
               Bell
               and
               the
               bed
               for
               fear
               of
               choaking
               the
               Plant
               ,
               unlesse
               the
               bell
               have
               a
               hole
               at
               the
               top
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               stop
               at
               night
               .
            
             
               From
               ten
               in
               the
               Morning
               till
               four
               in
               the
               Afternoon
               ,
               you
               may
               take
               off
               the
               Bells
               ,
               to
               accquaint
               them
               with
               the
               ayr
               and
               fortifie
               your
               Melons
               against
               unseasonable
               weather
               ,
               but
               
               you
               must
               cover
               them
               again
               in
               the
               Evening
               .
            
             
               
                 Stormes
                 .
              
               There
               sometimes
               happen
               such
               storms
               of
               hail
               as
               crack
               all
               the
               Bells
               ,
               and
               to
               prevent
               this
               ,
               some
               are
               provided
               with
               covers
               made
               of
               straw
               of
               the
               same
               shape
               ,
               to
               clap
               over
               the
               glasses
               at
               night
               ,
               to
               prevent
               this
               accident
               .
            
             
               
                 Bells
                 .
              
               Others
               make
               Bells
               of
               Earth
               ,
               but
               I
               do
               no
               way
               approve
               of
               this
               invention
               ,
               for
               it
               is
               not
               possible
               that
               the
               sun
               should
               sufficiently
               penetrate
               this
               earth
               ,
               as
               it
               doeth
               the
               Glasse
               :
               They
               may
               pretend
               them
               for
               the
               night
               onely
               and
               to
               pervent
               hayl
               ,
               and
               that
               indeed
               with
               better
               reason
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               perceive
               your
               plant
               to
               languish
               ,
               and
               not
               improve
               ,
               water
               it
               within
               halfe
               a
               foot
               of
               its
               roote
               ,
               with
               water
               where
               in
               Pigeons
               dung
               has
               been
               steeped
               .
            
             
               
                 ●runing
              
               Your
               Melons
               now
               reasonable
               strong
               ,
               choose
               out
               the
               prime
               shoots
               (
               which
               will
               be
               in
               number
               equal
               to
               your
               seeds
               )
               the
               rest
               you
               must
               
               gueld
               and
               prune
               off
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               perceive
               three
               or
               four
               Melons
               knotted
               upon
               one
               shoot
               ,
               you
               shall
               stop
               that
               vine
               pinching
               a
               knott
               above
               that
               of
               the
               fruit
               ,
               then
               extend
               all
               the
               other
               shoots
               of
               your
               plants
               ,
               spreading
               them
               upon
               every
               part
               of
               your
               Bed
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               nourish
               the
               fruit
               with
               more
               ease
               ,
               which
               when
               it
               is
               grown
               as
               big
               as
               your
               fist
               you
               shall
               forbear
               to
               water
               any
               longer
               ,
               unlesse
               it
               be
               in
               some
               excessive
               dry
               season
               ,
               when
               you
               perceive
               the
               leaves
               burne
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               plant
               it self
               scorches
               ;
               in
               such
               case
               ,
               you
               may
               refresh
               every
               languishing
               foot
               with
               a
               little
               water
               .
            
             
               You
               must
               place
               a
               Tyle
               under
               every
               Melon
               ,
               the
               better
               to
               fashion
               them
               ,
               and
               advance
               their
               maturity
               by
               the
               reflection
               of
               the
               sun
               from
               it
               ,
               and
               this
               is
               a
               thing
               which
               cannot
               be
               so
               well
               upon
               a
               dung-bed
               ,
               (
               in
               which
               some
               Transplant
               and
               force
               them
               )
               besides
               they
               will
               be
               much
               Dryer
               ,
               
               and
               lesse
               participate
               of
               the
               loathsome
               quality
               of
               the
               dung
               .
            
             
               You
               shall
               never
               suffer
               any
               small
               new
               shoot
               or
               string
               to
               draw
               away
               the
               Sap
               from
               your
               leading
               plant
               ,
               but
               nip
               it
               off
               immediately
               ,
               unlesse
               it
               be
               that
               your
               fruit
               lies
               naked
               ,
               and
               too
               much
               exposed
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               stand
               in
               need
               of
               any
               leaves
               to
               accelerate
               its
               growth
               &
               preserve
               it
               in
               temper
               .
            
             
               
                 Transplanting
                 .
              
               The
               second
               Method
               of
               Transplanting
               Melons
               ,
               is
               to
               make
               ,
               neer
               the
               end
               of
               summer
               ,
               trenches
               of
               about
               2
               foot
               deep
               ,
               and
               four
               foot
               large
               ,
               (
               as
               they
               do
               in
               Anjou
               )
               leaving
               a
               square
               of
               three
               foot
               between
               each
               of
               them
               ,
               to
               cast
               the
               mould
               upon
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               form
               into
               a
               ridge
               somewhat
               round
               ,
               in
               form
               of
               an
               Asses-back
               ,
               by
               which
               name
               the
               French
               call
               them
               .
               Then
               you
               shall
               fill
               the
               trench
               with
               good
               dung
               ,
               and
               very
               rotten
               
                 earth
                 ,
                 scoarings
                 of
                 ditches
              
               ,
               which
               has
               laine
               two
               or
               three
               years
               mellowing
               in
               the
               raines
               and
               frosts
               .
            
             
               
                 Season
                 .
              
               
               Then
               in
               March
               when
               the
               Winter
               has
               sufficiently
               ripened
               the
               foresaid
               earth
               ,
               you
               shall
               stir
               and
               mingle
               that
               which
               lyes
               in
               the
               ridge
               with
               the
               ditch-scouring
               adding
               to
               it
               
                 new
                 dung
              
               well
               consumed
               ,
               and
               so
               fill
               up
               your
               trenches
               with
               this
               mixture
               ,
               and
               let
               it
               be
               kept
               well
               weeded
               till
               the
               season
               that
               you
               transplant
               your
               Melons
               on
               it
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               before
               instructed
               you
               .
            
             
               
                 Transpla●ting
                 .
              
               There
               is
               yet
               a
               third
               fashion
               a
               great
               deale
               more
               easy
               then
               this
               ,
               and
               which
               I
               have
               found
               as
               succesfull
               ,
               as
               any
               of
               the
               former
               two
               ,
               and
               which
               hath
               afforded
               me
               store
               of
               excellent
               and
               high
               tasted
               Melons
               every
               year
               ,
               (
               but
               attribute
               the
               principall
               cause
               of
               it
               ,
               to
               the
               goodnesse
               of
               my
               soil
               which
               is
               Sandy
               ,
               but
               richly
               improv'd
               by
               a
               long
               
                 cultivation
                 .
              
               )
               There
               is
               no
               more
               difficulty
               in
               the
               business
               ,
               then
               to
               give
               the
               ground
               three
               or
               four
               dressings
               before
               and
               
                 after
                 Winter
              
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               time
               of
               Transplanting
               to
               
               make
               pits
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               beds
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               fill
               with
               a
               bushell
               of
               the
               mould
               ,
               and
               halfe
               dung
               ,
               of
               an
               old
               hot-bed
               ,
               and
               in
               this
               to
               set
               your
               plants
               after
               the
               manner
               I
               have
               taught
               you
               .
            
             
               
                 Wa●ring
                 .
              
               There
               are
               a
               world
               of
               curiosities
               in
               transplanting
               of
               Melons
               ,
               some
               place
               them
               in
               vessells
               of
               earth
               ,
               pierced
               full
               of
               holes
               ,
               and
               filled
               with
               excellent
               mould
               ,
               and
               so
               change
               their
               beds
               when
               they
               are
               over
               chilled
               ,
               others
               in
               baskets
               of
               the
               same
               shape
               ,
               and
               some
               again
               ,
               are
               so
               nice
               about
               them
               as
               would
               weary
               the
               most
               laborious
               Gardiner
               .
            
             
               
                 Ga●hering
              
               If
               during
               the
               excessive
               heats
               you
               perceive
               that
               your
               Melons
               suffer
               for
               want
               of
               refr●shment
               ,
               and
               scald
               (
               as
               they
               term
               it
               )
               it
               will
               be
               good
               to
               to
               afford
               a
               watring
               to
               exery
               root
               ,
               but
               this
               only
               in
               case
               of
               extream
               necessity
               ,
               and
               very
               rarely
               .
            
             
               To
               k●ow
               when
               your
               Melon
               is
               fit
               to
               be
               gather'd
               ,
               you
               shall
               perceive
               him
               to
               be
               ripe
               when
               the
               stalke
               seem●
               
               as
               if
               it
               would
               part
               from
               the
               fruit
               ,
               when
               they
               begin
               to
               gild
               and
               grow
               Yellow
               underneath
               ,
               when
               the
               small
               shoot
               which
               is
               at
               the
               same
               knot
               withers
               ,
               and
               when
               approching
               to
               the
               fruit
               ,
               you
               be
               saluted
               with
               an
               agreable
               odor
               .
               But
               such
               as
               are
               accustom'd
               ,
               and
               frequent
               the
               Melonieres
               judge
               it
               by
               the
               eye
               ,
               observing
               only
               the
               change
               of
               their
               colour
               and
               the
               intercostal
               yellowness
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               sufficient
               index
               of
               their
               maturity
               .
            
             
               Those
               Melons
               which
               are
               full
               of
               Embrodery
               and
               Characters
               are
               commonly
               twelve
               or
               fifteen
               dayes
               a
               fashioning
               ,
               e're
               they
               be
               perfectly
               ripe
               .
               The
               Morins
               grow
               yellow
               some
               days
               before
               they
               be
               fit
               to
               gather
               .
            
             
               For
               their
               gathering
               ,
               let
               it
               be
               according
               as
               they
               turne
               ;
               If
               to
               be
               conveyed
               far
               off
               you
               shall
               gather
               him
               instantly
               upon
               his
               first
               change
               of
               colour
               ,
               for
               they
               will
               finish
               their
               ripening
               by
               the
               way
               .
               But
               if
               he
               be
               spent
               immediately
               ,
               gather
               them
               
               thrrough-ripe
               ,
               putting
               them
               into
               a
               
                 bucket
                 of
                 Water
              
               drawn
               new
               out
               of
               the
               well
               ,
               and
               let
               them
               refresh
               themselves
               there
               ,
               as
               you
               would
               treat
               
                 bottles
                 of
                 Wine
              
               ,
               since
               comming
               newly
               from
               the
               Melonieres
               ,
               they
               are
               sun-heated
               ,
               and
               nothing
               so
               quick
               and
               agreable
               to
               be
               eaten
               .
            
             
               Others
               which
               you
               must
               gather
               as
               fast
               as
               they
               ripen
               may
               be
               layd
               upon
               a
               board
               in
               some
               coole
               place
               ,
               and
               spent
               according
               to
               their
               maturity
               .
            
             
               You
               shall
               remember
               to
               leave
               the
               joynt
               which
               holds
               to
               the
               stalk
               of
               every
               Melon
               ,
               with
               two
               or
               three
               leaves
               for
               ornaments
               ,
               and
               be
               carefull
               not
               to
               break
               off
               the
               stalk
               ,
               least
               the
               Melon
               languish
               ,
               (
               as
               a
               cask
               of
               Wine
               unbunged
               )
               and
               loose
               the
               richnesse
               of
               its
               gust
               .
            
             
               
                 Visi●i●d
                 and
                 〈◊〉
                 .
              
               You
               must
               not
               think
               it
               much
               to
               visit
               your
               Meloniere
               at
               the
               least
               
                 four
                 times
              
               a
               day
               when
               your
               Melons
               begin
               to
               ripen
               ,
               lest
               they
               passe
               their
               
               prime
               ,
               and
               lose
               of
               their
               tempting
               ,
               becoming
               lank
               and
               flashy
               .
            
             
               
                 Choice
                 .
              
               To
               choose
               a
               perfect
               good
               Melon
               it
               must
               neither
               be
               
                 too
                 green
              
               nor
               over-ripe
               ;
               let
               him
               be
               well
               nourished
               ,
               and
               have
               a
               thick
               &
               
                 short
                 stalk
              
               ,
               that
               he
               proceed
               of
               a
               
                 Vigorous
                 plant
              
               ,
               not
               forced
               with
               too
               great
               heat
               ,
               Weighty
               in
               the
               hand
               ,
               firme
               to
               the
               
                 touch
                 ,
                 dry
              
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               
                 Vermilion
                 hue
              
               within
               .
               Lastly
               that
               it
               have
               the
               flavor
               of
               that
               pitchy
               mixture
               wherewith
               seamen
               dresse
               their
               cordage
               .
            
             
               
                 Seeds
                 .
              
               Remember
               to
               reserve
               the
               seeds
               of
               all
               such
               Mellons
               as
               you
               found
               to
               be
               excellent
               and
               the
               most
               early
               ,
               (
               as
               before
               I
               advertis'd
               you
               )
               preserve
               them
               carefully
               ,
               taking
               those
               which
               lodged
               at
               the
               sunny
               side
               ,
               they
               are
               better
               at
               two
               or
               three
               years
               old
               then
               at
               one
               .
            
             
               
                 Cowcumbers
                 .
              
               Cowcumbers
               are
               sown
               and
               raised
               upon
               the
               same
               bed
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               same
               time
               with
               Melons
               ;
               having
               before
               imbibed
               the
               seeds
               in
               either
               cow
               or
               
                 breast
                 
                 milk
              
               .
               There
               are
               of
               white
               and
               green
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               Parroquets
               :
               You
               shall
               forbear
               to
               gather
               some
               of
               your
               fairest
               ,
               whitest
               ,
               longest
               and
               earliest
               fruit
               ,
               but
               leave
               them
               for
               seed
               ,
               letting
               them
               ripen
               upon
               their
               own
               Stalks
               as
               long
               as
               the
               plant
               continues
               ,
               which
               will
               be
               till
               the
               first
               frosts
               :
               As
               for
               the
               Parroquets
               ,
               they
               may
               all
               be
               spent
               ,
               since
               the
               seeds
               of
               the
               white
               Cowcumbers
               do
               sufficiently
               degenerate
               into
               them
               .
            
             
               They
               are
               transplanted
               also
               as
               Melons
               are
               both
               in
               beds
               and
               in
               open
               ground
               ,
               but
               they
               must
               be
               exceedingly
               watered
               ,
               to
               make
               them
               produce
               abundantly
               ;
               The
               vines
               and
               superfluous
               shoots
               must
               be
               guelded
               ,
               the
               
                 false
                 flowers
              
               which
               will
               never
               knot
               into
               fruit
               are
               to
               be
               nipped
               off
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               colds
               bring
               the
               Mildew
               upon
               them
               ,
               which
               is
               when
               the
               leaves
               become
               white
               and
               mealy
               ,
               a
               signe
               that
               they
               are
               neer
               their
               destruction
               .
            
             
               Gather
               them
               according
               to
               your
               
               spending
               ,
               for
               they
               will
               grow
               bigger
               every
               day
               ,
               but
               withall
               ,
               harder
               ,
               and
               the
               seeds
               more
               compacted
               renders
               the
               fruit
               less
               agreeable
               to
               the
               tast
               :
               They
               are
               then
               in
               perfection
               a
               little
               before
               they
               begin
               to
               grow
               yellow
               .
            
             
               
                 Pumpeons
                 .
              
               Pumpeons
               are
               raised
               also
               upon
               the
               hot-bed
               ,
               and
               are
               removed
               like
               the
               former
               ,
               but
               for
               the
               most
               part
               upon
               plain
               ground
               :
               being
               placed
               in
               some
               spacious
               part
               of
               your
               Garden
               because
               their
               shoots
               and
               tendrells
               straggle
               a
               great
               way
               before
               they
               knot
               into
               fruit
               .
            
             
               
                 Transplanting
                 .
              
               When
               you
               transplant
               them
               make
               their
               pits
               wide
               enough
               asunder
               ,
               twelve
               foot
               or
               there
               about
               ,
               and
               lay
               two
               bushells
               of
               rich
               soyle
               to
               every
               plant
               ;
               because
               of
               the
               strength
               of
               the
               
                 plant
                 ;
                 Water
              
               them
               abundantly
               .
            
             
               
                 Ga●hering
                 .
              
               The
               time
               of
               gathering
               them
               is
               in
               their
               perfect
               maturity
               ,
               which
               is
               about
               August
               ,
               nor
               do
               they
               spoyl
               at
               all
               by
               lying
               upon
               the
               earth
               ,
               but
               become
               daily
               riper
               by
               it
               .
            
             
             
               When
               the
               first
               cold
               begins
               to
               come
               ,
               gather
               them
               in
               a
               Morning
               and
               heape
               them
               one
               upon
               another
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               drie
               in
               the
               sun
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               carry
               them
               into
               some
               temperate
               Roome
               upon
               boards
               ,
               where
               let
               them
               ly
               without
               touching
               one
               another
               :
               above
               all
               ,
               preserve
               them
               from
               the
               frost
               ,
               for
               that
               will
               immediately
               perish
               them
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               have
               plenty
               ,
               and
               abound
               ,
               you
               may
               put
               it
               into
               your
               ordinary
               
                 House-hold
                 bread
              
               or
               that
               of
               your
               owne
               table
               .
               But
               first
               you
               must
               boyle
               it
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               as
               you
               prepare
               it
               to
               Fry
               ,
               only
               a
               little
               more
               tender
               ,
               then
               drain
               the
               water
               from
               it
               ,
               and
               wet
               your
               flower
               with
               this
               mash
               and
               so
               make
               your
               bread
               .
               It
               wil
               be
               of
               better
               colour
               ,
               and
               better
               relish
               being
               a
               little
               Dow
               ,
               and
               is
               very
               wholesome
               for
               those
               who
               stand
               in
               need
               of
               refreshment
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               a
               small
               kind
               of
               Pumpeon
               which
               knots
               into
               fruit
               neer
               the
               foot
               
               without
               trailing
               ,
               and
               bears
               abundantly
               :
               they
               must
               be
               guelded
               leaving
               none
               but
               the
               fairest
               .
            
             
               
                 Poitirons
              
               *
               Potirons
               white
               and
               coloured
               ,
               
                 Priest-capps
                 ,
                 Spanish
                 trumpets
                 ,
                 Gourds
              
               and
               the
               like
               ,
               are
               to
               be
               order'd
               as
               you
               doe
               Pumpeons
               ,
               with
               this
               only
               difference
               ,
               that
               some
               of
               them
               would
               be
               stalked
               ,
               and
               not
               suffered
               to
               ramp
               upon
               the
               ground
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               The
               seeds
               of
               these
               ,
               as
               also
               of
               pumpeons
               are
               to
               be
               saved
               ,
               as
               you
               spend
               their
               fruite
               ,
               but
               it
               must
               be
               carefully
               cleansed
               and
               dried
               in
               the
               air
               ,
               and
               secured
               from
               mice
               which
               devour
               these
               seeds
               as
               well
               as
               those
               of
               Melons
               and
               cowcumbers
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               SECT
               .
               II.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Artichocks
                 ,
                 Chardons
                 ,
                 and
                 Asparagus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Artichokes
              
               THe
               Artichock
               is
               one
               of
               the
               most
               excellent
               Fruits
               of
               the
               
                 Kitchen
                 Garden
              
               ,
               and
               recommended
               not
               only
               for
               its
               goodnesse
               ,
               and
               the
               divers
               manners
               of
               cooking
               it
               :
               but
               also
               for
               that
               the
               fruit
               contiuues
               in
               Season
               a
               long
               time
               .
            
             
               Of
               these
               there
               are
               
                 two
                 sorts
              
               ,
               the
               Violet
               and
               the
               Green.
               The
               Slips
               which
               grow
               by
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               old
               Stubs
               ,
               serve
               for
               Plants
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               set
               in
               very
               good
               ground
               ,
               deep
               dunged
               ,
               and
               dressed
               with
               two
               or
               three
               manures
               .
            
             
               
                 Planting
                 .
              
               When
               the
               Frosts
               are
               entirely
               past
               ,
               in
               April
               you
               shall
               plant
               the
               Slips
               ,
               having
               separated
               them
               from
               the
               Stem
               with
               as
               much
               root
               as
               you
               
               can
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               take
               the
               more
               easily
               ,
               and
               if
               they
               be
               strong
               enough
               ,
               they
               will
               bear
               Heads
               the
               Autumn
               following
               .
            
             
               You
               shall
               plant
               them
               four
               or
               five
               foot
               distant
               one
               from
               another
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               goodnesse
               of
               the
               Soil
               ;
               for
               if
               it
               be
               light
               and
               sandy
               ,
               you
               may
               plant
               them
               closer
               ;
               if
               it
               be
               a
               strong
               ground
               ,
               at
               a
               greater
               distance
               to
               give
               scope
               to
               the
               leaves
               ,
               which
               with
               the
               fruit
               wil
               come
               fairer
               and
               bring
               forth
               more
               double
               ones
               .
            
             
               They
               shall
               need
               no
               other
               Culture
               before
               Winter
               ,
               then
               to
               be
               dress'd
               and
               weeded
               sometimes
               .
            
             
               You
               shall
               cover
               them
               in
               Winter
               to
               preserve
               them
               from
               the
               Frost
               ;
               and
               to
               do
               this
               ,
               they
               order
               them
               after
               divers
               manners
               ;
               some
               cutting
               all
               the
               Plants
               within
               a
               foot
               of
               the
               ground
               ,
               and
               gathering
               up
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               leaves
               ,
               (
               as
               they
               do
               to
               
                 blanch
                 Succory
              
               )
               think
               it
               sufficient
               to
               make
               it
               up
               in
               form
               of
               a
               Mole-hill
               ,
               leaving
               
               out
               at
               the
               top
               ,
               the
               extreams
               of
               the
               leaves
               ,
               about
               two
               fingers
               deep
               to
               keep
               the
               Plant
               from
               suffocating
               ;
               and
               then
               covering
               them
               with
               long
               dung
               preserve
               them
               thus
               from
               the
               Frosts
               ,
               and
               hinder
               the
               rain
               from
               rotting
               them
               .
            
             
               Others
               make
               trenches
               'twixt
               two
               ranges
               ,
               and
               cast
               the
               earth
               in
               long
               bankes
               upon
               the
               plants
               ,
               covering
               them
               within
               two
               fingers
               of
               the
               topps
               ,
               as
               I
               shewed
               you
               above
               :
               And
               there
               be
               some
               which
               onely
               put
               
                 long
                 dung
              
               about
               the
               plants
               ,
               and
               so
               they
               passe
               the
               winter
               very
               well
               :
               All
               these
               severall
               fashions
               are
               good
               ,
               and
               every
               man
               a
               bounds
               with
               his
               particular
               reason
               .
            
             
               
                 Ear●h●ng
                 .
              
               Onely
               be
               not
               over
               ea●ly
               in
               earthing
               them
               ,
               least
               they
               grow
               rotten
               ,
               but
               be
               sure
               that
               the
               great
               frosts
               doe
               not
               prevent
               and
               surprise
               you
               ,
               if
               you
               have
               many
               to
               govern
               .
               If
               you
               desire
               to
               have
               fruit
               in
               Autumne
               you
               need
               onely
               cut
               the
               Stemm
               of
               such
               as
               have
               borne
               fruit
               in
               the
               spring
               ,
               to
               hinder
               
               them
               from
               a
               second
               shoot
               .
               And
               in
               Autumn
               these
               lusty
               Stocks
               will
               not
               faile
               of
               bearing
               very
               faire
               heads
               ,
               provided
               that
               you
               dresse
               and
               dig
               about
               them
               well
               ,
               and
               water
               them
               in
               their
               necessitie
               ,
               taking
               away
               the
               Slips
               which
               grow
               to
               their
               sides
               ,
               and
               which
               draw
               all
               the
               substance
               from
               the
               plants
               .
            
             
               The
               Winter
               spent
               ,
               you
               shall
               uncover
               your
               Artichockes
               ,
               by
               little
               and
               little
               ,
               not
               at
               once
               ,
               least
               the
               cold
               ayr
               spoyl
               them
               ,
               being
               yet
               tender
               ,
               and
               but
               newly
               out
               of
               their
               warm
               beds
               :
               and
               therefore
               let
               it
               be
               done
               at
               
                 three
                 times
              
               ,
               with
               a
               four
               dayes
               interval
               each
               time
               ,
               at
               the
               last
               whereof
               ,
               you
               shall
               dresse
               ,
               dig
               about
               and
               ●rim
               them
               very
               well
               ,
               discharging
               them
               from
               most
               of
               their
               
                 small
                 slips
              
               ,
               not
               leaving
               above
               three
               of
               the
               strongest
               to
               each
               foot
               for
               bearers
               .
            
             
               
                 Chard
                 .
              
               To
               procure
               the
               Chard
               of
               the
               Artichocks
               (
               which
               is
               that
               which
               growes
               from
               the
               rootes
               of
               old
               plants
               )
               you
               
               shall
               make
               use
               of
               the
               old
               stemmes
               which
               you
               do
               not
               account
               of
               .
               For
               it
               will
               be
               fit
               to
               renew
               your
               whole
               plantation
               of
               Artichocks
               every
               five-year
               ,
               because
               the
               plant
               impoverishes
               the
               earth
               ,
               and
               produces
               but
               small
               fruite
               .
            
             
               
                 Slips
                 .
              
               The
               first
               fruites
               gathered
               ,
               you
               shall
               pare
               the
               plant
               within
               halfe
               a
               foot
               of
               the
               ground
               ,
               and
               cut
               off
               the
               Stemm
               as
               low
               as
               you
               can
               possible
               ;
               and
               thus
               you
               will
               have
               lusty
               slips
               ;
               which
               grown
               about
               a
               yard
               high
               ,
               you
               shall
               bind
               up
               with
               a
               wreath
               of
               long
               straw
               ,
               but
               not
               too
               close
               ,
               and
               then
               inviron
               them
               with
               dung
               ,
               to
               blanch
               them
               .
            
             
               Thus
               you
               may
               leave
               them
               till
               the
               great
               frosts
               before
               you
               gather
               them
               ,
               and
               then
               reserve
               them
               for
               your
               use
               in
               some
               Cellar
               or
               other
               place
               lesse
               cold
               .
            
             
               
                 Gathe●ing
              
               But
               it
               is
               best
               to
               gather
               them
               from
               time
               to
               time
               as
               you
               spend
               them
               ,
               beginning
               w●th
               the
               largest
               ,
               and
               sparing
               
               the
               rest
               ,
               which
               will
               soon
               be
               ready
               ,
               having
               now
               all
               the
               nourishment
               of
               the
               plant
               .
            
             
               
                 Spanish
                 Chardon
                 .
              
               The
               
                 Spanish
                 Chardons
              
               are
               not
               so
               dilicate
               to
               govern
               ,
               as
               those
               of
               the
               Artichocke
               ,
               nor
               produce
               they
               chards
               so
               sweet
               and
               tender
               :
               they
               are
               to
               be
               tyed
               up
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               to
               make
               them
               white
               .
            
             
               They
               spring
               of
               seeds
               ,
               and
               are
               transplanted
               in
               slips
               .
               The
               flowers
               of
               these
               chardons
               which
               are
               little
               
                 violet
                 colour'd
                 beards
              
               ,
               being
               dryed
               in
               the
               Ayr
               ,
               will
               serve
               to
               
                 turne
                 milk
              
               withall
               ,
               and
               make
               it
               curdle
               like
               rennett
               :
               The
               Spanyard
               and
               Languedociens
               use
               it
               for
               that
               purpose
               .
            
             
               
                 Asparagus
              
               Asparagus
               are
               to
               be
               raised
               of
               seeds
               in
               a
               bed
               a
               part
               ,
               the
               ground
               prepared
               before
               with
               divers
               diggings
               ,
               and
               well
               dunged
               :
               at
               the
               end
               of
               two
               years
               you
               may
               take
               up
               the
               rootes
               and
               transplant
               them
               .
            
             
               To
               lodg
               them
               well
               ,
               you
               must
               make
               trenches
               four
               foot
               large
               ,
               and
               
               two
               in
               depth
               (
               leaving
               an
               intervall
               of
               four
               foot
               wide
               'twixt
               the
               trenches
               to
               cast
               the
               mould
               on
               which
               you
               take
               out
               of
               them
               )
               and
               make
               them
               very
               levell
               at
               bottom
               ,
               the
               earth
               cast
               in
               round
               banks
               on
               both
               sides
               ,
               bestow
               a
               good
               dressing
               upon
               the
               bottoms
               of
               your
               trenches
               mixing
               the
               mould
               with
               fine
               rich
               dung
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               lay
               very
               even
               in
               all
               places
               .
               This
               done
               ,
               plant
               your
               Asparagus
               by
               line
               at
               three
               foot
               distance
               ,
               placeing
               two
               rootes
               together
               :
               You
               may
               range
               the
               first
               at
               the
               very
               edg
               of
               the
               trench
               ,
               for
               that
               when
               you
               dig
               up
               the
               Allyes
               ,
               you
               may
               in
               time
               reduce
               them
               to
               a
               foot
               and
               a
               half
               wide
               ,
               casting
               the
               earth
               upon
               the
               quarters
               ,
               and
               then
               cutting
               above
               a
               foot
               large
               on
               either
               side
               of
               your
               aspargus
               ,
               where
               the
               earth
               was
               heaped
               up
               ,
               your
               plants
               will
               shoot
               innumerable
               roots
               at
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               Alleys
               .
            
             
               You
               shall
               plant
               a
               third
               range
               in
               the
               midst
               between
               the
               two
               which
               
               we
               have
               named
               .
               It
               will
               be
               expedient
               to
               place
               them
               in
               
                 Crosse
                 squares
              
               ,
               that
               the
               rootes
               being
               at
               a
               convenient
               distance
               they
               may
               extend
               themselves
               through
               all
               the
               bed
               .
            
             
               Some
               curious
               persons
               put
               rammshorns
               at
               the
               bottome
               of
               the
               trench
               ,
               &
               hold
               for
               certaine
               ,
               that
               they
               have
               a
               kind
               of
               Sympathie
               with
               Asparagus
               ,
               which
               makes
               them
               prosper
               the
               better
               ,
               but
               I
               refer
               it
               to
               the
               experienced
               .
            
             
               
                 Dressing
                 .
              
               They
               will
               need
               dressing
               but
               three
               times
               a
               year
               .
               The
               first
               ,
               when
               the
               Arsparagus
               have
               done
               growing
               :
               The
               second
               at
               the
               beginning
               of
               Winter
               ;
               and
               the
               last
               ,
               a
               little
               before
               they
               begin
               to
               peep
               :
               At
               every
               one
               of
               these
               dressings
               ,
               you
               shall
               something
               fill
               ,
               and
               advance
               your
               beds
               about
               four
               fingers
               high
               with
               the
               earth
               of
               your
               Allyes
               ,
               and
               over
               all
               this
               spread
               about
               two
               fingers
               thick
               of
               
                 old
                 dung
              
               .
            
             
               Three
               years
               you
               must
               forbear
               to
               cut
               ,
               that
               the
               plant
               may
               be
               strong
               ,
               not
               stubbed
               ,
               for
               otherwise
               they
               
               will
               prove
               but
               small
               .
               And
               if
               you
               spare
               them
               yet
               four
               or
               five
               years
               longer
               ,
               you
               will
               have
               them
               come
               as
               big
               as
               leeks
               ,
               after
               which
               time
               ,
               you
               may
               cut
               uncessantly
               ,
               leaving
               the
               least
               to
               bear
               seed
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               plant
               may
               fortifie
               .
            
             
               During
               these
               four-years
               ,
               observing
               to
               give
               them
               the
               severall
               dressings
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               declared
               ,
               your
               bed
               will
               fill
               ,
               and
               your
               paths
               discharged
               of
               their
               mould
               ,
               you
               may
               dig
               them
               up
               ,
               and
               lay
               some
               rich
               dung
               underneath
               .
            
             
               You
               know
               that
               the
               plants
               of
               Asparagus
               spring
               up
               and
               grow
               perpetually
               ,
               and
               therefore
               when
               the
               mould
               of
               your
               Alleyes
               is
               all
               spent
               upon
               the
               beds
               you
               must
               of
               necessity
               bring
               earth
               to
               supply
               them
               ,
               laying
               it
               upon
               the
               bed
               in
               shape
               like
               the
               lid
               of
               a
               truncke
               otherwise
               they
               will
               remaine
               naked
               ,
               and
               perish
               .
            
             
               
                 Cutting
                 .
              
               When
               you
               cut
               your
               Asparagus
               ,
               remove
               a
               little
               of
               the
               earth
               from
               about
               
               them
               ,
               lest
               you
               wound
               the
               others
               which
               are
               ready
               to
               peep
               ,
               and
               then
               cut
               them
               as
               low
               as
               you
               can
               conveniently
               ,
               but
               take
               heed
               that
               you
               do
               not
               offend
               those
               that
               lye
               hid
               ,
               for
               so
               much
               will
               your
               detriment
               be
               ,
               and
               it
               will
               stump
               your
               plant
               .
            
