A treatise of fruit trees shewing the manner of planting, grafting, pruning, and ordering of them in all respects according to rules of experience gathered in the space of thirty seven years : whereunto is annexed observations upon Sr. Fran. Bacons Natural history, as it concerns fruit-trees, fruits and flowers : also, directions for planting of wood for building, fuel, and other uses, whereby the value of lands may be much improved in a short time with small cost and little labour / by Ra. Austen.
         Austen, Ralph, d. 1676.
      
       
         
           1665
        
      
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             A treatise of fruit trees shewing the manner of planting, grafting, pruning, and ordering of them in all respects according to rules of experience gathered in the space of thirty seven years : whereunto is annexed observations upon Sr. Fran. Bacons Natural history, as it concerns fruit-trees, fruits and flowers : also, directions for planting of wood for building, fuel, and other uses, whereby the value of lands may be much improved in a short time with small cost and little labour / by Ra. Austen.
             Austen, Ralph, d. 1676.
          
           
             The third impression, revised with additions.
          
           [46], 260, [10], 82 p.
           
             Printed by William Hall for Amos Curteyne,
             Oxford :
             1665.
          
           
             "Observations upon some part of Sr. Francis Bacons Natural history" has special t.p. and separate pagination.
             Imperfect: numerous errors in paging, and print showthrough with some loss of print.
             Reproduction of original in the Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626. -- Sylva sylvarum.
           Fruit-culture -- England -- Early works to 1800.
           Arboriculture -- England -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           A
           TREATISE
           OF
           FRUIT-TREES
           ,
           SHEWING
           The
           manner
           of
           
             Planting
             ,
             Grafting
             ,
             Pruning
          
           and
           ordering
           of
           them
           in
           all
           respects
           ,
           according
           to
           Rules
           of
           Experience
           .
        
         
           Gathered
           in
           the
           space
           of
           Thirty
           seven
           Years
           .
        
         
           Whereunto
           is
           Annexed
           ,
           Observations
           upon
           Sr.
           
             Fran.
             Bacons
          
           Natural
           History
           ,
           as
           it
           concerns
           Fruit-trees
           ,
           Fruits
           ,
           and
           Flowers
           .
        
         
           ALSO
           ,
           Directions
           for
           Planting
           of
           Wood
           for
           Building
           ,
           Fuel
           ,
           and
           other
           uses
           ;
           whereby
           the
           Value
           of
           Lands
           may
           be
           much
           Improved
           in
           a
           short
           time
           ,
           with
           small
           Cost
           and
           little
           Labour
           .
        
         
           The
           
             Third
             Impression
          
           ,
           Revised
           ,
           with
           Additions
           ,
           By
           
             R
             A.
             AVSTEN
          
           ,
           Practiser
           in
           the
           Art
           of
           Planting
           .
        
         
           
             Deut.
             20.10
          
           .
           Thou
           shalt
           not
           destroy
           the
           Trees
           ,
           being
           Trees
           for
           meat
           ;
           for
           the
           Tree
           of
           the
           Field
           is
           mans
           life
           .
        
         
           
             Amos
             4.4
          
           .
           They
           shall
           Plant
           Gardens
           ,
           and
           eat
           the
           fruits
           of
           them
           .
        
         
           OXFORD
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             William
             Hall
          
           ,
           for
           
             Amos
             Curteyne
          
           ,
           1665.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           IMPRIMATUR
           ISTE
           LIBER
        
         
           
             
               ROBER
               .
               SAY
            
             ,
             VICE-CANCEL
             .
             OXON
             .
          
           
             
               
                 Iune
                 the
              
               9th
               1665.
               
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           TO
           THE
           HONOURABLE
           
             ROBERT
             BOYLE
          
           
             Esq
          
           The
           Worthy
           PATRON
           and
           EXAMPLE
           Of
           all
           VERTUE
           .
        
         
           
             
               
                 Honoured
                 Sir
                 ,
              
            
             
               AMong
               other
               of
               your
               many
               Learned
               and
               Profitable
               Labours
               ,
               (
               which
               have
               much
               Inlightned
               the
               World
               )
               You
               have
               been
               pleased
               (
               together
               with
               the
               Honourable
               
               and
               
                 Royal
                 Society
              
               ,
               whereof
               You
               are
               a
               Worthy
               Member
               )
               to
               take
               into
               Consideration
               the
               Work
               of
               Planting
               and
               Preserving
               all
               sorts
               of
               Trees
               ;
               not
               onely
               of
               Forrest-trees
               for
               
                 Building
                 ,
                 Fuel
              
               ,
               and
               other
               uses
               ,
               but
               also
               of
               Fruit-trees
               ,
               especially
               in
               Relation
               to
               (
               the
               most
               wholsome
               Drink
               )
               Cider
               ;
               which
               hath
               (
               together
               with
               many
               other
               of
               Your
               undeserved
               Favours
               towards
               me
               )
               imboldned
               me
               to
               make
               this
               humble
               Address
               unto
               You
               ,
               intreating
               Your
               Favour
               and
               further
               Help
               in
               this
               good
               and
               profitable
               Work.
               And
               conceiving
               that
               I
               have
               so
               much
               Interest
               in
               Your
               Honours
               Favour
               ,
               as
               to
               have
               liberty
               to
               make
               such
               Proposals
               unto
               You
               ,
               as
               concern
               the
               Profit
               of
               the
               Publique
               (
               not
               
               doubting
               of
               Your
               good
               acceptance
               of
               them
               )
               I
               do
               humbly
               submit
               these
               following
               particulars
               to
               Consideration
               ,
               which
               I
               judge
               to
               be
               material
               ,
               if
               not
               necessary
               ,
               as
               to
               many
               persons
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               First
               ,
               That
               there
               be
               a
               Law
               made
               to
               enjoyne
               the
               Work
               ,
               as
               we
               have
               in
               other
               Cases
               of
               far
               less
               concernment
               then
               this
               ;
               and
               according
               to
               the
               Example
               of
               other
               Nations
               in
               the
               same
               thing
               :
               For
               although
               many
               that
               are
               Ingenious
               Persons
               ,
               will
               not
               need
               such
               an
               Excitement
               ,
               yet
               the
               Common
               vulgar
               People
               (
               which
               are
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               Nation
               )
               will
               do
               but
               little
               without
               it
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Secondly
               ,
               That
               there
               be
               
                 Overseers
                 or
                 Officers
              
               appointed
               to
               look
               after
               the
               Work
               ,
               from
               year
               to
               year
               ,
               (
               without
               which
               ,
               some
               Laws
               
               will
               have
               but
               a
               feeble
               Execution
               )
               and
               these
               Overseers
               to
               have
               due
               Encouragement
               one
               way
               or
               other
               :
               This
               is
               no
               more
               then
               what
               is
               done
               in
               other
               Cases
               of
               far
               smaller
               advantage
               then
               this
               would
               be
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Thirdly
               ,
               That
               there
               be
               
                 Books
                 Printed
                 and
                 Published
              
               for
               instruction
               in
               this
               business
               ,
               which
               may
               have
               these
               Characters
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               First
               ,
               That
               they
               be
               of
               small
               Bulk
               and
               Price
               ;
               Because
               
                 great
                 Volumns
              
               (
               as
               many
               are
               upon
               this
               Subject
               )
               are
               of
               too
               great
               a
               Price
               for
               mean
               Husbandmen
               to
               buy
               ;
               as
               also
               take
               up
               more
               time
               to
               peruse
               then
               they
               can
               spare
               from
               other
               Labours
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Secondly
               ,
               That
               the
               
                 Stile
                 and
                 Expressions
                 be
                 plaine
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 suited
                 to
                 the
                 Vulgar
              
               (
               even
               to
               the
               Capacities
               of
               the
               meanest
               ,
               for
               these
               (
               Generally
               )
               must
               be
               the
               Workmen
               and
               Labourers
               thereabout
               .
               Now
               ,
               we
               know
               that
               many
               Pieces
               upon
               this
               Subject
               ,
               are
               in
               
                 Latine
                 ,
                 French
              
               ,
               and
               other
               Tongues
               ;
               yea
               ,
               and
               some
               that
               are
               in
               English
               ;
               being
               the
               Works
               of
               some
               Learned
               and
               Eminent
               Persons
               ,
               (
               whose
               Faculties
               are
               raised
               by
               Study
               and
               Education
               ,
               far
               above
               the
               reach
               of
               common
               Capacities
               )
               their
               Expressions
               are
               answerable
               ,
               and
               therefore
               not
               so
               profitable
               to
               the
               Vulgar
               ,
               though
               Excellent
               in
               themselves
               ,
               and
               very
               useful
               unto
               those
               that
               understand
               them
               :
               But
               when
               Men
               are
               spoken
               to
               ,
               and
               taught
               in
               any
               Art
               in
               their
               own
               Language
               ,
               (
               in
               their
               common
               
               familiar
               stile
               )
               things
               are
               more
               easily
               received
               ,
               and
               take
               the
               deeper
               Impression
               in
               their
               minds
               ,
               and
               are
               better
               remembred
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Thirdly
               ,
               That
               
                 these
                 Books
                 for
                 Instruction
                 ,
                 be
                 Experimental
              
               ;
               according
               to
               what
               is
               tried
               and
               practised
               from
               year
               to
               year
               .
            
             
               Many
               that
               have
               Written
               upon
               this
               Subject
               (
               especially
               some
               
                 Antient
                 Authours
              
               )
               have
               been
               meerly
               
                 Contemplative
                 men
              
               ;
               and
               have
               presented
               us
               with
               little
               else
               but
               their
               Notions
               and
               Apprehensions
               :
               And
               though
               some
               things
               may
               be
               rational
               and
               useful
               ,
               yet
               many
               are
               not
               so
               ,
               which
               when
               they
               come
               to
               be
               tryed
               by
               the
               
                 Touchstone
                 of
                 Experience
              
               ,
               fall
               off
               and
               deceive
               men
               ,
               to
               their
               loss
               of
               
                 Time
                 ,
                 
                 Cost
              
               ,
               and
               Labour
               ,
               with
               discouragement
               ;
               and
               discover
               themselves
               (
               as
               Sir
               
                 Francis
                 Bacon
              
               observes
               in
               his
               
                 Advancement
                 of
                 Learning
              
               )
               to
               be
               but
               meer
               
                 Putative
                 things
              
               :
               And
               hereunto
               he
               adds
               ,
               
                 That
                 it
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 wished
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 that
                 which
                 would
                 make
                 Learning
                 indeed
                 solid
                 and
                 fruitfull
                 )
                 that
                 Active
                 or
                 Experimental
                 men
                 ,
                 would
                 ,
                 or
                 could
                 ,
                 become
                 Writers
                 :
              
               And
               the
               oftner
               Experience
               in
               things
               is
               renewed
               and
               repeated
               ,
               from
               year
               to
               year
               ,
               the
               more
               it
               is
               Confirmed
               ,
               and
               so
               fittest
               to
               be
               Communicated
               and
               Practised
               .
            
             
               Now
               ,
               how
               that
               which
               is
               here
               done
               (
               in
               the
               ensuing
               work
               )
               answers
               to
               these
               things
               ,
               I
               leave
               to
               others
               to
               
               Iudge
               ,
               not
               doubting
               but
               that
               You
               [
               Honoured
               Sir
               ]
               will
               continue
               your
               Endeavours
               for
               the
               carrying
               on
               this
               good
               and
               profitable
               
                 Work
                 of
                 Planting
              
               .
               A
               Work
               wherein
               not
               onely
               the
               most
               Learned
               Philosopher
               ,
               and
               
                 Exquisite
                 Indagatour
              
               into
               the
               Mysteries
               of
               Nature
               ,
               may
               exercise
               his
               Judgment
               ,
               and
               please
               his
               Mind
               ;
               but
               also
               a
               work
               Pregnant
               with
               Profits
               ,
               Real
               and
               Substantial
               to
               all
               people
               all
               their
               life
               long
               ,
               from
               the
               Cradle
               to
               the
               Grave
               :
               A
               Work
               that
               (
               instead
               of
               empty
               and
               
                 fruitless
                 speculations
              
               )
               will
               fill
               the
               Belly
               and
               cloath
               the
               Back
               .
               A
               Work
               that
               will
               enrich
               the
               Poor
               ,
               and
               adorn
               the
               Rich
               :
               A
               Work
               that
               will
               Encrease
               the
               
                 Kings
                 Revenues
              
               ,
               and
               the
               Substance
               
               of
               all
               his
               Subjects
               :
               A
               Work
               Praised
               and
               Practised
               by
               the
               Greatest
               and
               most
               
                 Eminent
                 Persons
              
               in
               all
               Ages
               .
               In
               a
               word
               ,
               It
               is
               a
               
                 Royal
                 Work
              
               ,
               and
               worthy
               the
               most
               
                 serious
                 Considerations
              
               and
               Endeavours
               of
               the
               
                 Royal
                 Society
              
               ;
               whereby
               those
               Worthies
               may
               raise
               to
               themselves
               
                 perpetual
                 Honour
              
               ,
               as
               being
               Instrumental
               to
               promote
               and
               carry
               on
               the
               same
               ,
               to
               a
               greater
               and
               more
               
                 general
                 profit
              
               .
            
             
               Wherefore
               
                 [
                 Worthy
                 Sir
              
               ]
               You
               being
               a
               
                 principal
                 Wheel
              
               in
               this
               great
               and
               famous
               Engin
               ,
               [
               framed
               on
               purpose
               for
               
                 great
                 and
                 profitable
                 Works
              
               ]
               are
               able
               to
               move
               it
               strongly
               and
               effectually
               to
               that
               end
               ;
               which
               that
               you
               would
               be
               pleased
               to
               
               do
               ,
               is
               earnestly
               desired
               ;
               whereby
               you
               may
               engage
               ,
               not
               onely
               the
               
                 present
                 Age
              
               ,
               but
               also
               many
               Generations
               to
               come
               ;
               to
               be
               acknowledged
               by
               many
               ,
               but
               especially
            
             
               
                 
                   SIR
                   ,
                   By
                   Your
                   already
                   greatly
                   obliged
                   Servant
                   ,
                
                 RA
                 :
                 AVSTEN
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           TO
           THE
           READER
           ▪
        
         
           THe
           
             Art
             of
             Planting
             fruit-trees
          
           is
           (
           among
           Antient
           Authors
           )
           called
           Husbandry
           ,
           being
           it
           is
           one
           part
           of
           the
           Husbandmans
           work
           ,
           though
           in
           many
           parts
           of
           this
           Nation
           Husbandmen
           have
           little
           skill
           in
           it
           ,
           their
           labour
           being
           chiefly
           Tillage
           of
           the
           ground
           for
           Corn.
           But
           this
           is
           a
           part
           of
           the
           Husbandmans
           work
           as
           well
           as
           that
           ;
           yea
           ,
           and
           the
           chiefest
           and
           worthyest
           part
           .
           
             Adam
             in
             time
             of
             his
             Innocency
          
           was
           imployed
           in
           this
           part
           of
           Husbandry
           about
           Fruit-trees
           ,
           as
           is
           shewed
           pag.
           22.
           
        
         
           But
           when
           he
           had
           sinned
           ,
           he
           was
           put
           away
           from
           this
           work
           to
           Till
           the
           ground
           ,
           a
           lower
           and
           inferior
           labour
           .
           Gen.
           3.23
           .
           
             The
             
             Lord
             God
             sent
             him
             from
             the
             Garden
             of
          
           Eden
           
             to
             Till
             the
             ground
          
           .
        
         
           We
           see
           likewise
           the
           Scripture
           calls
           it
           
             Husbandry
             :
             Noah
          
           is
           called
           an
           Husbandman
           when
           he
           Planted
           a
           Vineyard
           ,
           Gen.
           9.20
           .
           God
           (
           blessed
           for
           ever
           )
           is
           called
           an
           Husbandman
           ,
           for
           that
           he
           Pruneth
           ,
           Purgeth
           ,
           and
           ordereth
           his
           
             Mystical
             Vine-tree
             the
             Church
          
           ,
           Joh.
           15.1
           .
           So
           that
           I
           shall
           keep
           the
           phrase
           throughout
           the
           Work.
           
        
         
           I
           have
           seen
           (
           I
           suppose
           )
           the
           best
           Works
           ,
           both
           of
           antient
           and
           late
           Writers
           upon
           this
           Subject
           ,
           and
           have
           learned
           from
           them
           what
           I
           could
           ,
           for
           the
           accomplishing
           of
           this
           Art
           ,
           and
           have
           observed
           the
           practise
           and
           experiments
           of
           many
           from
           time
           to
           time
           ,
           concerning
           it
           ,
           and
           have
           improved
           them
           to
           my
           own
           advantage
           .
        
         
           And
           likewise
           I
           have
           set
           my self
           to
           the
           Practise
           of
           this
           work
           about
           Thirty
           and
           seven
           years
           ,
           endeavouring
           to
           find
           out
           things
           of
           use
           and
           profit
           ,
           by
           Practice
           and
           Experience
           ,
           that
           I
           might
           speak
           upon
           better
           and
           surer
           grounds
           ,
           than
           some
           others
           who
           have
           written
           upon
           this
           Subject
           ;
           for
           Experience
           guides
           ,
           and
           informs
           Reason
           in
           many
           things
           in
           which
           (
           without
           Experience
           )
           it
           would
           often
           erre
           .
           Some
           who
           have
           taught
           this
           
             Art
             of
             Planting
             Fruit-trees
          
           ,
           have
           been
           in
           it
           only
           
             Contemplative
             men
          
           ,
           having
           little
           or
           no
           
           Experience
           in
           it
           ;
           so
           that
           in
           many
           things
           they
           have
           erred
           ,
           and
           that
           grosly
           ,
           as
           shall
           appear
           in
           due
           place
           ;
           See
           pag.
           165
           ,
           166
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           A
           Learned
           Author
           sayes
           ,
           
             The
             writings
             of
             speculative
             men
             upon
             active
             matter
             ,
             (
             for
             the
             most
             part
             )
             seems
             to
             men
             of
             Experience
             to
             be
             but
             as
             dreams
             and
             dotage
             :
          
        
         
           Study
           and
           Practise
           (
           by
           degrees
           )
           frame
           new
           Arts
           ,
           and
           add
           to
           the
           old
           :
           
             Per
             varies
             usus
             Meditando
             extunderet
             Artes
             :
             paulatim
             .
          
           Experience
           is
           called
           
             the
             Perfecter
             of
             Arts
             ,
             and
             the
             most
             sure
             and
             best
             teacher
             in
             any
             Art
             :
             Contemplation
          
           and
           Action
           are
           the
           two
           legs
           whereon
           Arts
           run
           steedily
           and
           strongly
           ,
           and
           the
           one
           without
           the
           other
           can
           but
           hop
           ,
           or
           go
           ●amely
           :
           They
           are
           the
           two
           Eyes
           wherewith
           men
           see
           Natures
           secrets
           clearly
           ,
           but
           the
           one
           alone
           discerns
           but
           dimly
           .
           And
           hence
           it
           follows
           ,
           that
           some
           who
           were
           only
           Contemplators
           of
           nature
           without
           experience
           ,
           and
           would
           needs
           adventure
           to
           write
           ,
           and
           give
           instructions
           touching
           the
           
             Practique
             part
          
           of
           
             Planting
             Fruit-trees
          
           ,
           have
           in
           many
           things
           (
           as
           the
           aforesaid
           Author
           sayes
           )
           presented
           us
           with
           
           smoak
           ,
           instead
           of
           the
           
             lucide
             flames
             of
             light
          
           :
           They
           have
           indeed
           shewed
           us
           a
           comly
           and
           beautiful
           body
           ,
           Painted
           according
           to
           Art
           ,
           but
           yet
           lifeless
           and
           without
           a
           spirit
           ,
           and
           have
           offered
           us
           shells
           and
           husks
           instead
           of
           kernels
           .
        
         
           But
           now
           ,
           speculation
           and
           action
           ,
           are
           as
           Soul
           and
           Body
           united
           ,
           which
           labouring
           together
           ,
           work
           out
           both
           Profit
           and
           Pleasure
           ,
           many
           advantages
           to
           our selves
           and
           others
           .
           Experience
           (
           as
           a
           Philosopher
           says
           )
           is
           the
           
             Root
             of
             Art
          
           ,
           and
           it
           may
           well
           be
           so
           called
           ,
           from
           which
           springs
           a
           numerous
           multitude
           of
           new
           Experiments
           :
           for
           from
           one
           Root
           ,
           or
           single
           Experiment
           ,
           (
           though
           perhaps
           a
           poor
           and
           mean
           one
           in
           it self
           )
           if
           throughly
           weighed
           with
           reason
           and
           judgment
           ,
           may
           arise
           many
           rich
           and
           rare
           inventions
           :
           And
           it
           s
           most
           true
           ,
           which
           the
           Lord
           Bacon
           sayes
           to
           this
           purpose
           :
           
             As
             through
             a
             small
             hole
             or
             cranny
             ,
             a
             man
             may
             see
             great
             Objects
             ;
             so
             through
             small
             and
             contemptible
             instances
             ,
             men
             may
             see
             great
             Axioms
             ,
             singular
             secrets
             of
             nature
             .
          
