A nevv orchard and garden, or, The best way for planting, grafting, and to make any ground good for a rich orchard particularly in the nor[th] and generally for the whole kingdome of England, as in nature, reason, situation and all probabilitie, may and doth appeare : with the country housewifes garden for hearbes of common vse, their vertues, seasons, profits, ornaments, varietie of knots, models for trees, and plots for the best ordering of grounds and walkes : as also the husbandry of bees, with their seuerall vses and annoyances, being the experience of 48 yeares labour ... / by William Lawson ; whereunto is newly added the art of propagating plants, with the tree ordering manner of fruits in their gathering, carring home & preseruation.
         Lawson, William, fl. 1618.
      
       
         
           1631
        
      
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             A nevv orchard and garden, or, The best way for planting, grafting, and to make any ground good for a rich orchard particularly in the nor[th] and generally for the whole kingdome of England, as in nature, reason, situation and all probabilitie, may and doth appeare : with the country housewifes garden for hearbes of common vse, their vertues, seasons, profits, ornaments, varietie of knots, models for trees, and plots for the best ordering of grounds and walkes : as also the husbandry of bees, with their seuerall vses and annoyances, being the experience of 48 yeares labour ... / by William Lawson ; whereunto is newly added the art of propagating plants, with the tree ordering manner of fruits in their gathering, carring home & preseruation.
             Lawson, William, fl. 1618.
             Harward, Simon, fl. 1572-1614. Most profitable newe treatise from approued experience of the art of propagating plants.
             Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.
          
           
             And now the second time corrected and much enlarged.
          
           [8], 134 p. : ill.
           
             Printed by Nicholas Okes for Iohn Harison, at the Golden Vnicorne in Pater-noster-row,
             London :
             1631.
          
           
             "The country house-wifes garden" has special t.p.; it is sometimes erroneously attributed to Gervase Markham.
             Includes "A most profitable newe treatise from approued experience of the art of propagating plants, by Simon Harward."
             Statement of responsibility follows edition statement.
             T.p. contains illustration.
             Signatures: A⁴ B-I⁸ K⁴ (last leaf blank).
             Reproduction of original in the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign Campus). Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Fruit-culture -- Great Britain.
           Gardening -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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               A
               NEVV
               ORCHARD
               AND
               GARDEN
               OR
               The
               best
               way
               for
               planting
               ,
               grafting
               ,
               and
               to
               make
               any
               ground
               good
               ,
               for
               a
               rich
               Orchard
               :
               Particularly
               in
               the
               Nor●●
               and
               generally
               for
               the
               whole
               kingdome
               of
               England
               ,
               as
               in
               nature
               ,
               reason
               ,
               situation
               ,
               and
               all
               probabilitie
               ,
               may
               and
               doth
               appeare
               .
            
             
               With
               the
               Country
               Housewifes
               Garden
               for
               hearbes
               of
               common
               vse
               their
               vertues
               ,
               seasons
               ,
               profits
               ,
               ornaments
               ,
               varietie
               of
               knots
               ,
               models
               for
               trees
               ,
               and
               plots
               for
               the
               best
               o●dering
               of
               Grounds
               and
               Walkes
               .
            
             
               AS
               ALSO
               The
               Husbandry
               of
               Bees
               ,
               with
               their
               seuerall
               vses
               and
               annoyances
               〈◊〉
               being
               the
               experience
               of
               48.
               yeares
               labour
               ,
               and
               now
               the
               second
               time
               corrected
               and
               much
               enla●ged
               ,
               by
               
                 William
                 Lawson
              
               .
            
             
               Whereunto
               is
               newly
               added
               the
               Art
               of
               propagating
               Plants
               ,
               with
               the
               tr●●
               ordering
               of
               all
               manner
               of
               Fruits
               ,
               in
               their
               gathering
               ,
               carring
               home
               ,
               &
               preseruation
               .
            
             
               
                 Skill
                 and
                 paines
                 bring
                 fruitfull
                 gaines
                 .
              
               
                 Nemo
                 sibi
                 〈◊〉
                 .
              
            
             
               LONDON
               ,
               Printed
               by
               
                 Nicholas
                 Okes
              
               for
               IOHN
               HARISON
               ,
               at
               the
               golden
               Vnicorne
               in
               Pater-noster-row
               .
               1631.
               
            
          
           
             
             
             
               TO
               THE
               RIGHT
               VVORSHIPFVLL
               SIR
               HENRY
               BELOSSES
               .
               Knight
               and
               Baronet
               .
            
             
               
                 Worthy
                 Sir
                 ,
              
            
             
               WHen
               in
               many
               yeeres
               by
               long
               experience
               I
               had
               furnished
               this
               my
               Northerne
               Orchard
               and
               Countrey
               Garden
               with
               needfull
               plants
               and
               vsefull
               hearbes
               ,
               I
               did
               impart
               the
               view
               thereof
               to
               my
               friends
               ,
               who
               resorted
               to
               me
               to
               conferre
               in
               matters
               of
               that
               nature
               ,
               they
               did
               see
               it
               ,
               and
               seeing
               it
               desired
               ,
               and
               I
               must
               not
               denie
               now
               the
               publishing
               of
               it
               (
               which
               then
               I
               allotted
               to
               my
               priuate
               delight
               )
               for
               the
               publike
               profit
               of
               others
               .
               Wherefore
               ,
               though
               I
               could
               pleade
               custome
               the
               ordinarie
               excuse
               of
               all
               Writers
               ,
               to
               chuse
               a
               Patron
               and
               Protector
               of
               their
               Workes
               ,
               and
               so
               shroud
               my selfe
               from
               scandall
               vnder
               your
               honourable
               fauour
               ,
               yet
               haue
               I
               certaine
               reasons
               to
               excuse
               this
               my
               presumption
               :
               First
               ,
               the
               many
               courtesies
               
               you
               haue
               vouchsafed
               me
               .
               Secondly
               ,
               your
               delightfull
               skill
               in
               matters
               of
               this
               nature
               .
               Thirdly
               ,
               the
               profit
               which
               I
               receiued
               from
               your
               learned
               discourse
               of
               Fruit-trees
               .
            
             
               Fourthly
               ,
               your
               animating
               and
               assisting
               of
               others
               to
               such
               endeuours
               .
               Last
               of
               all
               ,
               the
               rare
               worke
               of
               your
               owne
               in
               this
               kind
               all
               which
               to
               publish
               vnder
               your
               protection
               ,
               I
               haue
               aduentured
               (
               as
               you
               see
               )
               Vouchsafe
               it
               therefore
               entertainement
               ,
               I
               pray
               you
               ,
               and
               I
               hope
               you
               shal●
               finde
               it
               not
               ●he
               vnp●ofitablest
               seruant
               of
               your
               retinue
               :
               for
               when
               your
               serious
               employments
               are
               ouerpassed
               ,
               it
               may
               interpose
               some
               commoditie
               ,
               and
               raise
               your
               contentment
               out
               of
               varietie
               .
            
             
               
                 Your
                 Worships
                 most
                 bounden
                 ,
                 
                   WILLIAM
                   LAVVSON
                
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               THE
               PREFACE
               to
               all
               well
               minded
               .
            
             
               ARt
               hath
               her
               first
               originall
               out
               of
               experience
               ,
               which
               therefore
               is
               called
               the
               Schoole-mistresse
               of
               fooles
               ,
               because
               she
               teacheth
               infallibly
               ,
               and
               plainely●
               as
               drawing
               her
               knowledge
               out
               of
               the
               course
               of
               Nature
               ,
               (
               which
               neuer
               failes
               in
               the
               generall
               )
               by
               the
               senses
               ,
               feelingly
               apprehending
               ,
               and
               comparing
               (
               with
               the
               helpe
               of
               the
               minde
               )
               the
               workes
               of
               nature
               ;
               and
               as
               in
               all
               other
               things
               naturall
               ,
               so
               especially
               in
               Trees
               :
               for
               what
               is
               Art
               more
               then
               a
               prouident
               and
               skilfull
               Collectrix
               of
               the
               faults
               of
               Nature
               in
               particular
               workes
               ,
               apprehended
               by
               the
               senses
               ?
               As
               when
               good
               ground
               naturally
               brings
               forth
               th●stles
               ,
               trees
               stand
               too
               thicke
               ,
               or
               too
               thin
               ,
               or
               a
               ●●●derly
               ,
               or
               (
               without
               dressing
               )
               put
               forth
               vnprofitable
               suckers
               ,
               and
               such
               like
               All
               which
               and
               a
               thousand
               more
               ,
               Art
               reformeth
               ,
               being
               taught
               by
               experien●e
               and
               therefore
               must
               we
               count
               that
               Art
               the
               surest
               ,
               that
               stands
               vpon
               experimentall
               rules
               ,
               gathered
               by
               the
               rule
               of
               reason
               (
               not
               conceit
               )
               of
               all
               other
               rules
               the
               surest
               .
            
             
               Whereupon
               haue
               I
               of
               my
               meere
               and
               sole
               experience
               ,
               without
               respect
               to
               any
               former
               written
               Treat●se
               gathered
               these
               rules
               ,
               and
               set
               them
               downe
               in
               writing
               ,
               not
               daring
               to
               hide
               the
               least
               talent
               giuen
               me
               of
               my
               Lord
               and
               Master
               in
               Heauen
               :
               neither
               is
               this
               in●urious
               to
               any
               ,
               though
               it
               differ
               from
               the
               common
               opinion
               
               in
               diuers
               points
               ,
               to
               make
               it
               knowne
               to
               others
               ,
               what
               good
               I
               haue
               found
               out
               in
               this
               facultie
               by
               long
               triall
               and
               experience
               .
               I
               confesse
               freely
               my
               want
               of
               curious
               skill
               in
               the
               Art
               of
               planting
               .
               And
               I
               admire
               and
               praise
               
                 Plinie
                 ,
                 Aristotle
                 ,
                 Virgil
                 ,
                 Cicero
                 ,
              
               and
               many
               others
               for
               wit
               and
               iudgement
               in
               this
               kind
               ,
               and
               leaue
               them
               to
               their
               times
               ,
               manner
               ,
               and
               seuerall
               Countries
               .
            
             
               I
               am
               not
               determined
               (
               neither
               can
               I
               worthily
               )
               to
               set
               forth
               the
               praises
               of
               this
               Art
               :
               how
               some
               ,
               and
               not
               a
               few
               ,
               euen
               of
               the
               best
               ,
               haue
               accounted
               it
               a
               chiefe
               part
               of
               earthly
               happinesse
               ,
               to
               haue
               faire
               and
               pleasant
               Orchards
               ,
               as
               in
               Hesperia
               and
               Thessaly
               ,
               how
               all
               with
               one
               consent
               agree
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               a
               chiefe
               part
               of
               Husbandry
               (
               as
               
                 Tully
                 de
                 senectute
              
               )
               and
               Husbandry
               maintaines
               the
               world
               ;
               how
               ancient
               ,
               how
               ,
               profitable
               ,
               how
               pleasant
               it
               is
               ,
               how
               many
               secrets
               of
               nature
               it
               doth
               containe
               ,
               how
               loued
               ,
               how
               much
               practised
               in
               the
               best
               places
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               best
               :
               This
               hath
               already
               beene
               done
               by
               many
               .
               I
               only
               aime
               at
               the
               common
               good
               .
               I
               delight
               not
               in
               curious
               conceits
               ,
               as
               planting
               and
               graffing
               with
               the
               root
               vpwards
               ,
               inoculating
               Roses
               on
               Thornes
               .
               and
               such
               like
               ,
               although
               I
               haue
               heard
               of
               diuers
               prooued
               some
               ,
               and
               read
               of
               moe
               .
            
             
               The
               Stationer
               hath
               (
               as
               being
               most
               desirous
               with
               me
               ,
               to
               further
               the
               common
               good
               )
               bestowed
               much
               cost
               and
               care
               in
               hauing
               the
               Knots
               and
               Models
               by
               the
               best
               Artizan
               cut
               in
               great
               varietie
               ,
               that
               nothing
               might
               be
               any
               way
               wanting
               to
               satisfie
               the
               curious
               desire
               of
               those
               that
               would
               make
               vse
               of
               this
               Booke
               .
            
             
               And
               I
               shew
               a
               plaine
               and
               sure
               way
               of
               planting
               ,
               which
               I
               haue
               found
               good
               by
               48.
               yeeres
               (
               and
               moe
               )
               experience
               in
               the
               North
               part
               of
               England
               :
               I
               preiudicate
               and
               enuie
               none
               ,
               wishing
               yet
               all
               to
               abstaine
               from
               maligning
               that
               good
               (
               to
               them
               vnknowne
               )
               which
               is
               well
               intended
               .
               Farewell
               .
            
             
               
                 Thine
                 ,
                 for
                 thy
                 good
                 ,
                 
                   W.
                   L.
                
                 
              
            
          
           
             
             
               A
               Table
               of
               the
               things
               Contayned
               in
               this
               Booke
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   1.
                   
                
                 
                   OF
                   the
                   Gardner
                   his
                   labour
                   and
                   wadges
                   .
                
                 
                   pag.
                   1
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   2.
                   
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Soyle
                   .
                
                 
                   pag.
                   3
                
                 
                   The
                   kinds
                   of
                   trees
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   3
                
                 
                   Of
                   barren
                   earth
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   4
                
                 
                   Of
                   Grasse
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   5
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Crust
                   of
                   the
                   earth
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   6
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   3.
                   
                
                 
                   Lowe
                   &
                   neere
                   the
                   Riuer
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   6
                
                 
                   Of
                   Windes
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   8
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Sunne
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   8
                
                 
                   Trees
                   against
                   a
                   wall
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   8
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   4.
                   
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   quantity
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   10
                
                 
                   Orchards
                   as
                   good
                   as
                   a
                   Corne-field
                   .
                
                 
                   pag.
                   10
                
                 
                   Good
                   as
                   the
                   Vineyard
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   11
                
                 
                   What
                   quantity
                   of
                   ground
                   .
                
                 
                   11
                
                 
                   Want
                   no
                   hinderance
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   12
                
                 
                   How
                   Land-lords
                   by
                   their
                   Tenants
                   may
                   make
                   flourishing
                   Orchards
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   12
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   5.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   forme
                   of
                   the
                   Orchard
                   .
                
                 
                   12
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   6.
                   
                
                 
                   Of
                   Fences
                   .
                
                 
                   pag.
                   14
                
                 
                   Effects
                   of
                   euill
                   Fencing
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   14
                
                 
                   The
                   kinds
                   of
                   Fencinge●
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   15
                
                 
                   Of
                   Pales
                   and
                   Rayles
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   15
                
                 
                   Of
                   Stone-walles
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   15
                
                 
                   Of
                   Quicksets
                   and
                   Moates
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   16
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   7.
                   
                
                 
                   Of
                   Setts
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   17
                
                 
                   Of
                   Slipps
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   17
                
                 
                   Of
                   Burknots
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   17
                
                 
                   Of
                   Small
                   Setts
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   18
                
                 
                   Tying
                   of
                   Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   19
                
                 
                   Signes
                   of
                   diseases
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   19
                
                 
                   Of
                   Suckers
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   20
                
                 
                   A
                   Running
                   plant
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   20
                
                 
                   Of
                   bough
                   Setts
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   21
                
                 
                   The
                   best
                   Sett
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   22
                
                 
                   Times
                   of
                   remouing
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   23
                
                 
                   The
                   manner
                   of
                   setting
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   26
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   8.
                   
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   distance
                   of
                   trees
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   28
                
                 
                   The
                   hurts
                   of
                   too
                   neere
                   planting
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   28
                
                 
                   All
                   touches
                   hurtfull
                   .
                
                 
                   p
                   29
                
                 
                   
                   The
                   best
                   distance
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   29
                
                 
                   Of
                   wast
                   ground
                   in
                   an
                   Orchard
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   30
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   9.
                   
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   placing
                   of
                   trees
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   31
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   10.
                   
                
                 
                   Of
                   Grafting
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   33
                
                 
                   ●he
                   kinds
                   of
                   Grafting
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   34
                
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   to
                   Gra●t
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   34
                
                 
                   What
                   a
                   Graft
                   is
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   34
                
                 
                   ●he
                   ●ies
                   of
                   a
                   Graft
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   34
                
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   of
                   Grafting
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   35
                
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   of
                   Grafts
                   .
                
                 
                   p
                   36
                
                 
                   〈…〉
                   sing
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   37
                
                 
                   
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   38
                
                 
                   
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   39
                
                 
                   ●●aft●ng
                   in
                   the
                   Scutcheon
                
                 
                   p
                   39
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   11.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   right
                   dressing
                   of
                   trees
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   40
                
                 
                   Timber-wood
                   euill
                   dress
                
                 
                   41
                
                 
                   The
                   cause
                   of
                   hurts
                   in
                   wood
                   .
                
                 
                   pag.
                   42
                
                 
                   How
                   to
                   dresse
                   Timber
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   43
                
                 
                   The
                   profit
                   of
                   dressing
                   .
                
                 
                   p
                   43.45
                
                 
                   Trees
                   will
                   take
                   any
                   form●
                   .
                
                 
                   44
                
                 
                   How
                   to
                   dresse
                   all
                   Fruit-trees
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   44
                
                 
                   The
                   best
                   times
                   for
                   proyning
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   47
                
                 
                   Faults
                   of
                   euill
                   dressing
                   and
                   the
                   remedies
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   48
                
                 
                   Of
                   water-boughes
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   49
                
                 
                   Barke-pyld
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   
                     49
                     56
                  
                
                 
                   Instruments
                   for
                   dressing
                   .
                
                 
                   50
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   12.
                   
                
                 
                   Of
                   Foyling
                   .
                
                 
                   p
                   53
                
                 
                   Time
                   fit
                   for
                   Foyling
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   53
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   13.
                   
                
                 
                   Of
                   Annoyances
                   .
                
                 
                   p
                   54
                
                 
                   Two
                   euill
                   in
                   an
                   Orchard
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   54
                
                 
                   Of
                   galls
                   cankers
                   mosse
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   55
                
                 
                   Of
                   w●l●ull
                   annoyances
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   60
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   14.
                   
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   age
                   of
                   trees
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   60
                
                 
                   The
                   parts
                   of
                   a
                   trees
                   age
                   .
                
                 
                   p
                   61
                
                 
                   Of
                   Mans
                   age
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   62
                
                 
                   The
                   age
                   of
                   timber-trees
                   .
                
                 
                   64
                
                 
                   To
                   discerne
                   the
                   age
                   of
                   trees
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   65
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   15
                   :
                
                 
                   Of
                   gathering
                   and
                   keeping
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   p.
                   65
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   16.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   profit
                   of
                   Orchards
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   67
                
                 
                   Of
                   Cydar
                   and
                   Perry
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   67
                
                 
                   Of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   Waters
                   and
                   Conserue
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   68
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   17.
                   
                
                 
                   Of
                   Ornaments
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   68
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   delights
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   69
                
                 
                   The
                   causes
                   of
                   delights
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   70
                
                 
                   Of
                   Flowers
                   ,
                   Borders
                   ,
                   Mounts
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   p.
                   71
                
                 
                   Of
                   Bees
                   .
                
                 
                   p.
                   72
                
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               THE
               BEST
               ,
               SVRE
               AND
               READIEST
               VVAY
               to
               make
               a
               good
               Orchard
               and
               Garden
               .
            
             
               
                 CHAPTER
                 .
                 1.
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 Gardner
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Wages
                 .
              
               
                 WHosoeuer
                 desireth
                 &
                 endeauoureth
                 to
                 haue
                 a
                 pleasant
                 ,
                 and
                 profitable
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 must
                 (
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 able
                 )
                 prouide
                 himselfe
                 of
                 a
                 Fruicterer
                 ,
                 religious
                 ,
                 
                 honest
                 ,
                 skilful
                 in
                 that
                 faculty
                 ,
                 &
                 therwithall
                 painfull
                 :
                 By
                 religious
                 ,
                 I
                 meane
                 (
                 because
                 many
                 think
                 religion
                 but
                 a
                 fashion
                 or
                 custome
                 to
                 go
                 to
                 Church
                 )
                 maintaining
                 ,
                 &
                 cherishing
                 things
                 religious
                 :
                 as
                 Schooles
                 of
                 learning
                 ,
                 Churches
                 ,
                 Tythes
                 ,
                 Church-goods
                 ,
                 &
                 rights
                 ;
                 and
                 aboue
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 Gods
                 word
                 ,
                 &
                 the
                 Preachers
                 thereof
                 ,
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 he
                 is
                 able
                 ,
                 practising
                 prayers
                 ,
                 comfortable
                 conference
                 ,
                 mutuall
                 instruction
                 to
                 edifie
                 ,
                 almes
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 works
                 of
                 Charity
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 conscience
                 .
              
               
                 Honesty
                 in
                 a
                 Gardner
                 ,
                 
                 will
                 grace
                 your
                 Garden
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 your
                 house
                 ,
                 and
                 helpe
                 to
                 stay
                 vnbridled
                 Seruingmen
                 ,
                 giuing
                 offence
                 to
                 none
                 ,
                 not
                 calling
                 your
                 name
                 into
                 question
                 by
                 dishonest
                 acts
                 ,
                 nor
                 infecting
                 your
                 family
                 by
                 euill
                 counsell
                 or
                 example
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 plague
                 so
                 infectious
                 as
                 Popery
                 and
                 knauery
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 not
                 purloine
                 your
                 profit
                 ,
                 nor
                 hinder
                 your
                 pleasures
                 .
              
               
                 Concerning
                 his
                 skill
                 ,
                 
                 he
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 a
                 Scolist
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 shew
                 or
                 take
                 in
                 hand
                 that
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 cannot
                 performe
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 so
                 weighty
                 a
                 thing
                 as
                 an
                 Orchard
                 :
                 
                 than
                 the
                 which
                 ,
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 humane
                 thing
                 more
                 excellent
                 ,
                 either
                 for
                 pleasure
                 or
                 profit
                 ,
                 as
                 shall
                 (
                 God
                 willing
                 )
                 be
                 proued
                 in
                 the
                 treatise
                 following
                 .
                 And
                 what
                 an
                 hinderance
                 shall
                 it
                 be
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 to
                 the
                 owner
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 the
                 common
                 good
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 vnspeakeble
                 benefit
                 of
                 many
                 hundred
                 yeeres
                 shall
                 be
                 lost
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 audacious
                 attempt
                 of
                 an
                 vnskilfull
                 Arborist
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Gardner
                 had
                 not
                 need
                 be
                 an
                 idle
                 ,
                 or
                 lazie
                 Lubber
                 ,
                 for
                 so
                 your
                 Orchard
                 being
                 a
                 matter
                 of
                 such
                 moment
                 ,
                 
                 will
                 not
                 prosper
                 .
                 There
                 will
                 euer
                 be
                 some
                 thing
                 to
                 doe
                 .
                 Weedes
                 are
                 alwaies
                 growing
                 .
                 The
                 great
                 mother
                 of
                 all
                 liuing
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 seed
                 in
                 her
                 bowels
                 ,
                 and
                 any
                 stirring
                 glues
                 them
                 heat
                 of
                 Sunne
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 laid
                 neere
                 day
                 ,
                 they
                 grow
                 :
                 Mowles
                 worke
                 daily
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 alwaies
                 alike
                 .
                 Winter
                 herbes
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 will
                 grow
                 (
                 except
                 in
                 extreame
                 frost
                 .
                 )
                 In
                 Winter
                 your
                 young
                 trees
                 and
                 herbes
                 would
                 be
                 lightned
                 of
                 snow
                 ,
                 and
                 your
                 Allyes
                 cleansed
                 :
                 drifts
                 of
                 snow
                 will
                 set
                 Deere
                 ,
                 Hares
                 ,
                 and
                 Conyes
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 noysome
                 beasts
                 ouer
                 your
                 walles
                 &
                 hedges
                 ,
                 into
                 your
                 Orchard
                 .
                 When
                 Summer
                 cloathes
                 your
                 borders
                 with
                 greene
                 and
                 peckled
                 colours
                 ,
                 your
                 Gardner
                 must
                 dresse
                 his
                 hedges
                 ,
                 and
                 antike
                 workes
                 :
                 watch
                 his
                 Bees
                 ,
                 and
                 hiue
                 them
                 :
                 distill
                 his
                 Roses
                 and
                 other
                 herbes
                 .
                 Now
                 begins
                 Summer
                 Fruit
                 to
                 ripe
                 ,
                 and
                 craue
                 your
                 hand
                 to
                 pull
                 them
                 .
                 If
                 he
                 haue
                 a
                 Garden
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 must
                 need
                 )
                 to
                 keepe
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 needs
                 allow
                 him
                 good
                 helpe
                 ,
                 to
                 end
                 his
                 labours
                 which
                 are
                 endlesse
                 ,
                 for
                 no
                 one
                 man
                 is
                 sufficient
                 for
                 these
                 things
                 .
              
               
                 Such
                 a
                 Gardner
                 as
                 will
                 conscionably
                 ,
                 quietly
                 and
                 patiently
                 ,
                 trauell
                 in
                 your
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 
                 God
                 shall
                 crowne
                 the
                 labours
                 of
                 his
                 hands
                 with
                 ioyfulnesse
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 the
                 clouds
                 drop
                 fatnesse
                 vpon
                 your
                 trees
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 prouoke
                 your
                 loue
                 ,
                 and
                 earne
                 his
                 wages
                 ,
                 and
                 fees
                 belonging
                 to
                 
                 his
                 place
                 :
                 The
                 house
                 being
                 serued
                 ,
                 fallen
                 fruite
                 ,
                 superfluity
                 of
                 herbes
                 ,
                 and
                 flowers
                 ,
                 seedes
                 ,
                 graffes
                 ,
                 sets
                 ,
                 and
                 besides
                 other
                 offall
                 ,
                 that
                 fruit
                 which
                 your
                 bountifull
                 hand
                 shall
                 reward
                 him
                 withall
                 ,
                 will
                 much
                 augment
                 his
                 wages
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 profit
                 of
                 your
                 bees
                 will
                 pay
                 you
                 backe
                 againe
                 .
              
               
                 I●
                 you
                 be
                 not
                 able
                 ,
                 nor
                 willing
                 to
                 hire
                 a
                 gardner
                 ,
                 keepe
                 your
                 profits
                 to
                 your selfe
                 ,
                 but
                 then
                 you
                 must
                 take
                 all
                 the
                 pains
                 :
                 And
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 (
                 if
                 you
                 want
                 this
                 faculty
                 )
                 to
                 instruct
                 you
                 ,
                 haue
                 I
                 vndertaken
                 these
                 labours
                 ,
                 and
                 gathered
                 these
                 rules
                 ,
                 but
                 chiefly
                 respecting
                 my
                 Countries
                 good
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 2.
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 soyle
                 .
              
               
                 FRuit-trees
                 most
                 common
                 ,
                 and
                 meetest
                 for
                 our
                 Northerne
                 Countries
                 :
                 (
                 as
                 Apples
                 ,
                 Peares
                 ,
                 
                 Cheries
                 ,
                 Filberds
                 ,
                 red
                 and
                 white
                 Plummes
                 ,
                 Damsons
                 ,
                 and
                 Bulles
                 ,
                 )
                 for
                 we
                 meddle
                 not
                 with
                 Apricockes
                 nor
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 nor
                 searcely
                 with
                 Quinces
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 not
                 like
                 in
                 our
                 cold
                 parts
                 ,
                 vnlesse
                 they
                 be
                 helped
                 with
                 some
                 reflex
                 of
                 Sunne
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 like
                 meanes
                 ,
                 nor
                 with
                 bushes
                 ,
                 bearing
                 berries
                 ,
                 as
                 Barberies
                 ,
                 Goose-berries
                 ,
                 or
                 Grosers
                 ,
                 Raspe-berries
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 Barbery
                 be
                 wholesome
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 tree
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 great
                 :
                 doe
                 require
                 (
                 as
                 all
                 other
                 trees
                 doe
                 )
                 a
                 blacke
                 ,
                 fat
                 ,
                 mellow
                 ,
                 cleane
                 and
                 well
                 tempered
                 soyle
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 may
                 gather
                 plenty
                 of
                 good
                 sap
                 .
                 Some
                 thinke
                 the
                 Hasell
                 would
                 haue
                 a
                 chanily
                 rocke
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 sallow
                 ,
                 and
                 eller
                 a
                 waterish
                 marish
                 .
                 The
                 soile
                 is
                 made
                 better
                 by
                 deluing
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 other
                 meanes
                 ,
                 being
                 well
                 melted
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 wildnesse
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 and
                 weedes
                 (
                 for
                 euery
                 thing
                 subiect
                 to
                 man
                 ,
                 and
                 seruing
                 his
                 vse
                 (
                 not
                 well
                 ordered
                 ,
                 is
                 by
                 nature
                 subiect
                 
                 to
                 the
                 curse
                 ,
                 )
                 is
                 killed
                 by
                 frosts
                 and
                 drought
                 ,
                 by
                 fallowing
                 and
                 laying
                 on
                 heapes
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 wild
                 earth
                 ,
                 with
                 burning
                 .
              
               
                 
                 If
                 your
                 ground
                 be
                 barren
                 (
                 for
                 some
                 are
                 forced
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 Orchard
                 of
                 barren
                 ground
                 )
                 make
                 a
                 pit
                 three
                 quarters
                 deepe
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 yards
                 wide
                 ,
                 and
                 round
                 in
                 such
                 places
                 ,
                 where
                 you
                 would
                 set
                 your
                 trees
                 ,
                 and
                 fill
                 the
                 same
                 with
                 fat
                 ,
                 pure
                 ,
                 and
                 mellow
                 earth
                 ,
                 one
                 whole
                 foot
                 higher
                 then
                 your
                 Soile
                 ,
                 and
                 therein
                 set
                 your
                 Plant.
                 For
                 who
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 manure
                 an
                 whole
                 Orchard
                 plot
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 barren
                 ?
                 But
                 if
                 you
                 determine
                 to
                 manure
                 the
                 whole
                 site
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 your
                 way
                 :
                 digge
                 a
                 trench
                 halfe
                 a
                 yard
                 deepe
                 ,
                 all
                 along
                 the
                 lower
                 (
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 a
                 lower
                 )
                 side
                 of
                 your
                 Orchard
                 plot
                 ,
                 casting
                 vp
                 all
                 the
                 earth
                 on
                 the
                 inner
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 fill
                 the
                 same
                 with
                 good
                 short
                 ,
                 hot●
                 &
                 tender
                 muck
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 such
                 another
                 Trench
                 ,
                 and
                 fill
                 the
                 same
                 as
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 third
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 through
                 out
                 your
                 ground
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 this
                 meanes
                 your
                 plot
                 shall
                 be
                 fertile
                 for
                 your
                 life
                 .
                 But
                 be
                 sure
                 you
                 set
                 your
                 trees
                 ,
                 neither
                 in
                 dung
                 nor
                 barren
                 earth
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Your
                 ground
                 must
                 be
                 plaine
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 receiue
                 ,
                 and
                 keepe
                 moysture
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 the
                 raine
                 falling
                 thereon
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 water
                 cast
                 vpon
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 descending
                 from
                 higher
                 ground
                 by
                 sluices
                 ,
                 Conduits
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 For
                 I
                 account
                 moisture
                 in
                 Summer
                 very
                 needfull
                 in
                 the
                 soile
                 of
                 trees
                 ,
                 
                 &
                 drought
                 in
                 Winter
                 .
                 Prouided
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 ground
                 neither
                 be
                 boggy
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 inundation
                 be
                 past
                 24.
                 houres
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 but
                 twice
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 Summer
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 oft
                 in
                 the
                 Winter
                 .
                 Therefore
                 if
                 your
                 plot
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 Banke
                 ,
                 or
                 haue
                 a
                 descent
                 ,
                 make
                 Trenches
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 Allyes
                 ,
                 Walkes
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 the
                 Water
                 may
                 be
                 stayed
                 from
                 passage
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 too
                 much
                 water
                 be
                 any
                 hinderance
                 to
                 your
                 walks
                 (
                 for
                 dry
                 walkes
                 doe
                 well
                 become
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Orchard
                 them
                 :
                 )
                 raise
                 your
                 walkes
                 with
                 earth
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 then
                 with
                 stones
                 ,
                 as
                 bigge
                 as
                 Walnuts
                 :
                 and
                 lastly
                 ,
                 with
                 grauell
                 .
                 In
                 Summer
                 you
                 need
                 not
                 doubt
                 too
                 much
                 water
                 from
                 heauen
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 hurt
                 the
                 health
                 of
                 your
                 body
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 your
                 trees
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 ouerflowing
                 molest
                 you
                 after
                 one
                 day
                 ,
                 auoid
                 it
                 then
                 by
                 deepe
                 trenching
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 for
                 this
                 purpose
                 dig
                 the
                 soile
                 of
                 their
                 Orchard
                 to
                 receiue
                 moisture
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 cannot
                 approue
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 roots
                 with
                 digging
                 are
                 oftentimes
                 hurt
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 being
                 digged
                 by
                 some
                 vnskilfull
                 ●eruant
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Gardiner
                 cannot
                 doe
                 all
                 himselfe
                 .
                 And
                 moreouer
                 ,
                 the
                 roots
                 of
                 Apples
                 &
                 Pea●es
                 being
                 laid
                 neere
                 day
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 heate
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 will
                 pu●
                 forth
                 suckers
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 a
                 great
                 hinderance
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 wi●h
                 euill
                 guiding
                 ,
                 the
                 destruction
                 of
                 trees
                 ,
                 vnlesse
                 the
                 deluing
                 be
                 very
                 shallow
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 ground
                 laid
                 very
                 leuell
                 againe
                 .
                 Cherries
                 and
                 Plummes
                 without
                 deluing
                 ,
                 will
                 hardly
                 or
                 neuer
                 (
                 after
                 twenty
                 yeares
                 )
                 be
                 kept
                 from
                 such
                 suckers
                 ,
                 nor
                 aspes
                 .
              
               
                 Grasse
                 al●o
                 is
                 thought
                 needfull
                 ●or
                 moisture
                 ,
                 
                 so
                 you
                 let
                 it
                 not
                 touch
                 the
                 roots
                 of
                 your
                 trees
                 :
                 for
                 it
                 will
                 breed
                 mosse
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 boall
                 of
                 your
                 tree
                 neere
                 the
                 earth
                 would
                 haue
                 the
                 comfort
                 of
                 the
                 Sunne
                 and
                 Ayre
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 take
                 their
                 ground
                 to
                 be
                 too
                 moist
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 ,
                 by
                 re●son
                 of
                 waters
                 standing
                 thereon
                 ,
                 for
                 except
                 in
                 soure
                 marshes
                 ,
                 springs
                 ,
                 and
                 continuall
                 ouerflowings
                 ,
                 no
                 earth
                 can
                 be
                 too
                 moyst
                 .
                 Sandy
                 &
                 fat
                 earth
                 wi●l
                 auoid
                 all
                 water
                 falling
                 by
                 receit
                 .
                 Indeed
                 a
                 stifle
                 clay
                 wi●l
                 not
                 receiue
                 the
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 grassie
                 or
                 plaine
                 ,
                 especially
                 hollow
                 ,
                 the
                 water
                 will
                 abide
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 wil
                 seeme
                 waterish
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 fault
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 manuring
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 good
                 dressing
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 plainnesse
                 which
                 we
                 require
                 ,
                 had
                 reed
                 be
                 naturall
                 ,
                 because
                 to
                 force
                 an
                 vneuen
                 ground
                 will
                 destroy
                 the
                 fatnesse
                 .
                 For
                 euery
                 soile
                 hath
                 his
                 crust
                 next
                 day
                 wherein
                 
                 trees
                 and
                 herbes
                 put
                 their
                 roots
                 ,
                 and
                 whence
                 they
                 draw
                 their
                 sap
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 the
                 soile
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 fertile
                 with
                 heat
                 and
                 cold
                 ,
                 moisture
                 and
                 drought
                 ,
                 and
                 vnder
                 which
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 temperature
                 ,
                 
                 by
                 the
                 said
                 foure
                 qualities
                 ,
                 no
                 tree
                 nor
                 herbe
                 (
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 )
                 will
                 or
                 can
                 put
                 root
                 .
                 As
                 may
                 be
                 seene
                 if
                 in
                 digging
                 your
                 ground
                 ,
                 you
                 take
                 the
                 weeds
                 of
                 most
                 growth
                 :
                 as
                 grasse
                 or
                 docks
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 will
                 grow
                 though
                 they
                 lie
                 vpon
                 the
                 earth
                 bare
                 )
                 yet
                 bury
                 them
                 vnder
                 the
                 crust
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 will
                 surely
                 dye
                 and
                 perish
                 ,
                 &
                 become
                 manure
                 to
                 your
                 ground
                 This
                 crust
                 is
                 not
                 past
                 15.
                 or
                 18
                 inches
                 deepe
                 in
                 good
                 ground
                 ,
                 in
                 other
                 grounds
                 lesse
                 .
                 Hereby
                 appeares
                 the
                 fault
                 of
                 forced
                 plaines
                 ,
                 viz.
                 your
                 crust
                 in
                 the
                 lower
                 parts
                 ,
                 is
                 couered
                 with
                 the
                 crust
                 of
                 the
                 higher
                 parts
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 both
                 with
                 worse
                 earth
                 :
                 your
                 heights
                 hauing
                 the
                 crust
                 taken
                 away
                 ,
                 are
                 become
                 meerely
                 barren
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 either
                 you
                 must
                 force
                 a
                 new
                 crust
                 ,
                 or
                 haue
                 an
                 euill
                 soile
                 .
                 And
                 be
                 sure
                 you
                 leuell
                 ,
                 before
                 you
                 plant
                 ,
                 lest
                 you
                 be
                 forced
                 to
                 remoue
                 ,
                 or
                 hurt
                 your
                 plants
                 by
                 digging
                 ,
                 and
                 casting
                 amongst
                 their
                 roots
                 .
                 Your
                 ground
                 must
                 be
                 cleered
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 you
                 may
                 of
                 stones
                 ,
                 and
                 grauell
                 ,
                 walls
                 ,
                 hedges
                 ,
                 bushes
                 ,
                 &
                 other
                 weeds
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 3.
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 Site
                 .
              
               
                 THere
                 is
                 no
                 difference
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 find
                 betwixt
                 the
                 necessity
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 soile
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 good
                 site
                 of
                 an
                 Orchard
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 good
                 soile
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 before
                 described
                 ,
                 cannot
                 want
                 a
                 good
                 site
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 it
                 do
                 ,
                 the
                 fruit
                 cannot
                 be
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 good
                 site
                 will
                 much
                 mend
                 an
                 euill
                 soile
                 .
                 The
                 best
                 site
                 is
                 in
                 low
                 grounds
                 ,
                 
                 (
                 and
                 if
                 you
                 can
                 )
                 neere
                 vnto
                 a
                 Riuer
                 .
                 High
                 grounds
                 are
                 not
                 naturally
                 fat
                 .
              
               
               
                 And
                 if
                 they
                 haue
                 any
                 fatnesse
                 by
                 mans
                 hand
                 ,
                 the
                 very
                 descent
                 in
                 time
                 doth
                 wash
                 it
                 away
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 with
                 grounds
                 in
                 this
                 case
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 with
                 men
                 in
                 a
                 common
                 wealth
                 .
                 Much
                 will
                 haue
                 more
                 :
                 and
                 once
                 poore
                 ,
                 seldome
                 or
                 neuer
                 rich
                 .
                 The
                 raine
                 will
                 scind
                 ,
                 and
                 wash
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 wind
                 wi●l
                 blow
                 fatnesse
                 from
                 the
                 heights
                 to
                 the
                 hollowes
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 will
                 abide
                 ,
                 and
                 fatten
                 the
                 earth
                 though
                 it
                 were
                 barren
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 Hence
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 haue
                 seldome
                 any
                 plaine
                 grounds
                 ,
                 and
                 low
                 ,
                 barren
                 :
                 and
                 as
                 seldome
                 any
                 heights
                 naturally
                 fertill
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 vnspeakeable
                 ,
                 what
                 fatnesse
                 is
                 brought
                 to
                 low
                 grounds
                 by
                 inundations
                 of
                 waters
                 .
                 Neither
                 did
                 I
                 euer
                 know
                 any
                 barren
                 ground
                 in
                 a
                 low
                 plaine
                 by
                 a
                 Riuer
                 side
                 .
                 The
                 goodnesse
                 of
                 the
                 soile
                 in
                 Howle
                 or
                 Hollowdernes
                 ,
                 in
                 York●sh●re
                 ,
                 is
                 well
                 knowne
                 to
                 all
                 that
                 know
                 the
                 Riuer
                 Humber
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 huge
                 bulkes
                 of
                 their
                 Cattell
                 there
                 .
                 By
                 estimation
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 haue
                 seene
                 the
                 low
                 grounds
                 in
                 Holland
                 and
                 Zealand
                 ,
                 they
                 farre
                 surpasse
                 the
                 most
                 Countries
                 in
                 Europe
                 for
                 fruitfulnesse
                 ,
                 and
                 only
                 because
                 they
                 lie
                 so
                 low
                 .
                 
                 The
                 world
                 cannot
                 compare
                 with
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 
                 for
                 fertili●y
                 ,
                 so
                 farre
                 as
                 Nilus
                 doth
                 ouer
                 flow
                 his
                 bankes
                 .
                 
                 So
                 that
                 a
                 fitter
                 place
                 cannot
                 be
                 chosen
                 for
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 then
                 a
                 low
                 plaine
                 by
                 a
                 riuer
                 side
                 .
                 For
                 b●si●es
                 the
                 fatnesse
                 which
                 the
                 water
                 brings
                 ,
                 if
                 any
                 cloudy
                 mist
                 or
                 raine
                 be
                 stirring
                 ,
                 it
                 commonly
                 falls
                 downe
                 to
                 ,
                 and
                 followes
                 the
                 course
                 of
                 the
                 Riuer
                 .
                 And
                 where
                 see
                 we
                 greater
                 trees
                 of
                 bu●ke
                 and
                 bough
                 ,
                 then
                 standing
                 on
                 or
                 neere
                 the
                 waters
                 side
                 ?
                 If
                 you
                 aske
                 why
                 the
                 plaines
                 in
                 Holderns
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 countries
                 are
                 destitute
                 of
                 woods
                 ?
                 I
                 answer
                 that
                 men
                 and
                 cattell
                 (
                 that
                 haue
                 put
                 trees
                 thence
                 ,
                 from
                 out
                 of
                 Plaines
                 to
                 void
                 corners
                 )
                 are
                 better
                 then
                 trees
                 .
                 Neither
                 are
                 those
                 places
                 without
                 trees
                 .
                 
                 Our
                 old
                 fathers
                 can
                 tel
                 vs
                 ,
                 how
                 woods
                 are
                 decaied
                 ,
                 &
                 people
                 in
                 the
                 roomth
                 of
                 trees
                 
                 multiplied
                 .
                 I
                 haue
                 stood
                 somwhat
                 long
                 in
                 this
                 poynt
                 ,
                 because
                 some
                 do
                 condemne
                 a
                 moist
                 soile
                 for
                 fruit-trees
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 low
                 ground
                 is
                 good
                 to
                 auoide
                 the
                 danger
                 of
                 winds
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 shaking
                 downe
                 your
                 vnripe
                 fruite
                 .
                 
                 Trees
                 the
                 most
                 (
                 that
                 I
                 know
                 )
                 being
                 loaden
                 with
                 wood
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 proyning
                 ,
                 and
                 growing
                 high
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 vnskilfulnesse
                 of
                 the
                 Arborist
                 ,
                 must
                 needes
                 be
                 in
                 continuall
                 danger
                 of
                 the
                 South-west
                 ,
                 West
                 ,
                 and
                 North
                 west
                 winds
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 September
                 and
                 March
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 aire
                 is
                 most
                 temperate
                 from
                 extreme
                 heat
                 ,
                 and
                 cold
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 deadly
                 enemies
                 to
                 great
                 winds
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 chuse
                 your
                 ground
                 low
                 Or
                 if
                 you
                 be
                 forced
                 to
                 plant
                 in
                 a
                 higher
                 ground
                 ,
                 let
                 high
                 and
                 strong
                 wals
                 ,
                 houses
                 ,
                 and
                 trees
                 ,
                 as
                 wall-nuts
                 ,
                 plane
                 trees
                 ,
                 Okes
                 ,
                 and
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 placed
                 in
                 good
                 order
                 ,
                 be
                 your
                 fence
                 for
                 winds
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 sucken
                 of
                 your
                 dwelling
                 house
                 ,
                 descending
                 into
                 your
                 orchard
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 cleanly
                 conueyed
                 ,
                 is
                 good
                 .
              
               
                 
                 The
                 Sunne
                 ,
                 in
                 some
                 sort
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 life
                 of
                 the
                 world
                 .
                 It
                 maketh
                 proud
                 growth
                 ,
                 and
                 ripens
                 kindly
                 ,
                 and
                 speedily
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 golden
                 tearme
                 :
                 
                   Annus
                   fructificat
                   ,
                   non
                   tellus
                
                 .
                 Therefore
                 in
                 the
                 countries
                 ,
                 neerer
                 approching
                 the
                 Zodiake
                 ,
                 the
                 Sunnes
                 habitation
                 ,
                 they
                 haue
                 better
                 ,
                 and
                 sooner
                 ripe
                 fruite
                 ,
                 then
                 we
                 that
                 dwell
                 in
                 these
                 frozen
                 parts
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 prouoketh
                 most
                 of
                 our
                 great
                 Arborists
                 ,
                 to
                 plant
                 Apricockes
                 ,
                 Cherries
                 and
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 wall
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 with
                 tackes
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 meanes
                 to
                 spread
                 them
                 vpon
                 ,
                 and
                 fasten
                 them
                 to
                 a
                 wall
                 ,
                 to
                 haue
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 the
                 immoderate
                 reflexe
                 of
                 the
                 Sunne
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 commend●ble
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 hauing
                 of
                 faire
                 ,
                 good
                 &
                 soone
                 ripe
                 fruit
                 .
                 But
                 let
                 them
                 know
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 hurtfull
                 to
                 their
                 trees
                 then
                 the
                 benefit
                 they
                 reape
                 therby
                 :
                 as
                 not
                 suffering
                 a
                 tree
                 to
                 liue
                 the
                 tenth
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 age
                 .
                 It
                 helpes
                 Gardners
                 to
                 worke
                 ,
                 for
                 first
                 the
                 
                 wall
                 hinders
                 the
                 roots
                 ,
                 because
                 into
                 a
                 dry
                 and
                 hard
                 wall
                 of
                 earth
                 or
                 stone
                 a
                 tree
                 will
                 not
                 ,
                 no●
                 cannot
                 put
                 any
                 root
                 to
                 profit
                 ,
                 but
                 especially
                 it
                 stops
                 the
                 passage
                 of
                 sap
                 ,
                 whereby
                 the
                 barke
                 is
                 wounded●
                 &
                 the
                 wood
                 ,
                 &
                 diseases
                 grow
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 tree
                 becomes
                 short
                 of
                 life
                 For
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 a
                 man
                 ,
                 the
                 leaning
                 or
                 lying
                 on
                 some
                 member
                 ,
                 wherby
                 the
                 course
                 of
                 bloud
                 is
                 stopt
                 ,
                 makes
                 that
                 member
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 dead
                 for
                 the
                 time
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 bloud
                 returne
                 to
                 his
                 course
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 thinke
                 ,
                 if
                 that
                 stopping
                 should
                 continue
                 any
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 member
                 would
                 perish
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 bloud
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 life
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 bloud
                 )
                 and
                 so
                 endanger
                 the
                 body
                 :
                 so
                 the
                 sap
                 is
                 the
                 life
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 bloud
                 is
                 to
                 mans
                 body
                 :
                 neither
                 doth
                 the
                 tree
                 in
                 winter
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 supposed
                 )
                 want
                 his
                 sap
                 ,
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 mans
                 body
                 his
                 bloud
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 winter
                 ,
                 and
                 time
                 of
                 sleep
                 draws
                 inward
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 dead
                 time
                 of
                 winter
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 tree
                 ,
                 is
                 but
                 a
                 night
                 of
                 rest
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 tree
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 ,
                 euen
                 in
                 winter
                 is
                 nourished
                 with
                 sap
                 ,
                 &
                 groweth
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 mans
                 body
                 .
                 The
                 chilling
                 cold
                 may
                 well
                 some
                 little
                 time
                 stay
                 ,
                 or
                 hinder
                 the
                 proud
                 course
                 of
                 the
                 sap
                 ,
                 but
                 so
                 little
                 &
                 so
                 short
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 calme
                 &
                 mild
                 season
                 ,
                 euen
                 in
                 the
                 depth
                 of
                 winter
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 marke
                 it
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 easily
                 perceiue
                 ,
                 the
                 sap
                 to
                 put
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 your
                 trees
                 to
                 increase
                 their
                 buds
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 formed
                 in
                 the
                 summer
                 before
                 ,
                 &
                 may
                 easily
                 be
                 discerned
                 :
                 for
                 leaues
                 fall
                 not
                 off
                 ,
                 til
                 they
                 be
                 thrust
                 off
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 knots
                 or
                 buds
                 ,
                 wherupon
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 passe
                 that
                 trees
                 cannot
                 beare
                 fruit
                 plentifully
                 two
                 yeares
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 themselues
                 ready
                 to
                 blossome
                 against
                 the
                 seasonablenesse
                 of
                 the
                 next
                 Spring
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 if
                 any
                 frost
                 be
                 so
                 extreme
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 stay
                 the
                 sap
                 too
                 much
                 ,
                 or
                 too
                 long
                 ,
                 then
                 it
                 kils
                 the
                 forward
                 fruit
                 in
                 the
                 bud
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 the
                 tender
                 leaues
                 and
                 twigs
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 the
                 tree
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 ,
                 to
                 returne
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 perillous
                 to
                 stop
                 the
                 sap
                 .
                 And
                 where
                 ,
                 or
                 when
                 ,
                 did
                 you
                 euer
                 see
                 a
                 great
                 tree
                 
                 packt
                 on
                 a
                 wall
                 ?
                 Nay
                 ,
                 who
                 did
                 euer
                 know
                 a
                 tree
                 so
                 vnkindly
                 splat
                 ,
                 come
                 to
                 age
                 ?
                 I
                 haue
                 heard
                 of
                 some
                 ,
                 that
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 imaginary
                 cunning
                 ,
                 haue
                 planted
                 such
                 trees
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 North
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 wall●
                 to
                 auoide
                 drought
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 heate
                 of
                 the
                 Sunne
                 is
                 as
                 comfortable
                 (
                 which
                 they
                 should
                 haue
                 regarded
                 )
                 as
                 the
                 drought
                 is
                 hurtfull
                 .
                 And
                 although
                 water
                 is
                 a
                 soueraigne
                 remedy
                 against
                 drought
                 ,
                 ye
                 want
                 of
                 Sun
                 is
                 no
                 way
                 to
                 be
                 helped
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 ●o
                 conc●ude
                 this
                 Chapter
                 ,
                 let
                 your
                 ground
                 lie
                 ●o
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 haue
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 and
                 West
                 Sun
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 ●ow
                 and
                 close
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 haue
                 moysture
                 ,
                 and
                 increase
                 his
                 fatnesse
                 (
                 for
                 trees
                 are
                 the
                 greatest
                 ●uckers
                 &
                 pillers
                 of
                 earth
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 f●ee
                 from
                 g●eat
                 winds
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 4.
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 quantity
                 .
              