             
               Such
               as
               you
               perceive
               to
               produce
               onely
               
                 small
                 ones
              
               ,
               you
               shall
               spare
               that
               they
               may
               grow
               bigger
               ,
               permitting
               those
               which
               spring
               up
               about
               the
               end
               of
               the
               season
               in
               every
               bed
               ,
               to
               run
               to
               seede
               ,
               and
               this
               will
               exceedingly
               repayr
               the
               hurt
               which
               you
               may
               have
               done
               to
               your
               plants
               in
               reaping
               their
               fruit
               .
            
          
           
             
               SECT
               .
               III.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Cabbages
                 and
                 Lettuce
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Cabbage
                 .
              
               THere
               are
               so
               many
               severall
               sorts
               of
               Cabbages
               ,
               that
               you
               shall
               hardly
               resolve
               to
               have
               them
               all
               in
               your
               
               Garden
               ,
               for
               they
               would
               employ
               too
               great
               a
               part
               of
               your
               ground
               ,
               and
               therefore
               it
               will
               be
               best
               to
               make
               choyce
               of
               such
               as
               are
               most
               agreable
               to
               your
               tast
               ,
               and
               that
               are
               the
               most
               delicate
               and
               easiest
               to
               boyle
               ,
               since
               the
               ground
               which
               produces
               them
               ,
               &
               the
               water
               which
               boyles
               them
               ,
               renders
               them
               either
               more
               or
               lesse
               excellent
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               We
               have
               seede
               brought
               us
               out
               of
               Italy
               ,
               and
               we
               have
               some
               in
               France
               ,
               those
               of
               Italy
               are
               the
               Coleflower
               ,
               those
               of
               
                 Rome
                 ,
                 Verona
              
               ,
               and
               Milan
               ,
               The
               Bosse
               ,
               the
               
                 long
                 Cabbage
              
               ,
               of
               Genoa
               ,
               the
               curled
               and
               others
               .
            
             
               In
               France
               we
               have
               the
               ordinary
               
                 headed
                 Cabbage
              
               of
               severall
               sorts
               ,
               and
               some
               that
               do
               not
               head
               at
               all
               ,
               and
               therefore
               I
               think
               it
               necessary
               to
               treat
               here
               particularly
               of
               them
               all
               ,
               as
               briefly
               as
               I
               can
               .
            
             
               
                 Coleflowers
                 .
              
               I
               will
               begin
               with
               Coleflowers
               as
               as
               the
               most
               precious
               :
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               They
               bring
               the
               seede
               to
               us
               out
               of
               Italy
               ,
               and
               the
               Italians
               receive
               it
               from
               Candia
               and
               
               other
               Levantine
               parts
               ,
               not
               but
               that
               we
               gather
               as
               good
               in
               Italy
               and
               France
               also
               ;
               but
               it
               dos
               not
               produce
               so
               large
               a
               head
               ,
               and
               is
               subject
               to
               degenerate
               into
               the
               
                 bosse
                 cabbages
              
               ,
               and
               Na●ets
               and
               therefore
               it
               were
               better
               to
               furnish
               one self
               out
               of
               the
               levant
               either
               by
               some
               friend
               ,
               or
               other
               correspondent
               at
               Rome
               :
               The
               
                 Linnen
                 Drapers
              
               and
               Millaners
               of
               Paris
               can
               give
               you
               the
               best
               directions
               in
               this
               affaire
               which
               traffick
               in
               those
               places
               ,
               
                 Linnen
                 ,
                 Lace
              
               ,
               and
               Gloves
               .
            
             
               To
               discover
               the
               goodnesse
               of
               the
               seed
               (
               which
               is
               the
               newest
               )
               it
               ought
               to
               be
               of
               a
               lively
               colour
               ,
               full
               of
               oyle
               ,
               exactly
               round
               neither
               
                 shrivled
                 ,
                 small
              
               or
               dried
               ,
               which
               are
               all
               indications
               of
               its
               age
               ,
               but
               of
               a
               
                 broun
                 hue
              
               ,
               not
               of
               a
               
                 bright
                 red
              
               which
               shews
               that
               it
               never
               ripened
               kindly
               upon
               the
               stalke
               .
            
             
               
                 Sowing
                 .
              
               Being
               thus
               provided
               with
               good
               seede
               ,
               sow
               it
               as
               they
               do
               in
               Italy
               or
               France
               .
               The
               Italians
               sow
               it
               in
               cases
               and
               shallow
               tubes
               in
               the
               full
               moon
               of
               August
               ;
               
               It
               comes
               speedily
               up
               ,
               and
               will
               be
               very
               strong
               before
               Winter
               :
               when
               the
               Frosts
               come
               remove
               them
               into
               your
               Cellar
               ,
               or
               Garden-house
               ,
               till
               the
               Spring
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Frosts
               are
               gone
               ,
               and
               then
               transplant
               them
               into
               good
               mould
               ;
               thus
               you
               shall
               have
               white
               ,
               very
               fair
               heads
               ,
               and
               well
               conditioned
               before
               the
               great
               heats
               of
               Sommer
               surprize
               them
               .
            
             
               The
               Italians
               stay
               not
               so
               long
               ,
               as
               till
               their
               heads
               have
               attained
               their
               utmost
               growth
               ,
               but
               pull
               them
               up
               before
               ,
               and
               lay
               them
               in
               the
               
                 Cellar
                 ,
                 interring
              
               all
               their
               roots
               and
               stalks
               to
               the
               very
               head
               ;
               ranging
               them
               side
               by
               side
               and
               shelving
               ,
               where
               they
               finish
               their
               heads
               ,
               and
               will
               keep
               a
               long
               time
               ;
               whereas
               if
               they
               left
               them
               abroad
               in
               the
               ground
               ,
               the
               heats
               would
               cause
               them
               run
               to
               seed
               .
            
             
               The
               French
               are
               satisfyed
               to
               have
               them
               by
               the
               end
               of
               Autumn
               keeping
               them
               to
               eat
               in
               the
               Winter
               :
               not
               but
               that
               (
               being
               early
               raised
               )
               they
               
               have
               some
               which
               head
               about
               Iuly
               ;
               but
               the
               rest
               grow
               hard
               and
               tough
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               extream
               heat
               ,
               and
               improve
               nothing
               for
               want
               of
               moysture
               ,
               producing
               but
               small
               and
               trifling
               Heads
               ,
               and
               most
               commonly
               none
               at
               all
               .
               And
               therefore
               I
               counsel
               you
               to
               sowe
               but
               a
               few
               upon
               your
               first
               Bed
               in
               the
               Meloniere
               thinly
               ,
               sowing
               them
               thinly
               in
               li●es
               ,
               four
               fingers
               asunder
               ,
               and
               covering
               them
               with
               the
               mould
               .
               Two
               or
               three
               ridges
               shall
               abundantly
               suffice
               your
               store
               .
            
             
               Towards
               the
               end
               of
               April
               ,
               when
               your
               Melons
               are
               off
               from
               their
               beds
               and
               transplanted
               ,
               you
               may
               renew
               your
               sowing
               of
               Coleflowers
               ,
               (
               as
               you
               were
               taught
               before
               )
               these
               will
               head
               in
               Autumn
               ,
               and
               must
               be
               preserved
               from
               the
               Frosts
               ,
               to
               be
               spent
               during
               the
               Winter
               .
            
             
               
                 Removing
                 .
              
               You
               must
               stay
               before
               you
               remove
               them
               till
               the
               leaves
               are
               as
               large
               as
               the
               Ralme
               of
               your
               hand
               ,
               that
               they
               
               may
               be
               strong
               .
               Pare
               away
               the
               tops
               of
               them
               ,
               and
               earth
               them
               up
               to
               the
               very
               
                 necks
                 ,
                 that
                 is
              
               ,
               so
               deep
               that
               the
               top
               leaves
               appear
               not
               above
               three
               fingers
               out
               of
               the
               ground
               ,
               or
               to
               be
               more
               intelligible
               ,
               you
               shall
               interre
               them
               to
               the
               last
               and
               upmost
               knot
               ;
               Moreover
               you
               must
               hollow
               little
               Basins
               of
               about
               half
               a
               foot
               Diameter
               ,
               and
               four
               fingers
               deep
               at
               the
               foot
               of
               each
               stalk
               ,
               that
               the
               moysture
               may
               passe
               directly
               to
               the
               Root
               when
               you
               water
               them
               ,
               it
               being
               unprofitably
               employed
               elsewhere
               .
            
             
               
                 Transplanting
                 .
              
               The
               just
               distance
               in
               transplanting
               is
               three
               foot
               asunder
               ;
               two
               ranges
               are
               sufficient
               for
               each
               Bed
               :
               But
               be
               careful
               to
               keep
               them
               weeded
               and
               dug
               as
               often
               as
               they
               require
               it
               ,
               till
               the
               leaves
               cover
               the
               ground
               ,
               and
               are
               able
               to
               choke
               the
               weeds
               that
               grow
               under
               them
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               make
               Pits
               in
               the
               places
               where
               you
               remove
               them
               ,
               aud
               bestow
               
               some
               good
               Soil
               (
               as
               I
               described
               in
               Melons
               and
               Cucumbers
               )
               they
               will
               the
               better
               answer
               your
               expectations
               ,
               for
               they
               will
               produce
               much
               fairer
               heads
               .
            
             
               
                 Cabbage
                 .
                 Watring
                 .
              
               All
               sorts
               of
               Cabbages
               whatever
               they
               be
               ,
               must
               be
               carefully
               watred
               at
               first
               ,
               for
               a
               few
               dayes
               after
               their
               planting
               that
               they
               may
               take
               the
               better
               root
               ,
               which
               you
               shall
               then
               perceive
               ,
               when
               their
               leaves
               begin
               to
               erect
               ,
               and
               flag
               no
               longer
               upon
               the
               ground
               .
            
             
               
                 Sowing
                 .
              
               All
               kindes
               of
               Cabbages
               are
               to
               be
               sown
               upon
               the
               
                 Melon
                 bed
              
               ,
               whilst
               the
               heat
               remains
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               cheq
               and
               spring
               the
               sooner
               ,
               sowe
               them
               therefore
               very
               thin
               in
               travers
               lines
               cross
               your
               Melon
               bed
               .
            
             
               In
               April
               you
               shall
               sowe
               fresh
               upon
               the
               same
               bed
               and
               place
               where
               your
               Melons
               and
               Cucumbers
               stood
               .
            
             
               
                 Birds
                 .
              
               Now
               forasmuch
               as
               the
               Birds
               are
               extreamly
               greedy
               to
               devour
               their
               seeds
               as
               soon
               as
               they
               peep
               ,
               because
               
               they
               bear
               the
               husk
               of
               it
               upon
               the
               tops
               of
               their
               leaves
               ;
               I
               will
               teach
               you
               how
               you
               may
               preserve
               them
               .
               Some
               spread
               a
               Net
               over
               the
               Beds
               ,
               sustaining
               it
               half
               a
               foot
               above
               the
               surface
               :
               others
               stick
               little
               Mills
               made
               of
               Cards
               ,
               (
               such
               as
               Children
               in
               play
               run
               against
               the
               winde
               with
               )
               and
               some
               make
               them
               with
               thin
               Chips
               of
               Firre
               ,
               such
               as
               the
               
                 Comfit
                 makers
              
               boxes
               are
               made
               withall
               ,
               tying
               to
               the
               tree
               or
               Pole
               which
               bears
               it
               some
               Feathers
               ,
               or
               thing
               that
               continually
               trembles
               ;
               this
               will
               extremely
               affright
               the
               Birds
               in
               the
               day
               time
               ,
               and
               the
               Mice
               in
               the
               night
               ;
               for
               the
               least
               breath
               of
               winde
               will
               set
               them
               a
               whirling
               ,
               and
               prevent
               the
               mischief
               .
            
             
               
                 Wormes
                 .
              
               There
               breeds
               besides
               in
               these
               beds
               a
               winged
               Insect
               ,
               and
               
                 Palmer
                 worms
              
               ,
               which
               gnaw
               your
               seeds
               and
               sprouts
               :
               To
               destroy
               these
               Enemies
               ,
               you
               should
               place
               some
               small
               vessels
               ,
               as
               be●r
               glasses
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               ,
               sinking
               
               them
               about
               three
               fingers
               deeper
               then
               the
               surface
               of
               the
               bed
               ,
               and
               filling
               them
               with
               water
               within
               two
               fingers
               of
               the
               brim
               ,
               and
               in
               these
               they
               will
               fall
               and
               drown
               themselves
               as
               they
               make
               their
               subterranean
               passages
               .
            
             
               
                 Large
                 sided
                 cabbages
                 .
              
               The
               
                 large
                 sided
                 Cabbages
              
               ,
               shall
               not
               be
               sowne
               till
               May
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               so
               tender
               ,
               and
               if
               they
               be
               strong
               enough
               to
               be
               removed
               by
               the
               begining
               of
               Iuly
               they
               will
               head
               in
               Autumn
               :
               To
               my
               Gusto
               there
               is
               no
               sort
               of
               Cabbage
               comparable
               to
               them
               ,
               for
               they
               are
               speedily
               boyled
               ,
               and
               are
               so
               delicate
               ,
               that
               the
               very
               grossest
               part
               of
               them
               melts
               in
               ones
               mouth
               :
               If
               you
               eat
               broth
               made
               of
               them
               ,
               Fasting
               ,
               with
               but
               a
               little
               bread
               in
               it
               ,
               they
               will
               gently
               loosen
               the
               belly
               ,
               and
               besides
               ,
               what
               ever
               quantity
               of
               them
               you
               eat
               ,
               they
               will
               never
               offend
               you
               ;
               Briefly
               ,
               
               t
               is
               a
               sort
               of
               Cabbage
               ,
               that
               I
               can
               never
               sufficiently
               commend
               ,
               that
               I
               may
               encourage
               you
               to
               furnish
               your
               Garden
               with
               them
               rather
               then
               with
               many
               of
               the
               rest
               .
            
             
               
                 VVhite
                 cabbage
                 .
              
               Of
               the
               
                 White
                 headed
                 Cabbage
              
               ,
               those
               which
               come
               out
               of
               Flanders
               are
               the
               fairest
               and
               of
               these
               one
               of
               the
               heads
               produced
               in
               a
               rich
               mould
               hath
               weighed
               above
               
                 fourty
                 pounds
              
               .
            
             
               Those
               of
               Aubervilliers
               are
               very
               free
               ,
               and
               a
               delicate
               meate
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               another
               sort
               of
               Cabbage
               streaked
               with
               
                 red
                 veines
              
               ,
               the
               stalk
               whereof
               is
               of
               a
               
                 purple
                 colour
              
               when
               you
               plant
               it
               ,
               and
               they
               seem
               to
               me
               ,
               the
               most
               naturall
               of
               all
               the
               rest
               ,
               for
               they
               pome
               ,
               close
               to
               the
               ground
               and
               shoot
               but
               few
               leaves
               before
               they
               are
               headed
               ,
               growing
               so
               extreamly
               close
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               almost
               flat
               at
               top
               .
            
             
               
                 Red
                 cabbage
                 .
              
               
               The
               
                 red
                 Cabbage
              
               should
               likewise
               have
               a
               little
               place
               in
               your
               Garden
               ,
               for
               its
               use
               in
               certain
               diseases
               .
            
             
               
                 Pefumed
                 cabbage
                 .
              
               There
               is
               yet
               another
               sort
               of
               Cabbage
               ,
               that
               cast
               a
               strong
               
                 musky
                 Perfume
              
               ,
               but
               bear
               small
               heads
               ,
               yet
               are
               to
               be
               prized
               for
               their
               excellent
               odor
               .
            
             
               The
               pale
               
                 tender
                 Cabbages
              
               are
               not
               to
               be
               sown
               till
               August
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               be
               removed
               a
               little
               before
               the
               Winter
               ,
               where
               they
               may
               grow
               and
               furnish
               you
               all
               the
               winter
               long
               ,
               and
               especially
               during
               the
               greater
               Frosts
               ,
               which
               do
               but
               soften
               ,
               mellow
               ,
               and
               render
               them
               excellent
               meat
               .
            
             
               They
               plant
               also
               all
               those
               Italian
               kindes
               ,
               of
               which
               the
               *
               Pancaliers
               are
               most
               in
               esteem
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               perfum'd
               relish
               .
            
             
               
                 Planting
                 .
              
               To
               plant
               all
               these
               sorts
               of
               Cabbages
               ,
               the
               ground
               deeply
               trenched
               and
               well
               dunged
               beneath
               ;
               you
               shall
               tread
               it
               out
               into
               beds
               of
               four
               foot
               large
               ;
               and
               within
               a
               foot
               of
               the
               margent
               ,
               
               you
               shall
               make
               a
               small
               trench
               ,
               four
               fingers
               in
               depth
               ,
               and
               of
               half
               a
               foot
               large
               ,
               angular
               at
               the
               bottome
               ,
               like
               a
               Plough-Furrow
               new
               turned
               up
               :
               In
               this
               Trench
               (
               towards
               the
               Evening
               of
               a
               fair
               day
               )
               you
               shall
               make
               holes
               with
               a
               
                 Setting
                 stick
              
               ,
               and
               so
               plant
               your
               Cabbages
               ,
               sinking
               them
               to
               the
               neck
               of
               the
               very
               tenderest
               leaves
               ;
               having
               before
               pared
               off
               their
               Tops
               .
               Place
               them
               at
               a
               convenient
               distance
               ,
               according
               to
               their
               bignesse
               and
               spreading
               ;
               then
               give
               them
               diligent
               Waterings
               ,
               which
               you
               shall
               pour
               into
               these
               furrowes
               only
               ;
               since
               it
               would
               be
               but
               superfluous
               to
               water
               the
               whole
               bed
               .
            
             
               A
               man
               may
               transplant
               them
               confusedly
               in
               whole
               quarters
               ,
               especially
               the
               paler
               sort
               ,
               for
               the
               frosts
               ;
               but
               it
               is
               neither
               so
               commodious
               as
               in
               beds
               for
               the
               ease
               of
               watring
               them
               ,
               nor
               for
               the
               distinction
               of
               their
               species
               :
               Be
               carefull
               to
               take
               away
               
               all
               the
               dead
               leaves
               of
               your
               Cabbages
               ,
               as
               well
               that
               they
               may
               looke
               handsomely
               ,
               as
               to
               avoid
               the
               ill
               sents
               which
               proceed
               from
               their
               corruption
               ,
               which
               breeds
               and
               invites
               the
               
                 Vermine
                 ,
                 Snaile
                 ,
                 Frogs
              
               and
               Toads
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               which
               greatly
               endamage
               the
               Plants
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               When
               their
               heads
               and
               pomes
               are
               formed
               ,
               if
               you
               perceive
               any
               of
               them
               ready
               to
               run
               to
               seede
               ,
               draw
               the
               plant
               half
               out
               of
               the
               ground
               ,
               or
               tread
               down
               the
               Stem
               ,
               till
               the
               cabbage
               inclines
               to
               one
               side
               ,
               this
               will
               much
               impead
               its
               seeding
               ,
               and
               you
               may
               mark
               those
               Cabbages
               to
               be
               first
               spent
               .
            
             
               For
               the
               seeds
               ,
               reserve
               of
               your
               best
               
                 Cabbages
                 ,
                 transplanting
              
               them
               in
               some
               warm
               place
               ,
               free
               from
               the
               Winter
               winds
               ,
               during
               the
               greater
               frosts
               ,
               and
               covering
               them
               with
               
                 Earthen
                 Pots
              
               ,
               and
               warm
               soyl
               over
               the
               pots
               :
               But
               when
               the
               weather
               is
               mild
               ,
               you
               may
               sometimes
               shew
               them
               
               the
               ayr
               ,
               and
               reinvigorate
               them
               with
               the
               sun
               ,
               being
               carefull
               to
               cover
               them
               again
               in
               the
               evening
               ,
               least
               the
               frost
               surprise
               them
               .
            
             
               Others
               you
               shall
               preserve
               in
               the
               house
               ,
               hanging
               them
               up
               by
               their
               rootes
               about
               a
               fourtnight
               ,
               that
               so
               all
               the
               water
               that
               lurks
               amongst
               the
               leaves
               may
               drop
               out
               ,
               which
               would
               otherwise
               rot
               them
               .
               That
               season
               past
               bury
               them
               in
               ground
               half
               way
               the
               stalk
               ,
               ranging
               them
               so
               neer
               as
               they
               may
               touch
               each
               other
               .
            
             
               For
               those
               which
               arive
               to
               no
               head
               you
               need
               only
               remove
               them
               ,
               or
               leave
               them
               in
               the
               places
               where
               they
               stand
               ,
               they
               will
               endure
               the
               Winter
               well
               enough
               ,
               and
               run
               to
               seed
               betimes
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               seed
               is
               ripe
               (
               which
               you
               will
               know
               by
               the
               drinesse
               of
               the
               swads
               which
               will
               then
               open
               of
               themselves
               )
               you
               shall
               gently
               pull
               up
               the
               Plant
               ,
               drawing
               it
               by
               the
               stalks
               ,
               and
               lay
               them
               aslope
               at
               the
               
               foot
               of
               your
               Hedges
               or
               Walls
               to
               dry
               ,
               and
               perfect
               their
               maturity
               :
               but
               it
               w●ll
               not
               be
               amisse
               to
               fasten
               them
               with
               some
               small
               twig
               of
               an
               Ozyer
               ,
               for
               fear
               the
               Winde
               fling
               them
               down
               ,
               and
               disperse
               a
               great
               deale
               of
               the
               Seeds
               .
            
             
               
                 Season
                 of
                 sowing
                 .
              
               In
               August
               you
               shall
               sowe
               Cabbages
               to
               head
               ,
               upon
               some
               bed
               by
               it self
               ,
               there
               to
               passe
               the
               Winter
               ,
               as
               in
               a
               Nursery
               ,
               till
               the
               Spring
               ,
               when
               you
               must
               plant
               them
               forth
               in
               the
               manner
               I
               have
               already
               taught
               :
               and
               by
               this
               means
               you
               will
               have
               
                 headed
                 Cabbages
              
               betimes
               ,
               especially
               provided
               that
               you
               be
               careful
               in
               well
               ordering
               them
               .
            
             
               
                 Insects
                 .
              
               There
               are
               several
               little
               Animals
               which
               gnaw
               and
               indammage
               Cabbages
               ,
               as
               well
               whilst
               they
               are
               yet
               young
               and
               tender
               ,
               as
               when
               they
               be
               arrived
               to
               bigger
               growth
               ;
               as
               a
               certain
               
                 green
                 hopping
                 Flie
                 ,
                 Snails
                 ,
                 Ants
                 ,
              
               the
               great
               Flea
               ,
               &c.
               
               The
               best
               expedient
               I
               finde
               to
               destroy
               these
               Insects
               ,
               
               is
               ,
               the
               frequent
               watering
               ,
               which
               chaces
               them
               away
               ,
               or
               kills
               them
               :
               For
               during
               the
               great
               heats
               ,
               you
               shall
               see
               your
               Cabbages
               dwindle
               and
               pine
               away
               ,
               every
               day
               importun'd
               by
               these
               Animals
               .
            
             
               At
               the
               full
               of
               the
               moon
               every
               Moneth
               ,
               if
               the
               weather
               be
               fair
               ,
               it
               is
               good
               to
               sowe
               your
               Cabbages
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               prevent
               the
               disorders
               ,
               which
               these
               Devourers
               bring
               upon
               them
               :
               and
               you
               may
               do
               it
               without
               expence
               ,
               by
               sowing
               them
               upon
               the
               borders
               under
               your
               
                 Fruit
                 Trees
              
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               frequently
               dig
               ,
               and
               besides
               the
               waterings
               which
               you
               must
               bestow
               upon
               your
               young
               Plants
               ,
               will
               wonderfully
               improve
               your
               Trees
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               a
               curious
               sort
               of
               Cabbages
               ,
               which
               bear
               many
               heads
               upon
               the
               same
               stalk
               ,
               but
               they
               are
               not
               so
               delicate
               as
               the
               other
               .
            
             
               When
               yo●
               have
               cut
               off
               the
               heads
               of
               your
               Cabbages
               ,
               if
               you
               will
               not
               extirpate
               the
               Trunk
               ,
               they
               will
               produce
               small
               
               small
               sets
               ,
               which
               the
               Italians
               call
               Broccoli
               ,
               the
               French
               
                 des
                 Broques
              
               ,
               and
               are
               ordinarily
               eaten
               in
               
                 Lent
                 in
                 Pease-Pottage
              
               ,
               and
               *
               Intermesses
               at
               the
               best
               Tables
               .
            
             
               
                 Letice
                 .
              
               There
               are
               almost
               as
               many
               sorts
               of
               Lettuce
               as
               there
               be
               of
               Cabbages
               and
               therefore
               I
               have
               ranged
               them
               together
               in
               the
               same
               chapter
               .
            
             
               For
               such
               as
               harden
               and
               grow
               into
               heads
               we
               have
               the
               Cabbage-Lettuce
               and
               a
               sort
               that
               beares
               divers
               heads
               upon
               the
               same
               stalk
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Cockle
                 Lettuce
              
               ,
               the
               
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 Roman
              
               and
               the
               
                 curled
                 lettuce
              
               ,
               which
               pome
               like
               Succory
               .
            
             
               Others
               that
               grow
               not
               so
               close
               ,
               as
               a
               sort
               of
               
                 curled
                 lettuce
              
               and
               severall
               other
               species
               :
               Others
               which
               must
               be
               bound
               to
               render
               them
               white
               ,
               such
               as
               the
               Oake-leafed
               ,
               the
               Royal
               and
               Roman
               .
            
             
               
                 Sowing
                 .
              
               Lettuce
               may
               be
               sown
               all
               the
               year
               long
               ,
               Winter
               excepted
               :
               for
               from
               the
               time
               that
               you
               begin
               to
               sow
               them
               
               upon
               your
               first
               Bed
               (
               as
               I
               have
               describ'd
               it
               in
               the
               Article
               of
               Melons
               )
               to
               the
               very
               end
               of
               October
               ,
               you
               may
               raise
               them
               .
            
             
               
                 Transplanting
                 .
              
               To
               make
               them
               pome
               and
               head
               like
               a
               Cabbage
               ,
               you
               shall
               need
               onely
               to
               transplant
               them
               ,
               half
               a
               foot
               or
               little
               more
               distant
               ,
               and
               this
               you
               may
               do
               upon
               the
               borders
               ,
               under
               your
               
                 Hedges
                 ,
                 Trees
              
               ,
               and
               Palisades
               ,
               without
               employing
               any
               other
               quarter
               of
               your
               Garden
               .
            
             
               During
               the
               excessive
               heat
               of
               the
               year
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               difficult
               to
               make
               them
               head
               ,
               unlesse
               you
               water
               them
               plentifully
               ,
               because
               the
               Season
               prompts
               them
               to
               run
               to
               seed
               .
            
             
               Those
               of
               Genoa
               are
               to
               be
               preferred
               before
               all
               others
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               bignesse
               ,
               and
               for
               that
               they
               will
               endure
               the
               Winter
               above
               ground
               ,
               being
               transplanted
               ;
               or
               you
               may
               make
               use
               of
               them
               in
               Pottage
               ,
               and
               for
               that
               they
               furnish
               you
               with
               heads
               from
               the
               very
               end
               of
               April
               .
            
             
             
               For
               such
               as
               do
               not
               come
               to
               head
               at
               all
               you
               need
               only
               sow
               them
               ,
               and
               as
               they
               spring
               ,
               to
               thin
               them
               (
               that
               is
               extirpate
               the
               supperfluous
               )
               that
               those
               which
               remain
               may
               have
               sufficient
               soope
               to
               spread
               :
               some
               transplant
               them
               ,
               but
               it
               is
               lost
               labour
               ,
               the
               Plant
               being
               so
               easily
               raised
               .
            
             
               
                 Roman
                 lettuce
                 .
                 Heading
                 .
              
               The
               Lettice-Royall
               would
               be
               removed
               at
               a
               foot
               or
               more
               distance
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               perceive
               that
               the
               plants
               have
               covered
               all
               the
               ground
               then
               in
               some
               
                 fair
                 day
              
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               morning
               dew
               is
               vanish't
               you
               shall
               tie
               them
               in
               two
               or
               three
               several
               places
               one
               above
               another
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               do
               with
               any
               
                 long
                 straw
              
               ,
               or
               raw-hemp
               ,
               and
               this
               at
               severall
               times
               ,
               viz.
               not
               promiseuously
               ,
               as
               they
               stand
               ,
               but
               choosing
               the
               fairest
               plants
               first
               to
               give
               roome
               and
               ayr
               to
               the
               more
               feeble
               ,
               and
               by
               this
               means
               they
               will
               last
               you
               the
               longer
               :
               The
               first
               being
               
               blanched
               ,
               and
               ready
               ,
               before
               the
               other
               are
               fit
               to
               bind
               .
            
             
               
                 Blanching
                 .
              
               If
               you
               would
               blanch
               them
               with
               more
               expedition
               ,
               you
               shall
               cover
               every
               plant
               with
               a
               small
               earthen
               Pot
               fashioned
               like
               a
               
                 Gold-Smiths
                 Crusible
              
               ,
               and
               then
               lay
               some
               
                 hot
                 soyl
              
               upon
               them
               ;
               and
               thus
               they
               will
               quickly
               become
               white
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               Lettuce-seed
               is
               very
               easily
               gathered
               ,
               because
               the
               great
               heats
               cause
               it
               to
               spring
               sooner
               up
               then
               one
               would
               have
               it
               ,
               especially
               the
               earliest
               sowne
               .
               Pull
               them
               therefore
               up
               as
               soone
               as
               you
               perceive
               that
               above
               halfe
               of
               their
               flowers
               are
               past
               ,
               and
               lay
               them
               a
               ripening
               against
               your
               hedges
               ,
               and
               in
               ten
               or
               twelve
               dayes
               they
               will
               be
               drie
               enough
               to
               rub
               out
               their
               seed
               betwixt
               your
               hands
               ,
               which
               being
               clensed
               from
               the
               husks
               and
               ordure
               ,
               preserve
               ,
               each
               kind
               by
               it selfe
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               SECT
               .
               IV.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Roots
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Roots
                 .
                 Parsenp
                 .
              
               THe
               Red
               Beet
               ,
               or
               Roman
               Parsnep
               ,
               as
               the
               greatest
               ,
               shall
               have
               the
               preheminence
               in
               this
               Chapter
               .
               They
               should
               be
               placed
               in
               excellent
               ground
               ,
               well
               soyl'd
               and
               trenched
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               produce
               long
               and
               fair
               roots
               ,
               not
               forked
               ;
               for
               if
               they
               do
               not
               encounter
               a
               bottom
               to
               their
               liking
               ,
               they
               spread
               indeed
               at
               head
               ,
               but
               have
               always
               a
               hole
               in
               the
               middle
               ,
               which
               being
               very
               profound
               ,
               renders
               them
               tough
               and
               full
               of
               Fibers
               to
               the
               great
               detriment
               of
               their
               colour
               ,
               which
               makes
               them
               despised
               .
               And
               therefore
               ,
               if
               ,
               to
               avoid
               the
               expence
               ,
               you
               do
               not
               trench
               your
               Garden
               ,
               you
               must
               of
               necessity
               bestow
               two
               diggings
               one
               upon
               another
               ,
               as
               I
               shall
               here
               teach
               you
               ,
               a
               diminutive
               only
               of
               trenching
               .
            
             
             
               You
               must
               dig
               a
               Furrow
               all
               the
               length
               of
               your
               Bed
               ,
               a
               full
               foot
               deep
               ,
               and
               two
               foot
               large
               ,
               casting
               the
               earth
               all
               at
               one
               side
               ,
               then
               dig
               another
               course
               in
               the
               same
               trench
               ,
               as
               deep
               as
               possible
               you
               can
               ,
               without
               casting
               out
               the
               mould
               :
               afterwards
               fling
               in
               excellent
               Dung
               ,
               fat
               and
               rich
               ,
               which
               must
               lye
               about
               four
               fingers
               thick
               ;
               and
               for
               this
               the
               Soyl
               of
               Cows
               and
               Sheep
               ,
               newly
               made
               after
               fothering
               time
               is
               past
               ,
               is
               the
               best
               .
               When
               this
               is
               done
               ,
               dig
               a
               second
               trench
               ,
               casting
               the
               first
               mould
               upon
               this
               Compost
               ,
               and
               lay
               dung
               upon
               that
               likewise
               ;
               then
               dig
               the
               next
               ,
               and
               cast
               Soyl
               upon
               that
               ,
               as
               you
               did
               upon
               the
               first
               ,
               and
               so
               continue
               this
               till
               you
               have
               trenched
               the
               whole
               Bed.
               Your
               last
               Furrow
               will
               be
               but
               a
               single
               depth
               ,
               for
               which
               you
               may
               consider
               of
               three
               expedients
               ,
               and
               take
               that
               which
               best
               pleases
               you
               ,
               and
               which
               will
               cost
               you
               least
               to
               fill
               ;
               or
               else
               you
               may
               
               fetch
               the
               earth
               which
               you
               took
               out
               of
               the
               first
               trench
               ,
               and
               fill
               it
               up
               even
               ,
               setting
               your
               Level
               on
               ,
               or
               leaving
               it
               void
               to
               cast
               your
               weeds
               into
               ,
               where
               they
               will
               consume
               and
               become
               good
               soyl
               reserving
               so
               much
               earth
               as
               will
               serve
               to
               make
               the
               Area
               of
               the
               bed
               even
               ,
               at
               every
               dressing
               which
               you
               give
               it
               .
            