           Men
           will
           labour
           hard
           ,
           and
           a
           long
           time
           in
           some
           labours
           full
           of
           hazard
           and
           danger
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           unjust
           too
           ,
           and
           all
           for
           a
           
             little
             profit
          
           ;
           but
           here
           ,
           in
           this
           employment
           ,
           men
           may
           with
           a
           
             little
             labour
          
           ,
           in
           a
           
             short
             time
          
           ,
           without
           hazard
           or
           danger
           ,
           and
           that
           justly
           ,
           obtain
           great
           and
           
           many
           profits
           ,
           and
           those
           with
           pleasures
           superadded
           .
        
         
           Works
           ,
           and
           labours
           ,
           which
           have
           in
           them
           but
           a
           vain
           and
           unprofitable
           pleasure
           ,
           are
           approved
           but
           onely
           of
           some
           sensual
           persons
           ;
           and
           such
           labours
           as
           have
           but
           onely
           Profit
           ,
           and
           do
           not
           ease
           the
           Pains
           with
           some
           pleasantness
           in
           them
           ,
           are
           yet
           harsh
           ,
           and
           disliked
           of
           many
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           yield
           both
           Profit
           and
           Pleasure
           ,
           are
           universally
           liked
           ,
           and
           allowed
           of
           all
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Poet
           ,
           
             Omne
             tulit
             punctum
             ,
             qui
             miscuit
             utile
             dulci.
             
          
        
         
           Either
           of
           these
           is
           the
           better
           ,
           because
           of
           the
           other
           joyned
           with
           it
           ,
           when
           they
           run
           along
           hand
           in
           hand
           ;
           the
           Profit
           is
           the
           more
           ,
           because
           of
           the
           Pleasure
           ;
           and
           the
           Pleasure
           is
           more
           ▪
           because
           of
           the
           Profit
           .
        
         
           Now
           therefore
           ,
           That
           men
           may
           obtain
           yearly
           ,
           a
           plentiful
           Harvest
           of
           Profits
           and
           Pleasures
           ,
           I
           have
           endeavoured
           to
           remove
           whatsoever
           might
           hinder
           ;
           and
           have
           laid
           down
           some
           Arguments
           of
           Encouragement
           to
           set
           upon
           ,
           and
           prosecute
           the
           means
           to
           obtain
           them
           ;
           discovering
           the
           best
           way
           I
           can
           find
           out
           ,
           how
           they
           may
           be
           gotten
           with
           most
           speed
           ,
           and
           kept
           with
           most
           security
           .
        
         
           If
           any
           man
           think
           the
           Divine
           and
           
             Humane
             
             Arguments
          
           (
           preceeding
           the
           work
           )
           to
           be
           needless
           ,
           because
           generally
           men
           know
           ,
           that
           Planting
           Fruit-trees
           is
           a
           very
           profitable
           work
           ,
           none
           doubt
           it
           .
        
         
           I
           Answer
           ;
           Some
           know
           it
           by
           Experience
           ,
           many
           others
           do
           not
           .
        
         
           And
           although
           men
           are
           convinced
           of
           the
           profitableness
           of
           the
           work
           ,
           yet
           there
           is
           need
           of
           some
           quickning
           Motives
           to
           it
           ,
           as
           to
           some
           persons
           ;
           And
           I
           know
           none
           more
           prevalent
           than
           those
           taken
           from
           Profits
           and
           Pleasures
           ,
           considered
           in
           so
           great
           and
           so
           many
           respects
           .
        
         
           Accept
           of
           what
           is
           made
           ready
           at
           present
           ,
           which
           as
           it
           may
           be
           profitable
           to
           some
           in
           respect
           of
           Encouragements
           and
           Directions
           in
           the
           practise
           of
           the
           Work
           ,
           so
           also
           I
           desire
           it
           may
           be
           a
           means
           to
           stir
           up
           others
           to
           do
           something
           in
           the
           like
           kind
           for
           
             Publique
             profit
          
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           many
           good
           Wits
           exercised
           about
           Toys
           and
           Trifles
           :
           some
           men
           bestow
           excessive
           
             Time
             ,
             Cost
          
           ,
           and
           Labour
           ,
           about
           meer
           shadows
           ,
           empty
           speculations
           ;
           and
           well
           deserve
           
             Martials
             Motto
          
           .
        
         
           
             Turpe
             est
             difficiles
             habere
             nugas
             .
          
           
             Et
             stultus
             labor
             est
             ineptiarum
             .
          
        
         
           While
           they
           might
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           by
           
           the
           Study
           and
           Practise
           of
           this
           Art
           ,
           (
           in
           searching
           out
           many
           hidden
           
             secrets
             of
             nature
             and
             experiments
          
           )
           much
           advantage
           themselves
           ,
           and
           many
           others
           ,
           both
           in
           respect
           of
           Temporals
           and
           Spirituals
           .
           An
           Antient
           Authour
           sayes
           ,
           
             Not
             he
             that
             knoweth
             many
             things
             ,
             but
             he
             that
             knoweth
             things
             Fruitful
             is
             Wise.
             
          
        
         
           This
           Art
           is
           a
           full
           Store
           house
           ,
           out
           of
           which
           may
           be
           brought
           both
           Meat
           ,
           Drink
           ,
           and
           Money
           :
           It
           is
           a
           Rich
           Mine
           ,
           without
           bounds
           or
           bottome
           ,
           out
           of
           which
           we
           may
           dig
           profits
           and
           pleasures
           ,
           great
           and
           many
           ,
           and
           worthy
           the
           study
           and
           labour
           of
           the
           most
           Wise
           and
           Learned
           ,
           and
           may
           be
           called
           the
           Philosophers-stone
           ,
           (
           virtually
           and
           effectually
           (
           though
           not
           properly
           )
           for
           it
           turns
           ,
           by
           the
           help
           of
           nature
           (
           though
           not
           Metals
           ,
           yet
           )
           Trees
           and
           Fruits
           ,
           yea
           ,
           Earth
           and
           Water
           ,
           into
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           in
           a
           short
           time
           .
        
         
           The
           good
           of
           this
           Imployment
           ,
           both
           in
           the
           Theorique
           and
           
             Practique
             part
          
           ,
           spreads
           it self
           
             over
             all
             places
             in
             the
             world
             ,
             to
             all
             persons
             in
             the
             world
             ,
             from
             the
             Cradle
             to
             the
             Grave
             ,
             from
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             world
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             of
             it
          
           ;
           so
           that
           no
           work
           can
           be
           more
           universally
           good
           than
           this
           .
        
         
           Now
           therefore
           ,
           seeing
           there
           is
           so
           much
           profit
           and
           advantage
           to
           be
           received
           from
           
           this
           imployment
           of
           
             Planting
             Fruit-trees
          
           ,
           both
           in
           Temporal
           and
           Spiritual
           respects
           ,
           Let
           us
           set
           about
           it
           ,
           and
           labour
           in
           it
           ,
           either
           with
           body
           or
           mind
           ,
           or
           both
           ,
           That
           thereby
           the
           
             Glory
             of
             God
          
           ,
           and
           
             publique
             profit
          
           (
           together
           with
           our
           own
           advantages
           )
           may
           be
           promoted
           .
        
         
           The
           blessing
           of
           God
           go
           along
           with
           us
           ,
           and
           give
           the
           increase
           in
           all
           our
           labours
           ,
           and
           prosper
           the
           works
           of
           our
           hands
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           my
           advice
           to
           men
           ,
           and
           Prayer
           to
           God.
           Who
           am
        
         
           
             Thine
             in
             the
             best
             Services
             RA
             :
             AVSTEN
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           ANALYSIS
           .
        
         
           PRofits
           of
           Planting
           Fruit-trees
           in
           Corne
           and
           Pasture
           grounds
           ,
           the
           best
           way
           of
           Improvement
           of
           Lands
           .
           p.
           1.
           
        
         
           
             Objections
             concerning
             Planting
             Answered
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Coldnesse
             of
             the
             Country
             .
             p.
             6.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             Robbing
             of
             Fruit-trees
             .
             p.
             7.
             
          
           
             3.
             
             Long
             expectation
             of
             Fruits
             .
             p.
             9.
             
          
        
         
           
             The
             praises
             of
             Fruit-trees
             and
             Art
             of
             Planting
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             From
             Ancient
             Authors
             .
             p.
             11
             ▪
             12
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             From
             Moderne
             Authors
             .
             p.
             11
             ▪
             12
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Eight
             Divine
             Arguments
             of
             the
             dignity
             &
             value
             of
             Fruit-trees
             and
             Art
             of
             Planting
             .
             pag.
             21.
             
          
           
             1.
             
             Argument
             ;
             Adams
             Imploymen
             in
             Innocency
             .
             pag.
             22.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             Argument
             ;
             Fruits
             were
             the
             first
             Food
             given
             to
             Man.
             p.
             23.
             
          
           
             3.
             
             Argument
             ;
             from
             Examples
             pag.
             23
             ,
             24
             ,
             &c.
             
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 God
                 blessed
                 for
                 ever
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Noah
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Abraham
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 King
                 Uzziah
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 King
                 Solomon
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Susanna
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 The
                 Jewes
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Our
                 Saviour
                 Christ.
                 
              
            
          
           
             4.
             
             Argument
             ;
             from
             similitudes
             pag.
             26.
             27
             ,
             &c.
             
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Esay●
                 1
                 ,
                 2.
                 
                 My
                 beloved
                 had
                 a
                 Vineyard
                 in
                 a
                 fruitfull
                 hill
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Psal.
                 1.2
                 .
                 Like
                 a
                 Tree
                 planted
                 by
                 the
                 Rivers
                 of
                 Waters
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Ioh.
                 15.1
                 .
                 I
                 am
                 the
                 true
                 Vine
                 ,
                 and
                 my
                 Father
                 is
                 the
                 Husbandman
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Rom.
                 11.17
                 .
                 If
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 
                   branches
                   were
                
                 broken
                 off
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Cant.
                 4.12
                 ,
                 13.
                 
                 A
                 garden
                 inclosed
                 ,
                 is
                 my
                 Sister
                 ,
                 my
                 Spouse
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Rev.
                 22.2
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 the
                 
                   tree
                   of
                   Life
                
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             5.
             
             Divine
             Argument
             ;
             from
             Gods
             withholding
             them
             in
             displeasure
             .
             p.
             29.
             
             
               
                 Instances
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Exod.
                 9.25
                 .
                 Haile
                 brake
                 every
                 Tree
                 of
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Amos
                 4.9
                 .
                 I
                 have
                 smitten
                 your
                 fruit
                 trees
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Ioel
                 1.12
                 .
                 The
                 Vine
                 is
                 dried
                 up
                 ,
                 the
                 Fig-tree
                 languisheth
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Deut.
                 28.39
                 .
                 Thou
                 shalt
                 Plant
                 ,
                 but
                 shalt
                 neither
                 drink
                 of
                 the
                 Wine
                 nor
                 gather
                 the
                 Grapes
                 .
              
            
          
           
             6.
             
             Divine
             Argument
             ;
             from
             Gods
             promising
             ,
             and
             giving
             them
             in
             Mercy
             .
             p.
             31.
             
             
               
                 Instances
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Ier.
                 29.5
                 .
                 Plant
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 and
                 eat
                 the
                 fruits
                 of
                 them
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Amos
                 9.4
                 .
                 They
                 shall
                 Plant
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 and
                 eat
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Neh.
                 9.25
                 .
                 They
                 took
                 strong
                 Cities
                 ,
                 Vineyards
                 ,
                 and
                 Olive-yards
                 ,
                 and
                 Fruit-trees
                 in
                 abundance
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Ezek.
                 34.27
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Tree
                 of
                 the
                 Field
                 shall
                 yield
                 her
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
            
          
           
             
             7.
             
             Divine
             Argument
             from
             two
             Commands
             .
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Tit.
                 3.4
                 .
                 Let
                 ours
                 also
                 learn
                 to
                 maintain
                 good
                 Works
                 for
                 necessary
                 uses
                 .
                 p.
                 33.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Phil.
                 4.8
                 .
                 Whatsoever
                 things
                 are
                 true
                 ,
                 whatsoever
                 things
                 are
                 lovely
                 ,
                 of
                 good
                 Report
                 ,
                 &c.
                 pag.
                 33.
                 
              
            
          
           
             8.
             
             Divine
             Argument
             from
             
               
                 Gods
                 special
                 Charge
                 to
                 preserve
                 fruit
                 trees
                 above
                 all
                 other
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 Deut.
                 20.19
                 .
                 Thou
                 shalt
                 not
                 destroy
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 being
                 Trees
                 for
                 Meat
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Tree
                 of
                 the
                 Field
                 is
                 mans
                 life
                 .
                 p.
                 35.
                 
              
            
          
           
             4.
             
             Humane
             Arguments
             of
             the
             dignity
             of
             Fruit
             trees
             and
             Planting
             from
             the
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Presidents
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Persons
                 .
                 pag.
                 36.
                 
                 
                   
                     Cyrus
                     King
                     of
                     
                       Persia
                       Philometrus
                       ,
                       Heronius
                       ,
                       Archelaus
                       ,
                       Attalus
                       ,
                    
                     Kings
                     of
                     Asia
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Evax
                       ,
                       Avicen
                    
                     ,
                     Kings
                     of
                     Arabia
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Telaphanus
                       Antonius
                    
                     Pius
                     .
                     
                       Elizeus
                       .
                       Numa
                       .
                       Sp●rtanus
                       .
                       Alcinous
                       .
                       Mithridates
                    
                     the
                     great
                     ,
                     Alexander
                     the
                     Great
                     .
                     Solomon
                     King
                     of
                     Israel
                     .
                     And
                     many
                     others
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Praises
                 of
                 all
                 people
                 .
                 p.
                 39.
                 
                 
                   
                     See
                     Instances
                     of
                     many
                     ,
                     pag.
                     6
                     ,
                     7
                     ,
                     8
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Third
             Humane
             Argument
             from
             Profits
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             To
             the
             Estate
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 In
                 respect
                 of
                 House-keeping
                 
                   
                     1.
                     
                     In
                     Meats
                     .
                     pag.
                     40.
                     
                  
                   
                     2.
                     
                     In
                     drinks
                     .
                     pag.
                     40.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 In
                 respect
                 of
                 Sale.
                 
                 
                   
                     1.
                     
                     Fruits
                     in
                     their
                     kinds
                     p.
                     40.
                     
                  
                   
                     2.
                     
                     Wins
                     made
                     of
                     them
                     .
                     p.
                     40.
                     
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             2.
             
             To
             the
             body
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 In
                 respect
                 of
                 health
                 ,
                 pag.
                 40.
                 
                 
                   
                     1.
                     
                     By
                     Moderate
                     Exercises
                     .
                     p.
                     41.
                     
                  
                   
                     2.
                     
                     Fresh
                     Aires
                     .
                     p.
                     41.
                     
                  
                   
                     3.
                     
                     Pleasant
                     odors
                     .
                     p.
                     42.
                     
                  
                   
                     4.
                     
                     Wholesome
                     Meats
                     .
                     p.
                     44.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 In
                 respect
                 of
                 long
                 life
                 ,
                 pag.
                 44.
                 
                 
                   
                     1.
                     
                     By
                     operation
                     upon
                     the
                     spirits
                     ,
                     through
                     the
                     Organs
                     of
                     the
                     body
                     .
                     
                       
                         Eare
                         pag
                         61
                         ,
                         62
                         ,
                         63
                         ,
                         &c.
                         
                      
                       
                         Touch
                         pag
                         61
                         ,
                         62
                         ,
                         63
                         ,
                         &c.
                         
                      
                       
                         Smell
                         pag
                         61
                         ,
                         62
                         ,
                         63
                         ,
                         &c.
                         
                      
                       
                         Sight
                         pag
                         61
                         ,
                         62
                         ,
                         63
                         ,
                         &c.
                         
                      
                       
                         Taste
                         pag
                         61
                         ,
                         62
                         ,
                         63
                         ,
                         &c.
                         
                      
                    
                  
                   
                     2.
                     
                     Through
                     the
                     affections
                     of
                     the
                     Mind
                     .
                     
                       
                         Hope
                         .
                         p.
                         44.
                         
                      
                       
                         Joy.
                         p.
                         48.
                         
                      
                       
                         Admiration
                         ▪
                         p.
                         49
                         ,
                         &c.
                         
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             3.
             
             To
             the
             Mind
             .
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 In
                 respect
                 of
                 knowledge
                 .
                 
                   
                     Natural
                     p.
                     50.
                     
                  
                   
                     Moral
                     p.
                     50.
                     
                  
                   
                     Spiritual
                     p.
                     50.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 In
                 respect
                 of
                 Meditations
                 ▪
                 pag.
                 57.
                 
              
            
          
           
             
             4.
             
             To
             the
             Name
             .
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 In
                 this
                 Life
                 ,
                 by
                 Gifts
                 and
                 Benefits
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 After
                 Death
                 ;
                 by
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 as
                 living
                 Monuments
                 .
                 pag.
                 56.
                 
              
            
          
           
             5.
             
             To
             others
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 To
                 the
                 Poor
                 Friends
                 or
                 Enemies
                 .
                 p.
                 60.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 To
                 the
                 Rich.
                 Friends
                 or
                 Enemies
                 .
                 p.
                 60.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
             The
             Fourth
             Humane
             Argument
             from
             Pleasures
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             To
             the
             Eare.
             
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 By
                 sweet
                 tunes
                 of
                 Singing
                 Birds
                 .
                 p.
                 60.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 By
                 gentle
                 Motion
                 of
                 boughs
                 and
                 leaves
                 .
                 p.
                 60.
                 
              
            
          
           
             2.
             
             To
             the
             Touch.
             
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 By
                 cool
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 boughs
                 and
                 leaves
                 .
                 pag.
                 61.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 By
                 cool
                 fresh
                 Airs
                 .
                 p.
                 61.
                 
              
            
          
           
             3.
             
             To
             the
             Eye
             .
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 By
                 decent
                 forms
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 Allies
                 ,
                 Walks
                 ,
                 Seats
                 and
                 Arbours
                 .
                 pag.
                 64.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 By
                 curious
                 colours
                 of
                 blossoms
                 ,
                 leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 fruits
                 .
                 p.
                 65.
                 
              
            
          
           
             4.
             
             To
             the
             Smell
             .
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 By
                 fresh
                 Earth
                 digged
                 up
                 .
                 pag.
                 66.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 From
                 blossoms
                 and
                 leaves
                 .
                 pag.
                 67.
                 
              
            
          
           
             5.
             
             To
             the
             Taste
             .
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 From
                 Ripe
                 and
                 Raw
                 Fruits
                 .
                 pag.
                 69.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 From
                 Dishes
                 and
                 Drinks
                 made
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 p.
                 70.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             A
             Cauton
             in
             the
             use
             of
             Earthly
             blessings
             .
          
           
             No
             Earthly
             thing
             to
             be
             enjoyed
             properly
             ,
             but
             used
             only
             .
             pag.
             74.
             
          
           
             Difference
             between
             using
             and
             enjoying
             of
             a
             thing
             .
             pag.
             75.
             
          
        
         
           
             The
             Nursery
             ;
             in
             it
             consider
             ,
          
           
             1.
             Sowing
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Seeds
                 of
                 Fruits
                 
                   
                     1.
                     
                     The
                     time
                     ▪
                     pag.
                     79.
                     
                  
                   
                     2.
                     
                     The
                     manner
                     .
                     p.
                     80.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Stones
                 of
                 Fruits
                 
                   
                     1.
                     
                     The
                     time
                     ▪
                     pag.
                     79.
                     
                  
                   
                     2.
                     
                     The
                     manner
                     .
                     p.
                     80.
                     
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             2.
             
             Weeding
             and
             Watering
             the
             young
             Plants
             .
             pag.
             81.
             
          
           
             3.
             
             Transplanting
             them
             in
             Autumne
             .
             pag.
             83.
             
          
           
             4.
             
             Inoculating
             or
             Ingrafting
             them
             ▪
             pag.
             45.
             
          
        
         
           
             In
             Grafting
             observe
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Time
             of
             Grafting
             .
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 General
                 time
                 ▪
                 the
                 Spring
                 .
                 p.
                 45.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 More
                 special
                 ,
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 different
                 kinds
                 .
                 p.
                 45.
                 
              
            
          
           
             2.
             
             Instruments
             for
             the
             Work.
             46
             ▪
          
           
             3.
             
             Manner
             of
             the
             Works
             3.
             ways
             .
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Of
                 small
                 Stocks
                 .
                 p.
                 46.47
                 ▪
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Of
                 great
                 Stocks
                 .
                 p.
                 46.47
                 ▪
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 A
                 midle
                 sort
                 of
                 Stocks
                 .
                 p.
                 46.47
                 ▪
              
            
          
           
             4.
             
             Choice
             of
             Grafts
             .
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 As
                 they
                 fit
                 several
                 stocks
                 .
                 p.
                 92.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 In
                 respect
                 of
                 good
                 bearing
                 kinds
                 .
                 p.
                 93.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             In
             Inoculating
             ,
             observe
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             time
             .
             pag.
             96.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             Buds
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 In
                 respect
                 of
                 growth
                 .
                 p.
                 51.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 In
                 respect
                 of
                 kinds
                 .
                 p.
                 97.
                 
              
            
          
           
             3.
             
             The
             Stocks
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 small
                 and
                 young
                 .
                 p.
                 97.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Those
                 full
                 of
                 sap
                 .
                 p.
                 98.
                 
              
            
          
           
             4.
             