               
                 IT
                 would
                 be
                 remembred
                 what
                 a
                 benefit
                 riseth
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 to
                 euery
                 particular
                 owner
                 of
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 to
                 the
                 common
                 wealth
                 ,
                 by
                 fruit
                 ,
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 shewed
                 in
                 the
                 16.
                 
                 Ch●pter
                 (
                 God
                 willing
                 )
                 whereupon
                 must
                 needes
                 follow
                 :
                 the
                 greater
                 the
                 Orchard
                 is
                 (
                 being
                 good
                 and
                 well
                 kept
                 )
                 the
                 better
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 for
                 of
                 good
                 things
                 ,
                 being
                 equally
                 good
                 ,
                 the
                 biggest
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 it
                 shall
                 appeare
                 ,
                 that
                 ●o
                 ground
                 a
                 man
                 occupieth
                 (
                 no
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 corne
                 field
                 )
                 yeeldeth
                 more
                 gaine
                 to
                 the
                 purse
                 ,
                 and
                 house
                 keeping
                 (
                 not
                 to
                 speake
                 of
                 the
                 vnspeakeable
                 pleasure
                 )
                 quantity
                 for
                 quantity
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 good
                 Orchard
                 (
                 besides
                 the
                 cost
                 in
                 planting
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 dressing
                 an
                 orchard
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 by
                 farre
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 labour
                 and
                 seeding
                 of
                 your
                 corne
                 fields
                 ,
                 nor
                 for
                 durance
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 comparable
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 certainty
                 of
                 the
                 on
                 before
                 
                 the
                 other
                 )
                 I
                 see
                 not
                 how
                 any
                 labour
                 ,
                 or
                 cost
                 in
                 this
                 kind
                 ,
                 can
                 be
                 idly
                 or
                 wastfully
                 bestowed
                 ,
                 or
                 thought
                 too
                 much
                 .
                 And
                 what
                 other
                 things
                 is
                 a
                 vineyard
                 ,
                 
                 in
                 those
                 countries
                 where
                 vines
                 doe
                 thriue
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 large
                 Orchard
                 of
                 trees
                 bearing
                 fruit
                 ?
                 Or
                 what
                 difference
                 is
                 there
                 in
                 the
                 iuice
                 of
                 the
                 Grape
                 ,
                 and
                 our
                 Cyder
                 &
                 Perry
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 goodnes
                 of
                 the
                 soile
                 &
                 clime
                 where
                 they
                 grow
                 ?
                 which
                 maketh
                 the
                 one
                 more
                 ripe
                 ,
                 &
                 so
                 more
                 pleasant
                 then
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 What
                 soeuer
                 can
                 be
                 said
                 for
                 the
                 benefit
                 rising
                 from
                 an
                 orchard
                 ,
                 that
                 makes
                 for
                 the
                 largenesse
                 of
                 the
                 Orchards
                 bounds
                 .
                 And
                 (
                 me
                 thinkes
                 )
                 they
                 do
                 preposterously
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 bestow
                 more
                 cost
                 and
                 labours
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 ground
                 in
                 and
                 vpon
                 a
                 garden
                 than
                 vpon
                 an
                 orchard
                 ,
                 whence
                 they
                 reape
                 and
                 may
                 reape
                 both
                 more
                 pleasure
                 and
                 more
                 profit
                 ,
                 by
                 infinite
                 degrees
                 .
                 And
                 further
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Garden
                 neuer
                 so
                 fresh
                 ,
                 and
                 faire
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 kept
                 ,
                 cannot
                 continue
                 without
                 both
                 renewing
                 of
                 the
                 earth●
                 and
                 the
                 hearbs
                 often
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 short
                 and
                 ordinary
                 age
                 of
                 a
                 man
                 :
                 whereas
                 your
                 Orchard
                 well
                 kept
                 shall
                 dure
                 diuers
                 hundred
                 yeares
                 ,
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 shewed
                 chap.
                 14.
                 
                 In
                 a
                 large
                 orchard
                 there
                 is
                 much
                 labour
                 saued
                 ,
                 in
                 fencing
                 ,
                 and
                 otherwise
                 :
                 for
                 three
                 little
                 orchards
                 ,
                 or
                 few
                 trees
                 ,
                 being
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 all
                 out-sides
                 ,
                 are
                 so
                 blasted
                 and
                 dangered
                 ,
                 and
                 commonly
                 in
                 keeping
                 neglected
                 ,
                 and
                 require
                 a
                 great
                 fence
                 ;
                 whereas
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 trees
                 are
                 a
                 mutuall
                 fence
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 keep●ng
                 is
                 regarded
                 ,
                 and
                 lesse
                 fencing
                 serues
                 sixe
                 acres
                 together
                 ,
                 than
                 three
                 in
                 seuerall
                 inclosures
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 what
                 quantity
                 of
                 ground
                 is
                 meetest
                 for
                 an
                 Orchard
                 can
                 no
                 man
                 prescribe
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 that
                 must
                 be
                 left
                 to
                 euery
                 mans
                 seuerall
                 iudgement
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 measured
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 ability
                 and
                 will
                 ,
                 for
                 other
                 necessaries
                 besides
                 fruite
                 must
                 be
                 had
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 are
                 more
                 delighted
                 with
                 orchard
                 then
                 others
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                 Let
                 no
                 man
                 hauing
                 a
                 fit
                 plot
                 plead
                 pouerty
                 in
                 this
                 case
                 ,
                 for
                 an
                 orchard
                 once
                 planted
                 will
                 maintaine
                 it selfe
                 ,
                 and
                 yeeld
                 infinite
                 profit
                 besides
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 am
                 perswaded
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 men
                 did
                 know
                 the
                 right
                 and
                 best
                 way
                 of
                 planting
                 ,
                 dressing
                 ,
                 and
                 keeping
                 trees
                 ,
                 and
                 felt
                 the
                 profit
                 and
                 pleasure
                 thereof
                 ,
                 both
                 they
                 that
                 haue
                 no
                 orchards
                 would
                 haue
                 them
                 ,
                 &
                 they
                 that
                 haue
                 orchards
                 ,
                 would
                 haue
                 them
                 larger
                 ,
                 yea
                 fruit-trees
                 in
                 their
                 hedges
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 Worcester-shire
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 
                 And
                 I
                 think
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 plunting
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 losse
                 to
                 our
                 common-wealth
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 particular
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 owners
                 of
                 Lord-ships
                 ,
                 which
                 Land
                 lords
                 themselues
                 might
                 easily
                 amend
                 ,
                 by
                 granting
                 longer
                 terme
                 ,
                 and
                 better
                 ●ssurance
                 to
                 their
                 tenants
                 ,
                 who
                 haue
                 taken
                 vp
                 this
                 Prouerbe
                 
                   Botch
                   and
                   sit
                   ,
                   Build
                   and
                   flit
                
                 :
                 ●or
                 who
                 will
                 build
                 or
                 plant
                 for
                 an
                 other
                 mans
                 profit
                 ?
                 Or
                 the
                 Parliament
                 mighte
                 ioyne
                 euery
                 occupier
                 of
                 grounds
                 to
                 plant
                 and
                 mainetaine
                 for
                 so
                 many
                 acres
                 of
                 fruitfull
                 ground
                 ,
                 so
                 many
                 seuerall
                 trees
                 or
                 kinds
                 of
                 trees
                 for
                 fruit
                 .
                 Thus
                 much
                 for
                 quantity
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 5.
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 forme
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 goodnesse
                 of
                 the
                 soile
                 ,
                 and
                 site
                 ,
                 are
                 necessary
                 to
                 the
                 wel
                 being
                 of
                 an
                 orchard
                 simply
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 fo●me
                 is
                 so
                 farre
                 necessary
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 owner
                 shall
                 thinke
                 meete
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 kind
                 of
                 forme
                 wherewith
                 euery
                 particular
                 man
                 is
                 delighted
                 ,
                 
                 we
                 leaue
                 it
                 to
                 himselfe
                 ,
                 
                   Suum
                   cuique
                   pulchrum
                
                 .
                 The
                 forme
                 that
                 men
                 like
                 in
                 generall
                 is
                 a
                 square
                 ,
                 for
                 although
                 roundnesse
                 be
                 
                   forma
                   perfectissima
                
                 ,
                 yet
                 that
                 principle
                 is
                 good
                 where
                 necessi●●
                 by
                 art
                 doth
                 not
                 force
                 some
                 other
                 forme
                 .
                 If
                 within
                 one
                 large
                 square
                 the
                 Gardner
                 shall
                 make
                 one
                 round
                 Laby●inth
                 or
                 Maze
                 with
                 some
                 kind
                 of
                 Berries
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 grace
                 your
                 forme
                 ,
                 so
                 there
                 be
                 
                   
                   
                     
                  
                   
                     
                  
                   
                     
                  
                   
                     
                  
                   
                     
                  
                   
                     
                  
                   
                     
                  
                   
                     
                  
                   
                     
                  
                   
                     
                  
                   
                     
                  
                   
                     
                  
                   
                     
                  
                   
                     
                  
                   
                     
                  
                
                 
                 sufficient
                 roomth
                 left
                 for
                 walkes
                 ,
                 so
                 will
                 foure
                 or
                 more
                 round
                 knots
                 do
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 noted
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 eye
                 must
                 be
                 pleased
                 with
                 the
                 forme
                 .
                 I
                 haue
                 seene
                 squares
                 rising
                 by
                 degrees
                 with
                 stayes
                 from
                 your
                 house-ward
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 this
                 forme
                 which
                 I
                 haue
                 ,
                 
                   Crassa
                   quod
                   aiunt
                   Minerua
                
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 vnsteady
                 hand
                 ,
                 ●ough
                 hewen
                 ,
                 for
                 in
                 forming
                 the
                 country
                 gardens
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 sort
                 may
                 vse
                 better
                 formes
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 costly
                 worke
                 .
                 What
                 is
                 needefull
                 more
                 to
                 be
                 sayd
                 ,
                 I
                 referre
                 that
                 all
                 (
                 concerning
                 the
                 Forme
                 ,
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 Chapter
                 17
                 of
                 the
                 ornaments
                 of
                 an
                 Orchard
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 6.
                 
                 Of
                 Fences
                 .
              
               
                 
                 ALL
                 your
                 labour
                 past
                 and
                 to
                 come
                 about
                 an
                 Orchard
                 is
                 lost
                 vnlesse
                 you
                 fence
                 well
                 .
                 It
                 shall
                 grieue
                 you
                 much
                 to
                 see
                 your
                 young
                 sets
                 rubd
                 loose
                 at
                 the
                 rootes
                 ,
                 the
                 barke
                 pild
                 ,
                 the
                 boughes
                 and
                 twigs
                 cropt
                 ,
                 your
                 fruite
                 stolne
                 ,
                 your
                 trees
                 broken
                 ,
                 and
                 your
                 many
                 yeares
                 labours
                 and
                 hopes
                 destroyed
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 fences
                 .
                 A
                 chiefe
                 care
                 must
                 be
                 had
                 in
                 this
                 point
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 therefore
                 plant
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 soile
                 ,
                 where
                 you
                 may
                 prouide
                 a
                 conuenient
                 ,
                 strong
                 and
                 seemely
                 fence
                 .
                 For
                 you
                 can
                 possesse
                 no
                 goods
                 ,
                 that
                 haue
                 so
                 many
                 enemies
                 as
                 an
                 orchard
                 ,
                 looke
                 Chapter
                 13.
                 
                 Fruits
                 are
                 so
                 delightsome
                 ,
                 and
                 desired
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 (
                 nay
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 of
                 all
                 )
                 and
                 yet
                 few
                 will
                 be
                 at
                 cost
                 and
                 take
                 paines
                 to
                 prouide
                 them
                 .
                 Fence
                 well
                 therefore
                 ,
                 let
                 your
                 plot
                 be
                 wholly
                 in
                 your
                 owne
                 power
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 make
                 all
                 your
                 fence
                 your selfe
                 :
                 for
                 neighbours
                 fencing
                 is
                 none
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 or
                 very
                 carelesse
                 .
                 Take
                 heed
                 of
                 a
                 doore
                 or
                 window
                 ,
                 (
                 yea
                 of
                 a
                 wall
                 )
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 mans
                 into
                 your
                 orchard
                 :
                 
                 yea
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 nayld
                 vp
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 wall
                 be
                 high
                 ,
                 for
                 
                 perhaps
                 they
                 will
                 proue
                 theeues
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 Fences
                 commonly
                 are
                 made
                 of
                 Earth
                 ,
                 
                 Stone
                 ,
                 Bricke
                 ,
                 Wood
                 ,
                 or
                 both
                 earth
                 and
                 wood
                 .
                 Dry
                 wall
                 of
                 earth
                 ,
                 and
                 dry
                 Ditches
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 worst
                 fences
                 saue
                 pales
                 or
                 railes
                 ,
                 and
                 doe
                 waste
                 the
                 soonest
                 ,
                 vnlesse
                 they
                 be
                 well
                 copt
                 with
                 glooe
                 and
                 morter
                 ,
                 whereon
                 at
                 Mighill-tide
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 good
                 to
                 sow
                 Wall-flowers
                 ,
                 commonly
                 called
                 Bee-flowers
                 ,
                 or
                 winter
                 Gilly-flowers
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 will
                 grow
                 (
                 though
                 amongst
                 stones
                 )
                 and
                 abide
                 the
                 strongest
                 frost
                 and
                 drought
                 ,
                 continually
                 greene
                 and
                 flowring
                 euen
                 in
                 Winter
                 ,
                 and
                 haue
                 a
                 pleasant
                 smell
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 timely
                 ,
                 (
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 floure
                 the
                 first
                 and
                 last
                 of
                 flowers
                 )
                 and
                 are
                 good
                 for
                 Bees
                 .
                 And
                 your
                 earthen
                 wall
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 Bees
                 dry
                 and
                 warme
                 .
                 But
                 these
                 fences
                 are
                 both
                 vnseemly
                 ,
                 euill
                 to
                 repaire
                 ,
                 and
                 onely
                 for
                 need
                 ,
                 where
                 stone
                 or
                 wood
                 cannot
                 be
                 had
                 .
                 Whosoeuer
                 makes
                 such
                 Walles
                 ,
                 must
                 not
                 pill
                 the
                 ground
                 in
                 the
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 for
                 getting
                 earth
                 ,
                 nor
                 make
                 any
                 pits
                 or
                 hallowes
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 both
                 vnseemly
                 and
                 vnprofitable
                 .
                 Old
                 dry
                 earth
                 mixt
                 with
                 sand
                 is
                 best
                 for
                 these
                 .
                 This
                 kind
                 of
                 wall
                 will
                 soone
                 decay
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 trees
                 which
                 grow
                 neere
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 roots
                 and
                 boales
                 of
                 great
                 trees
                 ,
                 will
                 increase
                 ,
                 vndermine
                 ,
                 and
                 ouerturne
                 such
                 walles
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 of
                 stone
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 apparant
                 by
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 Rountrees
                 ,
                 Burt-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 carried
                 in
                 the
                 chat
                 ,
                 or
                 berry
                 ,
                 by
                 birds
                 into
                 stone-walles
                 .
              
               
                 Fences
                 of
                 dead-wood
                 ,
                 as
                 pales
                 ,
                 
                 will
                 not
                 last
                 ,
                 neither
                 will
                 railes
                 either
                 last
                 or
                 make
                 good
                 fence
              
               
                 Stone
                 walles
                 (
                 where
                 stone
                 may
                 be
                 had
                 )
                 are
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 this
                 sort
                 ,
                 
                 both
                 for
                 fencing
                 ,
                 lasting
                 ,
                 and
                 shrouding
                 of
                 your
                 young
                 trees
                 .
                 But
                 about
                 this
                 must
                 you
                 bestow
                 much
                 paines
                 and
                 more
                 cost
                 ,
                 to
                 haue
                 them
                 handsome
                 ,
                 high
                 and
                 durable
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 (
                 in
                 mine
                 owne
                 opinion
                 )
                 Quickwood
                 ,
                 and
                 Moats
                 or
                 Ditches
                 of
                 water
                 ,
                 
                 where
                 the
                 ground
                 is
                 leuell
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 fence
                 .
                 In
                 vnequall
                 grounds
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 not
                 keepe
                 water
                 ,
                 there
                 a
                 double
                 ditch
                 may
                 be
                 cast
                 ,
                 made
                 streight
                 and
                 leuel
                 on
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 two
                 yards
                 broad
                 for
                 a
                 faire
                 walke
                 ,
                 fiue
                 or
                 sixe
                 foot
                 higher
                 then
                 the
                 soyle
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 gutter
                 on
                 either
                 side
                 ,
                 two
                 yards
                 wide
                 ,
                 and
                 foure
                 foot
                 deepe
                 set
                 with
                 out
                 ,
                 with
                 three
                 or
                 foure
                 chesse
                 of
                 Thorns
                 ,
                 and
                 within
                 with
                 Cherry
                 ,
                 Plumme
                 ,
                 Damson
                 ,
                 Bullys
                 ,
                 Filbirds
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 I
                 loue
                 these
                 trees
                 better
                 for
                 their
                 fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 their
                 forme
                 ,
                 as
                 priuit
                 )
                 for
                 you
                 may
                 make
                 them
                 take
                 any
                 forme
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 euery
                 corner
                 (
                 and
                 middle
                 if
                 you
                 will
                 )
                 a
                 mount
                 would
                 be
                 raised
                 ,
                 whereabout
                 the
                 wood
                 may
                 claspe
                 ,
                 powdered
                 with
                 wood-binde
                 :
                 which
                 wil
                 make
                 with
                 dressing
                 a
                 faire
                 ,
                 plesant
                 ,
                 profitable
                 ,
                 &
                 sure
                 fence
                 .
                 But
                 you
                 must
                 be
                 sure
                 that
                 your
                 quicke
                 thornes
                 either
                 grow
                 wholly
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 there
                 be
                 a
                 supply
                 betime
                 ,
                 either
                 with
                 planting
                 new
                 ,
                 or
                 plashing
                 the
                 old
                 where
                 need
                 is
                 .
                 And
                 assure
                 your selfe
                 ,
                 that
                 neither
                 wood
                 ,
                 stone
                 ,
                 earth
                 ,
                 nor
                 water
                 ,
                 can
                 make
                 so
                 strong
                 a
                 fence
                 ,
                 as
                 this
                 after
                 seuen
                 yeares
                 growth
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Moates
                 ,
                 Fish-ponds
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 especially
                 at
                 one
                 side
                 a
                 Riuer
                 )
                 within
                 and
                 without
                 your
                 fence
                 ,
                 will
                 afford
                 you
                 fish
                 ,
                 fence
                 ,
                 and
                 moysture
                 to
                 your
                 trees
                 ,
                 and
                 pleasure
                 also
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 so
                 great
                 and
                 deepe
                 that
                 you
                 may
                 haue
                 Swans
                 ,
                 &
                 other
                 water
                 birds
                 ,
                 good
                 for
                 deuouring
                 of
                 vermine
                 ,
                 and
                 boat
                 for
                 many
                 good
                 vses
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 shall
                 hardly
                 auaile
                 you
                 to
                 make
                 any
                 fence
                 for
                 your
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 be
                 a
                 niggard
                 of
                 your
                 fruit
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 liberality
                 will
                 saue
                 it
                 best
                 from
                 noysome
                 neighbours
                 ,
                 liberality
                 I
                 say
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 fence
                 ,
                 so
                 Iustice
                 must
                 restraine
                 rioters
                 .
                 Thus
                 when
                 your
                 ground
                 is
                 tempered
                 ,
                 squared
                 ,
                 and
                 fenced
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 time
                 to
                 prouide
                 for
                 planting
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 7.
                 
                 Of
                 Sets
                 .
              
               
                 THere
                 is
                 not
                 one
                 point
                 (
                 in
                 my
                 opinion
                 )
                 about
                 an
                 Orchard
                 more
                 to
                 be
                 regarded
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 choyce
                 getting
                 and
                 setting
                 of
                 good
                 plants
                 ,
                 either
                 for
                 readinesse
                 or
                 hauing
                 good
                 fruite
                 ,
                 or
                 for
                 continuall
                 lasting
                 .
                 For
                 whosoeuer
                 shall
                 faile
                 in
                 the
                 choyce
                 of
                 good
                 Sets
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 getting
                 ,
                 or
                 gathering
                 ,
                 or
                 setting
                 his
                 plants
                 ,
                 shall
                 neuer
                 haue
                 a
                 good
                 or
                 l●sti●g
                 Orchard
                 .
                 An●●●ake
                 want
                 of
                 skill
                 in
                 this
                 faculty
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 chiefe
                 hinder●nce
                 to
                 the
                 most
                 Orchards
                 ,
                 and
                 ●o
                 many
                 for
                 hauing
                 of
                 Orchards
                 at
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 for
                 readinesse
                 vse
                 slips
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 seldome
                 take
                 roote
                 :
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 doe
                 take
                 ,
                 they
                 cannot
                 last
                 ,
                 bo●h
                 because
                 their
                 roote
                 hauing
                 a
                 maine
                 wound
                 will
                 in
                 short
                 time
                 decay
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 :
                 and
                 besides
                 that
                 rootes
                 being
                 so
                 weakely
                 put
                 ,
                 are
                 soone
                 nipt
                 with
                 drought
                 or
                 frost
                 .
                 I
                 could
                 neuer
                 see
                 (
                 lightly
                 )
                 any
                 slip
                 but
                 of
                 apples
                 onely
                 set
                 for
                 trees
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Bur-knot
                 kindly
                 taken
                 from
                 an
                 Apple
                 tree
                 ,
                 
                 is
                 much
                 better
                 and
                 surer
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 cu●
                 him
                 c●ose
                 at
                 the
                 roote
                 ende
                 ,
                 an
                 handfull
                 vnder
                 the
                 knot
                 .
                 (
                 Some
                 vse
                 in
                 Summer
                 about
                 Lammas
                 to
                 ci●cumc●se
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 ea●th
                 to
                 the
                 knots
                 with
                 hay
                 roaps
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 winte●
                 cu●
                 him
                 off
                 and
                 set
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 is
                 curiosity
                 ,
                 re●dlesse
                 ,
                 and
                 danger
                 with
                 remouing
                 ,
                 and
                 drought
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 cut
                 away
                 all
                 his
                 twigs
                 saue
                 one
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 principall
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 setting
                 you
                 must
                 leaue
                 aboue
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 burying
                 his
                 ●●unk
                 in
                 the
                 ●●●st
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 for
                 his
                 root
                 .
                 I●
                 matters
                 not
                 much
                 what
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 bough
                 the
                 twig
                 growes
                 out
                 of
                 .
                 If
                 it
                 grow
                 out
                 of
                 
                 or
                 ●eere
                 the
                 roote
                 end
                 ,
                 some
                 s●y
                 such
                 an
                 Apple
                 will
                 haue
                 no
                 c●are
                 nor
                 kirnell
                 .
                 Or
                 if
                 ●t
                 ●p●e●se
                 the
                 Plantor
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 let
                 h●s
                 bough
                 be
                 crooked
                 ,
                 and
                 leaue
                 out
                 his
                 top
                 end
                 ,
                 one
                 foote
                 or
                 somewhat
                 more
                 ,
                 wherein
                 will
                 be
                 good
                 grafting●
                 if
                 either
                 you
                 like
                 not
                 ,
                 or
                 doubt
                 the
                 fruite
                 of
                 the
                 bou●h
                 o●
                 commonly
                 your
                 bur-knots
                 are
                 summer
                 fruit
                 )
                 or
                 ●fy●●●hinke
                 he
                 will
                 not
                 couer
                 his
                 wound
                 safely
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 most
                 vsual
                 kind
                 of
                 sets
                 ,
                 is
                 plants
                 with
                 rootes
                 growing
                 of
                 kirnel
                 ,
                 
                 of
                 Apples
                 ,
                 Peares
                 ,
                 and
                 Crabbes
                 ,
                 or
                 stones
                 of
                 Cherries
                 ,
                 P●ummes
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Remoued
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Nursery
                 ,
                 Wood
                 or
                 other
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 into
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 in
                 your
                 Orchard
                 in
                 their
                 due
                 places
                 I
                 g●ant
                 this
                 kind
                 to
                 be
                 better
                 than
                 either
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 by
                 much
                 ,
                 as
                 more
                 sure
                 and
                 more
                 durable
                 H●rein
                 you
                 must
                 no●e
                 that
                 in
                 sets
                 so
                 remoued
                 ,
                 you
                 get
                 all
                 the
                 roots
                 you
                 can
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 brusing
                 of
                 any
                 ;
                 
                 I
                 vtterly
                 disl●ke
                 the
                 opinion
                 of
                 those
                 great
                 Gardners
                 ,
                 that
                 following
                 their
                 Bookes
                 would
                 haue
                 the
                 maine
                 rootes
                 cut
                 away
                 ,
                 for
                 tops
                 cannot
                 growe
                 without
                 rootes
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 none
                 can
                 get
                 all
                 the
                 rootes
                 ,
                 and
                 remouall
                 is
                 an
                 hinderance
                 ,
                 
                 you
                 may
                 not
                 leaue
                 on
                 al●
                 tops
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 set
                 them
                 :
                 For
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 proportion
                 betwixt
                 the
                 top
                 and
                 root
                 of
                 a
                 tree
                 ,
                 euen
                 in
                 the
                 number
                 (
                 at
                 least
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 growth
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 roots
                 be
                 many
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 bring
                 you
                 many
                 tops
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 hindred
                 And
                 if
                 you
                 vse
                 to
                 stow
                 or
                 top
                 you
                 tree
                 too
                 much
                 or
                 too
                 low
                 ,
                 and
                 leaue
                 no
                 issue
                 ,
                 or
                 little
                 for
                 sap
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seene
                 in
                 you●
                 hedges
                 )
                 it
                 will
                 hinde●
                 the
                 growth
                 of
                 rootes
                 and
                 b●ale
                 ,
                 because
                 such
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 stowing
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 smothering
                 ,
                 or
                 choaking
                 the
                 sap
                 .
                 Great
                 wood
                 ,
                 as
                 Oke
                 ,
                 E●me
                 ,
                 Ash
                 ,
                 &c.
                 being
                 continually
                 kept
                 downe
                 with
                 sheeres
                 ,
                 knife
                 ,
                 axe
                 .
                 &c.
                 neither
                 boale
                 nor
                 roote
                 will
                 th●iue
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 an
                 hedge
                 or
                 bush
                 .
                 If
                 you
                 intend
                 to
                 gr●ff●
                 in
                 your
                 Set
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 cut
                 him
                 closer
                 with
                 a
                 greater
                 wound
                 ,
                 and
                 ne●rer
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 within
                 a
                 
                 foote
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 graft
                 or
                 grafts
                 will
                 couer
                 his
                 wound
                 .
                 If
                 you
                 like
                 his
                 fruite
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 haue
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 tree
                 of
                 himselfe
                 ,
                 be
                 not
                 so
                 b●ld
                 :
                 th●s
                 I
                 can
                 tell
                 you
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 you
                 do
                 cut
                 his
                 top
                 close
                 ,
                 and
                 leaue
                 nothing
                 but
                 his
                 bulke
                 ,
                 because
                 his
                 ●ootes
                 are
                 ●ew
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 (
                 but
                 little
                 )
                 bigger
                 than
                 your
                 thumbe
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 wish
                 all
                 plants
                 remoued
                 to
                 be
                 )
                 he
                 will
                 safely
                 recouer
                 wound
                 within
                 seuen
                 yeares
                 ;
                 by
                 good
                 guidance
                 that
                 is●
                 I●
                 the
                 next
                 time
                 of
                 dressing
                 immediatly
                 aboue
                 his
                 vppermost
                 ●p●ig
                 ,
                 you
                 cut
                 him
                 off
                 ●sl●pe
                 cleanely
                 ,
                 ●o
                 that
                 the
                 sprigge
                 sta●d
                 on
                 the
                 backe
                 side
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 if
                 you
                 can
                 Northward
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 wound
                 may
                 ha●e
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 Sunne
                 )
                 at
                 the
                 vpper
                 ende
                 of
                 the
                 wound
                 :
                 and
                 let
                 that
                 sprigge
                 onely
                 be
                 the
                 boale
                 .
                 And
                 take
                 this
                 for
                 a
                 generall
                 rule
                 ;
                 
                 Euery
                 young
                 plant
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 thriue
                 ,
                 will
                 recouer
                 any
                 wound
                 aboue
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 by
                 good
                 dressing
                 ,
                 although
                 it
                 be
                 to
                 the
                 one
                 halfe
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 his
                 very
                 heart
                 .
                 This
                 short
                 cutting
                 at
                 the
                 remoue
                 ,
                 saues
                 your
                 plants
                 from
                 Wind
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 neede
                 the
                 les●e
                 or
                 no
                 st●king
                 .
                 I
                 commend
                 not
                 Lying
                 or
                 Leaning
                 of
                 trees
                 against
                 holds
                 or
                 st●yr●s
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 breedes
                 obstruction
                 of
                 ●ap
                 and
                 wounds
                 incureable
                 .
                 
                 All
                 remouing
                 of
                 trees
                 as
                 great
                 as
                 you●
                 arme
                 ,
                 or
                 aboue
                 ,
                 is
                 dangerous
                 :
                 though
                 sometime
                 some
                 such
                 will
                 grow
                 but
                 not
                 continue
                 long
                 :
                 Because
                 they
                 be
                 tainted
                 with
                 deadly
                 wounds
                 ,
                 e●ther
                 in
                 the
                 roote
                 or
                 top
                 .
                 (
                 And
                 a
                 tree
                 once
                 throughly
                 tainted
                 is
                 neuer
                 good
                 )
                 And
                 though
                 they
                 ge●
                 some
                 hold
                 in
                 the
                 earth
                 with
                 some
                 lesser
                 taw
                 ,
                 or
                 tawes
                 ,
                 which
                 giue
                 some
                 nourishment
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 :
                 yet
                 the
                 heart
                 being
                 tain●ed
                 ,
                 
                 he
                 will
                 hardly
                 euer
                 ●hri●e
                 ;
                 which
                 you
                 may
                 easily
                 discerne
                 by
                 the
                 blackenesse
                 of
                 the
                 boughes
                 at
                 the
                 heart
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 dresse
                 your
                 trees
                 .
                 Also
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 is
                 set
                 with
                 moe
                 tops
                 than
                 the
                 rootes
                 can
                 nourish
                 ,
                 the
                 tops
                 decaying
                 ,
                 blacken
                 the
                 boughes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 boughs
                 the
                 armes
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 so
                 they
                 bo●le
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 heart
                 .
                 Or
                 th●s
                 ta●n●
                 in
                 the
                 remouall
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 ki●l
                 not
                 presently
                 ,
                 but
                 after
                 some
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 discerned
                 by
                 blacknesse
                 or
                 ye●lownesse
                 in
                 the
                 barke
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 small
                 hungred
                 leafe
                 .
                 Or
                 if
                 your
                 remoued
                 plant
                 put
                 forth
                 leaues
                 the
                 next
                 and
                 second
                 summer
                 ,
                 and
                 little
                 or
                 few
                 spraies
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 signe
                 of
                 a
                 taint
                 ,
                 and
                 next
                 yeares
                 d●ath
                 .
                 I
                 haue
                 knowne
                 a
                 tree
                 tainted
                 in
                 setting
                 ,
                 yet
                 grow
                 ,
                 &
                 beare
                 blossomes
                 for
                 diuers
                 yeares
                 :
                 and
                 yet
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 strength
                 could
                 neuer
                 shape
                 his
                 fruit
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 vnto
                 this
                 or
                 rather
                 equall
                 with
                 these
                 plants
                 ,
                 are
                 suckers
                 growing
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 roots
                 of
                 great
                 trees
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 cherries
                 and
                 plums
                 do
                 seldome
                 or
                 neuer
                 want
                 :
                 and
                 being
                 taken
                 kindly
                 with
                 their
                 roots
                 ,
                 will
                 make
                 very
                 good
                 sets
                 .
                 And
                 you
                 may
                 helpe
                 them
                 much
                 by
                 enlarging
                 their
                 rootes
                 wi●h
                 the
                 taws
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 ,
                 wh●nce
                 you
                 take
                 them
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 of
                 two
                 sorts
                 :
                 Either
                 growing
                 from
                 the
                 very
                 root
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 :
                 and
                 here
                 you
                 must
                 be
                 carefull
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 hurt
                 your
                 tree
                 when
                 you
                 gather
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 ripping
                 amongst
                 the
                 rootes
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 you
                 take
                 them
                 cleane
                 away
                 :
                 for
                 these
                 are
                 a
                 great
                 and
                 continuall
                 annoyance
                 to
                 the
                 growth
                 of
                 your
                 tree
                 :
                 and
                 they
                 will
                 hardly
                 be
                 cleansed
                 .
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 or
                 they
                 do
                 ar●e
                 f●om
                 some
                 taw
                 :
                 and
                 these
                 may
                 be
                 taken
                 without
                 danger
                 ,
                 with
                 long
                 and
                 good
                 rootes
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 soone
                 become
                 trees
                 of
                 strength
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 another
                 way
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 haue
                 not
                 throughly
                 proued
                 ,
                 
                 to
                 get
                 not
                 onely
                 plants
                 for
                 gr●ffing
                 ,
                 but
                 sets
                 to
                 remaine
                 for
                 trees
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 call
                 a
                 
                   Running
                   Plant
                
                 :
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 this
                 :
                 Take
                 a
                 roote
                 or
                 kirnell
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 your
                 plot
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 second
                 yeare
                 in
                 the
                 spring
                 ,
                 g●●d
                 his
                 top
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 haue
                 one
                 principall
                 (
                 as
                 commonly
                 by
                 nature
                 they
                 haue
                 )
                 and
                 let
                 him
                 put
                 forth
                 onely
                 foure
                 Cyo●s
                 toward
                 the
                 foure
                 corners
                 of
                 the
                 orchard
                 ,
                 as
                 neere
                 the
                 earth
                 as
                 you
                 can
                 .
                 If
                 he
                 put
                 not
                 foure
                 ,
                 
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 rare
                 )
                 stay
                 his
                 top
                 till
                 he
                 haue
                 put
                 so
                 many
                 .
                 When
                 you
                 haue
                 such
                 foure
                 ,
                 cut
                 the
                 stocke
                 aslope
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 aforesayd
                 in
                 this
                 chapter
                 ,
                 hard
                 aboue
                 the
                 vttermost
                 sprig
                 ,
                 &
                 keepe
                 those
                 foure
                 without
                 Cyons
                 cleane
                 and
                 straight
                 ,
                 till
                 you
                 haue
                 them
                 a
                 yard
                 and
                 a
                 halfe
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 or
                 two
                 yards
                 long
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 next
                 spring
                 in
                 graffing
                 time
                 ,
                 lay
                 downe
                 those
                 foure
                 sprayes
                 ,
                 towards
                 the
                 foure
                 corners
                 of
                 your
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 tops
                 in
                 an
                 heape
                 of
                 pure
                 and
                 good
                 earth
                 ,
                 and
                 raised
                 as
                 high
                 as
                 the
                 roote
                 of
                 your
                 Cyon
                 (
                 for
                 sap
                 will
                 not
                 descend
                 )
                 and
                 a
                 sod
                 to
                 keepe
                 them
                 downe
                 ,
                 leauing
                 nine
                 or
                 twelue
                 inches
                 of
                 the
                 top
                 to
                 looke
                 vpward
                 .
                 In
                 that
                 hill
                 he
                 will
                 put
                 rootes
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 top
                 new
                 Cyons
                 ,
                 which
                 you
                 must
                 spread
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 from
                 hill
                 to
                 hill
                 till
                 he
                 spread
                 the
                 compasse
                 of
                 your
                 ground
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 farre
                 as
                 you
                 list
                 .
                 If
                 in
                 bending
                 ,
                 the
                 Cyons
                 cracke
                 ,
                 the
                 matter
                 is
                 small
                 ,
                 cleanse
                 the
                 ground
                 and
                 he
                 will
                 recouer
                 .
                 Euery
                 bended
                 bough
                 will
                 put
                 forth
                 branches
                 ,
                 and
                 become
                 trees
                 .
                 If
                 this
                 plant
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 burie
                 knot
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 doubt
                 .
                 I
                 haue
                 proued
                 it
                 in
                 on●
                 branch
                 my selfe
                 :
                 and
                 I
                 know
                 at
                 Wilton
                 in
                 Cleeue-land
                 a
                 Peare-tree
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 bulke
                 and
                 age
                 ,
                 blowne
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 hath
                 put
                 at
                 euery
                 knot
                 rootes
                 into
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 roote
                 to
                 top
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 mighty
                 armes
                 or
                 trees
                 ,
                 fi●ling
                 a
                 great
                 roomth
                 ,
                 like
                 many
                 trees
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 little
                 Orchard
                 .
                 Much
                 better
                 may
                 it
                 be
                 done
                 by
                 Art
                 in
                 a
                 lesse
                 tree●
                 And
                 I
                 could
                 not
                 mis●ke
                 this
                 kind
                 ,
                 saue
                 that
                 the
                 time
                 will
                 be
                 long
                 before
                 it
                 come
                 to
                 perfection
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 vse
                 to
                 buy
                 sets
                 already
                 grafted
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 best
                 way
                 :
                 for
                 first
                 ,
                 All
                 remoues
                 are
                 dangerous
                 :
                 Againe
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 danger
                 in
                 the
                 carriage
                 :
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 costly
                 course
                 of
                 planting
                 :
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 euery
                 Gardne●
                 is
                 not
                 trusty
                 to
                 sell
                 you
                 good
                 fruite
                 :
                 Fiftly
                 ,
                 you
                 know
                 not
                 which
                 is
                 best
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 worst
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 may
                 take
                 most
                 care
                 about
                 
                 your
                 worst
                 trees
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 this
                 way
                 keepes
                 you
                 from
                 practise
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 from
                 experience●
                 in
                 so
                 good
                 ,
                 Gentlemanly
                 ,
                 Scholerlike
                 ,
                 and
                 profitable
                 a
                 faculty
                 .
              
               
                 
                 The
                 onely
                 best
                 way
                 (
                 in
                 my
                 opinion
                 )
                 to
                 haue
                 sure
                 and
                 lasting
                 sets
                 ,
                 is
                 neuer
                 to
                 remoue
                 :
                 for
                 euery
                 remoue
                 is
                 an
                 hinderance
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 a
                 dangerous
                 hurt
                 or
                 deadly
                 taint
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 way
                 .
                 The
                 plot-forme
                 being
                 layd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 plot
                 appointed
                 where
                 you
                 will
                 plant
                 euery
                 set
                 in
                 your
                 orchard
                 ,
                 
                 digge
                 the
                 roomth
                 ,
                 where
                 you●
                 sets
                 shall
                 stand
                 ,
                 a
                 yard
                 compasse
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 the
                 earth
                 mellow
                 and
                 cleane
                 ,
                 and
                 mingle
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 few
                 coale-ashes
                 ,
                 to
                 auoide
                 wormes
                 :
                 and
                 immediately
                 after
                 the
                 first
                 change
                 of
                 the
                 Moone
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 latter
                 end
                 of
                 February
                 ,
                 the
                 earth
                 being
                 a
                 fresh
                 turn'd
                 ouer
                 ,
                 put
                 in
                 euery
                 such
                 roomth
                 three
                 or
                 foure
                 kirnels
                 of
                 App●es
                 or
                 Peares
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 :
                 euery
                 kirnell
                 in
                 an
                 hole
                 made
                 with
                 your
                 finger
                 ,
                 finger
                 deepe
                 ,
                 a
                 foote
                 distant
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 day
                 moneth
                 following
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 moe
                 ,
                 (
                 lest
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 misse
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 compasse
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 holes
                 .
                 Hence
                 (
                 God
                 willing
                 )
                 shall
                 you
                 haue
                 rootes
                 enough
                 .
                 If
                 they
                 all
                 ,
                 or
                 diuers
                 of
                 them
                 come
                 vp
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 draw
                 (
                 but
                 not
                 digge
                 )
                 vp
                 (
                 nor
                 put
                 downe
                 )
                 at
                 your
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 the
                 next
                 Nouember
                 .
                 How
                 many
                 soeuer
                 you
                 take
                 away
                 ,
                 to
                 giue
                 or
                 bestow
                 elsewhere
                 ,
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 leaue
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 proudest
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 in
                 your
                 2.
                 and
                 3.
                 yeare
                 you
                 Graffe
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 graffe
                 then
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 leaue
                 the
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 two
                 vngraffed
                 ,
                 lest
                 in
                 graffing
                 the
                 other
                 you
                 faile
                 :
                 For
                 I
                 find
                 by
                 tryall
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 first
                 or
                 second
                 graffing
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 stocke
                 ,
                 being
                 mist
                 (
                 for
                 who
                 hits
                 all
                 )
                 the
                 third
                 misse
                 puts
                 your
                 stocke
                 in
                 deadly
                 danger
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 issu●
                 of
                 sap
                 .
                 Yea
                 ,
                 though
                 you
                 hit
                 in
                 graffing
                 ,
                 yet
                 may
                 your
                 graffes
                 with
                 winde
                 or
                 otherwise
                 be
                 broken
                 downe
                 .
                 If
                 your
                 graffes
                 or
                 graffe
                 prosper
                 ,
                 you
                 haue
                 your
                 desire
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 plant
                 vnremoued
                 ,
                 
                 without
                 taint
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fruite
                 at
                 your
                 owne
                 choyce
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 you
                 may
                 (
                 some
                 little
                 earth
                 being
                 remooued
                 )
                 pull
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 digge
                 vp
                 the
                 other
                 Plant
                 or
                 Plants
                 in
                 that
                 roomth
                 .
                 If
                 your
                 g●●ffe
                 or
                 stocke
                 ,
                 or
                 both
                 perish
                 ,
                 you
                 haue
                 another
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 ,
                 of
                 better
                 strength
                 to
                 worke
                 vpon
                 .
                 For
                 thriuing
                 without
                 snub
                 he
                 will
                 ouer-lay
                 your
                 grafted
                 stocke
                 much
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 hardly
                 possible
                 to
                 misse
                 in
                 grafting
                 so
                 often
                 ,
                 if
                 your
                 Gardiner
                 be
                 worth
                 his
                 name
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 shall
                 not
                 be
                 amisse
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 iudge
                 it
                 )
                 if
                 your
                 Kirnels
                 be
                 of
                 choyce
                 fru●te
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 that
                 you
                 see
                 them
                 come
                 forward
                 proudly
                 in
                 their
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 beare
                 a
                 faire
                 and
                 broad
                 leafe
                 in
                 colour
                 ,
                 tending
                 to
                 a
                 greenish
                 yellow
                 (
                 which
                 argue●
                 pleasant
                 and
                 great
                 fruit
                 )
                 to
                 try
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 vngraffed
                 :
                 for
                 although
                 it
                 be
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ere
                 this
                 come
                 to
                 beare
                 fruit
                 ,
                 ten
                 or
                 twelue
                 yeares
                 ,
                 or
                 moe
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 their
                 first
                 bea●ing
                 ,
                 the
                 fruit
                 will
                 not
                 seeme
                 to
                 be
                 like
                 his
                 owne
                 kind
                 :
                 yet
                 am
                 I
                 assured
                 ,
                 vpon
                 tryall
                 ,
                 before
                 twenty
                 yeares
                 growth
                 ,
                 such
                 trees
                 will
                 increase
                 the
                 bignesse
                 and
                 goodnesse
                 of
                 their
                 fruite
                 ,
                 and
                 come
                 perfectly
                 to
                 their
                 owne
                 kind
                 .
                 Trees
                 (
                 like
                 other
                 breeding
                 creatures
                 )
                 as
                 they
                 grow
                 in
                 yeares●
                 bignes
                 and
                 strength
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 mend
                 their
                 fruit
                 .
                 Husbands
                 and
                 Houswiues
                 find
                 this
                 true
                 by
                 experience
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 rearing
                 of
                 their
                 yong
                 store
                 .
                 More
                 then
                 this
                 ,
                 th●e
                 is
                 no
                 tree
                 like
                 this
                 for
                 soundnes
                 and
                 dureable
                 last
                 ,
                 if
                 his
                 keeping
                 and
                 dressing
                 be
                 answerable
                 .
                 I
                 grant
                 ,
                 the
                 readiest
                 way
                 to
                 come
                 soone
                 to
                 fruit
                 is
                 graffing
                 :
                 because
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 all
                 your
                 graffes
                 are
                 taken
                 of
                 fruit
                 bea●●ng
                 trees
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 when
                 you
                 haue
                 made
                 choise
                 of
                 your
                 sets
                 to
                 remoue
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 ground
                 being
                 ready
                 ,
                 the
                 best
                 time
                 is
                 ,
                 immediatly
                 after
                 the
                 fall
                 of
                 the
                 leafe
                 ,
                 in
                 ,
                 or
                 about
                 the
                 change
                 of
                 the
                 Moone
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 sap
                 is
                 most
                 quiet
                 :
                 for
                 then
                 the
                 sap
                 is
                 in
                 turning
                 :
                 for
                 it
                 makes
                 no
                 stay
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 extremity
                 
                 of
                 drought
                 or
                 cold
                 .
                 At
                 any
                 time
                 in
                 winter
                 ,
                 
                 may
                 you
                 transplant
                 trees
                 so
                 you
                 put
                 no
                 ice
                 nor
                 snow
                 to
                 the
                 root
                 of
                 your
                 plant
                 in
                 the
                 setting
                 :
                 and
                 therefore
                 open
                 ,
                 calme
                 and
                 moist
                 wea
                 her
                 is
                 best
                 .
                 To
                 remoue
                 ,
                 the
                 leafe
                 being
                 ready
                 to
                 fall
                 and
                 not
                 fallen
                 ,
                 or
                 buds
                 apparan●ly
                 put
                 forth
                 in
                 a
                 moist
                 warme
                 season
                 ,
                 for
                 need
                 ,
                 sometime
                 may
                 do
                 well
                 :
                 but
                 the
                 safest
                 is
                 ●o
                 walke
                 in
                 the
                 plaine
                 trod●e●
                 path
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 hold
                 opinion
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 best
                 remouing
                 before
                 the
                 fall
                 of
                 the
                 leafe
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 heare
                 it
                 commonly
                 practised
                 in
                 the
                 South
                 by
                 our
                 best
                 a●borists
                 ,
                 the
                 leafe
                 not
                 fallen
                 :
                 and
                 they
                 giue
                 the
                 reason
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 descending
                 of
                 the
                 sap
                 will
                 make
                 speedy
                 rootes
                 .
                 But
                 marke
                 the
                 reasons
                 following
                 and
                 I
                 thinke
                 you
                 shall
                 find
                 no
                 soundnesse
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 that
                 position
                 or
                 practise
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 in
                 the
                 reason
                 .
              
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   dangerous
                   to
                   remoue
                   when
                   the
                   sap
                   is
                   not
                   quiet
                   ,
                   for
                   euery
                   remoue
                   giues
                   a
                   maine
                   checke
                   to
                   the
                   stirring
                   sap
                   ,
                   by
                   staying
                   the
                   course
                   therof
                   in
                   ●he
                   body
                   of
                   your
                   plant
                   ,
                   as
                   may
                   appeare
                   in
                   trees
                   remoued
                   any
                   time
                   in
                   summer
                   ,
                   they
                   commonly
                   dye
                   ,
                   nay
                   hardly
                   shall
                   you
                   saue
                   the
                   life
                   of
                   the
                   most
                   young
                   and
                   tender
                   plant
                   of
                   any
                   kinde
                   of
                   wood
                   (
                   scarcely
                   herbes
                   )
                   if
                   you
                   remoue
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   pride
                   of
                   sap
                   .
                   For
                   proud
                   sap
                   vniuersally
                   staied
                   by
                   remoual
                   ,
                   euer
                   hinders
                   ;
                   often
                   taints
                   and
                   so
                   presently
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   very
                   short
                   time
                   ki●s
                   .
                   Sap
                   is
                   like
                   bloud
                   in
                   mans
                   body
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   life
                   ,
                   Cap.
                   3.
                   p.
                   9
                   If
                   the
                   blood
                   vniuersally
                   be
                   cold
                   ,
                   life
                   is
                   excluded
                   ;
                   so
                   is
                   sap
                   tainted
                   by
                   vntimely
                   remouall
                   .
                   A
                   stay
                   by
                   drought
                   ,
                   or
                   cold
                   ,
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   dangerous
                   (
                   though
                   dangerous
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   ex●reme
                   )
                   because
                   more
                   naturall
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   The
                   sap
                   neuer
                   descends
                   ,
                   as
                   men
                   suppose
                   ,
                   but
                   is
                   consollidated
                   &
                   transubstantiated
                   into
                   the
                   substance
                   of
                   the
                   tree
                   ,
                   and
                   passeth
                   (
                   alwayes
                   aboue
                   the
                   earth
                   )
                   vpward
                   ,
                   not
                   onely
                   betwixt
                   the
                   barke
                   and
                   the
                   wood
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   into
                   and
                   in
                   both
                   body
                   &
                   barke
                   ,
                   though
                   not
                   so
                   plentifully
                   ,
                   as
                   may
                   
                   appeare
                   by
                   a
                   tree
                   budding
                   ,
                   nay
                   ●●uctifying
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   ye●es
                   ,
                   after
                   he
                   be
                   circum●is●d
                   at
                   the
                   very
                   root
                   ,
                   ●i●e
                   a
                   riuer
                   that
                   inlargeth
                   his
                   channel
                   by
                   a
                   continu●l
                   descent
                   .
                
                 
                   3
                   I
                   cannnot
                   perceiue
                   what
                   time
                   they
                   would
                   h●●●
                   the
                   sap
                   to
                   descend
                   .
                   A●
                   M●●sommer
                   in
                   a
                   biting
                   drought
                   it
                   staies
                   ,
                   but
                   descends
                   not
                   ,
                   for
                   immedi●tly
                   vpon
                   moisture
                   it
                   makes
                   second
                   shoots
                   ,
                   at
                   (
                   or
                   before
                   rathe●
                   )
                   Michaeltide
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   shapens
                   his
                   buds
                   for
                   next
                   yeares
                   f●uit
                   .
                   If
                   a●
                   the
                   f●l
                   of
                   leafe
                   ,
                   I
                   grant
                   ,
                   about
                   that
                   time
                   is
                   the
                   greatest
                   stand
                   ,
                   but
                   no
                   descent
                   ,
                   of
                   sap
                   ,
                   which
                   begins
                   somwhat
                   before
                   the
                   leafe
                   fall
                   ,
                   but
                   not
                   long
                   ,
                   therfore
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   must
                   be
                   the
                   best
                   remouing
                   ,
                   not
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   descent
                   ,
                   but
                   stay
                   of
                   sap
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   The
                   sap
                   in
                   this
                   course
                   hath
                   his
                   profitable
                   apparant
                   effects
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   growth
                   of
                   the
                   tree
                   ,
                   couering
                   of
                   wounds
                   ,
                   putting
                   of
                   ●uds
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   Wh●rupon
                   it
                   follows
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   sap
                   descend
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   needs
                   haue
                   some
                   effect
                   to
                   shew
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   boughs
                   plasht
                   and
                   laid
                   lower
                   then
                   the
                   root
                   ,
                   dye
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   sap
                   descending
                   ,
                   except
                   where
                   it
                   is
                   forced
                   by
                   the
                   maine
                   streame
                   of
                   the
                   sap
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   top
                   boughs
                   hanging
                   like
                   water
                   in
                   pipes
                   ,
                   or
                   except
                   the
                   plasht
                   bough
                   lying
                   on
                   the
                   ground
                   put
                   rootes
                   of
                   his
                   owne
                   ,
                   yea
                   vnder
                   boughs
                   which
                   we
                   commonly
                   call
                   water
                   boughs
                   ,
                   can
                   scarcely
                   get
                   sap
                   to
                   liue
                   ,
                   yea
                   in
                   time
                   dye
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   sap
                   doth
                   presse
                   so
                   violently
                   vpward
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   the
                   fairest
                   shootes
                   and
                   fruits
                   are
                   alwayes
                   in
                   the
                   top
                   .
                