             
               This
               manner
               of
               
                 good
                 husbandry
              
               is
               what
               I
               would
               have
               described
               before
               in
               the
               first
               section
               of
               the
               former
               Treatise
               ,
               when
               I
               spake
               of
               trenching
               the
               ground
               ,
               when
               I
               promised
               to
               shew
               how
               you
               should
               better
               and
               improve
               your
               Garden
               at
               lesse
               charge
               ,
               and
               this
               I
               esteem
               sufficient
               for
               the
               raising
               of
               all
               sorts
               of
               
                 pot
                 herbs
              
               and
               pulse
               .
            
             
               
                 ●owing
                 .
              
               The
               winter
               intirely
               past
               you
               shall
               sow
               your
               
                 Red
                 Beets
              
               either
               upon
               Beds
               ,
               making
               holes
               with
               the
               
                 setting
                 stick
              
               fourteen
               or
               fifteen
               inches
               asunder
               ,
               and
               dropping
               3
               seeds
               into
               every
               hole
               ,
               or
               confusedly
               ,
               to
               be
               transplanted
               ,
               
               those
               which
               are
               not
               transplanted
               be
               subject
               to
               grow
               forked
               ,
               but
               those
               which
               you
               thus
               remove
               ,
               grow
               ordinarily
               longer
               and
               fairer
               ,
               because
               you
               will
               be
               sure
               to
               choose
               the
               likeliest
               plants
               .
            
             
               
                 Removing
                 .
              
               In
               removing
               the
               plants
               you
               shall
               practise
               the
               same
               rule
               that
               I
               shewed
               in
               Cabbages
               ,
               excepting
               only
               ,
               that
               you
               cut
               not
               off
               the
               tops
               .
            
             
               
                 Housing
                 .
              
               A
               little
               before
               the
               frosts
               you
               shall
               draw
               them
               out
               of
               the
               ground
               ,
               and
               lay
               them
               in
               the
               house
               ,
               burying
               their
               Rootes
               in
               the
               Sand
               to
               the
               neck
               of
               the
               Plant
               ,
               and
               ranging
               them
               one
               by
               another
               somewhat
               shelving
               and
               thus
               another
               bed
               of
               sand
               ,
               and
               another
               of
               Beets
               ,
               continuing
               this
               order
               to
               the
               last
               .
               After
               this
               manner
               they
               will
               keep
               very
               fresh
               ,
               spending
               them
               as
               you
               have
               occasion
               ,
               and
               as
               they
               stand
               ,
               and
               not
               drawing
               any
               of
               them
               out
               of
               the
               middle
               or
               sides
               for
               choyce
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               
               For
               the
               Seed
               you
               shall
               reserve
               of
               the
               best
               and
               fairest
               Roots
               ,
               which
               you
               shall
               bury
               as
               you
               did
               the
               rest
               ,
               to
               replant
               in
               the
               Spring
               ,
               in
               some
               voyd
               place
               neer
               the
               borders
               of
               your
               fruit-hedges
               ;
               because
               there
               you
               may
               stop
               its
               growth
               ,
               which
               the
               windes
               would
               overthrow
               by
               reason
               of
               its
               overlopping
               ,
               and
               poize
               ;
               unlesse
               it
               be
               sustained
               :
               except
               that
               you
               had
               rather
               place
               them
               in
               some
               Bed
               ,
               where
               you
               must
               support
               them
               with
               strong
               stakes
               for
               the
               purpose
               .
            
             
               The
               Grain
               ripe
               ,
               pull
               up
               the
               Plan●s
               ,
               and
               tye
               them
               to
               your
               Pole-hedg
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               dry
               and
               ripen
               with
               the
               more
               facility
               :
               then
               rub
               it
               out
               gently
               'twixt
               your
               hands
               ,
               and
               be
               sure
               to
               dry
               it
               well
               to
               preserve
               it
               from
               becoming
               musty
               .
            
             
               
                 Carrots
                 .
              
               Carrots
               and
               Parsneps
               are
               to
               be
               governed
               like
               Beets
               ;
               but
               are
               much
               more
               hardy
               ,
               and
               easily
               endure
               the
               Winter
               without
               prejudice
               ,
               till
               the
               Spring
               ,
               when
               they
               run
               up
               to
               seed
               ,
               
               and
               are
               then
               not
               to
               be
               eaten
               :
               and
               therefore
               you
               shall
               draw
               your
               provisions
               in
               the
               Winter
               ,
               and
               preserve
               them
               for
               your
               spending
               ,
               as
               you
               did
               the
               Beets
               .
            
             
               
                 Season
                 .
              
               There
               are
               Carrots
               of
               three
               
                 colours
                 ,
                 yellow
                 ,
                 white
              
               ,
               and
               red
               .
               The
               first
               of
               these
               is
               the
               most
               delicate
               ,
               for
               the
               Pot
               ,
               or
               Inter-mess
               :
               If
               you
               would
               have
               those
               that
               be
               very
               tender
               in
               May
               (
               as
               the
               Picards
               and
               those
               of
               Amiens
               have
               them
               ,
               who
               put
               them
               in
               their
               Pottage
               instead
               of
               hearbs
               )
               you
               must
               soyl
               the
               ground
               ,
               and
               prepare
               it
               by
               good
               dressing
               before
               Summer
               .
               In
               August
               you
               shall
               sowe
               at
               the
               decrease
               of
               the
               Moon
               :
               They
               will
               spring
               before
               Winter
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               cleanse
               them
               from
               weeds
               ,
               you
               must
               thin
               them
               where
               you
               finde
               they
               grow
               confusedly
               ,
               since
               you
               need
               not
               transplant
               them
               as
               you
               do
               your
               Beets
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               For
               the
               Seed
               ,
               chuse
               the
               very
               prime
               and
               longest
               Roots
               ;
               lay
               them
               all
               Winter
               in
               the
               Cellar
               ,
               and
               set
               them
               
               in
               the
               ground
               again
               at
               the
               Spring
               as
               you
               do
               Beets
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               run
               to
               seed
               :
               and
               in
               case
               you
               leave
               any
               in
               the
               grou●d
               ,
               they
               will
               easily
               passe
               the
               winter
               without
               rotting
               ,
               and
               come
               to
               seed
               in
               their
               season
               :
               but
               it
               is
               best
               to
               draw
               them
               out
               ,
               as
               I
               said
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               cull
               the
               best
               for
               propagation
               ;
               a
               Rule
               to
               be
               well
               observed
               in
               all
               sorts
               of
               Plants
               ,
               if
               you
               be
               ambitious
               to
               have
               the
               best
               .
            
             
               
                 Salsifix
                 .
              
               Garden
               Salsifix
               is
               of
               two
               sorts
               ,
               the
               common
               is
               of
               a
               Violet
               colour
               ,
               the
               other
               is
               yellow
               :
               This
               is
               the
               Salsifix
               of
               Spain
               which
               they
               call
               Scorsonera
               ,
               they
               are
               different
               as
               well
               in
               leaf
               ,
               as
               in
               flower
               :
               For
               the
               Violet
               have
               their
               leaf
               like
               the
               small
               five
               rib'd
               Plantine
               ,
               and
               those
               of
               the
               Yellow
               are
               much
               larger
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               but
               very
               lately
               that
               we
               have
               had
               this
               Scorsonera
               in
               France
               ;
               and
               I
               think
               my self
               to
               be
               one
               of
               the
               first
               :
               'T
               is
               a
               Plant
               aboundantly
               more
               delicious
               then
               the
               common
               Salsifix
               ,
               
               and
               has
               preheminence
               above
               all
               other
               .
               Roots
               ,
               that
               it
               does
               not
               lye
               in
               the
               ground
               as
               other
               roots
               which
               become
               stringy
               and
               endure
               but
               a
               year
               :
               Leave
               these
               as
               long
               as
               you
               please
               in
               the
               Earth
               ,
               they
               will
               dayly
               grow
               bigger
               ,
               and
               are
               fit
               to
               eat
               at
               all
               seasons
               ;
               though
               it
               yearly
               run
               up
               to
               Seed
               .
            
             
               
                 Dressing
                 .
              
               'T
               is
               good
               to
               scrape
               off
               the
               brown
               crusty
               part
               of
               the
               Rinde
               (
               from
               whence
               they
               derive
               their
               name
               Scorfonera
               )
               and
               to
               let
               them
               soak
               a
               while
               in
               fair
               water
               before
               you
               boyl
               them
               ;
               because
               they
               cast
               forth
               a
               little
               Bitternesse
               ,
               which
               they
               will
               else
               retain
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               common
               Salsifix
               is
               free
               of
               ;
               which
               being
               simply
               washed
               ,
               are
               boyled
               ,
               and
               the
               Skin
               peeled
               off
               afterward
               .
            
             
               
                 Season
                 .
              
               There
               are
               two
               seasons
               of
               sowing
               ;
               in
               the
               Spring
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               Flower
               is
               past
               ;
               letting
               the
               seed
               flye
               away
               :
               for
               the
               more
               uniformity
               they
               are
               sown
               in
               Lines
               upon
               Beds
               ;
               four
               
               rankes
               on
               a
               bed
               :
               When
               they
               blowe
               you
               must
               Raile
               about
               your
               bed
               with
               stakes
               and
               poles
               like
               a
               
                 pole
                 hedg
              
               ,
               for
               fear
               the
               wind
               breake
               their
               stalks
               and
               fling
               them
               downe
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               prejudice
               of
               your
               seed
               .
               But
               the
               common
               salsifix
               does
               flower
               before
               the
               Spanish
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               To
               gather
               the
               seed
               ,
               you
               must
               be
               sure
               to
               visit
               your
               salsifix
               four
               or
               five
               times
               a
               day
               ,
               for
               it
               will
               vanish
               and
               flie
               away
               like
               the
               down
               or
               Gossemeere
               ,
               of
               Dandelyon
               ,
               and
               therefore
               you
               must
               be
               watchfull
               ,
               to
               gather
               all
               the
               beards
               ,
               and
               taking
               them
               with
               the
               tops
               of
               your
               fingers
               ,
               pluck
               out
               the
               seed
               (
               as
               soon
               as
               ever
               you
               perceive
               their
               heads
               to
               grow
               downy
               )
               which
               you
               shall
               put
               into
               some
               earthen
               pot
               (
               which
               must
               stand
               ready
               ,
               neer
               the
               bed
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               not
               be
               troubled
               to
               carry
               it
               in
               and
               out
               so
               often
               )
               covering
               it
               with
               a
               tyle
               ,
               to
               keep
               out
               the
               raine
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               
                 Radishes
                 .
              
               
               There
               are
               three
               sorts
               of
               Radishes
               .
               The
               Horse-Radish
               ,
               the
               Black-Radish
               and
               the
               
                 Small
                 ordinary
                 eating
                 radish
              
               .
            
             
               
                 Horse-radishes
                 .
              
               The
               Horse-radish
               is
               a
               grosse
               kinde
               of
               food
               ,
               very
               common
               in
               Limoges
               amongst
               the
               poorer
               people
               ,
               who
               diversly
               accommodate
               them
               ,
               by
               
                 boyling
                 ,
                 frying
              
               ,
               and
               eating
               them
               with
               oyle
               ,
               having
               first
               cut
               them
               in
               slices
               and
               soaked
               them
               in
               water
               to
               take
               away
               their
               rankness
               :
               You
               may
               sowe
               them
               all
               Ialy
               even
               to
               three
               lines
               ,
               that
               in
               case
               the
               
                 first
                 crops
              
               do
               not
               prosper
               ,
               the
               other
               may
               .
               They
               affect
               a
               sandy
               ground
               well
               soyled
               ,
               and
               turned
               up
               two
               or
               three
               times
               ,
               and
               so
               they
               will
               come
               very
               fair
               ,
               there
               are
               some
               that
               are
               as
               big
               as
               a
               
                 twopeny
                 loafe
              
               :
               You
               must
               draw
               them
               out
               of
               the
               ground
               before
               the
               frosts
               ,
               and
               conserve
               them
               in
               a
               warme
               place
               ,
               as
               you
               do
               your
               Turneps
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               For
               their
               seed
               you
               need
               only
               leave
               the
               fairest
               in
               the
               ground
               which
               will
               passe
               the
               Winter
               well
               enough
               
               and
               produce
               you
               their
               seed
               in
               their
               season
               ▪
               but
               the
               most
               certain
               way
               is
               to
               transplant
               some
               of
               the
               biggest
               as
               soon
               as
               the
               hard
               Frosts
               are
               past
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Black
                 Radish
              
               is
               little
               worth
               ,
               but
               they
               are
               raised
               as
               the
               smaller
               are
               .
            
             
               
                 Small
                 raddish
                 .
                 Sowing
                 .
              
               The
               
                 Small
                 Radish
              
               or
               little
               Rabbon
               ,
               may
               be
               sown
               at
               every
               decrease
               of
               the
               Moon
               ,
               from
               the
               time
               you
               begin
               your
               hot
               Melon-Bed
               ,
               to
               the
               very
               end
               of
               October
               .
               They
               are
               several
               wayes
               ordered
               :
               for
               if
               you
               desire
               them
               very
               fair
               ,
               transparent
               ,
               clean
               and
               long
               ,
               you
               must
               when
               you
               sowe
               your
               Melons
               in
               some
               part
               of
               the
               Bed
               ,
               (
               whilst
               it
               yet
               remains
               warm
               )
               make
               holes
               as
               deep
               as
               your
               finger
               ,
               three
               inches
               distant
               from
               each
               other
               .
               In
               every
               of
               these
               holes
               drop
               in
               two
               
                 Radish
                 seeds
              
               ,
               and
               covering
               them
               with
               a
               little
               sand
               leave
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               hole
               open
               :
               thus
               they
               will
               grow
               to
               the
               whole
               length
               of
               your
               finger
               higher
               then
               otherwise
               they
               would
               
               have
               done
               ,
               and
               not
               put
               forth
               any
               leaves
               till
               after
               they
               are
               come
               up
               above
               the
               level
               of
               the
               Bed.
               
            
             
               When
               your
               Melons
               are
               transplanted
               ,
               you
               may
               sowe
               them
               upon
               their
               bed
               ,
               and
               in
               other
               open
               ground
               ,
               by
               even
               lines
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               Let
               the
               
                 first
                 sown
              
               run
               to
               seed
               ,
               and
               gather
               them
               when
               you
               first
               perceive
               their
               Swads
               below
               to
               open
               and
               shead
               :
               then
               lay
               them
               to
               ripen
               and
               drie
               along
               your
               Hedges
               ,
               as
               I
               instructed
               you
               before
               .
               The
               best
               seed
               which
               we
               have
               comes
               from
               the
               Gardens
               about
               Amiens
               ;
               where
               amongst
               their
               low
               grounds
               they
               raise
               that
               which
               is
               excellent
               .
               At
               their
               first
               coming
               up
               ,
               they
               appear
               like
               the
               wilde
               :
               but
               after
               the
               fourth
               or
               sixth
               leaf
               they
               grow
               very
               lusty
               ,
               provided
               they
               be
               well
               watered
               .
            
             
               
                 Turneps
                 .
              
               There
               are
               several
               sorts
               of
               Turneps
               which
               I
               shall
               not
               particularize
               ;
               I
               shall
               onely
               affirme
               that
               the
               lesser
               are
               the
               best
               ,
               and
               most
               agreeable
               
               to
               the
               tast
               ,
               the
               other
               being
               
                 soft
                 ,
                 flashy
              
               ,
               and
               insipid
               .
            
             
               
                 Season
                 .
              
               You
               may
               sowe
               them
               at
               
                 two
                 seasons
              
               ;
               at
               spring
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               beginning
               of
               August
               .
               All
               the
               difficulty
               is
               in
               taking
               the
               right
               time
               ,
               for
               if
               the
               weather
               prove
               wet
               ,
               the
               seed
               will
               burst
               ,
               and
               not
               sprout
               at
               all
               :
               If
               too
               dry
               it
               will
               not
               
                 come
                 up
              
               ,
               and
               therefore
               ,
               if
               you
               perceive
               your
               first
               season
               to
               faile
               ,
               you
               shall
               give
               them
               a
               second
               digging
               or
               howing
               ,
               and
               sowe
               anew
               .
               
                 Vermine
                 .
              
               So
               soon
               as
               they
               come
               up
               and
               have
               two
               or
               four
               leaves
               ,
               if
               the
               weather
               be
               very
               dry
               ,
               the
               Ticquet
               ,
               or
               winged
               wormes
               ,
               and
               the
               flea
               ,
               will
               fall
               upon
               them
               and
               devoure
               them
               ,
               and
               all
               your
               paines
               :
               therefore
               (
               as
               I
               said
               )
               if
               you
               see
               your
               first
               to
               have
               failed
               ,
               you
               must
               begin
               again
               .
            
             
               To
               be
               excellent
               ,
               they
               must
               not
               remain
               above
               six-weekes
               in
               the
               ground
               ,
               least
               they
               become
               worm-eaten
               ,
               withered
               ,
               ill
               meat
               ,
               and
               full
               of
               strings
               .
            
             
               
                 Housing
                 .
              
               
               House●hem
               ●hem
               in
               Winter
               in
               your
               Cellar
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               place
               where
               they
               may
               be
               exempt
               from
               the
               frost
               ,
               and
               without
               any
               other
               trouble
               ,
               save
               laying
               them
               in
               heaps
               ,
               or
               bunches
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               For
               the
               seed
               reserve
               the
               biggest
               ,
               longest
               ,
               and
               brightest
               roots
               ,
               which
               you
               shal
               plant
               in
               the
               ground
               at
               spring
               ,
               and
               draw
               forth
               again
               when
               you
               perceive
               the
               pods
               to
               open
               ;
               then
               set
               them
               a
               drying
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               rub
               out
               the
               seed
               upon
               a
               sheet
               ,
               expos'd
               the
               remainder
               of
               the
               day
               to
               the
               sun
               to
               exhaust
               their
               moysture
               ;
               then
               ,
               having
               well
               cleansed
               it
               ,
               reserve
               it
               in
               some
               temperate
               place
               .
            
             
               
                 Parsly
                 .
              
               We
               will
               range
               Parsly
               also
               among
               the
               roots
               ,
               though
               its
               leafe
               be
               the
               most
               in
               esteem
               ,
               and
               used
               in
               severall
               dishes
               ,
               serving
               oftentimes
               instead
               of
               Pepper
               and
               spice
               .
            
             
               
                 Season
                 .
              
               When
               the
               frosts
               are
               past
               ,
               you
               shal
               sowe
               the
               greater
               and
               lesser
               sort
               of
               Parsly
               ,
               the
               Pennach't
               ,
               and
               the
               curled
               ,
               in
               ground
               deeply
               dug
               ,
               and
               
               well
               ●oyled
               that
               it
               may
               produce
               long
               and
               goodly
               roots
               .
               Sow
               your
               seed
               upon
               your
               beds
               in
               each
               four
               lines
               ,
               the
               mould
               made
               very
               fine
               and
               well
               raked
               :
               You
               may
               sow
               Leeks
               over
               them
               ,
               chopping
               them
               gently
               in
               with
               the
               rake
               only
               :
               when
               all
               is
               clear
               ,
               cover
               the
               whole
               bed
               about
               two
               fingers
               thick
               with
               some
               dung
               of
               the
               
                 old
                 bed
              
               as
               wel
               to
               amend
               the
               ground
               ,
               as
               to
               preserve
               the
               seeds
               from
               being
               beaten
               out
               with
               the
               raine
               ,
               your
               watring
               ,
               and
               from
               bursting
               .
            
             
               
                 Dressing
                 .
              
               Now
               ●ince
               Parsly-seed
               lyes
               a
               moneth
               in
               the
               ground
               ,
               before
               it
               comes
               up
               ,
               the
               leeks
               will
               have
               time
               enough
               to
               spring
               and
               be
               sufficiently
               strong
               to
               be
               removed
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               pull
               them
               up
               for
               this
               purpose
               ,
               it
               will
               serve
               as
               a
               second
               dressing
               and
               weeding
               to
               your
               parsly
               ,
               and
               when
               by
               this
               means
               they
               are
               grown
               ,
               you
               may
               thin
               them
               where
               you
               perceive
               the
               plants
               come
               up
               too
               thick
               ,
               which
               will
               very
               much
               improve
               them
               .
            
             
             
               You
               may
               cut
               the
               leaves
               when
               ever
               you
               have
               need
               ,
               without
               the
               least
               detriment
               to
               the
               plant
               .
            
             
               
                 rootes
                 .
              
               Leave
               the
               roots
               in
               the
               ground
               for
               your
               use
               ,
               because
               they
               daily
               grow
               bigger
               and
               that
               even
               all
               the
               winter
               long
               ,
               however
               you
               'l
               do
               well
               to
               take
               as
               many
               up
               as
               you
               conceive
               you
               may
               need
               ,
               least
               when
               the
               earth
               is
               hard
               frozen
               ,
               you
               can
               procure
               none
               in
               case
               of
               necessity
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               For
               the
               seed
               ,
               let
               one
               end
               of
               your
               bed
               stand
               unpulled
               up
               till
               it
               is
               all
               ripe
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               set
               a
               drying
               ,
               as
               you
               did
               the
               others
               .
            
             
               
                 Skirret
                 .
              
               The
               Skirret
               comes
               of
               seed
               and
               of
               plants
               ,
               but
               the
               best
               and
               fairest
               of
               plants
               ;
               and
               of
               these
               ,
               those
               which
               they
               bring
               from
               Troyes
               in
               Champagne
               are
               most
               esteemed
               .
            
             
               To
               plant
               them
               ,
               you
               must
               in
               spring
               (
               the
               ground
               well
               dug
               ,
               and
               dressed
               )
               make
               four
               small
               rills
               on
               each
               bed
               ,
               two
               fingers
               deep
               ,
               then
               make
               holes
               with
               the
               dibber
               at
               half
               inch
               distance
               
               setting
               in
               every
               hole
               two
               or
               three
               young
               Slips
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               take
               from
               the
               old
               plants
               ,
               being
               carefull
               to
               water
               them
               at
               the
               beginning
               .
            
             
               
                 Spending
                 .
              
               Draw
               them
               out
               of
               the
               ground
               according
               as
               you
               spend
               them
               ,
               the
               rest
               which
               you
               leave
               will
               grow
               bigger
               and
               in
               their
               season
               produce
               their
               ●eed
               .
            
             
               
                 Rampions
              
               Rampions
               ,
               though
               it
               be
               a
               plant
               very
               agreeable
               to
               the
               tast
               ,
               and
               which
               they
               have
               severall
               wayes
               of
               dressing
               :
               Yet
               I
               will
               not
               spend
               time
               in
               teaching
               you
               how
               to
               order
               them
               ,
               since
               they
               grow
               wild
               in
               sufficient
               quantity
               ,
               and
               are
               not
               worth
               the
               trouble
               ofr●aising
               .
            
             
               
                 Jerusalem
                 Artichocks
              
               
                 Ierusalem
                 Artichocks
              
               are
               round
               roots
               which
               come
               all
               in
               knots
               and
               are
               eaten
               in
               Lent
               like
               the
               bottomes
               of
               other
               Artichocks
               :
               they
               need
               no
               great
               ordering
               ,
               and
               if
               they
               be
               planted
               in
               good
               ground
               they
               will
               flowrish
               exceedingly
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               They
               are
               raised
               of
               seed
               ,
               and
               planted
               in
               roots
               ,
               bearing
               flowers
               ,
               
               like
               a
               small
               Heliotrope
               ,
               in
               which
               there
               growes
               a
               world
               of
               seed
               .
               
                 Danger
                 .
              
               The
               Physitians
               say
               that
               the
               use
               of
               them
               is
               prejudiciall
               to
               the
               health
               and
               that
               they
               are
               therefore
               to
               be
               banished
               from
               good
               Tables
            
          
           
             
               SECT
               .
               V.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Pot-hearbs
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Pot-herbs
                 .
                 Beet-leeks
              
               WE
               will
               begin
               with
               the
               white
               Beet
               or
               Leeks
               as
               being
               the
               greatest
               of
               all
               the
               Pot-hearbs
               ,
               and
               of
               which
               there
               is
               more
               spent
               then
               of
               any
               of
               the
               rest
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 white
                 Beet
              
               or
               Beet-Card
               (
               for
               so
               some
               will
               call
               it
               in
               imitation
               of
               the
               Picards
               ,
               who
               really
               merit
               the
               honour
               to
               be
               esteemd
               the
               best
               and
               most
               curious
               Gardiners
               for
               herbs
               ,
               before
               any
               other
               of
               all
               the
               Provinces
               of
               France
               :
               Be
               it
               that
               the●r
               soyle
               and
               climate
               produce
               more
               ,
               or
               that
               
               they
               are
               more
               industrious
               .
               Their
               Hearbs
               are
               a
               great
               deal
               more
               fair
               and
               large
               ,
               then
               in
               other
               places
               .
               
                 Season
                 .
              
               I
               have
               seen
               of
               those
               amongst
               them
               that
               have
               been
               of
               eight
               inches
               Circumference
               ,
               or
               little
               lesse
               ,
               and
               in
               length
               proportionable
               to
               their
               thickness
               )
               is
               to
               be
               sown
               at
               Spring
               when
               the
               Frosts
               are
               quite
               gone
               .
               
                 Transplanting
                 .
              
               You
               may
               make
               use
               of
               your
               Hedge-borders
               for
               this
               purpose
               ,
               and
               when
               they
               come
               to
               have
               six
               leaves
               ,
               you
               shall
               transplant
               them
               in
               ground
               that
               has
               been
               deeply
               trenched
               the
               Autumn
               before
               ,
               and
               lain
               mellowing
               all
               the
               Winter
               .
               Before
               you
               remove
               them
               ,
               soyl
               the
               ground
               very
               well
               ,
               and
               then
               giving
               it
               another
               digging
               ,
               turn
               the
               dung
               into
               the
               bottom
               ,
               then
               taking
               them
               out
               of
               your
               
                 Nursery
                 beds
              
               ,
               cut
               off
               their
               tops
               and
               transplant
               them
               in
               quarters
               ,
               two
               ranges
               in
               a
               Bed
               ;
               and
               a
               yard
               distant
               ,
               making
               a
               small
               Trench
               or
               Line
               ,
               as
               I
               shewed
               before
               ,
               concerning
               removing
               of
               Cabbages
               ,
               
               which
               I
               forbear
               to
               repeat
               to
               avoid
               prolixity
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               would
               have
               them
               abound
               in
               fair
               Cards
               ,
               you
               must
               keep
               them
               well
               
                 hou'd
                 ,
                 Weeded
              
               ,
               and
               watred
               when
               you
               perceive
               they
               need
               it
               .
            
             
               
                 Gathering
                 .
              
               You
               must
               not
               cut
               them
               when
               you
               gather
               ,
               but
               pull
               them
               off
               from
               the
               plant
               ,
               drawing
               them
               a
               little
               aside
               ,
               and
               so
               you
               shall
               not
               injure
               the
               stalk
               ,
               but
               rather
               improve
               those
               which
               remain
               :
               a
               little
               time
               will
               repair
               its
               loss
               .
            
             
               Plant
               not
               those
               for
               Cards
               which
               you
               shall
               finde
               green
               ,
               for
               they
               degenerate
               .
            
             
               
                 Sowing
                 .
              
               You
               may
               sowe
               them
               all
               the
               Summer
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               have
               for
               the
               Pot
               ,
               and
               to
               farce
               such
               as
               are
               tender
               :
               also
               at
               the
               end
               of
               August
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               let
               stand
               all
               the
               winter
               as
               a
               Nursery
               ,
               and
               transplant
               at
               Spring
               ,
               which
               will
               furnish
               you
               with
               Leeks
               very
               early
               .
            
             
               
                 red
                 Beets
                 .
              
               There
               is
               a
               
                 Red
                 Beet
              
               if
               you
               desire
               to
               have
               of
               them
               ,
               for
               Curiosity
               rather
               
               then
               for
               use
               ,
               because
               they
               produce
               but
               small
               Cards
               ,
               which
               being
               boyled
               ,
               lose
               much
               of
               their
               tincture
               ,
               becoming
               pale
               ,
               which
               renders
               them
               lesse
               agreeable
               to
               the
               Palat
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               Eye
               ,
               then
               the
               white
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               For
               the
               Seed
               ,
               leave
               growing
               of
               the
               whitest
               and
               largest
               ,
               without
               cropping
               any
               of
               their
               leaves
               ,
               which
               you
               shall
               support
               with
               a
               good
               stake
               ,
               lest
               its
               weight
               overthrow
               it
               ,
               to
               the
               prejudice
               of
               the
               Seeds
               which
               would
               then
               rot
               in
               lieu
               of
               ripening
               .
               Two
               Plants
               are
               sufficient
               to
               store
               you
               amply
               ,
               which
               you
               shall
               pull
               up
               in
               fair
               weather
               (
               when
               ,
               by
               the
               yellownesse
               of
               the
               colour
               you
               shall
               judge
               it
               to
               be
               ripe
               )
               and
               lay
               a
               drying
               ,
               afterwards
               rub
               out
               the
               seeds
               with
               your
               hands
               upon
               some
               cloth
               ,
               and
               cleansing
               it
               from
               the
               husks
               ,
               give
               it
               a
               second
               drying
               ,
               lest
               it
               become
               musty
               ;
               for
               being
               of
               a
               spongy
               substance
               ,
               as
               the
               Red
               Beets
               are
               ,
               it
               will
               continue
               a
               long
               time
               moyst
               .
            
             
               
                 Orache
                 .
              
               
               There
               is
               another
               sort
               of
               Beets
               ,
               which
               is
               called
               Oracke
               ,
               very
               agreeable
               to
               the
               taste
               ,
               it
               is
               excellent
               in
               Pottage
               ,
               and
               carryes
               its
               own
               Butter
               in
               it self
               :
               it
               is
               raised
               as
               the
               former
               is
               ,
               excepting
               only
               that
               you
               may
               plant
               it
               neerer
               ,
               and
               needs
               no
               transplanting
               ,
               't
               is
               sufficient
               that
               it
               be
               weeded
               ,
               and
               houed
               when
               there
               is
               cause
               .
            
             
               
                 Succory
                 .
              
               There
               are
               several
               kindes
               of
               
                 Garden
                 Succories
              
               ,
               different
               in
               leaf
               and
               bigness●
               ,
               but
               resembling
               in
               taste
               ,
               and
               which
               are
               to
               be
               ordered
               alike
               .
            
             
               
                 Season
                 .
              
               Sow
               it
               in
               the
               Spring
               upon
               the
               borders
               ,
               &
               when
               it
               has
               6
               leaves
               replant
               it
               in
               rich
               ground
               about
               18
               inches
               distance
               ,
               paring
               them
               at
               the
               tops
               .
               When
               they
               are
               grown
               so
               large
               as
               to
               cover
               the
               ground
               ,
               tye
               them
               up
               ,
               as
               I
               instructed
               you
               before
               ,
               where
               I
               treated
               of
               
                 Rom
                 ▪
                 Lettuce
              
               ,
               not
               to
               bind
               them
               up
               by
               handfuls
               as
               they
               grow
               promiscuously
               ,
               but
               the
               strongest
               &
               forwardest
               at
               first
               ,
               letting
               the
               other
               fortifie
               .
               I
               remit
               you
               thitherto
               avo●d
               repetition
               .
               
               It
               is
               in
               the
               second
               Section
               ,
               
                 Art.
                 Lettuce
              
               ,
               where
               you
               will
               also
               finde
               the
               manner
               of
               whiting
               it
               under
               earthen
               Pots
               .
            
             
               
                 Blanching
                 .
              
               There
               is
               yet
               another
               fashion
               of
               Blanching
               it
               .
               In
               the
               great
               heats
               ,
               when
               instead
               of
               heading
               you
               perceive
               it
               would
               run
               to
               
                 seed
                 ,
                 hollow
              
               the
               earth
               at
               one
               side
               of
               the
               Plant
               ,
               and
               couch
               it
               down
               without
               violating
               any
               of
               the
               leaves
               ,
               and
               so
               cover
               it
               ,
               leaving
               out
               only
               the
               tops
               and
               extremity
               of
               the
               leaves
               ,
               and
               thus
               it
               will
               become
               white
               in
               a
               little
               time
               ,
               and
               be
               hindred
               from
               running
               to
               seed
               .
            
             
               Those
               who
               are
               very
               curious
               bind
               the
               leaves
               gently
               before
               they
               interre
               them
               ,
               to
               keep
               out
               the
               Grit
               from
               entring
               between
               them
               ,
               which
               is
               very
               troublesome
               to
               wash
               out
               ,
               when
               you
               would
               dresse
               it
               .
            