             Unbinding
             the
             Buds
             ,
             some
             sooner
             ,
             some
             later
             ▪
             99.
             
          
        
         
           
             In
             Transplanting
             ,
             observe
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             time
             :
             Early
             removing
             best
             .
             pag.
             117.
             
          
           
             2.
             Pruning
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Roots
                 .
                 of
                 Plants
                 pag.
                 120.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Branches
                 of
                 Plants
                 pag.
                 120.
                 
              
            
          
           
             3.
             
             Manner
             of
             setting
             .
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Standards
                 .
                 In
                 respect
                 of
                 
                   
                     1.
                     
                     Deepness
                     .
                     p.
                     120
                  
                   
                     2.
                     
                     Distance
                     p.
                     122.
                     
                  
                   
                     3.
                     
                     Order
                     .
                     p.
                     128.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Wall
                 trees
                 .
                 In
                 respect
                 of
                 
                   
                     1.
                     
                     Deepness
                     .
                     p.
                     120
                  
                   
                     2.
                     
                     Distance
                     p.
                     122.
                     
                  
                   
                     3.
                     
                     Order
                     .
                     p.
                     128.
                     
                  
                
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             In
             Pruning
             ,
             cut
          
           
             1.
             Wall-trees
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 In
                 Sommer
                 .
                 pag.
                 131.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 In
                 Winter
                 .
                 pag.
                 132.
                 
              
            
          
           
             2.
             Standards
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 All
                 dead
                 boughs
                 .
                 p.
                 133.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 All
                 superfluous
                 living
                 boughs
                 pag.
                 133.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
             Order
             the
             Roots
          
           
             1.
             
             In
             opening
             them
             .
             p.
             134.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             In
             laying
             fit
             soyls
             to
             them
             .
             pag.
             134
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             Diseases
             incident
             to
             fruit
             trees
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Mossiness
             .
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Causes
                 pag.
                 137.138
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Cur●●
                 pag.
                 137.138
                 .
              
            
          
           
             2.
             Bark-bound
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Causes
                 pag.
                 137.138
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Cur●●
                 pag.
                 137.138
                 .
              
            
          
           
             3.
             Canker
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Causes
                 pag.
                 137.138
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Cur●●
                 pag.
                 137.138
                 .
              
            
          
           
             4.
             Worms
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Causes
                 pag.
                 137.138
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Cur●●
                 pag.
                 137.138
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             Mischiefs
             incident
             to
             fruits
          
           
             1.
             
             Caterpillers
             Remedies
             thereof
             ▪
             pag
             139
             ,
             140
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             Ants.
             Remedies
             thereof
             ▪
             pag
             139
             ,
             140
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             3.
             
             Earwigs
             Remedies
             thereof
             ▪
             pag
             139
             ,
             140
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             4.
             
             Snails
             Remedies
             thereof
             ▪
             pag
             139
             ,
             140
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             5.
             
             Wasps
             Remedies
             thereof
             ▪
             pag
             139
             ,
             140
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             6.
             
             Birds
             Remedies
             thereof
             ▪
             pag
             139
             ,
             140
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             7.
             
             Winds
             Remedies
             thereof
             ▪
             pag
             139
             ,
             140
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             use
             of
             fruits
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             Alimental
             Use
             of
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Apples
                 .
                 p.
                 144.145
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Pears
                 .
                 pag.
                 154.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Quinces
                 .
                 pag.
                 155.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Cherries
                 pag.
                 156
                 ▪
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Plums
                 .
                 pag.
                 158.
                 
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Aprecots
                 pag
                 159.
                 
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Pea●hes
                 .
                 pag.
                 160.
                 
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Mulberries
                 .
                 p.
                 160.
                 
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Figgs
                 .
                 pag.
                 161.
                 
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Grapes
                 .
                 pag
                 111.
                 
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Medlers
                 pag.
                 162.
                 
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Wallnuts
                 .
                 p.
                 163
              
            
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             Physical
             Use
             of
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Apples
                 .
                 p.
                 144.145
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Pears
                 .
                 pag.
                 154.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Quinces
                 .
                 pag.
                 155.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Cherries
                 pag.
                 156.
                 
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Plums
                 .
                 pag.
                 158.
                 
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Aprecots
                 pag
                 159.
                 
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Pea●hes
                 .
                 pag.
                 160.
                 
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Mulberries
                 .
                 p.
                 160.
                 
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 Figgs
                 .
                 pag.
                 161.
                 
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 Grapes
                 .
                 pag
                 111.
                 
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Medlers
                 pag
                 162.
                 
              
               
                 12
                 Wallnuts
                 .
                 p.
                 163
              
            
          
        
         
           
             Errors
             Discovered
             in
             the
          
           
             1.
             
             Theory
             Of
             the
             Art
             of
             Planting
             .
             pag.
             165.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             Practise
             Of
             the
             Art
             of
             Planting
             .
             pag.
             165.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             In
             the
             Theory
             are
             three
             sorts
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Instructions
             hurtful
             and
             dangerous
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 To
                 Graft
                 the
                 first
                 Spring
                 .
                 pag.
                 167.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Not
                 to
                 Prune
                 Roots
                 pag.
                 168.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 To
                 use
                 Treble
                 Grafts
                 .
                 pag.
                 169.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 To
                 use
                 Grafts
                 swelling
                 .
                 pag.
                 168.
                 
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 To
                 remove
                 the
                 Clay
                 .
                 169.
                 
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 To
                 underprop
                 Grafts
                 .
                 169.
                 
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 To
                 mixt
                 things
                 in
                 Grafting
                 .
                 pag.
                 170.
                 
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Not
                 to
                 Plant
                 against
                 a
                 Wall.
                 pag.
                 170.
                 
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 To
                 remove
                 after
                 Winter
                 ▪
                 pag.
                 171.
                 
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 To
                 Plant
                 on
                 Hills
                 .
                 pag.
                 171.
                 
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 To
                 set
                 Stones
                 a
                 foot
                 deep
                 .
                 pag.
                 172.
                 
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 To
                 set
                 buds
                 on
                 knobs
                 of
                 Stocks
                 .
                 pag.
                 172.
                 
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 To
                 set
                 Apple-trees
                 20
                 foot
                 a
                 sunder
                 .
                 p.
                 173.
                 
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 To
                 cut
                 away
                 the
                 shoots
                 of
                 the
                 last
                 year
                 .
                 p.
                 174.
                 
              
            
          
           
             
             2.
             
             Instructions
             for
             effecting
             things
             impossible
             to
             be
             effected
             by
             the
             means
             prescribed
             ▪
             and
             other
             things
             impossible
             to
             be
             effected
             by
             any
             means
             .
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 To
                 mix
                 divers
                 kinds
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 pag.
                 174.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 To
                 change
                 the
                 species
                 of
                 fruits
                 ,
                 pag.
                 176.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 To
                 make
                 fruits
                 have
                 good
                 tasts
                 ,
                 pag.
                 176.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 To
                 make
                 fruits
                 have
                 good
                 Colours
                 ,
                 pag.
                 180.
                 
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 To
                 have
                 Nuts
                 without
                 Husks
                 ,
                 pag.
                 183.
                 
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 To
                 have
                 early
                 and
                 late
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 pag.
                 184.
                 
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 To
                 have
                 Fruits
                 with
                 Inscriptio●s
                 on
                 them
                 ,
                 pag.
                 185.
                 
              
            
          
           
             3.
             
             Affiguing
             wrong
             causes
             to
             effects
             .
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 That
                 Grafting
                 causeth
                 early
                 bearing
                 ,
                 and
                 maketh
                 Fruits
                 better
                 .
                 pag.
                 187.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 That
                 Grafting
                 in
                 the
                 Old
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 ,
                 causeth
                 barrenness
                 many
                 years
                 ,
                 pag.
                 190.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 That
                 Sap
                 descendeth
                 from
                 the
                 Branches
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 worketh
                 several
                 effects
                 ,
                 pag.
                 191
                 ,
                 192
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Errors
             in
             Practise
             of
             the
             Art
             of
             Planting
             ,
             Are
          
           
             1.
             
             Planting
             Trees
             too
             near
             together
             ,
             pag.
             205.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             Planting
             Trees
             unfit
             for
             the
             Country
             ,
             pag.
             205.
             
          
           
             3.
             
             Choosing
             the
             greatest
             Plants
             ,
             pag.
             206.
             
          
           
             4.
             
             Setting
             Trees
             without
             disbranching
             ,
             pag.
             206.
             
          
           
             5.
             
             Planting
             Trees
             in
             worse
             mould
             ,
             pag
             ,
             207.
             
          
           
             6.
             
             Setting
             the
             Graft
             and
             Stock
             smooth
             on
             the
             outside
             ,
             p.
             207.
             
          
           
             7.
             
             Grafting
             long
             ,
             or
             forked
             Grafts
             ,
             pag.
             208.
             
          
           
             8
             Suffering
             Fruit
             trees
             to
             grow
             like
             Timber-trees
             ,
             pag.
             208.
             
          
           
             9.
             
             Giving
             too
             much
             nourishment
             to
             Fruit-trees
             ▪
             pag.
             209.
             
          
           
             10.
             
             Pruning
             off
             too
             many
             shoots
             from
             Wall-trees
             ,
             pag
             210.
             
          
           
             11.
             
             Grafting
             Seed-plants
             before
             removing
             ,
             pag.
             210.
             
          
           
             12.
             
             Not
             Pruning
             the
             Roots
             of
             Plants
             .
             pag.
             210.
             
          
           
             13.
             
             Breaking
             off
             Buds
             before
             grafts
             grow
             ,
             pag.
             211.
             
          
           
             14.
             
             Grafting
             Great
             Trees
             in
             the
             Cleft
             ,
             211.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           TABLE
           ,
           Shewing
           the
           Principal
           things
           contained
           in
           the
           Ensuing
           Work.
           
        
         
           
             HOw
             to
             prepare
             ground
             for
             a
             Nursery
             ;
             and
             to
             Sow
             and
             Set
             Seeds
             ,
             Stones
             ,
             Kernels
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Page
               78
               ,
               79
            
          
           
             Preserve
             Seeds
             from
             Mice
             ,
             and
             weed
             them
          
           
             
               pag.
               80
            
          
           
             Remove
             the
             biggest
             Seed-plants
             by
             themselves
             ,
             and
             the
             least
             by
             themselves
             ,
             and
             remove
             all
             Seed-plants
          
           
             
               p.
               82
               ,
               83
            
          
           
             Ianuary
             ,
             the
             best
             Month
             to
             graft
             Cherry
             ,
             and
             Plum-grafts
          
           
             
               p.
               85
            
          
           
             Grafts
             may
             be
             kept
             in
             Mould
             many
             weeks
          
           
             
               p.
               85
            
          
           
             Necessary
             Instruments
             for
             Grafting
          
           
             
               p.
               86
            
          
           
             Several
             wayes
             of
             Grafting
             ;
             that
             of
             Packing
             on
             is
             more
             sure
             and
             easie
             ,
             less
             hurt
             to
             the
             
             grafts
             and
             stocks
             ,
             then
             in
             the
             cleft
             .
             The
             Reasons
          
           
             
               p.
               87
            
          
           
             To
             joyn
             the
             inner
             sides
             of
             the
             stock
             and
             graft
             ,
             is
             a
             special
             Rule
             in
             Grafting
          
           
             
               p.
               91
            
          
           
             The
             thickest
             grafts
             are
             (
             for
             the
             most
             part
             )
             the
             best
          
           
             
               p.
               92
            
          
           
             Cut
             off
             the
             tops
             of
             Grafts
          
           
             
               p.
               92
            
          
           
             Choose
             Grafts
             from
             the
             best
             bearing
             Trees
          
           
             
               p.
               93
            
          
           
             Vnbind
             Grafts
             in
             due
             season
             ,
             and
             strengthen
             the
             grafted
             place
          
           
             
               p.
               93
            
          
           
             Prune
             off
             all
             side
             branches
             of
             Grafts
             that
             are
             for
             Standards
             ,
             and
             preserve
             only
             one
             strait
             shoot
          
           
             
               p.
               95
            
          
           
             Time
             to
             Inoculate
             is
             about
             Midsommer
             ,
             yet
             some
             Buds
             sooner
             than
             others
          
           
             
               p.
               96
            
          
           
             Inoculate
             Buds
             into
             fit
             stocks
          
           
             
               p.
               97
            
          
           
             Vnbind
             Buds
             in
             due
             time
          
           
             
               p.
               99
            
          
           
             How
             to
             carry
             Buds
             many
             Miles
          
           
             
               p.
               100
            
          
           
             Mark
             stocks
             to
             know
             the
             kinds
          
           
             
               p.
               101
            
          
           
             To
             chuse
             right
             kinds
             of
             grafts
             and
             buds
             ,
             and
             to
             set
             them
             on
             fit
             stocks
             ,
             is
             (
             above
             all
             things
             most
             necessary
             in
             this
             Art
          
           
             
               p
               101
               ,
               102
            
          
           
             Iuice
             of
             the
             black
             hart
             ,
             and
             great
             bearing
             Cherry
             ,
             special
             good
             to
             make
             Cherry-wine
             ,
             or
             to
             colour
             Cider
             to
             make
             it
             as
             Clarret-wine
          
           
             
               p.
               106
            
          
           
             The
             driest
             Plums
             ,
             (
             as
             the
             Musle
             ,
             Damazeen
             ,
             &c.
             )
             are
             the
             best
          
           
             
               p.
               108
            
          
           
             
             Aprecot-trees
             ,
             and
             Peaches
             ,
             are
             propagated
             by
             the
             bud
             only
             ,
             not
             by
             grafting
          
           
             
               p.
               109
            
          
           
             The
             great
             Blew
             Fig
             comes
             to
             perfect
             ripeness
             with
             us
             ,
             if
             set
             against
             a
             South
             wall
          
           
             
               p.
               111
            
          
           
             Vineyards
             formerly
             in
             England
          
           
             
               p.
               112
            
          
           
             The
             Parsly
             Vine
             ,
             and
             white
             Muskadine
             ,
             bear
             store
             of
             good
             fruits
          
           
             
               p.
               112
            
          
           
             Portugal
             Quince
             the
             best
             kind
          
           
             
               p.
               113
            
          
           
             Black
             Mulberry
             trees
             bear
             abundantly
          
           
             
               p.
               114
            
          
           
             Chuse
             the
             fairest
             Walnuts
             of
             thinnest
             shells
             ,
             and
             good
             bearers
             ,
             to
             set
          
           
             
               p.
               115
            
          
           
             Graft
             old
             Trees
             ,
             if
             bad
             bearers
             ,
             or
             bad
             fruits
          
           
             
               p.
               115
            
          
           
             Arbors
             of
             Fruit-trees
             ,
             better
             than
             of
             Privet
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               p.
               116
            
          
           
             Begin
             to
             Transplant
             betime
             ;
             divers
             advantages
             by
             it
          
           
             
               p.
               117
            
          
           
             The
             largest
             plants
             not
             best
          
           
             
               p.
               119
            
          
           
             Set
             not
             below
             the
             soyle
          
           
             
               p.
               120
            
          
           
             Prune
             the
             branches
             and
             Roots
          
           
             
               p.
               120
            
          
           
             Lay
             Dung
             or
             Weeds
             about
             new
             set
             Plants
          
           
             
               p.
               121
            
          
           
             How
             to
             prepare
             Trees
             for
             carriage
          
           
             
               p.
               122
            
          
           
             In
             setting
             Trees
             observe
             a
             fit
             distance
             ,
             see
             the
             advantages
          
           
             
               p.
               123
            
          
           
             Distance
             of
             Wall
             trees
          
           
             
               p.
               125
            
          
           
             How
             to
             set
             and
             order
             Cherry
             and
             Quodling
             hedges
          
           
             
               p.
               125
            
          
           
             Nearness
             of
             trees
             best
             in
             some
             respects
          
           
             
               p.
               127
            
          
           
             Order
             in
             setting
          
           
             
               p.
               128
            
          
           
             
             Put
             some
             good
             Mould
             next
             the
             roots
             of
             Plants
             in
             setting
          
           
             
               p.
               129
            
          
           
             Ordering
             Plants
             the
             first
             year
             of
             setting
             ,
             is
             of
             special
             concernment
          
           
             
               p.
               130
            
          
           
             Suffer
             not
             the
             main
             branches
             of
             Wall-trees
             to
             rise
             upwards
             ,
             but
             spread
             them
             on
             the
             sides
             of
             the
             wall
          
           
             
               p.
               131
            
          
           
             Wall-trees
             must
             be
             pruned
             and
             ordered
             ,
             both
             in
             Sommer
             and
             Winter
          
           
             
               p.
               131
            
          
           
             Errour
             in
             Pruning
             Wall-trees
             ;
             Cutting
             off
             too
             many
             shoots
          
           
             
               p.
               133
            
          
           
             An
             Observation
             in
             Pruning
          
           
             
               p.
               133
            
          
           
             Bare
             old
             Trees
             at
             the
             Roots
             about
             October
             ,
             and
             lay
             some
             good
             soyls
             to
             them
          
           
             
               p.
               134
            
          
           
             Piggeons-dung
             ,
             Hens
             dung
             ,
             Blood
             of
             Cattle
             ,
             or
             the
             like
             ,
             is
             special
             good
             to
             cause
             Trees
             to
             bear
             well
          
           
             
               p.
               134
            
          
           
             Mowing
             of
             Orchards
             is
             exceeding
             hurtful
             to
             Fruit-trees
             ,
             but
             suffering
             Cattle
             to
             lie
             among
             them
             ,
             is
             very
             profitable
          
           
             
               p.
               135
            
          
           
             Moss
             on
             Fruit-trees
             ,
             caused
             by
             coldness
             and
             barrenness
             of
             the
             ground
          
           
             
               p.
               137
            
          
           
             Cut
             off
             the
             branches
             of
             Trees
             Bark-bound
          
           
             
               p.
               138
            
          
           
             Cut
             out
             the
             Canker
             of
             Fruit-trees
          
           
             
               p.
               139
            
          
           
             Cut
             worms
             out
             of
             the
             bark
             of
             Trees
          
           
             
               p.
               139
            
          
           
             Destroy
             Catterpillers
             in
             breeding
          
           
             
               p.
               140
            
          
           
             Preserve
             the
             fruits
             from
             Ants
             ,
             Erewigs
             ,
             Snails
             Wasps
             ,
             Birds
             ,
             and
             Winds
             as
             much
             as
             may
             be
          
           
             
               p.
               141
               ,
               142
            
          
           
             
             Apples
             best
             for
             Cider
          
           
             
               p.
               144
            
          
           
             Increase
             the
             best
             kinds
             for
             Cider
          
           
             
               p.
               145
            
          
           
             Some
             Cider
             sooner
             ready
             then
             other
             kinds
          
           
             
               p.
               145
            
          
           
             How
             to
             make
             Cider
             and
             Perry
          
           
             
               p.
               146
            
          
           
             Of
             Botling
             Cider
          
           
             
               p.
               147
            
          
           
             How
             to
             keep
             Bottles
             of
             Cider
          
           
             
               p.
               147
            
          
           
             Of
             the
             healthfulness
             of
             Cider
          
           
             
               p.
               148
            
          
           
             How
             to
             keep
             Apples
          
           
             
               p.
               151
            
          
           
             Apples
             are
             singular
             good
             to
             cure
             the
             Strangury
             ,
             and
             other
             diseases
             proceeding
             of
             the
             difficulty
             of
             making
             water
             ;
             see
             how
             ordered
          
           
             
               p.
               153
            
          
           
             Pears
             are
             more
             nourishing
             than
             Apples
          
           
             
               p.
               154
            
          
           
             A
             Wine
             of
             Pears
             ,
             not
             inferior
             to
             French-Wines
          
           
             
               p.
               154
            
          
           
             Quinces
             ,
             Cordial
             Fruits
             ,
             and
             of
             manifold
             uses
          
           
             
               p.
               155
            
          
           
             How
             to
             keep
             Quinces
             a
             year
             or
             two
          
           
             
               p.
               156
            
          
           
             Cherries
             breed
             good
             blood
             in
             the
             body
          
           
             
               p.
               156
            
          
           
             A
             pleasant
             refreshing
             Wine
             made
             of
             Cherries
             ,
             more
             fit
             for
             Sommer
             than
             hot
             Wines
          
           
             
               p.
               157
            
          
           
             Cherries
             boyled
             in
             broths
             and
             drinks
             ,
             good
             for
             hot
             and
             feaverish
             bodies
          
           
             
               p.
               158
            
          
           
             Kernels
             of
             Cherry-stones
             break
             the
             bladder
             stone
          
           
             
               p.
               158
            
          
           
             Plums
             cast
             out
             chollerick
             humours
             ,
             and
             are
             good
             in
             hot
             diseases
          
           
             
               p.
               158
            
          
           
             
             The
             infusion
             of
             dried
             Aprecots
             ,
             is
             profitable
             in
             sharp
             feavers
          
           
             
               p.
               159
            
          
           
             Peaches
             cool
             ,
             and
             keep
             the
             belly
             soluble
             ,
             eat
             them
             (
             as
             all
             other
             fruits
             )
             moderately
             ,
             and
             drink
             a
             cup
             of
             Wine
             after
          
           
             
               p.
               160
            
          
           