              
               
                 Obiect
                 .
                 
                 If
                 you
                 say
                 that
                 many
                 so
                 remoued
                 thriue
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 that
                 somewhat
                 before
                 the
                 fall
                 of
                 the
                 leafe
                 (
                 but
                 not
                 much
                 )
                 is
                 the
                 stand
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 fall
                 &
                 the
                 stand
                 are
                 not
                 at
                 one
                 instant
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 stand
                 is
                 dangerous
                 .
                 But
                 to
                 returne
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 sooner
                 in
                 winter
                 ●ou
                 remoue
                 your
                 sets
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 ;
                 the
                 latter
                 the
                 worse
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 perillous
                 if
                 a
                 strong
                 drought
                 take
                 your
                 Sets
                 before
                 they
                 haue
                 made
                 good
                 their
                 rooting
                 .
                 A
                 Plant
                 set
                 at
                 the
                 fall
                 ,
                 shall
                 gaine
                 (
                 in
                 a
                 
                 a
                 manner
                 )
                 a
                 whole
                 yeeres
                 growth
                 of
                 that
                 watch
                 is
                 set
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 after
                 .
              
               
                 
                 I
                 vse
                 in
                 the
                 setting
                 to
                 be
                 sure
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 earth
                 be
                 mouldy
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 somewhat
                 moist
                 )
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 runne
                 among
                 the
                 small
                 tangles
                 without
                 straining
                 or
                 bruising
                 :
                 and
                 as
                 I
                 f●●l
                 in
                 earth
                 to
                 his
                 root
                 ,
                 I
                 shake
                 the
                 Set
                 easily
                 to
                 and
                 fro
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 earth
                 settle
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 his
                 roo●s
                 :
                 and
                 withall
                 easily
                 with
                 my
                 foot
                 I
                 put
                 in
                 the
                 earth
                 close
                 ;
                 for
                 ayre
                 is
                 noysome
                 ,
                 and
                 w●ll
                 follow
                 concauities
                 .
                 Some
                 prescribe
                 Oates
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 in
                 w●●h
                 the
                 earth
                 .
                 I
                 could
                 like
                 it
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 could
                 know
                 any
                 reason
                 thereof
                 :
                 and
                 they
                 vse
                 to
                 set
                 their
                 Plant
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 side
                 toward
                 the
                 Sunne
                 :
                 but
                 this
                 conceit
                 is
                 like
                 the
                 o●her
                 .
                 For
                 first
                 I
                 would
                 haue
                 euery
                 tree
                 to
                 stand
                 so
                 free
                 from
                 shade
                 ,
                 that
                 not
                 onely
                 the
                 root
                 (
                 which
                 therefore
                 you
                 mus●
                 ke●p●
                 bare
                 from
                 grasse
                 )
                 but
                 body
                 ,
                 boughes
                 ,
                 and
                 branches
                 ,
                 and
                 euery
                 spray
                 ,
                 may
                 haue
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 Sunne
                 .
                 And
                 what
                 hurt
                 ,
                 if
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 ,
                 that
                 before
                 was
                 sh●dowed
                 ,
                 be
                 now
                 made
                 partaker
                 of
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Su●n
                 ?
                 In
                 ●urning
                 of
                 Be●s
                 ,
                 I
                 know
                 it
                 is
                 hurtfull
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 changeth
                 their
                 entrance
                 ,
                 passage
                 ,
                 and
                 whose
                 worke
                 :
                 But
                 not
                 so
                 in
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Set
                 as
                 deepe
                 as
                 you
                 can
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 in
                 any
                 wise
                 you
                 goe
                 no●
                 beneath
                 the
                 crust
                 .
                 Looke
                 Chap.
                 2.
                 
              
               
                 
                 We
                 speake
                 in
                 the
                 second
                 Chapter
                 of
                 moysture
                 in
                 genera●l
                 :
                 but
                 now
                 especial●y
                 hauing
                 put
                 your
                 remoued
                 plant
                 into
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 powre
                 on
                 water
                 (
                 of
                 a
                 puddle
                 were
                 good
                 )
                 by
                 distilling
                 presently
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 euery
                 weeke
                 twice
                 in
                 strong
                 drought
                 ,
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 earth
                 will
                 drinke
                 ,
                 and
                 refuse
                 by
                 ouerflowing
                 .
                 For
                 moisture
                 m●llifies
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 giues
                 leaue
                 to
                 the
                 roots
                 to
                 spread
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 the
                 earth
                 yeeld
                 sap
                 and
                 nourishment
                 with
                 plenty
                 &
                 facility
                 .
                 Nurses
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 giue
                 most
                 &
                 best
                 milke
                 after
                 warme
                 drinks
                 .
              
               
               
                 If
                 your
                 ground
                 be
                 such
                 that
                 it
                 will
                 keepe
                 no
                 moisture
                 at
                 the
                 root
                 of
                 your
                 plant
                 ,
                 such
                 plant
                 shall
                 neuer
                 like
                 ,
                 or
                 but
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 nothing
                 more
                 hurtfall
                 for
                 young
                 trees
                 then
                 piercing
                 drought
                 .
                 I
                 haue
                 known
                 trees
                 of
                 good
                 stature
                 after
                 they
                 haue
                 beene
                 of
                 diuers
                 yeeres
                 growth
                 ,
                 &
                 thriue
                 well
                 for
                 a
                 good
                 time
                 ,
                 perish
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 many
                 by
                 reason
                 or
                 taints
                 in
                 setting
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 meet
                 your
                 sets
                 and
                 grafts
                 be
                 fenced
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 be
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 your
                 arme
                 for
                 feare
                 of
                 annoyances
                 .
                 
                 Many
                 waies
                 may
                 sets
                 receiue
                 dammages
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 be
                 set
                 ,
                 whether
                 grafted
                 or
                 vngrafted
                 .
                 For
                 although
                 we
                 suppose
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 noysome
                 beast
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 thing
                 must
                 haue
                 accesse
                 among
                 your
                 trees
                 :
                 yet
                 by
                 casualty
                 ,
                 a
                 Dog
                 ,
                 Cat
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 or
                 your selfe
                 ,
                 or
                 negligent
                 friend
                 bearing
                 you
                 company
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 shrewd
                 boy
                 ,
                 may
                 tread
                 or
                 fall
                 vpon
                 a
                 young
                 and
                 tender
                 plant
                 or
                 graft
                 .
                 To
                 auoid
                 these
                 and
                 many
                 such
                 chances
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 stake
                 them
                 round
                 a
                 pretty
                 distance
                 from
                 the
                 set
                 ,
                 neither
                 so
                 neere
                 ,
                 nor
                 so
                 thicke
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 haue
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 Sun
                 ,
                 raine
                 ,
                 and
                 ayre
                 .
                 Your
                 stakes
                 (
                 small
                 or
                 great
                 )
                 would
                 be
                 so
                 surely
                 put
                 ,
                 or
                 driuen
                 into
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 breake
                 not
                 ,
                 if
                 any
                 thing
                 happen
                 to
                 leane
                 vpon
                 them
                 ,
                 else
                 may
                 the
                 fall
                 be
                 more
                 hurtfull
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 the
                 fence
                 .
                 Let
                 not
                 you
                 stakes
                 shelter
                 any
                 weeds
                 about
                 your
                 sets
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Sunne
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 hinderance
                 .
                 Let
                 them
                 stand
                 so
                 farre
                 off
                 ,
                 that
                 your
                 grafts
                 spreading
                 receiue
                 no
                 hurt
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 rubbing
                 on
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 a●y
                 other
                 thing
                 passing
                 by
                 .
                 If
                 your
                 stocke
                 be
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 high
                 grafted
                 (
                 which
                 I
                 must
                 discommend
                 (
                 except
                 in
                 need
                 )
                 because
                 there
                 the
                 sap
                 is
                 weake
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 are
                 subiect
                 to
                 strong
                 wind
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 lighting
                 of
                 birds
                 )
                 tie
                 easily
                 with
                 a
                 soft
                 list
                 three
                 or
                 foure
                 prickes
                 vnder
                 the
                 clay
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 their
                 tops
                 stand
                 aboue
                 the
                 grafts
                 ,
                 to
                 auoid
                 the
                 lighting
                 of
                 Crowes
                 ,
                 Pyes
                 ,
                 &c.
                 vpon
                 your
                 grafts
                 .
                 If
                 you
                 sticke
                 
                 some
                 sharpe
                 thornes
                 at
                 the
                 roots
                 of
                 your
                 stakes
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 make
                 hurtfull
                 things
                 keepe
                 off
                 the
                 better
                 .
                 Other
                 better
                 fences
                 for
                 your
                 grafts
                 I
                 know
                 none
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 much
                 for
                 sets
                 and
                 setting
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 8.
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 distance
                 of
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 Know
                 not
                 to
                 what
                 end
                 you
                 should
                 prouide
                 good
                 ground
                 ,
                 well
                 fenced
                 ,
                 &
                 plant
                 good
                 sets
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 your
                 trees
                 should
                 come
                 to
                 profit
                 ,
                 haue
                 all
                 your
                 labours
                 lost
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 due
                 regard
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 distance
                 of
                 placing
                 your
                 trees
                 .
                 I
                 haue
                 s●ene
                 many
                 trees
                 stand
                 so
                 thicke
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 could
                 not
                 thriue
                 for
                 the
                 throng
                 of
                 his
                 neighbours
                 .
                 If
                 you
                 doe
                 marke
                 it
                 ,
                 you
                 shall
                 see
                 the
                 tops
                 of
                 trees
                 rubd
                 off
                 ,
                 
                 their
                 sides
                 galled
                 like
                 a
                 galled
                 horses
                 backe
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 trees
                 haue
                 more
                 stumps
                 then
                 boughes
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 trees
                 no
                 well
                 thriuing
                 ,
                 but
                 short
                 ,
                 stumpish
                 ,
                 and
                 euill
                 thriuing
                 boughes
                 :
                 like
                 a
                 Corne
                 field
                 ouer-seeded
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 towne
                 ouer
                 peopled
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 pasture
                 ouerlaid
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Gardiner
                 must
                 either
                 let
                 grow
                 ,
                 or
                 leaue
                 the
                 tree
                 very
                 few
                 boughes
                 to
                 beare
                 fruit
                 .
                 Hence
                 small
                 thrift
                 ,
                 galls
                 ,
                 wounds
                 ,
                 diseases
                 ,
                 and
                 short
                 life
                 to
                 the
                 trees
                 :
                 and
                 while
                 they
                 liue
                 greene
                 ,
                 little
                 ,
                 hard
                 ,
                 worme-eaten
                 ,
                 and
                 euill
                 thriuing
                 fruit
                 arise
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 discomfort
                 of
                 the
                 owners
                 .
              
               
                 
                 To
                 preuent
                 which
                 discommodity
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 remedies
                 is
                 the
                 sufficient
                 and
                 fit
                 distance
                 of
                 trees
                 .
                 Therefore
                 at
                 the
                 se●ing
                 of
                 your
                 plants
                 you
                 must
                 haue
                 such
                 respect
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 distance
                 of
                 them
                 be
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 euery
                 tree
                 be
                 not
                 annoyance
                 ,
                 but
                 an
                 helpe
                 to
                 his
                 fellowes
                 :
                 for
                 trees
                 (
                 as
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 of
                 th●●●
                 m●
                 k●nd
                 )
                 should
                 shroud
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 not
                 hurt
                 one
                 another
                 .
                 
                 And
                 assure
                 your selfe
                 that
                 euery
                 touch
                 of
                 trees
                 (
                 as
                 well
                 vnder
                 as
                 aboue
                 the
                 earth
                 )
                 is
                 hurtfull
                 .
                 Therefore
                 this
                 must
                 be
                 a
                 generall
                 rule
                 in
                 this
                 Art●
                 That
                 no
                 tree
                 in
                 an
                 Orchard
                 well
                 ordered
                 ,
                 
                 nor
                 bough
                 ,
                 nor
                 Cyon
                 ,
                 drop
                 vpon
                 ,
                 or
                 touch
                 his
                 fellowes
                 Let
                 no
                 man
                 thinke
                 this
                 vnpossible
                 ,
                 but
                 looke
                 in
                 the
                 eleuenth
                 Chapter
                 of
                 dressing
                 of
                 trees
                 If
                 they
                 touch
                 ,
                 the
                 winde
                 will
                 cause
                 a
                 forcible
                 〈◊〉
                 Young
                 twigs
                 are
                 tender
                 ,
                 if
                 boughes
                 or
                 armes
                 touch
                 〈◊〉
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 strong
                 ,
                 they
                 make
                 great
                 galls
                 .
                 No
                 kind
                 of
                 touch
                 therefore
                 in
                 trees
                 can
                 be
                 good
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 what
                 distance
                 amongst
                 sets
                 is
                 requisite
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 that
                 must
                 be
                 gathered
                 from
                 the
                 compasse
                 and
                 roomth
                 ,
                 that
                 each
                 tree
                 by
                 probability
                 will
                 take
                 and
                 fill
                 .
                 And
                 herein
                 I
                 am
                 of
                 a
                 contrary
                 opinion
                 to
                 all
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 practise
                 or
                 teach
                 the
                 planting
                 of
                 trees
                 ,
                 that
                 euer
                 yet
                 I
                 knew
                 ,
                 read
                 ,
                 or
                 heard
                 of
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 common
                 space
                 betweene
                 tree
                 and
                 tree
                 is
                 ten
                 foot
                 :
                 if
                 twenty
                 foot
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 thought
                 very
                 much
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 suppose
                 twenty
                 yards
                 distance
                 is
                 small
                 enough
                 betw●xt
                 tree
                 and
                 tree
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 too
                 too
                 little
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 distance
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 two
                 trees
                 are
                 well
                 able
                 to
                 ouer
                 spread●
                 and
                 fill
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 touch
                 not
                 by
                 one
                 yard
                 at
                 least
                 .
                 Now
                 I
                 am
                 assured
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 know
                 one
                 Apple-tree
                 ,
                 set
                 of
                 slip
                 finger-great
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 20
                 yeares
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 I
                 account
                 a
                 very
                 small
                 part
                 of
                 a
                 trees
                 age
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 shewed
                 Chapter
                 14.
                 )
                 hath
                 spred
                 his
                 boughes
                 eleuen
                 or
                 twelue
                 yards
                 compasse
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 fiue
                 or
                 sixe
                 yards
                 on
                 e●ery
                 side
                 .
                 Hence
                 I
                 gather
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 forty
                 or
                 fity
                 yeares
                 (
                 which
                 yet
                 is
                 but
                 a
                 small
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 age
                 )
                 a
                 tree
                 in
                 good
                 soile
                 ,
                 well
                 liking
                 ,
                 by
                 good
                 dressing
                 (
                 for
                 that
                 is
                 much
                 auaileable
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 )
                 will
                 spread
                 double
                 at
                 the
                 least
                 ,
                 viz.
                 twelue
                 yards
                 on
                 a
                 side
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 added
                 to
                 twelue
                 alotted
                 to
                 his
                 felllow
                 ,
                 make
                 twenty
                 and
                 foure
                 yards
                 ,
                 a●d
                 
                 so
                 farre
                 distant
                 must
                 euery
                 tree
                 stand
                 from
                 another
                 And
                 looke
                 how
                 farre
                 a
                 tree
                 spreads
                 his
                 boughes
                 aboue
                 ,
                 so
                 far
                 doth
                 he
                 put
                 his
                 roots
                 vnder
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 further
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 stop
                 ,
                 nor
                 let
                 by
                 walls
                 ,
                 trees
                 ,
                 rocks
                 ,
                 barren
                 earth
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 :
                 for
                 an
                 huge
                 bulk
                 ,
                 and
                 strong
                 armes
                 ,
                 massie
                 boughes
                 ,
                 many
                 branches
                 ,
                 and
                 infinite
                 twigs
                 ,
                 require
                 wide
                 spreading
                 roots
                 .
                 The
                 top
                 hath
                 the
                 vast
                 aire
                 to
                 spread
                 his
                 boughs
                 in
                 ,
                 high
                 and
                 low
                 ,
                 this
                 way
                 and
                 that
                 way
                 :
                 but
                 the
                 roots
                 are
                 kept
                 in
                 the
                 crust
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 not
                 goe
                 downward
                 ,
                 nor
                 vpward
                 ou●
                 of
                 he
                 earth
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 their
                 element
                 ,
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 the
                 Fish
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 water
                 ,
                 Camelion
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Aire
                 ,
                 nor
                 Salamander
                 out
                 the
                 fire
                 .
                 Therefore
                 they
                 must
                 needs
                 spread
                 farre
                 vnder
                 the
                 earth
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 dare
                 well
                 say
                 ,
                 if
                 nature
                 would
                 giue
                 leaue
                 to
                 man
                 by
                 Art
                 ,
                 to
                 dresse
                 the
                 roots
                 of
                 trees
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 the
                 tawes
                 and
                 tangles
                 ,
                 that
                 lap
                 and
                 fi●t
                 and
                 grow
                 supe●fluously
                 and
                 disorderly
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 euery
                 thing
                 sublunary
                 is
                 cursed
                 for
                 mans
                 sake
                 )
                 the
                 tops
                 aboue
                 being
                 answerably
                 dressed
                 ,
                 we
                 should
                 haue
                 trees
                 of
                 wouderfull
                 greatnes
                 ,
                 and
                 i●finite
                 durance
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 perswade
                 my selfe
                 that
                 this
                 might
                 be
                 done
                 sometimes
                 in
                 Winter
                 ,
                 to
                 trees
                 standing
                 in
                 faire
                 pl●ines
                 and
                 kindly
                 earth
                 ,
                 with
                 small
                 or
                 no
                 danger
                 at
                 all
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 I
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 twenty
                 foure
                 yards
                 are
                 the
                 least
                 space
                 that
                 Art
                 can
                 allot
                 for
                 trees
                 to
                 stand
                 distant
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 
                 If
                 you
                 aske
                 me
                 what
                 vse
                 shall
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 that
                 waste
                 ground
                 betwixt
                 tree
                 and
                 tree
                 ?
                 I
                 answer
                 :
                 If
                 you
                 please
                 to
                 plant
                 some
                 tree
                 or
                 trees
                 in
                 that
                 middle
                 space
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 your
                 trees
                 grow
                 contigious
                 ,
                 gr●a●
                 and
                 thick
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 at
                 your
                 pleasure
                 take
                 vp
                 those
                 last
                 trees
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 I
                 take
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 chiefe
                 cause
                 ,
                 why
                 the
                 most
                 trees
                 stand
                 so
                 thicke
                 .
                 For
                 men
                 not
                 knowing
                 (
                 or
                 not
                 regarding
                 )
                 this
                 secret
                 of
                 needfull
                 distance
                 ,
                 and
                 louing
                 fruit
                 of
                 trees
                 
                 planted
                 to
                 their
                 handes
                 ,
                 thinke
                 much
                 to
                 pull
                 vpp
                 an●
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 pine
                 one
                 another
                 .
                 If
                 you
                 or
                 your
                 heires
                 or
                 successors
                 would
                 take
                 vp
                 some
                 great
                 tre●s
                 (
                 past
                 setting
                 )
                 where
                 they
                 stand
                 too
                 thicke
                 ,
                 be
                 sure
                 ●ou
                 doe
                 it
                 about
                 Miasummer
                 ,
                 and
                 leaue
                 no
                 maine
                 roo●●
                 I
                 destina●e
                 this
                 sp●ce
                 of
                 foure
                 and
                 twenty
                 yards
                 ,
                 for
                 trees
                 of
                 age
                 &
                 sta●ure
                 .
                 More
                 then
                 thi●
                 ,
                 yo●
                 h●ue
                 borders
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 for
                 wal●es●
                 with
                 Roses●
                 Berries
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 A●d
                 chiefly
                 consider
                 :
                 that
                 your
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 first
                 twenty
                 or
                 thirty
                 yeeres
                 ,
                 will
                 serue
                 you
                 ●or
                 many
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 for
                 Safron
                 ,
                 Licoras
                 ,
                 roots
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 herb●
                 for
                 profi●
                 ,
                 and
                 flowers
                 for
                 pleasure
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 no
                 ground
                 need
                 be
                 wasted
                 if
                 the
                 Gardiner
                 be
                 skillfull
                 and
                 diligen●
                 .
                 But
                 be
                 sure●
                 you
                 come
                 not
                 neere
                 with
                 such
                 deepe
                 de●uing
                 the
                 roots
                 of
                 your
                 trees
                 ,
                 who●e
                 compas●e
                 you
                 may
                 partly
                 discerne
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 compasse
                 of
                 the
                 tops
                 ,
                 if
                 your
                 top
                 be
                 well
                 spread
                 .
                 And
                 vnder
                 the
                 droppings
                 and
                 shadow
                 of
                 your
                 trees
                 ,
                 be
                 sure
                 no
                 herbes
                 will
                 like
                 .
                 Let
                 this
                 be
                 said
                 for
                 the
                 distance
                 of
                 Trees
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 9.
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 placing
                 of
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 placing
                 of
                 trees
                 in
                 an
                 Orchard
                 is
                 well
                 worth
                 the
                 regard
                 :
                 For
                 although
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 granted
                 ,
                 that
                 any
                 of
                 our
                 foresaid
                 trees
                 (
                 Chap.
                 2.
                 )
                 will
                 like
                 well
                 in
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 your
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 being
                 good
                 and
                 well
                 drest
                 earth
                 :
                 yet
                 are
                 not
                 ●ll
                 Trees
                 alike
                 worthy
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 place
                 And
                 therefore
                 I
                 wish
                 that
                 your
                 Filbird
                 ,
                 Plummes
                 ,
                 Dimsons
                 ,
                 Bules●●
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 be
                 vtterly
                 remoued
                 from
                 the
                 plaine
                 soile
                 of
                 your
                 Orchard
                 into
                 your
                 fence
                 :
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 such
                 fertility
                 and
                 easefull
                 growth
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 within
                 :
                 and
                 there
                 also
                 they
                 are
                 more
                 sub●ect
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 abide
                 the
                 blasts
                 of
                 Aeolus
                 .
                 The
                 che●ries
                 and
                 plummes
                 being
                 ripe
                 in
                 the
                 hot
                 time
                 of
                 Summer
                 ,
                 and
                 th●
                 rest
                 standing
                 ●onger
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 soone
                 shaken
                 as
                 your
                 better
                 fr●i●
                 :
                 neither
                 if
                 they
                 suffer
                 losse
                 ,
                 is
                 your
                 losse
                 so
                 grea●
                 .
                 besides
                 that
                 ,
                 your
                 fences
                 and
                 ditches
                 w●ll
                 de●ou●e
                 ●ome
                 of
                 your
                 fruit
                 growing
                 in
                 or
                 neere
                 your
                 hedges
                 And
                 seeing
                 the
                 continuance
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 (
                 except
                 Nu●s
                 )
                 is
                 small
                 ,
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 them
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 lesse
                 .
                 And
                 make
                 no
                 doubt●
                 but
                 the
                 fences
                 of
                 a
                 large
                 Orchard
                 wi●l
                 containe
                 a
                 suffi●ien●●umber
                 of
                 such
                 kind
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 in
                 the
                 wh●le
                 compasse
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 materiall
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 your
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 s●d
                 fences
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 either
                 intermingle
                 your
                 seuer●l
                 ki●ds
                 of
                 fruit-trees
                 ,
                 or
                 set
                 euery
                 kind
                 by
                 himself●
                 ,
                 which
                 order
                 doth
                 very
                 well
                 become
                 your
                 bet●er
                 and
                 greater
                 fruit
                 .
                 Let
                 therefore
                 your
                 Appl●s
                 P●●res
                 ,
                 an●
                 Quinches
                 ,
                 possesse
                 the
                 soile
                 of
                 you
                 O●chard
                 ,
                 vnlesse
                 you
                 be
                 especially
                 affected
                 to
                 some
                 of
                 your
                 other
                 kinds
                 :
                 and
                 of
                 them
                 let
                 your
                 greatest
                 ●rees
                 of
                 growth
                 stand
                 furthest
                 from
                 Sunne
                 ,
                 and
                 your
                 Quinches
                 at
                 the
                 S●u●h
                 side
                 or
                 end
                 ,
                 and
                 your●
                 Apples
                 in
                 th●
                 middle
                 ,
                 so
                 shall
                 none
                 be
                 any
                 hinderance
                 to
                 his
                 fellowes
                 .
                 The
                 Warden-tree
                 ,
                 and
                 Winter-Peare
                 will
                 challenge
                 the
                 pre●emine●ce
                 for
                 stature
                 .
                 Of
                 your
                 Apple-trees
                 you
                 shall
                 finde
                 difference
                 in
                 growth
                 .
                 A
                 good
                 Pippin
                 will
                 g●ow
                 large
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Costard-tree
                 :
                 stead
                 them
                 on
                 the
                 North
                 side
                 of
                 your
                 other
                 Apples
                 ,
                 thus
                 being
                 placed
                 ,
                 the
                 least
                 will
                 giue
                 Sun
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greatest
                 will
                 shroud
                 their
                 fellowes
                 .
                 The
                 fences
                 and
                 out-trees
                 will
                 guard
                 all
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 10
                 Of
                 G●af●ing
                 .
              
               
               
               
                 Of
                 this
                 there
                 be
                 diuers
                 kinds
                 ,
                 but
                 three
                 or
                 foure
                 now
                 especially
                 in
                 vse
                 :
                 
                 to
                 wit
                 ,
                 Grafting
                 ,
                 incising
                 ,
                 packing
                 on
                 ,
                 grafting
                 in
                 the
                 scutchion
                 ,
                 or
                 inoculating
                 :
                 whereof
                 the
                 chiefe
                 and
                 most
                 vsuall
                 ,
                 is
                 called
                 grafting
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 generall
                 name
                 ,
                 Catahexocen
                 :
                 )
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 knowne
                 ,
                 surest
                 ,
                 readiest
                 ,
                 and
                 plainest
                 way
                 to
                 haue
                 store
                 of
                 good
                 fruit
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 thus
                 wrought
                 :
                 You
                 must
                 with
                 a
                 fine
                 ,
                 thin
                 ,
                 strong
                 and
                 sharpe
                 Saw
                 ,
                 
                 made
                 and
                 armed
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 cut
                 off
                 a
                 foot
                 aboue
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 or
                 thereabouts
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 plaine
                 without
                 a
                 knot
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 neere
                 as
                 you
                 can
                 without
                 a
                 knot
                 (
                 for
                 some
                 Stocks
                 will
                 be
                 knotty
                 )
                 your
                 Stocke
                 ,
                 set
                 ,
                 or
                 plant
                 ,
                 being
                 surely
                 stayed
                 with
                 your
                 foot
                 and
                 legge
                 ,
                 or
                 otherwise
                 straight
                 ouerthwart
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 Stocke
                 may
                 be
                 crooked
                 )
                 and
                 then
                 plaine
                 his
                 wound
                 smoothly
                 with
                 a
                 sharpe
                 knife
                 :
                 that
                 done
                 ,
                 cleaue
                 him
                 cleanly
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 with
                 a
                 cleauer
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 knocke
                 or
                 mall
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 wedge
                 of
                 wood
                 ,
                 Iron
                 or
                 Bone
                 ,
                 two
                 handfull
                 long
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 that
                 clift
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 knocke
                 ,
                 make
                 the
                 wound
                 gape
                 a
                 straw
                 bredth
                 wide
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 you
                 must
                 put
                 your
                 Graffes
                 .
              
               
                 
                 The
                 graft
                 is
                 a
                 top
                 twig
                 taken
                 from
                 some
                 other
                 Tree
                 (
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 folly
                 to
                 put
                 a
                 graffe
                 into
                 his
                 owne
                 Stocke
                 )
                 beneath
                 the
                 vppermost
                 (
                 and
                 sometime
                 in
                 need
                 the
                 second
                 )
                 knot
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 sharpe
                 knife
                 fitted
                 in
                 the
                 knot
                 (
                 and
                 some
                 time
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 knot
                 when
                 need
                 is
                 )
                 with
                 shoulders
                 an
                 ynch
                 downeward
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 stocke
                 with
                 some
                 thrusting
                 (
                 but
                 not
                 straining
                 )
                 barke
                 to
                 barke
                 inward
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Let
                 your
                 graffe
                 haue
                 three
                 or
                 foure
                 eyes
                 ,
                 for
                 readinesse
                 to
                 put
                 forth
                 ,
                 and
                 giue
                 issue
                 to
                 the
                 sap
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 amisse
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 your
                 graffe
                 ,
                 and
                 leaue
                 it
                 but
                 fiue
                 or
                 sixe
                 inches
                 long
                 ,
                 because
                 commonly
                 you
                 shall
                 
                 see
                 the
                 tops
                 of
                 long
                 graffes
                 die
                 .
                 The
                 reason
                 is
                 this
                 .
                 The
                 sap
                 in
                 graffing
                 receiues
                 a
                 rebuke
                 ,
                 and
                 cannot
                 worke
                 so
                 strongly
                 presently
                 ,
                 and
                 your
                 graffes
                 receiue
                 not
                 sap
                 so
                 readily
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 naturall
                 branches
                 .
                 When
                 your
                 graffes
                 are
                 cleanely
                 and
                 closely
                 put
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 your
                 wedge
                 puld
                 out
                 nimbly
                 ,
                 for
                 feare
                 of
                 putting
                 your
                 graffes
                 out
                 of
                 frime
                 ,
                 take
                 well
                 tempered
                 morter
                 ,
                 ●oundly
                 wrought
                 with
                 chaffe
                 or
                 horse
                 dung
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 dung
                 of
                 cattell
                 will
                 grow
                 hard
                 ,
                 and
                 straine
                 your
                 graffes
                 )
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 a
                 Gooses
                 egge
                 ,
                 and
                 diuide
                 it
                 iust
                 ,
                 and
                 therewithall
                 ,
                 couer
                 your
                 stocke
                 ,
                 laying
                 the
                 one
                 halfe
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 halfe
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 of
                 your
                 graffes
                 (
                 for
                 thrusting
                 against
                 your
                 graffes
                 )
                 you
                 moue
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 both
                 your
                 hands
                 thrust
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 and
                 alike
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 your
                 clay
                 be
                 tender
                 ,
                 to
                 yeeld
                 easily
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 ,
                 lest
                 you
                 moue
                 your
                 graffes
                 .
                 Some
                 vse
                 to
                 couer
                 the
                 clift
                 of
                 the
                 Stocke●
                 vnder
                 the
                 clay
                 with
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 barke
                 or
                 leafe
                 ,
                 some
                 with
                 a
                 sear-cloth
                 of
                 waxe
                 and
                 butter
                 ,
                 which
                 as
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 much
                 needfull
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 hurt
                 not
                 ,
                 vnlesse
                 that
                 by
                 being
                 busie
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 you
                 moue
                 your
                 graffes
                 from
                 their
                 places
                 .
                 They
                 vse
                 also
                 mosse
                 tyed
                 on
                 aboue
                 the
                 clay
                 with
                 some
                 bryer
                 ,
                 wicker
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 bands
                 .
                 These
                 profit
                 nothing
                 .
                 They
                 all
                 put
                 the
                 graffes
                 in
                 danger
                 ,
                 with
                 pulling
                 and
                 thrusting
                 :
                 
                 for
                 I
                 hold
                 this
                 generall
                 rule
                 in
                 graffing
                 and
                 planting
                 :
                 if
                 your
                 stocke
                 and
                 graffes
                 take
                 ,
                 and
                 thriue
                 (
                 for
                 some
                 will
                 take
                 and
                 not
                 thriue
                 ,
                 being
                 tainted
                 by
                 some
                 meanes
                 in
                 the
                 planting
                 or
                 graffing
                 )
                 they
                 will
                 (
                 without
                 doubt
                 )
                 recouer
                 their
                 wounds
                 safely
                 and
                 shortly
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 best
                 time
                 of
                 graffing
                 from
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 remouing
                 your
                 stocke
                 is
                 the
                 next
                 Spring
                 ,
                 
                 for
                 that
                 saues
                 a
                 second
                 wound
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 second
                 repulse
                 of
                 sap
                 ,
                 if
                 your
                 stocke
                 be
                 of
                 sufficient
                 bignesse
                 to
                 take
                 a
                 graffe
                 from
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 your
                 
                 thumbe
                 ,
                 to
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 an
                 arme
                 of
                 a
                 man.
                 You
                 may
                 graffe
                 l●sle
                 (
                 which
                 I
                 like
                 )
                 and
                 bigger
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 like
                 not
                 so
                 w●ll
                 .
                 The
                 best
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 y●ere
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 ●ast
                 part
                 of
                 February
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 March
                 ,
                 or
                 beginning
                 of
                 Apr●ll
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Su●ne
                 with
                 his
                 h●a●
                 begins
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 s●p
                 stirre
                 more
                 rankely
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 change
                 of
                 Moone
                 before
                 you
                 see
                 any
                 great
                 apparancy
                 of
                 lease
                 or
                 fl●we●s
                 but
                 onely
                 knots
                 and
                 bads
                 ,
                 and
                 before
                 they
                 be
                 proud
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 sooner
                 .
                 Cheries
                 ,
                 Pea●es
                 ,
                 Apricocks
                 ,
                 Q●●nces
                 ,
                 and
                 Plummes
                 would
                 be
                 gathered
                 and
                 graf●ed
                 sooner
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 graff●s
                 may
                 be
                 gathered
                 sooner
                 in
                 February
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 time
                 within
                 a
                 moneth
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 two
                 before
                 you
                 graffe
                 or
                 vpon
                 the
                 same
                 day
                 (
                 which
                 I
                 commend
                 )
                 If
                 you
                 get
                 them
                 any
                 time
                 before
                 ,
                 ●or
                 I
                 haue
                 knowne
                 graf●es
                 gathered
                 in
                 December
                 ,
                 and
                 doe
                 well
                 ,
                 take
                 heed
                 of
                 drought
                 .
                 I
                 haue
                 my selfe
                 ●aken
                 a
                 bu●knot
                 of
                 a
                 tree
                 ,
                 &
                 the
                 same
                 day
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 laid
                 in
                 the
                 earth
                 about
                 mid
                 Februory
                 ,
                 gathered
                 graf●s
                 and
                 put
                 in
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 graffes
                 bore
                 the
                 th●rd
                 yeere
                 after
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fourth
                 plentifully
                 .
                 Graffes
                 of
                 old
                 trees
                 would
                 be
                 gathered
                 sooner
                 then
                 of
                 young
                 trees
                 ,
                 
                 for
                 they
                 sooner
                 breake
                 and
                 bud●
                 If
                 you
                 keepe
                 graffes
                 in
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 moisture
                 with
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 will
                 make
                 them
                 sprout
                 as
                 fast
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 growing
                 on
                 the
                 tree
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 seeing
                 keeping
                 is
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 the
                 surest
                 way
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 iudge
                 )
                 is
                 to
                 take
                 them
                 within
                 a
                 weeke
                 of
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 your
                 graf●ing
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 gr●fts
                 would
                 be
                 taken
                 not
                 of
                 the
                 proudest
                 twigs
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 your
                 stocke
                 is
                 not
                 answerable
                 in
                 strength
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 (
                 say
                 I
                 ,
                 the
                 graf●s
                 brought
                 from
                 South
                 to
                 vs
                 in
                 the
                 North
                 although
                 they
                 take
                 and
                 thriue
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 somewhat
                 doub●full
                 ,
                 
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 difference
                 of
                 the
                 Clime
                 and
                 carriage
                 )
                 yet
                 shall
                 they
                 in
                 time
                 fashion
                 themselues
                 to
                 our
                 cold
                 Notherne
                 soile
                 ,
                 in
                 growth
                 ,
                 taste
                 &c.
                 
              
               
               
                 Nor
                 of
                 the
                 poorest
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 strength
                 may
                 make
                 them
                 vnready
                 to
                 receiue
                 sap
                 (
                 and
                 who
                 can
                 tell
                 but
                 a
                 poore
                 graft
                 is
                 tainted
                 )
                 nor
                 on
                 the
                 outside
                 of
                 your
                 tree
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 should
                 your
                 tree
                 spread
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 middest●
                 for
                 there
                 you
                 may
                 be
                 sure
                 your
                 Tree
                 is
                 no
                 whit
                 hindered
                 in
                 his
                 growth
                 or
                 forme
                 .
                 He
                 will
                 still
                 recouer
                 inward
                 ,
                 more
                 then
                 you
                 would
                 wish
                 .
                 If
                 your
                 clay
                 clift
                 in
                 Summer
                 with
                 drought
                 ,
                 looke
                 well
                 in
                 the
                 Chinkes
                 for
                 Emm●●s
                 and
                 Earewigs
                 ,
                 
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 cunning
                 and
                 close
                 theeues●
                 about
                 grafts
                 you
                 shall
                 finde
                 them
                 stirring
                 in
                 the
                 morning
                 and
                 euening
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rather
                 in
                 the
                 moist
                 weather
                 .
                 I
                 haue
                 had
                 many
                 young
                 buds
                 of
                 Graffes
                 ,
                 euen
                 in
                 the
                 flourishing
                 ,
                 eaten
                 with
                 Ants.
                 Let
                 this
                 suffice
                 for
                 graffing
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 faculty
                 counted
                 the
                 chiefe
                 secret
                 ,
                 and
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 most
                 vsuall
                 it
                 is
                 best
                 knowne
                 .
              
               
                 Graffes
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 disl●ked
                 for
                 growth
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 wither
                 ,
                 pine
                 ,
                 and
                 die
                 .
                 Vsually
                 before
                 M●dsummer
                 they
                 breake
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 l●ue
                 .
                 Some
                 (
                 but
                 few
                 )
                 keeping
                 proud
                 and
                 greene
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 put
                 till
                 the
                 second
                 yeere
                 ,
                 so
                 is
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 thought
                 of
                 sets
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 shew
                 of
                 putting
                 is
                 no
                 sure
                 signe
                 of
                 growth
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 but
                 the
                 sap
                 the
                 graffe
                 brought
                 with
                 him
                 from
                 his
                 tree
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 soone
                 as
                 you
                 see
                 the
                 graft
                 put
                 for
                 growth
                 ,
                 take
                 away
                 the
                 clay
                 ,
                 for
                 then
                 doth
                 neither
                 the
                 stocke
                 no●
                 the
                 graffe
                 need
                 it
                 (
                 put
                 a
                 little
                 fresh
                 well
                 tempered
                 clay
                 in
                 the
                 hole
                 of
                 the
                 stocke
                 )
                 for
                 the
                 clay
                 is
                 now
                 tender
                 ,
                 and
                 rather
                 keepes
                 moisture
                 then
                 drought
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 other
                 waies
                 of
                 changing
                 the
                 naturall
                 fruit
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 are
                 more
                 curious
                 then
                 profitable
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 I
                 mind
                 not
                 to
                 bestow
                 much
                 labour
                 or
                 time
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 onely
                 I
                 shall
                 make
                 knowne
                 what
                 I
                 haue
                 proued
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 I
                 doe
                 thinke
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 first
                 of
                 incising
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 cutting
                 of
                 the
                 backe
                 
                 of
                 the
                 boale
                 ,
                 a
                 rine
                 or
                 branch
                 of
                 a
                 tree
                 of
                 some
                 bending
                 or
                 knee
                 ,
                 shoulderwise
                 with
                 two
                 gashes
                 ,
                 onely
                 with
                 a
                 sharpe
                 knife
                 to
                 the
                 wood
                 :
                 then
                 take
                 a
                 wedge
                 ,
                 the
                 big●es
                 of
                 your
                 graffe
                 sharpe
                 ended
                 ,
                 flat
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 side
                 ,
                 agr●eing
                 with
                 the
                 tree
                 ,
                 and
                 round
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 t●●●
                 being
                 thrust
                 in
                 ,
                 raise
                 your
                 barke
                 ,
                 then
                 p●t
                 in
                 your
                 gr●ffe
                 ,
                 fashioned
                 like
                 your
                 wedge
                 iust
                 :
                 and
                 lastly
                 cou●r
                 your
                 wound
                 ,
                 and
                 fast
                 it
                 vp
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 heed
                 of
                 straining
                 .
                 This
                 will
                 grow
                 but
                 to
                 small
                 purpose
                 ,
                 
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 weake
                 hold
                 ,
                 and
                 ligh●ly
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 vnder
                 growth
                 .
                 Thus
                 may
                 you
                 graft
                 betwixt
                 the
                 barke
                 and
                 the
                 tree
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 stoc●e
                 that
                 will
                 not
                 easily
                 be
                 clifted
                 :
                 But
                 I
                 haue
                 tryed
                 a
                 better
                 way
                 for
                 great
                 trees
                 ,
                 viz●
                 First
                 ,
                 cut
                 him
                 off
                 straight
                 ,
                 and
                 cleanse
                 him
                 with
                 your
                 knife
                 ,
                 then
                 cleaue
                 him
                 into
                 foure
                 q●arte●s
                 ,
                 equally
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 cleauer
                 :
                 then
                 take
                 for
                 euery
                 Clift
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 small
                 (
                 but
                 hard
                 )
                 wedges
                 iust
                 of
                 the
                 bignesse
                 of
                 your
                 graf●s
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 those
                 Wedges
                 driuen
                 in
                 with
                 an
                 hammer
                 open
                 the
                 foure
                 clifts
                 so
                 wide
                 (
                 but
                 no
                 wider
                 )
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 take
                 your
                 foure
                 gr●ffes
                 ,
                 with
                 thrusting
                 not
                 with
                 straining
                 :
                 and
                 lastly
                 couer
                 and
                 clay
                 i●
                 closely
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 a
                 sure
                 and
                 good
                 way
                 of
                 grafting
                 :
                 or
                 thus
                 ,
                 clift
                 your
                 stocke
                 by
                 his
                 edges
                 twice
                 or
                 thrice
                 with
                 your
                 cleauer
                 ,
                 and
                 open
                 him
                 with
                 your
                 wedge
                 in
                 euery
                 clift
                 one
                 by
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 in
                 your
                 grafts
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 couer
                 them
                 .
                 This
                 may
                 doe
                 well
                 .
              
               
                 Packing
                 on
                 is
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 cut
                 asl●pe
                 a
                 twig
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 bignesse
                 with
                 your
                 graft
                 ,
                 
                 either
                 in
                 or
                 besides
                 the
                 knot
                 ,
                 two
                 inches
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 your
                 graft
                 agree
                 ●umpe
                 with
                 the
                 Cyon●
                 and
                 gash
                 your
                 graft
                 and
                 your
                 Cyon
                 in
                 the
                 middest
                 of
                 the
                 wound
                 ,
                 length-way
                 ,
                 a
                 straw
                 breadth
                 deepe
                 ,
                 and
                 thrust
                 the
                 one
                 into
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 wound
                 to
                 wound
                 ,
                 sap
                 to
                 s●p
                 ,
                 barke
                 to
                 barke
                 ,
                 then
                 tie
                 them
                 close
                 and
                 clay
                 them
                 .
                 This
                 may
                 doe
                 well
                 .
                 The
                 fairest
                 graft
                 I
                 
                 haue
                 in
                 my
                 little
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 haue
                 planted
                 ,
                 is
                 thus
                 packt
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 branch
                 whereon
                 I
                 put
                 him
                 ,
                 is
                 in
                 his
                 plentifull
                 roote
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   sprig
                   .
                   The
                   graft
                   .
                   The
                   twig
                   .
                   The
                   graft
                   .
                
              
               
                 Inoculating
                 is
                 an
                 eye
                 or
                 bud
                 ,
                 taken
                 barke
                 and
                 all
                 from
                 one
                 tree
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 placed
                 in
                 the
                 roome
                 of
                 another
                 eie
                 or
                 bud
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 cut
                 both
                 of
                 one
                 compasse
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 bound
                 .
                 This
                 must
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 Summer
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 sap
                 is
                 proud
                 .
              
               
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 11.
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 right
                 dressing
                 of
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 
                 IF
                 all
                 these
                 things
                 aforesaid
                 were
                 indeed
                 performed
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 haue
                 shewed
                 them
                 in
                 words
                 ,
                 you
                 should
                 haue
                 a
                 perf●ct
                 Orchard
                 in
                 nature
                 a●d
                 subst●nce
                 ,
                 begu●ne
                 to
                 your
                 hand
                 :
                 And
                 yet
                 are
                 all
                 these
                 things
                 nothing
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 want
                 that
                 skill
                 to
                 keepe
                 and
                 dresse
                 your
                 trees
                 .
                 Such
                 is
                 the
                 condition
                 of
                 all
                 earthly
                 things
                 ,
                 whereby
                 a
                 man
                 receiueth
                 profit
                 or
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 degenerate
                 presently
                 without
                 good
                 ordering
                 .
                 Man
                 himselfe
                 left
                 to
                 himselfe
                 ,
                 growes
                 from
                 ●i
                 heauenly
                 and
                 spirituall
                 generation
                 ,
                 and
                 becommeth
                 beastly
                 ,
                 yea
                 deuillish
                 to
                 his
                 owne
                 kind
                 ,
                 vnlesse
                 he
                 be
                 regenerate
                 No
                 ma●u●ll
                 then
                 ,
                 if
                 Trees
                 make
                 ●heir
                 shootes
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 their
                 spraies
                 disorderly
                 .
                 And
                 truly
                 (
                 if
                 I
                 were
                 worthy
                 to
                 iudge
                 )
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 a
                 mischiefe
                 ●h●t
                 b●eedeth
                 greater
                 and
                 more
                 generall
                 harme
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Orchard
                 (
                 especially
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 of
                 any
                 continuance
                 )
                 that
                 euer
                 I
                 saw
                 ,
                 (
                 I
                 will
                 not
                 except
                 three
                 )
                 then
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 the
                 ski●full
                 d●essing
                 of
                 trees
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 common
                 and
                 vnskilfull
                 opinion
                 ,
                 and
                 saying
                 .
                 Let
                 all
                 grow
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 will
                 bea●e
                 more
                 fruit
                 :
                 and
                 if
                 ●oulop
                 away
                 su●erfluous
                 boughts
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 what
                 a
                 pitty
                 is
                 this
                 ?
                 
                 How
                 many
                 apples
                 would
                 there
                 haue
                 borne
                 ?
                 not
                 considering
                 there
                 may
                 arise
                 hurt
                 to
                 your
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 aswell
                 (
                 nay
                 rather
                 )
                 by
                 abundance
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 want
                 of
                 wood
                 .
                 sound
                 and
                 thriuing
                 plan●
                 in
                 a
                 good
                 soile
                 ,
                 will
                 euer
                 yeeld
                 too
                 much
                 wood
                 ,
                 and
                 disorderly
                 ,
                 but
                 neuer
                 too
                 little
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 a
                 skilfull
                 and
                 painfull
                 A●bo●ist
                 ,
                 need
                 
                 neuer
                 want
                 matter
                 to
                 ●ffect
                 a
                 plentifull
                 and
                 well
                 drest
                 Orchard
                 :
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 an
                 easie
                 matter
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 superfluous
                 boughes
                 if
                 your
                 Gardner
                 haue
                 skill
                 to
                 know
                 them
                 )
                 whereof
                 you●
                 plants
                 will
                 yeeld
                 abundance
                 ,
                 and
                 skill
                 will
                 leaue
                 sufficient
                 well
                 ordered
                 .
                 A●lages
                 both
                 by
                 rule
                 and
                 experience
                 doe
                 consent
                 to
                 a
                 pruining
                 and
                 lopping
                 of
                 trees
                 :
                 yet
                 haue
                 not
                 any
                 that
                 I
                 know
                 described
                 vnto
                 vs
                 (
                 except
                 in
                 darke
                 and
                 generall
                 words
                 )
                 what
                 or
                 which
                 are
                 those
                 superfluous
                 boughes
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 must
                 take
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 is
                 the
                 chiefe
                 and
                 most
                 needfull
                 point
                 to
                 be
                 knowne
                 in
                 lopping
                 .
                 And
                 we
                 may
                 well
                 assure
                 our selues
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 Arts
                 ,
                 so
                 in
                 this
                 )
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 vantage
                 and
                 dexterity
                 ,
                 by
                 skill
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 habite
                 by
                 practise
                 out
                 of
                 experience
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 performance
                 hereof
                 for
                 the
                 profit
                 of
                 mankind
                 ;
                 yet
                 doe
                 I
                 not
                 know
                 (
                 let
                 me
                 speake
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 patience
                 of
                 ou●
                 cunning
                 Arborists
                 )
                 any
                 thing
                 within
                 the
                 compasse
                 of
                 humane
                 affaires
                 so
                 necessary
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 little
                 regarded
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 in
                 Orchards
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 timber
                 trees
                 ,
                 where
                 or
                 whatsoeuer
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Imagine
                   the
                   roote
                   to
                   be
                   spread
                   farre
                   wider
                   .
                
              
               
                 If
                 all
                 timber
                 trees
                 were
                 such
                 (
                 will
                 some
                 say
                 )
                 how
                 should
                 we
                 haue
                 crooked
                 wood
                 for
                 wheeles
                 ,
                 co●r●s
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Answ.
                 Dresse
                 all
                 you
                 can
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 enough
                 crooked
                 for
                 those
                 vses
                 .
              