             
               Remember
               to
               couch
               them
               all
               at
               one
               side
               ,
               one
               upon
               another
               ,
               as
               they
               grew
               being
               planted
               ,
               beginning
               with
               that
               which
               is
               neerest
               the
               end
               of
               the
               
               Bed
               ,
               and
               continuing
               to
               lay
               them
               ,
               the
               second
               upon
               the
               first
               ,
               and
               the
               third
               upon
               the
               second
               ,
               till
               you
               have
               finished
               all
               the
               ranges
               .
            
             
               I
               finde
               likewise
               two
               other
               manners
               of
               blanching
               them
               for
               the
               Wint●r
               ;
               The
               first
               is
               at
               the
               first
               frosts
               ,
               That
               you
               ●ye
               them
               after
               the
               ordinary
               way
               ,
               and
               then
               at
               the
               end
               of
               eight
               or
               ten
               dayes
               ,
               plucking
               them
               up
               ,
               couch
               them
               in
               the
               bed
               ,
               where
               you
               raised
               them
               from
               seeds
               ,
               making
               a
               small
               trench
               cross
               the
               Bed
               the
               height
               of
               your
               plant
               ,
               which
               will
               be
               about
               
                 eight
                 inches
              
               ,
               beginning
               at
               one
               end
               .
               In
               this
               you
               shall
               range
               your
               plants
               side
               by
               side
               ,
               so
               as
               they
               may
               gently
               touch
               ,
               and
               a
               little
               shelving
               :
               this
               done
               ,
               cover
               them
               with
               small
               rotten
               dung
               of
               the
               same
               bed
               :
               Then
               make
               another
               Furrow
               for
               a
               second
               range
               ,
               in
               which
               order
               lay
               your
               plants
               as
               before
               ,
               continuing
               this
               order
               til
               you
               have
               finish'd
               ,
               and
               last
               of
               all
               cover
               the
               whole
               bed
               four
               fingers
               thick
               ,
               with
               hot
               soyl
               fresh
               
               drawn
               out
               of
               the
               Stable
               ;
               and
               in
               a
               short
               time
               they
               will
               be
               blanched
               .
               If
               you
               will
               afterwards
               cover
               the
               Bed
               with
               some
               Mats
               placed
               a●lant
               ,
               like
               the
               ridge
               of
               a
               house
               to
               preserve
               them
               from
               the
               rain
               ,
               they
               will
               last
               a
               very
               long
               time
               without
               rotting
               .
               When
               you
               would
               have
               any
               of
               them
               for
               use
               ,
               begin
               at
               the
               last
               which
               you
               buried
               ,
               and
               ,
               taking
               them
               as
               they
               come
               ,
               draw
               them
               out
               of
               the
               range
               ,
               and
               break
               off
               what
               you
               finde
               rotten
               upon
               the
               place
               ,
               or
               that
               which
               has
               contracted
               any
               blacknesse
               from
               the
               dung
               ,
               before
               you
               put
               it
               into
               your
               Basket
               for
               the
               Kitchen
               .
            
             
               
                 Housing
                 .
              
               A
               second
               manner
               of
               preserving
               it
               ,
               is
               ,
               to
               interre
               it
               ,
               as
               before
               ,
               in
               Furrows
               of
               Sand
               in
               the
               Cellar
               ,
               placing
               the
               root
               upmost
               ,
               lest
               the
               Sand
               run
               in
               between
               the
               leaves
               ,
               and
               you
               finde
               it
               in
               the
               Dish
               when
               they
               serve
               it
               .
               You
               need
               not
               here
               bestow
               any
               Dung
               upon
               them
               ,
               it
               is
               sufficient
               that
               the
               Sand
               cover
               the
               Plant
               four
               
               fingers
               high
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               take
               it
               out
               for
               use
               ,
               before
               you
               dresse
               it
               ,
               shake
               it
               well
               the
               Root
               upmost
               ,
               that
               all
               the
               Sand
               may
               fall
               out
               from
               the
               leaves
               .
               Take
               them
               likewise
               as
               they
               happen
               to
               lye
               in
               the
               Ranges
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               a
               kinde
               of
               Succory
               ,
               which
               hardens
               of
               it self
               without
               binding
               ;
               which
               is
               a
               small
               sort
               ,
               but
               very
               much
               prized
               for
               its
               excellence
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               For
               the
               Seed
               ,
               leave
               of
               the
               fairest
               Plants
               growing
               ,
               and
               particularly
               such
               as
               you
               perceive
               would
               whiten
               of
               themselves
               ,
               and
               head
               without
               tying
               .
               Let
               it
               well
               mature
               ,
               though
               it
               a
               little
               over
               ripen
               :
               since
               it
               is
               not
               subject
               to
               scatter
               and
               fall
               out
               as
               many
               others
               are
               .
               On
               the
               contrary
               ,
               when
               being
               exceedingly
               dryed
               ,
               you
               shall
               lay
               it
               upon
               the
               Barn-floor
               ,
               you
               shall
               have
               much
               adoe
               ,
               to
               fetch
               out
               the
               Seeds
               from
               the
               heads
               ,
               though
               you
               thrash
               it
               with
               a
               Flail
               .
            
             
               
                 Endive
                 .
              
               
               Of
               Endive
               or
               wilde
               Succory
               ,
               some
               of
               it
               bears
               a
               
                 blew
                 Flower
              
               ,
               others
               a
               white
               ,
               it
               is
               to
               be
               governed
               like
               the
               Garden
               ,
               but
               with
               lesse
               difficulty
               ;
               for
               you
               need
               only
               sowe
               it
               in
               a
               small
               Rill
               ,
               weeding
               ,
               houing
               ,
               and
               thinning
               it
               in
               due
               season
               .
            
             
               
                 Blanching
                 .
                 Housing
                 .
              
               To
               blanch
               it
               ,
               cover
               it
               only
               with
               reasonable
               warm
               dung
               ,
               and
               drawing
               it
               out
               at
               the
               first
               appearance
               of
               Frost
               ,
               keep
               it
               under
               sand
               in
               your
               Cellar
               ,
               as
               you
               do
               other
               Roots
               :
               but
               first
               ,
               it
               ought
               to
               be
               almost
               white
               of
               it self
               :
               The
               root
               is
               very
               much
               esteemed
               ,
               which
               has
               made
               me
               dubious
               whether
               I
               should
               not
               have
               placed
               it
               amongst
               them
               ,
               but
               I
               concluded
               it
               most
               properly
               reserved
               with
               the
               curled
               Succory
               in
               respect
               of
               their
               conformity
               ,
               as
               well
               in
               growing
               ,
               as
               in
               producing
               its
               seeds
               .
            
             
               
                 Sorre●l
                 .
              
               Of
               Sorrel
               we
               have
               very
               many
               kindes
               ,
               the
               Great
               ,
               the
               Lazy
               ,
               &c.
               for
               as
               much
               as
               one
               leaf
               is
               sufficient
               for
               Pottage
               ,
               being
               so
               prodigiously
               
               large
               ,
               that
               they
               have
               some
               leaves
               seven
               inches
               broad
               and
               fifteen
               or
               eighteen
               long
               :
               It
               is
               a
               sort
               which
               has
               been
               transported
               out
               of
               the
               Low-Countryes
               ,
               and
               I
               have
               had
               of
               the
               first
               .
            
             
               A
               second
               kinde
               is
               another
               large
               Sorrel
               resembling
               Patience
               .
            
             
               A
               third
               produces
               no
               seed
               ,
               but
               is
               propagated
               from
               the
               small
               side-leaves
               ,
               which
               it
               shoots
               when
               it
               begins
               to
               spread
               in
               the
               ground
               .
            
             
               A
               fourth
               is
               the
               
                 Small
                 Sorrel
              
               which
               we
               have
               had
               so
               long
               in
               use
               .
            
             
               A
               fift
               is
               the
               
                 round-leaved
                 Sorrel
              
               ,
               large
               ,
               and
               small
               ,
               which
               also
               does
               not
               seed
               ,
               but
               is
               to
               be
               raised
               of
               the
               little
               strings
               with
               which
               it
               o'respreads
               the
               ground
               ,
               and
               by
               little
               tendrels
               which
               grow
               about
               the
               plant
               ,
               and
               which
               you
               may
               take
               up
               in
               tuffts
               to
               furnish
               your
               beds
               withall
               .
            
             
               A
               sixt
               is
               the
               
                 Wild
                 sorrel
              
               ,
               frequently
               found
               upon
               the
               up-lands
               and
               therefore
               not
               worth
               the
               paines
               to
               plant
               in
               gardens
               .
            
             
             
               Lastly
               ,
               there
               is
               a
               seventh
               sort
               ,
               which
               bears
               a
               small
               traingular
               leafe
               called
               Alleluja
               ,
               it
               is
               very
               delicate
               and
               agreeable
               by
               reason
               of
               its
               acidity
               ,
               like
               the
               other
               sorrel
               for
               tast
               ,
               but
               excellent
               in
               
                 pottage
                 ,
                 Farces
              
               and
               Sallades
               ,
               as
               being
               endowed
               with
               the
               same
               qualities
               and
               rellish
               of
               the
               other
               sorrels
               .
            
             
               
                 Soweing
                 .
              
               You
               may
               sow
               all
               those
               sorts
               ,
               which
               produce
               seed
               ,
               after
               the
               frosts
               ,
               in
               narrow
               rills
               ,
               four
               in
               a
               bed
               ,
               but
               be
               diligent
               to
               weed
               it
               ,
               lest
               it
               be
               overgrown
               ;
               when
               it
               is
               a
               little
               strong
               thin
               it
               a
               little
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               the
               better
               prosper
               ,
               and
               if
               you
               please
               ,
               you
               may
               furnish
               other
               beds
               with
               what
               you
               take
               away
               .
            
             
               
                 Transplanting
              
               But
               it
               is
               the
               best
               way
               if
               you
               would
               transplant
               it
               ,
               it
               ,
               to
               gather
               of
               the
               strongest
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               beginning
               of
               Autumn
               or
               spring
               make
               borders
               a
               part
               :
               They
               doe
               well
               either
               way
               ,
               continue
               long
               in
               perfection
               ,
               even
               till
               ten
               or
               twelve
               years
               .
               But
               then
               it
               will
               be
               fit
               to
               remove
               
               it
               ,
               because
               the
               ground
               will
               be
               weary
               of
               being
               alwayes
               burthened
               with
               the
               same
               plant
               ,
               and
               delights
               in
               diversity
               :
               besides
               the
               rootes
               crowding
               and
               pressing
               one
               another
               ,
               cannot
               finde
               sufficient
               substance
               to
               nourish
               and
               entertain
               them
               .
            
             
               
                 Dressing
                 ▪
              
               They
               must
               be
               dug
               at
               least
               thrice
               a
               year
               ,
               which
               should
               be
               at
               the
               entry
               of
               the
               hard
               frosts
               ,
               you
               must
               shake
               some
               Melon
               bed
               dung
               upon
               them
               :
               The
               Soyl
               of
               Poultry
               is
               excellent
               and
               makes
               it
               wonderfully
               flourish
               .
            
             
               At
               this
               second
               digging
               ,
               you
               shall
               extirpate
               what
               ever
               you
               finde
               grow
               scatring
               out
               of
               range
               by
               the
               sheading
               of
               seed
               ,
               and
               geuld
               them
               also
               about
               ,
               cutting
               off
               all
               the
               leaves
               and
               stalks
               neer
               the
               ground
               ,
               before
               you
               cover
               them
               with
               the
               dung
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               The
               seed
               is
               easily
               gatherd
               from
               such
               as
               bear
               it
               ,
               for
               it
               runs
               up
               at
               Midd-Summer
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               see
               it
               ripe
               ,
               cut
               off
               the
               stalkes
               close
               to
               ground
               ,
               afterwards
               being
               dryed
               ,
               
               it
               soon
               quits
               the
               pouches
               ,
               cleanse
               it
               well
               and
               preserve
               it
               for
               use
               .
            
             
               
                 Patience
                 .
              
               Patience
               must
               be
               ordered
               like
               Sorrel
               :
               The
               plant
               is
               not
               so
               delicious
               to
               the
               Palate
               ,
               however
               one
               would
               have
               a
               bed
               of
               it
               ,
               that
               your
               Garden
               may
               be
               compleat
               .
            
             
               
                 Borrage
                 .
              
               The
               Vertues
               of
               Borrage
               recommends
               it
               to
               your
               Garden
               ,
               though
               it
               impaire
               the
               colour
               of
               your
               Pottage
               ,
               darkning
               it
               a
               little
               The
               flowers
               of
               it
               are
               a
               very
               agreeable
               service
               ,
               to
               garnish
               the
               
                 meate
                 ,
                 pottages
                 ,
                 Sallades
              
               ,
               and
               other
               dishes
               ;
               since
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               sweetnesse
               ,
               they
               may
               be
               eaten
               without
               any
               disgust
               .
            
             
               
                 Soweing
                 .
              
               It
               is
               to
               be
               sow●e
               in
               the
               spring
               ,
               like
               other
               herbs
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               left
               in
               the
               ground
               :
               their
               hardy
               Ro●ts
               supporting
               the
               hardest
               
                 frosts
                 ,
                 sprouting
              
               a
               fresh
               in
               the
               Spring
               :
               The
               Gardiners
               of
               Paris
               pull
               up
               the
               whole
               plant
               ,
               and
               sowe
               it
               many
               times
               in
               the
               year
               ,
               to
               have
               it
               alwayes
               tender
               .
            
             
             
               For
               the
               ordering
               of
               it
               ,
               it
               is
               sufficient
               that
               it
               be
               gently
               houed
               and
               weeded
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               For
               the
               seed
               ,
               let
               the
               fairest
               plants
               run
               ,
               and
               when
               they
               are
               full
               ripe
               on
               the
               stalke
               ,
               gather
               and
               save
               it
               .
            
             
               
                 Buglosse
                 .
              
               Buglosse
               is
               to
               be
               govern'd
               like
               borrage
               ,
               and
               therefore
               I
               will
               spend
               no
               more
               time
               upon
               it
               .
            
             
               
                 Chervill
                 .
              
               Chervill
               ,
               besides
               what
               I
               told
               you
               before
               ,
               that
               you
               should
               sowe
               it
               upon
               Beds
               to
               compose
               swaller
               Salades
               at
               the
               end
               of
               Winter
               ;
               It
               will
               be
               good
               to
               sowe
               new
               from
               moneth
               to
               moneth
               (
               though
               it
               be
               but
               little
               )
               that
               you
               may
               still
               have
               it
               fresh
               and
               more
               tender
               ,
               then
               that
               which
               is
               old
               sowne
               .
               The
               borders
               of
               your
               Wall-fruit
               and
               hedges
               may
               serve
               for
               this
               effect
               ,
               forasmuch
               as
               it
               cannot
               prejudice
               your
               Trees
               ,
               being
               so
               small
               ,
               and
               requiring
               so
               little
               substance
               for
               its
               growth
               ,
               and
               the
               small
               time
               of
               its
               Sojourne
               in
               a
               place
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               
               You
               shall
               let
               one
               end
               of
               your
               bed
               run
               to
               graine
               ,
               which
               will
               amply
               suffice
               to
               furnish
               you
               ,
               let
               it
               ripen
               well
               upon
               the
               stalke
               then
               pull
               it
               up
               or
               cut
               it
               ,
               and
               dry
               it
               perfectly
               before
               you
               reserve
               it
               ,
            
             
               There
               is
               another
               sort
               of
               
                 Spanish
                 Chervill
              
               which
               is
               called
               
                 Mirrhis
                 Odorata
              
               whose
               leafe
               much
               resembles
               Hemlock
               :
               But
               very
               agreeable
               to
               the
               tast
               ,
               having
               a
               perfume
               like
               the
               green
               Anis
               ,
               and
               much
               pleasanter
               being
               a
               little
               chewed
               .
            
             
               At
               the
               spring
               ,
               when
               it
               makes
               a
               shoot
               from
               its
               old
               stalke
               ,
               they
               cover
               it
               with
               small
               dung
               ,
               and
               then
               with
               hot
               soyl
               over
               to
               choke
               it
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               be
               fit
               for
               Salads
               ;
               It
               is
               infinitely
               to
               be
               preferred
               before
               Allisanders
               ,
               or
               the
               Sceleri
               of
               Italy
               .
            
             
               
                 Sowing
                 .
              
               You
               shall
               sowe
               it
               in
               spring
               in
               some
               place
               by
               it self
               ,
               and
               till
               it
               be
               come
               up
               do
               nothing
               to
               it
               ,
               besides
               cleansing
               it
               of
               weeds
               as
               they
               spring
               up
               ,
               
               it
               being
               some
               times
               a
               whole
               year
               under
               ground
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               The
               seed
               you
               shall
               gather
               in
               its
               season
               ,
               and
               order
               it
               as
               you
               do
               the
               rest
               .
            
             
               
                 Allisanders
                 .
              
               Allisanders
               are
               to
               be
               ordered
               as
               I
               now
               shewed
               you
               in
               
                 Spanish
                 Chervill
              
               ,
               only
               the
               seed
               of
               it
               does
               not
               ly
               so
               long
               hid
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               is
               not
               to
               be
               eaten
               till
               it
               be
               buryed
               under
               the
               dung
               ,
               or
               covered
               with
               pots
               like
               Succory
               .
            
             
               
                 Sceleri
                 .
              
               
                 Italian
                 Sceleri
              
               shall
               be
               treated
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               :
               the
               shoot
               or
               stalke
               is
               that
               which
               is
               the
               most
               excellent
               in
               the
               plant
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               so
               delicate
               and
               tender
               .
            
             
               
                 Soweing
                 .
              
               These
               three
               last
               plants
               ,
               are
               not
               to
               be
               sowne
               every
               year
               ,
               but
               preserve
               themselves
               in
               the
               ground
               during
               Winter
               without
               prejudice
               .
            
             
               
                 Purslaine
                 .
              
               Of
               Purslaines
               I
               finde
               four
               sorts
               ,
               the
               greene
               ,
               and
               White
               ,
               and
               the
               Golden
               lately
               brought
               us
               from
               the
               Ilands
               
               of
               St.
               Christopher
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               most
               delicate
               of
               all
               the
               rest
               ;
               and
               lastly
               the
               small
               wild
               
                 Purslain
                 ▪
              
               which
               the
               ground
               spontaneously
               produces
               and
               is
               therefore
               least
               esteemed
               .
            
             
               
                 Soweing
                 .
              
               It
               is
               to
               be
               sowne
               at
               spring
               upon
               the
               bed
               ,
               and
               all
               Summer
               long
               ,
               to
               have
               alwayes
               that
               which
               is
               tender
               ,
               bur
               first
               you
               must
               dig
               the
               earth
               well
               ,
               and
               throughly
               dresse
               it
               :
               sprinkle
               your
               seed
               as
               thin
               as
               you
               can
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               more
               difficult
               to
               do
               ,
               because
               the
               grain
               is
               so
               exceeding
               smal
               ,
               and
               when
               it
               is
               sowne
               ,
               you
               shall
               cover
               it
               no
               otherwise
               ,
               then
               by
               clapping
               the
               bed
               with
               the
               back
               of
               your
               spade
               .
               This
               done
               ,
               water
               it
               immediately
               ,
               that
               you
               make
               no
               holes
               in
               the
               bed
               ,
               thus
               it
               will
               come
               up
               speedily
               ,
               provided
               that
               you
               ply
               it
               with
               refreshments
               at
               the
               beginning
               .
            
             
               
                 Transplanting
                 .
              
               To
               be
               master
               of
               excellent
               seed
               you
               must
               transplant
               it
               ,
               and
               thus
               you
               will
               produce
               goodly
               stalks●
               to
               Pickle
               ,
               and
               serve
               to
               put
               in
               your
               winter
               Salads
               ,
               and
               in
               Pottage
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               
               You
               shall
               perceive
               the
               graine
               to
               be
               ripe
               ,
               when
               it
               lookes
               very
               black
               ,
               and
               then
               you
               shall
               pull
               up
               the
               plant
               ,
               and
               lay
               it
               upon
               a
               Sheet
               to
               wither
               ,
               and
               dry
               in
               the
               sun
               :
               But
               at
               night
               carry
               it
               in
               the
               same
               sheet
               into
               the
               house
               ,
               and
               the
               next
               day
               expose
               it
               again
               ,
               continuing
               so
               to
               do
               till
               it
               be
               all
               perfectly
               ripe
               ,
               then
               rub
               it
               'twixt
               your
               hands
               ,
               and
               poure
               it
               into
               another
               sheet
               to
               dry
               throughly
               before
               you
               box
               it
               up
               .
               You
               shall
               set
               your
               plants
               a
               drying
               again
               for
               some
               dayes
               after
               ,
               and
               they
               will
               furnish
               you
               with
               more
               seed
               which
               could
               not
               be
               gotten
               out
               the
               first
               time
               .
            
             
               You
               shall
               finde
               that
               new
               seed
               is
               nothing
               so
               good
               to
               sowe
               as
               that
               which
               is
               two
               ,
               three
               ,
               or
               four
               years
               old
               .
            
             
               
                 Spinach
                 .
              
               Of
               Spinach
               there
               are
               three
               sorts
               :
               The
               large
               which
               has
               not
               the
               leafe
               so
               pointed
               and
               prickly
               as
               the
               smaller
               ,
               and
               the
               Pale
               ,
               which
               makes
               up
               the
               third
               .
            
             
             
               
                 Soweing
                 .
                 Season
                 .
              
               It
               would
               be
               sowne
               in
               the
               beginning
               of
               Autumn
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               gather
               some
               streugth
               before
               winter
               .
               If
               you
               perceive
               that
               it
               springs
               too
               fast
               ,
               you
               may
               cut
               for
               pottage
               ,
               and
               to
               make
               tarts
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               a
               great
               deall
               tenderer
               then
               in
               Lent
               when
               it
               is
               chiefly
               eaten
               .
               The
               manner
               of
               soweing
               of
               it
               is
               on
               beds
               in
               small
               rills
               four
               lines
               in
               a
               bed
               .
               When
               it
               is
               up
               keep
               it
               neatly
               weeded
               ,
               and
               extirpate
               all
               such
               stragling
               plants
               as
               you
               shall
               find
               out
               of
               their
               files
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               Reserve
               a
               corner
               of
               your
               Bed
               for
               the
               seed
               ,
               cutting
               off
               al
               the
               rest
               as
               you
               have
               occasion
               .
               At
               Lent
               pull
               up
               the
               plant
               quite
               for
               the
               use
               of
               the
               Kitchin
               ,
               cutting
               away
               only
               the
               roots
               .
            
             
               The
               seed
               is
               of
               two
               sorts
               ,
               the
               prickly
               ,
               and
               the
               
                 smooth
                 and
                 round
              
               which
               produces
               the
               pale
               coloured
               and
               most
               delicate
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               SECT
               .
               VI.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Beanes
                 ,
                 Peas
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 ▪
                 Pulse
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Beanes
                 .
              
               THere
               are
               three
               sorts
               of
               great
               Beanes
               .
               Those
               which
               we
               call
               at
               
                 Paris
                 ,
                 Marsh-Beans
              
               ,
               which
               grow
               very
               large
               ,
               flat
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               pale
               colour
               :
               Of
               others
               there
               are
               many
               lesser
               kinds
               like
               the
               first
               but
               a
               little
               rounder
               .
               And
               some
               there
               are
               lesse
               yet
               than
               these
               ,
               and
               wholly
               different
               from
               the
               first
               ,
               being
               almost
               exactly
               round
               ,
               of
               a
               gray
               ,
               or
               a
               little
               reddish-coulour
               .
               And
               these
               are
               such
               as
               they
               give
               to
               Horses
               ,
               and
               which
               they
               grind
               for
               divers
               purposes
               .
            
             
               I
               shall
               here
               only
               treate
               how
               the
               
                 great
                 ones
              
               are
               to
               be
               ordered
               ,
               leaving
               the
               small
               as
               of
               small
               consequence
               ,
               and
               shall
               shew
               you
               how
               different
               mens
               opinions
               are
               for
               the
               time
               and
               manner
               of
               soweing
               them
               ,
            
             
               
                 Sowing
                 .
              
               
               Some
               sowe
               them
               about
               Advent
               ,
               and
               hold
               that
               they
               shall
               have
               of
               the
               first
               ready
               to
               eat
               :
               Others
               stay
               till
               Candlemasse
               ,
               and
               some
               will
               have
               the
               frosts
               first
               past
               :
               every
               man
               hath
               his
               particular
               reasons
               ,
               because
               say
               they
               ,
               the
               Flea
               devoures
               their
               tops
               when
               they
               are
               in
               Flower
               .
               For
               my
               own
               particular
               (
               who
               alwayes
               love
               to
               be
               sure
               )
               I
               stay
               till
               after
               the
               frosts
               are
               past
               ,
               and
               I
               build
               my
               reason
               upon
               this
               ;
               That
               the
               season
               is
               all
               in
               all
               :
               not
               that
               I
               would
               disswade
               any
               from
               soweing
               in
               Advent
               ,
               or
               in
               February
               ,
               but
               I
               would
               advise
               you
               to
               be
               sparing
               ,
               and
               to
               reserve
               the
               greatest
               quantity
               for
               the
               spring
               ,
               since
               it
               being
               necessary
               to
               sowe
               them
               in
               the
               best
               ground
               ,
               and
               the
               lowest
               you
               have
               ,
               it
               would
               be
               scarce
               fit
               to
               dig
               at
               those
               two
               seasons
               ,
               being
               more
               retentive
               of
               water
               then
               the
               lighter
               grounds
               ,
            
             
               
                 Choyce
                 .
              
               Before
               you
               sowe
               them
               ,
               make
               choice
               of
               the
               most
               healthy
               and
               best
               
               condition'd
               ;
               then
               steep
               them
               a
               day
               or
               two
               in
               water
               wherein
               dung
               has
               been
               imbibed
               ,
               this
               will
               cause
               them
               to
               flourish
               exceedingly
               ,
               and
               advance
               their
               growth
               above
               ten
               or
               twelve
               dayes
               ,
               and
               besides
               they
               'l
               not
               remain●
               so
               long
               in
               the
               earth
               before
               they
               come
               up
               ,
               will
               greatly
               prevent
               the
               danger
               of
               wormes
               ,
               and
               ,
               being
               throughly
               soaked
               in
               the
               foresayd
               liquor
               ,
               will
               participate
               of
               its
               good
               quality
               ,
               which
               is
               to
               make
               them
               produce
               great
               abundance
               .
            
             
               
                 Ground
                 .
              
               For
               their
               soweing
               ,
               the
               ground
               ought
               to
               be
               dug
               and
               prepared
               before
               winter
               ,
               and
               cleansed
               of
               weeds
               ,
               then
               with
               the
               houe
               make
               a
               furrow
               ,
               upon
               the
               side
               whereof
               ,
               (
               and
               not
               at
               the
               bottome
               )
               drop
               your
               beans
               a
               little
               above
               halfe
               a
               foot
               asunder
               ,
               then
               open
               another
               trench
               ,
               and
               with
               the
               earth
               which
               comes
               out
               of
               that
               ,
               cover
               your
               first
               ,
               then
               a
               third
               ,
               placing
               your
               beans
               as
               on
               the
               first
               and
               so
               continuing
               every
               
                 second
                 furrow
              
               to
               drop
               
               the
               beans
               :
               be
               careful
               to
               make
               your
               trenches
               as
               direct
               as
               you
               can
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               the
               better
               
                 houe
                 ,
                 weed
              
               ,
               and
               crop
               them
               ,
               without
               breaking
               their
               stalks
               ,
               when
               you
               pass
               between
               them
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               others
               ,
               who
               after
               they
               have
               well
               dug
               and
               dressed
               their
               ground
               ,
               tread
               it
               out
               into
               quarters
               ,
               and
               plant
               their
               beans
               with
               a
               Dibber
               ;
               but
               I
               most
               of
               all
               affect
               the
               first
               ,
               because
               it
               makes
               the
               ground
               looser
               about
               them
               .
            
             
               
                 Houing
                 .
              
               Whilst
               they
               are
               growing
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               weeds
               are
               ready
               to
               choke
               them
               ,
               you
               shall
               houe
               and
               cleanse
               them
               carefully
               ,
               without
               doing
               them
               any
               harm
               ;
               and
               when
               they
               are
               pretty
               strong
               ,
               you
               shall
               observe
               that
               the
               Flies
               and
               Gnats
               will
               even
               cover
               the
               tops
               of
               their
               spindles
               ,
               lighting
               upon
               the
               tenderest
               part
               of
               them
               ,
               which
               with
               your
               knife
               you
               may
               crop
               off
               ,
               and
               so
               carry
               away
               both
               the
               tops
               and
               the
               insects
               ,
               casting
               your
               cuttings
               into
               a
               Bushel
               ,
               and
               afterward
               burn
               them
               ,
               
               or
               bury
               them
               in
               your
               dunghil
               pit
               ,
               or
               in
               some
               other
               place
               distant
               from
               your
               beans
               ,
               lest
               they
               return
               back
               again
               .
            
             
               
                 Gathering
                 .
              
               Some
               of
               these
               Beds
               you
               must
               destine
               to
               be
               eaten
               young
               and
               green
               ,
               and
               not
               gather
               the
               Pods
               amongst
               the
               whole
               Crop
               ;
               and
               when
               you
               have
               quite
               plundered
               a
               Plant
               ,
               cut
               the
               stalk
               close
               to
               the
               ground
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               shoot
               up
               another
               ,
               which
               will
               produce
               its
               fruit
               in
               the
               latter
               season
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               For
               seed
               ,
               let
               them
               drie
               upon
               the
               stalks
               ,
               till
               both
               the
               Pods
               and
               they
               are
               grown
               black
               ;
               then
               in
               the
               heat
               of
               day
               pull
               them
               up
               ,
               and
               thrash
               them
               out
               gently
               with
               a
               Flail
               ,
               fanning
               them
               out
               at
               your
               leasure
               .
            
             
               
                 Hame
                 .
              
               Burn
               not
               the
               Hame
               which
               they
               afford
               ,
               though
               it
               makes
               excellent
               ashes
               ,
               but
               cast
               it
               amongst
               your
               Soyl
               ,
               and
               let
               it
               rot
               there
               ,
               for
               it
               will
               greatly
               improve
               it
               :
               nay
               if
               you
               would
               make
               your
               ground
               exceeding
               rich
               ,
               
               sowe
               beans
               in
               it
               ,
               and
               when
               they
               begin
               to
               lose
               their
               blossoms
               ,
               dig
               them
               in
               all
               together
               ,
               earth
               and
               beans
               ,
               without
               minding
               your
               losse
               ,
               for
               this
               sort
               of
               Soyl
               is
               a
               wonderful
               improvement
               of
               your
               land
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               a
               great
               kinde
               of
               Beans
               ,
               which
               are
               of
               a
               red-brown
               colour
               :
               but
               they
               are
               nothing
               so
               delicious
               as
               the
               pale
               .
            
             
               
                 Haricots
                 .
              
               The
               small
               Haricot
               or
               
                 Kidney
                 beans
              
               are
               of
               two
               sorts
               ,
               white
               ,
               and
               coloured
               ,
               amongst
               which
               there
               are
               also
               some
               white
               ,
               but
               they
               are
               lesse
               and
               rounder
               then
               the
               great
               white
               ones
               .
            
             
               
                 Sowing
                 .
              
               To
               commence
               with
               the
               great
               ,
               you
               shall
               sowe
               them
               in
               some
               Bed
               apart
               ,
               four
               ranges
               in
               a
               Bed
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               the
               more
               commodiously
               stick
               them
               ,
               then
               if
               they
               were
               sown
               confusedly
               :
               some
               of
               these
               also
               you
               shall
               destine
               to
               be
               eaten
               green
               ,
               leaving
               the
               rest
               till
               they
               are
               dryer
               ,
               and
               for
               Seed
               .
               When
               you
               gather
               them
               be
               careful
               not
               to
               break
               their
               Stalks
               ,
               that
               they
               
               may
               bear
               till
               it
               be
               withered
               to
               the
               very
               root
               .
            
             
               
                 Painted
                 .
                 beanes
                 .
              
               The
               painted
               and
               
                 coloured
                 Beans
              
               ,
               which
               are
               a
               lesser
               sort
               ,
               are
               commonly
               sown
               in
               the
               open
               ground
               ,
               newly
               dug
               and
               raked
               over
               ,
               without
               any
               further
               care
               then
               what
               you
               take
               of
               such
               seeds
               as
               are
               sown
               abroad
               in
               the
               Fields
               ,
               unlesse
               it
               be
               ,
               that
               ,
               eight
               or
               ten
               dayes
               after
               they
               are
               come
               up
               ,
               you
               houe
               them
               a
               little
               ,
               and
               then
               touch
               them
               no
               more
               till
               they
               shoot
               forth
               their
               strings
               ,
               (
               which
               is
               about
               the
               beginning
               of
               Iuly
               )
               which
               you
               must
               cut
               off
               ,
               that
               the
               Pods
               may
               the
               better
               prosper
               ,
               which
               are
               below
               the
               stalks
               ,
               and
               to
               prevent
               ,
               that
               in
               catching
               one
               to
               another
               (
               by
               over
               branching
               )
               they
               be
               not
               thrown
               down
               ,
               and
               so
               perish
               those
               which
               grow
               beneath
               ,
               instead
               of
               ripening
               them
               .
            