             Wine
             of
             Mulberries
             ,
             a
             small
             quantity
             of
             juice
             will
             colour
             White-wine
             ,
             Cider
             ,
             Perry
             ,
             &c.
             and
             makes
             a
             pleasant
             sauce
          
           
             
               p.
               1●0
            
          
           
             Iuice
             of
             Mulberries
             ,
             good
             against
             a
             sore
             mouth
             or
             throat
             ,
             they
             stir
             up
             a
             languishing
             appetite
          
           
             
               p.
               161
            
          
           
             Figs
             nourish
             much
             ,
             and
             breed
             store
             of
             blood
             ;
             are
             accounted
             restorative
             ;
             they
             help
             an
             old
             cough
             (
             boyled
             with
             Isop
             )
             are
             for
             many
             other
             purposes
          
           
             
               p.
               161
            
          
           
             Medlers
             fortifie
             digestion
             ,
             stay
             vomiting
             and
             loosness
             of
             the
             belly
             ;
             kernels
             (
             with
             parsly
             roots
             ,
             &c.
             )
             mightily
             drive
             out
             stones
             and
             gravel
             from
             the
             kidnies
          
           
             
               p.
               162
            
          
           
             Walnuts
             help
             digestion
             ,
             with
             other
             things
             they
             resist
             Poyson
             ;
             green
             Walnuts
             distilled
             ,
             preserve
             against
             the
             Pestilence
          
           
             
               p.
               163
            
          
           
             Errors
             discovered
             concerning
             the
             Art
             of
             Planting
             :
             First
             ,
             in
             the
             writings
             of
             some
             :
             Secondly
             ,
             in
             the
             practise
             of
             others
             ;
             see
             the
             particulars
          
           
             
               p.
               165
               ,
               166
               ,
               167
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             Scituation
             of
             an
             Orchard●
          
           
             
               p.
               212
            
          
           
             Soyle
             of
             an
             Orchard
          
           
             
               p.
               213
            
          
           
             Cold
             and
             moist
             grounds
          
           
             
               p.
               215
            
          
           
             Hot
             and
             dry
             grounds
          
           
             
               p.
               215
            
          
           
             
             Cold
             clay
             grounds
          
           
             
               p.
               215
            
          
           
             Stony
             gravel
             grounds
          
           
             
               p.
               216
            
          
           
             Low
             bottome
             grounds
          
           
             
               p.
               216
            
          
           
             Shelters
             for
             an
             Orchard
          
           
             
               p.
               217
            
          
           
             Walnut-trees
             good
             shelters
          
           
             
               p.
               218
            
          
           
             Quantity
             of
             ground
             for
             an
             Orchard
          
           
             
               p.
               220
            
          
           
             Such
             as
             begin
             to
             Plant
             soonest
             ,
             will
             have
             most
             profit
          
           
             
               p.
               220
            
          
           
             Great
             profits
             ,
             with
             little
             cost
             and
             pains
          
           
             
               p.
               221
            
          
           
             Orchard
             and
             garden
             on
             the
             South
             side
          
           
             
               p.
               221
            
          
           
             Build
             the
             House
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             Orchard
          
           
             
               p.
               222
            
          
           
             Sweet
             fresh
             Air
             ,
             conduceth
             to
             health
             and
             long
             life
             more
             than
             diet
          
           
             
               p.
               222
            
          
           
             Many
             stocks
             of
             Bees
             may
             be
             kept
             in
             a
             great
             O●chard
          
           
             
               p.
               223
            
          
           
             Plant
             Fruit-trees
             in
             the
             Fields
             and
             Hedges
          
           
             
               p.
               224
            
          
           
             Observe
             right
             kinds
             of
             Trees
          
           
             
               p.
               224
            
          
           
             Plant
             high
             Trees
             in
             Fields
          
           
             
               p.
               225
            
          
           
             Manner
             of
             Planting
             in
             the
             Fields
          
           
             
               p.
               226
            
          
           
             Shade
             and
             droppings
             ,
             no
             considerable
             prejudice
          
           
             
               p.
               227
            
          
           
             Great
             profit
             of
             Fruit-trees
             by
             Cider
             and
             Perry
          
           
             
               p.
               227
            
          
           
             Cider
             more
             healthy
             than
             other
             liquors
          
           
             
               p.
               228
            
          
           
             Long
             Experience
             proves
             the
             healthfulness
             of
             Cider
          
           
             
               p.
               228
            
          
           
             Windiness
             of
             Cider
             only
             at
             first
          
           
             
               p.
               229
            
          
           
             Cider
             of
             some
             Apples
             is
             cordial
          
           
             
               p.
               230
            
          
           
             
             Apprehensions
             of
             good
             ,
             makes
             men
             seek
             after
             it
          
           
             
               p.
               231
            
          
           
             Health
             and
             Long-life
          
           
             
               p.
               231
            
          
           
             Riches
             and
             Profits
          
           
             
               p.
               231
            
          
           
             The
             Philosophers
             stone
          
           
             
               p.
               232
            
          
           
             Let
             Landlords
             and
             Tenants
             agree
             to
             Plant
          
           
             
               p.
               233
            
          
           
             An
             increase
             manifold
          
           
             
               p.
               233
            
          
           
             Husbandry
             the
             end
             of
             mens
             other
             endeavours
          
           
             
               p.
               234
            
          
           
             Nations
             subsist
             by
             Husbandry
          
           
             
               p.
               234
            
          
           
             Plant
             Oak
             ,
             Ash
             ,
             Elme
             ,
             and
             all
             sorts
             of
             Wood
          
           
             
               p.
               235
            
          
           
             Land
             not
             worth
             Twenty
             shillings
             an
             Acre
             ,
             is
             made
             worth
             five
             pound
             in
             few
             years
          
           
             
               p.
               236
            
          
           
             Wood
             on
             good
             Land
             worth
             Sixty
             pounds
             an
             Acre
          
           
             
               p.
               236
            
          
           
             One
             hundred
             Ashes
             sold
             for
             five
             hundred
             pounds
          
           
             
               p.
               237
            
          
           
             Fifty
             thousand
             pounds
             worth
             of
             Wood
             raised
             in
             an
             Age
             ,
             by
             one
             man
          
           
             
               p.
               237
            
          
           
             A
             necessity
             of
             planting
             Wood
          
           
             
               p
               237
            
          
           
             It
             is
             desired
             the
             Higher
             Powers
             would
             enjoyn
             this
             work
          
           
             
               p.
               238
            
          
           
             Reasons
             for
             it
          
           
             
               p.
               238
            
          
           
             Other
             nations
             look
             more
             after
             planting
          
           
             
               p.
               239
            
          
           
             How
             to
             have
             great
             store
             of
             young
             Oaks
             ,
             Ashes
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               p.
               240
            
          
           
             
             How
             to
             get
             Elme
             Plants
          
           
             
               p.
               240
            
          
           
             Cut
             not
             the
             Tops
          
           
             
               p
               241
            
          
           
             Draw
             many
             Plants
             ,
             and
             leave
             the
             rest
          
           
             
               p.
               241
            
          
           
             Willow
             ,
             Osier
             ,
             Withy
             ,
             Sally
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               p.
               241
            
          
           
             Soyle
             best
             for
             a
             Plantation
          
           
             
               p.
               242
            
          
           
             Of
             Vine
             yards
             in
             England
          
           
             
               p.
               243
            
          
           
             Camdens
             Testimony
             of
             Vineyards
             in
             England
          
           
             
               p.
               243
            
          
           
             Mr.
             Parkinsons
             judgement
             of
             Vineyards
             in
             England
          
           
             
               p.
               244
            
          
           
             A
             Vine-yard
             must
             have
             all
             advantages
             with
             us
          
           
             
               p.
               245
            
          
           
             An
             Experienced
             way
             for
             good
             Wines
          
           
             
               p.
               245
            
          
        
         
           
             Various
             things
             Promiscuously
             .
          
           
             1
             MAke
             some
             Wall-trees
             ,
             Dwarf-trees
          
           
             
               p.
               246
            
          
           
             2
             Keep
             the
             ground
             bare
             ,
             under
             and
             about
             them
          
           
             
               p.
               247
            
          
           
             3
             Wet
             grounds
             bad
             for
             Trees
          
           
             
               p.
               247
            
          
           
             4
             Helps
             to
             Fruit-trees
             in
             bearing
          
           
             
               p.
               247
            
          
           
             5
             Take
             heed
             that
             Pismires
             ,
             Efts
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             be
             not
             about
             the
             Roots
             of
             Trees
          
           
             
               p.
               248
            
          
           
             6
             Fruit-trees
             advantage
             Grass
             some
             wayes
          
           
             
               p.
               248
            
          
           
             7
             Fruit-trees
             profitable
             many
             ways
          
           
             
               p.
               248
            
          
           
             8
             Helps
             for
             barren
             Vines
          
           
             
               p.
               249
            
          
           
             9
             How
             to
             keep
             Grapes
          
           
             
               p.
               249
            
          
           
             
             10
             Much
             profit
             by
             planting
             in
             one
             Age
          
           
             
               p.
               249
            
          
           
             11
             Remedies
             against
             Coneyes
             ,
             Mice
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               p.
               250
            
          
           
             12
             To
             have
             Cherries
             and
             other
             Fruits
             late
          
           
             
               p.
               250
            
          
           
             13
             Destroy
             Snails
             in
             Gardens
          
           
             
               p.
               251
            
          
           
             14
             To
             have
             fruit
             grow
             within
             doors
          
           
             
               p.
               251
            
          
           
             15
             Apples
             that
             have
             lain
             a
             certain
             time
             ,
             make
             the
             best
             Cider
          
           
             
               p.
               252
            
          
           
             16
             Tun
             up
             Cider
             as
             soon
             as
             may
             be
          
           
             
               p.
               252
            
          
           
             17
             What
             flags
             are
             best
             to
             bind
             withal
          
           
             
               p.
               252
            
          
           
             18
             Fit
             grafts
             and
             stocks
             in
             bigness
          
           
             
               p.
               253
            
          
           
             19
             Cut
             grafts
             in
             due
             Season
          
           
             
               p.
               253
            
          
           
             20
             Seed-stocks
             better
             than
             wood-stocks
          
           
             
               p.
               254
            
          
           
             21
             Weed
             the
             Nursery
          
           
             
               p.
               255
            
          
           
             22
             Cut
             not
             off
             side-branches
             too
             soon
          
           
             
               p.
               255
            
          
           
             23
             How
             to
             get
             great
             boughes
             ,
             with
             Roots
             from
             Trees
          
           
             
               p.
               255
            
          
           
             24
             Look
             that
             seeds
             lie
             not
             above
             ground
          
           
             
               p.
               257
            
          
           
             25
             Lay
             dung
             upon
             the
             Roots
             of
             new
             set
             Plants
          
           
             
               p.
               257
            
          
           
             26
             Leave
             a
             Bud
             on
             the
             outside
          
           
             
               p.
               258
            
          
           
             27
             Preserve
             some
             ungrafted
             Trees
             for
             Cider
             ;
             Sow
             Acornes
             ,
             Ashkeyes
             ,
             and
             other
             Seeds
          
           
             
               p.
               159
            
          
        
         
           
           
             A
             Table
             shewing
             the
             Principal
             things
             contained
             in
             these
             Experiments
             and
             Observations
             .
          
           
             ACceleration
             of
             Germination
             ,
             by
             sowing
             seed
             upon
             a
             hot
             bed
          
           
             
               Page
               2
            
          
           
             Steeping
             of
             seeds
             ,
             kernels
             ,
             stones
             ,
             &c.
             in
             Liquors
             before
             sowing
             ,
             to
             make
             them
             spring
             up
             the
             sooner
          
           
             
               p.
               3
            
          
           
             Watring
             of
             Strawberries
             ,
             to
             hasten
             ripening
          
           
             
               p.
               4
            
          
           
             Blood
             ,
             and
             other
             things
             applied
             to
             the
             Roots
             of
             Trees
          
           
             
               p.
               4
            
          
           
             Fruits
             upon
             the
             south
             and
             east
             sun
             ,
             ripen
             soonest
          
           
             
               p
               5
            
          
           
             Digging
             about
             the
             Roots
             of
             some
             Trees
             is
             profitable
             
               p.
               6
            
             Rose-trees
             bud
             forth
             in
             the
             house
          
           
             
               p.
               6
            
          
           
             Flowers
             with
             Bulbous
             Roots
             ,
             grow
             a
             time
             in
             water
             
               p.
               7.
            
             
             Pease
             ,
             Radish
             ,
             &c.
             Early
          
           
             
               p.
               7
            
          
           
             Water
             necessary
             to
             fruit-trees
             but
             not
             over
             much
          
           
             
               p.
               8
            
          
           
             Plants
             housed
             seasonably
             ,
             bud
             soonest
          
           
             
               p.
               8
            
          
           
             To
             make
             Roses
             come
             late
             ,
             several
             means
          
           
             
               p.
               9
               ,
               10
               ▪
               11
            
          
           
             Stones
             ,
             Weeds
             ,
             Muck
             ,
             &c.
             laid
             about
             the
             Roots
             of
             new
             set
             Trees
             ,
             makes
             them
             prosper
             better
          
           
             
               p.
               11
            
          
           
             Keep
             Trees
             stedy
             at
             first
             setting
          
           
             
               p.
               1●
            
          
           
             Cut
             away
             suckers
             and
             side
             branches
             at
             need
             is
          
           
             
               p.
               13
            
          
           
             How
             to
             take
             off
             the
             boughs
             of
             some
             Trees
             with
             Roots
             
               p.
               14
            
             No
             descention
             of
             sap
             in
             Trees
             ,
             divers
             Arguments
             against
             it
          
           
             
               p
               14
               ,
               15
            
          
           
             How
             to
             make
             barren
             Trees
             fruitful
          
           
             
               p.
               15
            
          
           
             Trees
             against
             a
             South-wall
             ,
             bear
             fruits
             ripe
             soonest
             
               p.
               16
            
             Pull
             not
             off
             leaves
             too
             soon
          
           
             
               p.
               17
            
          
           
             Fruits
             on
             low
             boughs
             ,
             ripe
             soonest
          
           
             
               p.
               17
            
          
           
             Graft
             Trees
             that
             bear
             not
             ,
             or
             bear
             not
             good
             fruits
             ,
             with
             grafts
             of
             good
             bearing
             kinds
          
           
             
               p
               19
            
          
           
             
             Digging
             about
             the
             Roots
             of
             Trees
             ,
             profitable
             to
             some
          
           
             
               p.
               19
            
          
           
             Opening
             the
             Roots
             of
             old
             Trees
             ,
             and
             putting
             in
             good
             mould
             ,
             is
             necessary
             in
             barren
             ground
          
           
             
               p.
               20
            
          
           
             Transplant
             Trees
             from
             bad
             ground
             ,
             to
             better
          
           
             
               p.
               21
            
          
           
             Cutting
             ,
             or
             scoring
             the
             bark
             of
             Trees
             ,
             sometimes
             profitable
             
               p
               21
            
             Shade
             good
             for
             some
             Trees
          
           
             
               p.
               22
            
          
           
             Pull
             off
             blossomes
             in
             some
             cases
          
           
             
               p
               22
            
          
           
             Grafting
             helpeth
             not
             Trees
             ,
             except
             the
             Grafts
             are
             of
             good
             kinds
             
               p.
               23
            
             Grafts
             do
             govern
             ,
             yet
             partake
             somewhat
             of
             the
             stock
          
           
             
               p.
               24
            
          
           
             Fruit-trees
             of
             some
             kernels
             ,
             bear
             good
             fruits
          
           
             
               p.
               26
            
          
           
             Remove
             flowers
             into
             fresh
             earth
          
           
             
               p.
               26
            
          
           
             Regrafting
             the
             same
             graft
             ,
             makes
             not
             fruits
             greater
             
               p.
               27
            
             Cut
             not
             off
             the
             tops
             of
             young
             fig-trees
          
           
             
               p.
               28
            
          
           
             Black
             Mulberry-trees
             great
             bearers
          
           
             
               p.
               28
            
          
           
             Lees
             of
             Wine
             ,
             Blood
             ,
             &c.
             good
             especially
             to
             old
             Yrees
          
           
             
               p
               29
            
          
           
             Terebration
             of
             Trees
             ,
             good
             for
             some
             Trees
          
           
             
               p.
               29
            
          
           
             Pricking
             ,
             or
             scoring
             of
             Trees
             profitable
          
           
             
               p
               29
            
          
           
             Swines
             dung
             good
             for
             trees
             ,
             if
             moderately
             used
          
           
             
               p.
               30
            
          
           
             Simply
             grafting
             doth
             not
             meliorate
             fruits
          
           
             
               p.
               30
            
          
           
             Chuse
             the
             best
             Grafts
             and
             Stocks
          
           
             
               p.
               30
            
          
           
             Rouen
             dung
             best
             for
             Trees
          
           
             
               p.
               31
            
          
           
             Fruit
             growing
             in
             Pots
          
           
             
               p.
               32
            
          
           
             Set
             not
             any
             Trees
             below
             the
             soyle
          
           
             
               p.
               33
            
          
           
             Fruits
             upon
             warm
             walls
             ripen
             soonest
          
           
             
               p.
               33
            
          
           
             Graft
             upon
             the
             best
             stocks
          
           
             
               p.
               34
            
          
           
             The
             Causes
             of
             Barrenness
             of
             Trees
          
           
             
               p.
               35
            
          
           
             Of
             Compounding
             fruits
             ,
             making
             of
             several
             kinds
             ,
             one
             new
             kind
          
           
             
               p.
               37
            
          
           
             Sympathy
             and
             Antipathy
             of
             Plants
          
           
             
               p.
               40
            
          
           
             Several
             kinds
             drawing
             the
             same
             juice
             or
             sap
             ,
             convert
             it
             into
             their
             own
             Natures
          
           
             
               p.
               42
            
          
           
             Of
             making
             herbs
             and
             fruits
             Medicinable
          
           
             
               p.
               42
            
          
           
             Curiosities
             about
             Fruits
             and
             Plants
          
           
             
               p.
               44
            
          
           
             Fruits
             of
             several
             shapes
          
           
             
               p.
               45
            
          
           
             
             Fruits
             and
             Trees
             with
             Inscriptions
             or
             Ingravings
             upon
             them
             
               p.
               45
            
             Set
             Letters
             on
             Fruit
             trees
             ,
             to
             know
             the
             kinds
             
               p.
               46
            
             Trees
             apparelled
             with
             flowers
             
               p.
               4●
            
             Remove
             flowers
             into
             fresh
             mold
          
           
             
               p.
               47
            
          
           
             Lay
             flowers
             to
             multiply
             them
             ,
             see
             how
          
           
             
               p
               48
            
          
           
             Cl●ve
             gilly
             flowers
             ,
             the
             most
             useful
          
           
             
               p
               49
            
          
           
             White
             colours
             more
             inodorate
             
               p.
               50
            
             White
             fruits
             commonly
             best
             
               p
               51
            
             Different
             colours
             from
             one
             kind
             of
             seed
             
               p.
               52
            
             Gather
             seed
             from
             the
             best
             flowers
             
               p.
               54
            
             How
             to
             have
             flowers
             fair
             and
             double
             
               p.
               54
            
             Roses
             multiplied
             by
             Inoculating
          
           
             
               p.
               55
            
          
           
             Fruits
             without
             core
             or
             stone
             
               p.
               55
            
             Grafts
             upon
             the
             sweetest
             stocks
             ,
             bear
             the
             sweetest
             fruits
          
           
             
               p.
               57
            
          
           
             Degenerating
             of
             Plants
             
               p.
               57
            
             Some
             flowers
             degerate
             &
             change
             through
             barrenness
             of
             the
             soyl
          
           
             
               p.
               58
            
          
           
             Seed
             of
             some
             fruits
             degenerate
             ,
             see
             the
             Cause
          
           
             
               p.
               59
            
          
           
             Peaches
             come
             not
             better
             of
             stones
             then
             grafting
          
           
             
               p.
               60
            
          
           
             Dwarf
             trees
             bear
             great
             fruits
             and
             many
          
           
             
               p.
               61
            
          
           
             Help
             barren
             soyls
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             are
             too
             moist
             ,
             la●
             them
             dryer
             
               p.
               63
            
             Some
             trees
             bear
             twice
             a
             year
          
           
             
               p.
               6●
            
          
           
             Cutting
             fruit-trees
             conduceth
             to
             their
             lasting
             in
             some
             cases
             
               p.
               65
            
             How
             to
             keep
             fruits
             long
          
           
             
               p.
               66
            
          
           
             Wine
             of
             Cherries
             ,
             and
             other
             fruits
          
           
             
               p
               68
            
          
           
             An
             excellent
             drink
             made
             of
             Pl●ms
          
           
             
               p.
               70
            
          
           
             Plant
             the
             best
             bearing
             Trees
             
               p.
               70
            
             Most
             fruits
             commonly
             on
             the
             lowest
             boughs
             ,
             the
             Cause
          
           
             
               p.
               71
            
          
           
             Good
             bearing
             kinds
             bear
             betime
             ,
             and
             last
             long
          
           
             
               p.
               73
            
          
           
             Get
             the
             best
             kinds
             upon
             any
             rates
             
               p.
               73
            
             Graft
             again
             old
             Trees
             ,
             if
             bad
             fruits
             ,
             or
             bad
             bearer●
          
           
             
               p.
               74
            
          
           
             Some
             Trees
             grow
             deeper
             then
             others
             ,
             the
             cause
          
           
             
               p.
               75
            
          
           
             Some
             Trees
             take
             Root
             of
             slips
             
               p.
               76
            
             Vines
             take
             not
             with
             grafting
             ,
             lay
             the
             branches
             in
             the
             earth
          
           
             
               p.
               77
            
          
           
             Heat
             hastneth
             Maturation
             of
             Fruits
          
           
             
               p.
               78
            
          
           
             How
             to
             keep
             Cider
             ,
             and
             other
             Liquors
             ,
             long
          
           
             
               p.
               79
            
          
           
             Bottles
             of
             Liquor
             ,
             in
             Sand
             ,
             Earth
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               p.
               80
            
          
           
             Fruits
             cannot
             be
             made
             without
             cores
             or
             stones
          
           
             
               p.
               81
            
          
           
             Artificial
             heat
             may
             help
             to
             ripen
             fruits
             sooner
          
           
             
               p.
               82
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
           
             
             
               Planting
               of
               Fruit-Trees
               ,
               The
               best
               way
               of
               improvement
               of
               Lands
               .
            