               
                 More
                 than
                 this
                 ,
                 in
                 most
                 places
                 ,
                 they
                 grow
                 so
                 thicke
                 ,
                 that
                 neither
                 themselues
                 ,
                 nor
                 earth
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 thing
                 vnder
                 or
                 neere
                 them
                 can
                 thriue
                 ,
                 nor
                 Sunne
                 ,
                 nor
                 raine
                 ,
                 nor
                 ●ire
                 can
                 doe
                 them
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 thing
                 neere
                 or
                 vnder
                 them
                 any
                 profit
                 or
                 comfort
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 see
                 a
                 number
                 of
                 H●gs
                 ,
                 where
                 out
                 of
                 one
                 roote
                 you
                 shall
                 see
                 three
                 or
                 foure
                 (
                 nay
                 more
                 )
                 such
                 as
                 mens
                 vns●ilfull
                 greedinesse
                 ,
                 who
                 desiring
                 many
                 haue
                 ●ore
                 good
                 )
                 pretty
                 Okes
                 or
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 straight
                 and
                 tall
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 root
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 shoote
                 giues
                 sap
                 amaine
                 :
                 but
                 if
                 one
                 onely
                 of
                 them
                 might
                 bee
                 suffered
                 to
                 grow
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 well
                 and
                 cleanely
                 pruned
                 ,
                 all
                 to
                 his
                 very
                 top
                 ,
                 what
                 a
                 tree
                 should
                 we
                 haue
                 in
                 time
                 ?
                 And
                 we
                 see
                 by
                 those
                 rootes
                 continually
                 and
                 plentifully
                 springing
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 so
                 deadly
                 wounded
                 .
                 What
                 a
                 commodity
                 should
                 arise
                 to
                 the
                 owner
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 ,
                 if
                 wood
                 were
                 cherished
                 ,
                 and
                 orderly
                 dressed
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 wast
                 boughes
                 closely
                 and
                 skilfully
                 taken
                 away
                 ,
                 
                 would
                 giue
                 vs
                 store
                 of
                 fences
                 and
                 fewell
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 bulke
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 in
                 time
                 would
                 grow
                 of
                 huge
                 length
                 and
                 bignes
                 .
                 But
                 here
                 (
                 me
                 thinkes
                 )
                 I
                 heare
                 an
                 vnskilfull
                 Arborist
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 trees
                 haue
                 their
                 seuerall
                 formes
                 ,
                 euen
                 by
                 nature
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 Peare
                 ,
                 the
                 Holly
                 ,
                 the
                 Aspe
                 ,
                 &c.
                 grow
                 long
                 in
                 bulke
                 with
                 few
                 and
                 little
                 armes
                 ,
                 the
                 Oke
                 by
                 nature
                 broad
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 .
                 All
                 this
                 I
                 graunt
                 :
                 but
                 grant
                 me
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 profitable
                 end
                 ,
                 and
                 vse
                 of
                 euery
                 tree
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 i●
                 it
                 decline
                 (
                 though
                 by
                 nature
                 )
                 yet
                 man
                 by
                 art
                 may
                 (
                 nay
                 must
                 )
                 correct
                 it
                 .
                 
                 Now
                 other
                 end
                 of
                 trees
                 I
                 neuer
                 could
                 learne
                 ,
                 than
                 good
                 timber
                 ,
                 fruit
                 much
                 and
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 pleasure
                 .
                 Vses
                 physicall
                 hinder
                 nothing
                 a
                 good
                 forme
                 .
              
               
                 Neither
                 let
                 any
                 man
                 euer
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 thinke
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 vnprobable
                 ,
                 
                 much
                 lesse
                 vnpossible
                 ,
                 to
                 refo●me
                 any
                 tree
                 of
                 what
                 kind
                 soeuer
                 .
                 For
                 (
                 beleeue
                 me
                 )
                 I
                 haue
                 tried
                 it
                 ,
                 I
                 can
                 bring
                 any
                 tree
                 (
                 beginning
                 by
                 time
                 )
                 to
                 any
                 forme
                 .
                 The
                 peare
                 and
                 holly
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 to
                 spread
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Oke
                 to
                 close
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 why
                 do
                 I
                 wander
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 compasse
                 of
                 mine
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 Forrests
                 and
                 Woods
                 ?
                 Neither
                 yet
                 am
                 I
                 from
                 my
                 purpose
                 ,
                 if
                 boales
                 of
                 timber
                 trees
                 stand
                 in
                 need
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 sap
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 great
                 and
                 straigh●
                 (
                 for
                 strong
                 growth
                 and
                 dressing
                 makes
                 strong
                 trees
                 )
                 then
                 it
                 must
                 needes
                 be
                 profitable
                 for
                 fruit
                 (
                 a
                 thing
                 more
                 immediately
                 seruing
                 a
                 mans
                 need
                 )
                 to
                 haue
                 all
                 the
                 sap
                 his
                 roote
                 can
                 yeeld
                 :
                 
                 for
                 as
                 timber
                 sound
                 ,
                 great
                 and
                 long
                 ,
                 is
                 
                   the
                   good
                   of
                   timber
                   trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 beare
                 no
                 fruite
                 of
                 worth
                 :
                 so
                 fruit
                 ,
                 good
                 ,
                 sound
                 ,
                 pleasant
                 ,
                 great
                 and
                 much
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 fruit-trees
                 .
                 That
                 gardner
                 therefore
                 shall
                 performe
                 his
                 duty
                 skilfully
                 and
                 faithfully
                 ,
                 which
                 sha●l
                 so
                 dresse
                 his
                 trees
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 beare
                 such
                 and
                 such
                 store
                 of
                 fruit
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 shall
                 neuer
                 do
                 (
                 dare
                 vndertake
                 )
                 vnlesse
                 he
                 keepe
                 this
                 order
                 in
                 dressing
                 his
                 trees
                 .
              
               
                 
                 A
                 fruit-tree
                 so
                 standing
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 need
                 none
                 other
                 end
                 of
                 dressing
                 b●t
                 fruit
                 (
                 not
                 ornaments
                 for
                 walkes
                 ,
                 nor
                 delight
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 would
                 please
                 their
                 eye
                 onely
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 
                 the
                 b●st
                 forme
                 ca●not
                 but
                 both
                 adorne
                 an●
                 d●light
                 )
                 must
                 be
                 parted
                 from
                 wi●hin
                 two
                 foote
                 ,
                 or
                 thereabouts
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 so
                 high
                 to
                 giue
                 liberty
                 to
                 dresse
                 his
                 roote
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 higher
                 ,
                 for
                 drinking
                 vp
                 the
                 sap
                 that
                 should
                 f●ede
                 his
                 fruit
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 boale
                 will
                 be
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 best
                 serued
                 and
                 fed
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 is
                 next
                 the
                 roote
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 gre●●est
                 waxe
                 and
                 substance
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 makes
                 him
                 longest
                 of
                 life
                 ,
                 into
                 two
                 ,
                 three
                 ,
                 or
                 foure
                 armes
                 ,
                 as
                 your
                 stocke
                 or
                 graff●s
                 yeelde
                 twigs
                 ,
                 and
                 euery
                 arme
                 into
                 two
                 or
                 more
                 bran●hes
                 ,
                 and
                 euery
                 branch
                 into
                 his
                 seuerall
                 Cyons
                 ,
                 still
                 spre●ding
                 by
                 equ●ll
                 degrees
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 his
                 lowest
                 spray
                 be
                 hardly
                 without
                 the
                 reach
                 of
                 a
                 mans
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 highest
                 be
                 not
                 past
                 two
                 yards
                 higher
                 ,
                 rar●ly
                 (
                 especially
                 in
                 the
                 middest
                 )
                 that
                 no
                 one
                 twig
                 touch
                 his
                 fellow
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 spread
                 as
                 farre
                 as
                 he
                 list
                 without
                 his
                 maister-bough
                 ,
                 or
                 ●op
                 ●qually
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 any
                 bough
                 doth
                 grow
                 sadder
                 and
                 fall
                 lower
                 ,
                 than
                 his
                 fellowes
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 will
                 with
                 weight
                 of
                 fruite
                 )
                 ease
                 him
                 the
                 next
                 spring
                 of
                 his
                 superfluous
                 twigs
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 will
                 ri●e
                 :
                 when
                 any
                 bough
                 or
                 spray
                 shall
                 amount
                 aboue
                 the
                 rest
                 ;
                 either
                 snub
                 his
                 top
                 with
                 a
                 nip
                 be●wixt
                 your
                 finger
                 and
                 your
                 thumbe
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 a
                 sharpe
                 knife
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 him
                 cleane
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 you
                 may
                 vse
                 any
                 Cyon
                 you
                 would
                 reforme
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 your
                 tree
                 shall
                 grow
                 in
                 stature
                 and
                 st●ength
                 ,
                 so
                 let
                 him
                 rise
                 with
                 his
                 tops
                 ,
                 but
                 flowly
                 ,
                 and
                 e●rely
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 the
                 middest
                 ,
                 and
                 equally
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 bredth
                 also
                 ,
                 and
                 follow
                 him
                 vpward
                 with
                 lopping
                 hi●
                 vnder
                 growth
                 and
                 water
                 boughes
                 ,
                 keeping
                 the
                 s●me
                 distance
                 of
                 two
                 yards
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 aboue
                 three
                 in
                 any
                 wise
                 ,
                 betwixt
                 the
                 lowest
                 and
                 the
                 highest
                 twigs
                 .
              
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   Thus
                   you
                   shall
                   haue
                   well
                   liking
                   ,
                   
                   cleane
                   skind
                   ,
                   healthfull
                   great
                   ,
                   and
                   long-lasting
                   trees
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Thus
                   shall
                   your
                   tree
                   grow
                   low
                   ,
                   and
                   safe
                   from
                   winds
                   ,
                   for
                   his
                   top
                   will
                   be
                   great
                   ,
                   broad
                   and
                   weighty
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   3.
                   
                   Thus
                   growing
                   broad
                   ,
                   shall
                   your
                   trees
                   beare
                   much
                   fruit
                   (
                   I
                   dare
                   say
                   )
                   one
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   sixe
                   of
                   your
                   common
                   trees
                   ,
                   and
                   good
                   without
                   shadowing
                   ,
                   dropping
                   and
                   fretting
                   :
                   for
                   his
                   boughes
                   ,
                   branches
                   ,
                   and
                   twigs
                   shal
                   be
                   many
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   are
                   they
                   (
                   not
                   the
                   boale
                   )
                   which
                   beare
                   the
                   fruit
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   Thus
                   shall
                   your
                   boale
                   being
                   little
                   (
                   not
                   small
                   but
                   low
                   )
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   his
                   shortnesse
                   ,
                   take
                   little
                   ,
                   and
                   yeeld
                   much
                   sap
                   to
                   the
                   fruit
                   .
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   Thus
                   your
                   trees
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   strength
                   in
                   time
                   of
                   setting
                   shall
                   put
                   forth
                   more
                   blossomes
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   fruite
                   ,
                   being
                   free
                   from
                   taints
                   ;
                   for
                   strength
                   is
                   a
                   great
                   helpe
                   to
                   bring
                   forth
                   much
                   and
                   safely
                   ,
                   whereas
                   weakenesse
                   failes
                   in
                   setting
                   though
                   the
                   season
                   be
                   calme
                   .
                
              
               
                 Some
                 vse
                 to
                 bare
                 trees
                 rootes
                 in
                 Winter
                 ,
                 to
                 stay
                 the
                 setting
                 til
                 hotter
                 seasons
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 discommend
                 ,
                 because
                 ,
                 
                   
                     1.
                     
                     They
                     hurt
                     the
                     rootes
                     .
                  
                   
                     2.
                     
                     It
                     stayes
                     it
                     nothing
                     at
                     al
                  
                   
                     3.
                     
                     Though
                     it
                     did
                     ,
                     being
                     small
                     ,
                     with
                     vs
                     in
                     the
                     North
                     ,
                     they
                     haue
                     their
                     part
                     of
                     our
                     Aprill
                     and
                     Mayes
                     frosts
                     .
                  
                   
                     4.
                     
                     Hinderance
                     cannot
                     profit
                     weake
                     trees
                     in
                     setting
                     .
                  
                   
                     5.
                     
                     They
                     wast
                     much
                     labour
                     .
                  
                   
                     6.
                     
                     Thus
                     shall
                     your
                     tree
                     be
                     easie
                     to
                     dresse
                     ,
                     and
                     without
                     danger
                     ,
                     either
                     to
                     the
                     tree
                     or
                     the
                     dresser
                     .
                  
                   
                     7.
                     
                     Thus
                     may
                     you
                     safely
                     and
                     easily
                     gather
                     your
                     fruite
                     without
                     falling
                     ,
                     bruising
                     or
                     breaking
                     of
                     Cyons
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 forme
                 of
                 a
                 fruit
                 tree
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 haue
                 here
                 onely
                 shadowed
                 out
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 capacity
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 are
                 led
                 more
                 with
                 the
                 eye
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 mind
                 ,
                 crauing
                 pardon
                 for
                 the
                 deformity
                 ,
                 because
                 I
                 am
                 nothing
                 skilfull
                 either
                 in
                 painting
                 or
                 caruing
                 .
              
               
                 Imagine
                 that
                 the
                 paper
                 makes
                 but
                 one
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 to
                 appeare
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 round
                 compasse
                 will
                 giue
                 leaue
                 for
                 many
                 more
                 armes
                 ,
                 boughes
                 ,
                 branches
                 ,
                 and
                 Cyons
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   perfect
                   forme
                   of
                   a
                   Fruit-tree
                   .
                
              
               
                 If
                 any
                 thinke
                 a
                 tree
                 cannot
                 well
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 this
                 forme
                 :
                 
                   Experto
                   crede
                   Roberto
                
                 ,
                 I
                 can
                 shew
                 diuers
                 of
                 them
                 vnder
                 twenty
                 yeeres
                 of
                 age
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 fittest
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Moone
                 for
                 proyning
                 is
                 as
                 of
                 grafting
                 ,
                 
                 when
                 the
                 sap
                 is
                 ready
                 to
                 stirre
                 (
                 not
                 proudly
                 stirring
                 )
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 couer
                 the
                 wound
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 yeere
                 ,
                 a
                 moneth
                 before
                 (
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 when
                 )
                 you
                 graffe
                 .
                 Dresse
                 Peares
                 ,
                 Apricocks
                 ,
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 Cherries
                 ,
                 and
                 Bullys
                 sooner
                 .
                 And
                 old
                 trees
                 before
                 young
                 plants
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 dresse
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 betwixt
                 Leafe
                 and
                 Leafe
                 .
                 And
                 note
                 ,
                 where
                 you
                 take
                 any
                 thing
                 away
                 ,
                 the
                 sap
                 the
                 next
                 Summer
                 will
                 be
                 putting
                 :
                 be
                 sure
                 therefore
                 when
                 he
                 puts
                 a
                 bud
                 in
                 any
                 place
                 where
                 you
                 would
                 not
                 haue
                 him
                 ,
                 rub
                 it
                 off
                 with
                 your
                 finger
                 .
              
               
               
                 And
                 here
                 you
                 must
                 remember
                 the
                 common
                 homely
                 Prouerbe
                 :
                 
                 
                   
                     Soone
                     crookes
                     the
                     Tree
                     ,
                  
                   
                     That
                     good
                     Camrell
                     must
                     be
                     .
                  
                
                 Beginne
                 betime
                 with
                 trees
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 what
                 you
                 list
                 :
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 let
                 them
                 grow
                 great
                 and
                 stubborne
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 do
                 as
                 the
                 trees
                 list
                 .
                 They
                 will
                 not
                 bend
                 but
                 breake
                 ,
                 nor
                 bee
                 wound
                 without
                 danger
                 .
                 A
                 small
                 branch
                 will
                 become
                 a
                 bough
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 bough
                 an
                 arme
                 in
                 bignesse
                 .
                 Then
                 if
                 you
                 cut
                 him
                 ,
                 his
                 wound
                 will
                 fester
                 ,
                 and
                 hardly
                 ,
                 without
                 good
                 skill
                 ,
                 
                 recouer
                 :
                 therefore
                 ,
                 
                   Obsta
                   principijs
                
                 .
                 Of
                 such
                 wounds
                 ,
                 and
                 lesser
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 bough
                 cut
                 off
                 a
                 handfull
                 or
                 more
                 from
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 comes
                 hollowness
                 ,
                 and
                 vntimely
                 death
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 when
                 you
                 cut
                 ,
                 strik
                 close
                 ,
                 and
                 cleane
                 ,
                 and
                 vpward
                 ,
                 and
                 leaue
                 no
                 bunch
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 forme
                 in
                 some
                 cases
                 sometimes
                 may
                 be
                 altered
                 :
                 If
                 your
                 tree
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 trees
                 ,
                 stand
                 neere
                 your
                 Walkes
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 please
                 your
                 fancy
                 more
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 not
                 breake
                 ,
                 till
                 his
                 boale
                 be
                 aboue
                 you
                 h●●ad
                 :
                 so
                 may
                 you
                 walke
                 vnder
                 your
                 trees
                 at
                 your
                 pleasure
                 .
                 Or
                 if
                 you
                 set
                 your
                 fruit-trees
                 for
                 your
                 shades
                 in
                 your
                 Groues
                 ,
                 then
                 I
                 ●espect
                 not
                 the
                 forme
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 comelinesse
                 of
                 the
                 walke
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 this
                 hitherto
                 spoken
                 of
                 dr●ssing
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 vnderstood
                 of
                 young
                 plants
                 ,
                 
                 to
                 be
                 formed
                 :
                 it
                 is
                 meete
                 somewhat
                 be
                 sayd
                 for
                 the
                 inst●uction
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 haue
                 olde
                 trees
                 already
                 formed
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 deformed
                 :
                 for
                 ,
                 
                   Malum
                   non
                   vitatur
                   nisi
                   cognitum
                
                 .
                 The
                 faults
                 therefore
                 of
                 a
                 disordered
                 tree
                 ,
                 I
                 find
                 to
                 be
                 fiue
                 :
                 
                   
                     
                     1.
                     
                     An
                     vnprofitable
                     bo●l●
                     .
                  
                   
                     2.
                     
                     Water-boughes
                     .
                  
                   
                     3.
                     
                     Fretters
                     .
                  
                   
                     4.
                     
                     Suckers
                     :
                     And
                     ,
                  
                   
                     5.
                     
                     One
                     principall
                     top
                     .
                  
                
              
               
               
                 A
                 long
                 boale
                 asketh
                 much
                 ●eeding
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 more
                 he
                 hath
                 the
                 more
                 he
                 desires
                 ,
                 1
                 and
                 gets
                 (
                 as
                 a
                 drunken
                 man
                 drinke
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 couetuous
                 man
                 wealth
                 )
                 and
                 the
                 lesse
                 remaines
                 for
                 the
                 fruit
                 ,
                 he
                 puts
                 his
                 boughes
                 into
                 the
                 aire
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 it selfe
                 more
                 dangered
                 with
                 windes
                 :
                 
                 for
                 this
                 I
                 know
                 no
                 remedy
                 ,
                 after
                 that
                 the
                 tree
                 is
                 come
                 to
                 growth
                 ,
                 once
                 euill
                 ,
                 neuer
                 good
                 .
              
               
                 Water
                 boughes
                 ,
                 2
                 or
                 vndergrowth
                 ,
                 are
                 such
                 boughes
                 as
                 grow
                 low
                 vnder
                 others
                 and
                 are
                 by
                 them
                 ouergrowne
                 ,
                 ouershadowed
                 ,
                 dropped
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 pinde
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 plenty
                 of
                 sap
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 meanes
                 in
                 time
                 die
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 sap
                 presseth
                 vpward
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 like
                 water
                 in
                 her
                 course
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 findeth
                 most
                 issue
                 ,
                 thither
                 it
                 floweth
                 ,
                 leauing
                 the
                 other
                 lesser
                 sluces
                 dry
                 :
                 euen
                 as
                 wealth
                 to
                 wealth
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 to
                 more
                 .
                 These
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 they
                 beare
                 ,
                 they
                 beare
                 lesse
                 ,
                 worse
                 ,
                 and
                 fewer
                 fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 waterish
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 remedy
                 is
                 easie
                 ,
                 
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 growne
                 greater
                 then
                 your
                 arme
                 .
                 Lop
                 them
                 close
                 and
                 cleane
                 ,
                 and
                 couer
                 the
                 mid●l
                 of
                 the
                 wound
                 ,
                 the
                 next
                 Summer
                 when
                 he
                 is
                 dry
                 ,
                 
                 with
                 a
                 salue
                 made
                 of
                 tallow
                 ,
                 tarre
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 pitch
                 ,
                 good
                 for
                 the
                 couering
                 of
                 any
                 such
                 wound
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 tree
                 :
                 vnl●sse
                 it
                 be
                 barke-pild
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 sear-cloath
                 of
                 fresh
                 Butter
                 ,
                 Hony
                 ,
                 and
                 Waxe
                 ,
                 presently
                 (
                 while
                 the
                 wound
                 is
                 greene
                 )
                 applyed
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 soueraigne
                 remedy
                 in
                 Summer
                 especially
                 .
                 Some
                 bind
                 such
                 wounds
                 with
                 a
                 thumbe
                 rope
                 of
                 Hay
                 ,
                 mo●st
                 ,
                 and
                 rub
                 it
                 with
                 dung
                 .
              
               
                 Fretters
                 are
                 ,
                 when
                 as
                 by
                 the
                 negligence
                 of
                 the
                 Gardner
                 ,
                 two
                 or
                 moe
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 of
                 diuers
                 trees
                 ,
                 as
                 armes
                 ,
                 boughes
                 ,
                 branches
                 ,
                 or
                 twigs
                 ,
                 grow
                 so
                 neere
                 and
                 close
                 together
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 by
                 rubbing
                 ,
                 doth
                 wound
                 another
                 .
                 This
                 fault
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 shewes
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 skill
                 or
                 care
                 (
                 at
                 least
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 Arborist
                 :
                 
                 for
                 here
                 the
                 hurt
                 is
                 apparant
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 remedy
                 easie
                 ,
                 
                 seene
                 to
                 betime
                 :
                 galls
                 
                 and
                 wounds
                 incurable
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 taking
                 away
                 those
                 members
                 :
                 for
                 let
                 them
                 grow
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 worse
                 and
                 worse
                 ,
                 &
                 so
                 kill
                 themselues
                 with
                 ciuill
                 strife
                 for
                 roomth
                 ,
                 and
                 danger
                 the
                 whole
                 tree
                 Auoide
                 them
                 betime
                 therefore
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 common
                 wealth
                 doth
                 bosome
                 enemies
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Sucker
                 is
                 a
                 long
                 ,
                 proud
                 ,
                 and
                 disorderly
                 Cyon
                 ,
                 growing
                 straight
                 vp
                 (
                 for
                 pride
                 of
                 sap
                 makes
                 proud
                 ,
                 
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 str●ight
                 growth
                 )
                 out
                 of
                 any
                 lower
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 ,
                 receiuing
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 sap
                 ,
                 and
                 bearing
                 no
                 fruit
                 ,
                 till
                 it
                 haue
                 tyrannized
                 ouer
                 the
                 whole
                 tree
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 like
                 idle
                 and
                 great
                 Dro●es
                 amongst
                 Bees
                 ;
                 and
                 proud
                 and
                 idle
                 members
                 in
                 a
                 common
                 wealth
                 .
              
               
                 
                 The
                 remedy
                 of
                 this
                 is
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 water-boughes
                 ,
                 vnlesse
                 he
                 be
                 growne
                 greater
                 then
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 boughs
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 your
                 Gardner
                 (
                 at
                 your
                 discretion
                 )
                 may
                 leaue
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 boale
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 away
                 all
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 If
                 he
                 be
                 little
                 ,
                 slip
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 him
                 ,
                 perhaps
                 he
                 will
                 take
                 :
                 my
                 fairest
                 Apple-tree
                 was
                 such
                 a
                 Slip.
                 
              
               
                 One
                 or
                 two
                 prin●ipall
                 top
                 boughes
                 are
                 as
                 euill
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 Suckers
                 ,
                 they
                 rise
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 cause
                 ,
                 and
                 receiue
                 the
                 same
                 remedy
                 :
                 yet
                 these
                 are
                 more
                 tolerable
                 ,
                 because
                 these
                 beare
                 fruit
                 ,
                 yea
                 the
                 best
                 :
                 but
                 Suckers
                 of
                 long
                 doe
                 not
                 beare
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 how
                 your
                 tree
                 should
                 be
                 faulty
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 reforme
                 all
                 your
                 vices
                 timely
                 ,
                 and
                 orderly
                 .
                 As
                 these
                 rules
                 serue
                 for
                 dressing
                 young
                 trees
                 and
                 sets
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 planting
                 :
                 
                 so
                 may
                 they
                 well
                 serue
                 to
                 helpe
                 old
                 trees
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 exactly
                 to
                 recouer
                 them
                 .
              
               
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 12.
                 
                 Of
                 Foyling
                 .
              
               
                 THere
                 is
                 one
                 thing
                 yet
                 very
                 necessary
                 for
                 make
                 your
                 Orchard
                 both
                 better
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 more
                 lasting
                 :
                 Yea
                 ,
                 so
                 necessary
                 ,
                 that
                 without
                 it
                 your
                 Orchard
                 cannot
                 last
                 ,
                 nor
                 prosper
                 long
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 neglected
                 generally
                 both
                 in
                 precepts
                 and
                 in
                 practise
                 ,
                 viz.
                 manuring
                 with
                 Foile
                 :
                 whereby
                 it
                 hapneth
                 that
                 when
                 trees
                 (
                 amongst
                 other
                 euils
                 )
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 fatnesse
                 to
                 feed
                 them
                 ,
                 become
                 mossie
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 their
                 growth
                 are
                 euill
                 (
                 or
                 not
                 )
                 thriuing
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 either
                 attributed
                 to
                 some
                 wrong
                 cause
                 ,
                 as
                 age
                 (
                 when
                 indeed
                 they
                 are
                 but
                 young
                 )
                 or
                 euill
                 standing
                 (
                 stand
                 they
                 neuer
                 so
                 well
                 )
                 or
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 the
                 cause
                 is
                 altogether
                 vnknowne
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 not
                 amended
                 .
              
               
                 Can
                 there
                 be
                 deuised
                 any
                 way
                 by
                 nature
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 art
                 ,
                 sooner
                 or
                 soundlier
                 to
                 seeke
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 away
                 the
                 heart
                 and
                 strength
                 of
                 earth
                 ,
                 then
                 by
                 great
                 trees
                 ?
                 Such
                 great
                 bodies
                 cannot
                 be
                 sustained
                 without
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 sap
                 .
                 What
                 liuing
                 
                 body
                 haue
                 you
                 greater
                 then
                 of
                 trees
                 ?
                 The
                 great
                 Sea
                 monsters
                 (
                 whereof
                 one
                 came
                 a
                 land
                 at
                 Teesmouth
                 in
                 Yorkeshire
                 ,
                 hard
                 by
                 vs
                 ,
                 18.
                 yards
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 neere
                 as
                 much
                 in
                 compasse
                 )
                 seeme
                 hideous
                 ,
                 
                 huge
                 ,
                 strange
                 ,
                 and
                 monstrous
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 be
                 indeed
                 great
                 :
                 but
                 especially
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 seldome
                 seene
                 :
                 But
                 a
                 tree
                 li●ing
                 ,
                 come
                 to
                 his
                 growth
                 and
                 age
                 ,
                 twice
                 that
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 bulke
                 neuer
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 besides
                 his
                 other
                 parts
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 admired
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 is
                 so
                 commonly
                 seene
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 doubt
                 not
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 well
                 regarded
                 from
                 his
                 kirnell
                 ,
                 by
                 succeeding
                 ages
                 ,
                 to
                 his
                 full
                 strength
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 would
                 double
                 their
                 measure
                 .
                 About
                 fifty
                 yeeres
                 agoe
                 I
                 heard
                 by
                 credible
                 and
                 constant
                 report
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 Brooham
                 Parke
                 in
                 
                   West
                   more-land
                
                 ,
                 neere
                 vnto
                 Penrith
                 ,
                 there
                 lay
                 a
                 blowne
                 Oake
                 ,
                 whose
                 trunke
                 was
                 so
                 bigge
                 ,
                 that
                 two
                 Horse
                 men
                 being
                 the
                 one
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 one
                 see
                 another
                 :
                 to
                 which
                 if
                 you
                 adde
                 his
                 armes
                 ,
                 boughs
                 ,
                 and
                 roots
                 ,
                 and
                 consider
                 of
                 his
                 bignesse
                 ,
                 what
                 would
                 he
                 haue
                 been
                 ,
                 if
                 preserued
                 to
                 the
                 vantage
                 .
                 Also
                 I
                 read
                 in
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 West-Indians
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 
                   Peter
                   Martyr
                
                 ,
                 that
                 sixteene
                 men
                 taking
                 hands
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 fathome
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 trees
                 about
                 .
                 Now
                 Nature
                 hauing
                 giuen
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 faculty
                 by
                 large
                 and
                 infinite
                 roots●
                 taws
                 and
                 tang●es
                 ,
                 to
                 draw
                 immediately
                 his
                 sustenance
                 from
                 our
                 common
                 mother
                 the
                 Earth
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 like
                 in
                 this
                 point
                 to
                 all
                 other
                 mothers
                 that
                 beare
                 )
                 hath
                 also
                 ordained
                 that
                 the
                 tree
                 ouer
                 loden
                 with
                 fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 wanting
                 sap
                 to
                 feed
                 all
                 she
                 hath
                 brought
                 forth
                 ,
                 will
                 waine
                 all
                 she
                 cannot
                 feed
                 ,
                 like
                 a
                 woman
                 bringing
                 forth
                 moe
                 children
                 at
                 once
                 then
                 she
                 hath
                 teats
                 .
                 See
                 you
                 not
                 how
                 trees
                 especially
                 ,
                 by
                 kind
                 being
                 great
                 ,
                 standing
                 so
                 thicke
                 and
                 close
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 cannot
                 get
                 plenty
                 of
                 sap
                 ,
                 pine
                 away
                 all
                 the
                 grasse
                 ,
                 
                 weeds
                 ,
                 lesser
                 shrubs
                 ,
                 and
                 trees
                 ,
                 yea
                 and
                 themselues
                 also
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 vigor
                 of
                 sap
                 ?
                 So
                 that
                 trees
                 growing
                 large
                 ,
                 sucking
                 the
                 soile
                 whereon
                 they
                 stand
                 ,
                 continually
                 ,
                 and
                 amaine
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 foyzon
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 that
                 feeds
                 them
                 decaying
                 (
                 for
                 what
                 is
                 there
                 that
                 wastes
                 cotinually
                 ,
                 that
                 sha●l
                 not
                 haue
                 end
                 ?
                 )
                 must
                 either
                 haue
                 supply
                 of
                 sucker
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 leaue
                 thriuing
                 and
                 growing
                 .
                 Some
                 grounds
                 will
                 beare
                 Corne
                 while
                 they
                 be
                 new
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 longer
                 ,
                 because
                 their
                 crust
                 is
                 shollow
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 very
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 lying
                 they
                 s●ind
                 and
                 wash
                 ,
                 and
                 become
                 barren
                 .
                 The
                 ordinary
                 Corne
                 soiles
                 continue
                 not
                 ferti●e
                 ,
                 with
                 following
                 and
                 foyling
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 requires
                 supply
                 ,
                 euen
                 for
                 the
                 little
                 body
                 of
                 Corne.
                 How
                 then
                 can
                 we
                 thinke
                 that
                 any
                 ground
                 (
                 how
                 good
                 soeuer
                 )
                 can
                 sustaine
                 bodies
                 of
                 such
                 greatnesse
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 great
                 feeding
                 ,
                 without
                 great
                 plenty
                 of
                 Sap
                 arising
                 from
                 good
                 earth
                 ?
                 This
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 chiefe
                 causes
                 ,
                 why
                 so
                 many
                 of
                 our
                 Orchards
                 in
                 England
                 are
                 so
                 euill
                 thriuing
                 when
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 growth
                 ,
                 and
                 our
                 fruit
                 so
                 bad
                 .
                 Men
                 are
                 loth
                 to
                 bestow
                 much
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 desire
                 much
                 fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 neither
                 set
                 their
                 trees
                 in
                 sufficient
                 compasse
                 ,
                 nor
                 yet
                 feed
                 them
                 with
                 manure
                 .
                 Therefore
                 of
                 necessity
                 Orchards
                 must
                 be
                 foiled
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 fittest
                 time
                 is
                 ,
                 
                 when
                 your
                 trees
                 are
                 growne
                 great
                 ,
                 and
                 haue
                 neere
                 hand
                 spread
                 your
                 earth
                 ,
                 wanting
                 new
                 earth
                 to
                 sustaine
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 they
                 doe
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 seeke
                 abroad
                 for
                 better
                 earth
                 ,
                 and
                 shun
                 that
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 barren
                 (
                 if
                 they
                 find
                 better
                 )
                 as
                 cattell
                 euill
                 pasturing
                 .
                 For
                 nature
                 hath
                 taught
                 euery
                 creature
                 to
                 desire
                 and
                 seeke
                 his
                 owne
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 auoid
                 hurt
                 .
                 The
                 best
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 yeere
                 is
                 at
                 the
                 Fall
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Frost
                 may
                 b●●e
                 and
                 make
                 it
                 tender
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Raine
                 wash
                 it
                 i●to
                 the
                 roots
                 .
                 The
                 Summer
                 time
                 is
                 perillous
                 if
                 ye
                 digge
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 sap
                 〈◊〉
                 amaine
                 .
                 The
                 best
                 kind
                 of
                 Foile
                 is
                 such
                 as
                 is
                 fat
                 ,
                 
                 hot
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 tender
                 .
                 Your
                 earth
                 must
                 be
                 but
                 lightly
                 opened
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 d●ng
                 may
                 goe
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 wash
                 away
                 ;
                 and
                 but
                 shallow
                 ,
                 lest
                 you
                 hurt
                 the
                 roots
                 :
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 closely
                 and
                 equally
                 made
                 plaine
                 againe
                 for
                 f●are
                 of
                 Suckers
                 .
                 I
                 could
                 wish
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 my
                 trees
                 haue
                 fully
                 possessed
                 the
                 soile
                 of
                 mine
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 that
                 euery
                 seuen
                 yeeres
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 the
                 soile
                 were
                 bespread
                 with
                 dung
                 halfe
                 a
                 foot
                 thicke
                 at
                 least
                 .
                 Puddle
                 water
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 dunghill
                 powred
                 on
                 plentifully
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 onely
                 moisten
                 but
                 fatten
                 especially
                 in
                 Iune
                 and
                 Iuly
                 .
                 If
                 it
                 be
                 thicke
                 and
                 fat
                 ,
                 and
                 applied
                 euery
                 yeere
                 ,
                 your
                 Orchard
                 shall
                 need
                 none
                 other
                 foiling
                 .
                 Your
                 ground
                 may
                 lye
                 so
                 low
                 at
                 the
                 Riuer
                 side
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 floud
                 standing
                 some
                 daies
                 and
                 nights
                 thereon
                 ,
                 shall
                 saue
                 you
                 all
                 this
                 labour
                 of
                 foiling
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 13.
                 
                 Of
                 Annoyances
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Chiefe
                 helpe
                 to
                 make
                 euery
                 thing
                 good
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 auoid
                 the
                 euils
                 thereof
                 :
                 you
                 shall
                 neuer
                 attaine
                 to
                 that
                 good
                 of
                 your
                 Orchard
                 you
                 looke
                 for
                 ,
                 vnlesse
                 you
                 haue
                 a
                 Gardner
                 ,
                 that
                 can
                 discerne
                 the
                 diseases
                 of
                 your
                 trees
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 annoyances
                 of
                 your
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 and
                 find
                 out
                 the
                 causes
                 thereof
                 ,
                 and
                 know
                 &
                 apply
                 fit
                 remedies
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 For
                 be
                 your
                 ground
                 ,
                 site
                 ,
                 plants
                 ,
                 and
                 trees
                 as
                 you
                 would
                 wish
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 wasted
                 with
                 hurtfull
                 things
                 ,
                 what
                 haue
                 you
                 gained
                 but
                 your
                 labour
                 for
                 your
                 trauell
                 ?
                 It
                 is
                 with
                 an
                 Orchard
                 and
                 euery
                 tree
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 mans
                 body
                 .
                 The
                 best
                 part
                 of
                 physicke
                 for
                 preseruation
                 of
                 health
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 foresee
                 and
                 cure
                 diseases
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 the
                 diseases
                 of
                 an
                 Orchard
                 are
                 of
                 two
                 sorts
                 ,
                 either
                 internall
                 or
                 externall
                 .
                 
                 I
                 call
                 those
                 inward
                 hurts
                 which
                 breed
                 on
                 and
                 in
                 particular
                 trees
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   1
                   Galles
                   .
                
                 
                   2
                   Canker
                   .
                
                 
                   3
                   Mosse
                   .
                
                 
                   4
                   Weaknes
                   in
                   setting
                   .
                
                 
                   5
                   Barke
                   bound
                   .
                
                 
                   6
                   Barke
                   pild
                   .
                
                 
                   7
                   Worme
                   .
                
                 
                   8
                   Deadly
                   wounds
                   .
                
              
               
                 Galles
                 ,
                 
                 Canker
                 ,
                 Mosse
                 ,
                 weaknes
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 be
                 diuers
                 diseases
                 :
                 yet
                 (
                 howsouer
                 Authors
                 thinke
                 otherwise
                 )
                 they
                 rise
                 all
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 cause
                 .
              
               
                 Galles
                 we
                 haue
                 described
                 with
                 their
                 cause
                 and
                 remedy
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 11.
                 
                 Chapter
                 vnder
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 fretters
                 .
              
               
                 Canker
                 is
                 the
                 consumption
                 of
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 ,
                 barke
                 and
                 wood
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 also
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 is
                 deceiphered
                 vnder
                 the
                 title
                 of
                 water-boughes
                 .
              
               
                 Mosse
                 is
                 sensibly
                 seene
                 and
                 knowne
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 the
                 cause
                 is
                 pointed
                 out
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Chapter
                 ,
                 
                 in
                 the
                 discourse
                 of
                 timber-wood
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 also
                 the
                 remedy
                 :
                 but
                 for
                 Mosse
                 adde
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 in
                 summer
                 (
                 the
                 Spring
                 is
                 best
                 )
                 when
                 the
                 cause
                 is
                 remoued
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Harecloth
                 ,
                 immediatly
                 after
                 a
                 showre
                 of
                 raine
                 ,
                 rub
                 off
                 your
                 Mosse
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 a
                 peece
                 of
                 weed
                 (
                 if
                 the
                 Mosse
                 abound
                 )
                 formed
                 like
                 a
                 great
                 knife
                 .
              
               
                 Weaknesse
                 in
                 the
                 setting
                 of
                 your
                 fruit
                 shall
                 you
                 finde
                 there
                 also
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Chapter
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 his
                 remedy
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 flow
                 from
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 roomth
                 in
                 good
                 soile
                 ,
                 wrong
                 planting
                 ,
                 Chap.
                 7.
                 and
                 euill
                 or
                 no
                 dressing
                 .
              
               
                 Bark-bound
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 thinke
                 )
                 riseth
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 cause
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 ,
                 
                 &
                 present
                 remedy
                 (
                 the
                 causes
                 being
                 taken
                 away
                 )
                 is
                 with
                 your
                 sharpe
                 knife
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 length-way
                 to
                 launch
                 his
                 bark
                 throughout
                 ,
                 on
                 3.
                 or
                 4.
                 sides
                 of
                 his
                 boale
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 disease
                 called
                 the
                 Worme
                 is
                 thus
                 discernd
                 :
                 The
                 barke
                 will
                 be
                 hoald
                 in
                 diuers
                 places
                 like
                 gall
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 wood
                 will
                 die
                 &
                 dry
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 shall
                 see
                 easily
                 the
                 barke
                 swell
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 verily
                 to
                 be
                 thought
                 ,
                 that
                 therin
                 is
                 bred
                 some
                 worm
                 I
                 haue
                 not
                 yet
                 thorowly
                 sought
                 it
                 out
                 ,
                 because
                 I
                 was
                 neuer
                 
                 troubled
                 therewithall
                 :
                 but
                 onely
                 haue
                 seene
                 such
                 trees
                 in
                 diuers
                 places
                 .
                 I
                 thinke
                 it
                 a
                 worme
                 rather
                 ,
                 because
                 I
                 see
                 this
                 disease
                 in
                 trees
                 ,
                 bringing
                 fruit
                 of
                 sweet
                 taste
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 swelling
                 shewes
                 as
                 much
                 .
                 
                 The
                 remedy
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 con●ecture
                 )
                 is
                 so
                 soone
                 as
                 you
                 perceiue
                 the
                 wound
                 ,
                 the
                 next
                 Spring
                 cut
                 it
                 out
                 barke
                 and
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 apply
                 Cowes
                 p●●le
                 and
                 vineger
                 presently
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 twice
                 or
                 thrice
                 a
                 weeke
                 for
                 a
                 moneths
                 space
                 :
                 For
                 I
                 well
                 perceiue
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 suffer
                 it
                 any
                 time
                 ,
                 it
                 eates
                 the
                 tree
                 or
                 bough
                 round
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 kils
                 .
              
               
                 Since
                 I
                 first
                 wrote
                 this
                 Treatise
                 ,
                 I
                 haue
                 changed
                 my
                 mind
                 concerning
                 the
                 disease
                 called
                 the
                 worme
                 ,
                 because
                 I
                 read
                 in
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 West-Indians
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 trees
                 are
                 not
                 troubled
                 wiih
                 the
                 disease
                 called
                 the
                 worme
                 or
                 canker
                 .
                 which
                 ariseth
                 of
                 a
                 raw
                 and
                 euill
                 concocted
                 humor
                 or
                 sap
                 ,
                 Witnesse
                 Pliny
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 their
                 Country
                 is
                 more
                 ho●
                 then
                 ours
                 ,
                 whereof
                 I
                 thinke
                 the
                 best
                 remedy
                 is
                 (
                 not
                 disallowing
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 considering
                 that
                 the
                 worme
                 may
                 breed
                 by
                 such
                 an
                 humor
                 )
                 warme
                 standing
                 ,
                 sound
                 lopping
                 and
                 good
                 dressing
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Barke-pild
                 you
                 shall
                 find
                 with
                 his
                 remedy
                 in
                 the
                 11.
                 
                 Chapter
                 .
              
               
                 Deadly
                 wounds
                 are
                 when
                 a
                 mans
                 Arborist
                 wanting
                 skill
                 ,
                 
                 cut
                 off
                 armes
                 ,
                 boughes
                 or
                 branches
                 an
                 inch
                 ,
                 or
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 see
                 sometimes
                 )
                 an
                 handfull
                 ,
                 or
                 halfe
                 a
                 foot
                 or
                 more
                 from
                 the
                 body
                 :
                 These
                 so
                 cut
                 cannot
                 couer
                 in
                 any
                 time
                 with
                 sap
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 die
                 ,
                 and
                 dying
                 they
                 perish
                 the
                 heart
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 tree
                 becomes
                 hollow
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 deadly
                 wound
                 cannot
                 liue
                 long
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 remedy
                 is
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 find
                 him
                 before
                 he
                 be
                 perished
                 ,
                 cut
                 him
                 close●
                 
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 11.
                 
                 Chapter
                 :
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 hoald
                 ,
                 cut
                 him
                 close
                 ,
                 fill
                 his
                 wound
                 ,
                 tho
                 neuer
                 so
                 deepe
                 ,
                 with
                 morter
                 well
                 tempered
                 &
                 so
                 close
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 his
                 wound
                 with
                 a
                 Seare
                 cloth
                 doubled
                 and
                 nailed
                 on
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 aire
                 nor
                 
                 raine
                 approach
                 his
                 wound
                 .
                 If
                 he
                 be
                 not
                 very
                 old
                 ,
                 and
                 detaining
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 recouer
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 hole
                 being
                 closed
                 ,
                 his
                 wound
                 within
                 shall
                 not
                 hurt
                 him
                 for
                 many
                 yeeres
                 .
              
               
                 Hurts
                 on
                 your
                 trees
                 are
                 chiefly
                 Ants
                 ,
                 
                 Earewigs
                 ,
                 and
                 Caterpillars
                 ,
                 Of
                 Ants
                 and
                 Earewigs
                 is
                 said
                 Chap.
                 10.
                 
                 Let
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 swarme
                 of
                 Pismires
                 neere
                 your
                 tree-root
                 ,
                 no
                 not
                 in
                 your
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 turne
                 them
                 ouer
                 in
                 a
                 frost
                 ,
                 and
                 powre
                 in
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 kill
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 Caterpillars
                 ,
                 the
                 vigilant
                 Fruterer
                 shall
                 soone
                 espy
                 their
                 lodging
                 by
                 their
                 web
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 decay
                 of
                 leaues
                 eaten
                 round
                 about
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 being
                 seene
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 easily
                 destroyed
                 with
                 your
                 hand
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 (
                 if
                 your
                 tree
                 may
                 spare
                 it
                 )
                 take
                 sprig
                 and
                 all
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 red
                 peckled
                 butter
                 fly
                 doth
                 euer
                 put
                 them
                 ,
                 being
                 her
                 sparm
                 ,
                 among
                 the
                 tender
                 spraies
                 for
                 better
                 feeding
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 drought
                 ,
                 and
                 tread
                 them
                 vnder
                 your
                 feet
                 .
                 I
                 like
                 nothing
                 of
                 smoke
                 among
                 my
                 trees
                 .
                 Vnnaturall
                 heates
                 are
                 nothing
                 good
                 for
                 naturall
                 trees
                 .
                 This
                 for
                 diseases
                 of
                 particular
                 trees
                 .
              
               
                 Externall
                 hurts
                 are
                 either
                 things
                 naturall
                 or
                 artificiall
                 .
                 
                 Naturall
                 things
                 ,
                 externally
                 hurting
                 Orchards
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     
                       1
                       Beasts
                       .
                    
                     
                       1
                       Deere
                       .
                    
                     
                       2
                       Birds
                       .
                    
                     
                       1
                       Bulfinch
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                        
                    
                     
                       2
                       Goates
                       .
                    
                     
                        
                    
                     
                       2
                       Thrush
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                        
                    
                     
                       3
                       Sheepe
                       .
                    
                     
                        
                    
                     
                       3
                       Blackbird
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                        
                    
                     
                       4
                       Hare
                       .
                    
                     
                        
                    
                     
                       4
                       Crow
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                        
                    
                     
                       5
                       Cony
                       .
                    
                     
                        
                    
                     
                       5
                       Pye.
                       
                    
                  
                   
                     
                        
                    
                     
                       6
                       Cattell
                       .
                    
                     
                        
                    
                     
                        
                    
                  
                   
                     
                        
                    
                     
                       7
                       Horse
                       .
                    
                     
                        
                    
                     
                       &c.
                       
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   other
                   things
                   are
                   ,
                
                 
                   1
                   Winds
                   .
                
                 
                   2
                   Cold.
                   
                
                 
                   3
                   Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   4
                   Weeds
                   .
                
                 
                   5
                   Wormes
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   6
                   Mowles
                   .
                
                 
                   7
                   Filth
                   .
                
                 
                   8
                   Poysonfull
                   smoke
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Externall
                   wilfull
                   euils
                   are
                   these
                   .
                
                 
                   1
                   Walls
                   .
                
                 
                   2
                   Trenches
                   .
                
                 
                   3
                   Other
                   works
                   noisome
                   done
                   in
                   or
                   neere
                   your
                   Orchard
                   .
                
                 
                   4
                   Euill
                   Neighbours
                   .
                
                 
                   5
                   A
                   carelesse
                   Master
                   .
                
                 
                   6
                   An
                   vndiscreet
                   ,
                   negligent
                   or
                   no
                   keeper
                   .
                
              
               
                 See
                 you
                 here
                 an
                 whole
                 Army
                 of
                 mischeifes
                 banded
                 in
                 troupes
                 against
                 the
                 most
                 fruitfull
                 trees
                 the
                 earth
                 beares
                 ?
                 assailing
                 your
                 good
                 labours
                 .
                 Good
                 things
                 haue
                 most
                 enemies
                 .
              
               
                 
                 A
                 skilfull
                 Fructerer
                 must
                 put
                 to
                 his
                 helping
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 disband
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 flight
                 .
              
               
                 
                 For
                 the
                 first
                 ranke
                 of
                 beasts
                 ,
                 besides
                 your
                 out
                 strong
                 fence
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 haue
                 a
                 faire
                 and
                 swift
                 Greyhound
                 ,
                 a
                 stone-bow
                 ,
                 gun
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 need
                 require
                 ,
                 an
                 Apple
                 with
                 an
                 hooke
                 for
                 a
                 Deere
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Hare-pipe
                 for
                 an
                 Hare
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Your
                 Cherries
                 and
                 other
                 Berris
                 when
                 they
                 be
                 ripe
                 ,
                 will
                 draw
                 all
                 the
                 Black-birds
                 ,
                 Thrushes
                 ,
                 and
                 Maw
                 Pies
                 to
                 your
                 Orchard
                 .
                 The
                 Bul-finch
                 is
                 a
                 deuourer
                 of
                 your
                 Fruit
                 in
                 the
                 bud
                 ,
                 I
                 haue
                 had
                 whole
                 trees
                 shald
                 out
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 Winter-time
                 .
              
               
                 
                 The
                 best
                 remedy
                 here
                 is
                 a
                 Stone
                 bow
                 ,
                 a
                 Piece
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 you
                 haue
                 a
                 Musket
                 or
                 Spar-hawke
                 in
                 Winter
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Black-bird
                 stoope
                 into
                 a
                 bush
                 or
                 hedge
                 .
              
               
                 
                 The
                 Gardner
                 must
                 cleanse
                 his
                 foile
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 trees
                 :
                 but
                 fruit-trees
                 aforesaid
                 Chapter
                 2
                 for
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 ordained
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 would
                 espeecially
                 name
                 Oakes
                 ,
                 Elmes
                 ,
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 other
                 great
                 wood
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 I
                 doubt
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 as
                 an
                 admission
                 of
                 lesser
                 trees
                 :
                 for
                 I
                 admit
                 
                 of
                 nothing
                 to
                 grow
                 in
                 mine
                 Orchard
                 but
                 fruit
                 and
                 flowers
                 .
                 If
                 sap
                 can
                 hardly
                 be
                 good
                 to
                 feed
                 our
                 fruit-trees
                 ,
                 why
                 should
                 we
                 allow
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 ,
                 especially
                 those
                 ,
                 that
                 will
                 becom
                 their
                 Masters
                 ,
                 &
                 wrong
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 liuelyhood
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 although
                 w●●dmit
                 without
                 the
                 fence
                 of
                 Wallnuts
                 in
                 most
                 plaine
                 places
                 ,
                 Trees
                 middle-most
                 ,
                 and
                 ashes
                 or
                 Okes
                 ,
                 or
                 Elmes
                 v●most
                 ,
                 set
                 in
                 comely
                 rowes
                 equally
                 distant
                 with
                 faire
                 Allies
                 ●wixt
                 row
                 and
                 row
                 to
                 auoide
                 the
                 boisterous
                 blasts
                 of
                 winds
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 within
                 them
                 also
                 others
                 for
                 Bees
                 ;
                 yet
                 wee
                 admit
                 none
                 of
                 these
                 into
                 your
                 Orchard-plat
                 :
                 other
                 remedy
                 then
                 this
                 haue
                 wee
                 none
                 against
                 the
                 nipping
                 frosts
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Weeds
                 in
                 a
                 fertile
                 soile
                 (
                 because
                 the
                 generall
                 curse
                 is
                 so
                 )
                 till
                 your
                 Trees
                 grow
                 great
                 ,
                 
                 will
                 be
                 noysome
                 ,
                 and
                 deforme
                 your
                 allies
                 ,
                 walkes
                 ,
                 beds
                 ,
                 and
                 squares
                 ,
                 your
                 vnder
                 Gardners
                 must
                 labour
                 to
                 keepe
                 all
                 cleanly
                 &
                 handsome
                 from
                 them
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 filth
                 with
                 a
                 Spade
                 ,
                 weeding
                 kniues
                 ,
                 rake
                 with
                 iron
                 teeth
                 :
                 a
                 skrapple
                 of
                 Iron
                 thus
                 formed
                 .
              