             
               
                 Soyle
                 .
              
               This
               kinde
               of
               Bean
               doth
               not
               require
               so
               strong
               a
               mould
               as
               the
               
                 Marsh
                 Beans
              
               do
               ,
               but
               rather
               a
               sandy
               .
            
             
               
                 Sowing
                 .
              
               They
               would
               be
               sown
               at
               the
               beginning
               
               of
               May
               ,
               and
               pulled
               up
               as
               the
               plants
               drie
               ,
               threshing
               them
               forth
               as
               I
               spake
               before
               of
               Marsh-beanes
               :
               for
               if
               you
               gather
               them
               greener
               ,
               you
               will
               be
               much
               troubled
               to
               finde
               a
               convenient
               place
               to
               drie
               them
               ,
               they
               being
               so
               cumbersome
               ,
               if
               you
               have
               plenty
               .
            
             
               
                 White
                 .
                 streaked
                 .
                 bean●s
                 .
              
               As
               for
               the
               white
               which
               are
               riced
               ,
               seeing
               they
               clime
               to
               the
               very
               top
               of
               the
               boughs
               ,
               and
               continue
               long
               bearing
               ,
               you
               shall
               do
               well
               to
               gather
               those
               Pods
               which
               ,
               you
               finde
               drie
               ,
               since
               they
               doe
               not
               ripen
               together
               ,
               and
               to
               prevent
               two
               inconveniences
               ,
               the
               first
               whereof
               is
               ,
               that
               being
               past
               their
               maturity
               ,
               the
               pod
               will
               open
               of
               it self
               in
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               day
               ,
               and
               so
               lose
               out
               their
               beanes
               ,
               and
               the
               second
               that
               in
               case
               there
               fall
               any
               considerable
               raines
               ,
               the
               skin
               of
               the
               pods
               being
               over
               soaked
               ,
               will
               cleave
               to
               the
               beanes
               with
               a
               certain
               inseparable
               glue
               which
               it
               produces
               ,
               indamaging
               the
               beanes
               by
               a
               
                 musty
                 finnow
              
               which
               bespots
               
               them
               ,
               and
               makes
               them
               very
               ill-●avoured
               to
               the
               sight
               ,
               and
               worse
               to
               the
               taste
               :
               and
               besides
               you
               will
               be
               constrained
               to
               shail
               them
               out
               by
               hand
               to
               the
               great
               losse
               of
               time
               .
            
             
               You
               should
               separate
               and
               draw
               out
               all
               such
               as
               you
               finde
               black
               ,
               mixed
               with
               black
               and
               white
               ,
               forasmuch
               as
               they
               also
               become
               black
               ,
               and
               in
               boyling
               darken
               and
               tinge
               the
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
                 Red
                 bean●
              
               But
               the
               Red
               are
               to
               be
               esteemed
               above
               all
               the
               rest
               ,
               because
               of
               their
               delicatenesse
               ,
               much
               surpassing
               the
               white
               ,
               though
               they
               are
               most
               accounted
               of
               at
               Paris
               .
            
             
               
                 Peas
                 .
              
               Of
               Pease
               there
               are
               found
               several
               Species
               very
               much
               different
               ,
               viz.
               The
               Hot-spurs
               or
               Hasties
               ,
               the
               Dwarf
               ,
               the
               great
               
                 White
                 Pease
              
               ,
               the
               
                 Black-ey'd
                 Pease
              
               ,
               great
               and
               small
               Green
               ,
               the
               
                 Crown'd
                 Pease
              
               :
               and
               those
               without
               Skins
               of
               two
               sorts
               ,
               the
               Cic●es
               with
               ,
               and
               without
               
                 Skins
                 ,
                 Monethly
                 Pease
              
               ,
               the
               
                 Grey
                 Pease
              
               ,
               and
               the
               Lupines
               .
            
             
             
               Of
               all
               which
               I
               think
               it
               not
               amisse
               to
               particularise
               in
               brief
               ,
               their
               maner
               of
               ordering
               ,
               though
               there
               be
               no
               great
               difficulty
               in
               the
               plant
               ,
               yet
               for
               your
               better
               instruction
               .
            
             
               
                 Soweing
                 .
              
               There
               are
               three
               manners
               of
               soweing
               Peas
               .
               In
               Beds
               or
               quarters
               making
               four
               or
               five
               ranges
               in
               each
               .
               according
               to
               the
               kinds
               which
               you
               will
               sowe
               :
               In
               heaps
               or
               clusters
               ,
               and
               in
               confusion
               .
            
             
               
                 Hot-spurrs
              
               Hot-spurrs
               and
               Hasties
               ,
               would
               be
               sowne
               from
               Candlemas
               or
               a
               little
               after
               the
               great
               frosts
               .
            
             
               
                 Soyl.
                 
              
               Sandy
               ground
               is
               that
               which
               they
               most
               delight
               in
               to
               come
               early
               and
               if
               the
               place
               be
               something
               high
               and
               lie
               expos'd
               to
               the
               South-sun
               ,
               it
               will
               exceedingly
               advance
               them
               ,
               of
               which
               we
               have
               the
               experience
               about
               Charenton
               and
               St.
               Maur
               neer
               Paris
               ,
               from
               whence
               we
               have
               them
               very
               early
               ,
               and
               all
               the
               secret
               is
               ,
               in
               often
               houing
               them
               which
               doth
               wonderfully
               advance
               them
               .
            
             
               
                 Soweing
                 .
              
               
               If
               you
               sow
               them
               in
               furrows
               and
               lines
               you
               will
               finde
               it
               very
               commodious
               when
               you
               come
               to
               dresse
               them
               ,
               because
               you
               will
               finde
               room
               enough
               to
               stand
               and
               come
               at
               them
               between
               the
               files
               ,
               without
               indamaging
               the
               shoots
               ,
               and
               when
               they
               are
               growe
               to
               range
               them
               one
               upon
               another
               for
               the
               more
               convenient
               houing
               them
               ,
               which
               should
               be
               often
               reterated
               ,
               and
               gather
               the
               cods
               with
               more
               ●ase
               when
               they
               are
               ripe
               without
               hurting
               the
               plants
               .
            
             
               
                 Setting
                 .
              
               If
               you
               sowe
               them
               in
               heapes
               ,
               plant
               them
               with
               the
               Setting-stick
               ,
               or
               dibber
               ,
               a
               full
               foot
               distance
               ,
               and
               put
               six
               or
               eight
               Peas
               in
               every
               hole
               ,
               they
               will
               come
               up
               and
               grow
               without
               Cumbring
               the
               ground
               ,
               if
               you
               have
               the
               leasure
               to
               hou
               and
               dresse
               them
               sufficiently
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               those
               which
               you
               sowe
               confusedly
               upon
               the
               ground
               newly
               dug
               ,
               or
               in
               furrows
               after
               the
               Plough
               ,
               they
               will
               not
               require
               so
               much
               attendance
               ,
               
               because
               they
               spread
               and
               display
               themselves
               on
               both
               sides
               ,
               and
               cannot
               be
               hou'd
               above
               once
               ,
               without
               great
               hazard
               of
               spoyling
               many
               of
               them
               with
               your
               feet
               .
            
             
               
                 Great
                 pease
                 .
                 Bushing
                 .
              
               All
               sorts
               of
               great
               Pease
               (
               as
               the
               
                 White
                 ,
                 Green
                 ,
                 Crown'd
              
               ,
               those
               without
               Skin
               ,
               and
               the
               Cich●s
               )
               would
               be
               sown
               in
               quarters
               ,
               and
               small
               rills
               ,
               four
               ranges
               in
               a
               Bed
               ,
               for
               the
               more
               commodious
               bushing
               them
               in
               two
               ranks
               ,
               every
               rank
               serving
               to
               support
               two
               of
               Pease
               ,
               and
               the
               greater
               kinde
               your
               Pease
               are
               of
               ,
               the
               stronger
               and
               higher
               must
               your
               Bushes
               be
               ;
               because
               they
               climb
               to
               the
               very
               top
               ,
               producing
               Cods
               at
               every
               joynt
               ;
               especially
               the
               greater
               kinde
               of
               those
               without
               skins
               ,
               whose
               Cods
               grow
               eared
               ,
               and
               are
               very
               weighty
               ,
               shooting
               their
               braches
               at
               every
               joynt
               from
               the
               foot
               ,
               every
               of
               which
               doth
               oftentimes
               bear
               as
               many
               Cods
               ,
               as
               the
               
                 Master
                 stalk
              
               of
               the
               others
               .
               This
               is
               a
               sort
               of
               Pease
               which
               you
               ought
               much
               to
               esteem
               
               for
               its
               deliciousnesse
               ,
               and
               they
               may
               be
               eaten
               green
               with
               as
               much
               pleasure
               as
               Radishes
               .
               These
               are
               called
               
                 Holland
                 Pease
              
               ,
               and
               were
               not
               long
               since
               a
               great
               rarity
               .
            
             
               
                 Mould
                 .
              
               If
               you
               would
               have
               very
               fair
               Pease
               ,
               you
               must
               sowe
               them
               in
               rich
               mould
               ,
               and
               geld
               them
               when
               they
               are
               grown
               about
               four
               foot
               high
               :
               but
               the
               mischief
               is
               ,
               that
               being
               sown
               in
               a
               strong
               ground
               ,
               they
               do
               not
               boyl
               so
               well
               as
               those
               which
               are
               produced
               in
               a
               light
               sandy
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               only
               proper
               ground
               which
               they
               require
               to
               b●rightly
               condition'd
               .
            
             
               
                 Distance
                 .
              
               You
               must
               not
               set
               your
               quarter
               of
               Pease
               so
               bushed
               as
               that
               they
               may
               intertwine
               and
               intangle
               each
               other
               ;
               but
               leave
               a
               void
               Bed
               betwixt
               two
               ,
               to
               give
               ayr
               to
               your
               Plants
               ,
               lest
               otherwise
               they
               suffocate
               ,
               and
               rot
               at
               the
               bottom
               .
            
             
               
                 Beds
                 .
              
               You
               may
               employ
               these
               
                 interposed
                 beds
              
               by
               sowing
               any
               other
               sort
               of
               roots
               heretofore
               described
               ,
               and
               which
               will
               
               wonderfully
               thrive
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               refreshment
               which
               they
               will
               receive
               from
               the
               Shade
               of
               the
               higher
               peas
               .
            
             
               
                 Gray
                 peas
              
               You
               shall
               also
               set
               a
               part
               some
               particular
               beds
               to
               be
               eaten
               green
               ,
               and
               cause
               the
               cods
               to
               be
               gatherd
               by
               some
               
                 carefull
                 person
              
               ,
               who
               may
               have
               the
               patience
               to
               take
               them
               off
               handsomly
               ,
               or
               else
               cut
               them
               from
               their
               stalks
               without
               injuring
               them
               ,
               that
               thus
               relieving
               the
               plant
               from
               all
               it
               affords
               they
               may
               the
               longer
               continue
               .
            
             
               
                 Small
                 peas
                 .
              
               For
               the
               smaller
               sort
               of
               peas
               (
               as
               the
               
                 White
                 ,
                 Green
                 ,
                 Gray
                 ,
                 Hasties
                 ,
                 Dwarf
              
               ;
               and
               black-ey'd
               )
               you
               may
               sowe
               them
               after
               the
               Plough
               in
               open
               Field
               ,
               for
               since
               they
               do
               not
               branch
               much
               ,
               they
               never
               choak
               .
            
             
               
                 Soweing
                 .
              
               They
               may
               be
               sown
               in
               two
               fashions
               ,
               either
               in
               ground
               newly
               dug
               and
               which
               has
               one
               dressing
               before
               wet
               winter
               :
               or
               under
               furrow
               that
               is
               ,
               to
               say
               by
               sowing
               them
               upon
               the
               field
               ,
               before
               you
               Plough
               ,
               and
               then
               in
               making
               
               the
               furrows
               the
               peas
               slide
               in
               ,
               and
               are
               coverd
               with
               earth
               by
               the
               culter
               .
            
             
               
                 Pidgeons
                 .
              
               This
               kind
               of
               husbandry
               is
               practised
               for
               two
               respects
               ,
               the
               one
               to
               lodg
               them
               coldly
               when
               the
               earth
               is
               too
               light
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               to
               preserve
               them
               from
               the
               Pigeons
               ,
               for
               those
               which
               are
               onely
               harrow'd
               in
               upon
               the
               superficies
               ,
               they
               scrape
               out
               like
               Poultry
               ,
               and
               so
               devour
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               your
               seed
               .
            
             
               
                 Houing
                 .
              
               There
               is
               also
               another
               method
               of
               soweing
               peas
               ,
               in
               use
               amongst
               those
               of
               Picardy
               :
               They
               have
               a
               kind
               of
               flat
               ●hou
               ,
               like
               those
               which
               the
               Vignerons
               use
               about
               Paris
               ,
               where
               the
               Vines
               grow
               in
               a
               pale
               moyst
               soyl
               ,
               or
               in
               a
               sandy
               .
               This
               Instrument
               is
               very
               like
               their
               hou's
               ,
               when
               they
               have
               done
               with
               them
               being
               too
               much
               worn
               at
               the
               sides
               ,
               these
               they
               round
               to
               a
               point
               in
               the
               middle
               ,
               or
               to
               make
               it
               more
               intelligible
               ,
               they
               do
               very
               much
               resemble
               the
               
                 culter
                 of
                 a
                 Plough
              
               ,
               and
               use
               it
               after
               the
               same
               fashion
               as
               
               they
               plow
               the
               furrows
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               without
               ridges
               or
               pathes
               ,
               save
               only
               upon
               the
               Lands
               where
               it
               is
               divided
               'twixt
               neighbour
               and
               neighbour
               .
            
             
               With
               these
               ,
               upon
               newly
               dug
               ground
               ,
               cleansed
               of
               weeds
               and
               well
               dress'd
               ,
               they
               make
               a
               rill
               or
               tr●nch
               ,
               going
               backward
               and
               drawing
               the
               earth
               which
               separates
               it self
               on
               both
               sides
               :
               And
               in
               these
               furrows
               they
               sowe
               their
               Pease
               at
               a
               reasonable
               distance
               and
               then
               beginning
               a
               second
               rill
               ,
               the
               Houe
               covers
               that
               which
               was
               sown
               before
               .
               And
               so
               the
               third
               the
               second
               ,
               till
               they
               have
               finish'd
               the
               whole
               Plot.
               This
               manner
               of
               Husbandry
               is
               very
               expedite
               ,
               and
               commodious
               for
               their
               cleansing
               ,
               without
               danger
               of
               treading
               upon
               them
               when
               they
               are
               grown
               .
               In
               this
               manner
               they
               sowe
               like-wise
               all
               sorts
               of
               
                 Beans
                 ,
                 Radishes
                 ,
                 Sorrel
                 ,
                 Leeks
                 ,
              
               and
               divers
               other
               hearbs
               ,
               some
               deeper
               then
               other
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               nature
               and
               strength
               of
               the
               seed
               .
            
             
               
                 Mo●ethly
                 peas
                 .
              
               
               
                 Monethly
                 Pease
              
               (
               so
               called
               because
               they
               last
               almost
               the
               whole
               Year
               ,
               continually
               flourishing
               )
               must
               be
               sown
               in
               some
               place
               of
               your
               Garden
               well
               defended
               from
               the
               
                 cold
                 win●les
              
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               have
               Fruit
               betimes
               .
            
             
               
                 C●●ting
                 .
              
               They
               need
               no
               other
               curiosity
               about
               ordering
               then
               other
               Pease
               ,
               only
               that
               they
               would
               be
               speed●ly
               cut
               being
               green
               ,
               leaving
               none
               of
               them
               to
               drie
               ;
               and
               as
               you
               perceive
               that
               any
               thing
               springs
               from
               them
               of
               which
               you
               have
               no
               hope
               it
               should
               produce
               Cods
               ,
               to
               cut
               it
               off
               .
            
             
               
                 Wat●ing
                 .
              
               You
               must
               have
               a
               great
               care
               to
               water
               them
               ,
               especially
               during
               August
               ,
               and
               to
               shelter
               them
               with
               pannels
               of
               Reeds
               or
               Mattresses
               during
               the
               excessive
               heats
               ,
               to
               preserve
               them
               from
               the
               scorching
               Sun.
               
            
             
               
                 Lupines
                 .
              
               Lupins
               or
               Taulpins
               (
               so
               called
               because
               the
               Mole
               flyes
               the
               place
               where
               they
               are
               sowen
               )
               are
               a
               flat
               kinde
               of
               Pease
               ,
               round
               
               like
               a
               bruised
               
                 Pistol
                 bullet
              
               .
               
                 Slave-peas
                 .
              
               In
               the
               Gallyes
               they
               call
               them
               Slave-peas
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               their
               chief
               sustenance
               :
               They
               are
               bitter
               of
               tast
               ,
               and
               must
               be
               a
               long
               time
               soaked
               before
               they
               be
               boyled
               .
               They
               proceed
               from
               pods
               fastned
               to
               the
               stalk
               like
               beanes
               ,
               and
               are
               very
               full
               .
               In
               Spain
               they
               sowe
               whole
               fields
               of
               them
               for
               their
               Cattell
               .
            
             
               
                 Soweing
                 .
              
               They
               must
               be
               sown
               in
               furrows
               four
               fingers
               distant
               ,
               and
               four
               files
               in
               a
               bed
               and
               will
               prosper
               well
               enough
               in
               ordinary
               ground
               .
            
             
               
                 Lentills
              
               Lentils
               should
               be
               sown
               at
               the
               same
               season
               as
               peas
               in
               ground
               newly
               dug
               ,
               but
               if
               it
               were
               prepared
               the
               winter
               before
               ,
               they
               will
               be
               a
               great
               deal
               fairer
               .
               
                 Mould
                 .
              
               They
               affect
               Sandy
               mould
               ,
               and
               are
               to
               be
               gathered
               being
               ripe
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               bound
               in
               swaths
               :
               Thus
               you
               may
               leave
               them
               in
               the
               barns
               as
               long
               as
               you
               please
               unthrashed
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               not
               so
               obnoxious
               to
               the
               mice
               not
               to
               be
               worme-eaten
               as
               other
               peas
               
               which
               are
               continually
               gnawn
               as
               long
               as
               they
               remain
               in
               their
               cods
               ,
               
                 Thrashing
              
               and
               therefore
               they
               must
               be
               thrashed
               out
               as
               soon
               as
               possible
               you
               can
               ,
               for
               which
               reason
               some
               bringing
               them
               out
               of
               the
               Field
               in
               a
               fair
               day
               ,
               thrash
               them
               in
               the
               very
               Street
               upon
               some
               Spacious
               place
               expos'd
               to
               the
               Sun
               ,
               which
               dos
               much
               contribute
               to
               their
               loosning
               :
               
                 Housing
                 .
              
               For
               there
               is
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               trouble
               in
               housing
               them
               and
               besides
               they
               will
               Sweat
               as
               many
               other
               graines
               do
               ,
               and
               Soften
               their
               Cods
               which
               makes
               them
               difficult
               to
               beat
               out
               :
               Notwithstanding
               you
               may
               House
               the
               
                 Gray
                 Peas
              
               to
               give
               your
               Horses
               in
               the
               H●me
               ,
               which
               will
               whet
               their
               appetite
               ,
               and
               much
               restore
               them
               if
               they
               be
               fallen
               in
               their
               flesh
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               SECT
               .
               VII
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Onions
                 ,
                 Garlick
                 ,
                 Chibols
                 ,
                 Leeks
                 ,
                 Odoriferous
                 Plants
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Conveniences
                 of
                 a
                 Garden
                 ,
                 not
                 comprehended
                 in
                 the
                 Precedent
                 Chapters
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Onions
                 .
              
               ONions
               are
               of
               three
               Colours
               ,
               the
               White
               ,
               the
               Pale
               ,
               and
               the
               Purple-Red
               :
               I
               say
               of
               three
               Colours
               ,
               for
               I
               do
               not
               conceive
               them
               to
               be
               of
               three
               different
               Species
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               so
               alike
               in
               taste
               :
               but
               I
               referre
               their
               qualities
               to
               the
               judgement
               of
               the
               Botanists
               .
            
             
               
                 oweing
                 .
              
               Besides
               your
               sowing
               of
               Onions
               with
               Parsly
               as
               I
               shewed
               you
               before
               ,
               you
               shall
               sowe
               others
               upon
               a
               Bed
               apart
               ,
               and
               when
               it
               is
               grown
               as
               big
               as
               a
               
                 Hens
                 quill
              
               ,
               you
               may
               transplant
               it
               in
               lines
               with
               a
               Dibber
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               have
               them
               very
               fair
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               leave
               any
               upon
               the
               Bed
               
               where
               you
               sowed
               it
               ,
               't
               will
               diminish
               ,
               and
               rise
               out
               of
               the
               ground
               at
               the
               Season
               ,
               sooner
               then
               that
               which
               you
               removed
               .
            
             
               
                 Seeding
                 .
              
               During
               the
               great
               Heat
               of
               Summer
               ,
               it
               would
               run
               to
               seed
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               prevent
               by
               treading
               upon
               the
               Spindle
               ,
               which
               will
               stop
               its
               carreer
               ,
               and
               make
               the
               Onion
               the
               fairer
               .
            
             
               
                 Drying
                 .
                 Housing
                 .
              
               When
               you
               finde
               them
               out
               of
               the
               ground
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               leaf
               is
               become
               very
               drie
               ,
               as
               it
               uses
               to
               be
               in
               August
               ,
               then
               you
               shall
               take
               them
               quite
               out
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               searching
               with
               your
               Spade
               for
               every
               small
               head
               ,
               letting
               them
               dry
               upon
               the
               Bed
               ,
               and
               afterward
               lay
               them
               up
               in
               some
               temperate
               place
               ,
               and
               an
               ayr
               rather
               d●ie
               then
               moyst
               .
            
             
               
                 Seed
                 .
              
               For
               the
               seed
               ,
               you
               shall
               choose
               ●he
               fairest
               and
               biggest
               that
               you
               reserved
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               Frosts
               are
               past
               plant
               them
               in
               Ground
               very
               well
               soyled
               ,
               and
               clear
               from
               stones
               ,
               which
               
               is
               the
               mould
               thy
               best
               affect
               .
               For
               this
               you
               may
               make
               use
               of
               the
               houe
               ,
               rilling
               the
               bed
               where
               you
               would
               set
               them
               :
               not
               long-wayes
               but
               a
               thwart
               ,
               and
               deep
               enough
               ,
               then
               lay
               them
               in
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               rills
               ,
               half
               a
               foot
               distant
               and
               cover
               them
               by
               drawing
               the
               second
               trench
               and
               thus
               a
               third
               ,
               and
               a
               fourth
               continuing
               the
               order
               till
               your
               bed
               be
               finished
               .
            
             
               When
               it
               is
               in
               seed
               't
               is
               very
               Subject
               to
               be
               overthrown
               by
               the
               wind
               by
               reason
               of
               its
               weight
               ,
               and
               the
               weaknesse
               of
               th●
               spindle
               ,
               which
               being
               easily
               bent
               or
               broken
               fals
               with
               the
               head
               to
               the
               ground
               ,
               which
               rots
               the
               seed
               instead
               of
               ripening
               it
               ,
               and
               therefore
               to
               remedy
               this
               ,
               you
               shall
               rail
               the
               bed
               a-about
               (
               as
               I
               directed
               you
               concerning
               Salsifix
               )
               or
               else
               stake
               them
               from
               space
               to
               space
               ,
               to
               which
               you
               shall
               tie
               them
               up
               ,
               by
               four
               or
               five
               spindles
               together
               bending
               them
               gently
               to
               the
               props
               if
               it
               be
               possible
               without
               breaking
               them
               .
            
             
               The
               stalks
               drie
               ,
               and
               the
               head
               discovering
               
               the
               seed
               gives
               testimony
               of
               its
               maturity
               ,
               and
               therefore
               you
               shall
               draw
               them
               up
               ,
               and
               having
               cut
               off
               all
               their
               spindles
               ,
               you
               shall
               lay
               the
               heads
               a
               drying
               upon
               some
               cloath
               ,
               seperating
               that
               which
               falls
               out
               of
               it self
               upon
               the
               cloath
               ,
               as
               the
               best
               conditioned
               :
               afterwards
               when
               it
               all
               is
               perfectly
               drie
               ,
               rub
               the
               heads
               in
               your
               hands
               ,
               and
               getting
               out
               as
               much
               as
               you
               can
               with
               patience
               and
               much
               drying
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               do
               not
               immediately
               rub
               it
               out
               ,
               bind
               up
               the
               heads
               in
               bunches
               ,
               and
               hang
               them
               up
               in
               your
               house
               ,
               because
               they
               will
               both
               keep
               and
               augment
               in
               good
               nesse
               taking
               them
               only
               as
               you
               have
               occasion
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               so
               great
               deceit
               in
               buying
               this
               seed
               ,
               that
               I
               would
               advise
               you
               to
               use
               none
               but
               which
               is
               of
               your
               own
               growth
               ,
               unlesse
               you
               have
               some
               intimate
               friend
               that
               will
               send
               you
               that
               which
               is
               excellent
               ,
               to
               renew
               your
               store
               ,
               for
               some
               Merchants
               sell
               it
               old
               ,
               and
               so
               it
               can
               never
               prosper
               ,
               or
               
               else
               they
               scald
               it
               to
               make
               it
               swell
               :
               To
               discover
               that
               which
               is
               good
               put
               a
               little
               into
               a
               Porrenger
               of
               water
               ,
               and
               let
               it
               infuse
               upon
               the
               hot
               Embers
               ,
               and
               if
               it
               be
               good
               it
               will
               begin
               to
               Check
               and
               speer
               ,
               if
               it
               do
               not
               ,
               its
               worth
               nothing
               .
            
             
               
                 Chibol
                 .
              
               Chibolls
               of
               all
               sorts
               ,
               from
               the
               greatest
               to
               the
               English-Cives
               ,
               are
               to
               be
               planted
               in
               Cloves
               ,
               four
               or
               five
               together
               ,
               to
               make
               a
               tuft
               ,
               in
               distance
               according
               to
               their
               bignesse
               ,
               they
               requiring
               no
               other
               care
               ,
               then
               to
               be
               weeded
               and
               cleansed
               ,
               and
               ,
               if
               you
               will
               ,
               a
               little
               dunged
               before
               the
               winter
               .
               Thus
               you
               may
               let
               them
               continue
               in
               their
               bed
               as
               long
               as
               you
               please
               ,
               the
               plant
               continually
               improving
               by
               Off-s●ts
               which
               it
               will
               produce
               in
               abundance
               .
            
             
               
                 Transplanting
              
               However
               it
               will
               be
               good
               at
               every
               three
               or
               four
               years
               end
               to
               take
               it
               up
               ,
               and
               plant
               it
               in
               another
               place
               ,
               forasmuch
               as
               the
               ground
               is
               weary
               of
               bearing
               perpetually
               but
               one
               sort
               ,
               and
               loses
               that
               quality
               which
               is
               most
               
               proper
               to
               the
               plant
               ,
               rendring
               it
               languid
               and
               weak
               if
               it
               dwell
               on
               it
               too
               long
               .
            
             
               
                 Garlick
                 .
                 ●
              
               Garlick
               is
               to
               be
               orderd
               like
               Onions
               ,
               
                 Planting
                 .
              
               the
               best
               season
               is
               to
               plant
               it
               at
               the
               end
               of
               February
               .
               The
               time
               of
               bruising
               it
               ,
               to
               make
               the
               spindles
               knot
               ,
               is
               about
               St.
               Peters
               in
               Iune
               ,
               and
               to
               pull
               it
               out
               of
               the
               ground
               ,
               at
               St.
               Peters
               in
               August
               ,
               according
               to
               ●he
               old
               
                 Gardiners
                 Adage
              
               .
               
                 
                   Sow
                   at
                   St.
                   Peters
                   the
                   first
                   crop
                   .
                
                 
                   Your
                   Garlick
                   at
                   St.
                   Peters
                   stop
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   at
                   St.
                   Peters
                   take
                   it
                   up
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 Pulling
                 .
                 Housing
                 .
              
               When
               you
               have
               amassed
               them
               together
               you
               shall
               let
               them
               dry
               in
               heaps
               upon
               the
               bed
               ,
               and
               then
               in
               the
               cool
               of
               the
               morning
               bind
               them
               up
               with
               their
               own
               leaves
               ,
               by
               Dozens
               ,
               and
               there
               let
               them
               passe
               the
               Day
               in
               the
               hot
               sun
               ,
               before
               you
               carrie
               them
               in
               ,
               hanging
               it
               to
               the
               beames
               of
               the
               Sieling
               to
               keep
               it
               drie
               .
            
             
               Eschalots
               ,
               or
               
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 French
                 call
                 them
                 )
                 
                 Appeties
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 species
                 'twixt
                 an
                 oniamd
                 Garlick
                 ,
                 and
                 add
                 a
                 rare
                 relish
                 to
                 a
                 sawce
                 ,
                 neither
                 so
                 rank
                 as
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 nor
                 so
                 flat
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 )
              
               are
               to
               be
               orderd
               like
               Chibolls
               ,
               
                 Planting
                 .
              
               planting
               the
               little
               Cloves
               ,
               to
               make
               them
               greater
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               moneth
               of
               August
               ,
               you
               shall
               pull
               as
               many
               of
               them
               out
               of
               the
               ground
               as
               you
               desire
               to
               reserve
               ,
               and
               hang
               them
               up
               as
               you
               did
               the
               Garlick
               .
            
             
               
                 Leeks
                 .
                 Blanching
                 .
              
               Leeks
               are
               to
               be
               planted
               like
               Onions
               ,
               and
               transplanted
               in
               files
               with
               the
               dibber
               ,
               as
               deep
               as
               may
               be
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               have
               a
               great
               deale
               of
               White-stalke
               ;
               nor
               should
               you
               fill
               the
               Trench
               till
               a
               little
               after
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               be
               well
               grown
               ,
               this
               will
               augmeut
               their
               blanching
               .
               But
               besides
               this
               there
               is
               another
               way
               ,
               and
               that
               is
               when
               they
               have
               done
               growing
               ,
               to
               lay
               them
               in
               the
               rill
               one
               upon
               another
               ,
               leaving
               only
               the
               very
               extremities
               of
               their
               leaves
               out
               of
               ground
               ,
               
               and
               thus
               what
               is
               covered
               will
               become
               white
               ,
               and
               this
               does
               much
               lengthen
               the
               plant
               ,
               one
               such
               Leek
               being
               as
               good
               as
               two
               others
               .
            
             
               
                 Seeds
                 .
              
               For
               the
               seed
               ,
               reserve
               of
               the
               fairest
               and
               longest
               to
               Transplant
               in
               the
               Spring
               :
               and
               when
               they
               are
               run
               up
               ,
               environ
               them
               with
               supporters
               and
               Palisades
               as
               you
               doe
               Onions
               to
               preserve
               their
               heads
               from
               falling
               to
               the
               ground
               .
            
             
               When
               they
               are
               ripe
               ,
               cut
               them
               off
               ●rie
               ,
               and
               reserve
               them
               in
               bunches
               ,
               or
               otherwise
               as
               you
               did
               the
               Onions
               .
            
             
               
                 Herbs
                 Odi●●sant
                 .
              
               Sweet
               and
               
                 Odoriferant
                 Herbs
              
               ,
               and
               what
               other
               you
               ought
               principaly
               to
               furnish
               your
               Garden
               withall
               as
               are
               proper
               for
               Salades
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               service
               of
               the
               Kitchen
               ,
               omitting
               the
               rest
               at
               your
               own
               pleasuure
               ,
               such
               as
               are
               Southen-wood
               ,
               
                 Hysope
                 ,
                 Cassidonia
                 :
                 ●aulme
                 ,
                 Camomile
                 ,
                 Rue
                 ,
              
               and
               others
               .
               We
               will
               here
               discourse
               
               of
               such
               only
               as
               you
               ought
               of
               necessity
               be
               provided
               .
            
             
               
                 Salad
                 .
              
               For
               Salads
               ,
               
                 Balm
                 ,
                 Tarragon
                 ,
                 Sampier
                 ,
                 Garden-Cresses
                 ,
                 Corne-Sallet
                 ,
                 Pimpinell
                 ,
                 Trippe-Madame
                 ,
              
               are
               such
               as
               we
               do
               ordinarily
               use
               together
               with
               those
               which
               I
               have
               described
               in
               the
               foregoing
               
                 Sections
                 ▪
              
               that
               salad
               being
               most
               agreeable
               ,
               which
               is
               composed
               with
               the
               greatest
               variety
               of
               Herbs
               .
            
             
               Some
               of
               these
               Herbs
               are
               to
               be
               sown
               ,
               and
               others
               to
               be
               planted
               in
               roots
               and
               though
               they
               all
               for
               the
               most
               part
               bear
               seed
               ,
               yet
               none
               so
               effectually
               as
               the
               rooted
               plants
               .
            