             
               THE
               
                 Profits
                 of
                 Orchards
                 and
                 Gardens
              
               ,
               and
               also
               of
               planting
               Fruit-trees
               in
               the
               Fields
               and
               Hedges
               ,
               (
               especially
               by
               Cider
               and
               Pery
               )
               are
               very
               well
               know
               to
               many
               in
               this
               Nation
               ,
               so
               that
               the
               things
               I
               here
               speak
               of
               to
               men
               ,
               are
               not
               doubtfull
               and
               questionable
               ,
               whether
               advantages
               will
               arise
               or
               no
               ,
               when
               they
               have
               bestowed
               their
               time
               ,
               &
               labours
               about
               them
               ,
               but
               Profits
               are
               as
               certaine
               (
               by
               the
               blessing
               of
               ,
               God
               )
               as
               a
               harvest
               of
               Corne
               in
               Autumne
               when
               the
               husbandman
               hath
               plowed
               ,
               and
               sowed
               ,
               in
               the
               spring
               or
               other
               season
               .
               
               
                 Worcestershire
                 ,
                 Herefordshire
                 ,
                 Glocestershire
                 ,
                 Kent
                 ,
              
               and
               many
               other
               parts
               in
               this
               Nation
               ,
               can
               sufficiently
               evidence
               the
               
                 Profits
                 of
                 Orchards
                 and
                 fruit-trees
                 in
                 the
                 fields
                 and
                 hedges
              
               ▪
               And
               those
               good
               Common-wealths-men
               ,
               who
               have
               written
               of
               the
               
                 Improvement
                 of
                 lands
              
               ,
               have
               all
               agreed
               ,
               that
               this
               is
               the
               
                 highest
                 way
                 of
                 improvement
              
               of
               any
               other
               .
            
             
               Mr.
               Blith
               in
               his
               Book
               intituled
               ,
               The
               
                 Improver
                 improved
              
               ,
               hath
               asserted
               ,
               That
               
                 Planting
                 Fruit
                 trees
              
               at
               such
               a
               distance
               as
               they
               cannot
               reach
               ,
               when
               they
               have
               attained
               largest
               growth
               ,
               they
               do
               advantage
               the
               Land
               ,
               
                 even
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 Grasse
              
               ,
               (
               although
               the
               common
               prejudice
               against
               
                 Fruit-trees
                 in
                 fields
              
               is
               ,
               that
               they
               spoyle
               Grasse
               )
               so
               that
               some
               Land
               not
               being
               worth
               above
               10s
               s
               ,
               or
               13s
               s
               4d.
               an
               Acre
               ,
               the
               Grasse
               (
               
                 by
                 planting
                 Fruit-trees
              
               regularly
               upon
               it
               )
               was
               afterwards
               worth
               30s
               s
               ,
               on
               40s
               s
               ,
               or
               50s
               s
               an
               Acre
               .
               And
               the
               Fruits
               upon
               the
               Trees
               may
               yeild
               some
               3l
               l
               ,
               some
               5l
               l
               ▪
               Or
               some
               6
               or
               8l
               l
               
                 an
                 Acre
                 ,
                 See
                 Pag.
              
               262
               of
               his
               Book
               .
            
             
               And
               that
               in
               
                 Kent
                 ,
                 Essex
                 ,
                 Surrey
                 ,
                 Middlesex
                 ,
              
               and
               those
               parts
               ,
               some
               Land
               that
               was
               not
               worth
               above
               6
               or
               8s
               s
               the
               Acre
               ,
               was
               by
               
                 Nurseries
                 of
                 young
                 Trees
                 ,
                 planting
                 and
                 ordering
                 of
                 them
                 ,
              
               in
               certaine
               years
               
               brought
               to
               be
               worth
               20l
               
                 an
                 Acre
              
               ,
               and
               some
               40
               or
               more
               .
            
             
               And
               further
               ,
               he
               affirmeth
               ,
               that
               some
               Orchards
               in
               those
               parts
               a●●
               worth
               to
               grase
               
                 Forty
                 ,
                 or
                 fifty
                 shillings
              
               ,
               〈◊〉
               
                 an
                 Acre
              
               ,
               and
               are
               so
               let
               to
               Tenants
               :
               And
               the
               fruits
               of
               those
               Trees
               seldome
               yeild
               so
               little
               ,
               as
               
                 Double
                 or
                 treble
                 the
                 worth
                 of
                 the
                 Grasse
                 ,
              
               many
               times
               
                 five
                 or
                 sixfold
              
               ,
               or
               more
               ,
               
                 see
                 Pag.
              
               263.
               of
               his
               Book
               .
            
             
               It
               may
               (
               perhaps
               )
               be
               objected
               :
               That
               Fruit-trees
               so
               planted
               make
               grasse
               (
               under
               ,
               and
               about
               them
               )
               sower
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               not
               so
               pleasant
               ,
               and
               good
               for
               Cattle
               ,
               as
               some
               other
               ,
               where
               no
               Trees
               are
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               Answered
               :
               Although
               it
               be
               not
               so
               pleasant
               altogether
               ,
               as
               that
               where
               ther
               's
               no
               shade
               of
               trees
               ,
               yet
               other
               advantages
               doe
               more
               then
               make
               amends
               .
               It
               's
               observ'd
               that
               
                 such
                 Grasse
                 is
                 earlier
                 in
                 the
                 spring
              
               then
               upon
               other
               grounds
               ,
               ●and
               that
               such
               grounds
               beare
               more
               ,
               when
               it
               is
               cut
               for
               hay
               ,
               or
               if
               pastured
               it
               keeps
               
                 more
                 Cattle
              
               ,
               then
               Lands
               of
               like
               quantity
               not
               so
               planted
               :
               And
               besides
               ,
               in
               a
               
                 hot
                 and
                 dry
                 summer
              
               ,
               ther
               's
               grasse
               under
               ,
               and
               about
               Trees
               ,
               when
               it
               s
               burnt
               up
               in
               other
               grounds
               .
            
             
               My
               advice
               is
               therefore
               (
               all
               these
               
                 Profits
                 and
                 advantages
              
               considered
               )
               that
               men
               set
               themselves
               diligently
               to
               this
               work
               of
               
               
                 Planting
                 Fruit-trees
              
               ,
               for
               improvement
               of
               their
               Lands
               and
               Estates
               .
               Not
               only
               ,
               that
               they
               plant
               good
               
                 Orchards
                 and
                 Gardens
              
               ,
               but
               also
               that
               they
               
                 Plant
                 round
                 about
                 their
                 fields
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 th●●●elds
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 their
                 Corne
                 ,
                 Pasture
                 ,
                 &
                 hay
                 grounds
                 ,
              
               (
               as
               in
               Kent
               )
               the
               fruit-trees
               at
               a
               large
               distance
               one
               from
               another
               ,
               20
               or
               30
               yards
               asunder
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               suffer
               no
               branches
               to
               spread
               ,
               within
               two
               yards
               from
               the
               ground
               ,
               that
               so
               they
               may
               be
               out
               of
               the
               reach
               of
               Cattle
               &
               may
               not
               be
               troublesome
               to
               workmen
               
                 in
                 plowing
                 ,
                 sowing
                 ,
                 reaping
                 ,
              
               and
               other
               works
               .
            
             
               If
               the
               Plants
               are
               faire
               straight
               ones
               ,
               of
               
                 two
                 yards
                 high
              
               ,
               or
               thereabouts
               ,
               &
               senced
               about
               to
               preserve
               them
               from
               Cattle
               at
               the
               first
               ,
               (
               with
               some
               stakes
               or
               the
               like
               )
               they
               will
               in
               a
               few
               years
               preserve
               themselves
               ,
               and
               will
               need
               but
               little
               labour
               about
               them
               afterwards
               as
               long
               as
               they
               live
               ,
            
             
               And
               hereby
               men
               may
               reape
               
                 every
                 yeare
                 two
                 harvests
                 ,
                 (
                 from
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 piece
                 of
                 land
                 )
              
               the
               one
               of
               Corne
               ,
               the
               other
               of
               
                 fruits
                 of
                 trees
              
               ,
               and
               the
               latter
               (
               when
               trees
               are
               growne
               large
               )
               probably
               will
               be
               the
               greater
               .
            
             
               And
               in
               this
               respect
               this
               way
               of
               
                 improvement
                 of
                 Lands
              
               ,
               is
               much
               better
               then
               other
               
               wayes
               of
               profit
               ;
               because
               in
               getting
               Corne
               ,
               or
               raising
               profits
               by
               any
               other
               wayes
               of
               improvement
               ,
               men
               must
               of
               necessity
               bestow
               much
               
                 money
                 ,
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 paines
              
               about
               them
               every
               yeare
               ,
               which
               eats
               up
               a
               great
               part
               of
               their
               profits
               ,
               but
               in
               
                 Planting
                 fruit-trees
              
               ,
               the
               worst
               is
               at
               first
               ,
               after
               a
               few
               yeares
               they
               yield
               great
               profits
               ,
               with
               little
               cost
               and
               labour
               .
               So
               that
               as
               was
               said
               
                 fruit-trees
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 years
                 with
                 small
                 cost
                 and
                 labour
                 ;
                 will
                 double
                 and
                 treble
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 Lands
                 ,
              
               and
               after
               many
               years
               ,
               the
               advance
               of
               Profit
               will
               be
               manyfold
               .
            
             
               But
               it
               may
               be
               Objected
               ,
               That
               if
               all
               should
               plant
               ,
               
               then
               such
               great
               profits
               could
               not
               be
               made
               ,
               every
               man
               would
               have
               of
               his
               own
               .
            
             
               I
               answer
               :
               that
               if
               all
               should
               plant
               fruit-trees
               that
               may
               conveniently
               plant
               ;
               yet
               would
               there
               be
               multitudes
               every
               where
               to
               buy
               for
               all
               that
               .
               
               For
               consider
               ,
               in
               a
               great
               
                 Citty
                 or
                 Town
              
               ,
               what
               a
               number
               of
               people
               there
               are
               ,
               who
               have
               no
               Lands
               at
               all
               ,
               not
               so
               much
               as
               a
               piece
               of
               ground
               belonging
               to
               their
               house
               ,
               and
               many
               others
               but
               very
               small
               quantities
               ,
               these
               will
               be
               buyers
               of
               the
               husbandmans
               fruits
               ,
               and
               the
               Cider
               and
               Wines
               that
               he
               makes
               of
               them
               .
            
             
               And
               let
               us
               say
               what
               we
               will
               or
               can
               ,
               ther
               's
               many
               that
               have
               Lands
               which
               they
               
               might
               Plant
               ,
               and
               improve
               to
               an
               exceeding
               great
               value
               ,
               who
               will
               yet
               be
               idle
               ,
               and
               sloathfull
               ,
               and
               object
               with
               Solomons
               sluggard
               
                 ther
                 's
                 a
                 Lyon
                 in
                 the
                 may
                 ,
              
               something
               or
               other
               that
               hinders
               :
               yet
               these
               men
               when
               they
               see
               fruits
               ,
               will
               be
               as
               eager
               for
               them
               as
               any
               others
               ,
               and
               therefore
               will
               be
               very
               good
               Chapmen
               to
               buy
               the
               Fruits
               of
               the
               diligent
               husbandman
               .
            
             
               
                 Objections
                 and
                 Discouragements
                 Concerning
                 Planting
                 ;
                 answered
                 .
              
               
                 BEfore
                 I
                 enter
                 upon
                 the
                 work
                 it selfe
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 convenient
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 to
                 Answer
                 some
                 maine
                 Objections
                 ,
                 to
                 remove
                 discouragements
                 about
                 this
                 work
                 of
                 Planting
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 that
                 have
                 kept
                 off
                 many
                 from
                 this
                 profitable
                 imployment
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 still
                 hinder
                 them
                 ,
                 unlesse
                 remov'd
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 I
                 will
                 give
                 some
                 encouragements
                 to
                 it
                 from
                 
                   Diuine
                   ,
                   and
                   Humane
                   Arguments
                   and
                   Testimonies
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 This
                 is
                 an
                 Objection
                 amongst
                 many
                 in
                 the
                 North
                 parts
                 :
                 they
                 say
                 the
                 Northern
                 Countries
                 are
                 so
                 cold
                 ,
                 that
                 Fruit-trees
                 will
                 not
                 prosper
                 nor
                 beare
                 fruits
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 
                 To
                 this
                 I
                 Answer
                 :
                 That
                 although
                 it
                 be
                 true
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Northern
                   Countries
                
                 lye
                 in
                 a
                 
                 more
                 cold
                 Climate
                 then
                 
                   Worcestershire
                   ,
                   Herefordshire
                
                 and
                 those
                 Fruit
                 Countries
                 ,
                 yet
                 I
                 doubt
                 not
                 but
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 as
                 diligent
                 in
                 planting
                 Fruit-trees
                 in
                 the
                 North
                 parts
                 ,
                 as
                 men
                 are
                 in
                 these
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 store
                 of
                 good
                 fruits
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 some
                 Cautions
                 be
                 observed
                 
                   in
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   Trees
                
                 .
                 It
                 s
                 true
                 :
                 
                   Cold
                   Countries
                
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 fit
                 for
                 
                   choice
                   and
                   tender
                   fruits
                
                 ▪
                 as
                 warmer
                 Climates
                 ;
                 but
                 there
                 are
                 diverse
                 kinds
                 of
                 
                   hardy
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 both
                 Apples
                 ,
                 Pears
                 Cherries
                 ,
                 which
                 yearely
                 experience
                 shewes
                 endure
                 cold
                 ,
                 and
                 come
                 to
                 perfection
                 in
                 cold
                 springs
                 ,
                 when
                 many
                 other
                 kinds
                 are
                 spoyled
                 .
                 Procure
                 Grafts
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Young
                   trees
                
                 ready
                 grafted
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 bearing
                 kinds
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 found
                 by
                 experience
                 to
                 beare
                 well
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 cold
                 springs
                 .
                 See
                 pag.
                 53
                 ,
                 54
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Let
                 such
                 kinds
                 therefore
                 be
                 sought
                 for
                 and
                 Planted
                 .
                 Those
                 good
                 husbands
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 diligent
                 in
                 Planting
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 have
                 Fruits
                 answerable
                 .
              
               
                 Others
                 say
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 plant
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 bestow
                 much
                 labour
                 and
                 cost
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 perfection
                 and
                 bearing
                 fruits
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 robd
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 or
                 most
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Trees
                 would
                 be
                 spoiled
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 would
                 Plant
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 serv'd
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 this
                 I
                 Answer
                 :
                 
                 That
                 if
                 there
                 were
                 
                 no
                 remedy
                 against
                 this
                 mischeife
                 ,
                 it
                 might
                 indeed
                 be
                 a
                 just
                 discouragement
                 :
                 but
                 this
                 feare
                 may
                 be
                 removed
                 diverse
                 waies
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 First
                 :
                 I
                 advise
                 ,
                 that
                 having
                 made
                 a
                 good
                 fence
                 about
                 the
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 you
                 keep
                 therein
                 a
                 lusty
                 Mastiffe
                 or
                 two
                 ;
                 that
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 charmed
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 terrour
                 of
                 them
                 will
                 keep
                 men
                 from
                 adventuring
                 upon
                 such
                 an
                 Occasion
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 :
                 some
                 that
                 have
                 good
                 Orchards
                 watch
                 their
                 fruits
                 .
                 If
                 a
                 man
                 keep
                 2
                 ,
                 or
                 3
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 servants
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 watch
                 in
                 their
                 turns
                 ,
                 it
                 s
                 no
                 great
                 matter
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 consider
                 for
                 what
                 time
                 only
                 it
                 is
                 necessary
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 but
                 from
                 the
                 time
                 that
                 fruits
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 worth
                 getting
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 be
                 ripe
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 's
                 not
                 long
                 .
                 And
                 consider
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 a
                 pleasant
                 season
                 of
                 the
                 yeare
                 ,
                 the
                 paines
                 and
                 charge
                 would
                 be
                 but
                 little
                 to
                 the
                 profit
                 :
                 we
                 see
                 men
                 are
                 vigilant
                 &
                 diligent
                 much
                 more
                 then
                 this
                 would
                 require
                 upon
                 far
                 lesse
                 advantages
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 But
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 third
                 means
                 to
                 keep
                 Orchards
                 from
                 being
                 rob'd
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 esteeme
                 best
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 this
                 :
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 every
                 man
                 (
                 that
                 hath
                 land
                 )
                 to
                 plant
                 some
                 Fruit-trees
                 for
                 himselfe
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 they
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 theeves
                 to
                 their
                 neighbours
                 :
                 and
                 let
                 those
                 that
                 have
                 much
                 fruit
                 spare
                 a
                 part
                 to
                 the●
                 that
                 have
                 but
                 little
                 ,
                 or
                 none
                 
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 no
                 niggards
                 but
                 liberall
                 to
                 their
                 neighbours
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 bounty
                 will
                 bring
                 a
                 double
                 blessing
                 ,
                 first
                 from
                 God
                 ,
                 to
                 increase
                 the
                 fruits
                 ;
                 secondly
                 from
                 men
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 diminish
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 I
                 heartily
                 wish
                 that
                 such
                 as
                 make
                 but
                 a
                 sport
                 of
                 robbing
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 
                 would
                 but
                 consider
                 the
                 affliction
                 and
                 terrors
                 of
                 conscience
                 that
                 seised
                 upon
                 good
                 
                   St.
                   Austen
                
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 very
                 sin
                 of
                 robbing
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 guilty
                 of
                 before
                 his
                 Conversion
                 :
                 he
                 confesseth
                 it
                 with
                 much
                 greife
                 ,
                 and
                 aggravates
                 it
                 with
                 no
                 lesse
                 then
                 ten
                 circumstances
                 ,
                 crying
                 earnestly
                 for
                 mercy
                 and
                 pardon
                 :
                 
                   Ecce
                   Cor
                   meum
                   Deus
                   meus
                   ,
                   ecce
                   Cor
                   meum
                   ,
                   quod
                   miseratus
                   es
                   in
                   imo
                   abyssi
                   .
                   &c.
                
                 When
                 God
                 le
                 ts
                 loose
                 the
                 least
                 sin
                 to
                 fight
                 against
                 a
                 man
                 ,
                 and
                 but
                 to
                 shew
                 it selfe
                 in
                 its
                 proper
                 shape
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 terrifie
                 the
                 stoutest
                 heart
                 :
                 
                   A
                   wounded
                   spirit
                   who
                   can
                   beare
                   ?
                
              
               
                 But
                 there
                 is
                 another
                 Objection
                 greater
                 then
                 the
                 former
                 :
                 
                 Men
                 usually
                 say
                 ,
                 should
                 we
                 plant
                 Fruit-trees
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 so
                 long
                 ere
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 perfection
                 ,
                 and
                 bearing
                 fruits
                 ,
                 that
                 out
                 hopes
                 would
                 faint
                 before
                 we
                 could
                 see
                 profit
                 of
                 our
                 labours
                 ,
                 perhaps
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 beare
                 fruits
                 of
                 Sixteen
                 ,
                 or
                 Twenty
                 yeares
                 growth
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 Answer
                 first
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 though
                 the
                 Objection
                 
                 on
                 were
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 trees
                 Planted
                 would
                 be
                 long
                 ere
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 bearing
                 fruits
                 ,
                 perhaps
                 20
                 yeares
                 or
                 more
                 ,
                 yet
                 this
                 should
                 not
                 discourage
                 us
                 ;
                 especially
                 such
                 as
                 may
                 have
                 good
                 hopes
                 to
                 enjoy
                 the
                 profits
                 and
                 pleasures
                 of
                 them
                 many
                 yeares
                 after
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 leave
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 Children
                 and
                 to
                 posterity
                 after
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 secondly
                 ,
                 men
                 are
                 generally
                 mistaken
                 upon
                 this
                 Accompt
                 ,
                 Fruit-trees
                 rightly
                 ordered
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 long
                 ere
                 they
                 beare
                 fruits
                 as
                 they
                 suppose
                 :
                 I
                 shall
                 shew
                 a
                 way
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 Planting
                 Fruit
                 trees
                 ,
                 and
                 ordering
                 of
                 them
                 as
                 I
                 give
                 directions
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 blessing
                 of
                 a
                 divine
                 hand
                 that
                 still
                 attends
                 honest
                 labours
                 )
                 we
                 may
                 receive
                 Profits
                 from
                 them
                 in
                 halfe
                 
                   Twenty
                   years
                
                 yea
                 in
                 
                   halfe
                   that
                   halfe
                
                 ,
                 yea
                 in
                 lesse
                 then
                 in
                 
                   five
                   yeares
                
                 :
                 sometimes
                 the
                 third
                 ,
                 sometime●
                 the
                 second
                 yeare
                 ,
                 (
                 of
                 many
                 kinds
                 of
                 fruit-trees
                 )
                 after
                 Grafting
                 :
                 Experience
                 prove●
                 it
                 ,
                 though
                 we
                 must
                 know
                 ,
                 the
                 fruit
                 cannot
                 be
                 much
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 trees
                 are
                 so
                 small
                 ,
                 o●
                 particulars
                 :
                 yet
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 such
                 tree
                 will
                 afford
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 fruits
                 :
                 
                   A
                   Cistern●
                   of
                   water
                   is
                   but
                   a
                   multitude
                   of
                   drops
                   .
                