               
               
                 For
                 Nettles
                 and
                 ground-Iuy
                 after
                 a
                 showre
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 weeds
                 ,
                 
                 straw
                 ,
                 stickes
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 scrapings
                 are
                 gathered
                 together
                 ,
                 burne
                 them
                 not
                 ,
                 but
                 bury
                 them
                 vnder
                 your
                 crust
                 in
                 any
                 place
                 of
                 your
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 will
                 dye
                 and
                 fatten
                 your
                 ground
                 .
              
               
                 Wormes
                 and
                 Moales
                 open
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 let
                 in
                 aire
                 to
                 the
                 roots
                 of
                 your
                 trees
                 ,
                 and
                 deforme
                 your
                 squares
                 and
                 walkes
                 ,
                 and
                 feeding
                 in
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 being
                 in
                 number
                 infinite
                 ,
                 draw
                 on
                 barrennesse●
              
               
                 Wormes
                 may
                 easily
                 be
                 destroyed
                 .
                 
                 Any
                 Summer
                 euening
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 darke
                 ,
                 after
                 a
                 showre
                 with
                 a
                 candle
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 fill
                 bushels
                 ,
                 but
                 you
                 must
                 tred
                 nimbly●
                 &
                 where
                 
                 you
                 cannot
                 come
                 to
                 catch
                 them
                 so
                 ;
                 sift
                 the
                 earth
                 with
                 coale
                 ashes
                 an
                 inch
                 or
                 two
                 thicknes
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 is
                 a
                 plague
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 is
                 sharpe
                 grauell
                 .
              
               
                 Moales
                 will
                 anger
                 you
                 ,
                 if
                 your
                 Gardner
                 or
                 some
                 skilful●
                 Moale-catcher
                 ease
                 you
                 not
                 ,
                 especially
                 hauing
                 made
                 their
                 fortresses
                 among
                 the
                 roots
                 of
                 your
                 trees
                 :
                 you
                 must
                 watch
                 her
                 wel
                 with
                 a
                 Moal
                 spare
                 ,
                 at
                 morne
                 ,
                 noon
                 ,
                 and
                 night
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 see
                 her
                 vtmost
                 hill
                 ,
                 cast
                 a
                 Trench
                 betwixt
                 her
                 and
                 her
                 home
                 (
                 for
                 she
                 hath
                 a
                 principall
                 mansion
                 to
                 dwell
                 and
                 br●ed
                 in
                 about
                 Aprill
                 ,
                 which
                 you
                 may
                 discerne
                 by
                 a
                 principall
                 hill
                 ,
                 wherein
                 you
                 may
                 catch
                 her
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 trench
                 it
                 round
                 and
                 sure
                 ,
                 and
                 watch
                 well
                 )
                 or
                 wheresoeuer
                 you
                 can
                 discerne
                 a
                 single
                 passage
                 (
                 for
                 such
                 she
                 hath
                 )
                 there
                 trench
                 ,
                 and
                 watch
                 ,
                 and
                 haue
                 her
                 .
              
               
                 Wilfull
                 annoyances
                 must
                 be
                 preuented
                 and
                 auoided
                 by
                 the
                 loue
                 of
                 the
                 Master
                 and
                 Fruterer
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 they
                 beare
                 to
                 their
                 Orchard
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Iustice
                 and
                 liberality
                 will
                 put
                 away
                 euill
                 neighbours
                 or
                 euill
                 neighbour-hood
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 if
                 (
                 God
                 blesse
                 and
                 giue
                 successe
                 to
                 your
                 labours
                 )
                 I
                 see
                 not
                 what
                 hurt
                 your
                 Orchard
                 can
                 sustaine
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 14.
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 age
                 of
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 IT
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 :
                 All
                 this
                 Treatise
                 of
                 trees
                 tends
                 to
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 that
                 men
                 may
                 loue
                 and
                 plant
                 Orchards
                 ,
                 whereunto
                 there
                 cannot
                 be
                 a
                 better
                 inducement
                 then
                 that
                 they
                 know
                 (
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 be
                 perswaded
                 )
                 that
                 all
                 that
                 benefit
                 they
                 shall
                 reape
                 thereby
                 ,
                 whether
                 of
                 pleasure
                 or
                 profit
                 ,
                 shall
                 not
                 be
                 for
                 a
                 day
                 or
                 a
                 moneth
                 ,
                 or
                 one
                 ,
                 or
                 many
                 (
                 but
                 many
                 hundreth
                 )
                 yeeres
                 .
                 Of
                 good
                 things
                 the
                 greatest
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 durable
                 is
                 alwaies
                 the
                 best
                 .
                 If
                 therefore
                 out
                 of
                 
                 reason
                 grounded
                 vpon
                 experience
                 ,
                 it
                 be
                 made
                 (
                 I
                 thinke
                 )
                 manifest
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 am
                 sure
                 probable
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 fruit
                 tree
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 soile
                 and
                 site
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 described
                 so
                 planted
                 and
                 trimmed
                 and
                 kept
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 is
                 afore
                 appointed
                 and
                 duely
                 foiled
                 ,
                 shall
                 dure
                 1000●
                 yee●es
                 ,
                 why
                 should
                 we
                 not
                 take
                 paines
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 at
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 yeeres
                 charges
                 (
                 for
                 vnder
                 seuen
                 yeeres
                 w●ll
                 an
                 Orchard
                 be
                 perfected
                 for
                 the
                 first
                 planting
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 that
                 time
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 fruit
                 )
                 to
                 reape
                 such
                 a
                 commodity
                 and
                 so
                 long
                 lasting
              
               
                 Let
                 no
                 man
                 thinke
                 this
                 to
                 be
                 strange
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 peruse
                 and
                 consider
                 the
                 reason
                 .
                 I
                 haue
                 Apple
                 trees
                 standing
                 in
                 my
                 lit●le
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 haue
                 knowne
                 these
                 forty
                 yeeres
                 ,
                 whose
                 age
                 before
                 my
                 time
                 I
                 cannot
                 learne
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 beyond
                 memory
                 ,
                 tho
                 I
                 haue
                 enquired
                 of
                 diuers
                 aged
                 men
                 of
                 80.
                 yeeres
                 and
                 vpwards
                 :
                 these
                 trees
                 although
                 come
                 into
                 my
                 poss●ssion
                 very
                 euill
                 ordered
                 ,
                 mishapen
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 wounded
                 to
                 his
                 heart
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 deadly
                 (
                 for
                 I
                 know
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 his
                 death
                 )
                 with
                 a
                 wound
                 ,
                 wherein
                 I
                 might
                 haue
                 put
                 my
                 foot
                 in
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 his
                 bulke
                 (
                 now
                 it
                 is
                 lesse
                 )
                 notwithstanding
                 ,
                 with
                 that
                 small
                 regard
                 they
                 haue
                 had
                 since
                 ,
                 they
                 so
                 like
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 assure
                 my selfe
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 come
                 to
                 their
                 growth
                 by
                 more
                 then
                 2.
                 parts
                 of
                 3.
                 which
                 I
                 discerne
                 not
                 onely
                 by
                 their
                 owne
                 growth
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 by
                 comparing
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 bulke
                 of
                 other
                 trees
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 find
                 them
                 short
                 (
                 at
                 least
                 )
                 by
                 so
                 many
                 parts
                 in
                 bignesse
                 ,
                 although
                 I
                 know
                 those
                 other
                 fruit-trees
                 to
                 haue
                 beene
                 much
                 hindred
                 in
                 their
                 stature
                 by
                 euill
                 guiding
                 .
                 Herehence
                 I
                 gather
                 thus
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 my
                 trees
                 be
                 a
                 hundred
                 yeeres
                 old
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 want
                 two
                 hundred
                 of
                 their
                 growth
                 before
                 they
                 leaue
                 encreasing
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 make
                 three
                 hundred
                 ,
                 then
                 we
                 must
                 needs
                 resolue
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 three
                 hundred
                 yeere
                 are
                 but
                 the
                 third
                 part
                 of
                 a
                 Trees
                 life
                 ,
                 because
                 (
                 as
                 all
                 things
                 liuing
                 besides
                 )
                 
                 so
                 trees
                 must
                 haue
                 allowed
                 them
                 for
                 their
                 increase
                 one
                 third
                 ,
                 another
                 third
                 for
                 their
                 stand
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 third
                 part
                 of
                 time
                 also
                 for
                 their
                 decay
                 .
                 All
                 which
                 time
                 of
                 a
                 Tree
                 amounts
                 to
                 nine
                 hundred
                 yeeres
                 ,
                 three
                 hundred
                 for
                 increase
                 ,
                 three
                 hundred
                 for
                 his
                 stand
                 ,
                 whereof
                 we
                 haue
                 the
                 te●rme
                 stature
                 ,
                 and
                 three
                 hundred
                 for
                 his
                 decay
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 I
                 thinke
                 (
                 for
                 we
                 must
                 coniecture
                 by
                 comparing
                 ,
                 because
                 no
                 one
                 man
                 liueth
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 full
                 age
                 of
                 trees
                 )
                 I
                 am
                 within
                 the
                 compasse
                 of
                 his
                 age
                 ,
                 supposing
                 alwaies
                 the
                 foresaid
                 meanes
                 of
                 preseruing
                 his
                 life
                 .
                 Consider
                 the
                 age
                 of
                 other
                 liuing
                 creatures
                 .
                 The
                 Horse
                 and
                 moiled
                 Oxe
                 wrought
                 to
                 an
                 vntimely
                 death
                 ,
                 yet
                 double
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 increase
                 .
                 A
                 Dog
                 likewise
                 increaseth
                 three
                 ,
                 stanns
                 three
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 as
                 many
                 (
                 or
                 rather
                 moe
                 )
                 decayes
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Euery
                 liuing
                 thing
                 bestowes
                 the
                 least
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 age
                 in
                 his
                 growth
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 must
                 it
                 needs
                 be
                 with
                 trees
                 .
                 A
                 man
                 comes
                 not
                 to
                 his
                 full
                 growth
                 and
                 strength
                 (
                 by
                 common
                 estimation
                 )
                 before
                 thirty
                 yeeres
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 slender
                 and
                 cleane
                 bodies
                 ,
                 not
                 till
                 forty
                 ,
                 so
                 long
                 also
                 stands
                 his
                 strength
                 ,
                 &
                 so
                 long
                 also
                 must
                 he
                 haue
                 allowed
                 by
                 course
                 of
                 nature
                 to
                 decay
                 .
                 Euer
                 supposing
                 that
                 he
                 be
                 well
                 kept
                 with
                 necessaries
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 and
                 without
                 straines
                 ,
                 bruises
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 dominyring
                 diseases
                 .
                 I
                 will
                 not
                 say
                 vpon
                 true
                 report
                 ,
                 that
                 Physicke
                 holds
                 it
                 possible
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 cleane
                 body
                 kept
                 by
                 these
                 3.
                 
                 Doctors
                 ,
                 
                   Doctor
                   Dyet
                   ,
                   Doctor
                   Quiet
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Doctor
                   Merriman
                
                 ,
                 may
                 liue
                 neere
                 a
                 hundred
                 yeeres
                 .
                 Neither
                 will
                 I
                 here
                 vrge
                 the
                 long
                 yeeres
                 of
                 Methushalah
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 men
                 of
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 because
                 you
                 will
                 say
                 ,
                 Mans
                 dayes
                 are
                 shortned
                 since
                 the
                 floud
                 .
                 But
                 what
                 hath
                 shortned
                 them
                 ?
                 God
                 for
                 mans
                 sinnes
                 :
                 but
                 by
                 meanes
                 ,
                 as
                 want
                 of
                 knowledge
                 ,
                 euill
                 gouernment
                 ,
                 ryot
                 ,
                 gluttony
                 ,
                 drunkenesse
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 to
                 be
                 short
                 )
                 the
                 encrease
                 of
                 
                 the
                 curse
                 ,
                 our
                 sinnes
                 increasing
                 in
                 an
                 iron
                 and
                 wicked
                 age
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 if
                 a
                 man
                 ,
                 whose
                 body
                 is
                 nothing
                 (
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 )
                 but
                 tender
                 rottennesse
                 ,
                 whose
                 course
                 of
                 life
                 cannot
                 by
                 any
                 meanes
                 ,
                 by
                 counsell
                 ,
                 restraint
                 of
                 Lawes
                 ,
                 or
                 punishment
                 ,
                 nor
                 hope
                 of
                 praise
                 ,
                 profet
                 ,
                 or
                 eturnall
                 glory
                 ,
                 be
                 kept
                 within
                 any
                 bounds
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 degenerate
                 cleane
                 from
                 his
                 naturall
                 feeding
                 ,
                 to
                 effeminate
                 nicenesse
                 ,
                 and
                 cloying
                 his
                 body
                 with
                 excesse
                 of
                 meate
                 ,
                 drinke
                 ,
                 sleepe
                 &c.
                 and
                 to
                 whom
                 nothing
                 is
                 so
                 pleasant
                 and
                 so
                 much
                 desired
                 as
                 the
                 causes
                 of
                 his
                 owne
                 death
                 ,
                 as
                 idlenesse
                 ,
                 lust
                 ,
                 &c.
                 may
                 li●e
                 to
                 that
                 age
                 :
                 I
                 see
                 not
                 but
                 a
                 tree
                 of
                 a
                 solide
                 substance
                 ,
                 not
                 damnified
                 by
                 heate
                 or
                 cold
                 ,
                 capable
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 subiect
                 to
                 any
                 kinde
                 of
                 ordering
                 or
                 dressing
                 that
                 a
                 man
                 shall
                 apply
                 vnto
                 him
                 ,
                 feeding
                 naturally
                 ,
                 as
                 from
                 the
                 beginning
                 disburdened
                 of
                 all
                 superfluities
                 ,
                 eased
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 his
                 owne
                 accord
                 auoiding
                 the
                 causes
                 that
                 may
                 annoy
                 him
                 ,
                 should
                 double
                 the
                 life
                 of
                 a
                 man
                 ,
                 more
                 then
                 twice
                 told
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 naturall
                 phylosophy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 vniuersall
                 consent
                 of
                 all
                 Histories
                 tell
                 vs
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 other
                 liuing
                 creatures
                 farre
                 exceed
                 man
                 in
                 the
                 length
                 of
                 yeeres
                 :
                 As
                 the
                 Hart
                 and
                 the
                 Rauen.
                 Thus
                 reporteth
                 that
                 famous
                 Roterodam
                 out
                 of
                 Hesiodus
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Historiographers
                 .
                 The
                 testimony
                 of
                 Cicero
                 in
                 his
                 booke
                 
                   De
                   Sen●ctute
                
                 ,
                 is
                 weighty
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 :
                 that
                 we
                 must
                 
                   in
                   posteras
                   aetates
                   ferere
                   arbores
                
                 ,
                 which
                 can
                 haue
                 none
                 other
                 sence
                 :
                 but
                 that
                 our
                 fruit-trees
                 whereof
                 he
                 speakes
                 ,
                 can
                 endure
                 for
                 many
                 ages
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 else
                 are
                 trees
                 in
                 comparison
                 with
                 the
                 earth
                 :
                 but
                 as
                 haires
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 a
                 man
                 ?
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 certaine
                 ,
                 without
                 poisoning
                 ,
                 euill
                 and
                 distemperate
                 dyet
                 ,
                 and
                 vsage
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 such
                 forcible
                 cause
                 ,
                 the
                 haires
                 dure
                 with
                 the
                 body
                 .
                 That
                 they
                 be
                 called
                 excrements
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 superfluous
                 growth
                 :
                 for
                 cut
                 them
                 as
                 often
                 as
                 you
                 list
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 they
                 will
                 still
                 come
                 to
                 their
                 naturall
                 length
                 )
                 Not
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 their
                 substance
                 ,
                 and
                 nature
                 .
                 H●ires
                 endure
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 an
                 ornament
                 and
                 vse
                 also
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 as
                 trees
                 to
                 the
                 earth
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 that
                 I
                 resolue
                 vpon
                 good
                 reason
                 ,
                 that
                 fruit-trees
                 well
                 ordered
                 ,
                 may
                 liue
                 and
                 like
                 a
                 thousand
                 yeeres
                 ,
                 and
                 beare
                 fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 longer
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 ,
                 the
                 greater
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 because
                 his
                 vigour
                 is
                 p●oud
                 and
                 stronger
                 ,
                 when
                 his
                 yeeres
                 are
                 many
                 :
                 You
                 shall
                 see
                 old
                 trees
                 put
                 their
                 buds
                 and
                 blossomes
                 both
                 sooner
                 and
                 more
                 plentifully
                 then
                 yong
                 trees
                 by
                 much
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 sensi●ly
                 perceiue
                 my
                 young
                 trees
                 to
                 inlarge
                 their
                 ●rust
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 grow
                 greater
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 number
                 ,
                 and
                 greatnesse
                 .
                 Young
                 He●fers
                 bring
                 not
                 fo●th
                 Calues
                 so
                 faire
                 ,
                 neither
                 are
                 they
                 so
                 plentifull
                 to
                 milke
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 they
                 become
                 to
                 be
                 old
                 Ki●e
                 .
                 No
                 good
                 Houswife
                 will
                 b●e●d
                 of
                 a
                 young
                 but
                 of
                 an
                 old
                 bird-mother
                 :
                 It
                 is
                 so
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 naturally
                 ,
                 therefore
                 in
                 trees
                 .
              
               
                 
                 And
                 if
                 fruit-trees
                 l●st
                 to
                 this
                 age
                 ,
                 how
                 many
                 ages
                 is
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 supposed
                 ,
                 st●ong
                 and
                 huge
                 timber-trees
                 will
                 last
                 ?
                 whose
                 huge
                 bodies
                 require
                 the
                 yeeres
                 of
                 diuers
                 Methushalaes
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 end
                 their
                 dayes
                 ,
                 whose
                 sap
                 is
                 strong
                 and
                 bitter
                 ,
                 whose
                 barke
                 is
                 hard
                 and
                 thicke
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 substance
                 solid
                 and
                 stiffe
                 :
                 all
                 which
                 are
                 defences
                 of
                 health
                 and
                 long
                 life
                 .
                 Their
                 strength
                 withstands
                 all
                 forcible
                 winds
                 ,
                 their
                 sap
                 of
                 that
                 qu●lity
                 is
                 not
                 subiect
                 to
                 wormes
                 and
                 tainting
                 .
                 Their
                 barke
                 receiues
                 seldome
                 or
                 neuer
                 by
                 casualty
                 any
                 wound
                 .
                 And
                 not
                 onely
                 so
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 is
                 free
                 from
                 remoualls
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 millions
                 of
                 trees
                 ,
                 where
                 as
                 the
                 fruit-tree
                 in
                 comparison
                 is
                 little
                 ,
                 and
                 often
                 blowne
                 downe
                 ,
                 his
                 sap
                 sweet
                 ,
                 easily
                 ,
                 and
                 soone
                 tainted
                 ,
                 his
                 barke
                 tender
                 ,
                 and
                 soone
                 wounded
                 ,
                 and
                 himselfe
                 vsed
                 by
                 man
                 ,
                 as
                 man
                 vseth
                 himselfe
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 either
                 
                 v●skilfully
                 ,
                 or
                 carelessely
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 some
                 purposes
                 to
                 regard
                 the
                 age
                 of
                 your
                 fruit
                 trees
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 you
                 may
                 easily
                 know
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 accomplish
                 twenty
                 yeeres
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 knots
                 :
                 Reckon
                 from
                 his
                 roote
                 vp
                 an
                 arme
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 hys
                 top-twig
                 ,
                 and
                 euery
                 yeeres
                 growth
                 is
                 distinguished
                 from
                 other
                 by
                 a
                 knot
                 ,
                 except
                 lopping
                 or
                 remouing
                 doe
                 hinder
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 15.
                 
                 Of
                 gathering
                 and
                 keeping
                 Fruit.
                 
              
               
                 ALthough
                 it
                 be
                 an
                 easie
                 matter
                 ,
                 
                 when
                 God
                 shall
                 sen●
                 it
                 ,
                 together
                 and
                 keepe
                 fruit
                 ,
                 yet
                 are
                 they
                 certaine
                 things
                 worthy
                 your
                 regard
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 gather
                 your
                 fruit
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 ripe
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 before
                 ,
                 else
                 will
                 it
                 wither
                 and
                 be
                 tough
                 and
                 sowre
                 .
                 All
                 fruit
                 generally
                 are
                 ripe
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 beginne
                 to
                 fall
                 .
                 For
                 Trees
                 doe
                 as
                 all
                 other
                 bearers
                 doe
                 ,
                 when
                 their
                 yong
                 ones
                 are
                 ripe
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 waine
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Doue
                 her
                 Pigeons●
                 the
                 Cony
                 her
                 Rabbets
                 ,
                 and
                 women
                 their
                 children
                 .
                 Some
                 fruit
                 tree
                 sometimes
                 getting
                 a
                 taint
                 in
                 the
                 setting
                 with
                 a
                 frost
                 or
                 euill
                 winde
                 ,
                 will
                 cast
                 his
                 fruit
                 vntimely
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 before
                 he
                 leaue
                 giuing
                 them
                 sap
                 ,
                 or
                 they
                 leaue
                 growing
                 .
                 Except
                 from
                 this
                 foresaid
                 rule
                 ,
                 Cherries
                 ,
                 
                 Damsons
                 ,
                 and
                 Bullies
                 .
                 The
                 Cherry
                 is
                 ripe
                 when
                 he
                 is
                 sweld
                 wholy
                 red
                 ,
                 and
                 sweet
                 :
                 Damsons
                 and
                 Bulies
                 not
                 before
                 the
                 first
                 frost
                 .
              
               
                 Apples
                 are
                 knowne
                 to
                 be
                 ripe
                 ,
                 
                 partly
                 by
                 their
                 colour
                 ,
                 growing
                 towards
                 a
                 yellow
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Leather-coat
                 and
                 some
                 Peares
                 and
                 Greening
                 .
              
               
                 Timely
                 Summer
                 fruit
                 will
                 be
                 ready
                 ,
                 some
                 at
                 Midsummer
                 ,
                 most
                 at
                 Lammus
                 for
                 present
                 vse
                 ;
                 
                 but
                 general●y
                 noe
                 keepi●g
                 fruit
                 before
                 Michal-tide
                 .
                 Hard
                 Winter
                 fruit
                 and
                 Wardens
                 longer
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                 Gather
                 at
                 the
                 full
                 of
                 the
                 Moone
                 for
                 keeping
                 ,
                 gather
                 dry
                 for
                 feare
                 of
                 rotting
                 .
              
               
                 Gather
                 the
                 stalkes
                 with
                 all
                 :
                 for
                 a
                 little
                 wound
                 in
                 fruit
                 ,
                 is
                 deadly
                 :
                 but
                 not
                 the
                 stumpe
                 ,
                 that
                 must
                 beare
                 the
                 next
                 fruit
                 ,
                 nor
                 leaues
                 ,
                 for
                 moisture
                 putrifies
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Gather
                 euery
                 kind
                 seuerally
                 by
                 it selfe
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 will
                 not
                 keepe
                 alike
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 hard
                 to
                 discerne
                 them
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 mingled
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 your
                 trees
                 be
                 ouer-laden
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 ,
                 being
                 ordered
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 is
                 before
                 taught
                 you
                 )
                 I
                 like
                 better
                 of
                 pulling
                 some
                 off
                 (
                 tho
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 ripe
                 )
                 neere
                 the
                 top
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 bough
                 ,
                 then
                 of
                 propping
                 by
                 much
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 shall
                 be
                 better
                 fed
                 .
                 Propping
                 puts
                 the
                 bough
                 in
                 danger
                 ,
                 and
                 frets
                 it
                 at
                 least
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Instruments
                 :
                 A
                 long
                 ladder
                 of
                 light
                 Firre
                 :
                 A
                 stoole-ladder
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 11.
                 
                 Chapter
                 .
                 A
                 gathering
                 apron
                 like
                 a
                 poake
                 before
                 you
                 ,
                 made
                 of
                 purpose
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 Wallet
                 hung
                 on
                 a
                 bough
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 basket
                 with
                 a
                 fiue
                 bottome
                 ,
                 or
                 skinne
                 bottome
                 ,
                 with
                 Lathes
                 or
                 splinters
                 vnder
                 ,
                 hung
                 in
                 a
                 rope
                 to
                 pull
                 vp
                 and
                 downe
                 :
                 bruise
                 none
                 ,
                 
                 euery
                 bruise
                 is
                 to
                 fruit
                 death
                 :
                 if
                 you
                 doe
                 ,
                 vse
                 them
                 presently
                 .
                 An
                 hooke
                 to
                 pull
                 boughs
                 to
                 you
                 is
                 necessary
                 ,
                 breake
                 no
                 boughes
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 keeping
                 ,
                 lay
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 dry
                 Loft
                 ,
                 the
                 longest
                 keeping
                 Apples
                 first
                 and
                 furthest
                 on
                 dry
                 straw
                 ,
                 
                 on
                 heapes
                 ten
                 or
                 fourteene
                 dayes
                 ,
                 thicke
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 sweat
                 .
                 Then
                 dry
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 soft
                 and
                 cleane
                 cloth
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 them
                 thinne
                 abroad
                 .
                 Long
                 keeping
                 fruit
                 would
                 be
                 turned
                 once
                 in
                 a
                 moneth
                 softly
                 :
                 but
                 not
                 in
                 nor
                 immediately
                 after
                 frost
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 loft
                 couer
                 well
                 with
                 straw
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 with
                 chaffe
                 or
                 bra●●e
                 :
                 For
                 frost
                 doth
                 cause
                 tender
                 rottennesse
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 16.
                 
                 Of
                 Profits
                 .
              
               
                 NOw
                 pause
                 with
                 your selfe
                 ,
                 and
                 view
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 all
                 your
                 labours
                 in
                 an
                 Orchard
                 :
                 vnspeakable
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 and
                 infinite
                 commodity
                 .
                 The
                 pleasure
                 of
                 an
                 Orchard
                 I
                 referre
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 Chapter
                 for
                 the
                 conclusion
                 :
                 and
                 in
                 this
                 Chapter
                 ,
                 a
                 word
                 or
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 profit
                 ,
                 which
                 thorowly
                 to
                 declare
                 is
                 past
                 my
                 skill
                 :
                 and
                 I
                 count
                 it
                 as
                 if
                 a
                 man
                 should
                 attempt
                 to
                 adde
                 light
                 to
                 the
                 Sunne
                 with
                 a
                 Candle
                 ,
                 or
                 number
                 the
                 Starres
                 .
                 No
                 man
                 that
                 hath
                 but
                 a
                 meane
                 Orchard
                 or
                 iudgement
                 but
                 knowes
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 commodity
                 of
                 an
                 Orchard
                 is
                 great
                 :
                 Neither
                 would
                 I
                 speake
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 thing
                 so
                 manifest
                 to
                 all
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 I
                 see
                 ,
                 that
                 through
                 the
                 carelesse
                 lazinesse
                 of
                 men
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 generally
                 neglected
                 .
                 But
                 let
                 them
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 lose
                 hereby
                 the
                 chiefest
                 good
                 which
                 belongs
                 to
                 house-keeping
                 .
              
               
                 Compare
                 the
                 commodity
                 that
                 commeth
                 of
                 halfe
                 an
                 acre
                 of
                 ground
                 ,
                 set
                 with
                 fruit-trees
                 and
                 hearbs
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 is
                 prescribed
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 whole
                 acre
                 (
                 say
                 it
                 be
                 two
                 )
                 with
                 Corne
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 best
                 commodity
                 you
                 can
                 wish
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Orchrad
                 shall
                 exceed
                 by
                 diuers
                 degrees
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 France
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Countries
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 they
                 make
                 great
                 vse
                 of
                 Cydar
                 and
                 Perry
                 ,
                 thus
                 made
                 :
                 Dresse
                 euery
                 Apple
                 ,
                 the
                 stalke
                 ,
                 vpper
                 end
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 galles
                 away
                 ,
                 stampe
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 straine
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 within
                 24.
                 houres
                 tun
                 them
                 vp
                 into
                 cleane
                 ,
                 sweet
                 ,
                 and
                 sound
                 vessels
                 ,
                 for
                 feare
                 of
                 euill
                 ayre
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 will
                 readily
                 take
                 :
                 and
                 if
                 you
                 hang
                 a
                 poakefull
                 of
                 Cloues
                 ,
                 Mace
                 ,
                 Nutmegs
                 ,
                 Cinamon
                 ,
                 Ginger
                 ,
                 and
                 pils
                 of
                 Lemmons
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 vessell
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 make
                 it
                 as
                 wholesome
                 and
                 pleasant
                 as
                 wine
                 .
                 The
                 like
                 vsage
                 doth
                 Perry
                 require
                 .
              
               
               
                 These
                 drinks
                 are
                 very
                 wholesome
                 ,
                 they
                 coole
                 ,
                 purge
                 ,
                 and
                 preuent
                 hot
                 Agues
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 leaue
                 this
                 skil●
                 to
                 Physitians
                 .
              
               
                 
                 The
                 benefit
                 of
                 your
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 Roots
                 and
                 Hearbs
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 were
                 but
                 to
                 eare
                 and
                 sell
                 ,
                 is
                 much
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Waters
                 distilled
                 of
                 Roses
                 ,
                 Woodbind
                 ,
                 Angelica
                 ,
                 are
                 both
                 profitable
                 and
                 wondrous
                 pleasant
                 ,
                 and
                 comfortable
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Saffron
                 and
                 Lico●as
                 will
                 yeeld
                 you
                 much
                 Conserues
                 and
                 Preserues
                 ,
                 are
                 ornaments
                 to
                 your
                 Feasts
                 ,
                 health
                 in
                 your
                 sicknesse
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 good
                 helpe
                 to
                 your
                 friend
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 your
                 purse
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 that
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 moued
                 with
                 such
                 vnspeakable
                 profits
                 ,
                 is
                 well
                 worthy
                 to
                 want
                 ,
                 when
                 others
                 abound
                 in
                 plenty
                 of
                 good
                 things
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 17.
                 
                 Ornaments
                 .
              
               
                 ME
                 thinks
                 hitherto
                 we
                 haue
                 but
                 a
                 bare
                 Orchard
                 for
                 fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 but
                 halfe
                 good
                 ,
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 it
                 wants
                 those
                 comely
                 Ornaments
                 ,
                 that
                 should
                 giue
                 beauty
                 to
                 all
                 our
                 labours
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 much
                 for
                 the
                 honest
                 delight
                 of
                 the
                 owner
                 and
                 his
                 friends
                 .
              
               
                 
                 For
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 doubted
                 :
                 but
                 as
                 God
                 hath
                 giuen
                 man
                 things
                 profitable
                 ,
                 so
                 hath
                 he
                 allowed
                 him
                 honest
                 comfort
                 ,
                 delight
                 ,
                 and
                 recreation
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 workes
                 of
                 his
                 hands
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 all
                 his
                 labours
                 vnder
                 the
                 Sunne
                 without
                 this
                 are
                 troubles
                 ,
                 and
                 vexation
                 of
                 mind
                 :
                 For
                 what
                 is
                 g●eedy
                 gaine
                 ,
                 without
                 delight
                 ,
                 but
                 moyling
                 ,
                 and
                 turmoylidg
                 in
                 sl●u●ry
                 ?
                 But
                 comfortable
                 delight
                 ,
                 with
                 content
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 euery
                 thing
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 patterne
                 of
                 heauen
                 .
                 A
                 morsell
                 of
                 bread
                 with
                 comfort
                 ,
                 is
                 better
                 by
                 much
                 then
                 a
                 fat
                 Ox●
                 with
                 vnquietnesse
                 .
                 And
                 
                 who
                 can
                 deny
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 principall
                 end
                 of
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 honest
                 delight
                 of
                 one
                 wearied
                 with
                 the
                 works
                 of
                 his
                 lawfull
                 calling
                 ?
                 
                 The
                 very
                 workes
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 an
                 Orchard
                 and
                 Garden
                 ,
                 are
                 better
                 then
                 the
                 ease
                 and
                 rest
                 of
                 and
                 from
                 other
                 labours
                 .
                 When
                 God
                 had
                 made
                 man
                 after
                 his
                 owne
                 Image
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 perfect
                 state
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 haue
                 him
                 to
                 represent
                 himselfe
                 in
                 authority
                 ,
                 tranquillity
                 ,
                 and
                 pleasure
                 vpon
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 he
                 placed
                 him
                 in
                 Paradise
                 .
                 What
                 was
                 Paradise
                 ?
                 
                 but
                 a
                 Garden
                 and
                 Orchard
                 of
                 trees
                 and
                 hearbs
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 pleasure
                 ?
                 and
                 nothing
                 there
                 but
                 delights
                 .
                 The
                 gods
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 resembling
                 the
                 great
                 God
                 of
                 heauen
                 in
                 authority
                 ,
                 Maiestie
                 ,
                 and
                 abundance
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 wherein
                 is
                 their
                 most
                 delight
                 ?
                 and
                 whither
                 doe
                 they
                 withdraw
                 themselues
                 from
                 the
                 troublesome
                 affaires
                 of
                 their
                 estate
                 ,
                 
                 being
                 tyred
                 with
                 the
                 hearing
                 and
                 iudging
                 of
                 litigious
                 Controuersies
                 ?
                 choked
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 )
                 with
                 the
                 close
                 ayres
                 of
                 their
                 sumptuous
                 buildings
                 ,
                 their
                 stomacks
                 cloyed
                 with
                 variety
                 of
                 Banquets
                 ,
                 their
                 cares
                 filled
                 and
                 ouerburthened
                 with
                 tedious
                 discoursings
                 ?
                 
                 whither
                 ?
                 but
                 into
                 their
                 Or●hards
                 ?
                 made
                 and
                 prepared
                 ,
                 dressed
                 and
                 destinated
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 to
                 renue
                 and
                 refresh
                 their
                 sences
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 call
                 home
                 their
                 ouer-wearied
                 spirits
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 (
                 no
                 doubt
                 )
                 a
                 comfort
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 set
                 open
                 their
                 Cazements
                 into
                 a
                 most
                 delicate
                 Garden
                 and
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 may
                 not
                 onely
                 see
                 that
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 much
                 delighted
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 to
                 giue
                 fresh
                 ,
                 sweet
                 ,
                 and
                 pleasant
                 ayre
                 to
                 their
                 Galleries
                 and
                 Chambers
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 looke
                 ,
                 what
                 these
                 men
                 do
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 greatnes
                 and
                 ability
                 ,
                 prouoked
                 with
                 delight
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 same
                 doubtlesse
                 would
                 euery
                 of
                 vs
                 doe
                 ,
                 if
                 power
                 were
                 answerable
                 to
                 our
                 desires
                 ,
                 whereby
                 we
                 shew
                 manifestly
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 delights
                 on
                 earth
                 ,
                 they
                 that
                 are
                 taken
                 by
                 Orchards
                 ,
                 
                 are
                 most
                 excellent
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 agreeing
                 with
                 nature
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 whereas
                 euery
                 other
                 pleasure
                 commonly
                 filles
                 some
                 one
                 of
                 our
                 sences
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 that
                 onely
                 ,
                 with
                 delight
                 ,
                 this
                 makes
                 all
                 our
                 sences
                 swimme
                 in
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 w●th
                 infinite
                 variety
                 ,
                 ioyned
                 with
                 no
                 less●
                 commodity
                 .
              
               
                 
                 That
                 famous
                 Philosopher
                 ,
                 and
                 matchlesse
                 Orator
                 ,
                 
                   M.
                   T.
                   C.
                
                 prescribeth
                 nothing
                 more
                 fit
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 the
                 tediousnesse
                 and
                 heauy
                 load
                 of
                 three
                 or
                 foure
                 score
                 yeeres
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 pleasure
                 of
                 an
                 Orchard
                 .
              
               
                 
                 What
                 can
                 your
                 eye
                 desire
                 to
                 see
                 ,
                 your
                 eares
                 to
                 hear
                 ,
                 your
                 mouth
                 to
                 tast
                 ,
                 or
                 your
                 nose
                 to
                 smell
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 in
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 with
                 abundance
                 and
                 variety
                 ?
                 What
                 more
                 delightsome
                 then
                 an
                 infinite
                 variety
                 of
                 sweet
                 smelling
                 flowers
                 ?
                 decking
                 with
                 sundry
                 colours
                 ,
                 the
                 greene
                 mantle
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 the
                 vniuersall
                 Mother
                 of
                 vs
                 all
                 ,
                 so
                 by
                 them
                 bespotted
                 ,
                 so
                 dyed
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 world
                 cannot
                 sample
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 wherein
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 fit
                 to
                 admire
                 the
                 Dyer
                 ,
                 then
                 imitate
                 his
                 workemanship
                 .
                 Colouring
                 not
                 onely
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 but
                 decking
                 the
                 ayre
                 ,
                 and
                 sweetning
                 euery
                 breath
                 and
                 spirit
                 .
              
               
                 
                 The
                 Rose
                 red
                 ,
                 damaske
                 ,
                 veluet
                 ,
                 and
                 double
                 double
                 prouince
                 Rose
                 ,
                 the
                 sweet
                 muske
                 Rose
                 double
                 and
                 single
                 ,
                 the
                 double
                 and
                 single
                 white
                 Rose
                 .
                 The
                 faire
                 and
                 sweet
                 senting
                 Woodbinde
                 ,
                 double
                 and
                 single
                 ,
                 and
                 double
                 double
                 .
                 Purple
                 Cowslips
                 ,
                 and
                 double
                 Cowsl●ps
                 ,
                 and
                 double
                 double
                 Cowslips
                 .
                 Primerose
                 double
                 and
                 single
                 .
                 The
                 Violet
                 nothing
                 behinde
                 the
                 best
                 ,
                 for
                 smelling
                 sweetly
                 .
                 A
                 thousand
                 more
                 will
                 prouoke
                 your
                 content
                 .
              
               
                 
                 And
                 all
                 these
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 skill
                 of
                 your
                 Gardner
                 ,
                 so
                 comely
                 ,
                 and
                 orderly
                 placed
                 in
                 your
                 Borders
                 and
                 Squares
                 ,
                 and
                 ●o
                 intermingled
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 looking
                 thereon
                 ,
                 cannot
                 but
                 wonder
                 ,
                 to
                 see
                 ,
                 what
                 Nature
                 corrected
                 by
                 Art
                 can
                 doe
                 .
              
               
               
                 When
                 you
                 behold
                 in
                 diuers
                 corners
                 of
                 your
                 Orchard
                 Mounts
                 of
                 stone
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 wood
                 curiously
                 wrought
                 within
                 and
                 without
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 of
                 earth
                 couered
                 with
                 fruit-trees
                 :
                 Kentish
                 Cherry
                 ,
                 Damsons
                 ,
                 Plummes
                 ,
                 &c.
                 with
                 staires
                 of
                 precious
                 workmanship
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 some
                 corner
                 (
                 or
                 moe
                 )
                 a
                 true
                 Dyall
                 or
                 Clocke
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 some
                 Anticke-workes
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 siluer-sounding
                 Musique
                 ,
                 
                 mixt
                 Instruments
                 and
                 voices
                 ,
                 gracing
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 :
                 How
                 will
                 you
                 be
                 rapt
                 with
                 delight
                 ?
              
               
                 Large
                 Walkes
                 ,
                 
                 broad
                 and
                 long
                 ,
                 close
                 and
                 open
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 Tempe
                 groues
                 in
                 Thessalie
                 ,
                 
                 raised
                 with
                 grauell
                 and
                 sand
                 ,
                 hauing
                 seats
                 and
                 bankes
                 of
                 Cammomile
                 ,
                 all
                 this
                 delights
                 the
                 minde
                 ,
                 and
                 brings
                 health
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 .
              
               
                 View
                 now
                 with
                 delight
                 the
                 workes
                 of
                 your
                 owne
                 hands
                 ,
                 your
                 fruit-trees
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 ,
                 
                 loaden
                 with
                 sweet
                 blossomes
                 ,
                 and
                 fruit
                 of
                 all
                 tasts
                 ,
                 operations
                 ,
                 and
                 colours
                 :
                 your
                 trees
                 standing
                 in
                 comely
                 order
                 which
                 way
                 soeuer
                 you
                 looke
                 .
              
               
                 Your
                 borders
                 on
                 euery
                 side
                 hanging
                 and
                 drooping
                 with
                 Feberries
                 ,
                 Raspberries
                 ,
                 Barberries
                 ,
                 Currens
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rootes
                 of
                 your
                 trees
                 powdred
                 with
                 Strawberries
                 ,
                 red
                 ,
                 white
                 ,
                 and
                 greene
                 ,
                 what
                 a
                 pleasure
                 is
                 this
                 ?
                 Your
                 Gardner
                 can
                 frame
                 your
                 lesser
                 wood
                 to
                 the
                 shape
                 of
                 men
                 armed
                 in
                 the
                 field
                 ,
                 
                 ready
                 to
                 giue
                 battell
                 :
                 or
                 swift
                 running
                 Greyhounds
                 :
                 or
                 of
                 well
                 sented
                 and
                 true
                 running
                 Hounds
                 ,
                 to
                 chase
                 the
                 Deere
                 ,
                 or
                 hunt
                 the
                 Hare
                 .
                 This
                 kind
                 of
                 hunting
                 shall
                 not
                 waste
                 your
                 corne
                 ,
                 nor
                 much
                 your
                 coyne
                 .
              
               
                 Mazes
                 well
                 framed
                 a
                 mans
                 height
                 ,
                 
                 may
                 perhaps
                 make
                 your
                 friend
                 wander
                 in
                 gathering
                 of
                 berries
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 cannot
                 recouer
                 himselfe
                 without
                 your
                 helpe
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 haue
                 occasion
                 to
                 exercise
                 within
                 your
                 Orchard
                 :
                 it
                 shall
                 be
                 a
                 pleasure
                 to
                 haue
                 a
                 Bowling
                 Alley
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 rather
                 
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 more
                 manly
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 healthfull
                 )
                 a
                 paire
                 of
                 Buts
                 ,
                 
                 to
                 stretch
                 your
                 armes
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Rosemary
                 and
                 sweete
                 Eglantine
                 are
                 seemely
                 ornaments
                 about
                 a
                 Doore
                 or
                 Window
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 is
                 Woodbinde
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Looke
                 Chapter
                 5
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 shall
                 see
                 the
                 forme
                 of
                 a
                 Conduite
                 .
                 If
                 there
                 were
                 two
                 or
                 more
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 not
                 amisse
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 in
                 mine
                 opinion
                 ,
                 I
                 could
                 highly
                 commend
                 your
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 if
                 either
                 through
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 hard
                 by
                 it
                 there
                 should
                 runne
                 a
                 pleasant
                 Riuer
                 with
                 siluer
                 streames
                 :
                 
                 you
                 might
                 sit
                 in
                 your
                 Mount
                 ,
                 and
                 angle
                 a
                 peckled
                 Trout
                 ,
                 or
                 sleightie
                 Eele
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 dainty
                 Fish.
                 Or
                 moats
                 ,
                 
                 whereon
                 you
                 might
                 row
                 with
                 a
                 Boate
                 ,
                 and
                 fish
                 with
                 Nettes
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Store
                 of
                 Bees
                 in
                 a
                 dry
                 and
                 warme
                 Bee-house
                 ,
                 comely
                 made
                 of
                 Fir-boords
                 ,
                 to
                 sing
                 ,
                 and
                 sit
                 ,
                 and
                 feede
                 vpon
                 your
                 flowers
                 and
                 sprouts
                 ,
                 make
                 a
                 pleasant
                 noyse
                 and
                 sight
                 .
                 For
                 cleanely
                 and
                 innocent
                 Bees
                 ,
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 lone
                 and
                 become
                 ,
                 and
                 thriue
                 in
                 an
                 Orchard
                 .
                 If
                 they
                 thriue
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 must
                 needes
                 ,
                 if
                 your
                 Gardiner
                 bee
                 skilfull
                 ,
                 and
                 loue
                 them
                 :
                 for
                 they
                 loue
                 their
                 friends
                 ,
                 and
                 hate
                 none
                 but
                 their
                 enemies
                 )
                 they
                 will
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 yeeld
                 great
                 profit
                 ,
                 to
                 p●y
                 him
                 his
                 wages
                 Yea
                 ,
                 the
                 increase
                 of
                 twenty
                 Stockes
                 of
                 Stooles
                 ,
                 with
                 other
                 fees●
                 will
                 keepe
                 your
                 Orchard
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 need
                 not
                 doubt
                 their
                 stings
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 h●rt
                 not
                 whom
                 they
                 know
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 know
                 their
                 keeper
                 and
                 acquaintance
                 .
                 If
                 you
                 like
                 not
                 to
                 come
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 you
                 need
                 not
                 d●ubt
                 them
                 :
                 for
                 but
                 neere
                 the●r
                 store
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 their
                 owne
                 defence
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 fight
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 that
                 case
                 onely
                 (
                 and
                 who
                 can
                 blame
                 them
                 ?
                 )
                 they
                 are
                 m●nly
                 ,
                 and
                 figh●
                 desperately
                 .
                 Some
                 (
                 as
                 that
                 Honorable
                 Lady
                 
                 at
                 Hacknes
                 ,
                 whose
                 name
                 doth
                 much●
                 grace
                 mine
                 Orchard
                 )
                 vse
                 to
                 make
                 seates
                 for
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 stone
                 wall
                 of
                 their
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 or
                 Garden
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 good
                 ,
                 but
                 wood
                 is
                 better
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Vine
                 ouer-shadowing
                 a
                 seate
                 ,
                 
                 ●●is
                 very
                 comely
                 ,
                 though
                 her
                 Grapes
                 with
                 vs
                 ripe
                 slowly
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 chiefe
                 grace
                 that
                 adornes
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 
                 I
                 cannot
                 let
                 slip
                 :
                 A
                 brood
                 of
                 Nightingales
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 with
                 their
                 seuerall
                 notes
                 and
                 tunes
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 delightsome
                 voyce
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 weake
                 body
                 ,
                 will
                 beare
                 you
                 company
                 night
                 and
                 day
                 .
                 She
                 loues
                 (
                 and
                 liues
                 in
                 )
                 hots
                 of
                 woods
                 in
                 her
                 hart
                 .
                 She
                 will
                 helpe
                 you
                 to
                 cleanse
                 your
                 trees
                 of
                 Caterpillers
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 noysome
                 wormes
                 and
                 flyes
                 .
                 
                 The
                 gentle
                 Robin●red-brest
                 will
                 helpe
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 winter
                 in
                 the
                 coldest
                 stormes
                 will
                 keepe
                 a
                 part
                 .
                 
                 Neither
                 wi●l
                 the
                 silly
                 Wren
                 be
                 behind
                 in
                 Summer
                 ,
                 with
                 her
                 distinct
                 whistle
                 (
                 like
                 a
                 sweete
                 Recorder
                 )
                 to
                 cheere
                 your
                 spirits
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Black-bird
                 and
                 Th●estle
                 (
                 for
                 I
                 take
                 it
                 the
                 Thrush
                 sings
                 not
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 deuoures
                 )
                 sing
                 loudly
                 in
                 a
                 May
                 morn●●●●
                 and
                 delights
                 the
                 eare
                 much
                 (
                 and
                 you
                 neede
                 not
                 〈◊〉
                 their
                 company
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 haue
                 ripe
                 Cherries
                 or
                 Berries
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 ●s
                 gladly
                 as
                 the
                 rest
                 do
                 you
                 pleasure
                 :
                 )
                 But
                 I
                 had
                 rather
                 want
                 their
                 company
                 than
                 my
                 fruit
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 shall
                 I
                 say
                 ?
                 A
                 thousand
                 of
                 pleasant
                 delightes
                 are
                 attendant
                 in
                 an
                 Orchard
                 :
                 and
                 sooner
                 shall
                 I
                 be
                 weary
                 ,
                 then
                 I
                 can
                 recken
                 the
                 least
                 part
                 of
                 that
                 pl●asure
                 ,
                 which
                 one
                 that
                 hath
                 and
                 loues
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 may
                 find
                 therein
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 is
                 there
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 few
                 that
                 I
                 haue
                 reckoned
                 ,
                 which
                 doth
                 not
                 please
                 the
                 eye
                 ,
                 the
                 eare
                 ,
                 the
                 smell
                 ,
                 and
                 taste
                 ?
                 And
                 by
                 these
                 sences
                 as
                 Organes
                 ,
                 Pipes
                 ,
                 and
                 windowes
                 ,
                 these
                 delights
                 are
                 carried
                 to
                 refresh
                 the
                 gentle
                 ,
                 generous
                 ,
                 and
                 noble
                 mind
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 what
                 ioy
                 may
                 you
                 haue
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 liuing
                 to
                 such
                 an
                 age
                 ,
                 shall
                 see
                 the
                 blessings
                 of
                 God
                 on
                 your
                 labours
                 while
                 you
                 liue
                 ,
                 and
                 leaue
                 behind
                 you
                 to
                 heires
                 or
                 successors
                 (
                 for
                 God
                 will
                 make
                 heires
                 )
                 such
                 a
                 worke
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 ages
                 after
                 your
                 death
                 ,
                 shall
                 record
                 your
                 loue
                 to
                 their
                 Countrey
                 ?
                 And
                 the
                 rather
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 consider
                 (
                 Chap.
                 14.
                 )
                 to
                 what
                 length
                 of
                 time
                 your
                 worke
                 is
                 like
                 to
                 last
                 .
              
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
        
         
      
       
         
           
             
             
               THE
               COVNTRY
               HOVSE-VVIFES
               GARDEN
               .
               Containing
               Rules
               for
               Hearbs
               and
               Seedes
               of
               common
               vse
               ,
               with
               their
               times
               and
               seasons
               ,
               when
               to
               set
               and
               sow
               them
               .
            
             
               TOGETHER
               ,
               With
               the
               Husbandry
               of
               Bees
               ,
               published
               with
               secrets
               very
               necessary
               for
               euery
               House-wife
               .
               As
               also
               diuerse
               new
               Knots
               for
               Gardens
               .
            
             
               The
               Contents
               see
               at
               large
               in
               the
               last
               Page
               .
            
             
               
                 Genes
                 .
                 2.29
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 haue
                 giuen
                 vnto
                 you
                 euery
                 Herbe
                 ,
                 and
                 euery
                 tree
                 ,
                 that
                 shall
                 be
                 to
                 you
                 for
                 meate
                 .
              