             
               
                 Corne
                 salad
                 .
                 Pimpinel
                 .
                 Cresse
                 .
              
               Those
               which
               you
               are
               to
               sowe
               are
               the
               Corne-Salad
               ,
               Pimpinel
               ,
               and
               Cresses
               ,
               the
               rest
               are
               to
               be
               planted
               in
               roots●
               all
               of
               them
               passe
               the
               Winter
               in
               the
               ground
               without
               prejudice
               .
               And
               you
               may
               leave
               them
               as
               long
               as
               you
               please
               in
               the
               Beds
               where
               you
               sowed
               and
               planted
               them
               ;
               without
               any
               ▪
               farther
               
               trouble
               then
               to
               weed
               them
               and
               now
               and
               then
               dig
               up
               and
               cleanse
               the
               paths
               least
               the
               weeds
               ocome
               them
               .
            
             
               The
               rest
               which
               you
               gather
               for
               the
               Kitchen
               ,
               are
               
                 Thyme
                 ,
                 Savory
                 ,
                 Marjoram
              
               and
               Sage
               ,
               of
               both
               sorts
               ,
               and
               R●semary
               ;
               all
               which
               plants
               are
               easy
               to
               be
               raised
               ,
               and
               sufficiently
               furnish
               you
               .
            
             
               
                 Licoris
                 .
              
               We
               will
               not
               omit
               Licoris
               ,
               to
               gratifie
               such
               as
               make
               use
               of
               it
               in
               their
               P●isans
               :
               but
               if
               you
               plant
               it
               in
               your
               Garden
               ,
               Place
               it
               in
               some
               quarter
               where
               it
               may
               not
               prejudice
               it
               ,
               for
               if
               it
               like
               the
               ground
               ,
               it
               will
               S●ring
               and
               goe
               a
               great
               deal
               deeper
               then
               the
               very
               Couch
               or
               Dog-Grasse
               ,
               and
               put
               you
               to
               a
               world
               of
               difficulty
               to
               come
               at
               it
               in
               case
               you
               should
               resolve
               to
               extirpa●e
               it
               intirely
               .
            
             
               There
               grows
               as
               good
               in
               all
               places
               of
               France
               ,
               as
               any
               that
               they
               transport
               out
               of
               Spain
               .
            
             
               
                 Plantin●
              
               To
               furnish
               your self
               with
               this
               
               take
               
                 rooted
                 plants
              
               ,
               and
               lay
               them
               half
               a
               foot
               in
               ground
               ,
               it
               will
               need
               no
               other
               labour
               to
               make
               it
               thrive
               ,
               but
               to
               preserve
               it
               well
               weeded
               and
               clensed
               by
               stirring
               up
               the
               earth
               .
            
             
               
                 Time.
                 
              
               Thyme
               is
               both
               sown
               and
               planted
               ;
               One
               
                 Thyme
                 tuft
              
               wil
               afford
               many
               slips
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               set
               with
               the
               setting-stick
               ,
               as
               you
               doe
               all
               sorts
               of
               cuttings
               .
            
             
               
                 Savory
                 .
              
               Savory
               is
               every
               year
               to
               be
               sown
               ,
               and
               therefore
               be
               carefull
               to
               reserve
               the
               seeds
               ,
               and
               the
               Hearb
               also
               being
               dried
               ,
               to
               serve
               in
               divers
               seasonings
               .
            
             
               
                 Marioram
              
               Of
               Marjoram
               there
               is
               the
               sweet
               ,
               and
               the
               Pot-Marjoram
               .
               The
               first
               sort
               is
               very
               t●nder
               in
               Winter
               ,
               and
               therefore
               the
               Seeds
               thereoff
               should
               be
               carefully
               preserved
               ,
               to
               sowe
               of
               it
               every
               year
               :
               The
               Winter
               or
               Pot-Marjoram
               (
               which
               is
               a
               bigger
               kind
               )
               may
               be
               perpetuated
               where
               you
               please
               .
            
             
               
                 Sage
                 .
              
               Garden
               and
               Bastard-Sage
               grows
               well
               of
               slips
               or
               branches
               cleft
               off
               
               with
               Roots
               from
               the
               main
               Stemms
               .
            
             
               
                 Rosemary
                 .
              
               Rosemary
               is
               also
               planted
               of
               slips
               ,
               and
               roots
               split
               from
               the
               old
               stock
               .
            
             
               
                 Fenell
                 .
              
               Sweet-Fenell
               and
               Anis
               ,
               which
               are
               plants
               to
               be
               sown
               and
               governed
               without
               much
               difficulty
               ,
               are
               not
               to
               be
               forgotten
               in
               your
               Garden
               .
            
             
               Satisfie
               your self
               therefore
               with
               these
               few
               instructions
               which
               I
               have
               given
               of
               
                 odiriferous
                 plants
              
               :
               The
               apprehensions
               I
               have
               of
               swelling
               our
               Volume
               has
               caused
               me
               to
               passe
               them
               so
               lightly
               over
               .
               There
               now
               only
               remains
               to
               conclude
               this
               Treatise
               the
               addition
               of
               some
               Plants
               and
               Shrubs
               which
               bear
               fruit
               ,
               highly
               necessary
               to
               accomplish
               your
               Garden
               .
            
             
               
                 St●awberies
                 .
              
               Strawberries
               are
               of
               four
               kinds
               .
               The
               White
               ,
               the
               
                 Large
                 Red
              
               ,
               the
               Capprons
               ,
               and
               the
               
                 small
                 red
              
               wild
               Strawberry
               .
            
             
               
                 Plan●
                 .
              
               Concerning
               these
               last
               sort
               which
               are
               the
               small
               ,
               you
               need
               not
               put
               your self
               to
               the
               trouble
               of
               cultivateing
               them
               ,
               if
               you
               dwell
               neer
               the
               Woods
               ,
               where
               they
               abound
               ;
               for
               the
               
               Children
               of
               every
               Village
               will
               bring
               them
               to
               you
               for
               a
               very
               small
               reward
               :
               And
               in
               case
               you
               be
               far
               from
               these
               pretty
               Sweets
               ,
               you
               may
               furnish
               some
               small
               carpets
               of
               them
               on
               the
               sides
               of
               some
               of
               your
               Alleys
               without
               other
               care
               or
               pains
               then
               to
               plant
               them
               ,
               sending
               for
               such
               as
               are
               in
               little
               sods
               from
               the
               places
               which
               naturally
               produce
               them
               ,
               or
               else
               you
               may
               sowe
               them
               ,
               by
               casting
               the
               water
               wherein
               you
               wash
               the
               strawberies
               before
               you
               eat
               them
               ,
               upon
               the
               foresaid
               Beds
               .
            
             
               
                 〈◊〉
                 .
              
               For
               the
               great
               white
               straberies
               ,
               the
               red
               ,
               and
               C●aprons
               you
               shall
               plant
               in
               Borders
               ,
               four
               ranges
               in
               a
               border
               or
               Low-bed
               ,
               which
               must
               have
               a
               path
               between
               ,
               of
               a
               foot
               and
               half
               at
               least
               :
               The
               best
               plants
               are
               such
               as
               you
               take
               from
               the
               strings
               which
               they
               make
               during
               all
               the
               Summer
               ,
               and
               to
               put
               three
               plants
               in
               every
               hole
               which
               you
               shall
               make
               with
               the
               dibber
               .
               
                 Season
                 .
              
               The
               best
               season
               ,
               is
               to
               plant
               them
               in
               August
               ,
               when
               their
               strings
               are
               lusty
               ,
               and
               
               have
               taken
               roots
               by
               their
               joynts
               ,
               forming
               a
               small
               plant
               at
               every
               knot
               .
            
             
               
                 Proping
                 .
              
               To
               order
               them
               well
               you
               must
               
                 dresse
                 ,
                 weed
              
               and
               loosen
               the
               mould
               about
               them
               very
               dilligently
               ,
               and
               to
               have
               fair
               and
               clear
               Fruit
               you
               shall
               stick
               a
               small
               prop
               to
               every
               plant
               ,
               to
               which
               you
               shall
               bind
               their
               stalks
               with
               a
               straw
               and
               by
               this
               means
               ,
               besides
               that
               your
               fruit
               will
               prove
               much
               fairer
               ,
               
                 Snails
                 ,
                 Toads
                 ,
                 Frogs
              
               ,
               and
               other
               noxious
               animals
               will
               forsak●●
               them
               ,
               for
               want
               of
               covertures
               ,
               which
               they
               would
               not
               do
               if
               the
               whole
               plant
               lay
               upon
               the
               ground
               ,
               where
               they
               fail
               not
               to
               eat
               ago●dpart
               of
               them
               ,
               ever
               attayning
               the
               fairest
               .
            
             
               
                 〈◊〉
              
               When
               your
               Strawberies
               shoot
               their
               strings
               ,
               you
               must
               castrate
               them
               and
               leave
               them
               none
               but
               such
               as
               you
               reserve
               to
               ●urnish
               you
               with
               plants
               .
            
             
               
                 Ren●wing
              
               And
               you
               shall
               every
               year
               renew
               some
               of
               your
               〈…〉
               such
               as
               are
               above
               four
               of
               five
               years
               old
               ,
               as
               beginning
               
               then
               to
               impair
               of
               their
               goodnesse
               and
               vertue
               .
            
             
               
                 Dressing
                 .
              
               It
               will
               be
               convenient
               to
               strew
               them
               over
               with
               some
               
                 Melon-bed
                 dung
              
               ,
               a
               little
               before
               the
               great
               frosts
               ,
               which
               will
               much
               improve
               them
               ,
               cutting
               off
               all
               their
               leaves
               ,
               as
               I
               taught
               you
               concerning
               Sorrell
               .
            
             
               
                 Soyl.
                 
              
               The
               Soyl
               which
               they
               most
               affect
               is
               rather
               a
               sandy
               then
               a
               stiff
               ,
               and
               therefore
               you
               shall
               make
               choyce
               of
               that
               part
               in
               your
               Garden
               for
               them
               which
               most
               approaches
               this
               mixture
               .
            
             
               
                 Strawberries
                 in
                 Autumn
                 .
              
               If
               you
               desire
               to
               have
               strawberries
               in
               Autumn
               ,
               you
               shall
               only
               cut
               off
               the
               first
               blossomes
               which
               they
               put
               forth
               ,
               and
               hinder
               their
               fructifying
               ,
               they
               will
               not
               fail
               of
               blowing
               anew
               afterwards
               ,
               and
               produce
               their
               fruit
               in
               the
               latter
               season
               .
            
             
               
                 Raspis
                 .
              
               R●spis
               are
               of
               two
               Colours
               ,
               the
               White
               and
               the
               Red
               :
               You
               must
               plant
               〈◊〉
               which
               you
               may
               split
               off
               into
               many
               from
               a
               good
               stemm
               :
               They
               
               are
               to
               be
               planted
               four
               fingers
               distant
               from
               one
               another
               in
               an
               open
               trench
               as
               deep
               as
               your
               spade-bit
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               described
               it
               in
               my
               discourse
               of
               a
               Nursery
               ,
               whither
               I
               referr
               you
               for
               more
               brevity
               .
            
             
               
                 P●uning
                 .
              
               Besides
               the
               former
               labours
               ,
               they
               will
               only
               require
               that
               you
               free
               them
               of
               their
               
                 dead
                 wood
              
               ,
               and
               clear
               them
               of
               the
               suckers
               which
               they
               shoot
               up
               in
               the
               paths
               between
               their
               ranges
               :
               But
               if
               you
               perceive
               that
               notwithstanding
               all
               this
               ,
               they
               spring
               too
               fast
               as
               to
               endanger
               their
               choaking
               ,
               you
               shall
               succor
               them
               by
               pruning
               off
               the
               new
               sets
               ,
               and
               sparing
               the
               old
               ,
               as
               the
               most
               ingenuous
               and
               fruitfull
               .
            
             
               
                 Goosber●ies
                 .
              
               Of
               Gooseberries
               there
               are
               two
               kindes
               ,
               the
               great-large
               and
               the
               
                 small
                 white
                 ones
              
               which
               are
               thorny
               and
               full
               of
               prickles
               :
               Others
               
                 Red
                 ,
                 White
              
               ,
               and
               Perled
               ,
               without
               Prickles
               ,
               which
               in
               Normandy
               they
               call
               G●delles
               .
            
             
               They
               are
               all
               of
               them
               to
               be
               Planted
               ,
               
               and
               governed
               like
               Raspis
               ,
               and
               therefore
               I
               proceed
               no
               farther
               .
            
             
               
                 Champignon
                 .
                 Choyce
                 .
              
               Champignons
               ,
               and
               all
               other
               kinds
               resembling
               them
               to
               which
               the
               Italians
               give
               the
               common
               Apellative
               of
               Fongi
               ,
               we
               distingush
               in
               our
               language
               ,
               naming
               some
               of
               them
               Mushroms
               of
               the
               Woods
               ,
               which
               rests
               ,
               and
               are
               very
               large
               .
               And
               are
               such
               as
               grow
               by
               the
               borders
               and
               skirts
               of
               great
               For-Mushroms
               of
               the
               Meadews
               ,
               and
               sweet
               Pastures
               ,
               which
               are
               such
               as
               grow
               frequently
               where
               the
               Cattell
               feeds
               ,
               and
               seldom
               flourish
               till
               after
               the
               first
               fogs
               of
               Autumn
               are
               past
               .
               These
               last
               are
               those
               which
               I
               Esteem
               the
               best
               of
               all
               ,
               as
               well
               because
               of
               their
               beauties
               and
               whitenesse
               above
               ,
               as
               for
               their
               Vermillion
               beneath
               ,
               add
               to
               this
               their
               agreeable
               sent
               ,
               which
               are
               wanting
               in
               the
               other
               .
               The
               
                 Garden
                 Mushroms
              
               which
               are
               ordinarily
               grow
               upon
               the
               beds
               ,
               and
               those
               which
               do
               not
               appear
               before
               the
               beginning
               
               of
               May
               ,
               hid
               under
               the
               mosse
               in
               the
               woods
               from
               whence
               they
               seem
               to
               derive
               their
               name
               of
               Moush
               ,
               or
               Mousserons
               .
            
             
               
                 Bed
                 Mushram
                 .
                 Dressing
                 .
              
               Of
               all
               these
               species
               there
               is
               only
               the
               Bed-mushrums
               which
               you
               can
               produce
               in
               your
               Garden
               ,
               and
               to
               effect
               this
               ,
               you
               must
               prepare
               a
               bed
               of
               Mules
               or
               
                 Asses
                 soil
              
               ,
               covering
               it
               over
               four
               fingers
               thick
               with
               short
               and
               rich
               dung
               and
               when
               the
               great
               heat
               of
               the
               bed
               is
               qualified
               ,
               you
               must
               cast
               upon
               it
               all
               the
               parings
               and
               falls
               of
               such
               Mushrums
               as
               have
               been
               dressed
               in
               your
               Kichen
               ,
               together
               with
               the
               Water
               wherein
               they
               were
               washed
               as
               also
               such
               as
               are
               old
               and
               wormeaten
               ,
               and
               a
               bed
               thus
               prepared
               will
               produce
               you
               very
               good
               ,
               and
               in
               short
               space
               .
               The
               same
               bed
               may
               serve
               you
               two
               or
               three
               years
               and
               will
               much
               assist
               you
               in
               making
               another
               .
            
             
               
                 Production
                 .
              
               If
               you
               poure
               of
               this
               water
               upon
               your
               
                 Melon
                 beds
              
               ,
               they
               may
               likewise
               furnish
               you
               with
               some
               .
               But
               I
               had
               
               almost
               forgotten
               to
               inform
               you
               ,
               that
               there
               are
               certain
               stones
               ,
               which
               being
               placed
               in
               the
               dunghill
               ,
               have
               the
               vertue
               to
               produce
               them
               in
               a
               little
               time
               ,
               and
               that
               there
               are
               some
               curio●s
               persons
               which
               have
               of
               these
               stones
               ,
               to
               whose
               better
               experience
               I
               recommend
               you
               .
            
             
               
                 Morrille●
              
               Concerning
               Morilles
               ,
               and
               Truffs
               :
               the
               first
               whereof
               is
               a
               certain
               delicate
               red
               Mushrum
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               an
               incomparable
               kind
               of
               round
               ru●●et
               excressence
               which
               grows
               in
               drie
               ground
               ,
               without
               any
               stalk
               ,
               leafe
               ,
               or
               fibers
               to
               it
               ,
               and
               therefore
               used
               to
               be
               found
               out
               by
               a
               hog
               ,
               kept
               and
               trained
               up
               in
               the
               mysterie
               :
               
                 there
                 are
                 but
                 very
                 few
                 places
                 which
                 do
                 naturally
                 produce
                 them
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Conclusion
                 .
              
               And
               thus
               I
               presume
               to
               have
               sufficiently
               instructed
               you
               ,
               in
               all
               things
               which
               are
               necessary
               to
               be
               cultivated
               in
               Gardens
               ;
               at
               the
               least
               ;
               what
               is
               commonly
               eaten
               and
               in
               request
               in
               our
               
                 Parisien
                 France
              
               .
               Other
               Provinces
               have
               other
               plants
               ,
               the
               spoyls
               
               whereof
               they
               afford
               us
               so
               good
               cheap
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               not
               worth
               the
               while
               to
               husband
               them
               :
               as
               for
               Instance
               ,
               Capers
               ,
               &c.
               not
               but
               that
               they
               prosper
               very
               wel
               in
               these
               parts
               ;
               but
               they
               are
               troublesome
               and
               require
               a
               large
               compasse
               ,
               for
               a
               small
               crop
               ,
               flourishing
               better
               amongst
               the
               stones
               of
               some
               antient
               Ruine
               ,
               then
               in
               any
               other
               place
               :
               T
               is
               too
               great
               a
               subjection
               to
               gather
               their
               blossomes
               ,
               and
               to
               Pickle
               them
               in
               Salt
               ,
               and
               would
               cost
               you
               more
               then
               you
               may
               buy
               them
               for
               of
               the
               Oyl-men
            
             
               Let
               us
               Conclude
               this
               discourse
               then
               ,
               and
               hasten
               to
               shew
               you
               how
               the
               fruits
               of
               the
               Garden
               are
               to
               be
               Conserved
               in
               their
               Naturall
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               precedent
               Sections
               and
               Articles
               ,
               as
               your
               Fruit
               ,
               your
               Herbs
               and
               your
               Pulses
               are
               disciplind
               in
               the
               two
               former
               Treatises
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
           
           
             
          
           
           
             AN
             APPENDIX
             TO
             THE
             Former
             Treatises
             .
          
           
             
               SECT
               .
               I.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Manner
                 how
                 to
                 conserve
                 Fruits
                 in
                 their
                 Natural
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Conserving
                 of
                 Fruits
                 in
                 their
                 Naturall
                 .
                 Raspis
                 .
              
               THere
               is
               nothing
               which
               doth
               more
               lively
               concern
               the
               Senses
               then
               in
               the
               depth
               of
               Winter
               to
               behold
               the
               Fruits
               so
               fair
               ,
               and
               so
               good
               ,
               yea
               better
               ,
               then
               when
               you
               first
               did
               gather
               them
               ,
               and
               that
               then
               ,
               when
               the
               Trees
               seem
               to
               be
               dead
               ,
               and
               have
               lost
               all
               their
               verdure
               ,
               and
               the
               rigour
               
               of
               the
               Cold
               to
               have
               so
               despoyl'd
               your
               Garden
               of
               all
               that
               imbellished
               it
               ,
               that
               it
               appears
               rather
               a
               Desart
               then
               a
               Paradise
               of
               Delices
               :
               then
               it
               is
               (
               I
               say
               )
               that
               you
               will
               taste
               your
               fruit
               with
               infinite
               more
               gust
               and
               contentment
               ,
               then
               in
               the
               Summer
               it self
               ,
               when
               their
               great
               abundance
               ,
               and
               rarity
               ,
               rather
               cloy
               you
               then
               become
               agreeable
               .
               For
               this
               reason
               therefore
               it
               is
               ,
               that
               we
               will
               essay
               to
               teach
               you
               the
               most
               expedite
               ,
               and
               certain
               means
               how
               to
               conserve
               them
               all
               the
               Winter
               ,
               even
               so
               long
               ,
               as
               till
               the
               New
               shall
               incite
               you
               to
               quit
               the
               Old.
               For
               it
               is
               just
               with
               Fruits
               as
               it
               is
               with
               Wines
               :
               those
               which
               we
               drink
               first
               are
               the
               more
               delicate
               and
               juicy
               ;
               and
               those
               which
               we
               reserve
               for
               the
               latter
               part
               of
               the
               year
               are
               more
               firm
               and
               lasting
               :
               both
               excellent
               in
               their
               Season
               :
               But
               so
               soon
               as
               the
               New
               are
               made
               ,
               and
               fit
               to
               pierce
               ,
               we
               abandon
               the
               old
               ,
               which
               we
               before
               esteemed
               so
               agreeable
               .
               In
               like
               manner
               
               it
               is
               ,
               so
               soon
               as
               the
               new
               Fruits
               approach
               to
               their
               maturity
               ,
               we
               forsake
               those
               of
               the
               year
               past
               ;
               and
               one
               dish
               of
               Strawberries
               ,
               or
               Cherries
               ,
               (
               though
               never
               so
               green
               )
               or
               forward
               Pears
               ,
               shall
               be
               preferred
               to
               the
               best
               ,
               and
               fairest
               Bon-Chrestien
               which
               you
               can
               produce
               .
            
             
               
                 Conservatory
                 .
                 Fabrick
                 .
                 Situation
              
               To
               pursue
               then
               our
               first
               intention
               .
               It
               will
               be
               necessary
               to
               choose
               some
               place
               in
               your
               house
               the
               most
               commodious
               to
               make
               your
               Reserva●●ry
               or
               store-house
               ,
               which
               should
               have
               the
               windows
               and
               overtures
               narrow
               to
               prevent
               the
               extreamity
               both
               of
               heat
               and
               the
               cold
               :
               these
               you
               shall
               allways
               keep
               shut
               ,
               and
               so
               secured
               from
               the
               ayr
               as
               only
               to
               afford
               you
               a
               moderate
               light
               ,
               which
               you
               shall
               also
               banish
               by
               closing
               the
               wooden
               shutters
               when
               you
               go
               out
               :
               And
               indeed
               were
               there
               none
               at
               all
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               door
               to
               it
               were
               very
               straight
               ,
               and
               low
               ,
               it
               would
               be
               the
               better
               keeping
               it
               shut
               so
               soon
               as
               ever
               you
               are
               entred
               .
            
             
             
               Such
               a
               place
               designed
               for
               your
               store
               ,
               you
               shall
               build
               shelves
               about
               ,
               and
               (
               if
               the
               room
               be
               capable
               of
               it
               )
               that
               the
               middle
               be
               to
               lay
               fruit
               in
               heaps
               ,
               such
               as
               are
               the
               most
               common
               and
               destind
               for
               the
               Servants
               ,
               and
               if
               it
               be
               not
               wide
               enough
               ,
               it
               shall
               suffice
               to
               shelve
               it
               three
               parts
               and
               leave
               the
               fourth
               for
               the
               heaps
               .
            
             
               
                 Shelving
                 .
              
               Let
               your
               shelves
               be
               layd
               upon
               brackets
               of
               wood
               or
               Iron
               very
               strong
               because
               of
               their
               charge
               :
               two
               of
               them
               side
               by
               side
               ,
               two
               foot
               broad
               :
               Which
               you
               must
               ledg
               with
               a
               small
               Lath
               ,
               to
               keep
               the
               fruit
               from
               rowling
               and
               falling
               off
               :
               but
               let-none
               of
               these
               shelves
               be
               within
               a
               yard
               of
               the
               floor
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               place
               the
               best
               rare
               fruit
               under
               them
               ,
               seperateing
               and
               distinguishing
               them
               according
               to
               their
               kinds
               :
               but
               you
               may
               continue
               the
               shelves
               upward
               to
               the
               very
               Ceeling
               placing
               them
               about
               nine
               or
               ten-inches
               asunder
               .
               And
               for
               the
               more
               convenien●e
               you
               should
               have
               a
               smal
               
               light
               frame
               of
               steps
               by
               which
               you
               ascend
               and
               reach
               to
               the
               uppermost
               shelf
               ,
               when
               you
               would
               visite
               your
               fruit
               :
               a
               ladder
               being
               nothing
               so
               convenient
               ,
               wearying
               the
               feet
               ,
               and
               more
               subject
               to
               fall
               .
            
             
               
                 Season
                 of
                 Gathering
                 fruit
                 .
              
               The
               season
               of
               Gathering
               your
               winter-fruits
               being
               come
               ,
               which
               you
               shall
               discover
               by
               many
               indications
               ,
               as
               when
               they
               begin
               to
               drop
               off
               themselves
               ,
               which
               commonly
               happens
               after
               the
               first
               rains
               of
               Autumn
               ,
               when
               the
               Tree
               being
               sobb'd
               and
               wet
               ,
               swells
               the
               wood
               ,
               and
               loosens
               ,
               the
               fruit
               :
               Or
               when
               the
               first
               frosts
               advertise
               you
               that
               it
               is
               time
               to
               lay
               them
               up
               :
               or
               (
               to
               be
               more
               certain
               )
               at
               the
               decrease
               of
               the
               Moon
               in
               October
               (
               thus
               for
               the
               Pears
               and
               Apples
               )
               begining
               to
               gather
               the
               softest
               first
               ,
               and
               finishing
               with
               the
               harder
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               have
               the
               more
               time
               to
               perfect
               their
               maturity
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               some
               fruits
               that
               are
               only
               to
               be
               eaten
               ripe
               as
               the
               Gros●enil-pear
               
               *
               Cor●nes
               ,
               
               
                 Services
                 ,
                 Azerolls
              
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               ,
               which
               you
               shall
               leave
               upon
               the
               Tree
               till
               you
               perceive
               by
               their
               falling
               in
               great
               numbers
               ,
               they
               admonish
               you
               to
               gather
               them
               .
            
             
               Medlars
               are
               to
               be
               gathered
               about
               St.
               Lukes
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               ●roverb
               .
            
             
               
                 Medlars
                 .
                 Baskets
                 .
              
               When
               you
               gather
               your
               Fruits
               ,
               you
               should
               be
               provided
               with
               strong
               ozier
               Baskets
               ,
               to
               be
               born
               full
               betwixt
               two
               men
               ,
               and
               you
               shall
               put
               a
               little
               straw
               at
               the
               bottom
               ,
               lest
               the
               weight
               of
               the
               uppermost
               bruise
               the
               undermost
               against
               the
               basket
               .
            
             
               
                 Fallen
                 fruit
                 .
              
               You
               shall
               as
               you
               gather
               your
               fruits
               separate
               the
               fairest
               and
               biggest
               from
               the
               midling
               and
               such
               as
               are
               fallen
               off
               themselves
               ,
               or
               as
               you
               have
               thrown
               down
               in
               gathering
               the
               others
               ,
               putting
               each
               sort
               in
               a
               
                 b●●ket
                 apart
              
               :
               I
               speak
               not
               here
               of
               the
               smallest
               and
               the
               crumplings
               ,
               for
               I
               suppose
               you
               discharg'd
               your
               Trees
               of
               them
               before
               ,
               so
               soon
               as
               you
               perceived
               that
               they
               did
               not
               thrive
               ,
               to
               give
               the
               
               more
               nourishment
               to
               the
               rest
               .
               The
               
                 worm-eaten
                 Apples
              
               should
               be
               put
               also
               amongst
               those
               which
               are
               fallen
               to
               be
               spent
               first
               .
            
             
               
                 Housing
                 .
              
               As
               fast
               as
               you
               gather
               your
               fruits
               ,
               you
               shall
               carrie
               them
               into
               your
               store-house
               ,
               and
               range
               them
               upon
               your
               shelves
               so
               as
               they
               may
               not
               touch
               one
               another
               ,
               putting
               ●
               little
               straw
               all
               under
               them
               ,
               and
               in
               like
               manner
               distinguishing
               the
               fairest
               and
               biggest
               from
               the
               lesser
               upon
               several
               shelves
               and
               heaping
               up
               the
               
                 worm-e
                 ●en
              
               and
               fallen
               ,
               as
               I
               but
               now
               directed
               you
               .
            
             
               
                 Bon-Chresten
              
               As
               ●ouching
               the
               
                 Bon
                 Chrestien
              
               Pears
               ,
               they
               are
               more
               curiously
               to
               be
               gathered
               then
               the
               rest
               ,
               for
               the
               stalkes
               of
               such
               as
               are
               very
               fair
               and
               well
               coloured
               ,
               red
               at
               one
               side
               and
               yellow
               at
               the
               other
               ,
               should
               be
               sealed
               with
               
                 Spanish
                 wax
              
               to
               preserve
               their
               sap
               from
               evaporating
               :
               this
               done
               ,
               wrap
               them
               up
               in
               drie
               pa●ers
               and
               put
               them
               in
               a
               Bushell
               or
               a
               Box
               well
               covered
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               grow
               t●wny
               
               and
               mature
               being
               thus
               shut
               up
               .
            
             
               You
               shall
               Practice
               the
               same
               upon
               the
               
                 Double-f●owere
                 Pear
              
               ,
               the
               Cadillace
               ,
               the
               Thoul
               ,
               and
               others
               which
               are
               graffed
               upon
               the
               Q●ince
               ,
               and
               which
               receive
               their
               colour
               from
               the
               Tree
               :
               For
               as
               for
               those
               as
               are
               graffed
               upon
               the
               Pear-stock
               ,
               they
               commonly
               continue
               Green
               ;
               and
               therefore
               without
               any
               farther
               trouble
               ,
               you
               need
               only
               range
               them
               upon
               the
               shelves
               ,
               as
               you
               did
               the
               rest
               .
            
             
               
                 C●●inet
                 .
              
               Those
               that
               are
               very
               curious
               have
               a
               Cupboard
               which
               shutts
               very
               close
               ,
               in
               which
               they
               reserve
               their
               
                 Bonne
                 Chrestiens
              
               :
               This
               Cupboard
               is
               furnished
               with
               shelves
               ,
               upon
               every
               of
               which
               are
               fastned
               small
               quarters
               of
               wood
               ,
               which
               are
               laid
               cross
               like
               a
               grate
               ,
               every
               square
               neer
               as
               big
               as
               the
               greatest
               Pear
               .
               Upon
               each
               of
               these
               s●uares
               they
               lay
               a
               Pear
               by
               it self
               ,
               for
               fear
               lest
               they
               should
               touch
               ;
               and
               that
               if
               any
               of
               them
               should
               be
               perished
               ,
               it
               do
               not
               in●ect
               its
               neighbour
               .
               
               This
               Cupboard
               they
               keep
               very
               close
               ,
               pasting
               pieces
               of
               Paper
               about
               the
               Key-holes
               ,
               to
               keep
               out
               the
               ayr
               ,
               and
               never
               open
               it
               ,
               save
               when
               they
               would
               take
               our
               fruit
               ,
               and
               this
               closing
               them
               up
               does
               give
               them
               a
               most
               excellent
               colour
               :
               but
               before
               they
               thus
               shut
               them
               up
               ,
               ●
               they
               leave
               the
               Pears
               five
               or
               six
               dayes
               in
               the
               Baskets
               ,
               wherein
               they
               were
               brought
               out
               of
               the
               Orchard
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               have
               time
               to
               sweat
               .
            
             
               
                 Ripe
                 fruit
                 .
              
               Those
               Fruits
               which
               are
               to
               be
               leaten
               ripe
               ,
               should
               be
               layed
               in
               heaps
               ,
               and
               if
               they
               do
               not
               mellow
               fast
               enough
               to
               your
               desire
               ,
               you
               shall
               put
               them
               into
               a
               Wheat-Sack
               ,
               and
               shall
               jumble
               them
               together
               betwixt
               two
               ,
               this
               Concussion
               one
               against
               the
               other
               will
               exceedingly
               advance
               their
               maturity
               .
            
             
               
                 Grapes
                 .
              
               Your
               
                 Muscat
                 grapes
              
               of
               all
               colours
               ,
               as
               the
               
                 Chasselats
                 ,
                 Bicane
              
               ,
               and
               Rochel
               Grapes
               ,
               or
               others
               more
               ordinary
               ,
               are
               to
               be
               preserved
               several
               ways
               ,
               either
               
               singly
               ranging
               them
               upon
               straw
               o●
               h●nging
               them
               in
               Sieves
               up
               to
               the
               Ceeling
               ,
               covering
               them
               over
               with
               paper
               to
               guard
               them
               from
               the
               dust
               ,
               or
               barrelling
               them
               up
               with
               Oat-Chaff
               or
               in
               a
               tub
               of
               Ashes
               ,
               or
               which
               is
               best
               ,
               hanging
               them
               by
               their
               ends
               (
               not
               stalks
               )
               in
               your
               forementioned
               Cub-board
               .
            
             
               
                 To
                 keep
                 them
                 .
              