              
               
                 So
                 then
                 ;
                 that
                 Fruit-trees
                 may
                 be
                 planted
                 and
                 come
                 to
                 bearing
                 fruits
                 in
                 5
                 ,
                 4
                 ,
                 or
                 3
                 years
                 ,
                 or
                 sooner
                 ,
                 the
                 meanes
                 is
                 shew'd
                 a
                 large
                 in
                 the
                 ensuing
                 worke
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 I
                 hope
                 
                 
                   ●his
                   grand
                   discouragement
                
                 (
                 which
                 hath
                 ●o
                 long
                 and
                 so
                 generally
                 kept
                 men
                 from
                 his
                 profitable
                 work
                 )
                 will
                 be
                 remov'd
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 promis'd
                 )
                 I
                 will
                 lay
                 down
                 ●ome
                 
                   Excitements
                   ,
                   and
                   Encouragements
                
                 to
                 ●he
                 worke
                 of
                 
                   Planting
                   fruit-trees
                
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 large
                 workes
                 have
                 been
                 composed
                 by
                 Ancient
                 Authors
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Instru●tion
                 of
                 the
                 husbandman
                 in
                 this
                 his
                 princi●all
                 worke
                 :
                 And
                 they
                 have
                 given
                 this
                 imployment
                 many
                 and
                 great
                 commendations
                 and
                 praises
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 accounted
                 by
                 them
                 the
                 cheifest
                 of
                 all
                 earthly
                 imployments
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 many
                 
                   Profits
                   and
                   Pleasures
                
                 ,
                 that
                 come
                 by
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 because
                 it
                 shall
                 appeare
                 what
                 ●pinion
                 and
                 esteeme
                 they
                 have
                 had
                 of
                 this
                 course
                 of
                 life
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 what
                 Praises
                 they
                 have
                 set
                 it
                 forth
                 ,
                 I
                 will
                 give
                 you
                 the
                 particular
                 expressions
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 owne
                 words
                 ;
                 And
                 then
                 give
                 the
                 ●mme
                 of
                 what
                 they
                 have
                 said
                 to
                 the
                 plain
                 husbandman
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 that
                 else
                 could
                 not
                 understand
                 them
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Agricultura
                 quid
                 sit
                 .
              
               
                 MIHI
                 videtur
                 nihil
                 aliud
                 esse
                 Agriculturam
                 quam
                 inspectâ
                 Plantae
                 na●urâ
                 &
                 Coeli
                 &
                 terrae
                 ei
                 idoneum
                 cultum
                 ribuere
                 ,
                 &
                 (
                 ut
                 ita
                 dicam
                 )
                 coelum
                 cum
                 ●erra
                 maritare
                 ,
                 vel
                 societatem
                 perquirere
                 
                 Coeli
                 &
                 terrae
                 ad
                 Arbores
                 :
                 Sed
                 quum
                 Coelu●
                 nullo
                 modo
                 queat
                 flecti
                 ,
                 oportet
                 ut
                 sedu●●
                 Agricola
                 situs
                 varietate
                 utatur
                 ,
                 ut
                 C●●
                 facilè
                 Planta
                 associetur
                 .
                 Agricoloe
                 ad
                 dusmetas
                 intendere
                 debent
                 ,
                 ad
                 utilitatem
                 ,
                 &
                 ●●
                 l●ptatem
                 .
                 Agricultura
                 est
                 Ars
                 quae
                 do●
                 usuram
                 cum
                 terra
                 facere
                 .
                 Inter
                 omnia
                 en●●
                 quae
                 utilitatem
                 simul
                 &
                 jucunditatem
                 parunt
                 ,
                 ut
                 ambiguum
                 sit
                 utilitatisue
                 an
                 amaentatis
                 plus
                 habeat
                 .
                 Variis
                 fructibus
                 delecte●
                 non
                 tempore
                 uno
                 sed
                 diversis
                 ,
                 alio
                 renascen●
                 alio
                 decidente
                 ,
                 ut
                 unusquisque
                 ex
                 industriây
                 cunditate
                 te
                 afficere
                 sataget
                 :
                 Rami
                 fructib●
                 onerati
                 pondere
                 incurvantur
                 ,
                 ac
                 se
                 iu●●
                 decumbenti
                 offerunt
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Aspice
                   curvatos
                   Pomorum
                   pondere
                   ramo●
                
                 
                   Ut
                   sua
                   quod
                   peperit
                   vix
                   ferat
                   Arbor
                   onu●
                
              
               
                 O
                 quam
                 dulcissimum
                 est
                 fructus
                 ex
                 Arbor●
                 bus
                 quas
                 sevisti
                 ,
                 inseruisti
                 ,
                 &
                 coluisti
                 ,
                 pr●
                 priis
                 manibus
                 colligere
                 ,
                 &
                 Amicis
                 ,
                 ag●ati●
                 que
                 jactabundus
                 largiri
                 .
                 Est
                 &
                 alia
                 Arboribus
                 delectatio
                 ,
                 Avium
                 scilicet
                 modilatio
                 ,
                 ac
                 ex
                 variorum
                 multitudine
                 dulcissin
                 us
                 efficitur
                 concentus
                 :
                 Auresque
                 cantib●●
                 demulcent
                 suis
                 ,
                 
                   
                     Aves
                     canoros
                     garrulae
                     fundunt
                     sonos
                     :
                  
                   
                     Et
                     semper
                     Aures
                     cantibus
                     mulcent
                     suis.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 Theophrastus
                 Hortum
                 juxta
                 aedes
                 colloc●
                 vit
                 ,
                 quem
                 moriens
                 testamento
                 Philosophant●
                 bus
                 reliquit
                 :
                 Democritus
                 Abderites
                 pro●
                 
                 hortum
                 Cellam
                 habuit
                 .
                 Palemon
                 Atheniensis
                 ●n
                 hortis
                 docebat
                 .
                 Laidis
                 Cyrenei
                 in
                 hortis
                 chola
                 fuit
                 ,
                 quos
                 Attalus
                 Rex
                 aedificavit
                 .
                 Quid
                 enim
                 hoc
                 opere
                 innocentius
                 vacantibus
                 ,
                 
                 &
                 quid
                 plenius
                 magnâ
                 consideratione
                 pru●entibus
                 ;
                 
                 quid
                 majus
                 mirabil●ùsque
                 spectacu●um
                 est
                 ,
                 quam
                 c●m
                 positis
                 seminibus
                 ,
                 Plan
                 ●atis
                 surculis
                 ,
                 translatis
                 Arbusculis
                 ,
                 insitis
                 ●alleolis
                 ,
                 tanquam
                 interrogatur
                 quaeque
                 (
                 vis
                 ●adicis
                 &
                 germinis
                 )
                 quid
                 possit
                 ,
                 quidve
                 non
                 ●ossit
                 ,
                 unde
                 possit
                 ,
                 unde
                 non
                 possit
                 ;
                 cum
                 rerum
                 ●atura
                 humana
                 ratio
                 quodammodo
                 loqui
                 ●otest
                 ,
                 quid
                 in
                 ea
                 valeat
                 numerorum
                 invi●bilis
                 interiorque
                 potentia
                 :
                 quid
                 extrinsecus
                 ●dhibita
                 diligentia
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 ipsa
                 consideratione
                 perspicere
                 :
                 quia
                 neque
                 qui
                 plantat
                 est
                 aliquid
                 ,
                 neque
                 qui
                 rigat
                 ,
                 sed
                 Deus
                 qui
                 dat
                 in
                 rementum
                 .
                 Mira
                 est
                 &
                 inexplicabilis
                 horti
                 ●ommoditas
                 :
                 nam
                 si
                 necessitatem
                 considero
                 ,
                 Agricutura
                 tanto
                 est
                 humano
                 generi
                 emolu●ento
                 ;
                 ut
                 eâ
                 carere
                 nullo
                 modo
                 possis
                 ;
                 si
                 ●tilitatem
                 ,
                 inter
                 primas
                 non
                 postrema
                 ,
                 aut
                 ●uaenam
                 illi
                 poterit
                 comparari
                 :
                 si
                 voluptatem
                 ●ignitati
                 commistam
                 ,
                 ea
                 est
                 excellentia
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Much
                 ,
                 more
                 they
                 speake
                 in
                 praise
                 of
                 ●his
                 worke
                 ,
                 which
                 here
                 (
                 for
                 brevity
                 sake
                 )
                 shall
                 omit
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 that
                 the
                 husbandman
                 (
                 and
                 every
                 ●ue
                 )
                 may
                 understand
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 said
                 ●y
                 these
                 Authors
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 I
                 will
                 give
                 more
                 plainly
                 the
                 summe
                 of
                 all
                 .
              
               
               
                 They
                 define
                 husbandry
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 Ar●
                 teaching
                 men
                 lawfull
                 usury
                 with
                 the
                 earth●
                 And
                 that
                 it
                 seemes
                 cheifly
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 searching
                 ,
                 and
                 finding
                 out
                 the
                 nature
                 Plants
                 and
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Heavens
                 an●
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 to
                 give
                 unto
                 Plan●●
                 fit
                 place
                 and
                 ordering
                 ;
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Soyle
                 and
                 Climate
                 ;
                 And
                 (
                 a●
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 to
                 marry
                 and
                 match
                 together
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 and
                 Earth
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 procure
                 a
                 society
                 ,
                 and
                 neere
                 fellowship
                 between
                 heaven
                 and
                 earth
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 increase
                 and
                 benefit
                 o●
                 Trees
                 and
                 Plants
                 :
                 But
                 seeing
                 that
                 the
                 heavens
                 can
                 by
                 no
                 meanes
                 be
                 bowed
                 ,
                 o●
                 brought
                 neerer
                 to
                 us
                 ,
                 therefore
                 it
                 mu●●
                 be
                 the
                 skill
                 ,
                 and
                 diligence
                 of
                 the
                 hu●●bandman
                 to
                 place
                 and
                 set
                 his
                 Trees
                 in
                 such
                 sort
                 that
                 the
                 heavens
                 may
                 give
                 their
                 influence
                 and
                 warmth
                 ,
                 for
                 encrease
                 and
                 refreshing
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Husbandmen
                 ough●
                 to
                 make
                 Accompt
                 of
                 two
                 harvests
                 yearly
                 the
                 one
                 of
                 Profit
                 the
                 other
                 of
                 Pleasure
                 for
                 when
                 a
                 man
                 hath
                 done
                 what
                 is
                 necessary
                 for
                 his
                 life
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 proceeds
                 profit
                 besides
                 all
                 that
                 ,
                 great
                 Pleasure
                 springs
                 from
                 the
                 Profit
                 :
                 and
                 what
                 greater
                 pleasure
                 can
                 there
                 be
                 then
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 Accompanie●
                 with
                 Profit
                 .
                 Now
                 of
                 all
                 estates
                 of
                 life
                 the
                 husbandman
                 may
                 chiefly
                 challenge
                 this
                 t●
                 himselfe
                 ,
                 yea
                 it
                 is
                 questionable
                 whether
                 
                 the
                 Profit
                 or
                 Pleasure
                 of
                 his
                 life
                 be
                 the
                 greater
                 :
                 God
                 when
                 he
                 would
                 make
                 the
                 life
                 of
                 man
                 Pleasant
                 unto
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 him
                 into
                 an
                 Orchard
                 or
                 Garden
                 of
                 delights
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 labour
                 therein
                 with
                 pleasure
                 of
                 mind
                 :
                 There
                 a
                 man
                 is
                 delighted
                 with
                 variety
                 of
                 Fruits
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 not
                 in
                 one
                 sea
                 ,
                 son
                 only
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 diverse
                 seasons
                 of
                 the
                 yeare
                 ,
                 some
                 young
                 and
                 springing
                 forth
                 ,
                 while
                 diverse
                 other
                 kinds
                 are
                 ready
                 to
                 fall
                 with
                 ripenesse
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 a
                 man
                 doth
                 even
                 busy
                 himselfe
                 with
                 the
                 choice
                 of
                 such
                 varieties
                 .
                 The
                 Boughs
                 burthened
                 with
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 Fruits
                 do
                 bow
                 to
                 thee
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 lowly
                 manner
                 offer
                 their
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Poet
                 notes
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Behold
                   the
                   bending
                   Boughs
                   ,
                   with
                   store
                   of
                   Fruits
                   they
                   teare
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   what
                   they
                   have
                   brought
                   forth
                   ,
                   (
                   for
                   weight
                   )
                   they
                   scarce
                   can
                   beare
                   .
                
              
               
                 Oh
                 how
                 sweet
                 and
                 pleasant
                 is
                 the
                 fruit
                 of
                 those
                 Trees
                 which
                 a
                 man
                 hath
                 Planted
                 and
                 ordered
                 with
                 his
                 owne
                 hand
                 ,
                 to
                 gather
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 largly
                 and
                 freely
                 to
                 bestow
                 and
                 distribute
                 it
                 among
                 his
                 kindred
                 and
                 friends
                 .
              
               
                 Yea
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 delight
                 to
                 heare
                 the
                 pleasant
                 tunes
                 ,
                 and
                 singing
                 of
                 Birds
                 ,
                 which
                 with
                 their
                 variety
                 of
                 notes
                 ,
                 make
                 a
                 sweet
                 harmony
                 and
                 concent
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 please
                 and
                 
                 allure
                 the
                 sence
                 
                   So
                   the
                   Poet
                
                 ,
                 
                   
                     Melodious
                     Ditties
                     chirping
                     Birds
                     indite
                  
                   
                     whose
                     pleasant
                     songs
                     our
                     ravisht
                     eares
                     invite
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 Theophrastus
                 planted
                 an
                 Orchard
                 close
                 to
                 his
                 dwelling
                 house
                 ,
                 which
                 when
                 he
                 died
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 to
                 students
                 and
                 lovers
                 of
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 and
                 wisdome
                 .
                 Democritus
                 had
                 his
                 Chamber
                 neer
                 to
                 a
                 garden
                 .
                 Many
                 Philosophers
                 have
                 taught
                 their
                 schollers
                 in
                 
                   Orchards
                   and
                   Gardens
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                 What
                 worke
                 is
                 more
                 innocent
                 then
                 
                   Planting
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 more
                 full
                 of
                 high
                 speculations
                 to
                 wise
                 men
                 then
                 it
                 is
                 :
                 What
                 is
                 more
                 wonderfull
                 to
                 behold
                 then
                 (
                 in
                 sowing
                 seeds
                 ,
                 in
                 planting
                 sprigs
                 ,
                 in
                 removing
                 young
                 Trees
                 ,
                 in
                 graf●ing
                 new
                 shoots
                 or
                 grafts
                 )
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 to
                 aske
                 and
                 demand
                 with
                 a
                 mans
                 selfe
                 ,
                 what
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 nature
                 and
                 virtue
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 and
                 Branches
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 or
                 what
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 for
                 what
                 reason
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 or
                 not
                 done
                 (
                 seeing
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 things
                 may
                 after
                 a
                 sort
                 be
                 declared
                 by
                 reason
                 )
                 what
                 of
                 many
                 things
                 is
                 of
                 force
                 ,
                 and
                 effect
                 ,
                 by
                 an
                 invisible
                 and
                 inward
                 power
                 ,
                 and
                 nature
                 ,
                 what
                 diligence
                 is
                 outwardly
                 to
                 be
                 used
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 In
                 which
                 consideration
                 and
                 search
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 see
                 and
                 understand
                 these
                 things
                 .
                 Yet
                 for
                 all
                 that
                 ,
                 neither
                 he
                 that
                 Plants
                 is
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 nor
                 he
                 that
                 waters
                 ,
                 but
                 
                 God
                 that
                 gives
                 the
                 encrease
                 .
              
               
                 
                   They
                   accompt
                
                 this
                 course
                 of
                 life
                 free
                 from
                 many
                 mischeifes
                 ,
                 and
                 vexations
                 ,
                 that
                 neces●arily
                 a●tend
                 other
                 affaires
                 :
                 great
                 and
                 many
                 cares
                 ,
                 and
                 troubles
                 are
                 found
                 in
                 honours
                 ,
                 and
                 high
                 places
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 course
                 of
                 life
                 about
                 
                   Orchards
                   and
                   Gardens
                
                 ,
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 sweet
                 rest
                 ,
                 honest
                 businesse
                 ,
                 and
                 modest
                 pleasures
                 ,
                 which
                 many
                 famous
                 &
                 learned
                 men
                 have
                 had
                 recourse
                 unto
                 for
                 refreshment
                 after
                 study
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 labours
                 :
                 It
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 honest
                 profit
                 and
                 gaine
                 ,
                 and
                 brings
                 and
                 administers
                 all
                 necessaries
                 :
                 here
                 a
                 man
                 enjoyes
                 pleasant
                 quietnesse
                 and
                 tranquillity
                 of
                 mind
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 seldome
                 attained
                 by
                 those
                 that
                 follow
                 
                   State
                   Imployments
                
                 :
                 This
                 is
                 worthy
                 the
                 exercise
                 of
                 wise
                 men
                 ,
                 of
                 good
                 men
                 ,
                 of
                 learned
                 men
                 ,
                 of
                 Kings
                 and
                 Emperours
                 :
                 they
                 have
                 taken
                 great
                 delight
                 in
                 the
                 study
                 and
                 practice
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 :
                 This
                 course
                 of
                 life
                 is
                 far
                 off
                 from
                 covetousnesse
                 ,
                 &
                 even
                 tied
                 and
                 married
                 to
                 all
                 Offices
                 of
                 love
                 and
                 friendship
                 :
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 quiet
                 &
                 pleasant
                 life
                 ,
                 worthy
                 to
                 be
                 preferred
                 before
                 all
                 honours
                 &
                 dignities
                 :
                 
                   This
                   culture
                   of
                   the
                   ground
                   ,
                   and
                   planting
                   and
                   ordering
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                
                 Occasions
                 search
                 and
                 enquiry
                 into
                 many
                 secrets
                 profitable
                 to
                 men
                 ,
                 which
                 bring
                 unto
                 them
                 ample
                 satisfaction
                 :
                 yea
                 the
                 excellency
                 
                 and
                 worthinesse
                 of
                 Husbandry
                 is
                 surpassing
                 ,
                 it
                 excells
                 all
                 other
                 Arts
                 ,
                 and
                 appeares
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Lady
                   or
                   Mistris
                
                 ,
                 they
                 as
                 Servants
                 attending
                 her
                 .
                 Many
                 of
                 the
                 Ancients
                 have
                 largely
                 declared
                 unto
                 us
                 the
                 nature
                 and
                 use
                 of
                 Plants
                 and
                 Trees
                 before
                 all
                 other
                 living
                 creatures
                 .
                 The
                 profit
                 of
                 a
                 
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 is
                 wonderfull
                 ,
                 and
                 cannot
                 well
                 be
                 declared
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 Antiquity
                 can
                 adde
                 any
                 noblenesse
                 ,
                 and
                 worth
                 to
                 a
                 thing
                 ,
                 what
                 imployment
                 then
                 before
                 this
                 ?
                 what
                 more
                 ancient
                 then
                 the
                 labour
                 of
                 the
                 Husbandman
                 .
                 Husbandmen
                 are
                 called
                 
                   Honest
                   and
                   good
                   men
                
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 their
                 innocent
                 and
                 just
                 life
                 .
                 Cicero
                 esteemde
                 it
                 best
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 labours
                 ,
                 nothing
                 more
                 rich
                 and
                 profitable
                 ,
                 nothing
                 more
                 delightfull
                 ,
                 nothing
                 more
                 worthy
                 a
                 generous
                 spirit
                 then
                 it
                 .
                 In
                 former
                 times
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 honoured
                 &
                 carried
                 in
                 triumph
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 honoured
                 with
                 
                   Gold
                   ,
                   Pearles
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 such
                 pretious
                 things
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Boughs
                   and
                   Branches
                   of
                   Trees
                
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 their
                 Games
                 and
                 exercises
                 ,
                 who
                 so
                 got
                 the
                 Prize
                 were
                 crowned
                 
                   with
                   th●
                   branches
                   of
                   certaine
                   Trees
                   ,
                
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Oliv●
                   ,
                   Palme
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 Such
                 as
                 got
                 the
                 
                   Conquest
                   and
                   Victory
                
                 of
                 their
                 enemies
                 were
                 crowned
                 with
                 the
                 Lawrell
                 which
                 was
                 to
                 them
                 a
                 signe
                 of
                 Victory
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 their
                 feasts
                 they
                 
                 gave
                 
                   Crowns
                   and
                   Garlands
                   of
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   Branches
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                
                 in
                 token
                 of
                 mirth
                 and
                 pleasure
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 if
                 this
                 labour
                 receive
                 honour
                 from
                 the
                 persons
                 that
                 have
                 beene
                 conversant
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 then
                 it
                 is
                 
                   a
                   Kingly
                   Art
                
                 ,
                 and
                 chiefest
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 ;
                 
                 
                   Cyrus
                   King
                   of
                   Persia
                
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 all
                 the
                 Kindomes
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 given
                 to
                 him
                 )
                 was
                 diligent
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 exact
                 in
                 the
                 handling
                 of
                 it
                 :
                 He
                 planted
                 
                   Orchards
                   and
                   Gardens
                   of
                   Fruit-tree
                
                 .
                 with
                 his
                 owne
                 hand
                 ,
                 which
                 when
                 Lysander
                 saw
                 ,
                 he
                 admired
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 excellen●
                 and
                 singular
                 order
                 &
                 disposition
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   O
                   Cyrus
                
                 ,
                 right
                 blessed
                 shall
                 all
                 men
                 call
                 thee
                 ,
                 because
                 to
                 thy
                 dignity
                 and
                 Crowne
                 thou
                 hast
                 joyned
                 this
                 care
                 ,
                 and
                 course
                 of
                 life
                 .
              