            
             
               LONDON
               ,
               Printed
               by
               
                 Nicholas
                 Okes
              
               for
               IOHN
               HARISON
               ,
               at
               the
               golden
               Vnicorne
               in
               Pater-noster-row
               .
               1631.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
             
               THE
               COVNTRY
               HOVS
               VVIFES
               GARDEN
               .
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Soyle
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 soyle
                 of
                 an
                 Orchard
                 and
                 Garden
                 ,
                 differ
                 onely
                 in
                 these
                 three
                 points
                 :
                 First
                 ,
                 the
                 Gardens
                 soyle
                 would
                 be
                 somewhat
                 dryer
                 ,
                 
                 because
                 hearbes
                 being
                 more
                 tender
                 then
                 trees
                 ,
                 can
                 neither
                 abide
                 moisture
                 nor
                 drought
                 ,
                 in
                 such
                 excessiue
                 measure
                 ,
                 as
                 trees
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 hauing
                 a
                 dryer
                 soyle
                 ,
                 the
                 remedy
                 is
                 easie
                 against
                 drought
                 ,
                 if
                 need
                 be
                 :
                 water
                 soundly
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 with
                 small
                 labour
                 ,
                 the
                 compasse
                 of
                 a
                 Garden
                 being
                 nothing
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 cause
                 (
                 if
                 they
                 know
                 it
                 )
                 that
                 Gardners
                 raise
                 their
                 squares
                 :
                 but
                 if
                 moysture
                 trouble
                 you
                 ,
                 I
                 see
                 no
                 remedy
                 without
                 a
                 generall
                 danger
                 ,
                 
                 except
                 in
                 Hops
                 ,
                 which
                 delight
                 much
                 in
                 a
                 low
                 and
                 sappy
                 earth
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 the
                 soyle
                 of
                 a
                 Garden
                 would
                 be
                 plaine
                 and
                 
                 leuell
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 euery
                 square
                 (
                 for
                 we
                 purpose
                 the
                 square
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 fittest
                 forme
                 )
                 the
                 reason
                 :
                 
                 the
                 earth
                 of
                 a
                 garden
                 wanting
                 such
                 helpes
                 ,
                 as
                 should
                 stay
                 the
                 water
                 ,
                 which
                 an
                 orchard
                 hath
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rootes
                 of
                 hearbes
                 being
                 short
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 fetch
                 their
                 liquor
                 from
                 the
                 bottome
                 ,
                 are
                 more
                 annoyed
                 by
                 drought
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 soyle
                 being
                 mellow
                 and
                 loose
                 ,
                 is
                 soone
                 either
                 washt
                 away
                 ,
                 or
                 sends
                 out
                 his
                 heart
                 by
                 too
                 much
                 drenching
                 and
                 washing
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 if
                 a
                 garden
                 soyle
                 be
                 not
                 cleere
                 of
                 weedes
                 ,
                 and
                 namely
                 ,
                 of
                 grasse
                 ,
                 the
                 hearbes
                 shall
                 neuer
                 thriue
                 :
                 for
                 how
                 should
                 good
                 hearbes
                 prosper
                 ,
                 when
                 euill
                 weeds
                 waxe
                 so
                 fast
                 :
                 considering
                 good
                 hearbes
                 are
                 tender
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 euill
                 weedes
                 :
                 these
                 being
                 strengthened
                 by
                 nature
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 by
                 art
                 ?
                 Gardens
                 haue
                 small
                 place
                 in
                 comparison
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 may
                 be
                 more
                 easily
                 be
                 fallowed
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 least
                 one
                 halfe
                 yeare
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 better
                 dressed
                 after
                 it
                 is
                 framed
                 .
                 And
                 you
                 shall
                 finde
                 that
                 cleane
                 keeping
                 doth
                 not
                 onely
                 auoide
                 danger
                 of
                 gathering
                 weedes
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 is
                 a
                 speciall
                 ornament
                 ,
                 and
                 leaues
                 more
                 plentifull
                 sap
                 for
                 your
                 tender
                 hearbes
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 2.
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 Sites
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 Cannot
                 see
                 in
                 any
                 sort
                 ,
                 how
                 the
                 site
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 other
                 :
                 The
                 ends
                 of
                 both
                 being
                 one
                 ,
                 good
                 ,
                 wholesome
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 fruit
                 ioyned
                 with
                 delight
                 ,
                 vnlesse
                 trees
                 be
                 more
                 able
                 to
                 abide
                 the
                 nipping
                 frostes
                 than
                 tender
                 hearbes
                 :
                 but
                 I
                 am
                 sure
                 ,
                 the
                 flowers
                 of
                 trees
                 are
                 as
                 soo●
                 perished
                 with
                 cold
                 ,
                 as
                 any
                 hearbe
                 except
                 Pumpions
                 ,
                 and
                 Melons
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 3.
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 Forme
                 .
              
               
                 LEt
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 sayd
                 in
                 the
                 Orchards
                 forme
                 ,
                 suffice
                 for
                 a
                 garden
                 in
                 generall
                 :
                 but
                 for
                 speciall
                 formes
                 in
                 squares
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 as
                 many
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 are
                 diuices
                 in
                 Gardners
                 braines
                 .
                 Neither
                 is
                 the
                 wit
                 and
                 art
                 of
                 a
                 skilfull
                 Gardner
                 in
                 this
                 poynt
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 commended
                 ,
                 that
                 can
                 worke
                 more
                 variety
                 for
                 breeding
                 of
                 more
                 delightsome
                 choyce
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 things
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 owner
                 is
                 able
                 and
                 desirous
                 to
                 be
                 satisfied
                 .
                 The
                 number
                 of
                 formes
                 ,
                 Mazes
                 and
                 Knots
                 is
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 and
                 men
                 are
                 so
                 diuersly
                 delighted
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 leaue
                 euery
                 House-wife
                 to
                 her selfe
                 ,
                 especially
                 seeing
                 to
                 set
                 downe
                 many
                 ,
                 had
                 bene
                 but
                 to
                 fill
                 much
                 paper
                 ;
                 yet
                 lest
                 I
                 depriue
                 her
                 of
                 all
                 delight
                 and
                 direction
                 ,
                 let
                 her
                 view
                 these
                 few
                 ,
                 choyse
                 ,
                 new
                 formes
                 ,
                 and
                 note
                 this
                 generally
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 plots
                 are
                 square
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 are
                 bordered
                 about
                 with
                 Priuit
                 ,
                 Raisins
                 ,
                 Fea-berries
                 ,
                 Roses
                 ,
                 Thorne
                 ,
                 Rosemary
                 ,
                 Bee-flowers
                 ,
                 Isop
                 ,
                 Sage
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 like
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                   
                     The
                     ground
                     plot
                     for
                     Knots
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Cinkfoyle
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     Flower-●e●uce
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Trefoyle
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     The
                     ●ret
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Lozenge●●
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     Crosse-bow
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Diamond
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     Ouall
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Maze
                     .
                  
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 4.
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 Quantity
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Garden
                 requireth
                 not
                 so
                 large
                 a
                 scope
                 of
                 ground
                 as
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 regard
                 of
                 the
                 much
                 weeding
                 ,
                 dressing
                 and
                 remouing
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 the
                 paines
                 in
                 a
                 Garden
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 well
                 repaied
                 home
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 an
                 Orchard
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 graunted
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Kitchin
                 garden
                 doth
                 yeeld
                 rich
                 gaines
                 by
                 berries
                 ,
                 roots
                 ,
                 cabbages
                 ,
                 &c.
                 yet
                 these
                 are
                 no
                 way
                 comparable
                 to
                 the
                 fruits
                 of
                 a
                 rich
                 Orchard
                 :
                 but
                 notwithstanding
                 I
                 am
                 of
                 opinion
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 were
                 better
                 for
                 England
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 had
                 more
                 Orchards
                 and
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 large
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 we
                 leaue
                 the
                 quantity
                 to
                 euery
                 mans
                 ability
                 and
                 will.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 5.
                 
                 Of
                 Fence
                 .
              
               
                 SEeing
                 we
                 allow
                 Gardens
                 in
                 Orchard
                 plots
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 a
                 Garden
                 is
                 much
                 ,
                 they
                 both
                 require
                 a
                 strong
                 and
                 shrowding
                 fence
                 .
                 Therefore
                 leauing
                 this
                 ,
                 let
                 vs
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 hearbs
                 themselues
                 ,
                 which
                 must
                 be
                 the
                 fruit
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 labours
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 6.
                 
                 Of
                 two
                 Gardens
                 .
              
               
                 HEarbes
                 are
                 of
                 two
                 sorts
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 it
                 is
                 meete
                 (
                 they
                 requiring
                 diuers
                 manners
                 of
                 Husbandry
                 )
                 that
                 we
                 haue
                 two
                 Gardens
                 :
                 A
                 garden
                 for
                 flowers
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Kitchen
                 garden
                 :
                 or
                 a
                 Summer
                 garden
                 :
                 not
                 that
                 we
                 meane
                 so
                 perfect
                 a
                 distinction
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Garden
                 for
                 flowers
                 should
                 or
                 can
                 be
                 without
                 hearbes
                 good
                 for
                 the
                 Kitchen
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Kitchen
                 garde●
                 should
                 want
                 flowers
                 ,
                 nor
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 :
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 seuered
                 :
                 first
                 ,
                 because
                 your
                 Garden
                 flowers
                 shall
                 suffer
                 some
                 disgrace
                 ,
                 if
                 among
                 them
                 you
                 intermingle
                 O●ions
                 ,
                 Parsnips
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 your
                 Garden
                 that
                 is
                 durable
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 of
                 one
                 forme
                 :
                 but
                 that
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 for
                 your
                 Kitchens
                 vse
                 ,
                 must
                 yeeld
                 daily
                 rootes
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 hearbes
                 ,
                 and
                 suffer
                 deformity
                 .
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 the
                 hearbs
                 of
                 both
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 both
                 alike
                 ready
                 ,
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 ,
                 either
                 for
                 gathering
                 ,
                 or
                 remouing
                 .
                 First
                 therefore
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Summer
                   Garden
                   .
                
                 
                   THese
                   hearbs
                   and
                   flowers
                   are
                   comely
                   and
                   durable
                   for
                   squ●●es
                   and
                   knots
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   to
                   be
                   set
                   at
                   Michael-tide
                   ,
                   or
                   somewhat
                   before
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   setled
                   in
                   ,
                   and
                   taken
                   with
                   the
                   ground●
                   before
                   winter
                   ,
                   though
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   set
                   ,
                   especially
                   sowne
                   in
                   the
                   spring
                   .
                
                 
                   Roses
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   (
                   spoken
                   of
                   in
                   the
                   Orchard
                   )
                   must
                   be
                   
                   ●
                   be●t
                   .
                   Some
                   vie
                   to
                   ●et
                   sl●ps
                   and
                   twine
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   but
                   seldome
                   thriue
                   all
                   .
                
                 
                   Rosemary
                   ,
                   Lauender
                   ,
                   Bee
                   flowers
                   ,
                   Isop
                   ,
                   Sage
                   ,
                   Time
                   ,
                   Cowslips
                   ,
                   Pyony
                   ,
                   D●●ies
                   ,
                   Cloue
                   Gilnflowers
                   ,
                   Pinkes
                   ,
                   Sothernwood
                   ,
                   L●●lies
                   ,
                   of
                   all
                   which
                   hereafter
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Kitchen
                   Garden
                   .
                
                 
                   THough
                   your
                   Garden
                   for
                   flowers
                   doth
                   in
                   a
                   sort
                   peculiarly
                   challenge
                   to
                   it
                   se●fe
                   a
                   profit
                   ,
                   and
                   exquisite
                   forme
                   to
                   the
                   eyes
                   ,
                   yet
                   you
                   may
                   not
                   altogether
                   neglect
                   this
                   ,
                   where
                   your
                   hearbes
                   for
                   the
                   pot
                   do
                   growe
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   ,
                   some
                   here
                   make
                   comely
                   borders
                   with
                   the
                   hearbes
                   aforesayd
                   .
                   The
                   ra●her
                   because
                   aboundance
                   of
                   Roses
                   and
                   Lauender
                   yeeld
                   much
                   profit
                   ,
                   and
                   comfort
                   to
                   the
                   sences
                   :
                   Rose-water
                   and
                   Lauender
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   cordiall
                   (
                   as
                   also
                   the
                   Violets
                   ,
                   Burrage
                   ,
                   and
                   Buglas
                   )
                   the
                   other
                   reuiuing
                   the
                   spirits
                   by
                   the
                   sence
                   of
                   smelling
                   :
                   both
                   most
                   ●urable
                   for
                   smell
                   ,
                   both
                   in
                   flowers
                   and
                   water
                   :
                   you
                   need
                   not
                   here
                   ●aise
                   your
                   beds
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   other
                   garden
                   ,
                   because
                   Summer
                   towards
                   ,
                   will
                   not
                   let
                   too
                   much
                   wet
                   annoy
                   you
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   these
                   hearbes
                   require
                   more
                   moysture
                   :
                   yet
                   must
                   you
                   haue
                   your
                   beds
                   diuided
                   ,
                   that
                   you
                   may
                   goe
                   betwixt
                   to
                   weede
                   ,
                   and
                   somewhat
                   forme
                   would
                   be
                   expected
                   :
                   To
                   which
                   it
                   auaileth
                   ,
                   that
                   you
                   place
                   your
                   herbes
                   of
                   biggest
                   growth
                   ,
                   by
                   walles
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   borders
                   ,
                   as
                   Fenell
                   ,
                   &c.
                   and
                   the
                   lowest
                   in
                   the
                   middest
                   ,
                   as
                   Saffron
                   ,
                   Strawberries
                   ,
                   Onions
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 7.
                 
                 Diuision
                 of
                 hearbs
                 .
              
               
                 GArden
                 hearbs
                 are
                 innumerable
                 ,
                 yet
                 these
                 are
                 common
                 and
                 sufficient
                 for
                 our
                 country
                 House-wifes
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Hearbs
                   of
                   greatest
                   growth
                   .
                
                 
                   Fenell
                   ,
                   Anglica
                   ,
                   Tansie
                   ,
                   Hollihock
                   ,
                   Louage
                   ,
                   Elly
                   Campane
                   ,
                   French
                   mallows
                   ,
                   Lillies
                   ,
                   French
                   poppy
                   ,
                   Endiue
                   ,
                   Succory
                   and
                   Clary
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Herbes
                   of
                   middle
                   growth
                   .
                
                 
                   Burrage
                   ,
                   Buglas
                   ,
                   Pa●sley
                   ,
                   sweete
                   Sicilly
                   ,
                   Floure-de-luce
                   ,
                   Stocke
                   Gil●flowers
                   ,
                   Wall-flowers
                   ,
                   Anniseedes
                   ,
                   Coriander
                   ,
                   Feather
                   fewell
                   ,
                   Marigolds
                   ,
                   Oculus
                   Christi
                   ,
                   Langdibeefe
                   ,
                   Alexanders
                   ,
                   Carduus
                   Benedictus
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Hearbes
                   of
                   smallest
                   growth
                   .
                
                 
                   Pansy
                   ,
                   or
                   Har●s-ease
                   ,
                   Coast
                   Margeram
                   ,
                   Sauery
                   ,
                   Strawberries
                   ,
                   Saffron
                   ,
                   Lycoras
                   ,
                   Daff●downdillies
                   ,
                   Leekes
                   ,
                   Chiues
                   ,
                   Chibals
                   ,
                   Skerots
                   ,
                   Onions
                   ,
                   Batchellors
                   buttons
                   ,
                   D●sies
                   ,
                   Peniroyall
                   .
                
                 
                   Hitherto
                   I
                   haue
                   onely
                   reckoned
                   vp
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   in
                   this
                   ranke
                   ,
                   some
                   hearbs
                   .
                   Their
                   Husbandry
                   follow
                   each
                   in
                   an
                   Alphabeticall
                   order
                   ,
                   the
                   better
                   to
                   be
                   found
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 8.
                 
                 Husbandry
                 of
                 Herbes
                 .
              
               
                 ALexanders
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 renewed
                 as
                 Angelica
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 timely
                 Pot-hearbe
                 .
              
               
                 Anglica
                 is
                 renued
                 with
                 his
                 seede
                 ,
                 whereof
                 he
                 beareth
                 plenty
                 the
                 second
                 yeare
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 dieth
                 .
                 You
                 may
                 remoue
                 the
                 rootes
                 the
                 first
                 yeare
                 .
                 The
                 leaues
                 distilled
                 ,
                 
                 yeeld
                 water
                 soueraigne
                 to
                 expell
                 paine
                 from
                 the
                 stomacke
                 .
                 The
                 roote
                 dried
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 fall
                 ,
                 stoppeth
                 the
                 poares
                 against
                 infections
                 .
              
               
                 Annyseedes
                 make
                 their
                 growth
                 ,
                 and
                 beareth
                 seeds
                 the
                 first
                 yeere
                 ,
                 and
                 dieth
                 as
                 Coriander
                 :
                 it
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 opening
                 the
                 pipes
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 vsed
                 in
                 Comfits
                 .
              
               
                 Art●choakes
                 are
                 renewed
                 by
                 diuiding
                 the
                 rootes
                 into
                 sets
                 ,
                 in
                 March
                 ,
                 euery
                 third
                 or
                 fourth
                 yeare
                 .
                 They
                 require
                 a
                 seuerall
                 vsage
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 a
                 seuerall
                 whole
                 plot
                 by
                 themselues
                 ,
                 especially
                 considering
                 they
                 are
                 plentifull
                 of
                 fruite
                 much
                 desired
                 .
              
               
                 Burrage
                 and
                 Buglas
                 ,
                 two
                 Cordials
                 ,
                 renue
                 themselues
                 by
                 seed
                 yearely
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 hard
                 to
                 be
                 gathered
                 :
                 they
                 are
                 exceeding
                 good
                 Pot-hearbes
                 ,
                 good
                 for
                 Bees
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 comfortable
                 for
                 the
                 heart
                 and
                 stomacke
                 ,
                 as
                 Quinces
                 and
                 Wardens
                 .
              
               
                 Camomile
                 ,
                 set
                 rootes
                 in
                 bankes
                 and
                 walkes
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 sweete
                 smelling
                 ,
                 qualifying
                 head-●ch
                 .
              
               
                 Cabbages
                 require
                 great
                 roome
                 ,
                 they
                 seed
                 the
                 second
                 yeare
                 :
                 sow
                 them
                 in
                 February
                 ,
                 remoue
                 them
                 when
                 the
                 plants
                 are
                 an
                 handfull
                 long
                 ,
                 set
                 deepe
                 and
                 wet
                 .
                 Looke
                 well
                 in
                 drought
                 for
                 the
                 white
                 Caterpillers
                 worme
                 ,
                 the
                 spaunes
                 vnder
                 the
                 leafe
                 closely
                 :
                 for
                 euery
                 liuing
                 Creature
                 doth
                 seeke
                 foode
                 and
                 quiet
                 shelter
                 ,
                 and
                 growing
                 quicke
                 ,
                 they
                 draw
                 to
                 ,
                 and
                 eate
                 the
                 heart
                 :
                 you
                 may
                 finde
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 rainy
                 deawy
                 morning
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 good
                 Pothearbe
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 this
                 hearbe
                 called
                 Cole
                 ,
                 our
                 Countrie
                 House-wiues
                 giue
                 their
                 pottage
                 their
                 name
                 ,
                 and
                 call
                 them
                 Caell
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Carduus
                   Benedictus
                
                 ,
                 or
                 blessed
                 thistle
                 ,
                 seeds
                 and
                 dyes
                 the
                 first
                 yeere
                 ,
                 the
                 excellent
                 vertue
                 thereof
                 I
                 referre
                 to
                 Herbals
                 ,
                 for
                 we
                 are
                 Gardiners
                 ,
                 not
                 Physitians
                 .
              
               
                 Carrets
                 are
                 sowne
                 late
                 in
                 Aprill
                 or
                 May
                 ,
                 as
                 Turneps
                 ,
                 
                 else
                 they
                 seede
                 the
                 first
                 yeere
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 their
                 roots
                 are
                 naught
                 :
                 the
                 second
                 yeere
                 they
                 dye
                 ,
                 thei●
                 roots
                 grow
                 great
                 ,
                 and
                 require
                 large
                 roome
                 .
              
               
                 Chibals
                 or
                 Chiues
                 haue
                 their
                 roots
                 parted
                 ,
                 as
                 Garlick
                 ,
                 Lillies
                 ,
                 &c.
                 and
                 so
                 are
                 they
                 set
                 euery
                 third
                 or
                 fourth
                 yeere
                 :
                 a
                 good
                 pot-hearb
                 opening
                 ,
                 but
                 euill
                 for
                 the
                 eies
                 .
              
               
                 Clarie
                 is
                 sowne
                 ,
                 it
                 seeds
                 the
                 second
                 yeere
                 ,
                 and
                 dyes
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 somewhat
                 harsh
                 in
                 taste
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 in
                 pottage
                 is
                 good
                 ,
                 it
                 strengtheneth
                 the
                 reines
                 .
              
               
                 Coast
                 ,
                 Roo●es
                 parted
                 make
                 sets
                 in
                 March
                 :
                 it
                 beares
                 the
                 second
                 yeere
                 :
                 it
                 is
                 vsed
                 in
                 A
                 e
                 in
                 May.
                 
              
               
                 Cor●ander
                 is
                 for
                 vsage
                 and
                 vses
                 ,
                 much
                 like
                 Anniseeds
                 .
              
               
                 Daffadownd●llies
                 haue
                 their
                 roots
                 parted
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 once
                 in
                 three
                 or
                 foure
                 yeere
                 ,
                 or
                 ●onger
                 time
                 .
                 The●
                 flower
                 timely
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 Midsammer
                 ,
                 are
                 scarcely
                 se●ne
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 mo●e
                 for
                 ornament
                 ,
                 then
                 for
                 vse
                 ,
                 so
                 are
                 Dasies
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Da●sie-rootes
                 parted
                 and
                 set
                 ,
                 as
                 Flowre-deluce
                 and
                 Camomile
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 see
                 them
                 grow
                 too
                 th●cke
                 or
                 decay
                 .
                 They
                 be
                 good
                 to
                 keepe
                 vp
                 ,
                 and
                 strengthen
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 your
                 borders
                 ,
                 as
                 Pinkes
                 ,
                 they
                 be
                 red
                 ,
                 white
                 ,
                 mixt
                 .
              
               
                 Ellycampane
                 root
                 is
                 long
                 lasting
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 the
                 Lou●ge
                 ,
                 it
                 se●ds
                 yeerely
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 diuide
                 the
                 root
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 the
                 roote
                 ,
                 taken
                 in
                 Winter
                 it
                 is
                 good
                 (
                 being
                 dryed
                 ,
                 powdered
                 and
                 dru●ke
                 to
                 kill
                 i●ches
                 .
              
               
                 Endiue
                 and
                 Suc●ory
                 are
                 much
                 like
                 in
                 nature
                 ,
                 shape
                 ,
                 and
                 vse
                 ,
                 they
                 renu●
                 themselues
                 by
                 seed
                 ,
                 a●
                 Fennell
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 hearbs
                 .
                 You
                 may
                 remoue
                 them
                 before
                 they
                 put
                 forth
                 shankes
                 ,
                 a
                 good
                 Pot-hearbe
                 .
              
               
                 Fennell
                 is
                 renued
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 the
                 seeds
                 (
                 which
                 it
                 beareth
                 the
                 second
                 yeere
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 yeerely
                 in
                 great
                 abundance
                 )
                 sowne
                 in
                 the
                 fall
                 or
                 Spring
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 diuiding
                 one
                 root
                 into
                 many
                 Sets
                 ,
                 as
                 A●tichoke
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 long
                 of
                 growth
                 
                 and
                 life
                 .
                 You
                 may
                 remoue
                 the
                 roote
                 vnshankt
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 exceeding
                 good
                 for
                 the
                 eyes
                 ,
                 distilled
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 otherwise
                 taken
                 :
                 it
                 is
                 vsed
                 in
                 dressing
                 Hiues
                 for
                 swarmes
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 good
                 Pot-hearbe
                 ,
                 or
                 for
                 Sallets
                 .
              
               
                 Fetherfewle
                 shakes
                 seed
                 .
                 Good
                 against
                 a
                 shaking
                 Feuer
                 ,
                 taken
                 in
                 a
                 posset
                 drinke
                 fasting
                 .
              
               
                 Flower-deluce
                 ,
                 long
                 lasting
                 .
                 Diuide
                 his
                 roots
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 :
                 the
                 roots
                 dryed
                 haue
                 a
                 sweet
                 smell
                 .
              
               
                 Garlicke
                 may
                 be
                 set
                 an
                 handfull
                 distance
                 ,
                 two
                 inches
                 deepe
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 edge
                 of
                 your
                 beds
                 .
                 Part
                 the
                 heads
                 into
                 seuerall
                 cloues
                 ,
                 and
                 euery
                 cloue
                 set
                 in
                 the
                 latter
                 end
                 of
                 February
                 ,
                 will
                 increase
                 to
                 a
                 great
                 head
                 before
                 September
                 :
                 good
                 for
                 opening
                 ,
                 euill
                 for
                 eyes
                 :
                 when
                 the
                 blade
                 is
                 long
                 ,
                 fast
                 two
                 &
                 two
                 together
                 ,
                 the
                 heads
                 will
                 be
                 bigger
                 .
              
               
                 Hollyhocke
                 riseth
                 high
                 ,
                 seedeth
                 and
                 dyeth
                 :
                 the
                 chiefe
                 vse
                 I
                 know
                 is
                 ornament
                 .
              
               
                 Isop
                 is
                 reasonable
                 long
                 lasting
                 :
                 young
                 roots
                 are
                 good
                 set
                 ,
                 slips
                 better
                 .
                 A
                 good
                 pot-hearbe
                 .
              
               
                 Iuly-flowers
                 ,
                 commonly
                 called
                 Gilly-flowers
                 ,
                 or
                 Cloue-Iuly-flowers
                 (
                 I
                 call
                 them
                 so
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 flowre
                 in
                 Iuly
                 )
                 they
                 haue
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 Cloues
                 ,
                 of
                 their
                 sent
                 .
                 I
                 may
                 well
                 call
                 them
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 flowers
                 (
                 except
                 the
                 Rose
                 )
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 sort
                 of
                 them
                 are
                 called
                 
                   Queene-Iuly
                   flowers
                
                 .
                 I
                 haue
                 of
                 them
                 ●ine
                 or
                 ten
                 seuerall
                 colours
                 ,
                 and
                 diuers
                 of
                 them
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 Roses
                 :
                 of
                 all
                 flowers
                 (
                 saue
                 the
                 Damaske
                 Rose
                 )
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 pleasant
                 to
                 sight
                 and
                 smell
                 :
                 they
                 last
                 not
                 past
                 three
                 or
                 foure
                 yeeres
                 vnremoued
                 .
                 Take
                 the
                 sl●ps
                 (
                 without
                 shanks
                 )
                 aud
                 set
                 any
                 time
                 ,
                 saue
                 in
                 extreme
                 frost
                 ,
                 but
                 especially
                 at
                 
                   Michael
                   tide
                
                 .
                 Their
                 vse
                 is
                 much
                 in
                 ornament
                 ,
                 and
                 conforting
                 the
                 spirits
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 sence
                 of
                 smelling
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Iuly
                   flowers
                
                 of
                 the
                 wall
                 ,
                 or
                 wall
                 -
                 
                 Iuly-flowers
                 ●
                 wall-flowers
                 ,
                 o●
                 Bee-flowers
                 ,
                 or
                 Winter
                 -
                 Iuly-flowers
                 ,
                 because
                 
                 growing
                 in
                 the
                 walles
                 ,
                 euen
                 in
                 Winter
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 for
                 Bees
                 ,
                 will
                 grow
                 euen
                 in
                 stone
                 walls
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 seeme
                 dead
                 in
                 Summer
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 reuiue
                 in
                 Winter
                 .
                 They
                 yeeld
                 seed
                 plentifully
                 ,
                 which
                 you
                 may
                 sow
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 any
                 broken
                 earth
                 ,
                 especially
                 on
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 a
                 mud-wall
                 ,
                 but
                 moist
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 set
                 the
                 root
                 before
                 it
                 be
                 brancht
                 ,
                 euery
                 slip
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 flowr'd
                 will
                 take
                 root
                 ,
                 or
                 crop
                 him
                 in
                 Summer
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 will
                 flower
                 in
                 Winter
                 :
                 but
                 his
                 Winter-seed
                 is
                 vntimely
                 .
                 This
                 and
                 Palmes
                 are
                 exceeding
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 timely
                 for
                 Bees
                 .
              
               
                 Leekes
                 yeeld
                 seed
                 the
                 second
                 yeere
                 ,
                 vnremoued
                 and
                 die
                 ,
                 vnlesse
                 you
                 remoue
                 them
                 ,
                 vsuall
                 to
                 eate
                 with
                 salt
                 and
                 bread
                 ,
                 as
                 Onyons
                 alwaies
                 greene
                 ,
                 good
                 pot-hearb
                 ,
                 euill
                 for
                 the
                 eyes
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Lauendar
                   Spike
                
                 would
                 be
                 remoued
                 within
                 7
                 yeeres
                 ,
                 or
                 eight
                 at
                 the
                 most
                 .
                 Slips
                 twined
                 as
                 Isop
                 and
                 Sage
                 ,
                 would
                 take
                 best
                 at
                 Michael-tide
                 .
                 This
                 flower
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 Bees
                 ,
                 most
                 comfortable
                 for
                 smelling
                 ,
                 except
                 Roses
                 :
                 and
                 kept
                 dry
                 ,
                 is
                 as
                 strong
                 after
                 a
                 yeere
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 gathered
                 .
                 The
                 water
                 of
                 this
                 is
                 comfortable
                 .
              
               
                 White
                 Lauendar
                 would
                 be
                 remoued
                 sooner
                 .
              
               
                 Lettice
                 yeelds
                 seed
                 the
                 first
                 yeere
                 ,
                 and
                 dyes
                 :
                 sow
                 betime
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 you
                 would
                 haue
                 them
                 Cabbage
                 for
                 Sallets
                 ,
                 remoue
                 them
                 as
                 you
                 doe
                 Cabbage
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 vsuall
                 in
                 Sallets
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 pot
                 .
              
               
                 Lillies
                 white
                 and
                 red
                 ,
                 remoued
                 once
                 in
                 three
                 or
                 foure
                 yeeres
                 their
                 roots
                 yeeld
                 many
                 Sets
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 Garlicke
                 ,
                 Michael-tide
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 :
                 they
                 grow
                 high
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 get
                 roote
                 :
                 these
                 roots
                 are
                 good
                 to
                 breake
                 a
                 Byle
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 Mallowes
                 and
                 Sorrell
                 .
              
               
                 Mallowes
                 ,
                 French
                 or
                 gagged
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 or
                 second
                 yeere
                 ,
                 seed
                 plentifully
                 :
                 sow
                 in
                 March
                 ,
                 or
                 before
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 good
                 for
                 the
                 house-wifes
                 pot
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 breake
                 a
                 bunch
                 .
              
               
               
                 Marigolds
                 most
                 commonly
                 come
                 of
                 seed
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 remoue
                 the
                 Plants
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 be
                 two
                 inches
                 long
                 .
                 The
                 double
                 Marigold
                 ,
                 being
                 as
                 bigge
                 as
                 a
                 little
                 Rose
                 ,
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 shew
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 a
                 good
                 Pot-hearbe
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Oculus
                   Christi
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Christs
                 eye
                 ,
                 seeds
                 and
                 dyes
                 the
                 first
                 or
                 second
                 yeere
                 :
                 you
                 may
                 remoue
                 the
                 yong
                 Plants
                 ,
                 but
                 seed
                 is
                 better
                 :
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 seeds
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 eye
                 ,
                 within
                 three
                 or
                 foure
                 houres
                 will
                 gather
                 a
                 thicke
                 skinne
                 ,
                 cleere
                 the
                 eye
                 ,
                 and
                 bolt
                 it selfe
                 forth
                 without
                 hurt
                 to
                 the
                 eye
                 .
                 A
                 good
                 Pot-hea●be
                 .
              
               
                 Onyons
                 are
                 sowne
                 in
                 February
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 gathered
                 at
                 Michael-tide
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Summer
                 long
                 ,
                 for
                 Sallets
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 young
                 Parsly
                 ,
                 Sage
                 ,
                 Chibals
                 ,
                 Lettice
                 ,
                 sweet
                 Sicilly
                 ,
                 Fennell
                 ,
                 &c.
                 good
                 alone
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 meate
                 as
                 Mutton
                 ,
                 &c.
                 for
                 sauce
                 ,
                 especially
                 for
                 the
                 pot
                 .
              
               
                 Parsly
                 sow
                 the
                 first
                 yeere
                 ,
                 and
                 vse
                 the
                 next
                 yeere
                 :
                 it
                 seedes
                 plentifully
                 ,
                 an
                 hearbe
                 of
                 much
                 vse
                 ,
                 as
                 sweet
                 Sicily
                 is
                 .
                 The
                 seed
                 and
                 roots
                 are
                 good
                 against
                 the
                 Stone
                 .
              
               
                 Parsneps
                 require
                 and
                 whole
                 plot
                 ,
                 they
                 be
                 plentifull
                 and
                 common
                 :
                 sow
                 them
                 in
                 February
                 ,
                 the
                 Kings
                 (
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 )
                 seed
                 broadest
                 and
                 reddest
                 .
                 Parsneps
                 are
                 sustenance
                 for
                 a
                 strong
                 stomacke
                 ,
                 not
                 good
                 for
                 euill
                 eies
                 :
                 When
                 they
                 couer
                 the
                 earth
                 in
                 a
                 drought
                 ,
                 to
                 tread
                 the
                 tops
                 ,
                 make
                 the
                 rootes
                 bigger
                 .
              
               
                 Peny-royall
                 ,
                 or
                 Pudding
                 Grasse
                 ,
                 creepes
                 along
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 like
                 ground
                 Iuie
                 .
                 It
                 lasts
                 long
                 ,
                 like
                 Daisies
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 puts
                 and
                 spreads
                 dayly
                 new
                 roots
                 .
                 Diuide
                 ,
                 and
                 remoue
                 the
                 roots
                 ,
                 it
                 hath
                 a
                 pleasant
                 taste
                 and
                 smell
                 ,
                 good
                 for
                 the
                 pot
                 ,
                 or
                 hackt
                 meate
                 ,
                 or
                 Haggas
                 Pudding
                 .
              
               
                 Pumpions
                 :
                 Set
                 seedes
                 with
                 your
                 finger
                 ,
                 a
                 finger
                 deepe
                 ,
                 l●te
                 in
                 March
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 soone
                 as
                 they
                 appeare
                 ,
                 euery
                 night
                 if
                 you
                 doubt
                 frost
                 ,
                 couer
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 water
                 them
                 continually
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 water-pot
                 :
                 they
                 be
                 very
                 tender
                 ,
                 
                 their
                 fruit
                 is
                 great
                 and
                 waterish
                 .
              
               
                 
                   French
                   Poppy
                
                 beareth
                 a
                 faire
                 flower
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Seed
                 will
                 make
                 you
                 sleepe
                 .
              
               
                 Raddish
                 is
                 sauce
                 for
                 cloyed
                 stomacks
                 ,
                 as
                 Cap●rs
                 ,
                 Oliues
                 ,
                 and
                 Cucumbers
                 ,
                 cast
                 the
                 seeds
                 all
                 Summer
                 long
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 shall
                 haue
                 them
                 alwaies
                 young
                 and
                 fresh
                 .
              
               
                 Rosemary
                 ,
                 the
                 grace
                 of
                 hearbs
                 here
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 in
                 other
                 Countries
                 common
                 .
                 To
                 set
                 sl●ps
                 immediately
                 after
                 Lammas
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 surest
                 way
                 .
                 Seede
                 sowne
                 may
                 proue
                 well
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 be
                 ●owne
                 in
                 hot
                 weather
                 ,
                 somewhat
                 moist
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 earth
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 hearbe
                 ,
                 though
                 great
                 ,
                 is
                 nesh
                 and
                 tender
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 take
                 it
                 )
                 brought
                 from
                 hot
                 Countries
                 to
                 vs
                 in
                 the
                 cold
                 North
                 :
                 set
                 thinne
                 .
                 It
                 becomes
                 a
                 Window
                 well
                 .
                 The
                 vse
                 is
                 much
                 in
                 meates
                 ,
                 more
                 in
                 Physicke
                 ,
                 most
                 for
                 Bees
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Rue
                   ,
                   or
                   Hearbe
                   of
                   Grace
                   ,
                
                 continually
                 greene
                 ,
                 the
                 sl●ps
                 are
                 set
                 .
                 It
                 lasts
                 long
                 as
                 Rosemary
                 ,
                 Sothernwood
                 ,
                 &c.
                 too
                 strong
                 for
                 mine
                 Housewifes
                 pot
                 ,
                 vnlesse
                 she
                 will
                 brue
                 Ale
                 therewith
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 Plague
                 :
                 let
                 him
                 not
                 seede
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 will
                 haue
                 him
                 last
                 .
              
               
                 Saffron
                 euery
                 third
                 yeere
                 his
                 roots
                 would
                 be
                 remoued
                 at
                 M●dsummer
                 :
                 for
                 when
                 all
                 other
                 hearbs
                 grow
                 most
                 ,
                 it
                 dyeth
                 .
                 It
                 floweth
                 at
                 Michael-tide
                 ,
                 and
                 groweth
                 all
                 Winter
                 :
                 keepe
                 his
                 flowers
                 from
                 birds
                 in
                 the
                 morning
                 ,
                 &
                 gather
                 the
                 yellow
                 (
                 or
                 they
                 shape
                 much
                 like
                 Lillies
                 )
                 dry
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 dry
                 them
                 :
                 they
                 be
                 precious
                 ,
                 expelling
                 diseases
                 from
                 the
                 heart
                 and
                 stomacke
                 .
              
               
                 Sauery
                 seeds
                 and
                 dyes
                 the
                 first
                 yeere
                 ,
                 good
                 for
                 my
                 Housewifes
                 pot
                 and
                 pye
                 .
              
               
                 Sage
                 :
                 set
                 slips
                 in
                 May
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 grow
                 aye
                 :
                 Let
                 it
                 not
                 seed
                 it
                 will
                 last
                 the
                 longer
                 .
                 The
                 vse
                 is
                 much
                 and
                 common
                 .
                 The
                 Monkish
                 Prouerbe
                 is
                 tritum
                 :
                 
                   
                   Cur
                   moritur
                   homo
                   ,
                   cum
                   saluia
                   crescit
                   in
                   horto
                   ?
                
              
               
                 Skerots
                 ,
                 the
                 roots
                 are
                 set
                 when
                 they
                 be
                 parted
                 ,
                 as
                 Pyonie
                 ,
                 and
                 Flower-deluce
                 at
                 Michael-tide
                 :
                 the
                 roote
                 is
                 but
                 small
                 and
                 very
                 sweet
                 .
                 I
                 know
                 none
                 other
                 speciall
                 vse
                 but
                 the
                 Table
                 .
              
               
                 Sweet
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 long
                 lasting
                 ,
                 pleasantly
                 tasting
                 ,
                 either
                 the
                 seed
                 sowne
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 root
                 parted
                 ,
                 and
                 remoued
                 ,
                 makes
                 increase
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 of
                 like
                 vse
                 with
                 Parsly
                 .
              
               
                 Strawberries
                 long
                 lasting
                 ,
                 set
                 roots
                 at
                 Michael-tide
                 or
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 they
                 be
                 red
                 ,
                 white
                 and
                 greene
                 ,
                 and
                 ripe
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 be
                 great
                 and
                 soft
                 ,
                 some
                 by
                 Midsummer
                 with
                 vs.
                 The
                 vse
                 is
                 :
                 they
                 will
                 coole
                 my
                 Housewife
                 well
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 put
                 in
                 Wine
                 or
                 Creame
                 with
                 Sugar
                 .
              
               
                 Time
                 ,
                 both
                 seeds
                 ,
                 slips
                 and
                 rootes
                 are
                 good
                 .
                 If
                 it
                 seed
                 not
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 last
                 three
                 or
                 foure
                 yeeres
                 or
                 more
                 ,
                 it
                 smelleth
                 comfortably
                 .
                 It
                 hath
                 much
                 vse
                 :
                 namely
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 cold
                 meats
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 Bees
                 .
              
               
                 Turnep
                 is
                 sowne
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 second
                 yeere
                 they
                 beare
                 plenty
                 of
                 seed
                 :
                 they
                 require
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 of
                 sowing
                 that
                 Carrets
                 doe
                 :
                 they
                 are
                 sicke
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 disease
                 that
                 Cabbages
                 be
                 .
                 The
                 roote
                 increaseth
                 much
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 most
                 wholesome
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 sowne
                 in
                 a
                 good
                 and
                 well
                 tempered
                 earth
                 :
                 Soueraigne
                 for
                 eyes
                 and
                 Bees
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 reckon
                 these
                 hearbs
                 onely
                 ,
                 because
                 I
                 teach
                 my
                 Countrey
                 Hou●ewife
                 ,
                 not
                 skilfull
                 Artists
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 an
                 endlesse
                 labour
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 make
                 the
                 matter
                 tedious
                 to
                 reckon
                 vp
                 ,
                 
                   Land●
                   beefe
                   ,
                   Stocke-Iuly-flowers
                   ,
                   Char●all
                   ,
                   Valerian
                   ,
                   Go-to
                   bed
                   at
                   no●ne
                   ,
                   Piony
                   ,
                   Liconas
                   ,
                   Tansie
                   ,
                   Garden
                   mints
                   ,
                   Germander
                   ,
                   Centaurie
                   ,
                
                 and
                 a
                 thousand
                 such
                 physicke
                 Hearbs
                 .
                 Let
                 her
                 first
                 grow
                 cunning
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 she
                 may
                 enlarge
                 her
                 Garden
                 as
                 her
                 skill
                 and
                 ability
                 increaseth
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 helpe
                 her
                 the
                 more
                 ,
                 I
                 haue
                 set
                 her
                 downe
                 these
                 obseruations
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 9.
                 
                 Generall
                 Rules
                 in
                 Gardening
                 .
              
               
                 IN
                 the
                 South
                 parts
                 Gardening
                 may
                 be
                 more
                 timely
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 safely
                 done
                 ,
                 then
                 with
                 vs
                 in
                 Yorkeshire
                 ,
                 because
                 our
                 ayre
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 fauourable
                 ,
                 nor
                 our
                 ground
                 so
                 good
                 .
              
               
                 2
                 Secondly
                 most
                 seeds
                 shakt
                 ,
                 by
                 turning
                 the
                 good
                 earth
                 ,
                 are
                 renued
                 ,
                 their
                 mother
                 the
                 earth
                 keeping
                 them
                 in
                 her
                 bowels
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Sunne
                 their
                 Father
                 can
                 reach
                 them
                 with
                 his
                 heat
                 .
              
               
                 3
                 In
                 setting
                 hearbs
                 ,
                 leaue
                 no
                 top
                 more
                 then
                 an
                 hand●ull
                 aboue
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 nor
                 more
                 then
                 a
                 foot
                 vnder
                 the
                 earth
                 .
              
               
                 4
                 Twine
                 the
                 roots
                 of
                 those
                 slips
                 you
                 set
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 will
                 abide
                 it
                 .
                 Gilly-flowers
                 are
                 too
                 tender
                 .
              
               
                 5
                 Set
                 moist
                 ,
                 and
                 sowe
                 dry
                 .
              
               
                 6
                 Set
                 slips
                 without
                 shankes
                 any
                 time
                 ,
                 except
                 at
                 Midsummer
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 frosts
                 .
              
               
                 7
                 Seeding
                 spoiles
                 the
                 most
                 roots
                 ,
                 as
                 drawing
                 the
                 heart
                 and
                 sap
                 from
                 the
                 root
                 .
              
               
                 8
                 Gather
                 for
                 the
                 pot
                 and
                 medicines
                 ,
                 hearbs
                 tender
                 and
                 greene
                 ,
                 the
                 sap
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 Winter
                 the
                 root
                 is
                 best
                 .
              
               
                 9
                 All
                 the
                 hearbs
                 in
                 the
                 Garden
                 for
                 flowers
                 ,
                 would
                 once
                 in
                 seuen
                 yeeres
                 be
                 renued
                 ,
                 or
                 soundly
                 watered
                 with
                 puddle
                 water
                 ,
                 except
                 Rosemary
                 .
              
               
                 10
                 In
                 all
                 your
                 Gardens
                 and
                 Orchards
                 ,
                 bankes
                 and
                 seates
                 of
                 Camomile
                 ,
                 Peny-royall
                 ,
                 Daisies
                 and
                 Violets
                 ,
                 are
                 seemely
                 and
                 comfortable
                 .
              
               
                 11
                 These
                 require
                 whose
                 plots
                 :
                 Artichokes
                 ,
                 Cabbages
                 ,
                 Turneps
                 ,
                 Parsneps
                 ,
                 Onyons
                 ,
                 Car●e●s
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 if
                 you
                 
                 will
                 )
                 Saffron
                 and
                 Scerrits
                 .
              
               
                 12
                 Gather
                 all
                 your
                 seeds
                 ,
                 dead
                 ,
                 ripe●
                 and
                 dry
                 .
              
               
                 13
                 Lay
                 no
                 dung
                 to
                 the
                 roots
                 of
                 your
                 hearbs
                 ,
                 as
                 vsually
                 they
                 doe
                 :
                 for
                 dung
                 not
                 melted
                 is
                 too
                 hot
                 ,
                 euen
                 for
                 trees
                 .
              
               
                 14
                 Thin
                 setting
                 and
                 sewing
                 (
                 so
                 the
                 rootes
                 stand
                 not
                 past
                 a
                 foot
                 distance
                 )
                 is
                 profitable
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 hearbs
                 will
                 like
                 the
                 better
                 .
                 Greater
                 hearbs
                 would
                 haue
                 more
                 distance
                 .
              
               
                 15
                 Set
                 and
                 sow
                 hearbs
                 in
                 their
                 time
                 of
                 growth
                 (
                 except
                 at
                 Midsummer
                 ,
                 for
                 then
                 they
                 are
                 too
                 too
                 tender
                 )
                 but
                 trees
                 in
                 their
                 time
                 of
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 16
                 A
                 good
                 Housewife
                 may
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 gather
                 store
                 of
                 hearbs
                 for
                 the
                 pot
                 ,
                 about
                 Lammas
                 ,
                 and
                 dry
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 pow●d
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Winter
                 they
                 will
                 make
                 good
                 seruice
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 haue
                 I
                 lined
                 out
                 a●
                 Garden
                 to
                 our
                 Countrey
                 Housewiues
                 ,
                 and
                 giuen
                 them
                 rules
                 for
                 common
                 hearbs
                 .
                 If
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 (
                 as
                 sometimes
                 they
                 are
                 )
                 be
                 knotty
                 ,
                 I
                 referre
                 them
                 to
                 Chap.
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 skill
                 and
                 pain●s
                 of
                 weeding
                 the
                 Garden
                 with
                 weeding
                 kniues
                 of
                 fingers
                 ,
                 I
                 refer
                 to
                 themselues
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 maides
                 ,
                 willing
                 them
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 opportunitie
                 after
                 a
                 showre
                 of
                 raine
                 :
                 withall
                 I
                 aduise
                 the
                 Mistresse
                 ,
                 either
                 be
                 present
                 her selfe
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 teach
                 her
                 maides
                 to
                 know
                 hearbs
                 from
                 weeds
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 10.
                 
                 The
                 Husbandry
                 of
                 Bees
                 .
              
               
                 THere
                 remaineth
                 one
                 necessary
                 thing
                 to
                 be
                 prescribed
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 mine
                 opinion
                 makes
                 as
                 much
                 for
                 ornament
                 as
                 either
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 or
                 forme
                 ,
                 or
                 cleanlinesse
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 am
                 sure
                 as
                 commodious
                 as
                 any
                 of
                 ,
                 or
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 :
                 which
                 is
                 Bees
                 ,
                 well
                 ordered
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 will
                 not
                 account
                 her
                 any
                 of
                 my
                 good
                 House-wiues
                 ,
                 that
                 wanteth
                 either
                 Bees
                 or
                 skilfulnesse
                 about
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 I
                 knowe
                 some
                 haue
                 written
                 well
                 and
                 truely
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 more
                 plentifully
                 vpon
                 this
                 theame
                 :
                 yet
                 somewhat
                 haue
                 I
                 learned
                 by
                 experience
                 (
                 being
                 a
                 Bee-maister
                 my selfe
                 )
                 which
                 hitherto
                 I
                 cannot
                 finde
                 put
                 into
                 writing
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 I
                 thinke
                 our
                 House-wiues
                 will
                 count
                 themselues
                 beholding
                 vnto
                 me
                 .
              
               
                 
                 The
                 first
                 thing
                 that
                 a
                 Gardiner
                 about
                 Bees
                 must
                 be
                 carefull
                 for
                 ,
                 is
                 an
                 house
                 not
                 stakes
                 and
                 stones
                 abroad
                 ,
                 Sub●dio
                 :
                 for
                 stakes
                 rot
                 and
                 reele
                 ,
                 raine
                 and
                 weather
                 eate
                 your
                 hiues
                 ,
                 and
                 couers
                 ,
                 and
                 cold
                 most
                 of
                 all
                 is
                 hurtfull
                 for
                 your
                 Bees
                 .
                 Therefore
                 you
                 must
                 haue
                 an
                 house
                 made
                 along
                 ,
                 a
                 sure
                 dry
                 wall
                 in
                 your
                 Garden
                 ,
                 neere
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 your
                 Orchard
                 :
                 for
                 Bees
                 loueflowers
                 and
                 wood
                 with
                 their
                 hearts
                 .
              
               
               
                 Let
                 the
                 floores
                 be
                 without
                 holes
                 or
                 clifts
                 ,
                 least
                 in
                 casting
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Beees
                 lye
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 loyter
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 though
                 your
                 Hiues
                 stand
                 within
                 an
                 hand
                 breadth
                 the
                 one
                 of
                 another
                 :
                 yet
                 will
                 Bees
                 know
                 their
                 home
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 Frame
                 may
                 your
                 Bees
                 stand
                 drye
                 and
                 warme
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 you
                 make
                 doores
                 like
                 doores
                 of
                 windows
                 to
                 shroud
                 them
                 in
                 winter
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 an
                 house
                 :
                 prouided
                 you
                 leaue
                 the
                 hiues
                 mouths
                 open
                 .
                 I
                 my self
                 haue
                 
                 deuised
                 such
                 an
                 house
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 find
                 that
                 it
                 keeps
                 and
                 strengthens
                 my
                 Bees
                 much
                 ,
                 and
                 my
                 hiues
                 will
                 last
                 sixe
                 to
                 one
                 .
              