               I
               pretermit
               severall
               o●her
               curious
               wayes
               of
               keeping
               Grapes
               ,
               as
               when
               they
               are
               in
               Flower
               to
               put
               the
               Clusters
               into
               a
               Glasse-Violl
               ,
               and
               when
               it
               is
               Ripe
               cut
               it
               from
               the
               Vine
               ,
               and
               seal
               up
               the
               stalk
               ,
               but
               it
               must
               so
               hang
               as
               that
               none
               of
               them
               touch
               the
               ●ide
               of
               the
               Glasse
               ,
               and
               then
               close
               the
               mouth
               of
               it
               with
               
                 soft
                 wax
              
               ,
               to
               keep
               out
               the
               Ayr
               ,
               this
               will
               preserve
               the
               Chister
               till
               Christmas
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               divers
               other
               means
               ,
               which
               I
               omit
               because
               they
               are
               altogether
               unprofitable
               ,
               troublesome
               ,
               and
               expensive
               .
            
             
               and
               though
               I
               have
               not
               before
               taught
               
               you
               how
               you
               may
               store
               your self
               with
               these
               Muscat-Grapes
               of
               all
               Colours
               ,
               it
               is
               not
               out
               of
               ignorance
               ,
               for
               I
               am
               abundantly
               furnished
               withthem
               ;
               But
               because
               it
               is
               a
               plant
               which
               is
               to
               be
               governed
               like
               the
               other
               Vines
               ,
               I
               referr
               it
               to
               my
               Vignerous
               ,
               who
               have
               from
               their
               Youth
               been
               accostomed
               to
               the
               ordering
               of
               Vines
               ,
               their
               experience
               instructing
               them
               in
               those
               necessary
               subjections
               which
               a
               Gardner
               would
               never
               observe
               ,
               with
               so
               many
               precautions
               as
               they
               are
               obliged
               to
               do
               ,
               especially
               in
               planting
               and
               pruning
               them
               ,
               which
               are
               the
               onely
               things
               I
               instrust
               them
               in
               ,
               and
               am
               well
               satisfied
               .
            
             
               
                 Vermine
                 .
              
               I
               shall
               tell
               you
               upon
               this
               occasion
               ,
               that
               all
               sorts
               of
               Flies
               ,
               and
               
                 Bees
                 ,
                 Wasps
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Dormise
                 ,
              
               and
               Rats
               ,
               are
               exceedingly
               licorish
               of
               these
               grapes
               ,
               when
               they
               are
               ripe
               ,
               to
               prevent
               which
               you
               shall
               place
               some
               clove
               of
               Garlick
               half
               hid
               in
               severall
               places
               upon
               the
               poles
               which
               support
               them
               ,
               
               neer
               the
               Clusters
               ,
               and
               the
               very
               Sent
               thereof
               will
               chase
               them
               away
               .
            
             
               
                 Aspect
                 .
              
               The
               fullest
               aspect
               of
               the
               
                 Meridian
                 Sun
              
               ,
               and
               shelter
               of
               some
               Wall
               ,
               is
               the
               onely
               place
               that
               the
               Muscat
               and
               
                 Precoce
                 Grape
              
               affects
               .
            
             
               
                 Rotten
                 fruit
                 .
                 Mice
                 .
                 Cats
                 .
              
               To
               conclude
               this
               Section
               ,
               I
               will
               advise
               you
               to
               visit
               your
               Conservatory
               often
               ,
               that
               in
               case
               you
               finde
               any
               of
               the
               Fruits
               rotten
               ,
               you
               take
               them
               away
               ;
               for
               they
               spoil
               all
               that
               they
               touch
               :
               but
               if
               you
               perceive
               any
               one
               that
               the
               Mice
               have
               begun
               ,
               stirre
               it
               not
               from
               the
               place
               ;
               for
               as
               long
               as
               any
               of
               that
               single
               Fruit
               remains
               ,
               they
               will
               never
               attaque
               another
               :
               In
               the
               mean
               time
               set
               a
               Trap
               to
               catch
               them
               ,
               for
               to
               let
               Cats
               in
               ,
               they
               will
               disorder
               your
               Fruit
               ,
               and
               leave
               their
               Ordure
               amongst
               the
               heaps
               ,
               and
               upon
               the
               Shelves
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               SECT
               .
               II.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Dried
                 Fruits
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Dryed
                 fruit
                 .
              
               THere
               are
               divers
               Fruits
               that
               we
               drie
               in
               Ovens
               ,
               which
               in
               hotter
               Countreys
               they
               drie
               in
               the
               Sun
               ,
               as
               in
               Provence
               the
               Prunella's
               ,
               in
               
                 Langvedoc
                 Raisins
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
              
               ;
               but
               since
               the
               Cold
               of
               our
               Climate
               obliges
               us
               to
               make
               use
               of
               the
               Oven
               ,
               I
               will
               here
               describe
               in
               particular
               ,
               how
               each
               of
               them
               ought
               to
               be
               dried
               .
            
             
               
                 Cherries
                 .
              
               Beginning
               then
               with
               Ch●rries
               ,
               
                 White
                 ,
                 Hearts
              
               ,
               and
               the
               
                 Preserving
                 Cherries
              
               ,
               as
               with
               the
               first
               which
               the
               Season
               prescribes
               us
               .
               Chuse
               such
               as
               are
               very
               ripe
               ,
               fair
               ,
               fresh
               ,
               and
               not
               bruised
               :
               you
               shall
               spread
               them
               upon
               Lattices
               ,
               or
               Hurdles
               
               made
               of
               wicker
               ,
               ranging
               them
               one
               by
               another
               ,
               as
               handsomely
               as
               you
               can
               ,
               without
               suffering
               them
               to
               lye
               one
               upon
               another
               ,
               with
               their
               Stones
               and
               stalkes
               then
               put
               them
               into
               the
               Oven
               which
               must
               be
               of
               a
               temperate
               heat
               .
               
                 Such
                 as
                 it
                 usually
                 is
                 after
                 the
                 household
                 bread
                 is
                 drawn
                 .
              
               and
               then
               leaving
               them
               as
               long
               as
               any
               heat
               remains
               ,
               you
               shall
               take
               them
               forth
               turne
               them
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               they
               may
               perfectly
               dry
               :
               after
               this
               you
               shall
               heat
               the
               Oven
               again
               ,
               putting
               them
               in
               ,
               and
               repeating
               this
               course
               till
               they
               are
               sufficiently
               dryed
               to
               be
               kept
               ,
               then
               let
               them
               cool
               in
               heaps
               a
               whole
               day
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               binding
               them
               up
               in
               small
               bunches
               ,
               reserve
               them
               in
               great
               *
               round
               Boxes
               exquisi●ely
               shut
               .
            
             
               
                 Plum.
                 
              
               Plums
               are
               to
               be
               dried
               like
               Cherries
               very
               ripe
               gathered
               ,
               the
               best
               for
               this
               purpose
               are
               such
               as
               are
               fallen
               off
               the
               Trees
               ,
               for
               they
               are
               most
               fleshy
               ,
               and
               will
               be
               more
               agreable
               to
               eat
               
               then
               those
               which
               you
               shall
               gather
               ,
               which
               retaine
               alwaies
               some
               verdure
               upon
               them
               .
            
             
               The
               very
               best
               to
               drye
               are
               to
               be
               chosen
               ,
               as
               the
               
                 Imperial
                 ,
                 Date
              
               ,
               and
               St.
               
                 Catherine
                 ,
                 Diaper
                 ,
                 Perdrigon
                 ,
                 Cytrout
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 Mirabolan
                 ,
                 Roche-Corbon
                 ,
                 Damasks
              
               of
               all
               sorts
               ,
               and
               the
               St.
               Iulian
               for
               ordinary
               spending
               .
            
             
               
                 Prunellas
                 .
              
               If
               you
               desire
               to
               counterfeit
               Prunellas
               ,
               you
               must
               make
               choyce
               of
               the
               fairest
               of
               your
               Plums
               ,
               as
               the
               Perdrigon
               ,
               the
               Abricotplum
               ,
               *
               
                 Egg-yolk
                 ,
                 Brignolles
              
               or
               others
               ,
               which
               have
               a
               white
               skin
               ,
               pee●e
               them
               without
               a
               knife
               ,
               drawing
               them
               by
               the
               skin
               which
               will
               easily
               quit
               the
               plum
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               throughly
               ripe
               ,
               then
               stone
               them
               without
               breaking
               the
               fruit
               ,
               as
               I
               shall
               hereafter
               instruct
               you
               when
               I
               speak
               of
               Abricots
               .
               Boyle
               the
               skins
               well
               with
               a
               little
               water
               ,
               and
               strain
               it
               through
               a
               cloath
               ,
               and
               in
               this
               juice
               (
               which
               be
               in
               the
               consistance
               of
               a
               Syrupe
               infuse
               your
               plums
               as
               
               often
               as
               you
               set
               them
               into
               the
               Oven
               ,
               flatting
               them
               every
               time
               :
               If
               your
               Liquor
               be
               not
               thick
               enough
               ,
               you
               shall
               adde
               to
               it
               the
               juice
               of
               
                 White
                 Corrinths
              
               ,
               very
               ripe
               ,
               which
               will
               render
               your
               Syrup
               sufficiently
               thick
               .
               You
               may
               also
               (
               if
               you
               please
               )
               adde
               some
               Sugar
               to
               them
               ,
               they
               will
               be
               excellent
               ,
               and
               require
               less
               drying
               .
            
             
               The
               Provençals
               instead
               of
               setting
               them
               in
               the
               Oven
               ,
               stick
               them
               upon
               Thorn
               branches
               ,
               one
               upon
               each
               Thorn
               ,
               and
               so
               leave
               them
               to
               drie
               in
               the
               Sun.
               
            
             
               
                 Peaches
                 .
              
               Peaches
               are
               to
               be
               ordered
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               as
               Plums
               ,
               excepting
               that
               they
               must
               be
               gathered
               from
               the
               Tree
               ;
               for
               those
               which
               fall
               ,
               besides
               that
               they
               are
               over-ripe
               ,
               they
               wil
               have
               such
               Bruises
               as
               will
               hinder
               their
               drying
               ,
               without
               great
               trouble
               ,
               and
               will
               be
               very
               disagreeable
               to
               the
               taste
               :
               Before
               you
               stone
               them
               ,
               you
               shall
               set
               them
               once
               into
               the
               Oven
               to
               mortifie
               them
               :
               afterwards
               you
               
               shall
               slit
               them
               neatly
               with
               a
               Knife
               ,
               and
               take
               out
               the
               Stone
               ;
               then
               open
               and
               flat
               them
               upon
               some
               Table
               ,
               that
               when
               you
               set
               them
               in
               the
               Oven
               ,
               they
               may
               dry
               as
               well
               within
               as
               without
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               great
               thickness
               ;
               &
               the
               last
               time
               you
               draw
               them
               out
               of
               the
               Oven
               ,
               whilst
               they
               are
               yet
               hot
               ,
               close
               them
               again
               ,
               &
               flatten
               them
               ,
               to
               reduce
               them
               to
               their
               natural
               shape
               .
            
             
               
                 Abricots
                 .
              
               Abricots
               are
               also
               to
               be
               gathered
               ripe
               from
               the
               Tree
               ,
               you
               need
               not
               open
               them
               ,
               to
               take
               out
               their
               S●ones
               ,
               but
               thrust
               them
               out
               dextrously
               ,
               neer
               the
               Stalk
               :
               neither
               in
               drying
               them
               need
               you
               open
               them
               like
               Peaches
               ;
               but
               leave
               them
               whole
               ,
               and
               only
               flatting
               them
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               drie
               equally
               in
               every
               part
               ,
               and
               be
               the
               more
               commodiously
               ranged
               in
               the
               Boxes
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               desire
               to
               have
               them
               excellent
               ,
               put
               a
               Pill
               of
               Sugar
               about
               the
               quantity
               of
               a
               P●a
               ,
               in
               the
               place
               of
               the
               Stone
               ;
               and
               fill
               an
               earthen
               Milk-tray
               ,
               covering
               it
               with
               a
               lid
               of
               Paste
               
               closed
               thereto
               :
               then
               set
               it
               in
               the
               Oven
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               the
               Bread
               hath
               taken
               colour
               ,
               and
               there
               let
               it
               remain
               till
               it
               be
               cold
               :
               after
               which
               you
               shal
               set
               it
               in
               the
               Stove
               upon
               slatse
               ,
               as
               they
               drie
               Sweet-meats
               ;
               and
               when
               they
               are
               sufficiently
               dry
               to
               keep
               ,
               whilst
               yet
               warm
               ,
               strow
               some
               finely
               searced
               Sugar
               upon
               them
               ,
               and
               leave
               them
               two
               dayes
               before
               you
               set
               them
               up
               .
            
             
               
                 Pear●
                 ▪
              
               Pears
               are
               to
               be
               dried
               pared
               and
               unpared
               ,
               in
               the
               same
               manner
               as
               I
               shewed
               you
               before
               :
               but
               being
               pared
               they
               are
               much
               more
               delicate
               ,
               and
               the
               Parings
               are
               to
               be
               used
               ,
               to
               infuse
               in
               the
               Liquor
               ,
               as
               I
               taught
               you
               in
               Plums
               .
               You
               must
               leave
               their
               Stalks
               ,
               and
               the
               crown
               when
               you
               pare
               them
               ,
               choosing
               such
               Fruit
               as
               is
               the
               fairest
               ,
               most
               delicate
               ,
               and
               full
               of
               Flavour
               ,
               as
               the
               
                 Orange
                 ,
                 Summer
                 Bon-Chrestien
                 ,
                 Muscadel
                 ,
                 Great
                 M●scat-Pear
                 ,
              
               the
               Rousset
               ,
               &
               a
               hundred
               others
               as
               rare
               .
            
             
               You
               shall
               put
               of
               these
               likewise
               in
               
                 earthen
                 Pans
              
               ,
               with
               their
               Skins
               upon
               
               the
               Fruit
               ,
               before
               you
               cover
               them
               with
               Paste
               ,
               thus
               drie
               ,
               and
               strew
               them
               as
               you
               did
               your
               Abricots
               .
            
             
               The
               Pear
               is
               not
               to
               be
               gathered
               over
               ripe
               ,
               for
               that
               wil
               render
               it
               too
               flashy
               .
            
             
               In
               Grape-time
               ,
               you
               may
               infuse
               the
               parings
               in
               new
               
                 White
                 Wine
              
               instead
               of
               water
               ,
               or
               in
               Cyder-time
               in
               new
               Perry
               made
               without
               water
               .
            
             
               
                 Apples
                 .
              
               Apples
               are
               commonly
               dried
               without
               paring
               them
               ,
               and
               are
               to
               be
               slit
               in
               the
               midst
               ,
               taking
               out
               the
               Core
               :
               some
               of
               them
               you
               may
               boyl
               for
               Liquor
               to
               s●ak
               those
               in
               which
               you
               intend
               to
               dry
               .
            
             
               
                 Grapes
                 .
              
               Grapes
               of
               all
               sorts
               ,
               Muscadine
               and
               others
               ,
               are
               to
               be
               dried
               in
               the
               Oven
               ,
               upon
               the
               Hurdle
               ,
               without
               farther
               trouble
               then
               onely
               to
               drie
               them
               in
               a
               temperate
               heat
               ,
               and
               turn
               them
               frequently
               ,
               that
               they
               dr●●
               equally
               .
               Those
               of
               Languedoc
               passe
               them
               through
               a
               *
               Lye
               before
               they
               drie
               them
               in
               the
               Sun.
               
            
             
               
                 Beanes
                 .
              
               Amongst
               
                 drie
                 Fruits
              
               I
               will
               also
               range
               
                 green
                 Beans
              
               ,
               which
               being
               well
               
               dress'd
               with
               a
               little
               
                 Winter
                 Savory
              
               dried
               (
               the
               true
               seasoning
               of
               Beans
               )
               may
               pass
               for
               new
               .
            
             
               To
               drie
               them
               ,
               you
               shall
               take
               those
               that
               are
               tender
               ,
               which
               have
               yet
               their
               *
               Skins
               green
               ,
               before
               they
               are
               white
               ;
               take
               off
               this
               Coat
               (
               that
               is
               ,
               peel
               them
               )
               then
               drie
               them
               in
               the
               Sun
               upon
               papers
               ,
               often
               turning
               them
               daily
               ,
               at
               Evening
               bring
               them
               in
               ,
               and
               expose
               them
               again
               to
               the
               Sun
               every
               day
               ,
               till
               you
               finde
               them
               very
               drie
               ,
               which
               will
               soon
               be
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               not
               close
               weather
               :
               being
               drie
               ,
               you
               may
               keep
               them
               covered
               in
               Boxes
               ,
               carefully
               preserving
               them
               from
               all
               moysture
               .
            
             
               Before
               you
               boil
               them
               ,
               you
               must
               lay
               them
               in
               soak
               for
               the
               space
               of
               half
               a
               day
               in
               warm
               water
               .
            
             
               
                 Pease
                 .
              
               For
               
                 green
                 Peas●
              
               chuse
               the
               youngest
               ,
               which
               shailed
               out
               of
               their
               ●ods
               ,
               drie
               as
               you
               did
               the
               Beans
               ,
               and
               infuse
               them
               likewise
               in
               warm
               water
               before
               you
               boil
               them
               ,
               adding
               to
               the
               
               liquor
               ,
               a
               handful
               of
               the
               leaves
               of
               
                 new
                 Pease
              
               ,
               if
               you
               have
               any
               green
               ,
               tying
               them
               in
               a
               Bunch
               ,
               lest
               they
               mingle
               with
               your
               Pease
               .
            
             
               
                 Mushrum●
              
               Morilles
               and
               Mushrums
               are
               to
               be
               filed
               on
               a
               Thred
               ,
               and
               hung
               up
               in
               some
               hot
               place
               ,
               as
               over
               an
               O●en
               ,
               where
               they
               will
               easily
               drie
               ;
               or
               if
               the
               place
               be
               commodious
               for
               it
               ,
               before
               the
               Fire
               ,
               or
               set
               into
               the
               Oven
               itself
               temperately
               warm
               .
            
          
           
             
               SECT
               .
               III.
               
            
             
               
                 To
                 pickle
                 Fruits
                 with
                 Salt
                 and
                 ●inegre
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Pickling
                 cucumbers
                 .
              
               CUcumbers
               are
               the
               biggest
               Garden
               Fruit
               which
               we
               use
               to
               pickle
               ,
               they
               are
               to
               be
               chosen
               very
               small
               ,
               (
               which
               they
               call
               Cornets
               or
               Gerkins
               ,
               because
               we
               choose
               those
               which
               resemble
               little
               crooked
               hor●s
               ,
               and
               that
               do
               not
               improve
               )
               or
               else
               somewhat
               bigger
               ,
               but
               very
               young
               ,
               before
               their
               seeds
               be
               hard
               ,
               which
               are
               
               nothing
               so
               pleasant
               to
               eat
               :
               These
               are
               to
               be
               pickled
               pared
               ,
               or
               whole
               ;
               but
               it
               is
               best
               to
               pare
               them
               before
               you
               put
               them
               in
               pickle
               then
               afterwards
               ;
               because
               of
               the
               loss
               of
               your
               Salt
               and
               Vinegre
               upon
               the
               Skin
               ,
               which
               will
               become
               so
               hard
               ,
               as
               scarcely
               to
               be
               eaten
               :
               But
               they
               are
               handsomer
               and
               whiter
               ,
               being
               pared
               at
               that
               instant
               when
               you
               serve
               them
               to
               the
               Table
               ,
               then
               such
               as
               you
               pare
               before
               they
               be
               pickled
               :
               so
               that
               you
               may
               do
               which
               of
               them
               you
               please
               .
            
             
               The
               other
               small
               horned
               Cucumbers
               are
               to
               be
               pickled
               without
               paring
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               delicateness
               of
               their
               skin
               .
            
             
               
                 Cathering
              
               You
               must
               gather
               very
               early
               in
               a
               fair
               morning
               ,
               and
               let
               them
               lie
               all
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               day
               in
               the
               Sun
               to
               mortifie
               them
               a
               little
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               the
               better
               receive
               in
               the
               Salt.
               
            
             
               Put
               the
               pared
               ,
               the
               unpared
               ,
               and
               the
               Ge●kins
               ,
               each
               of
               them
               in
               well
               glazed
               earthen
               Pots
               apart
               (
               for
               those
               that
               are
               unglazed
               ,
               crumble
               and
               
               moulder
               away
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               Salt
               which
               does
               penetrate
               them
               ,
               and
               so
               lose
               their
               Pickle
               )
               ranging
               them
               handsomly
               ,
               and
               crowding
               them
               as
               neer
               as
               you
               can
               to
               one
               another
               ,
               without
               bruising
               :
               then
               you
               shall
               strew
               a
               good
               quantity
               of
               Salt
               upon
               them
               ,
               and
               the
               Vinegre
               afterwards
               ,
               tilf
               the
               uppermost
               of
               all
               are
               well
               covered
               ;
               otherwise
               there
               will
               breed
               a
               mouldinesse
               that
               will
               spoil
               all
               that
               remain
               bare
               .
               Thus
               set
               them
               up
               in
               a
               temperate
               place
               ,
               and
               touch
               them
               not
               at
               least
               in
               
                 six
                 weeks
              
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               be
               perfectly
               pickled
               .
               Your
               Store-house
               will
               be
               the
               most
               convenient
               place
               to
               keep
               them
               in
               .
            
             
               
                 〈◊〉
                 .
              
               Let
               the
               Purslain
               which
               you
               would
               pickle
               be
               of
               tha●
               which
               you
               have
               transplanted
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               be
               the
               fairer
               .
               The
               true
               season
               to
               gather
               it
               is
               ,
               when
               it
               begins
               to
               flower
               ,
               if
               you
               would
               have
               that
               which
               is
               tender
               :
               for
               if
               you
               omit
               it
               till
               it
               be
               out
               of
               flower
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               save
               the
               Seed
               ,
               
               (
               as
               it
               is
               commonly
               sold
               )
               it
               will
               be
               too
               hard
               to
               eat
               .
               Let
               it
               also
               be
               dried
               and
               mortified
               in
               the
               Sun
               ,
               two
               or
               three
               dayes
               ,
               and
               then
               range
               it
               in
               
                 glazed
                 Pots
              
               with
               Vinegre
               and
               Salt
               as
               you
               did
               the
               Cucumbers
               .
            
             
               
                 C●pers
                 Broom-b●ds
                 .
                 Sampiere
                 .
                 Tarr●gon
                 .
              
               
                 Capers
                 ,
                 Broom-buds
                 ,
                 Sampier
                 ,
                 Tarragon
              
               and
               the
               like
               ,
               are
               to
               be
               pickled
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               as
               above
               .
            
             
               
                 Artichoks
                 .
              
               Bottoms
               of
               Artichock●
               are
               to
               be
               pickled
               in
               Salt
               ,
               but
               after
               another
               Method
               then
               the
               former
               ;
               for
               they
               must
               first
               be
               above
               half-boyl'd
               ,
               and
               when
               they
               are
               cold
               ,
               and
               well
               drain'd
               of
               their
               water
               ,
               which
               should
               likewise
               be
               dried
               with
               a
               cloth
               to
               take
               out
               all
               their
               hu●idity
               ,
               range
               them
               in
               Pots
               ,
               and
               pour
               Brine
               upon
               them
               ,
               as
               strong
               as
               it
               can
               possibly
               be
               made
               ;
               which
               is
               done
               by
               putting
               into
               it
               so
               much
               Salt
               ,
               as
               till
               it
               will
               no
               longer
               imbibe
               ,
               &
               that
               the
               Salt
               precipitates
               to
               the
               bottom
               whole
               and
               without
               melting
               .
               This
               we
               call
               Marinated
               water
               .
            
             
               Upon
               this
               water
               (
               which
               will
               cover
               
               your
               Artichocks
               )
               you
               must
               pour
               
                 Sweet
                 Butter
              
               melted
               ,
               to
               the
               eminence
               of
               two
               fingers
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               thereby
               exclude
               the
               Air
               ;
               then
               the
               Butter
               being
               cold
               ,
               set
               up
               the
               Pot
               with
               your
               Cucumbers
               ,
               or
               in
               some
               other
               temperate
               place
               ,
               covered
               and
               well
               secur'd
               from
               the
               Cats
               &
               the
               mice
               ,
               which
               else
               will
               make
               bold
               to
               visit
               your
               B●tter
               .
            
             
               But
               I
               presume
               that
               before
               you
               put
               the
               Artichoks
               in
               the
               Pot
               ,
               you
               did
               prepare
               them
               as
               you
               would
               have
               done
               to
               serve
               them
               to
               the
               Table
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               taken
               off
               all
               the
               leaves
               and
               the
               Chocke
               which
               is
               within
               .
            
             
               
                 Time.
                 
              
               The
               true
               season
               for
               this
               is
               in
               Autumn
               ,
               when
               (
               practising
               what
               I
               taught
               you
               before
               in
               the
               second
               Treatise
               in
               the
               Chapter
               of
               Artichokes
               )
               your
               Plants
               produce
               those
               which
               are
               young
               and
               tender
               ,
               for
               they
               are
               these
               which
               you
               should
               take
               to
               pickle
               ,
               before
               they
               come
               to
               open
               and
               flower
               ,
               but
               yet
               not
               till
               their
               heads
               are
               well
               formed
               and
               hard
               .
            
             
             
               When
               you
               would
               eat
               of
               them
               ,
               you
               must
               extract
               their
               saltnesse
               by
               often
               shifting
               the
               water
               ,
               and
               boyle
               them
               once
               again
               before
               you
               serve
               them
               to
               the
               Table
               .
            
             
               
                 Asparagus
                 Peas
                 .
                 Champignons
                 .
              
               Asparagus
               ,
               Peas
               without
               
                 Cods
                 ,
                 Morilles
                 ,
                 Champignons
              
               ,
               or
               Mushrums
               ,
               are
               also
               to
               be
               pickled
               in
               salt
               ,
               (
               having
               first
               parboyl'd
               them
               ,
               &
               prepared
               every
               sort
               in
               its
               kind
               )
               af●●r
               the
               same
               manner
               that
               you
               did
               Artichoks
               .
            
             
               
                 V●sit
                 your
                 pots
                 .
              
               You
               shall
               monethly
               be
               sure
               to
               visite
               your
               Pots
               ,
               that
               in
               case
               you
               perceive
               any
               of
               them
               Mouldy
               ,
               or
               to
               have
               lost
               their
               pickle
               ,
               you
               may
               according
               repayr
               it
               .
            
             
               
                 Cornelians
                 .
              
               I
               have
               some
               years
               since
               invented
               the
               pickling
               of
               Cornelians
               ,
               and
               have
               frequently
               made
               them
               passe
               for
               Olives
               of
               Veronna
               ,
               with
               divers
               persons
               who
               have
               been
               deceived
               ,
               their
               colour
               so
               resembling
               them
               ,
               and
               their
               tast
               so
               little
               different
               .
               To
               effect
               this
               ,
               I
               cause
               the
               fairest
               and
               biggest
               to
               be
               gathered
               when
               first
               then
               would
               
               begin
               to
               blush
               ,
               &
               then
               letting
               them
               lye
               a
               while
               ,
               I
               Pot
               or
               Barrel
               them
               up
               ,
               filling
               them
               with
               brine
               ,
               just
               as
               I
               do
               Artichocks
               ,
               and
               to
               render
               them
               odoriferous
               ,
               adding
               a
               little
               branch
               of
               green
               Fenel
               ,
               &
               a
               few
               Bay-leaves
               :
               then
               closing
               the
               vessel
               well
               ,
               touch
               it
               not
               for
               a
               moneth
               after
               .
               If
               you
               finde
               them
               too
               
                 salt
                 ,
                 dilute
              
               &
               abate
               the
               pickle
               before
               you
               serve
               them
               to
               the
               Table
               .
            
          
           
             
               SECT
               .
               IV.
               
            
             
               
                 To
                 preserve
                 fruit
                 with
                 Wine
                 in
                 the
                 Must
                 ,
                 in
                 Cider
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 Hony.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 To
                 Preserve
                 fruit
                 with
                 Wine
                 Cider
                 .
                 Hony
                 .
              
               ALl
               sorts
               of
               Fruits
               which
               may
               be
               preserved
               in
               Sugar
               ,
               may
               also
               be
               preserved
               in
               Must
               ,
               in
               Cyder
               ,
               or
               in
               Hony
               .
               And
               there
               is
               no
               other
               dfficulty
               in
               making
               choyce
               of
               fruits
               to
               scald
               and
               preserve
               this
               way
               ,
               then
               in
               choosing
               such
               as
               you
               would
               preserve
               in
               Sugar
               .
            
             
               
                 In
                 Must.
                 
              
               To
               describe
               in
               this
               place
               the
               principall
               rules
               which
               must
               of
               necessity
               be
               observed
               in
               preserving
               fruit
               in
               the
               Must
               or
               
                 new
                 Wine
              
               ;
               You
               shall
               take
               ▪
               
               three
               pails
               full
               ,
               
                 three
                 pots
              
               ,
               or
               3
               parts
               of
               must
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               quantity
               of
               fruit
               which
               you
               intend
               to
               preserve
               :
               set
               it
               in
               a
               Kettle
               or
               Skillet
               on
               the
               fire
               ,
               but
               with
               care
               ,
               that
               if
               your
               fire
               be
               of
               wood
               ,
               the
               flame
               being
               too
               great
               do
               not
               burn
               some
               side
               of
               the
               vessell
               .
               Then
               let
               your
               must
               continue
               boyling
               till
               it
               be
               reduced
               to
               one
               third
               part
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               be
               of
               fitting
               ●onsistence
               to
               preserve
               your
               fruit
               in
               ,
               sufficiently
               ,
               &
               keep
               it
               from
               moulding
               &
               spoyling
               .
            
             
               The
               fruits
               being
               pared
               or
               unpared
               ,
               according
               to
               their
               natures
               or
               your
               curiosity
               ,
               those
               which
               ought
               to
               be
               scalded
               being
               done
               ,
               well
               drained
               ,
               and
               dryed
               from
               their
               water
               ,
               are
               to
               be
               put
               and
               preserved
               in
               this
               Must
               carefully
               scummed
               ,
               and
               made
               to
               ●oyl
               till
               you
               perceive
               that
               the
               Syrupe
               is
               of
               a
               sufficient
               consistence
               ,
               which
               you
               shall
               know
               by
               dropping
               some
               of
               it
               on
               a
               plate
               ,
               if
               it
               appear
               in
               stiff
               Rubies
               &
               run
               not
               about
               ,
               the
               plate
               a
               little
               inclining
               .
            
             
               You
               cannot
               take
               your
               Must
               too
               new
               ,
               &
               therefore
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               you
               perceive
               
               the
               grapes
               very
               ripe
               ,
               tread
               them
               immediatly
               ,
               and
               take
               of
               that
               must
               as
               much
               as
               will
               serve
               ,
               white
               or
               re●
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               fruit
               you
               would
               preserve
               .
               Some
               fruits
               as
               the
               Quince
               ,
               the
               Pear
               ,
               &
               the
               
                 Blew
                 grape
              
               ,
               &c.
               require
               Must
               of
               
                 blew
                 grapes
              
               ,
               others
               of
               white
               ,
               as
               Walnuts
               ,
               the
               Muscat-grape
               &
               the
               like
               ,
               whose
               candor
               and
               whitenesse
               you
               desire
               to
               preserve
               .
            
             
               To
               heighten
               the
               tast
               of
               those
               fruits
               which
               you
               ought
               to
               preserve
               in
               red-Wine
               ,
               put
               in
               a
               little
               Cinnamon
               and
               Cloves
               tyed
               up
               in
               a
               button
               of
               Lawn
               that
               they
               may
               not
               be
               dispersed
               amongst
               the
               preservs
               ,
               lost
               or
               consum'd
               in
               the
               Syrupe
               ,
               and
               to
               those
               which
               require
               
                 white
                 wine
              
               ,
               a
               bunch
               of
               green
               Fenel
               bound
               up
               likewise
               in
               a
               cloath
               .
            