               
                 Telephanes
                 tilled
                 the
                 ground
                 and
                 
                   planted
                   Trees
                
                 among
                 his
                 subjects
                 .
                 
                   Elizeus
                   Spartanus
                   planted
                   spacious
                   and
                   large
                   Orchards
                   ,
                
                 and
                 used
                 therein
                 to
                 Feast
                 and
                 Banquet
                 with
                 his
                 children
                 and
                 friends
                 ,
                 
                   Kings
                   ,
                   Emperours
                
                 ,
                 &
                 highest
                 powers
                 were
                 not
                 ashamed
                 to
                 perform
                 the
                 workes
                 belonging
                 to
                 an
                 Orchard
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 hands
                 :
                 Divers
                 
                   Emperours
                   of
                   Rome
                
                 had
                 
                   Gardens
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 performed
                 the
                 workes
                 therein
                 with
                 delight
                 :
                 
                   Dioclesian
                   Emperour
                   of
                   Rome
                
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 reigned
                 
                   twenty
                   years
                
                 ,
                 betooke
                 himselfe
                 to
                 a
                 private
                 life
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 
                   Planted
                   Orchards
                   and
                   Gardens
                
                 with
                 his
                 owne
                 hand
                 ,
                 wherein
                 he
                 took
                 such
                 delight
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 intreated
                 to
                 take
                 upon
                 him
                 again
                 the
                 
                   Government
                   of
                   the
                   Empire
                   :
                   Solomon
                
                 (
                 the
                 wisest
                 of
                 all
                 Kings
                 )
                 had
                 
                   Orchards
                   and
                   Gardens
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 took
                 pleasure
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 spake
                 of
                 all
                 Trees
                 from
                 the
                 Cedar
                 even
                 to
                 the
                 Shrub
                 .
              
               
                 Mascali
                 sets
                 out
                 this
                 Art
                 with
                 admirable
                 praises
                 ,
                 he
                 saies
                 ,
                 among
                 all
                 sciences
                 ,
                 and
                 goodly
                 exercises
                 for
                 men
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 none
                 do
                 more
                 refresh
                 the
                 spirits
                 ,
                 nor
                 cause
                 more
                 admiration
                 in
                 the
                 effects
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 or
                 is
                 more
                 profitable
                 for
                 mans
                 life
                 then
                 is
                 the
                 skill
                 of
                 
                   Planting
                   and
                   Grafting
                
                 .
                 Many
                 great
                 
                   Lords
                   and
                   Noble
                   Personages
                
                 have
                 left
                 their
                 Theaters
                 and
                 goodly
                 exercises
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 given
                 themselves
                 to
                 
                   Plan●ing
                   and
                   Grafting
                
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 imployments
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 commended
                 nothing
                 more
                 then
                 this
                 imployment
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Senators
                   ,
                   Dictators
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Consuls
                   of
                   the
                   Romans
                
                 have
                 commended
                 
                   Planting
                   and
                   Grafting
                
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 flourishing
                 labours
                 in
                 the
                 world
                 for
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 Yea
                 they
                 did
                 so
                 much
                 esteeme
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 did
                 hang
                 Tables
                 there
                 ▪
                 of
                 in
                 divers
                 places
                 ,
                 never
                 thinking
                 the
                 time
                 more
                 aptly
                 spent
                 ,
                 then
                 in
                 
                   Planting
                   and
                   Grafting
                
                 .
                 Many
                 worthy
                 &
                 learned
                 men
                 ,
                 both
                 ancient
                 and
                 of
                 late
                 daies
                 ,
                 have
                 written
                 
                 for
                 their
                 Country
                 and
                 Common-wealth
                 of
                 the
                 
                   fruitfull
                   Art
                   of
                   Grafting
                   and
                   Planting
                   .
                
              
               
                 M.
                 Bolton
                 saies
                 ,
                 
                   Vineyards
                   ,
                   Orchards
                   ,
                   Gardens
                
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 
                   inclosed
                   Plats
                
                 ,
                 are
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 )
                 the
                 
                   Flowers
                   ,
                   Starres
                   ,
                   &
                   Paradises
                
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 the
                 Lord
                 Bacon
                 (
                 in
                 his
                 
                   Essaies
                   ,
                   pag.
                
                 266.
                 )
                 saies
                 ,
                 
                   Gardens
                   are
                   the
                   purest
                   of
                   humane
                   pleasures
                   ,
                   the
                   greatest
                   refreshments
                   of
                   the
                   spirits
                   of
                   man
                   ,
                   without
                   which
                   Buildings
                   and
                   Pallaces
                   are
                   but
                   grosse
                   handy
                   works
                   .
                
              
               
                 THus
                 have
                 I
                 shewed
                 (
                 briefly
                 )
                 what
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Ancients
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 late
                 Writers
                 have
                 said
                 ,
                 and
                 esteemed
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Husbandm●ns
                 course
                 of
                 life
                 ,
                 and
                 imployments
                 about
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 will
                 now
                 say
                 something
                 more
                 
                   of
                   the
                   dignity
                   and
                   value
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   Planting
                
                 from
                 
                   Divine
                   &
                   Humane
                   Arguments
                   and
                   Testimonies
                   ,
                
                 and
                 after
                 that
                 I
                 shall
                 enter
                 upon
                 the
                 work
                 it selfe
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 it
                 be
                 absurd
                 for
                 a
                 man
                 to
                 commend
                 himselfe
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 may
                 commend
                 his
                 
                   Calling
                   and
                   profession
                   :
                   Paul
                
                 would
                 not
                 boast
                 of
                 himselfe
                 '
                 yet
                 faith
                 he
                 ,
                 Rom.
                 11.13
                 .
                 
                   I
                   magnifie
                   mine
                   Office.
                
                 Suffer
                 me
                 therefore
                 (
                 for
                 Encouragement
                 to
                 all
                 in
                 the
                 work
                 ,
                 )
                 to
                 say
                 something
                 in
                 praise
                 of
                 
                 
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   employment
                   about
                   them
                   ,
                
                 it
                 being
                 a
                 worke
                 so
                 full
                 of
                 Profit
                 and
                 Pleasure
                 in
                 the
                 life
                 of
                 man
                 :
                 The
                 
                   workes
                   of
                   God
                   are
                   laudable
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   a
                   dignity
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                
                 and
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 ,
                 praised
                 ,
                 and
                 admired
                 ,
                 not
                 for
                 themselves
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 Author
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 through
                 ,
                 &
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 may
                 have
                 the
                 more
                 praise
                 Psalm
                 .
                 111.3
                 .
                 
                   His
                   worke
                   is
                   worthy
                   to
                   be
                   praised
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   in
                   honour
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 Arguments
                 of
                 the
                 dignity
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 Art
                 of
                 Planting
                 .
              
               
                 
                 ONE
                 
                   Divine
                   Argument
                
                 of
                 the
                 dignity
                 ,
                 and
                 value
                 of
                 
                   Plants
                   ,
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Art
                   of
                   Planting
                
                 may
                 be
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 
                   It
                   was
                   Adams
                   imployment
                   in
                   his
                   innocency
                   to
                   keepe
                   and
                   order
                   the
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                
                 Gen.
                 2.15
                 .
                 
                   And
                   the
                   Lord
                   God
                   put
                   him
                   into
                   the
                   Garden
                   of
                   Eden
                   to
                   dresse
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   keep
                   it
                   .
                
              
               
                 God
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 is
                 wisdome
                 it selfe
                 ,
                 saw
                 that
                 a
                 
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 was
                 the
                 meetest
                 place
                 upon
                 all
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 for
                 Adam
                 to
                 dwell
                 in
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 his
                 state
                 of
                 perfection
                 :
                 And
                 therein
                 assigned
                 him
                 
                   an
                   imployment
                
                 for
                 his
                 greater
                 delight
                 ,
                 and
                 pleasure
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 
                   this
                   imployment
                
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 ancient
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 is
                 honourable
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Augustin
                 is
                 of
                 opinion
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 
                   dressing
                   
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                
                 ,
                 was
                 as
                 well
                 an
                 exercise
                 of
                 the
                 hand
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 the
                 mind
                 ,
                 not
                 with
                 toyle-somenesse
                 &
                 trouble
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 delight
                 ,
                 and
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 
                   Non
                   erat
                   laboris
                   afflictio
                   ,
                   sed
                   exhileratio
                   voluntatis
                   ,
                   quum
                   ea
                   quae
                   Deus
                   creaverat
                   ,
                   humani
                   operis
                   adjutorio
                   ,
                   laetius
                   ,
                   feraciusque
                   provenirent
                   ,
                   Creator
                   ipse
                   uberius
                   laudaretur
                   .
                
                 That
                 things
                 created
                 in
                 the
                 Garden
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 labour
                 ,
                 might
                 be
                 made
                 more
                 fruitfull
                 ,
                 and
                 God
                 thereby
                 have
                 the
                 more
                 glory
                 .
                 
              
               
                 The
                 second
                 
                   Divine
                   Argument
                
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Plants
                   were
                   the
                   first
                   animate
                   bodies
                   that
                   God
                   created
                   :
                   And
                   fruits
                   of
                   Trees
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   food
                   that
                   was
                   given
                   to
                   man
                   ,
                   his
                   food
                   appointed
                   by
                   God
                   ,
                   even
                   in
                   his
                   perfect
                   Condition
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   And
                   God
                   said
                   ▪
                   behold
                   I
                   have
                   given
                   you
                   every
                   hearb
                   bearing
                   seed
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   upon
                   the
                   face
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   &
                   every
                   Tree
                   in
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   fruit
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   yeelding
                   seed
                   ,
                   to
                   you
                   it
                   shall
                   be
                   for
                   meat
                   ,
                
                 Gen.
                 1.29
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 
                   Divine
                   Argument
                
                 is
                 from
                 examples
                 in
                 Scripture
                 of
                 
                   Planting
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 &
                 of
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 
                   Orchards
                   and
                   Gardens
                
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 .
                 
                 God
                 (
                 blessed
                 for
                 ever
                 )
                 planted
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 
                 
                   or
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 
                 Gen.
                 2.8
                 .
                 
                   And
                   the
                   Lord
                   God
                   planted
                   a
                   Garden
                   Eastward
                   in
                   Eden
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   he
                   put
                   the
                   man
                   whom
                   he
                   had
                   formed
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 
                 
                   God
                   planted
                   a
                   Fruit-garden
                
                 ;
                 That
                 is
                 ,
                 
                   He
                   caused
                   a
                   parcell
                   of
                   ground
                   to
                   bring
                   forth
                   Plants
                   and
                   Trees
                   most
                   exquisite
                   and
                   usefull
                   for
                   man
                   ,
                   and
                   enriched
                   that
                   place
                   with
                   more
                   fruit-fulnesse
                   and
                   beauty
                   ,
                   then
                   any
                   other
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   called
                   it
                
                 EDEN
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 
                   a
                   place
                   of
                   Pleasures
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                 And
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 ,
                 this
                 
                   Region
                   of
                   Eden
                
                 (
                 afterwards
                 called
                 Mesopotamia
                 )
                 is
                 exceeding
                 fruitfull
                 ,
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 best
                 Climate
                 35
                 
                   degrees
                   from
                   the
                   Equinoctiall
                   ,
                   and
                
                 55.
                 
                   from
                   the
                   North-pole
                
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Climate
                 the
                 most
                 excellent
                 
                   fruits
                   ,
                   Oyles
                   .
                   Graines
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 are
                 found
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 we
                 have
                 for
                 our
                 example
                 herein
                 that
                 good
                 ,
                 &
                 holy
                 man
                 ,
                 who
                 found
                 grace
                 in
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 when
                 all
                 the
                 world
                 (
                 save
                 a
                 few
                 with
                 him
                 )
                 perish●
                 ,
                 Gen.
                 9.20
                 .
                 
                   And
                   Noah
                   began
                   to
                   bee
                   an
                   husbandman
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   planted
                   a
                   Vineyard
                   .
                
                 Or
                 as
                 some
                 conceive
                 ,
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 
                   prune
                   and
                   dresse
                   the
                   plants
                
                 that
                 were
                 set
                 before
                 the
                 Flood
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 order
                 them
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 yeeld
                 their
                 fruits
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 We
                 have
                 for
                 our
                 example
                 herein
                 the
                 friend
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 faithful
                 Abraham
                 ,
                 Gen.
                 21.33
                 .
                 
                   And
                   Abraham
                   planted
                   a
                   Grove
                   in
                   Beersheba
                   ,
                   and
                   called
                   there
                   on
                   the
                   name
                   of
                   the
                   Lord
                   ,
                   the
                   everlasting
                   God.
                   
                
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 fitnesse
                 of
                 these
                 shades
                 by
                 
                 
                   Arbours
                   ,
                   Seats
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   close
                   walks
                   in
                   Orchards
                
                 for
                 contemplation
                 ,
                 and
                 private
                 exercises
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 speak
                 hereafter
                 .
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 
                 King
                 Vzziah
                 delighted
                 in
                 this
                 imployment
                 ,
                 2
                 Chro.
                 26.10
                 .
                 
                   Vzziah
                   had
                   husbandmen
                   and
                   dressers
                   of
                   Vines
                   in
                   the
                   Mountaines
                   and
                   in
                   Carmell
                   ,
                   for
                   he
                   loved
                   husbandry
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 King
                 raigned
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 in
                 
                   Ierusalem
                   over
                   Iuda
                
                 ,
                 fifty
                 and
                 two
                 yeares
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Fiftly
                 ,
                 King
                 Solomon
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 and
                 wise
                 King
                 ,
                 Eccl
                 2.4
                 .
                 tooke
                 pleasure
                 herein
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 though
                 we
                 may
                 not
                 follow
                 him
                 in
                 any
                 immoderation
                 ,
                 and
                 excesse
                 ,
                 yet
                 the●e
                 ●s
                 a
                 lawfull
                 ,
                 and
                 warrantable
                 use
                 of
                 these
                 delights
                 )
                 Vers.
                 4.5
                 .
                 
                   I
                   made
                   me
                   great
                   workes
                   ,
                   I
                   builded
                   me
                   houses
                   ,
                   I
                   planted
                   me
                   Vineyards
                   ,
                   I
                   made
                   me
                   gardens
                   ,
                   and
                   Orchards
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   planted
                   in
                   them
                   Trees
                   of
                   all
                   kind
                   of
                   fruits
                   .
                
                 
              
               
                 Sixtly
                 ,
                 For
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 an
                 Orchard
                 and
                 Garden
                 ,
                 we
                 have
                 the
                 example
                 of
                 the
                 Mirror
                 of
                 Chastity
                 ,
                 Virtuous
                 Susanna
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 her
                 custome
                 to
                 walke
                 in
                 a
                 garden
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 the
                 History
                 vers
                 .
                 7
                 ▪
                 8.
                 
                 
                   Susanna
                   went
                   into
                   her
                   husbands
                   garden
                   to
                   walke
                   ,
                   the
                   ●wo
                   Elders
                   saw
                   her
                   going
                   in
                   every
                   day
                   ,
                   and
                   walking
                   .
                
              
               
                 Seventhly
                 ,
                 
                 The
                 people
                 of
                 Israel
                 (
                 by
                 a
                 ●peciall
                 command
                 from
                 God
                 )
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 
                 
                   Arbours
                   and
                   shady
                   places
                
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 great
                 Feasts
                 :
                 Nehem.
                 8.14.15
                 .
                 
                   It
                   was
                   publishe●
                   and
                   proclaimed
                   in
                   all
                   their
                   cities
                   ,
                   and
                   i●
                   Ierusalem
                   ,
                   saying
                   ,
                   Goe
                   forth
                   unto
                   the
                   Moun●
                   and
                   fetch
                   Olive
                   Branches
                   ,
                   &
                   Pine
                   Branches
                   and
                   Mirtle
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   Branches
                   of
                   thick
                   Trees
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   Boothes
                   :
                   So
                   they
                   mad●
                   these
                   Boothes
                   upon
                   the
                   Roofs
                   of
                   their
                   houses
                   and
                   in
                   their
                   Courts
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   court
                   of
                   th●
                   house
                   of
                   God
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   streets
                   ;
                   and
                   the●
                   sate
                   under
                   these
                   Boothes
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   was
                   ver●
                   great
                   gladnesse
                   .
                
                 
              
               
                 Eightly
                 ,
                 For
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 an
                 
                   Orchard
                   ,
                   ●
                   Garden
                
                 ,
                 we
                 have
                 the
                 example
                 of
                 our
                 bles●sed
                 Saviour
                 whose
                 custome
                 it
                 was
                 to
                 wa●●
                 in
                 a
                 
                   Garden
                   ,
                   Io●
                
                 .
                 18.1
                 .
                 
                   when
                   Iesus
                   ha●
                   spoken
                   these
                   words
                   he
                   went
                   over
                   the
                   Broo●
                   Cedron
                   ,
                   where
                   was
                   a
                   Garden
                   ,
                   into
                   which
                   ●●
                   entred
                   with
                   his
                   Disciples
                   :
                   We
                   see
                   he
                   often
                   came
                   to
                   this
                   Garden
                   ,
                   for
                   Iudas
                   observed
                   i●
                   was
                   his
                   custome
                   to
                   goe
                   to
                   it
                   .
                   v.
                
                 2.
                 
                 
                   Iudas
                   knew
                   the
                   place
                   ,
                   for
                   Iesus
                   often
                   times
                   resorted
                   thi●ther
                   with
                   his
                   Disciples
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Another
                 
                   Divine
                   Argument
                   of
                   the
                   Dig●nity
                   and
                   value
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   art
                   〈◊〉
                   Planting
                   ,
                
                 
                 is
                 from
                 the
                 frequent
                 use
                 of
                 Sim●litudes
                 betweene
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 God
                 an●
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 betweene
                 our
                 Saviour
                 and
                 Fruit-trees
                 .
              
               
                 Fruit-trees
                 beare
                 the
                 figure
                 and
                 resemblance
                 
                 of
                 many
                 high
                 and
                 great
                 Mysteries
                 held
                 forth
                 to
                 us
                 in
                 
                   Parables
                   ,
                   Tropes
                   ,
                   and
                   Allegories
                   ,
                
                 which
                 represent
                 
                   Morall
                   ,
                   and
                   Spirituall
                   things
                
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 shape
                 and
                 figure
                 of
                 these
                 
                   Corporeall
                   things
                
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 Similitude
                 is
                 betweene
                 the
                 
                   Church
                   and
                   a
                   Vineyard
                
                 :
                 
                 Esay
                 .
                 5.1
                 ,
                 2
                 ,
                 
                   My
                   beloved
                   had
                   a
                   Vineyard
                   in
                   a
                   very
                   fruitfull
                   Hill
                   vers
                   :
                   2.
                   
                   And
                   he
                   fenced
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   gathered
                   out
                   the
                   stones
                   thereof
                   ,
                   and
                   planted
                   it
                   with
                   the
                   choice
                   Vine
                   ,
                   &c
                   :
                   And
                   he
                   looked
                   that
                   it
                   should
                   bring
                   forth
                   grapes
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 
                   Prophet
                   David
                
                 useth
                 the
                 Similitude
                 of
                 a
                 fruitfull
                 tree
                 to
                 expresse
                 the
                 Condition
                 of
                 a
                 Godly
                 man.
                 Psal
                 :
                 1.3
                 .
                 
                   He
                   shall
                   be
                   like
                   a
                   Tree
                   planted
                   by
                   the
                   Rivers
                   of
                   Waters
                   ,
                   that
                   bringeth
                   forth
                   his
                   fruit
                   in
                   due
                   season
                   ,
                   his
                   Leafe
                   also
                   shall
                   not
                   wither
                   ,
                   and
                   looke
                   whatsoever
                   he
                   doth
                   it
                   shall
                   prosper
                   .
                
                 So
                 againe
                 ,
                 Ier.
                 17.8
                 .
                 