               
                 M.
                 Markham
                 commends
                 Hiues
                 of
                 wood
                 I
                 discommend
                 them
                 not
                 :
                 
                 but
                 straw
                 Hiues
                 are
                 in
                 vse
                 with
                 vs
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 thinke
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 world
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 commend
                 for
                 nimblenesse
                 ,
                 closenesse
                 ,
                 warmnesse
                 and
                 drinesse
                 .
                 Bees
                 loue
                 no
                 externall
                 motions
                 of
                 dawbing
                 or
                 such
                 like
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 occasion
                 shall
                 be
                 offered
                 to
                 lift
                 and
                 turne
                 Hiues
                 ,
                 as
                 shall
                 appeare
                 hereafter
                 .
                 One
                 light
                 entire
                 hiue
                 of
                 straw
                 in
                 that
                 case
                 is
                 better
                 ,
                 then
                 one
                 that
                 is
                 dawbed
                 ,
                 weighty
                 and
                 cumbersome
                 .
                 I
                 wish
                 euery
                 hiue
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 keeping
                 swarme
                 ,
                 to
                 hold
                 three
                 pecks
                 at
                 least
                 in
                 measure
                 .
                 For
                 too
                 little
                 Hiues
                 procure
                 Bees
                 ,
                 in
                 casting
                 time
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 lye
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 loyter
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 to
                 cast
                 before
                 they
                 be
                 ripe
                 and
                 strong
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 make
                 weake
                 swarmes
                 and
                 vntimely
                 :
                 Whereas
                 if
                 they
                 haue
                 roome
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 they
                 ripen
                 timely
                 ,
                 and
                 casting
                 seasonably
                 ,
                 are
                 strong
                 ,
                 and
                 fit
                 for
                 labour
                 presently
                 .
                 Neither
                 would
                 the
                 hiue
                 be
                 too
                 too
                 great
                 ,
                 for
                 then
                 they
                 loyter
                 ,
                 and
                 waste
                 meate
                 and
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 Your
                 Bees
                 delight
                 in
                 wood
                 ,
                 for
                 feeding
                 ,
                 especially
                 for
                 casting
                 :
                 
                 therefore
                 want
                 not
                 an
                 Orchard
                 .
                 A
                 Mayes
                 swarme
                 is
                 worth
                 a
                 Maies
                 Foale
                 :
                 if
                 they
                 want
                 wood
                 ,
                 they
                 be
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 flying
                 away
                 .
                 Any
                 time
                 before
                 Midsummer
                 is
                 good
                 ,
                 for
                 casting
                 and
                 timely
                 before
                 Iuly
                 is
                 not
                 euill
                 .
                 I
                 much
                 like
                 M
                 Markhams
                 opinion
                 for
                 hiuing
                 a
                 swarme
                 in
                 combes
                 of
                 a
                 dead
                 or
                 forsaken
                 hiue
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 be
                 fresh
                 &
                 cleanly
                 .
                 To
                 thinke
                 that
                 a
                 swarme
                 of
                 your
                 owne
                 ,
                 or
                 others
                 ,
                 will
                 of
                 it selfe
                 come
                 into
                 such
                 an
                 hiue
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 meere
                 conceit
                 
                   Experto
                   crede
                   Roberto
                
                 .
                 His
                 smearing
                 with
                 honey
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 other
                 Bees
                 will
                 eate
                 it
                 vp
                 .
                 If
                 your
                 swarme
                 knit
                 in
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 a
                 tree
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 will
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 winde
                 beate
                 them
                 not
                 to
                 fall
                 
                 downe
                 :
                 let
                 the
                 stoole
                 or
                 ladder
                 described
                 in
                 the
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 doe
                 you
                 seruice
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 lesse
                 your
                 Spelkes
                 are
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 lesse
                 is
                 the
                 waste
                 of
                 your
                 honey
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 will
                 they
                 draw
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 take
                 your
                 Bees
                 .
                 Foure
                 Spelkes
                 athwart
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 top
                 Spelke
                 are
                 sufficient
                 .
                 The
                 Bees
                 will
                 fasten
                 their
                 combes
                 to
                 the
                 Hiue
                 .
                 A
                 little
                 honey
                 is
                 good
                 :
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 want
                 ,
                 Fennell
                 will
                 serue
                 to
                 rub
                 your
                 Hiue
                 withall
                 .
                 The
                 Hiue
                 being
                 drest
                 and
                 ready
                 spelkt
                 ,
                 rubd
                 and
                 the
                 hole
                 made
                 for
                 their
                 passage
                 (
                 I
                 vse
                 no
                 hole
                 in
                 the
                 Hiue
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 wood
                 hoal'd
                 to
                 saue
                 the
                 hiue
                 &
                 keep
                 out
                 Mice
                 )
                 shake
                 in
                 your
                 Bees
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 (
                 for
                 all
                 commonly
                 you
                 cannot
                 get
                 )
                 the
                 remainder
                 will
                 follow
                 .
                 Many
                 vse
                 smoke
                 ,
                 Nettles
                 ,
                 &c.
                 which
                 I
                 vtterly
                 dislike
                 :
                 for
                 Bees
                 loue
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 molested
                 .
                 Ringing
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 casting
                 is
                 a
                 meere
                 fancie
                 ,
                 v●olent
                 handling
                 of
                 them
                 is
                 simply
                 euill
                 ,
                 because
                 Bees
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 creatures
                 ,
                 loue
                 cleanlinesse
                 and
                 peace
                 .
                 Therefore
                 handle
                 them
                 leasurely
                 &
                 quietly
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 K●eper
                 whom
                 they
                 know
                 ,
                 may
                 do
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 what
                 he
                 will
                 ,
                 without
                 hurt
                 :
                 Being
                 hiued
                 at
                 night
                 ,
                 bring
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 seat
                 .
                 Set
                 your
                 hiues
                 all
                 of
                 one
                 yeere
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 Signes
                 of
                 breeding
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 strong
                 .
              
               
                 
                   1
                   They
                   will
                   auoid
                   dead
                   young
                   Bees
                   and
                   Droanes
                   .
                
                 
                   2
                   They
                   will
                   sweat
                   in
                   the
                   morning
                   ,
                   till
                   it
                   runne
                   from
                   them
                   ;
                   alwaies
                   when
                   they
                   be
                   strong
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Signes
                   of
                   casting
                   .
                
                 
                   1
                   They
                   will
                   fly
                   Droanes
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   heat
                   .
                
                 
                   2
                   The
                   young
                   swarme
                   will
                   once
                   or
                   twice
                   in
                   some
                   faire
                   season
                   ,
                   come
                   forth
                   mustering
                   ,
                   as
                   though
                   they
                   would
                   cast
                   ,
                   to
                   proue
                   themselues
                   ,
                   and
                   goe
                   in
                   againe
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   3
                   The
                   night
                   before
                   they
                   cast
                   ,
                   if
                   you
                   lay
                   your
                   eate
                   to
                   the
                   Hiues
                   mouth
                   ,
                   yo
                   shall
                   heare
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   ,
                   but
                   especially
                   one
                   aboue
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   cry
                   ,
                   Vp
                   ,
                   vp
                   ,
                   vp
                   ;
                   or
                   ,
                   Tout
                   ,
                   tout
                   ,
                   tout
                   ,
                   like
                   a
                   trumpet
                   ,
                   sounding
                   the
                   alarum
                   to
                   the
                   battell
                   .
                
              
               
                 Much
                 descanting
                 there
                 is
                 ,
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 the
                 Master-Bee
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 degrees
                 ,
                 order
                 and
                 gouernment
                 :
                 but
                 the
                 truth
                 in
                 this
                 point
                 is
                 rather
                 imagined
                 ,
                 then
                 demonstrated
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 coniectures
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 viz.
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 the
                 combs
                 diuers
                 greater
                 houses
                 then
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 &
                 we
                 heare
                 commonly
                 the
                 night
                 before
                 they
                 cast
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 one
                 Bee
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 two
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 Bees
                 ,
                 giue
                 a
                 lowd
                 and
                 seueral
                 found
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 Bees
                 of
                 greater
                 bodies
                 then
                 the
                 common
                 sort
                 :
                 but
                 what
                 of
                 all
                 this
                 ?
                 I
                 leane
                 not
                 on
                 coniectures
                 ,
                 but
                 loue
                 to
                 set
                 downe
                 that
                 I
                 know
                 to
                 be
                 true
                 ,
                 and
                 leaue
                 these
                 things
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 loue
                 to
                 diuine
                 .
                 Keepe
                 none
                 weake
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 hazard
                 ,
                 oftentimes
                 with
                 losse
                 :
                 Feeding
                 will
                 not
                 helpe
                 them
                 :
                 for
                 being
                 weake
                 ,
                 hey
                 cannot
                 come
                 downe
                 to
                 meate
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 they
                 come
                 downe
                 ,
                 they
                 dye
                 ,
                 because
                 Bees
                 weake
                 cannot
                 abide
                 cold
                 .
                 If
                 none
                 of
                 these
                 ,
                 yet
                 will
                 the
                 other
                 Bees
                 being
                 strong
                 ,
                 smell
                 the
                 honey
                 ,
                 and
                 come
                 and
                 spoile
                 ,
                 and
                 kill
                 them
                 .
                 Some
                 helpe
                 is
                 in
                 casting
                 time
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 two
                 weake
                 swarmes
                 together
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 M.
                 Markham
                 well
                 saith
                 :
                 Let
                 not
                 them
                 cast
                 late
                 ,
                 by
                 raising
                 them
                 with
                 wood
                 or
                 stone
                 :
                 but
                 with
                 impes
                 (
                 say
                 I.
                 )
                 An
                 impe
                 is
                 three
                 or
                 foure
                 wreathes
                 ,
                 wrought
                 as
                 the
                 hiue
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 compasse
                 ,
                 to
                 rase
                 the
                 hiue
                 withall
                 :
                 but
                 by
                 experience
                 in
                 tryall
                 ,
                 
                 I
                 haue
                 found
                 out
                 a
                 better
                 way
                 by
                 Clustering
                 ,
                 for
                 late
                 or
                 weake
                 swarmes
                 hitherto
                 not
                 found
                 out
                 of
                 any
                 that
                 I
                 know
                 .
                 
                 That
                 is
                 this
                 :
                 After
                 casting
                 time
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 haue
                 any
                 stocke
                 proud
                 ,
                 and
                 hindred
                 from
                 timely
                 casting
                 ,
                 with
                 former
                 Winters
                 
                 pouerty
                 ,
                 or
                 euill
                 weather
                 in
                 casting
                 time
                 ,
                 with
                 two
                 handles
                 and
                 crook●s
                 ,
                 fitted
                 for
                 the
                 purpose
                 ,
                 I
                 turne
                 vp
                 that
                 stocke
                 so
                 pestred
                 with
                 Bees
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 it
                 on
                 the
                 crowne
                 ,
                 vpon
                 which
                 so
                 turned
                 with
                 the
                 mouth
                 vpward
                 ,
                 I
                 place
                 another
                 empty
                 hiue
                 well
                 dr●st
                 ,
                 and
                 spelkt
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 without
                 any
                 labour
                 ,
                 the
                 Swarme
                 that
                 would
                 not
                 depart
                 ,
                 and
                 cast
                 ,
                 will
                 presently
                 ascend
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 old
                 Bees
                 haue
                 this
                 qualitie
                 (
                 as
                 all
                 other
                 breeding
                 creatures
                 haue
                 )
                 to
                 expell
                 the
                 young
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 haue
                 brought
                 them
                 vp
                 .
              
               
               
               
                 They
                 gather
                 not
                 till
                 Iuly
                 ;
                 for
                 then
                 they
                 be
                 discharged
                 of
                 their
                 young
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 they
                 are
                 become
                 now
                 strong
                 to
                 labour
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 sap
                 in
                 flowers
                 is
                 strong
                 and
                 proud
                 :
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 force
                 of
                 Sunne
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 also
                 in
                 the
                 North
                 (
                 and
                 not
                 before
                 )
                 the
                 hearbs
                 of
                 greatest
                 vigour
                 put
                 their
                 Flowers
                 ;
                 As
                 Beanes
                 ,
                 Fennell
                 ,
                 Burrage
                 ,
                 Rape●
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 most
                 sensible
                 weather
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 is
                 heat
                 and
                 drought
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 nesh
                 Bee
                 can
                 neither
                 abide
                 cold
                 or
                 wet
                 :
                 and
                 showres
                 (
                 which
                 they
                 well
                 fore-see
                 )
                 doe
                 interrupt
                 their
                 labours
                 ,
                 vnlesse
                 they
                 fall
                 on
                 the
                 night
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 they
                 further
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 
                 After
                 casting
                 time
                 ,
                 you
                 shall
                 benefit
                 your
                 stockes
                 much
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 helpe
                 them
                 to
                 kill
                 their
                 Droanes
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 all
                 probability
                 and
                 iudgement
                 ,
                 are
                 an
                 idle
                 kind
                 of
                 Bees
                 ,
                 and
                 wastefull
                 .
                 Some
                 say
                 they
                 breed
                 and
                 haue
                 seene
                 young
                 Droanes
                 in
                 taking
                 their
                 honey
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 know
                 is
                 true
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 am
                 of
                 opinion
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 also
                 Bees
                 which
                 haue
                 lost
                 their
                 stings
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 being
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 gelded
                 ,
                 become
                 idle
                 and
                 great
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 great
                 vse
                 of
                 them
                 :
                 
                   Deus
                   ,
                   et
                   natura
                   nihil
                   fecit
                   frustra
                   .
                
                 They
                 hate
                 the
                 Bees
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 them
                 cast
                 the
                 sooner
                 .
                 They
                 neuer
                 come
                 foor●h
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 be
                 ouer
                 heated
                 .
                 They
                 neuer
                 come
                 home
                 loaden
                 .
                 After
                 casting
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Bees
                 want
                 meate
                 ,
                 you
                 shall
                 see
                 the
                 labouring
                 Bees
                 fasten
                 on
                 them
                 ,
                 two
                 ,
                 three
                 ,
                 or
                 foure
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 theeues
                 to
                 be
                 led
                 to
                 the
                 gallowes
                 ,
                 and
                 killing
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 cast
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 draw
                 them
                 farre
                 from
                 home
                 ,
                 as
                 hatefull
                 enemies
                 .
                 Our
                 Housewife
                 ,
                 if
                 she
                 be
                 the
                 Keeper
                 of
                 her
                 own●
                 Bees
                 (
                 as
                 she
                 had
                 need
                 to
                 be
                 )
                 may
                 with
                 her
                 bare
                 hand
                 in
                 the
                 heate
                 of
                 the
                 day
                 ,
                 safel●
                 destroy
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 hiues
                 mouth
                 .
                 Some
                 vse
                 towards
                 night
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 hot
                 day
                 ,
                 to
                 set
                 before
                 the
                 mouth
                 of
                 
                 the
                 hiue
                 a
                 thin
                 board
                 ,
                 with
                 little
                 holes
                 ,
                 in
                 at
                 which
                 the
                 lesser
                 Bees
                 may
                 enter
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 the
                 Droanes
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 you
                 may
                 kill
                 them
                 at
                 your
                 pleasure
                 .
              
               
                 Snayles
                 spoile
                 them
                 by
                 night
                 like
                 theeues
                 :
                 they
                 come
                 so
                 quietly
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 are
                 so
                 fast
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Bees
                 feare
                 them
                 not
                 .
                 Looke
                 earely
                 and
                 late
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 a
                 raine
                 or
                 dewey
                 euening
                 or
                 morning
                 .
              
               
                 Mice
                 are
                 no
                 lesse
                 hurtfull
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rather
                 to
                 hiues
                 of
                 straw
                 :
                 and
                 therefore
                 couerings
                 of
                 straw
                 draw
                 them
                 .
                 They
                 will
                 in
                 either
                 at
                 the
                 mouth
                 ,
                 or
                 sheere
                 themselues
                 an
                 hole
                 .
                 The
                 remedy
                 is
                 good
                 Cats
                 ,
                 Rats-bane
                 and
                 watching
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 cleanly
                 Bee
                 hateth
                 the
                 smoake
                 as
                 poison
                 ,
                 therefore
                 let
                 your
                 Bees
                 stand
                 neerer
                 your
                 garden
                 then
                 your
                 Brew-house
                 or
                 Kitchen
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 say
                 Sparrowes
                 and
                 Swallowes
                 are
                 enemies
                 to
                 Bees
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 see
                 it
                 not
                 .
              
               
                 More
                 hiues
                 perish
                 by
                 Winters
                 cold
                 ,
                 then
                 by
                 all
                 other
                 hurts
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 Bee
                 is
                 tender●
                 and
                 nice
                 ,
                 and
                 onely
                 liues
                 in
                 warme
                 weather
                 ,
                 and
                 dyes
                 in
                 cold
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 let
                 my
                 Housewife
                 be
                 perswaded
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 warme
                 dry
                 house
                 before
                 described
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 chiefest
                 helpe
                 she
                 can
                 make
                 her
                 Bees
                 against
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 more
                 mischiefes
                 .
                 Many
                 vse
                 against
                 cold
                 in
                 Winter
                 ,
                 to
                 stop
                 vp
                 their
                 hiue
                 close
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 set
                 them
                 in
                 houses
                 ,
                 perswading
                 themselues
                 ,
                 that
                 thereby
                 they
                 relieue
                 their
                 Bees
                 .
                 First
                 ,
                 tossing
                 and
                 mouing
                 is
                 hurtfull
                 .
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 in
                 houses
                 ,
                 going
                 ,
                 knocking
                 ,
                 and
                 shaking
                 is
                 noysome
                 .
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 too
                 much
                 heate
                 in
                 an
                 house
                 is
                 vnnaturall
                 for
                 them
                 :
                 but
                 lastly
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 ,
                 Bees
                 cannot
                 abide
                 to
                 be
                 stopt
                 close
                 vp
                 .
                 For
                 at
                 euery
                 warme
                 season
                 of
                 the
                 Sunne
                 they
                 reuiue
                 ,
                 and
                 liuing
                 eate
                 ,
                 and
                 eating
                 must
                 needs
                 purge
                 abroad
                 ,
                 (
                 in
                 her
                 house
                 )
                 the
                 cleanly
                 Bee
                 will
                 not
                 purge
                 
                 her selfe
                 .
                 Iudge
                 you
                 what
                 it
                 is
                 for
                 any
                 liuing
                 creature
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 disburden
                 nature
                 .
                 Being
                 shut
                 vp
                 in
                 calme
                 seasons
                 ,
                 lay
                 your
                 eare
                 to
                 the
                 Hiue
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 shall
                 heare
                 them
                 yarme
                 and
                 yell
                 ,
                 as
                 so
                 many
                 hungred
                 prisoners
                 .
                 Therefore
                 impound
                 not
                 your
                 Bees
                 ,
                 so
                 profitable
                 and
                 free
                 a
                 creature
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Let
                 none
                 stand
                 aboue
                 three
                 yeares
                 ,
                 else
                 the
                 combes
                 will
                 be
                 blacke
                 and
                 knotty
                 ,
                 your
                 honey
                 will
                 be
                 thinne
                 and
                 vncleanly
                 :
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 cast
                 after
                 three
                 yeares
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 such
                 as
                 haue
                 swarmes
                 ,
                 and
                 old
                 Bees
                 kept
                 all
                 together
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 great
                 losse
                 .
                 Smoaking
                 with
                 ragges
                 ,
                 rozen
                 ,
                 or
                 brimstone
                 ,
                 many
                 vse
                 :
                 some
                 vse
                 drowning
                 in
                 a
                 tub
                 of
                 cleane
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 water
                 well
                 brewde
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 good
                 botchet
                 .
                 Drawe
                 out
                 your
                 spelkes
                 immediatly
                 with
                 a
                 paire
                 of
                 pinchars
                 ,
                 lest
                 the
                 wood
                 grow
                 soft
                 and
                 swell
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 drawne
                 ,
                 then
                 must
                 you
                 cut
                 your
                 Hiue
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Let
                 no
                 fire
                 come
                 neere
                 your
                 hony
                 ,
                 for
                 fire
                 softeneth
                 the
                 waxe
                 and
                 drosse
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 them
                 runne
                 with
                 the
                 hony
                 .
                 Fire
                 softneth
                 ,
                 weakeneth
                 ,
                 and
                 hindereth
                 hony
                 for
                 purging
                 .
                 Breake
                 your
                 combes
                 small
                 (
                 when
                 the
                 dead
                 empty
                 combes
                 are
                 parted
                 from
                 the
                 loaden
                 combes
                 into
                 a
                 siue
                 ,
                 borne
                 ouer
                 a
                 great
                 bowle
                 ,
                 or
                 vessel●
                 ,
                 with
                 two
                 staues
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 let
                 it
                 runne
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 dayes
                 .
                 The
                 sooner
                 you
                 tunne
                 it
                 vp
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 will
                 it
                 purge
                 .
                 Runne
                 your
                 swarme
                 honey
                 by
                 it selfe
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 shall
                 be
                 your
                 best
                 .
                 The
                 elder
                 your
                 hiues
                 are
                 ,
                 the
                 worse
                 is
                 your
                 honey
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Vsuall
                 vessels
                 are
                 of
                 clay
                 ,
                 but
                 after
                 wood
                 be
                 satiated
                 with
                 honey
                 (
                 for
                 it
                 will
                 leake
                 at
                 first
                 :
                 for
                 honey
                 is
                 maruellously
                 searching
                 ,
                 the
                 thicke
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 vertuous
                 .
                 )
                 I
                 vse
                 it
                 rather
                 because
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 breake
                 so
                 soone
                 ,
                 with
                 fals
                 ,
                 frosts
                 ,
                 or
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 and
                 greater
                 vessels
                 
                 of
                 clay
                 will
                 hardly
                 last
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 you
                 vse
                 your
                 honey
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 spoone
                 take
                 off
                 the
                 skin
                 which
                 it
                 hath
                 put
                 vp
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 worth
                 the
                 regard
                 ,
                 that
                 bees
                 thus
                 vsed
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 haue
                 but
                 forty
                 stockes
                 ,
                 shall
                 yeeld
                 you
                 more
                 commodity
                 cleerely
                 than
                 forty
                 acres
                 of
                 ground
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 much
                 may
                 suffice
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 good
                 Housewiues
                 loue
                 and
                 haue
                 good
                 Gardens
                 and
                 Bees
                 .
              
               
                 Deo
                 Laus
                 .
              
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               The
               Contents
               of
               the
               Countrey
               House-wifes
               Garden
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   1.
                
                 
                 The
                 Soyle
                 .
              
               
                 Pag.
                 77
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   2.
                
                 
                 Site
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 78
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   3.
                
                 
                 Forme
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 79
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   4.
                
                 
                 Quantity
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 85
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   5.
                
                 
                 Fences
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   6
                
                 Two
                 Gardens
                 .
              
               
                 86
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   7.
                
                 
                 Diuision
                 of
                 herbs
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 88
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   8.
                
                 
                 The
                 Husbandry
                 of
                 herbes
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   9.
                
                 
                 Generall
                 rules
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 96
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   10.
                
                 
                 The
                 Husbandry
                 of
                 Bees
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 98
              
               
                 Bee-house
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 98.
                 
              
               
                 Hiues
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 100.
                 
              
               
                 Hiuing
                 of
                 Bees
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 Spelkes
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 101.
                 
              
               
                 Catching
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 102.
                 
              
               
                 Clustering
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 103.
                 
              
               
                 Droanes
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 104.
                 
              
               
                 Annoyances
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 105.
                 
              
               
                 Taking
                 of
                 Bees
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 106.
                 
              
               
                 Straining
                 honey
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 Vessels
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 ibid.
                 
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               A
               MOST
               PROFITABLE
               NEWE
               TREATISE
               ,
               From
               approued
               experience
               of
               the
               art
               of
               propagating
               Plants
               ;
               by
               Simon
               Harward
               .
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Art
                 of
                 propagating
                 Plants
                 .
              
               
                 THere
                 are
                 foure
                 sorts
                 of
                 Planting
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 propagating
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 laying
                 of
                 shootes
                 or
                 little
                 branches
                 ,
                 whiles
                 they
                 are
                 yet
                 tender
                 in
                 some
                 pit
                 made
                 at
                 their
                 foote
                 ,
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 sayd
                 hereafter
                 ,
                 or
                 vpon
                 a
                 little
                 ladder
                 or
                 Basket
                 of
                 earth
                 ,
                 tyed
                 to
                 the
                 bottome
                 of
                 the
                 branch
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 boaring
                 a
                 Willow
                 thorow
                 ,
                 and
                 putting
                 the
                 branch
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 into
                 the
                 hole
                 ,
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 fully
                 declared
                 in
                 the
                 Chapter
                 of
                 Grafting
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 likewise
                 seasons
                 to
                 propagate
                 in
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 best
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 and
                 March
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 trees
                 are
                 
                 in
                 the
                 Flower
                 ,
                 and
                 doe
                 begin
                 to
                 grow
                 lusty
                 .
                 The
                 young
                 planted
                 Siens
                 or
                 litt●e
                 Grafts
                 must
                 be
                 propagated
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 Winter
                 ,
                 a
                 foot
                 deepe
                 in
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 manure
                 mingled
                 amongst
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 which
                 you
                 shall
                 cast
                 forth
                 of
                 the
                 pit
                 ,
                 wherein
                 you
                 meane
                 to
                 propagate
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 tumble
                 it
                 in
                 vpon
                 it
                 againe
                 .
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 your
                 superfluous
                 Siens
                 ,
                 or
                 little
                 Plants
                 must
                 be
                 cut
                 close
                 by
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 when
                 as
                 they
                 grow
                 about
                 some
                 small
                 Impe
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 meane
                 to
                 propagate
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 would
                 doe
                 nothing
                 but
                 rot
                 .
                 For
                 to
                 propagate
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 digge
                 the
                 earth
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 tree
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 your
                 rootes
                 may
                 be
                 laid
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 halfe
                 bate
                 .
                 Afterward
                 draw
                 into
                 length
                 the
                 pit
                 on
                 that
                 side
                 where
                 you
                 meane
                 to
                 propagate
                 ,
                 and
                 according
                 as
                 you
                 perceiue
                 that
                 the
                 roots
                 will
                 
                 be
                 best
                 able
                 to
                 yeeld
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 gouerned
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 pit
                 ,
                 to
                 vse
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 with
                 all
                 gentlenesse
                 ,
                 and
                 stop
                 close
                 your
                 Siens
                 ,
                 in
                 such
                 sort
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 wreath
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 grafted
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 a
                 little
                 lower
                 then
                 the
                 S●ens
                 of
                 the
                 new
                 Wood
                 ,
                 growing
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 euen
                 so
                 high
                 as
                 it
                 possible
                 may
                 be
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 trees
                 that
                 you
                 would
                 propagate
                 be
                 somewhat
                 thicke
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 the
                 harder
                 to
                 ply
                 ,
                 and
                 somewhat
                 stiffe
                 to
                 lay
                 in
                 the
                 pit
                 :
                 then
                 you
                 may
                 wet
                 the
                 stocke
                 almost
                 to
                 the
                 midst
                 ,
                 betwixt
                 the
                 roote
                 and
                 the
                 wreathing
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 with
                 gentle
                 handling
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 bow
                 downe
                 into
                 the
                 pit
                 the
                 wood
                 which
                 the
                 grafts
                 haue
                 put
                 forth
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 as
                 round
                 a
                 compasse
                 as
                 you
                 can
                 ,
                 keeping
                 you
                 from
                 breaking
                 of
                 it
                 :
                 afterward
                 lay
                 ouer
                 the
                 cut
                 ,
                 with
                 gummed
                 Waxe
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 grauell
                 and
                 sand
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 2.
                 
                 Grafting
                 in
                 the
                 Barke
                 .
              
               
                 GRafting
                 in
                 the
                 Barke
                 ,
                 is
                 vsed
                 from
                 mid
                 -
                 August
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 Winter
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 when
                 the
                 Westerne
                 winde
                 beginneth
                 to
                 blow
                 ,
                 being
                 from
                 the
                 7.
                 of
                 February
                 ,
                 vnto
                 11.
                 of
                 Iune
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 must
                 care
                 be
                 had
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 graffe
                 in
                 the
                 barke
                 in
                 any
                 rainy
                 season
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 would
                 wash
                 away
                 the
                 matter
                 of
                 ioyning
                 the
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 hinder
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Grafting
                 in
                 the
                 budde
                 ,
                 is
                 vsed
                 in
                 the
                 Summer
                 time
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 May
                 ,
                 vntill
                 August
                 ,
                 as
                 bring
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 the
                 trees
                 are
                 strong
                 and
                 lusty
                 ,
                 and
                 full
                 of
                 sap
                 and
                 leaues
                 .
                 To
                 wit
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 hot
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 Iune
                 ,
                 vnto
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 Iuly
                 :
                 but
                 cold
                 Countries
                 ,
                 to
                 
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 August
                 ,
                 after
                 some
                 small
                 showies
                 of
                 Raine
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 the
                 Summer
                 be
                 so
                 exceeding
                 dry
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 some
                 trees
                 doe
                 withhold
                 their
                 sap
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 waite
                 the
                 time
                 till
                 it
                 doe
                 returne
                 .
              
               
                 Graft
                 from
                 the
                 full
                 of
                 the
                 Moone
                 ,
                 vntill
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 may
                 graft
                 in
                 a
                 Cleft
                 ,
                 without
                 hauing
                 regard
                 to
                 the
                 Raine
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 sap
                 will
                 keepe
                 it
                 off
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 may
                 graft
                 from
                 mid
                 -
                 August
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 Nouember
                 :
                 Cowes
                 dung
                 with
                 straw
                 doth
                 mightily
                 preserue
                 the
                 graft
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 graft
                 in
                 the
                 euening
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 morning
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 furniture
                 and
                 tooles
                 of
                 a
                 Grafter
                 ,
                 are
                 a
                 Basket
                 to
                 lay
                 his
                 Grafts
                 in
                 ,
                 Clay
                 ,
                 Grauell
                 ,
                 Sand
                 ,
                 or
                 strong
                 Earth
                 ,
                 to
                 draw
                 ouer
                 the
                 plants
                 clouen
                 :
                 Moste
                 ,
                 
                 Woollen
                 clothes
                 ,
                 barkes
                 of
                 Wilow
                 to
                 ioyne
                 to
                 the
                 late
                 things
                 and
                 earth
                 before
                 spoken
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 keepe
                 them
                 fast
                 :
                 Oziers
                 to
                 tye
                 againe
                 vpon
                 the
                 barke
                 ,
                 to
                 keepe
                 them
                 firme
                 and
                 fast
                 :
                 gummed
                 Wax
                 ,
                 to
                 dresse
                 and
                 couer
                 the
                 ends
                 and
                 tops
                 of
                 the
                 grafts
                 newly
                 cut
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 the
                 raine
                 and
                 cold
                 may
                 not
                 hurt
                 them
                 ,
                 neither
                 yet
                 the
                 sap
                 rising
                 from
                 belowe
                 ,
                 be
                 constrained
                 to
                 returne
                 againe
                 vnto
                 the
                 shootes
                 .
                 A
                 little
                 Sawe
                 or
                 hand
                 Sawe
                 ,
                 to
                 sawe
                 off
                 the
                 stocke
                 of
                 the
                 plants
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 Knife
                 or
                 Pen-knife
                 to
                 graffe
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 cut
                 and
                 sharpen
                 the
                 grafts
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 the
                 barke
                 may
                 not
                 pill
                 nor
                 be
                 broken
                 ;
                 which
                 often
                 commeth
                 to
                 passe
                 when
                 the
                 graft
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 sap
                 .
                 You
                 shall
                 cut
                 the
                 graffe
                 so
                 long
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 fill
                 the
                 cliffe
                 of
                 the
                 plant
                 ,
                 and
                 therewithall
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 left
                 thicker
                 on
                 the
                 barke
                 side
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 it
                 may
                 fill
                 vp
                 both
                 the
                 cliffe
                 and
                 other
                 incisions
                 ,
                 as
                 any
                 need
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 which
                 must
                 be
                 alwaies
                 well
                 ground
                 ,
                 well
                 burnished
                 without
                 all
                 r●●t
                 .
                 Two
                 wedges
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 broad
                 for
                 thicke
                 trees
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 narrow
                 for
                 lesse
                 and
                 tender
                 trees
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 of
                 box
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 hard
                 and
                 smooth
                 wood
                 ,
                 or
                 steele
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 very
                 hard
                 iron
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 they
                 may
                 need
                 lesse
                 labour
                 in
                 making
                 them
                 sharpe
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 little
                 hand-Bill
                 to
                 set
                 the
                 plants
                 at
                 more
                 liberty
                 ,
                 by
                 cutting
                 off
                 superfluous
                 boughs
                 ,
                 helu'd
                 of
                 Iuory
                 ,
                 Box
                 ,
                 or
                 Brazell
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 3.
                 
                 Grafting
                 in
                 the
                 cleft
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 manner
                 of
                 grafting
                 in
                 a
                 cleft
                 ,
                 to
                 wit
                 ,
                 the
                 stocke
                 being
                 clou'd
                 ,
                 is
                 proper
                 not
                 onely
                 to
                 trees
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 as
                 great
                 as
                 a
                 mans
                 legs
                 or
                 armes
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 to
                 greater
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 that
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 trees
                 cannot
                 easily
                 be
                 clouen
                 in
                 their
                 stocke
                 ,
                 that
                 therefore
                 it
                 is
                 expedient
                 to
                 make
                 incision
                 in
                 some
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 branches
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 maine
                 body
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 to
                 be
                 practised
                 in
                 great
                 Apple
                 trees
                 ,
                 and
                 great
                 Peare-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 we
                 haue
                 already
                 declared
                 heretofore
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 graft
                 in
                 the
                 cleft
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 make
                 choise
                 of
                 a
                 graft
                 that
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 sap
                 and
                 i●yce
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 must
                 not
                 bee
                 ,
                 but
                 till
                 from
                 after
                 Ianuary
                 vntill
                 March
                 :
                 And
                 you
                 must
                 not
                 thus
                 graft
                 in
                 any
                 tree
                 that
                 is
                 already
                 budded
                 ,
                 because
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 iuyce
                 and
                 sap
                 would
                 be
                 already
                 mounted
                 vp
                 on
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 risen
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 dispersed
                 and
                 scattered
                 hither
                 and
                 thither
                 ,
                 into
                 euery
                 sprigge
                 and
                 twigge
                 ,
                 and
                 vse
                 nothing
                 welcome
                 to
                 the
                 graft
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 likewise
                 be
                 resolued
                 not
                 to
                 gather
                 your
                 graft
                 the
                 day
                 you
                 graft
                 in
                 ,
                 but
                 ten
                 or
                 twelue
                 dayes
                 before
                 :
                 for
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 graft
                 it
                 new
                 gathered
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 able
                 easily
                 to
                 incorporate
                 it selfe
                 with
                 the
                 body
                 and
                 stocke
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 shall
                 be
                 grafted
                 ;
                 because
                 that
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 will
                 dry
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 meanes
                 will
                 be
                 a
                 hinderance
                 in
                 the
                 stocke
                 to
                 the
                 rising
                 vp
                 of
                 the
                 sap
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 should
                 communerate
                 vnto
                 the
                 graft
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 put
                 forth
                 .
                 and
                 whereas
                 this
                 dried
                 part
                 will
                 fall
                 a
                 crumbling
                 ,
                 and
                 breaking
                 thorow
                 his
                 rottennesse
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 cause
                 to
                 remaine
                 a
                 concauity
                 ,
                 or
                 hollow
                 place
                 in
                 the
                 stock
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 be
                 an
                 occasion
                 of
                 a
                 like
                 inconuenience
                 
                 to
                 befall
                 the
                 graft
                 .
                 Moreouer
                 ,
                 the
                 graft
                 being
                 new
                 and
                 tender
                 ,
                 might
                 easily
                 be
                 hurt
                 of
                 the
                 bands
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 of
                 necessity
                 to
                 be
                 tyed
                 about
                 the
                 Stocke
                 ,
                 to
                 keepe
                 the
                 graft
                 firme
                 and
                 fast
                 .
                 And
                 you
                 must
                 further
                 see
                 ,
                 that
                 your
                 Plant
                 was
                 not
                 of
                 late
                 remoued
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 it
                 haue
                 already
                 fully
                 taken
                 root
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 you
                 are
                 minded
                 to
                 graft
                 many
                 grafts
                 into
                 one
                 cleft
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 see
                 that
                 they
                 be
                 cut
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 all
                 alike
                 .
              
               
                 
                 See
                 that
                 the
                 grafts
                 be
                 of
                 one
                 length
                 ,
                 or
                 not
                 much
                 differing
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 enough
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 haue
                 three
                 or
                 foure
                 eylets
                 without
                 the
                 wrench
                 when
                 the
                 Plant
                 is
                 once
                 sawed
                 ,
                 and
                 lopped
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 small
                 Siens
                 and
                 shootes
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 implyed
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 branches
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 haue
                 many
                 :
                 then
                 you
                 must
                 leaue
                 but
                 two
                 at
                 the
                 most
                 ,
                 before
                 you
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 cleauing
                 of
                 it
                 :
                 then
                 put
                 to
                 your
                 little
                 Saw
                 ,
                 or
                 your
                 knife
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 edged
                 toole
                 that
                 is
                 very
                 sharpe
                 ,
                 cleaue
                 it
                 quite
                 thorow
                 the
                 middest
                 ,
                 in
                 gentle
                 and
                 soft
                 sort
                 :
                 First
                 ,
                 tying
                 the
                 Stocke
                 very
                 sure
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 it
                 may
                 not
                 cleaue
                 further
                 then
                 is
                 need
                 :
                 and
                 then
                 put
                 to
                 your
                 Wedges
                 into
                 the
                 cleft
                 vntill
                 such
                 time
                 as
                 you
                 haue
                 set
                 in
                 your
                 grafts
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 cleauing
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 hold
                 the
                 knife
                 with
                 the
                 one
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 tree
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 to
                 helpe
                 to
                 keepe
                 it
                 from
                 cleauing
                 too
                 farre
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 put
                 in
                 your
                 wedge
                 of
                 Boxe
                 or
                 Brazill
                 ,
                 or
                 bone
                 at
                 the
                 small
                 end
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 you
                 may
                 the
                 better
                 take
                 it
                 out
                 againe
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 haue
                 set
                 in
                 your
                 grafts
                 .
              
               
                 
                 If
                 the
                 Stocke
                 be
                 clouen
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Barke
                 loosed
                 too
                 much
                 from
                 the
                 wood
                 :
                 then
                 cleaue
                 it
                 downe
                 lower
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 your
                 grafts
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 looke
                 that
                 their
                 incision
                 bee
                 fit
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 iustly
                 answerable
                 to
                 the
                 cleft
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 two
                 saps
                 ,
                 first
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 and
                 graft
                 ,
                 be
                 right
                 and
                 euen
                 set
                 one
                 against
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 handsomely
                 fitted
                 ,
                 as
                 
                 that
                 there
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 the
                 least
                 appearance
                 of
                 any
                 cut
                 or
                 cleft
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 they
                 doe
                 not
                 thus
                 ●●mpe
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 neuer
                 take
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 cannot
                 worke
                 their
                 seeming
                 matter
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 cartilaguous
                 glue
                 in
                 conuenient
                 sort
                 or
                 manner
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 gluing
                 of
                 their
                 ioynts
                 together
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 likewise
                 beware
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 make
                 your
                 cleft
                 ouerthwart
                 the
                 pitch
                 ,
                 but
                 somewhat
                 aside
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 barke
                 of
                 your
                 Plant
                 being
                 thicker
                 then
                 that
                 of
                 your
                 Graft
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 set
                 the
                 graft
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 more
                 outwardly
                 in
                 the
                 cleft
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 the
                 two
                 saps
                 may
                 in
                 any
                 case
                 be
                 ioyned
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 right
                 the
                 one
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 but
                 the
                 rinde
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 must
                 be
                 somewhat
                 more
                 out
                 ,
                 then
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 grafts
                 on
                 the
                 clouen
                 side
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 you
                 may
                 not
                 faile
                 of
                 this
                 worke
                 
                 of
                 imping
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 principally
                 take
                 heed
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 ouer-cleue
                 the
                 Stockes
                 of
                 your
                 Trees
                 .
                 But
                 before
                 you
                 widen
                 the
                 cleft
                 of
                 your
                 wedges
                 ,
                 binde
                 ,
                 and
                 goe
                 about
                 the
                 Stocke
                 with
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 turnes
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 with
                 an
                 Ozier
                 ,
                 close
                 drawne
                 together
                 ,
                 vnderneath
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 ,
                 where
                 you
                 would
                 haue
                 your
                 cleft
                 to
                 end
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 your
                 Stocke
                 cleaue
                 not
                 too
                 farre
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 vsuall
                 cause
                 of
                 the
                 miscarrying
                 of
                 grafts
                 ,
                 in
                 asmuch
                 as
                 hereby
                 the
                 cleft
                 standeth
                 so
                 wide
                 and
                 open
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 shut
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 not
                 grow
                 together
                 againe
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 meane
                 time
                 spendeth
                 it selfe
                 ,
                 and
                 breatheth
                 out
                 all
                 his
                 life
                 in
                 that
                 place
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 cause
                 that
                 the
                 Stocke
                 and
                 the
                 Graft
                 are
                 both
                 spilt
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 falleth
                 out
                 most
                 often
                 in
                 Plum-trees
                 ,
                 &
                 branches
                 of
                 trees
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 be
                 careful
                 so
                 to
                 ioyne
                 the
                 rinds
                 of
                 your
                 grafts
                 ,
                 and
                 Plants
                 ,
                 that
                 nothing
                 may
                 continue
                 open
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 the
                 wind
                 ,
                 moisture
                 of
                 the
                 clay
                 or
                 raine
                 ,
                 running
                 vpon
                 the
                 grafted
                 place
                 ,
                 do
                 not
                 get
                 in
                 :
                 when
                 the
                 plant
                 cleueth
                 very
                 
                 straight
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 any
                 danger
                 nor
                 hardnesse
                 in
                 sloping
                 
                 downe
                 the
                 Graft
                 .
                 If
                 you
                 leaue
                 it
                 somewhat
                 vneuen
                 ,
                 or
                 rough
                 in
                 some
                 places
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 saps
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 may
                 the
                 better
                 grow
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 giued
                 together
                 ,
                 when
                 your
                 grafts
                 are
                 once
                 well
                 ioyned
                 to
                 your
                 Plants
                 ,
                 draw
                 out
                 your
                 wedges
                 very
                 softly
                 ,
                 lest
                 you
                 displace
                 them
                 againe
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 leaue
                 there
                 within
                 the
                 cleft
                 some
                 small
                 end
                 of
                 a
                 wedge
                 of
                 greene
                 wood
                 ,
                 cutting
                 it
                 very
                 close
                 with
                 the
                 head
                 of
                 the
                 Stocke
                 :
                 Some
                 cast
                 giue
                 into
                 the
                 cleft
                 ,
                 some
                 Sugar
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 gummed
                 Waxe
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 the
                 Stocke
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 whereupon
                 you
                 intend
                 to
                 graft
                 ,
                 be
                 not
                 so
                 thicke
                 as
                 your
                 graft
                 ,
                 you
                 shall
                 graft
                 it
                 
                 after
                 the
                 fashion
                 of
                 a
                 Goates
                 foot
                 ,
                 make
                 a
                 cleft
                 in
                 the
                 Stocke
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 ,
                 not
                 direct
                 ,
                 but
                 byas
                 &
                 that
                 smooth
                 and
                 euen
                 ,
                 not
                 rough
                 :
                 then
                 apply
                 and
                 make
                 fast
                 thereto
                 ,
                 the
                 graft
                 withall
                 his
                 Barke
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 answering
                 to
                 the
                 barke
                 of
                 the
                 Plant.
                 This
                 being
                 done
                 ,
                 couer
                 the
                 place
                 with
                 the
                 fat
                 earth
                 and
                 ●oste
                 of
                 the
                 Woods
                 tyed
                 together
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 band
                 :
                 sticke
                 a
                 pole
                 of
                 Wood
                 by
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 keepe
                 it
                 stedfast
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 4.
                 
                 Grasting
                 like
                 a
                 Scutcheon
                 .
              
               
                 IN
                 grafting
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 a
                 Scutcheon
                 ,
                 you
                 shall
                 not
                 vary
                 nor
                 differ
                 much
                 from
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Flute
                 or
                 Pipe
                 ,
                 saue
                 only
                 that
                 the
                 Scutcheon-like
                 graft
                 ,
                 hauing
                 one
                 eyelet
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 hath
                 yet
                 the
                 wood
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 whereupon
                 the
                 Scutcheon-like
                 graft
                 is
                 grafted
                 ,
                 hath
                 not
                 any
                 knob
                 ,
                 or
                 budde
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 wood
                 whereupon
                 the
                 graft
                 is
                 grafted
                 ,
                 
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 a
                 pipe
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Summer
                 when
                 the
                 trees
                 are
                 well
                 replenished
                 
                 with
                 sap
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 their
                 new
                 Siens
                 begin
                 to
                 grow
                 somewhat
                 hard
                 ,
                 you
                 shall
                 take
                 a
                 shoote
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 chiefe
                 branches
                 of
                 some
                 noble
                 and
                 reclaimed
                 tree
                 ,
                 whereof
                 you
                 would
                 faine
                 haue
                 some
                 fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 old
                 store
                 or
                 wood
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 ruise
                 a
                 good
                 eylet
                 ,
                 the
                 tayle
                 and
                 all
                 thereof
                 to
                 make
                 your
                 graft
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 you
                 choose
                 ,
                 take
                 the
                 thickest
                 ,
                 and
                 grossest
                 ,
                 diuide
                 the
                 tayle
                 in
                 the
                 middest
                 ,
                 before
                 you
                 doe
                 auy
                 thing
                 else
                 ,
                 casting
                 away
                 the
                 leafe
                 (
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 a
                 Peare
                 plum-tree
                 :
                 for
                 that
                 would
                 haue
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 leaues
                 )
                 without
                 remouing
                 any
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 tayle
                 :
                 afterward
                 with
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 a
                 sharpe
                 knife
                 ,
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 Barke
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 shoote
                 ,
                 the
                 patterne
                 of
                 a
                 shield
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 length
                 of
                 a
                 nayle
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 onely
                 one
                 eylet
                 higher
                 then
                 the
                 middest
                 together
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 residue
                 of
                 the
                 tayle
                 which
                 
                 you
                 left
                 behinde
                 :
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 lifting
                 vp
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 graft
                 in
                 Scutcheon
                 ,
                 after
                 that
                 you
                 haue
                 cut
                 the
                 barke
                 of
                 the
                 shoote
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 without
                 cutting
                 of
                 the
                 wood
                 within
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 take
                 it
                 gently
                 with
                 your
                 thumbe
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 putting
                 it
                 away
                 you
                 must
                 presse
                 vpon
                 the
                 wood
                 from
                 which
                 you
                 pull
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 you
                 may
                 bring
                 the
                 bud
                 and
                 all
                 away
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Scutcheon
                 :
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 leaue
                 it
                 behinde
                 with
                 the
                 wood
                 ,
                 then
                 were
                 the
                 Scutcheon
                 nothing
                 worth
                 .
                 You
                 shall
                 finde
                 out
                 if
                 the
                 Scutcheon
                 be
                 nothing
                 worth
                 ,
                 if
                 looking
                 within
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 pulled
                 away
                 from
                 the
                 wood
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 sute
                 ,
                 you
                 finde
                 it
                 to
                 haue
                 a
                 hole
                 within
                 ,
                 but
                 more
                 manifestly
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 bud
                 doe
                 stay
                 behind
                 in
                 the
                 Wood
                 ,
                 which
                 ought
                 to
                 haue
                 beene
                 in
                 the
                 Scutcheon
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 your
                 Scutcheon
                 being
                 well
                 raised
                 and
                 taken
                 
                 
                 off
                 ,
                 hold
                 it
                 a
                 little
                 by
                 the
                 tayle
                 betwixt
                 your
                 lips
                 ,
                 without
                 wetting
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 euen
                 vntil
                 you
                 haue
                 cut
                 the
                 Barke
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 where
                 you
                 would
                 graft
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 looke
                 that
                 it
                 be
                 cut
                 without
                 any
                 wounding
                 of
                 the
                 wood
                 within
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 a
                 c●utch
                 ,
                 but
                 somewhat
                 longer
                 then
                 the
                 Scu●cheon
                 that
                 you
                 haue
                 to
                 set
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 no
                 place
                 cutting
                 the
                 wood
                 within
                 ;
                 after
                 you
                 haue
                 made
                 incision
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 open
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 it
                 gape
                 wide
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 gentle
                 handling
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 with
                 little
                 Sizers
                 of
                 bone
                 ,
                 and
                 separating
                 the
                 wood
                 and
                 the
                 barke
                 a
                 little
                 within
                 ,
                 euen
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 your
                 Scutcheon
                 is
                 in
                 length
                 and
                 breadth
                 :
                 you
                 must
                 take
                 heed
                 that
                 in
                 d●ing
                 hereof
                 ,
                 you
                 do
                 not
                 hart
                 the
                 bark
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 done
                 take
                 your
                 Scutcheon
                 by
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 and
                 your
                 tayle
                 which
                 you
                 haue
                 left
                 remaining
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 into
                 
                 your
                 incision
                 made
                 in
                 your
                 tree
                 ,
                 lifting
                 vp
                 softly
                 your
                 two
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 incision
                 with
                 your
                 said
                 Sizers
                 of
                 bone
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 the
                 said
                 Scutcheon
                 to
                 ioyne
                 ,
                 and
                 lye
                 as
                 close
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 wood
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 ,
                 being
                 cut
                 ,
                 as
                 aforesaid
                 ,
                 in
                 waying
                 a
                 little
                 vpon
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 your
                 rinde
                 :
                 so
                 cut
                 and
                 let
                 the
                 vpper
                 part
                 of
                 your
                 Scutcheon
                 lye
                 close
                 vnto
                 the
                 vpper
                 end
                 of
                 your
                 incision
                 ,
                 or
                 barke
                 of
                 your
                 said
                 tree
                 :
                 afterward
                 binde
                 your
                 Scutcheon
                 about
                 with
                 a
                 band
                 of
                 Hempe
                 ,
                 as
                 thicke
                 as
                 a
                 pen
                 of
                 a
                 q●ill
                 ,
                 more
                 or
                 lesse
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 your
                 tree
                 is
                 small
                 or
                 great
                 ,
                 taking
                 the
                 same
                 Hempe
                 in
                 the
                 middest
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 either
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 may
                 performe
                 a
                 like
                 seruice
                 ;
                 and
                 wreathing
                 and
                 binding
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Scutcheon
                 into
                 the
                 incision
                 of
                 a
                 tree
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 tyed
                 too
                 strait
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 would
                 keepe
                 it
                 from
                 taking
                 the
                 ioyning
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 sap
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 being
                 hindred
                 thereby
                 ,
                 and
                 neither
                 the
                 Scutcheon
                 ,
                 nor
                 yet
                 the
                 Hempe
                 must
                 be
                 moist
                 or
                 wet
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 more
                 iustly
                 
                 to
                 binde
                 them
                 together
                 ,
                 begin
                 at
                 the
                 back●
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 right
                 ouer
                 against
                 the
                 middest
                 of
                 the
                 incision
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 come
                 forward
                 to
                 ioyne
                 them
                 before
                 ,
                 aboue
                 the
                 eylet
                 and
                 tayle
                 of
                 the
                 Scutcheon
                 ,
                 crossing
                 your
                 band
                 of
                 Hempe
                 ,
                 so
                 oft
                 as
                 the
                 two
                 ends
                 meet
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 returning
                 backe
                 againe
                 ,
                 come
                 about
                 and
                 tye
                 it
                 likewise
                 vnderneath
                 the
                 eylets
                 :
                 and
                 thus
                 cast
                 about
                 your
                 band
                 still
                 backward
                 and
                 forward
                 ,
                 vntill
                 the
                 whole
                 cleft
                 of
                 the
                 incision
                 be
                 couered
                 aboue
                 and
                 below
                 with
                 the
                 said
                 Hempe
                 ,
                 the
                 eylet
                 onely
                 excepted
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 tayle
                 which
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 couered
                 at
                 all
                 ;
                 
                 his
                 tayle
                 will
                 fall
                 away
                 one
                 part
                 after
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 shortly
                 after
                 the
                 ingrafting
                 ,
                 if
                 so
                 be
                 the
                 Scutcheon
                 will
                 take
                 .
                 Leaue
                 your
                 trees
                 and
                 Scutcheons
                 thus
                 bound
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 one
                 moneth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 thicker
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 deale
                 longer
                 time
                 .
                 Afterward
                 looke
                 them
                 ouer
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 you
                 perceiue
                 them
                 to
                 grow
                 together
                 ,
                 vntye
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 the
                 leastwise
                 cut
                 the
                 Hempe
                 behinde
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 leaue
                 them
                 vncouered
                 .
                 Cut
                 also
                 your
                 branch
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 fingers
                 aboue
                 that
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 impe
                 may
                 prosper
                 the
                 better
                 :
                 and
                 thus
                 let
                 them
                 remaine
                 till
                 after
                 Winter
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 moneth
                 of
                 March
                 ,
                 and
                 Aprill
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 perceiue
                 that
                 your
                 budde
                 of
                 your
                 Scutcheon
                 doe
                 swell
                 and
                 come
                 forward
                 :
                 then
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 tree
                 three
                 fingers
                 or
                 thereabouts
                 ,
                 aboue
                 the
                 Scutcheon
                 :
                 
                 for
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 too
                 neere
                 the
                 Scutcheon
                 ,
                 at
                 such
                 time
                 as
                 it
                 putteth
                 forth
                 his
                 first
                 blossome
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 meanes
                 greatly
                 to
                 hinder
                 the
                 flowring
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 also
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 not
                 thriue
                 and
                 prosper
                 so
                 well
                 after
                 that
                 one
                 yeere
                 is
                 past
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 shoote
                 beginneth
                 to
                 be
                 strong
                 :
                 beginning
                 to
                 put
                 forth
                 the
                 second
                 bud
                 and
                 blossome
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 goe
                 forward
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 
                 in
                 byas-wise
                 the
                 three
                 fingers
                 in
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 ,
                 which
                 you
                 left
                 there
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 cut
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 yeere
                 going
                 before
                 ,
                 as
                 hath
                 beene
                 said
                 .
              