             
               
                 Ma●malad
                 of
                 Grapes
                 or
                 Raisins
                 ▪
              
               Codiniack
               ,
               or
               
                 Marmalad
                 of
                 Grapes
              
               is
               made
               of
               the
               fairest
               ,
               &
               ripest
               
                 blew
                 grapes
              
               ,
               gathered
               in
               the
               afternoon
               at
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               day
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               that
               their
               moysture
               may
               be
               intirely
               dryed
               up
               :
               Lay
               them
               in
               some
               lost
               of
               your
               house
               ,
               where
               both
               the
               ay●
               &
               the
               Sun
               
               have
               free
               
                 entercourse
                 ,
                 spreading
              
               them
               upon
               Tables
               or
               Hurdles
               ,
               that
               ,
               for
               at
               the
               leas●
               a
               fortnight
               ,
               they
               may
               there
               sweat
               &
               shrink
               :
               In
               case
               the
               weather
               prove
               cloudy
               ,
               or
               that
               the
               season
               prove
               cold
               ,
               you
               may
               set
               them
               in
               your
               
                 O●en
                 temperately
                 warm
              
               ,
               after
               which
               presse
               them
               wel
               with
               your
               hands
               ,
               cleansing
               them
               from
               all
               their
               seeds
               and
               stalks
               ,
               putting
               the
               husks
               and
               juice
               to
               boyl
               in
               the
               kettle
               ,
               &
               diligently
               scumming
               and
               cleering
               it
               from
               the
               seeds
               :
               Reduce
               this
               liquor
               also
               to
               a
               
                 third
                 part
              
               ,
               diminishing
               the
               fire
               ,
               according
               as
               your
               con●ection
               thickens
               ,
               and
               stirring
               it
               often
               about
               with
               your
               spatule
               or
               spoon
               to
               prevent
               its
               cleaving
               to
               the
               vessel
               ,
               
               and
               that
               it
               may
               boyl
               equally
               .
               Being
               thus
               prepar'd
               ,
               you
               shall
               percolat
               it
               through
               a
               Sieve
               or
               course
               cloath
               ,
               bruising
               the
               husks
               with
               your
               wooden
               Ladle
               ,
               the
               better
               to
               express
               out
               the
               substance
               ,
               aud
               besides
               ,
               you
               shall
               wring
               it
               forth
               ,
               or
               squeez
               it
               in
               a
               press
               :
               when
               this
               is
               done
               ,
               set
               it
               again
               on
               the
               fire
               ,
               &
               boyl
               it
               once
               more
               keeping
               it
               continually
               
               stirring
               till
               you
               conceive
               it
               to
               be
               suffici●ntly
               boiled
               ,
               then
               taking
               it
               off
               ,
               pour
               it
               into
               Earthen-pans
               ,
               to
               prevent
               its
               contracting
               any
               ill
               smack
               from
               the
               kettle
               ,
               and
               being
               half
               cold
               ,
               put
               it
               into
               Gally-pots
               ,
               to
               keep
               .
            
             
               
                 Potting
                 .
              
               You
               shall
               let
               your
               pots
               stand
               open
               five
               or
               six
               daies
               ,
               and
               then
               cover
               them
               with
               paper
               so
               fitted
               as
               to
               lye
               upon
               the
               very
               preserve
               within
               the
               pot
               ,
               and
               when
               visiting
               your
               pots
               ,
               you
               finde
               that
               any
               of
               your
               paper
               is
               mouldy
               ,
               take
               it
               away
               and
               apply
               another
               ,
               this
               doe
               as
               long
               as
               you
               shall
               see
               cause
               ,
               which
               will
               be
               untill
               such
               time
               as
               all
               the
               superfluous
               humidity
               be
               evaporated
               ,
               for
               then
               the
               mouldinesse
               will
               vanish
               unlesse
               your
               confection
               was
               not
               sufficiently
               boyled
               ,
               in
               which
               case
               it
               must
               be
               boyled
               again
               ,
               and
               then
               you
               may
               cover
               them
               for
               altogether
               .
            
             
               
                 M●stard
                 de
                 Dijon
                 .
              
               To
               make
               
                 Mustard
                 a
                 la
                 mode
                 de
                 Dijon
                 ,
              
               you
               shalf
               only
               take
               of
               this
               Codiniack
               and
               put
               to
               it
               store
               of
               Seneve
               or
               Mustard-seed
               well
               b●uised
               in
               a
               mortar
               with
               water
               ,
               &
               
                 finely
                 searced
              
               ,
               and
               
               when
               it
               is
               exquisitely
               mixed
               together
               ,
               quench
               therein
               some
               
                 live
                 coles
              
               ,
               to
               extract
               all
               the
               bitternesse
               from
               the
               se●d
               ,
               then
               either
               barrel
               or
               pot
               it
               up
               ,
               well
               closed
               ,
               and
               reserved
               for
               use
               .
            
             
               You
               may
               also
               preserve
               all
               sorts
               of
               fruit
               in
               Perry
               that
               has
               not
               been
               diluted
               ,
               reducing
               it
               in
               boyling
               also
               to
               a
               
                 third
                 part
              
               ,
               as
               we
               shewed
               you
               in
               the
               
                 Must.
                 Lastly
              
               .
            
             
               
                 In
                 Hony.
                 
              
               To
               preserve
               in
               Hony
               ,
               you
               shall
               take
               that
               which
               is
               most
               thick
               ,
               hard
               and
               most
               resembling
               
                 Sugar
                 ,
                 boyling
              
               it
               in
               a
               preserving
               Pan
               ,
               scumming
               it
               exactly
               ,
               &
               stirring
               it
               about
               to
               prevent
               its
               burning
               .
               You
               shall
               discover
               if
               it
               be
               enough
               boyled
               ,
               by
               putting
               into
               it
               a
               
                 Hen●
                 egg
              
               ,
               if
               it
               sink
               ,
               it
               is
               not
               yet
               enough
               ,
               if
               it
               float
               ,
               it
               is
               of
               sufficient
               consistence
               to
               preserve
               your
               Fruits
               :
               You
               know
               that
               Hony
               is
               very
               subject
               to
               burn
               ,
               &
               therefore
               finish
               this
               preparation
               upon
               a
               
                 gentle
                 fire
              
               ,
               frequently
               stirring
               the
               bottom
               of
               your
               pan
               with
               the
               spatule
               to
               prevent
               this
               accident
               .
            
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           Table
           of
           the
           principal
           matters
           contained
           in
           this
           Bo●k
           .
        
         
           
             The
             First
             Treatise
             .
          
           
             
               §
               I.
               Of
               the
               Place
               ,
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               mould
               of
               the
               Garden
               ,
               together
               with
               the
               means
               to
               recover
               ,
               and
               meliorate
               ill
               ground
               .
            
             
               S●te
               Pag.
               1
            
             
               Soil
               .
               2
            
             
               Dressing
               .
               3
            
             
               Skreening
               .
               8
            
          
           
             
               §.
               II.
               Of
               Espaliers
               or
               wall-fruit
               ,
               and
               of
               single
               Pole-hedges
               ,
               and
               Shrubs
               .
            
             
               PLanting
               .
               12
            
             
               Pole
               Hedges
               .
               18
            
             
               Shrubs
               .
               19
            
          
           
             
               §.
               III.
               Of
               Trees
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               Choyce
               wh●ch
               ought
               to
               be
               made
               of
               them
               .
            
             
               PEars
               .
               Apples
               .
               Peaches
               .
               Abricots
               .
               2●
               ▪
               24
            
             
               Cherries
               .
               25
            
             
               Age.
               26
            
             
               Shape
               .
               Taking
               up
               .
               27
            
             
               
               Transporting
               .
               Transplanting
               .
               28
            
             
               Pruning
               .
               29
            
             
               Nailing
               .
               Spreading
               .
               Errour
               .
               34
            
             
               Dre●sing
               .
               36
            
             
               Old
               Trees
               .
               37
            
          
           
             
               §.
               IV.
               Of
               the
               Seminary
               and
               Nursery
               .
            
             
               SEminary
               .
               38
            
             
               Seeds
               .
               Kernels
               .
               Stones
               .
               39
            
             
               Seed-plot
               .
               40
            
             
               Cut●ing
               .
               41
            
             
               Graffing
               .
               42
            
             
               Quince-stocks
               .
               Peaches
               .
               44
            
             
               Dressing
               .
               45
            
             
               Nursery
               .
               Plot.
               46
            
             
               Planting
               .
               47
            
             
               Trees
               .
               48
            
             
               Nipping
               .
               Pruning
               .
               51
            
             
               Distance
               .
               Forme
               .
               52
            
          
           
             
               §.
               V.
               Concerning
               Graffs
               ,
               and
               the
               Best
               directions
               how
               to
               choose
               them
               .
            
             
               GRaffing
               .
               54
            
             
               Inoculating
               .
               Season
               .
               55
            
             
               Choyce
               .
               56
            
             
               Time.
               Cleft
               .
               Choyce
               .
               57
            
          
           
             
             
               §.
               VI.
               The
               manner
               how
               to
               graff
               .
               p.
               59
            
             
               INoculating
               .
               60
            
             
               Season
               .
               62
            
             
               Cleft
               .
               65
            
             
               Crown
               .
               70
            
             
               Approach
               .
               71
            
             
               Cutting
               .
               Layers
               .
               73
            
          
           
             
               §.
               VII
               .
               Of
               Trees
               ,
               and
               Shrubs
               in
               particular
               ,
               how
               they
               are
               to
               be
               governed
               ,
               and
               their
               Maladies
               cured
               .
            
             
               TRees
               .
               75
            
             
               Pears
               .
               Graffing
               ▪
               76
            
             
               Apple-Trees
               .
               79
            
             
               Plum.
               80
            
             
               Abricots
               .
               Peaches
               .
               81
            
             
               Cherries
               .
               80
            
             
               Figs.
               84
            
             
               Mulberies
               .
               86
            
             
               Oranges
               .
               Limmons
               .
               87
            
             
               Shrubs
               .
               89
            
             
               Granads
               .
               9●
            
             
               Jassemine
               .
               91
            
             
               Musk-Rose
               .
               Myrtles
               .
               Laurels
               .
               92
            
             
               Phylyrea
               .
               Alaternus
               .
               Althea
               frutex
               .
               Arbor
               Judae
               .
               Lilac
               .
               Diseases
               .
               94
            
             
               
               Mosse
               .
               95
            
             
               Jaundies
               .
               97
            
             
               Moles
               .
               98
            
             
               Mice
               .
               100
            
             
               Worms
               .
               101
            
             
               Pismires
               .
               102
            
             
               Snails
               .
               103
            
             
               Wood-lice
               .
               Earwigs
               .
               Caterpillars
               .
               104
            
             
               Composition
               to
               hood
               Graffs
               withall
               .
               105
            
             
               To
               make
               fruit
               knot
               .
               106
            
             
               A
               Catalogue
               of
               the
               names
               of
               Fruits
               known
               about
               Paris
               ,
               and
               when
               they
               are
               in
               Season
               .
               108
            
          
        
         
           
             The
             Second
             Treatise
             .
          
           
             
               §
               ▪
               I.
               Of
               Melons
               ,
               C●cumbers
               ,
               Gourds
               ,
               and
               their
               kinds
               .
            
             
               MElons
               .
               135
            
             
               Seeds
               .
               136
            
             
               Plot.
               117
            
             
               Figure
               .
               138
            
             
               Season
               .
               Beds
               .
               139
            
             
               Sowing
               .
               140
            
             
               Governing
               .
               142
            
             
               Season
               .
               Transplanting
               .
               143
            
             
               
               Stormes
               .
               ●ells
               .
               Pruning
               .
               145
            
             
               Transplanting
               .
               147
            
             
               Season
               .
               Transplanting
               .
               148
            
             
               Watring
               .
               Gathering
               .
               149
            
             
               Visiting
               .
               Care.
               151
            
             
               Choice
               .
               Seeds
               .
               Cucumbers
               .
               152
            
             
               Pumpeons
               .
               Transplanting
               .
               Gathering
               .
               154
            
             
               Seed
               .
               156
            
          
           
             
               §
               II.
               Of
               Artichocks
               ,
               Chardons
               ,
               and
               Asparagus
               .
            
             
               ARtichocks
               .
               Planting
               .
               157
            
             
               Earthing
               .
               159
            
             
               Chard
               .
               160
            
             
               Slips
               .
               Gathering
               .
               161
            
             
               Spanish-Chardon
               .
               Asparagus
               .
               162
            
             
               Planting
               .
               163
            
             
               Dressing
               .
               164
            
             
               Cutting
               .
               165
            
          
           
             
               §.
               III.
               Of
               Cabbages
               ,
               and
               Lettuce
               of
               all
               sorts
               .
            
             
               CAbbage
               .
               166
            
             
               Seed
               .
               Cole-flowers
               .
               167
            
             
               Sowing
               .
               168
            
             
               Removing
               .
               170
            
             
               Transplanting
               .
               171
            
             
               Cabbage
               .
               Watring
               .
               Sowing
               .
               Birds
               .
               172
            
             
               
               Wormes
               .
               173
            
             
               Large
               sided
               Cabbage
               .
               174
            
             
               White
               Cabbage
               .
               175
            
             
               Red.
               Perfum'd
               .
               Cabbage
               .
               176
            
             
               Planting
               .
               176
            
             
               Seed
               .
               178
            
             
               Season
               of
               sowing
               .
               Insects
               .
               180
            
             
               Lettuce
               .
               Sowing
               .
               182
            
             
               Transplanting
               .
               183
            
             
               Roman
               Lettuce
               .
               Heading
               .
               184
            
             
               Blanching
               .
               Seed
               .
               185
            
          
           
             
               §
               VI
               ▪
               Of
               Roots
               .
            
             
               ROots
               .
               Parsneps
               .
               186
            
             
               Sowing
               .
               188
            
             
               Removing
               .
               Housing
               .
               189
            
             
               Seed
               .
               Carrots
               .
               190
            
             
               Season
               .
               Seed
               .
               191
            
             
               Salsifix
               .
               192
            
             
               Dressing
               .
               Season
               .
               193
            
             
               Seed
               .
               194
            
             
               Radishes
               .
               Horse-Radishes
               .
               Seed
               .
               195
            
             
               Small
               Radish
               .
               Sowing
               .
               196
            
             
               Seed
               .
               Turneps
               .
               197
            
             
               Season
               .
               Vermine
               .
               198
            
             
               Housing
               .
               Seed
               .
               Parsly
               .
               Season
               .
               199
            
             
               
               ●re●●ing
               .
               200
            
             
               Roots
               .
               Seed
               .
               Skirret
               .
               201
            
             
               Spending
               .
               Rampions
               .
               Jerusalem
               Artichocks
               .
               Seed
               .
               202
            
             
               Dangers
               .
               203
            
          
           
             
               §
               V.
               Of
               all
               sorts
               of
               Pot-herbs
               .
            
             
               BEet-Leeks
               .
               203
            
             
               Season
               .
               Transplanting
               .
               204
            
             
               Gathering
               .
               Sowing
               .
               Beets
               Red.
               Seed
               .
               206
            
             
               Orache
               .
               Succory
               .
               Season
               .
               207
            
             
               Blanching
               .
               208
            
             
               Housing
               .
               210
            
             
               Seed
               .
               211
            
             
               Endive
               .
               Blanching
               .
               Housing
               .
               Sorrell
               .
               212
            
             
               Sowing
               .
               Transplanting
               .
               214
            
             
               Dressing
               .
               Seed
               .
               215
            
             
               Patience
               .
               Borrage
               .
               Sowing
               .
               216
            
             
               Seed
               .
               Buglosse
               .
               Chervill
               .
               217
            
             
               Seed
               .
               Sowing
               .
               218
            
             
               Seed
               .
               Allisaunders
               .
               Sceleri
               .
               Sowing
               .
               P●rslain
               .
               219
            
             
               Sowing
               .
               Transplanting
               .
               220
            
             
               Seed
               .
               Spinach
               .
               221
            
             
               Sowing
               .
               Season
               .
               Seed
               .
               222
            
          
           
             
             
               §
               VI.
               Of
               Beans
               ,
               Peas
               ,
               and
               other
               Pulse
               .
            
             
               BEans
               .
               223
            
             
               Sowing
               .
               Choyce
               .
               224
            
             
               Ground
               .
               225
            
             
               Houing
               .
               226
            
             
               Gathering
               .
               Seed
               .
               Hame
               .
               227
            
             
               Haricots
               .
               Sowing
               .
               228
            
             
               Painted
               Beanes
               .
               Soyl.
               Soweing
               .
               229
            
             
               White
               Streaked
               Beans
               .
               230
            
             
               Red
               Beans
               .
               Peas
               .
               231
            
             
               Sowing
               .
               Hot-Spurrs
               .
               Soil
               .
               232
            
             
               Soweing
               .
               Setting
               .
               233
            
             
               Great
               Peas
               .
               Bushing
               .
               234
            
             
               Mould
               .
               Distance
               .
               Beds
               .
               235
            
             
               Gray-Peas
               .
               Small-peas
               .
               Soweing
               .
               236
            
             
               Pigeons
               .
               Houing
               .
               237
            
             
               Monethly
               peas
               .
               Cutting
               .
               Watring
               .
               Lupines
               .
               239
            
             
               Slave-peas
               .
               Soweing
               .
               Lentils
               .
               Mould
               .
               240
            
             
               Thrashing
               .
               Housing
               .
               24●
            
          
           
             
             
               §
               ▪
               VII
               .
               Of
               Onions
               ,
               Garlicke
               ,
               Chibols
               Leeks
               ,
               Odirif●r●●us
               Plants
               ,
               and
               other
               conveniences
               of
               a
               Garden
               ,
               not
               comprehended
               in
               the
               precedent
               Chapters
               .
            
             
               ONions
               .
               Sowing
               .
               242
            
             
               Seeding
               .
               Drying
               .
               Housing
               .
               Seed
               .
               243
            
             
               Chibols
               .
               Transplanting
               .
               24●
            
             
               Garlick
               ,
               Planting
               .
               Pulling
               .
               Housing
               .
               Eschalots
               .
               247
            
             
               Planting
               .
               Leeks
               .
               Blanching
               .
               248
            
             
               Seeds
               Odoriferant
               .
               249
            
             
               Salad
               .
               Corne-Salad
               .
               Pimpinell
               .
               Cresse
               .
               250
            
             
               Licoris
               .
               Planting
               .
               251
            
             
               Time.
               Savory
               .
               Ma●joram
               .
               Sage
               .
               252
            
             
               Rosemary
               .
               Fenell
               .
               Strawberies
               .
               Plants
               .
               25●
            
             
               Beds
               .
               Season
               .
               254
            
             
               Propping
               .
               Stringing
               .
               Removing
               .
               255
            
             
               Dressing
               .
               Soil
               .
               Strawberries
               in
               Autumn
               .
               Raspis
               .
               256
            
             
               Pruning
               .
               Goosberries
               .
               257
            
             
               Champignons
               .
               Choyce
               .
               258
            
             
               Mushrum-bed
               .
               Dressing
               .
               Produc●ion
               .
               259
            
             
               Morills
               .
               Truffs
               .
               Conclusion
               .
               260
            
          
        
         
           
           
             AN
             APPENDIX
             To
             the
             Former
             Trea●ise
             .
          
           
             
               ●
               I.
               Of
               the
               Manner
               〈◊〉
               to
               〈◊〉
               Fruits
               in
               their
               Naturall
               .
            
             
               COnserving
               fruit●
               .
               263
            
             
               Consevatory
               .
               Fabrick
               .
               Situation
               .
               265
            
             
               ●●elving
               .
               266
            
             
               Season
               of
               gathering
               fruit
               .
               267
            
             
               Medl●rs
               .
               B●●kets
               .
               Fallen
               fruit
               .
               268
            
             
               Nousing
               .
               〈◊〉
               -
               Chrestien
               .
               269
            
             
               Cabinet
               .
               270
            
             
               Ripe-fruit
               .
               Gr●pe●
               .
               271
            
             
               Keeping
               .
               272
            
             
               Vermine
               .
               273
            
             
               Aspect
               .
               Rotten
               fruit
               ▪
               Mic●
               .
               Cat●
               .
               274
            
          
           
             
               §.
               II.
               Of
               Dryed
               Fruit●
            
             
               DRied-fruit●
               .
               〈◊〉
               .
               ●75
            
             
               Plums
               .
               276
            
             
               〈◊〉
               .
               277
            
             
               
               Peaches
               .
               278
            
             
               Abric●t●
               .
               279
            
             
               Pear●
               .
               280
            
             
               Apples
               .
               Grapes
               .
               Bea●s
               .
               281
            
             
               Pea●
               .
               282
            
             
               Mushrums
               .
               283
            
          
           
             
               §
               III.
               To
               pickle
               〈◊〉
               with
               Salt
               and
               ●i●egre
               .
            
             
               PI●kle
               Cucumbers
               .
               ●83
            
             
               Gathering
               .
               ●84
            
             
               Purslain
               .
               285
            
             
               Capers
               .
               Broom-buds
               .
               Sampiere
               Tarragon
               .
               Artichocks
               .
               286
            
             
               Season
               .
               287
            
             
               Asparagus
               .
               Peas
               .
               Champigno●s
               .
               Pickle
               .
               C●rnelians
               .
               288
            
          
           
             
               §
               III.
               To
               preserve
               fruit
               With
               wine
               in
               the
               Must
               ,
               in
               Cider
               ,
               or
               Hony.
               
            
             
               IN
               Mu●●●9
            
             
               Marmalad
               of
               Grapes
               or
               〈◊〉
               .
               291
            
             
               Potting
               .
               Must●rd
               of
               Dijon
               .
               293
            
             
               In
               Hony.
               294
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           Books
           printed
           for
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           sold
           by
           Iohn
           Crooke
           ,
           at
           the
           Signe
           of
           the
           Ship
           in
           St.
           Pauls
           Church-yard
           .
        
         
           ANnales
           veteris
           Testamenti
           ,
           à
           prima
           mundi
           Origine
           deduct●
           ;
           unà
           cum
           rerum
           Afiaticarum
           ,
           &
           Aegyptiacarum
           Chronoco
           ,
           à
           temporis
           Historici
           principio
           usque
           ad
           Maccabaicarum
           initia
           producto
           :
           à
           viro
           Reverendissimo
           &
           doctissimo
           ,
           
             Iacobo
             Vsserio
          
           ,
           Archiepiscopo
           Armachano
           .
           folio
        
         
           Ej●sdem
           Annalium
           pars
           secunda
           ,
           quae
           ad
           annum
           Christi
           octogesimum
           producitur
           ,
           ●nà
           cum
           harmonia
           Evangeliorum
           ,
           ab
           exercitatissimo
           sacris
           Literis
           Doctore
           ,
           
             Iohanne
             Richard
             sono
          
           Epischopo
           Ardachadensi
           Conscripta
           .
           folio
        
         
           Ejusdem
           de
           textus
           Hebraici
           veteri●
           Testamenti
           variantibus
           lectionibus
           ad
           
             Lodovicnm
             Capellum
          
           Epistola
           .
           quarto
        
         
           Vsserii
           de
           LXX
           Interpretum
           Versione
           Syntagma
           .
           quarto
        
         
           The
           Holy
           History
           ;
           containing
           excellent
           observations
           ,
           on
           all
           the
           remarkable
           passages
           and
           Histories
           of
           the
           Old
           Testament
           ,
           with
           a
           vindi●ation
           of
           the
           verity
           thereof
           from
           the
           Aspersions
           of
           Atheists
           and
           Antiscripturians
           .
           Written
           Originally
           in
           French
           ,
           by
           the
           curious
           pen
           of
           
             Nicolas
             Cau●●●n
             ▪
             S.
             I.
          
           and
           now
           elegantly
           rendred
           
           into
           English
           out
           of
           the
           seventh
           and
           last
           Edition
           by
           a
           Person
           of
           Honour
           .
           4●
        
         
           The
           Bishop
           of
           Derry's
           Victory
           of
           truth
           for
           the
           peace
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           in
           answer
           to
           Mounsieur
           Millitie●e
           .
           8●
        
         
           —
           Of
           Liberty
           and
           Necessity
           ,
           in
           answer
           to
           Mr.
           Hobbs
           .
           8●
        
         
           —
           His
           replication
           to
           the
           Popish
           Bishop
           of
           Calcedon
           ,
           in
           defence
           of
           his
           vindication
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           .
           8●
        
         
           —
           His
           vindication
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           from
           the
           aspersions
           of
           Schism
           cast
           upon
           it
           by
           the
           Papists
           .
           8●
        
         
           Mountagues
           Miscellanea
           spiritualia
           ,
           or
           devout
           Essays
           .
           The
           second
           part
           .
           40
        
         
           The
           History
           of
           the
           ●ron
           Age
           :
           wherein
           is
           set
           down
           the
           Origi●al
           of
           all
           the
           Wars
           and
           Commotions
           ,
           that
           have
           hapned
           from
           the
           year
           of
           God
           1500.
           with
           the
           manner
           of
           their
           prosecution
           and
           Events
           ,
           till
           the
           year
           1656.
           
           Illustrated
           with
           the
           Figures
           of
           the
           most
           renowned
           persons
           of
           this
           pressent
           time
           .
           folio
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           of
           drinking
           water
           ,
           against
           our
           Novelists
           that
           prescribed
           it
           in
           England
           ,
           by
           
             Richard
             Short
          
           ,
           Doctor
           of
           Physick
           .
           Whereunto
           is
           added
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           〈◊〉
           ●arm
           drink
           ,
           and
           is
           an
           answer
           to
           a
           Treatise
           of
           warm
           drink
           ,
           printed
           at
           Cambridge
           .
           8●
        
         
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           ●ive
           Introductori●●
           A●glo-Latino-Graecum
           ,
           complect●ns
           colloqui●
           fa●iliaria
           Aesopi
           febulas
           &
           Lu●i●●i
           ,
           s●léctiores
           mortuorum
           Diologos
           ,
           in
           usum
           Scholarum
           ,
           per
           
             J.
             Sh.
          
           8●
        
         
           The
           Life
           and
           Death
           of
           the
           most
           reverend
           and
           learned
           Father
           of
           our
           Church
           Dr.
           
             Iames
             Vsher
          
           ,
           late
           Archbishop
           of
           Armagh
           ,
           and
           Primat●
           of
           all
           Ireland
           ,
           in
           a
           Sermon
           at
           his
           Funeral
           ,
           at
           the
           Abby
           of
           Westminster
           ,
           April
           .
           17th
           .
           1656.
           by
           
             Nicholas
             Bernard
          
           ,
           D.
           D.
           and
           Preacher
           to
           the
           Honourable
           Society
           of
           
             Grays
             Inne
             ,
             London
          
           .
           8●
        
         
           The
           Judgement
           of
           the
           late
           Archbishop
           of
           Armagh
           and
           Primate
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           of
           the
           extent
           of
           Christs
           death
           and
           satisfaction
           ,
           &c.
           of
           the
           Sabbath
           ,
           and
           observation
           of
           the
           Lords
           day
           :
           of
           the
           Ordination
           in
           other
           reformed
           Churches
           ,
           &c.
           by
           
             N.
             Ber●ard
          
           ,
           D.
           D.
           and
           Preacher
           to
           the
           Honourable
           Society
           of
           
             Grays
             Inne
             ,
             London
          
           ,
           8●
        
         
           The
           Holy
           life
           of
           
             Mounsieur
             de
             Re●ty
          
           ,
           a
           late
           Noble
           man
           of
           France
           ,
           and
           Counsellour
           to
           K.
           
             Le●is
             XIII
          
           .
           written
           in
           French
           by
           
             Iohn
             Baptist
             S.
             Iure
          
           ,
           and
           faithfully
           translated
           into
           English
           by
           
             E.
             S.
          
           Gent.
           ●●
        
         
           Castigations
           of
           Mr.
           Hobbes
           his
           last
           Animadversions
           ,
           in
           the
           case
           con●erning
           Liberty
           and
           universal
           Necessity
           ,
           with
           an
           
           Appendix
           concerning
           the
           catching
           of
           Leviathan
           ,
           or
           the
           great
           whale
           ,
           ●y
           
             〈◊〉
             Bramball
          
           ,
           D.
           D.
           and
           Bishop
           of
           D●●●y
           .
           8●
        
         
           ☞
           The
           Annals
           of
           the
           Worl●
           〈◊〉
           from
           the
           Origin
           of
           time
           ,
           and
           continued
           to
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Emperour
           Vespasians
           Reign
           ,
           and
           the
           total
           destruction
           and
           abolition
           of
           the
           Temple
           and
           Common-wealth
           of
           the
           Jews
           ,
           containing
           the
           Historie
           of
           the
           Old
           and
           New
           Testament
           ,
           with
           that
           of
           the
           Maccabees
           .
           As
           also
           all
           the
           most
           memorable
           affairs
           of
           Asia
           and
           Egypt
           ,
           and
           the
           rise
           of
           the
           Empire
           of
           the
           Roman
           Caesars
           under
           C.
           Iulius
           and
           Octavianus
           ,
           collected
           from
           all
           Histories
           ,
           as
           well
           sacred
           as
           profane
           ,
           and
           methodically
           digested
           by
           the
           most
           reverend
           
             Iames
             Vsher
          
           Arch-Bishop
           of
           Armagh
           ,
           and
           Primate
           of
           all
           
             Ireland
             .
             folio
          
        
         
           
             Hymens
             Preludia
          
           ,
           or
           Loves
           Master
           piece
           ,
           being
           the
           seventh
           part
           of
           that
           so
           much
           admired
           Romance
           ,
           Intituled
           Cleopatra
           written
           originally
           in
           French
           ,
           and
           now
           rendered
           into
           English
           by
           J.
           C.
           8●
        
         
           De
           Hibernia
           et
           Antiqui●atibus
           suis
           disquisitiones
           ,
           Editio
           secunda
           emendatior
           et
           quarta
           parte
           auctitor
           .
           Accesserunt
           rerum
           hi●erni
           earum
           reguante
           Hencico
           ,
           VIII
           .
           Annales
           ●unc
           primum
           in
           lucem
           ●diti
           .
           A
           Iacob●
           Wat●o
           .
           Autore
           Equ
           .
           Au●
           .
           8●
        
         
         
           Honoria
           and
           Mammon
           ,
           with
           the
           contention
           of
           Ajax
           and
           Ulisses
           for
           the
           Armor
           of
           Achilles
           ,
           by
           
             Iames
             Shyrly
             ,
             Gent
          
           ,
           8●
        
         
           Certain
           Discourses
           ,
           viz.
           of
           Babylon
           
             (
             Revel
          
           .
           18.
           4.
           
           )
           being
           he
           present
           See
           of
           Rome
           ,
           (
           with
           a
           Sermon
           of
           Bishop
           Bedels
           upon
           the
           same
           words
           ;
           of
           laying
           on
           of
           Hands
           (
           Heb.
           6.
           2.
           
           )
           to
           be
           an
           ordained
           ministry
           ;
           of
           the
           old
           form
           of
           words
           in
           Ordination
           ;
           of
           a
           set
           form
           of
           Prayer
           .
           Each
           being
           the
           Judgment
           of
           the
           late
           Arch-Bishop
           of
           Armagh
           and
           Primate
           of
           all
           Ireland
           .
           Published
           and
           enlarged
           by
           N.
           Bernard
           .
           D.
           D.
           and
           Preacher
           to
           the
           honourable
           Society
           of
           Grays-Inne
           ,
           unto
           which
           is
           added
           a
           Character
           to
           Bishop
           Bedel
           ,
           and
           an
           answer
           to
           Mr.
           Perce's
           fifth
           Letter
           concerning
           the
           late
           Primate
           .
           8●
        
         
           
             Hymens
             Preludia
          
           or
           Loves
           Master-piece
           ,
           being
           the
           ninth
           and
           tenth
           part
           of
           that
           so
           much
           admired
           Romance
           Intituled
           Cleopatra
           ,
           written
           originally
           in
           French
           ,
           and
           now
           rendered
           into
           English
           ,
           by
           
             I.
             D.
             folio
          
           .
        
         
           The
           Antiquitie●
           of
           Warick
           shiere
           illustrated
           and
           beautified
           with
           Maps
           ,
           prospects
           and
           Pourtractuers
           ,
           by
           
             William
             Dugdale
             .
             folio
          
           .
        
         
           By
           whom
           also
           a●●
           manner
           of
           Books
           are
           to
           be
           sold
           brought
           from
           beyond
           the
           Sea●
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
         
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A28676-e1290
           
             *
             Pole-hedge
             set
             up
             agai●st
             a
             wall
             ,
             much
             used
             in
             France
             .
          
           
             *
             Such
             as
             are
             pr●duced
             of
             Kernels
             .
          
           
             A
             wilde
             appl●
             produced
             of
             kernels
             ,
             on
             which
             they
             graff
             the
             Dwarf
             
          
           
             *
             Viz.
             that
             which
             rises
             in
             Spring
             &
             August
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             kind
             of
             Codling
             .
          
           
             *
             Sort
             that
             cleaves
             to
             the
             Stone
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             great
             white
             plum
             ,
             as
             big
             as
             an
             Abricot
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             black
             unpleasant
             fruit
             .
          
           
             *
             a
             kind
             of
             round
             Pumpeon
             or
             Citrovill
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             long
             excellentt
             cabbage
             .
          
           
             *
             Small
             dishes
             of
             severall
             things
             which
             stand
             twixt
             the
             greater
             to
             garnish
             the
             table
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             kinde
             of
             hip
             ,
             a
             ●ound
             red
             berrie
             ,
             Cor●●es
             is
             a
             fruit
             fashioned
             like
             a
             pear
             and
             to
             be
             rotted
             like
             a
             Medlar
             .
          
           
             Pear
             .
          
           
             *
             They
             call
             them
             in
             F●ance
             Bush●ll
             .
             boxes
             ,
             bei●g
             of
             that
             shape
             and
             containing
             about
             hal●
             a
             Bushell
             .
          
           
             *
             Moyen
             d●
             oeuf
             ,
             a
             Plum
             so
             called
             .
          
           
             *
             〈◊〉
             preserve
             them
             from
             worms
             
          
           
             *
             In
             which
             the
             beau●s
             are
             involved
             .
          
           
             Gas●be
             an
             instrument
             made
             like
             an
             Oare
             .