               
                 
                 When
                 your
                 shoote
                 shall
                 haue
                 put
                 foorth
                 a
                 great
                 deale
                 of
                 length
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 sticke
                 downe
                 there
                 ,
                 euen
                 hard
                 ioyned
                 thereunto
                 ,
                 little
                 stakes
                 ,
                 tying
                 them
                 together
                 very
                 gently
                 and
                 easily
                 ;
                 aud
                 these
                 shall
                 stay
                 your
                 shootes
                 and
                 prop
                 them
                 vp
                 ,
                 letting
                 the
                 winde
                 from
                 doing
                 any
                 harme
                 vnto
                 them
                 .
                 Thus
                 you
                 may
                 graft
                 white
                 Roses
                 in
                 red
                 ,
                 and
                 red
                 in
                 white
                 .
                 Thus
                 you
                 may
                 graft
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 Scutcheons
                 :
                 prouided
                 that
                 they
                 be
                 all
                 of
                 one
                 side
                 :
                 for
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 set
                 equally
                 together
                 in
                 height
                 because
                 then
                 they
                 would
                 bee
                 all
                 staruelings
                 ,
                 ne●ther
                 would
                 they
                 be
                 directly
                 one
                 ouer
                 
                 another
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 lower
                 would
                 stay
                 the
                 rising
                 vp
                 of
                 the
                 sap
                 of
                 the
                 tree
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 those
                 aboue
                 should
                 consume
                 in
                 penury
                 ,
                 and
                 vndergoe
                 the
                 aforesaid
                 inconuenience
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 note
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Scutcheon
                 which
                 is
                 gathered
                 from
                 the
                 Sien
                 of
                 a
                 tree
                 whose
                 fruite
                 is
                 sowre
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 cut
                 in
                 square
                 forme
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 plaine
                 fashion
                 of
                 a
                 Scutcheon
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 ordinary
                 to
                 graffe
                 the
                 sweet
                 Quince
                 tree
                 ,
                 bastard
                 Peach-tree
                 ,
                 Apricock-tree
                 ,
                 Iuiube-tree
                 ,
                 sowre
                 Cherry
                 treee
                 ,
                 sweet
                 Cherry-tree
                 ,
                 and
                 Chestnut
                 tree
                 ,
                 after
                 this
                 fashion
                 ,
                 howbeit
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 grafted
                 in
                 the
                 cleft
                 more
                 easily
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 profitably
                 ;
                 although
                 diuers
                 be
                 of
                 contrary
                 opinion
                 ,
                 as
                 thus
                 best
                 :
                 Take
                 the
                 grafts
                 of
                 sweet
                 Quince
                 tree
                 ,
                 and
                 bastard
                 Peach-tree
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 fairest
                 wood
                 ,
                 and
                 best
                 fed
                 that
                 you
                 can
                 finde
                 ,
                 growing
                 vpon
                 the
                 wood
                 of
                 two
                 
                 yeeres
                 old
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 wood
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 firme
                 nor
                 solid
                 as
                 the
                 others
                 :
                 and
                 you
                 shall
                 graffe
                 them
                 vpon
                 small
                 Plum-tree
                 stocks
                 ,
                 being
                 of
                 the
                 thicknes
                 of
                 ones
                 thumbe
                 ;
                 these
                 you
                 shall
                 cut
                 after
                 the
                 fashion
                 of
                 a
                 Goats
                 foot
                 :
                 you
                 
                 shall
                 not
                 goe
                 about
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 cleft
                 of
                 any
                 more
                 sides
                 then
                 one
                 ,
                 being
                 about
                 a
                 foot
                 high
                 from
                 the
                 ground
                 ;
                 you
                 must
                 open
                 it
                 with
                 your
                 small
                 wedge
                 :
                 and
                 being
                 thus
                 grafted
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 seeme
                 to
                 you
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 open
                 but
                 of
                 one
                 side
                 ;
                 afterward
                 you
                 shall
                 wrap
                 it
                 vp
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 Mosse
                 ,
                 putting
                 thereto
                 some
                 gummed
                 Wax
                 ,
                 or
                 clay
                 ,
                 and
                 binde
                 it
                 vp
                 with
                 Oziers
                 to
                 keepe
                 it
                 surer
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 stocke
                 is
                 not
                 strong
                 enough
                 it selfe
                 to
                 hold
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 shall
                 furnish
                 it
                 euery
                 manner
                 of
                 way
                 as
                 others
                 are
                 dealt
                 withall
                 :
                 this
                 is
                 most
                 profitable
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   time
                   of
                   grafting
                   .
                
                 
                   All
                   moneths
                   are
                   good
                   to
                   graft
                   in
                   ,
                   (
                   the
                   moneth
                   of
                   October
                   and
                   Nouember
                   onely
                   excepted
                   )
                   But
                   commonly
                   ,
                   graft
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   when
                   sap
                   beginneth
                   to
                   arise
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   a
                   cold
                   Countrey
                   graft
                   later
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   a
                   warme
                   Countrey
                   earlier
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   best
                   time
                   generall
                   is
                   from
                   the
                   first
                   of
                   February
                   ,
                   vntill
                   the
                   first
                   of
                   May.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   grafts
                   must
                   alwaies
                   be
                   gathered
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   old
                   of
                   the
                   Moone
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   grafts
                   choose
                   shootes
                   of
                   a
                   yeere
                   old
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   the
                   furthermost
                   two
                   yeeres
                   old
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   you
                   must
                   carry
                   grafts
                   farre
                   ,
                   pricke
                   them
                   into
                   a
                   Turnep
                   newly
                   gathered
                   ,
                   or
                   say
                   earth
                   about
                   the
                   ends
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   you
                   set
                   stones
                   of
                   Plummes
                   ,
                   Almonds
                   ,
                   Nuts
                   ,
                   or
                   Peaches
                   :
                   First
                   let
                   them
                   lye
                   a
                   little
                   in
                   the
                   Sunne
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   steepe
                   them
                   in
                   Milke
                   or
                   Water
                   ,
                   three
                   or
                   foure
                   daye●
                   before
                   you
                   put
                   them
                   into
                   the
                   earth
                   .
                
                 
                   Dry
                   the
                   kernels
                   of
                   Pippins
                   ,
                   and
                   sow
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Nouember
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   stone
                   of
                   a
                   Plum-tree
                   must
                   be
                   set
                   a
                   foot
                   deepe
                   in
                   Nouember
                   ,
                   or
                   February
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Date-stone
                   must
                   be
                   set
                   the
                   great
                   end
                   downwards
                   ,
                   two
                   cubits
                   deepe
                   in
                   the
                   earth
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   place
                   enriched
                   with
                   dung
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Peach-stone
                   would
                   be
                   set
                   presently
                   after
                   the
                   Fruit
                   is
                   eaten
                   ,
                   some
                   quantity
                   of
                   the
                   flesh
                   of
                   the
                   Peach
                   remaining
                   about
                   the
                   stone
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   you
                   will
                   haue
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   excellent
                   ,
                   graft
                   is
                   afterward
                   vpon
                   an
                   Almond
                   tree
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   little
                   Sie●s
                   of
                   Cherry-trees
                   ,
                   grown
                   thicke
                   with
                   haire
                   ,
                   rots
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   also
                   which
                   doe
                   grow
                   vp
                   from
                   the
                   rootes
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   Cherry-trees
                   ,
                   being
                   remoued
                   ,
                   doe
                   grow
                   better
                   and
                   sooner
                   then
                   they
                   which
                   come
                   of
                   stones
                   :
                   but
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   remoued
                   and
                   planted
                   while
                   they
                   are
                   but
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   yeeres
                   old
                   ,
                   the
                   branches
                   must
                   be
                   lopped
                   .
                
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               The
               Contents
               of
               the
               Art
               of
               Propagating
               Plants
               .
            
             
               
                 THe
                 Art
                 of
                 propagating
                 Plants
                 .
              
               
                 page
                 109.
                 
              
               
                 Grafting
                 in
                 the
                 Barke
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 111.
                 
              
               
                 Grafting
                 in
                 the
                 cleft
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 113.
                 
              
               
                 Grafters
                 Tooles
                 .
              
               
               
                 Time
                 of
                 planting
                 &
                 seting
                 .
              
               
               
                 Time
                 of
                 grafting
                 .
              
               
               
                 How
                 to
                 cut
                 the
                 stumps
                 in
                 grafting
                 .
              
               
               
                 Sprouts
                 and
                 imps
                 :
                 how
                 gathered
                 .
              
               
               
                 Grafting
                 like
                 a
                 Scutcheon
                 .
              
               
                 p.
                 116.
                 
              
               
                 Inoculation
                 in
                 the
                 Barke
                 .
              
               
               
                 Empla●ster-w●se
                 grafting
                 .
              
               
               
                 To
                 pr●cke
                 stick●s
                 to
                 beare
                 the
                 first
                 yeere
                 .
              
               
               
                 To
                 haue
                 Cherries
                 or
                 Plums
                 without
                 stones
                 .
              
               
               
                 To
                 make
                 Quinces
                 great
                 .
              
               
               
                 To
                 set
                 stones
                 of
                 Plummes
                 .
              
               
               
                 Dates
                 ,
                 Nut
                 ,
                 and
                 Peaches
                 .
              
               
               
                 To
                 make
                 fruit
                 smell
                 well
                 .
              
               
               
                 To
                 plant
                 Cherry-trees
                 .
              
               
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
             
               THE
               HVSBAND
               MANS
               FRVITEFVLL
               ORCHARD
               .
            
             
               For
               the
               true
               ordering
               of
               all
               sorts
               of
               Fruits
               in
               their
               due
               seasons
               ;
               and
               how
               double
               increase
               commeth
               by
               care
               in
               gathering
               yeere
               after
               yeare
               :
               as
               also
               the
               best
               way
               of
               carriage
               by
               land
               or
               by
               water
               :
               With
               their
               preseruation
               for
               longest
               continuance
               .
            
             
               OF
               all
               stone
               Fruit
               ,
               
               Cherries
               are
               the
               first
               to
               be
               gathered
               :
               of
               which
               ,
               though
               we
               reckon
               foure
               sorts
               ;
               
                 Engl●sh
                 ,
                 Flemish
                 ,
                 Gascoyne
              
               and
               Blacke
               ,
               yet
               are
               they
               reduced
               to
               two
               ,
               the
               early
               ,
               and
               the
               ordinary
               :
               the
               earely
               are
               those
               whose
               grafts
               came
               first
               from
               France
               and
               Flanders
               ,
               and
               are
               now
               ripe
               with
               vs
               in
               May
               :
               the
               ordinary
               is
               our
               owne
               naturall
               Cherry
               ,
               and
               is
               not
               ripe
               before
               Iune
               ;
               they
               must
               be
               carefully
               kept
               from
               Birds
               ,
               either
               with
               
               nets
               ,
               noise
               ,
               or
               other
               industry
               .
            
             
               They
               are
               not
               all
               ripe
               at
               once
               ,
               nor
               may
               be
               gathered
               at
               once
               ,
               
               therefore
               with
               a
               light
               Ladder
               ,
               made
               to
               stand
               of
               it selfe
               ,
               without
               hurting
               the
               boughes
               ,
               mount
               to
               the
               tree
               ,
               and
               with
               a
               gathering
               hooke
               ,
               gather
               those
               which
               be
               full
               ripe
               ,
               and
               put
               them
               into
               your
               Cherry-pot
               ,
               or
               Kybzey
               hanging
               by
               your
               side
               ,
               or
               vpon
               any
               bough
               you
               please
               ,
               and
               be
               sure
               to
               breake
               no
               stalke
               ,
               but
               that
               the
               cherry
               hangs
               by
               ;
               and
               pull
               them
               gently
               ,
               lay
               them
               downe
               tenderly
               ,
               and
               handle
               them
               as
               little
               as
               you
               can
               .
            
             
               
               For
               the
               conueyance
               or
               portage
               of
               Cherries
               ,
               they
               are
               best
               to
               be
               carried
               in
               broad
               Baskets
               like
               siues
               ,
               with
               smooth
               yeelding
               bottomes
               ,
               onely
               two
               broad
               laths
               going
               along
               the
               bottome
               :
               and
               if
               you
               doe
               trasport
               them
               by
               ship
               ,
               or
               boate
               ,
               let
               not
               the
               siues
               be
               fil'd
               to
               the
               top
               ,
               lest
               setting
               one
               vpon
               another
               ,
               you
               bruise
               and
               hurt
               the
               Cherries
               :
               if
               you
               carry
               by
               horse-backe
               ,
               then
               panniers
               well
               lined
               with
               Fearne
               ,
               and
               packt
               full
               and
               close
               is
               the
               best
               and
               safest
               way
               .
            
             
               Now
               for
               the
               gathering
               of
               all
               other
               stone-fruite
               ,
               as
               N●rtarines
               ,
               
               Apricockes
               ,
               Peaches
               ,
               Peare-plumbes
               ,
               Damsons
               ,
               Bullas
               ,
               and
               such
               like
               ,
               although
               in
               their
               seuerall
               kinds
               ,
               they
               seeme
               not
               to
               be
               ripe
               at
               once
               on
               one
               tree
               :
               yet
               when
               any
               is
               ready
               to
               drop
               from
               the
               tree
               ,
               though
               the
               other
               seeme
               hard
               ,
               yet
               they
               may
               also
               be
               gathered
               ,
               for
               they
               haue
               receiued
               the
               full
               substance
               the
               tree
               can
               giue
               them
               ;
               and
               therefore
               the
               day
               being
               faire
               ,
               and
               the
               dew
               drawne
               away
               ;
               set
               vp
               your
               Ladder
               ,
               and
               as
               you
               gathered
               your
               Cherries
               ,
               so
               gather
               them
               :
               onely
               in
               the
               bottomes
               of
               your
               large
               siues
               ,
               where
               you
               part
               them
               ,
               you
               shall
               lay
               Nettles
               ,
               and
               likewise
               in
               the
               top
               ,
               for
               that
               will
               ripen
               those
               that
               are
               most
               vnready
               .
            
             
               In
               gathering
               of
               Peares
               are
               three
               things
               obserued
               ;
               
               to
               gather
               for
               expence
               ,
               
               for
               transportation
               ,
               or
               to
               sell
               to
               the
               Apothecary
               .
               If
               for
               expence
               ,
               and
               your
               owne
               vse
               ,
               then
               gather
               them
               as
               soone
               as
               they
               change
               ,
               and
               are
               as
               it
               were
               halfe
               ripe
               ,
               and
               no
               more
               but
               those
               which
               are
               changed
               ,
               letting
               the
               rest
               hang
               till
               they
               change
               also
               :
               for
               thus
               they
               will
               ripen
               kindely
               ,
               and
               not
               rot
               so
               soone
               ,
               as
               if
               they
               were
               full
               ripe
               at
               the
               gathering
               .
               But
               if
               you●
               Peares
               be
               to
               be
               transported
               farre
               either
               by
               Land
               or
               Water
               ,
               then
               pull
               one
               from
               the
               tree
               ,
               and
               cut
               it
               in
               the
               middest
               ,
               and
               if
               you
               finde
               it
               hollow
               about
               the
               choare
               ,
               and
               the
               kernell
               a
               large
               space
               to
               lye
               in
               :
               although
               no
               Peare
               be
               ready
               to
               drop
               from
               the
               tree
               ,
               yet
               then
               they
               may
               be
               gathered
               ,
               and
               then
               laying
               them
               on
               a
               heape
               one
               vpon
               another
               ,
               as
               of
               necessi●y
               they
               must
               be
               for
               transportation
               ,
               they
               will
               ripen
               of
               themselues
               ,
               and
               eate
               kindly
               :
               but
               gathered
               before
               ,
               they
               will
               wither
               ,
               shrinke
               and
               eate
               rough
               ,
               losing
               not
               onely
               their
               taste
               ,
               but
               beauty
               .
            
             
               Now
               for
               the
               manner
               of
               gathering
               ;
               albeit
               some
               climb
               into
               the
               trees
               by
               the
               boughes
               ,
               and
               some
               by
               Ladder
               ,
               yet
               both
               is
               amisse
               :
               the
               best
               way
               is
               with
               the
               Ladder
               before
               spoken
               of
               ,
               which
               standeth
               of
               it selfe
               ,
               with
               a
               basket
               and
               a
               line
               ,
               which
               being
               full
               ,
               you
               must
               gently
               let
               downe
               ,
               and
               keeping
               the
               string
               still
               in
               your
               hand
               ,
               being
               emptied
               ,
               draw
               it
               vp
               againe
               ,
               and
               so
               finish
               your
               labou●
               ,
               without
               troubling
               your selfe
               ,
               or
               hurting
               the
               tree
               .
            
             
               Now
               touching
               the
               gathering
               of
               Apples
               ,
               
               it
               is
               to
               be
               done
               according
               to
               the
               ripening
               of
               the
               fruite
               ;
               your
               Summer
               apples
               first
               ,
               and
               the
               Winter
               after
               .
            
             
               For
               Summer
               fruit
               ,
               when
               it
               is
               ripe
               ,
               some
               will
               drop
               from
               the
               tree
               ,
               and
               birds
               will
               be
               picking
               at
               them
               :
               But
               if
               you
               cut
               one
               of
               the
               greenest
               ,
               and
               finde
               it
               as
               was
               
               shew'd
               you
               before
               of
               the
               Peare
               :
               then
               you
               may
               gather
               them
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               house
               they
               will
               come
               to
               their
               ripenesse
               and
               perfection
               .
               For
               your
               Winter
               fruit
               ,
               you
               shall
               know
               the
               ripenesse
               by
               the
               obseruation
               before
               shewed
               ;
               but
               it
               must
               be
               gathered
               in
               a
               faire
               ,
               Sunny
               ,
               and
               dry
               day
               ,
               in
               the
               waine
               of
               the
               Moone
               ,
               and
               no
               Wind
               in
               the
               ●●st
               ,
               also
               after
               the
               deaw
               is
               gone
               away
               :
               for
               the
               least
               wet
               or
               moysture
               will
               make
               them
               subiect
               to
               rot
               and
               mi●
               dew
               :
               also
               you
               must
               haue
               an
               apron
               to
               gather
               in
               ,
               and
               to
               empty
               into
               the
               great
               baskets
               ,
               and
               a
               hooke
               to
               draw
               the
               boughes
               vnto
               you
               ,
               which
               you
               cannot
               reach
               with
               your
               hands
               at
               ease
               :
               the
               apron
               is
               to
               be
               an
               Ell
               euery
               way
               ,
               loopt
               vp
               to
               your
               girdle
               ,
               so
               as
               it
               may
               serue
               for
               either
               hand
               without
               any
               trouble
               :
               and
               when
               it
               is
               full
               ,
               vnloose
               one
               of
               your
               loopes
               ,
               and
               empty
               it
               gently
               into
               the
               great
               basket
               ,
               for
               in
               throwing
               them
               downe
               roughly
               ,
               their
               owne
               stalkes
               may
               pricke
               them
               ;
               and
               those
               which
               are
               prickt
               ,
               will
               euer
               rot
               .
               Againe
               ,
               you
               must
               gather
               your
               fruit
               cleane
               without
               leaues
               or
               brunts
               ,
               because
               the
               one
               hurts
               the
               tree
               ,
               for
               euery
               brunt
               would
               be
               a
               stalke
               for
               fruit
               to
               grow
               vpon
               :
               the
               other
               hurts
               the
               fruit
               by
               bruising
               ,
               and
               pricking
               it
               as
               it
               is
               layd
               together
               ,
               and
               there
               is
               nothing
               sooner
               rotteth
               fruite
               ,
               then
               the
               gre●ne
               and
               withe●ed
               leaues
               lying
               amongst
               them
               ;
               neither
               must
               you
               gather
               them
               without
               any
               stalke
               at
               all
               :
               for
               such
               fruit
               will
               begin
               to
               rot
               where
               the
               stalke
               stood
               .
            
             
               
               For
               sach
               fruit
               as
               falleth
               from
               the
               trees
               ,
               and
               are
               not
               gathered
               ,
               they
               must
               not
               be
               layd
               with
               the
               gathered
               fruit
               :
               and
               of
               fallings
               there
               are
               two
               sorts
               ;
               one
               that
               fals
               through
               ripenesse
               ,
               and
               they
               are
               ●est
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               kept
               to
               ba●e
               or
               roast
               :
               the
               other
               windfals
               ,
               and
               before
               they
               are
               ripe
               ;
               and
               they
               must
               be
               spent
               as
               they
               are
               gathered
               ,
               or
               else
               they
               will
               wither
               and
               come
               to
               nothing
               :
               and
               
               t●●●e●o●e
               it
               is
               not
               good
               by
               any
               meane●
               to
               beate
               downe
               fruit
               with
               Poales
               ,
               or
               to
               carrie
               them
               in
               Carts
               loose
               and
               iogging
               ,
               or
               in
               sacks
               where
               they
               may
               be
               bruised
               .
            
             
               When
               your
               fruit
               is
               gathered
               ,
               you
               shall
               lay
               them
               in
               deepe
               Baskets
               of
               Wicker
               ,
               
               which
               shall
               containe
               foure
               or
               sixe
               bushels
               ,
               and
               so
               betweene
               two
               men
               ,
               carry
               them
               to
               your
               Apple-Loft
               ,
               and
               in
               shooting
               or
               laying
               them
               downe
               ,
               be
               very
               carefull
               that
               it
               be
               done
               with
               all
               gentlenesse
               ,
               and
               leasure
               ,
               laying
               euery
               sort
               of
               fruit
               seuerall
               by
               it selfe
               :
               but
               if
               there
               be
               want
               of
               roome
               hauing
               so
               many
               sorts
               that
               you
               cannot
               lay
               them
               seuerally
               ,
               then
               such
               some
               fruite
               as
               is
               neerest
               in
               taste
               and
               colour
               ,
               and
               of
               Winter
               fruit
               ,
               such
               as
               will
               taste
               alike
               ,
               may
               if
               need
               require
               ,
               be
               laid
               together
               ,
               and
               in
               time
               you
               may
               separate
               them
               ,
               as
               shall
               bee
               shewed
               hereafter
               .
               But
               if
               your
               fruit
               be
               gathered
               faire
               from
               your
               Apple-Loft
               ,
               then
               must
               the
               bottomes
               of
               your
               Baskets
               be
               lined
               with
               greene
               Ferne
               ,
               and
               draw
               the
               stuborne
               ends
               of
               the
               same
               through
               the
               Basket
               ,
               that
               none
               but
               the
               soft
               leafe
               may
               touch
               the
               fruit
               ,
               and
               likewise
               couer
               the
               tops
               of
               the
               Baskets
               with
               Ferne
               also
               ,
               and
               draw
               small
               cord
               ouer
               it
               ,
               that
               the
               Ferne
               may
               not
               fall
               away
               ,
               nor
               the
               fruit
               scatter
               out
               ,
               oriogge
               vp
               and
               downe
               :
               and
               thus
               you
               may
               carry
               fruite
               by
               Land
               or
               by
               Water
               ,
               by
               Boat
               ,
               or
               Cart
               ,
               as
               farre
               as
               you
               please
               :
               and
               the
               Ferne
               doth
               not
               onely
               keepe
               them
               from
               bruising
               ,
               but
               also
               ripens
               them
               ,
               especially
               Peares
               .
               When
               your
               fruit
               is
               brought
               to
               your
               Apple-Loft
               or
               store●
               house
               ,
               if
               you
               finde
               them
               not
               ripened
               enough
               ,
               then
               lay
               them
               in
               thicker
               heapes
               vpon
               Fearne
               ,
               and
               couer
               them
               with
               Ferne
               also
               :
               and
               when
               they
               are
               neere
               ripe
               ,
               then
               vncouer
               them
               ,
               and
               make
               the
               heapes
               thinner
               ,
               so
               as
               the
               ayre
               may
               passe
               thorow
               them
               :
               and
               if
               you
               
               will
               not
               hasten
               the
               ripening
               of
               them
               ,
               then
               lay
               them
               on
               the
               boords
               without
               any
               Fearne
               at
               all
               .
               Now
               for
               Winter
               ,
               or
               long
               lasting
               Peares
               ,
               they
               may
               be
               packt
               either
               in
               Ferne
               or
               Straw
               ,
               and
               carried
               whither
               you
               please
               ;
               and
               being
               come
               to
               the
               iourneys
               end
               ,
               must
               be
               laid
               vpon
               sweet
               straw
               ;
               but
               beware
               the
               roome
               be
               not
               too
               warme
               ,
               not
               windie
               ,
               and
               too
               cold
               ,
               for
               both
               are
               hurtfull
               :
               but
               in
               a
               temperate
               place
               ,
               where
               they
               may
               haue
               ayre
               ,
               but
               not
               too
               much
               .
            
             
               
               Wardens
               are
               to
               be
               gathered
               ,
               carried
               ,
               packt
               ,
               and
               laid
               as
               Winter
               Peares
               are
               .
            
             
               
               Medlers
               are
               to
               be
               gathered
               about
               Michaelmas
               ,
               after
               a
               frost
               hath
               toucht
               them
               ;
               at
               which
               time
               they
               are
               in
               their
               full
               growth
               ,
               and
               will
               then
               be
               dropping
               from
               the
               tree
               ,
               but
               neuer
               ripe
               vpon
               the
               tree
               .
               When
               they
               are
               gathered
               ,
               they
               must
               be
               laid
               in
               a
               basket
               ,
               siue
               ,
               barrell
               ,
               or
               any
               such
               caske
               ,
               and
               wrapt
               about
               with
               woollen
               cloths
               ,
               vnder
               ,
               ouer
               ,
               and
               on
               all
               sides
               ,
               and
               also
               some
               waight
               laid
               vpon
               them
               ,
               with
               a
               boord
               betweene
               :
               for
               except
               they
               be
               brought
               into
               a
               heat
               ,
               they
               will
               neuer
               ripen
               kindly
               or
               taste
               well
               .
            
             
               Now
               when
               they
               haue
               laine
               till
               you
               thinke
               some
               of
               them
               be
               ripe
               ,
               the
               ripest
               ,
               still
               as
               they
               ripen
               ,
               must
               be
               taken
               from
               the
               rest
               :
               therefore
               powre
               them
               out
               into
               another
               siue
               or
               basket
               leasurely
               ,
               that
               so
               you
               may
               well
               finde
               them
               that
               be
               ripest
               ,
               letting
               the
               hard
               one
               fall
               into
               the
               other
               basket
               ,
               and
               those
               which
               be
               ripe
               laid
               aside
               :
               the
               other
               that
               be
               halfe
               ripe
               ,
               seuer
               also
               into
               a
               third
               siue
               or
               basket
               :
               for
               if
               the
               ripe
               and
               halfe
               ripe
               be
               kept
               together
               ,
               the
               one
               will
               be
               mouldy
               ,
               before
               the
               other
               be
               ripe
               :
               And
               thus
               doe
               ,
               till
               all
               be
               throughly
               ripe
               .
            
             
               Qu●nces
               should
               not
               be
               laid
               with
               other
               fruite
               ;
               for
               the
               sent
               is
               offensiue
               both
               to
               other
               fruite
               ,
               
               and
               to
               those
               that
               keepe
               the
               fruit
               or
               come
               amongst
               them
               :
               therefore
               
               lay
               them
               by
               themselues
               vpon
               sweet
               strawe
               ,
               where
               they
               may
               haue
               ayre
               enough
               :
               they
               must
               be
               packt
               like
               Medlers
               ,
               and
               gathered
               with
               Medlers
               .
            
             
               Apples
               must
               be
               packt
               in
               Wheat
               or
               Rye-straw
               ,
               and
               in
               maunds
               or
               baskets
               lyned
               with
               the
               same
               ,
               
               and
               being
               gently
               handled
               ,
               will
               ripen
               with
               such
               packing
               and
               lying
               together
               .
               If
               seuerall
               sorts
               of
               apples
               be
               packt
               in
               one
               maund
               or
               basket
               ,
               then
               betweene
               euery
               sort
               ,
               lay
               sweet
               strawe
               of
               a
               pretty
               thicknesse
               .
            
             
               Apples
               must
               not
               be
               powred
               out
               ,
               
               but
               with
               care
               and
               leasure
               :
               first
               ,
               the
               straw
               pickt
               cleane
               from
               them
               ,
               and
               then
               gently
               take
               out
               euery
               seuerall
               sort
               ,
               and
               place
               them
               by
               themselues
               :
               but
               if
               for
               want
               of
               roome
               you
               mixe
               the
               sorts
               together
               ,
               then
               lay
               those
               together
               that
               are
               of
               equall
               lasting
               ;
               but
               if
               they
               haue
               all
               one
               taste
               ,
               then
               they
               need
               no
               separation
               .
               Apples
               that
               are
               not
               of
               like
               colours
               should
               not
               be
               laid
               together
               ,
               and
               if
               any
               such
               be
               mingled
               ,
               let
               it
               be
               amended
               ,
               and
               those
               which
               are
               first
               ripe
               ,
               let
               them
               be
               first
               spent
               ;
               and
               to
               that
               end
               ,
               lay
               those
               apples
               together
               ,
               that
               are
               of
               one
               time
               of
               ripening
               :
               and
               thus
               you
               must
               vse
               Pippins
               also
               ,
               yet
               will
               they
               endure
               bruises
               better
               then
               other
               fruit
               ,
               and
               whilst
               they
               are
               greene
               will
               heale
               one
               another
               .
            
             
               Pippins
               though
               they
               grow
               of
               one
               tree
               ,
               and
               in
               one
               ground
               ,
               
               yet
               some
               will
               last
               better
               then
               other
               some
               ,
               and
               some
               will
               bee
               bigger
               then
               others
               of
               the
               same
               kinde
               ,
               according
               as
               they
               haue
               more
               or
               lesse
               of
               the
               Sunne
               ,
               or
               more
               or
               lesse
               of
               the
               droppings
               of
               the
               trees
               or
               vpper
               branches
               :
               therefore
               let
               euery
               one
               make
               most
               of
               that
               fruite
               which
               is
               fairest
               ,
               and
               longest
               lasting
               .
               Againe
               ,
               the
               largenesse
               and
               goodnesse
               of
               fruite
               consists
               in
               the
               age
               of
               the
               tree
               :
               for
               as
               the
               t●ee
               increaseth
               ,
               so
               the
               fruite
               increaseth
               in
               bignesse
               ,
               beauty
               ,
               taste
               ,
               and
               firmnesse
               :
               and
               otherwise
               ,
               as
               it
               decreaseth
               .
            
             
             
               If
               you
               be
               to
               transport
               your
               fruit
               farre
               by
               water
               ,
               then
               prouide
               some
               dry
               hogges-heads
               or
               barrells
               ,
               
               and
               packe
               in
               your
               apples
               ,
               one
               by
               one
               with
               your
               hand
               ,
               that
               no
               empty
               place
               may
               be
               left
               ,
               to
               occasion
               sogging
               ;
               and
               you
               must
               line
               your
               vessell
               at
               both
               ends
               with
               fine
               sweet
               straw
               ;
               but
               not
               the
               sides
               ,
               to
               auoid
               heat
               :
               and
               you
               must
               bore
               a
               dozen
               holes
               at
               either
               end
               ,
               to
               receiue
               ayre
               so
               much
               the
               better
               ;
               and
               by
               no
               meanes
               let
               them
               take
               wet
               .
               Some
               vse
               ,
               that
               transport
               beyond
               seas
               ,
               to
               shut
               the
               fruite
               vnder
               hatches
               vpon
               straw
               :
               but
               it
               is
               not
               so
               good
               ,
               if
               caske
               may
               be
               gotten
               .
               
            
             
               It
               is
               not
               good
               to
               transport
               fruite
               in
               March
               ,
               when
               the
               wind
               blowes
               bitterly
               ,
               nor
               in
               frosty
               weather
               ,
               neither
               in
               the
               extreme
               heate
               of
               Summer
               .
            
             
               If
               the
               quantity
               be
               small
               you
               would
               carry
               ,
               then
               you
               may
               carry
               them
               in
               Dossers
               or
               Panniers
               ,
               
               prouided
               they
               be
               euer
               filled
               close
               ,
               and
               that
               Cherries
               and
               Peares
               be
               lined
               with
               greene
               Fearne
               ,
               and
               Apples
               with
               sweete
               straw
               ;
               and
               that
               ,
               but
               at
               the
               bottomes
               and
               tops
               ,
               not
               on
               the
               sides
               .
            
             
               
               Winter
               fruite
               must
               lye
               neither
               too
               hot
               ,
               nor
               too
               cold
               ;
               too
               close
               ,
               nor
               too
               open
               :
               for
               all
               are
               offensiue
               .
               A
               lowe
               roome
               or
               Cellar
               that
               is
               sweet
               ,
               and
               either
               boorded
               or
               paued
               ,
               and
               not
               too
               close
               ,
               is
               good
               ,
               from
               Christmas
               till
               March
               :
               and
               roomes
               that
               are
               seeled
               ouer
               head
               ,
               and
               from
               the
               ground
               ,
               are
               good
               from
               March
               till
               May
               :
               then
               the
               Cellar
               againe
               ,
               from
               May
               till
               Michaelmas
               .
               The
               apple
               loft
               would
               be
               seeled
               or
               boorded
               ,
               which
               if
               it
               want
               ,
               take
               the
               longest
               Rye-straw
               ,
               and
               raise
               it
               against
               the
               walles
               ,
               to
               make
               a
               fence
               as
               high
               as
               the
               fruite
               lyeth
               ;
               and
               let
               it
               be
               no
               thicker
               then
               to
               keepe
               the
               fruite
               from
               the
               wall
               ,
               which
               being
               moyst
               ,
               may
               doe
               hurt
               ,
               or
               if
               not
               moist
               ,
               then
               the
               dust
               is
               offensiue
               .
            
             
             
               There
               are
               some
               fruite
               which
               will
               last
               but
               vntill
               Allhallontide
               :
               they
               must
               be
               laid
               by
               themselues
               ;
               
               then
               those
               which
               will
               last
               till
               Christmas
               ,
               by
               themselues
               :
               then
               those
               which
               will
               last
               till
               it
               be
               ●andlemas
               ,
               by
               themselues
               :
               those
               that
               will
               last
               till
               Shrouetide
               ,
               by
               themselues
               :
               and
               Pippins
               ,
               Apple-Iohns
               ,
               Peare-maines
               ,
               and
               Winter-Russettings
               ,
               which
               will
               last
               all
               the
               yeere
               by
               themselues
               .
            
             
               Now
               if
               you
               spy
               any
               rotten
               fruite
               in
               your
               heapes
               ,
               pick
               them
               out
               ,
               and
               with
               a
               Trey
               for
               the
               purpose
               ,
               see
               you
               turne
               the
               heapes
               ouer
               ,
               and
               leaue
               not
               a
               tainted
               Apple
               in
               them
               ,
               diuiding
               the
               hardest
               by
               themselues
               ,
               and
               the
               broken
               skinned
               by
               themselues
               to
               be
               first
               spent
               ,
               and
               the
               rotten
               ones
               to
               be
               cast
               away
               ;
               and
               euer
               as
               you
               turne
               them
               ,
               and
               picke
               them
               ,
               vnder-lay
               them
               with
               fresh
               straw
               :
               thus
               shall
               you
               keepe
               them
               safe
               for
               your
               vse
               ,
               which
               otherwise
               would
               rot
               suddenly
               .
            
             
               Pippins
               ,
               Iohn
               Apples
               ,
               Peare
               maines
               ,
               and
               such
               like
               long
               lasting
               fruit
               ,
               
               need
               not
               to
               be
               turned
               till
               the
               weeke
               before
               Christmas
               ,
               vnlesse
               they
               be
               mixt
               with
               other
               of
               a
               riper
               kind
               ,
               or
               that
               the
               fallings
               be
               also
               with
               them
               ,
               or
               much
               of
               the
               first
               straw
               left
               amongst
               them
               :
               the
               next
               time
               of
               turning
               is
               at
               Shroue-tide
               ;
               and
               after
               that
               ,
               once
               a
               moneth
               till
               Whitson-tide
               ;
               and
               after
               that
               ,
               once
               a
               fortnight
               ;
               and
               euer
               in
               the
               turning
               ,
               lay
               your
               heapes
               lower
               and
               lower
               ,
               and
               your
               straw
               very
               thinne
               :
               prouided
               you
               doe
               none
               of
               this
               labour
               in
               any
               great
               frost
               ,
               except
               it
               be
               in
               a
               close
               Celler
               .
               At
               euery
               thawe
               ,
               all
               fruit
               is
               moyst
               ,
               and
               then
               they
               must
               not
               be
               touched
               :
               neither
               in
               rainy
               weather
               ,
               for
               then
               they
               will
               be
               danke
               also
               :
               and
               therefore
               at
               such
               seasons
               it
               is
               good
               to
               set
               open
               your
               windowes
               ,
               and
               doores
               ,
               that
               the
               ayre
               may
               haue
               free
               passage
               to
               dry
               them
               ,
               as
               at
               nine
               of
               the
               
               clocke
               in
               the
               fore-noone
               in
               Winter
               ;
               and
               at
               sixe
               in
               the
               fore-noone
               ,
               and
               at
               eight
               at
               night
               in
               Summer
               :
               onely
               in
               March
               ,
               open
               not
               your
               windowes
               at
               all
               .
            
             
               All
               lasting
               fruite
               ,
               after
               the
               middest
               of
               May
               ,
               beginne
               to
               wither
               ,
               because
               then
               they
               waxe
               dry
               ,
               and
               the
               moisture
               gone
               ,
               which
               made
               them
               looke
               plumpe
               :
               they
               must
               needes
               wither
               ,
               and
               be
               smaller
               ;
               and
               nature
               decaying
               ,
               they
               must
               needes
               rot
               .
               And
               thus
               much
               touching
               the
               ordering
               of
               fruites
               .
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
               LONDON
               ,
               Printed
               by
               
                 Nicholas
                 Okes
              
               for
               IOHN
               HARISON
               ,
               at
               the
               golden
               Vnicorne
               in
               Pater-noster-row
               .
               1631.
               
            
             
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A05195-e3510
           
             Religious
             .
          
           
             Honest.
             
          
           
             Skilfull
             .
          
           
             Painfull
             .
          
           
             Wages
             .
          
           
             Kinds
             of
             trees
             .
          
           
             Soyle
             .
          
           
             Barren
             earth
             .
          
           
             Plaine
             .
          
           
             Moyst
             .
          
           
             Grasse
             .
          
           
             Naturally
             plaine
             .
          
           
             Crust
             of
             the
             earth
             .
          
           
             Low
             and
             neere
             a
             Riuer
             .
          
           
             Psal
             1.3
             .
          
           
             Ez●
             .
             ●7
             .
             8
             .
          
           
             〈◊〉
             39.17
             .
          
           
             Mr.
             Markham
             .
          
           
             Winds
             .
             Chap.
             13.
             
          
           
             Sunne
             .
          
           
             Trees
             against
             a
             wall
             .
          
           
             Orchard
             as
             good
             as
             a
             corn-field
             .
          
           
             Compared
             with
             a
             vinyard
             .
          
           
             Compared
             with
             a
             garden
             .
          
           
             What
             quantity
             of
             ground●
             
          
           
             Want
             is
             no
             hinderance
             .
          
           
             How
             Landlords
             .
             by
             their
             Te●an●s
             may
             mak●
             flour●shing
             Orchards
             in
             England
             .
          
           
             The
             vsuall
             forme
             is
             a
             square
             .
          
           
             A.
             Al
             these
             squares
             must
             bee
             set
             with
             trees
             ,
             the
             Gardens
             and
             other
             ornaments
             must
             stand
             on
             spaces
             betwixt
             the
             trees
             ,
             &
             in
             the
             borders
             &
             fences
             .
          
           
             B.
             Trees
             20.
             yards
             asunder
             .
          
           
             C.
             Garden
             Knots
             .
          
           
             D.
             Kitchen
             garden
             .
          
           
             E.
             Bridge
             .
          
           
             F.
             Conduit
             .
          
           
             G.
             Staires
             .
          
           
             H.
             Walkes
             set
             with
             great
             wood
             thicke
             .
          
           
             I.
             Walkes
             set
             with
             great
             wood
             round
             about
             your
             Orchard
             .
          
           
             K.
             The
             out
             fence
             .
          
           
             L.
             The
             out
             fence
             set
             with
             stone-fruite
             .
          
           
             M.
             Mount
             To
             force
             earth
             for
             a
             mount
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             set
             it
             round
             with
             quicke
             ,
             and
             lay
             boughes
             of
             trees
             strangely
             intermingled
             tops
             inward
             ,
             with
             the
             cart●●
             in
             the
             midle
             .
          
           
             N.
             S●ill-house
             .
          
           
             O.
             Good
             standing
             for
             Bees
             ,
             if
             you
             haue
             an
             house
             .
          
           
             P.
             If
             the
             riuer
             run
             by
             your
             doore
             ,
             &
             vnder
             your
             mount
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             pleasant
             .
          
           
             Effects
             of
             euill
             fencing
             .
          
           
             Let
             the
             fence
             be
             your
             owne
             .
          
           
             Kinds
             of
             fences
             ,
             earthen
             walles
             .
          
           
             Pale
             and
             Raile
             .
          
           
             Stone
             walls
             .
          
           
             Quicke
             wood
             and
             Moates
             .
          
           
             Moates
             .
          
           
             Slip●
             .
          
           
             Bur-knot
             .
          
           
             Vsuall
             Sets
             .
          
           
             Maine
             rootes
             cut
             .
          
           
             Stow
             sets
             remoued
             .
          
           
             Generall
             rule
             .
          
           
             ●ying
             of
             trees
             .
          
           
             Generall
             rule
             .
          
           
             Signes
             of
             diseases
             ,
             Chap
             13.
             
          
           
             Suckers
             good
             sets
             .
          
           
             A
             running
             Plant.
             
          
           
             Sets
             bought
             .
          
           
             The
             best
             sets
             .
          
           
             Vnremoued
             how
             .
          
           
             Sets
             vngrafted
             best
             of
             all
             .
          
           
             Time
             of
             remouing
             .
          
           
             Generall
             rule
             .
          
           
             Remooue
             soone
             .
          
           
             The
             manner
             of
             setting
             .
          
           
             Set
             in
             the
             crust
             .
          
           
             Moysture
             good
             .
          
           
             Gra●ts
             must
             be
             fenced
             .
          
           
             Hurts
             of
             too
             neere
             planting
             .
          
           
             Remedy
             .
          
           
             Generall
             rule
             .
          
           
             All
             touches
             hartfull
             .
          
           
             The
             best
             distance
             of
             trees
             .
          
           
             The
             part●
             of
             a
             tree
             .
          
           
             Waste
             ground
             in
             an
             Orchard
             .
          
           
             Kinds
             of
             gra●●ing
             .
          
           
             Graft
             how
             .
          
           
             A
             Graft
             what
             .
          
           
             Eyes
             .
          
           
             Generall
             rule
             .
          
           
             Time
             of
             graffing
             .
          
           
             Gathering
             graffes
             .
          
           
             Graffes
             of
             old
             ●●ees
             .
          
           
             Where
             taken
             .
          
           
             Emmits
             .
          
           
             Incising
             .
          
           
             A
             great
             stocke
             .
          
           
             Packing
             thus
             .
          
           
             Inoculating
             .
          
           
             Necessity
             〈…〉
             sli●g
             trees
             .
          
           
             Generall
             rule
             .
          
           
             Profit
             of
             trees
             dressed
             .
          
           
             The
             end
             of
             Trees
             .
          
           
             Trees
             will
             take
             any
             forme
             .
          
           
             The
             end
             of
             Trees
             .
          
           
             How
             to
             dresse
             a
             fruit-tree
             .
          
           
             Benefits
             of
             good
             ●ressing
             .
          
           
             Time
             best
             for
             proining
             ,
          
           
             Dressing
             betime
             .
          
           
             Faults
             of
             euill
             drest
             trees
             ,
             and
             the
             remedy
             .
          
           
             The
             forme
             altered
             .
          
           
             Dressing
             of
             old
             trees
             .
          
           
             Faults
             are
             fiue
             ,
             and
             their
             remedies
             .
          
           
             1
             1
             Long
             boale
             .
          
           
             No
             remedy
             .
          
           
             2
             2
             Water
             boughs
             .
          
           
             Remedy
             .
          
           
             Barke-pild
             ,
             and
             the
             remedy
             .
          
           
             Fretters
             .
          
           
             Touching
             .
          
           
             Remedy
             .
          
           
             Suckers
             .
          
           
             Remedy
             .
          
           
             One
             principall
             top
             or
             bough
             ,
             and
             remedy
             .
          
           
             Instruments
             for
             dressing
             .
          
           
             Necessity
             effoiling
             .
          
           
             Trees
             great
             suckers
             .
          
           
             Great
             bodies
             .
          
           
             Time
             fit
             for
             foyling
             .
          
           
             Kind
             of
             foyle
             .
          
           
             Two
             kinds
             of
             euils
             in
             an
             Orchard
             .
          
           
             Galls
             .
          
           
             Canker
             .
          
           
             Mosse
             .
          
           
             Weaknesse
             in
             setting
             .
          
           
             Barke-bound
             .
          
           
             Worme
             .
          
           
             Remedy
             .
          
           
             Barke
             pild
             .
          
           
             Wounds
             .
          
           
             Remedy
             .
          
           
             Hurts
             on
             trees
             Ants
             ,
             Earewigs
             ,
             Caterpillars
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             wormes
             .
          
           
             Externall
             euils
             .
          
           
             Remedy
             .
          
           
             Decre
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Birds
             .
          
           
             Remedy
             .
          
           
             Other
             trees
             .
          
           
             Winds
             .
          
           
             Frosts
             .
          
           
             Weeds
             .
          
           
             Remedy
             .
          
           
             Wormes
             Moales
             .
          
           
             Remedy
             .
          
           
             Wilfull
             annoyances
             .
          
           
             Remedy
             .
          
           
             The
             age
             o●
             trees
             .
          
           
             Gathered
             by
             reason
             out
             of
             experience
             .
          
           
             Parts
             of
             a
             trees
             age
             .
          
           
             Mans
             age
             .
          
           
             The
             age
             of
             timbe●
             tree●
             .
          
           
             Age
             of
             trees
             disc●rne●
             .
          
           
             Generall
             Rule
             
          
           
             Cherries
             .
             &c.
             
          
           
             Apples
             .
          
           
             When.
             
          
           
             Dry
             stalkes
             .
          
           
             Seuerally
             .
          
           
             Ouerladen
             ●●ees
             .
          
           
             Instruments
             .
          
           
             Bruises
             .
          
           
             Keeping
             .
          
           
             Cydar
             and
             Perry
             .
          
           
             Fruit.
             
          
           
             Waters
             .
          
           
             Conserue
             .
          
           
             D●li●ht
             the
             chiefe
             end
             o●
             Orchards
             .
          
           
             An
             Orchard
             delightsome
             .
          
           
             An
             Orchard
             is
             Paradise
             .
          
           
             Causes
             of
             wearisomnesse
             .
          
           
             Orchard
             is
             the
             remedy
             .
          
           
             All
             delight
             in
             Orchard●
             .
          
           
             This
             delights
             all
             the
             sences
             .
          
           
             Delighteth
             old
             age
             .
          
           
             Causes
             of
             delight
             in
             an
             Orchard
             .
          
           
             Flowers
             .
          
           
             Borders
             and
             squares
             .
          
           
             Mounts
             .
          
           
             Whence
             you
             may
             shoote
             a
             Bucke
             .
          
           
             Dyall
             .
          
           
             Musique
             .
          
           
             Walkes
             .
          
           
             Seates
             .
          
           
             Order
             of
             trees
             .
          
           
             Shape
             of
             men
             and
             beasts
             .
          
           
             Mazes
             .
          
           
             Bowle●
             Alley
             .
          
           
             Buts
             .
          
           
             Hearbes
             .
          
           
             Conduit
             .
          
           
             Riuer
             .
          
           
             Moats
             .
          
           
             Bees
             .
          
           
             Vine
             .
          
           
             Birds
             .
          
           
             N●●hting●le
             .
          
           
             Robin-red-brest
             .
          
           
             Wren
             .
          
           
             Black-bird
             .
             Thrush
             .
          
           
             Your
             owne
             labour
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A05195-e9940
           
             Dry.
             
          
           
             Hops
             .
          
           
             Plaine
             .
          
           
             Bee-house
             .
          
           
             Hiues
             .
          
           
             Hiuing
             of
             Bees
             .
          
           
             Spelkes
             .
          
           
             Catching
             .
          
           
             Clustering
             .
          
           
             Droanes
             .
          
           
             Annoyances
             .
          
           
             Taking
             of
             Bees
             .
          
           
             Straining
             Honey
             .
          
           
             Vessels
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A05195-e15060
           
             Cherries
             .
          
           
             Gathering
             of
             Cheries
             .
          
           
             To
             carry
             Che●rie●
             .
          
           
             Other
             stone-fruit
             .
          
           
             G●thering
             of
             Peares
             .
          
           
             Gathering
             of
             Apples
             .
          
           
             To
             vse
             the
             fallings
             
          
           
             Carriage
             of
             fruit
             .
          
           
             Of
             Wardens
             .
          
           
             Of
             Medlers
             .
          
           
             Of
             ●uince●
             .
          
           
             To
             packe
             Apples
             .
          
           
             Emptying
             and
             laying
             Apples
             .
          
           
             Difference
             in
             Fruit.
             
          
           
             Transporting
             fruit
             by
             water
             .
          
           
             When
             not
             to
             transport
             fruit
             .
          
           
             To
             conuay
             small
             store
             of
             fruit
             .
          
           
             Roomes
             for
             fruite
             .
          
           
             Sorting
             of
             Fruit.
             
          
           
             Times
             of
             stirring
             fruit
             .