                   He
                   shall
                   be
                   as
                   a
                   Tree
                   planted
                   by
                   the
                   waters
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   spreadeth
                   out
                   her
                   Roots
                   by
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   and
                   shall
                   not
                   see
                   when
                   Heate
                   commeth
                   ,
                   but
                   her
                   Leafe
                   shall
                   be
                   greene
                   ,
                   and
                   shall
                   not
                   be
                   carefull
                   in
                   the
                   yeare
                   of
                   Drought
                   ,
                   neither
                   shall
                   cease
                   from
                   yeelding
                   fruit
                   .
                
              
               
                 Another
                 Similitude
                 our
                 Saviour
                 useth
                 to
                 expresse
                 the
                 Condition
                 of
                 his
                 Church
                 drawne
                 from
                 the
                 Vine
                 .
                 
                 Io.
                 15.1
                 .
                 
                   I
                   am
                   the
                   true
                   Vine
                   and
                   my
                   Father
                   is
                   the
                   husbandman
                   :
                
                 
                 every
                 
                   branch
                   in
                   me
                   that
                   beareth
                   not
                   fruit
                   he
                   taketh
                   away
                   ,
                   and
                   every
                   branch
                   that
                   beareth
                   fruit
                   he
                   purgeth
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   bring
                   forth
                   more
                   fruit
                   .
                   As
                   the
                   Branch
                   cannot
                   beare
                   fruit
                   of
                   it selfe
                   ,
                   except
                   it
                   abide
                   in
                   the
                   Vine
                   ,
                   no
                   more
                   can
                   yee
                   except
                   yee
                   abide
                   in
                   me
                   .
                
                 Vers.
                 4.
                 
              
               
                 
                 Another
                 Similitude
                 is
                 between
                 
                   Naturall
                   and
                   Mysticall
                   Grafting
                
                 ,
                 Rom
                 :
                 11.17
                 .
                 Concerning
                 the
                 calling
                 of
                 the
                 Gentiles
                 ,
                 and
                 rejection
                 of
                 the
                 Iewes
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 .
                 
                   If
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Branches
                   be
                   broken
                   off
                   ,
                   and
                   thou
                   being
                   a
                   wild
                   Olive
                   tree
                   wert
                   grafted
                   in
                   amongst
                   them
                   ,
                   &
                   with
                   them
                   partakest
                   of
                   the
                   root
                   and
                   fatnesse
                   of
                   the
                   Olive
                   tree
                   ,
                
                 Ver.
                 23.
                 
                 
                   And
                   they
                   also
                   if
                   they
                   abide
                   not
                   still
                   in
                   unbeliefe
                   shall
                   be
                   grafted
                   in
                   ,
                   for
                   God
                   is
                   able
                   to
                   graft
                   them
                   in
                   againe
                   ,
                
                 Vers.
                 24.
                 
                 
                   For
                   if
                   thou
                   wert
                   cut
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Olive
                   tree
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   wild
                   by
                   nature
                   ,
                   and
                   wert
                   grafted
                   (
                   contrary
                   to
                   nature
                   )
                   into
                   a
                   good
                   Olive
                   tree
                   ,
                   how
                   much
                   more
                   shall
                   these
                   ,
                   which
                   bee
                   the
                   naturall
                   branches
                   ,
                   be
                   grafted
                   into
                   their
                   owne
                   Olive
                   tree
                
                 ?
                 
              
               
                 Fiftly
                 ,
                 The
                 condition
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 is
                 figuratively
                 ,
                 &
                 by
                 Allegories
                 described
                 by
                 Solomon
                 in
                 his
                 
                   Songs
                   ,
                   Chap.
                
                 4.12
                 ,
                 13.
                 
                 And
                 amongst
                 other
                 figures
                 and
                 resemblances
                 there
                 us'd
                 ,
                 one
                 is
                 taken
                 from
                 an
                 
                   Orchard
                   or
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   .
                   A
                   garden
                   inclosed
                   is
                   my
                   sister
                   ,
                   my
                   spouse
                   .
                   Thy
                   Plants
                   are
                   an
                   orchard
                   of
                   Pomegranates
                   ,
                   with
                   pleasant
                   fruits
                   .
                
                 
                 Likewise
                 Cant
                 :
                 2
                 :
                 3
                 :
                 
                   like
                   the
                   Apple-tree
                   among
                   the
                   trees
                   of
                   the
                   wood
                   ,
                   so
                   is
                   my
                   beloved
                   among
                   the
                   sonnes
                   ;
                   I
                   Sate
                   downe
                   vnder
                   his
                   shadow
                   with
                   great
                   delight
                   ,
                   &
                   his
                   fruit
                   was
                   sweet
                   to
                   my
                   tast
                   .
                
              
               
                 Sixtly
                 ,
                 
                 A
                 Fruit-tree
                 beares
                 the
                 figure
                 and
                 resemb●ance
                 of
                 our
                 
                   Saviour
                   Christ
                
                 in
                 the
                 description
                 of
                 
                   Spirituall
                   Paradise
                
                 Revel
                 .
                 22.2
                 .
                 
                   In
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   the
                   street
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   either
                   side
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   was
                   there
                   the
                   tree
                   of
                   life
                   ,
                   which
                   bore
                   twelve
                   manner
                   of
                   fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   yeelded
                   her
                   fruits
                   every
                   month
                   &
                   the
                   Leaves
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   were
                   for
                   the
                   healing
                   of
                   the
                   Nations
                   .
                
                 And
                 againe
                 Chap.
                 2.7
                 .
                 
                   To
                   him
                   that
                   overcommeth
                   I
                   will
                   give
                   to
                   eat
                   of
                   the
                   tree
                   of
                   life
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   the
                   Paradise
                   of
                   God.
                   
                
              
               
                 Concerning
                 Similitudes
                 between
                 Materiall
                 and
                 
                   Mysticall
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 see
                 the
                 Observations
                 following
                 in
                 the
                 second
                 part
                 .
                 
                 Another
                 
                   Divine
                   Argument
                
                 may
                 be
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 God
                 hath
                 threatned
                 to
                 withhold
                 his
                 blessing
                 in
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 do
                 not
                 obey
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 hath
                 in
                 displeasure
                 often
                 deprived
                 men
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 for
                 their
                 disobedience
                 ,
                 which
                 proves
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 value
                 and
                 worth
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 God
                 is
                 displeased
                 with
                 a
                 people
                 ,
                 or
                 particular
                 persons
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 shew
                 it
                 by
                 some
                 correction
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 bring
                 them
                 to
                 repentance
                 ,
                 he
                 doth
                 it
                 not
                 
                 by
                 withholding
                 ,
                 or
                 taking
                 from
                 them
                 some
                 small
                 matters
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 can
                 easily
                 spare
                 without
                 griefe
                 or
                 trouble
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 would
                 worke
                 no
                 effect
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 withholding
                 or
                 depriving
                 them
                 of
                 something
                 that
                 's
                 precious
                 ,
                 and
                 deare
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 want
                 or
                 losse
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 will
                 sad
                 the
                 heart
                 :
                 which
                 course
                 God
                 hath
                 observed
                 with
                 people
                 ,
                 concerning
                 these
                 particular
                 blessings
                 .
                 As
                 appeares
                 .
                 1.
                 
                 This
                 was
                 part
                 of
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 
                   ten
                   Plagues
                
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 Aegypt
                 was
                 punished
                 ,
                 Exod.
                 9.55
                 .
                 
                   The
                   haile
                   brake
                   every
                   tree
                   of
                   the
                   field
                   .
                
                 And
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Prophet
                   David
                
                 hath
                 it
                 ,
                 Psalm
                 .
                 78.48
                 
                   He
                   destroyed
                   their
                   Vines
                   with
                   haile
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Mulbery
                   trees
                   with
                   frost
                
                 :
                 &
                 Psalm
                 :
                 105.33
                 .
                 
                   He
                   smote
                   their
                   Vines
                   also
                   ,
                   and
                   Fig-trees
                
                 :
                 and
                 Ex.
                 10.5
                 .
                 
                   Locusts
                   did
                   eat
                   all
                   the
                   trees
                   which
                   the
                   haile
                   had
                   left
                   .
                
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 among
                 the
                 
                   signes
                   of
                   Gods
                   displeasure
                
                 against
                 Israell
                 :
                 this
                 is
                 one
                 .
                 Amo●
                 4.9
                 .
                 
                   I
                   have
                   smitten
                   your
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                   &c.
                   yet
                   have
                   you
                   not
                   returned
                   unto
                   me
                   ,
                   saith
                   the
                   Lord.
                   
                
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Thirdly
                 :
                 the
                 Prophet
                 calls
                 to
                 mourning
                 ,
                 Joel
                 .
                 1.12
                 .
                 For
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Vine
                   is
                   dried
                   up
                   ,
                   the
                   Fig-tree
                   languisheth
                   ,
                   the
                   Pomegranate
                   tree
                   ,
                   the
                   Palme
                   tree
                   also
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Apple
                   tree
                   ,
                   even
                   all
                   the
                   trees
                   of
                   the
                   field
                   are
                   withered
                   ,
                   because
                   joy
                   is
                   withered
                   from
                   among
                   the
                   sons
                   of
                   men
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 4.
                 
                 Fourthly
                 :
                 God
                 in
                 displeasure
                 for
                 sin
                 ●ells
                 them
                 ,
                 Deut.
                 28.39.40
                 .
                 
                   Thou
                   shalt
                   plant
                   Vineyards
                   and
                   dresse
                   them
                   ,
                   but
                   shalt
                   neither
                   drinke
                   of
                   the
                   wine
                   ,
                   nor
                   gather
                   the
                   grapes
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   wormes
                   shall
                   eat
                   them
                   .
                   Thou
                   ●halt
                   have
                   Olive
                   trees
                   throughout
                   all
                   thy
                   ●oasts
                   ,
                   but
                   shalt
                   not
                   anoint
                   thy selfe
                   with
                   Oyle
                   :
                   For
                   thine
                   Olive
                   shall
                   cast
                   her
                   fruits
                   .
                
                 And
                 God
                 ●ids
                 Moses
                 tell
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 obey
                 ,
                 
                   their
                   land
                   should
                   not
                   yeild
                   their
                   increase
                   ,
                   neither
                   should
                   the
                   trees
                   of
                   the
                   land
                   ●eild
                   their
                   fruits
                   .
                
                 The
                 like
                 againe
                 ,
                 Zeph.
                 1.13
                 .
                 Amos
                 5.11
                 .
                 Esay
                 ,
                 17
                 ,
                 10.
                 
                 Hosea
                 ●
                 .
                 12
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 
                   Divine
                   Argument
                
                 may
                 be
                 this
                 :
                 
              
               
                 
                   God
                   hath
                   promised
                   these
                   things
                   as
                   blessings
                   to
                   such
                   as
                   obey
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   time
                   to
                   time
                   performed
                   it
                
                 :
                 Not
                 to
                 be
                 lookt
                 upon
                 as
                 things
                 of
                 light
                 ,
                 and
                 triviall
                 consequence
                 ,
                 ●ut
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 as
                 strong
                 engagements
                 to
                 obedience
                 .
                 When
                 God
                 hath
                 beene
                 well
                 pleased
                 with
                 a
                 Nation
                 ,
                 or
                 particular
                 persons
                 he
                 hath
                 often
                 shewed
                 it
                 (
                 among
                 other
                 tokens
                 of
                 his
                 love
                 )
                 
                   by
                   mul●iplying
                   the
                   fruits
                   of
                   their
                   trees
                   ,
                
                 encouraging
                 them
                 to
                 
                   plant
                   Fruit-gardens
                
                 ,
                 and
                 promising
                 his
                 blessing
                 thereon
                 .
                 As
                 we
                 see
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 God
                 (
                 by
                 his
                 Prophet
                 )
                 encourages
                 his
                 people
                 in
                 Babylon
                 to
                 build
                 ,
                 &
                 to
                 plant
                 ,
                 ●er
                 .
                 29.5
                 .
                 
                   Build
                   ye
                   houses
                   ▪
                   &
                   dwell
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   ●nd
                   plant
                   gardens
                   and
                   eat
                   fruits
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 2.
                 
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 promise
                 of
                 their
                 returne●
                 this
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 blessings
                 God
                 would
                 bestow
                 on
                 them
                 ,
                 Amos.
                 9.14
                 .
                 
                   And
                   I
                   wil●
                   bring
                   againe
                   the
                   captivitie
                   of
                   my
                   people
                   Israell
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   shall
                   build
                   the
                   wast
                   citties
                   and
                   inhabite
                   them
                   ,
                   &
                   they
                   shall
                   plant
                   Vineyards
                   ,
                   and
                   drink
                   the
                   wine
                   thereof
                   ,
                   they
                   shal●
                   also
                   make
                   gardens
                   and
                   eat
                   the
                   fruit
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 When
                 they
                 came
                 into
                 Canaan
                 that
                 pleasant
                 land
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 mentioned
                 as
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 blessings
                 ,
                 Neh.
                 9.25
                 .
                 
                   They
                   possessed
                   houses
                   full
                   of
                   all
                   goods
                   ,
                   wells
                   digged
                   ,
                   Vineyards
                   and
                   Oliveyards
                   ,
                   and
                   fruit-trees
                   in
                   abundance
                   .
                
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 And
                 among
                 the
                 showers
                 of
                 blessing●
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Prophet
                 calls
                 them
                 )
                 this
                 is
                 one
                 ,
                 Ezek
                 :
                 34.27
                 .
                 
                   The
                   tree
                   of
                   the
                   field
                   shall
                   yeel●
                   her
                   fruit
                   .
                
                 And
                 Ezek
                 :
                 36.29
                 .
                 
                   I
                   will
                   multiply
                   the
                   fruit
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 The
                 like
                 of
                 many
                 other
                 places
                 ,
                 Mal.
                 3.10.11
                 .
                 Joel
                 .
                 2.21.22
                 .
                 Levit
                 :
                 26.3
                 ,
                 4.
                 
                 Esay
                 65.21
                 ,
                 22.
                 
                 Levit.
                 19.23
                 .
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 thus
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 sixt
                 
                   Divine
                   Argument
                   from
                   the
                   promises
                   of
                   God
                   ,
                   and
                   performance
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   these
                   things
                
                 to
                 his
                 people
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Another
                 
                   Divine
                   Argument
                   of
                   the
                   Dignitie
                   and
                   value
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   art
                   of
                   planting
                   ,
                
                 is
                 from
                 
                   two
                   generall
                   commands
                   given
                   by
                   the
                   Apostle
                   Pavl
                   ,
                
                 which
                 though
                 they
                 mention
                 not
                 these
                 things
                 in
                 explicite
                 
                 and
                 plaine
                 tearmes
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 are
                 commended
                 to
                 us
                 
                   by
                   plaine
                   and
                   cleare
                   implication
                   ,
                   and
                   deduction
                
                 ▪
                 for
                 as
                 out
                 of
                 
                   generall
                   promises
                
                 we
                 may
                 draw
                 ,
                 and
                 deduct
                 perticulars
                 ,
                 &
                 make
                 applications
                 from
                 them
                 ;
                 so
                 also
                 from
                 
                   generall
                   commands
                   and
                   directions
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 Command
                 is
                 that
                 of
                 Paul
                 in
                 his
                 Epistle
                 to
                 Titus
                 Chap.
                 3.
                 v.
                 14.
                 
                 
                   Let
                   ours
                   also
                   learne
                   to
                   maintaine
                   good
                   works
                   for
                   necessary
                   uses
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   be
                   not
                   unfruitfull
                
                 :
                 here
                 's
                 a
                 generall
                 Command
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 one
                 particular
                 may
                 be
                 derived
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 purpose
                 .
                 The
                 Apostle
                 here
                 ,
                 by
                 
                   Good
                   workes
                
                 ,
                 meane●
                 good
                 works
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 towards
                 the
                 maintenance
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Commonwealth
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   particular
                   Family
                
                 with
                 necessary
                 commodities
                 and
                 usefull
                 things
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Honest
                   Trades
                   ,
                   and
                   Imployments
                
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Margint
                 renders
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 it
                 is
                 clear
                 ,
                 
                   this
                   work
                   &
                   imployment
                   of
                   Planting
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   good
                   worke
                   for
                   necessary
                   uses
                   ,
                
                 seeing
                 the
                 life
                 of
                 man
                 may
                 by
                 it
                 be
                 maintained
                 with
                 so
                 many
                 necessa●ies
                 belonging
                 to
                 it
                 :
                 See
                 
                   Profits
                   of
                   an
                   Orchard
                
                 ,
                 ●
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 being
                 so
                 ,
                 the
                 Apostle
                 (
                 the●
                 )
                 bids
                 us
                 
                   learne
                   to
                   do
                   it
                
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 say
                 ,
                 get
                 some
                 skill
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 doing
                 then
                 
                   uphold
                   and
                   maintaine
                   it
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 second
                 
                   generall
                   Command
                
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 the
                 Apostle
                 writes
                 to
                 the
                 Philippians
                 ,
                 
                 Chap.
                 4.8
                 .
                 
                   Whatsoever
                   things
                   are
                   True
                   :
                   whatsoever
                   things
                   are
                   Honest
                   :
                   whatsoever
                   things
                   are
                   Iust
                   :
                   whatsoever
                   things
                   are
                   Pure
                   :
                   whatsoever
                   things
                   are
                   Lovely
                   :
                   whatsoever
                   things
                   are
                   of
                   Good
                   Report
                   :
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   any
                   Virtue
                   ,
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   any
                   Praise
                   ,
                   thinke
                   on
                   these
                   things
                   .
                
              
               
                 Now
                 it
                 is
                 easy
                 for
                 a
                 man
                 to
                 speake
                 of
                 many
                 particular
                 Imployments
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 upon
                 them
                 the
                 
                   Characters
                   and
                   Marks
                
                 here
                 mentioned
                 :
                 but
                 of
                 them
                 all
                 ,
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 one
                 (
                 except
                 Divine
                 Imployments
                 )
                 that
                 hath
                 these
                 Marks
                 so
                 clearely
                 stampt
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 this
                 Imployment
                 of
                 the
                 husbandman
                 in
                 
                   Planting
                   Fruit-trees
                   .
                   This
                   Imployment
                
                 answers
                 exactly
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Apostles
                   Rule
                
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 face
                 answering
                 face
                 in
                 the
                 glasse
                 :
                 for
                 what
                 particular
                 labour
                 is
                 more
                 honest
                 ,
                 more
                 just
                 more
                 pure
                 ,
                 more
                 lovely
                 ,
                 of
                 better
                 report
                 ?
                 what
                 h●th
                 mo●e
                 Virtue
                 ?
                 what
                 hath
                 more
                 Praise
                 then
                 it
                 ?
                 ●ee
                 what
                 hath
                 been
                 said
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Praise
                   and
                   good
                   report
                
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 ●r●perties
                 ,
                 at
                 large
                 already
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 pag.
                 11
                 ,
                 12
                 ,
                 13
                 ,
                 14
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Now
                 this
                 being
                 so
                 ,
                 then
                 we
                 ought
                 to
                 follow
                 the
                 
                   Apostles
                   Command
                
                 :
                 If
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 if
                 the●e
                 be
                 any
                 Praise
                 (
                 saith
                 he
                 )
                 
                   think
                   on
                   these
                   things
                
                 .
                 The
                 words
                 are
                 very
                 Em●ha●icall
                 :
                 
                   whatsoever
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   any
                   praise
                   .
                
                 His
                 meaning
                 is
                 ,
                 whatsoever
                 
                 the
                 work
                 be
                 ,
                 though
                 mean
                 in
                 the
                 eye
                 of
                 the
                 world
                 ,
                 yet
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 but
                 any
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 
                   Characters
                   and
                   Marks
                
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 worthy
                 to
                 be
                 followed
                 ,
                 then
                 how
                 much
                 more
                 when
                 it
                 has
                 them
                 All
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 so
                 eminently
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 every
                 eye
                 sees
                 them
                 .
                 
                   Thinke
                   on
                   these
                   things
                
                 ,
                 saith
                 he
                 ,
                 first
                 to
                 search
                 out
                 what
                 
                   works
                   and
                   imployments
                
                 are
                 markt
                 with
                 these
                 Characters
                 :
                 and
                 then
                 ,
                 
                   think
                   on
                   such
                
                 to
                 like
                 ,
                 chuse
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 set
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 follow
                 them
                 ,
                 &
                 make
                 such
                 things
                 our
                 professions
                 
                   for
                   the
                   praise
                   of
                   God
                   ,
                   and
                   profit
                   of
                   men
                   .
                
              
               
                 And
                 so
                 much
                 for
                 the
                 seaventh
                 
                   Divine
                   Argument
                
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Another
                 
                   Divine
                   Argument
                
                 ,
                 is
                 from
                 
                   Gods
                   command
                   for
                   the
                   preservation
                   of
                   fruit-trees
                   :
                
                 He
                 layes
                 a
                 speciall
                 charge
                 upon
                 men
                 for
                 their
                 
                   safety
                   and
                   preservation
                
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 ,
                 Deut.
                 20.19.20
                 .
                 
                   When
                   thou
                   shalt
                   besiege
                   a
                   city
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   in
                   making
                   war
                   against
                   it
                   .
                   to
                   take
                   it
                   ,
                   thou
                   shalt
                   not
                   destroy
                   the
                   trees
                   thereof
                   ,
                   by
                   forcing
                   an
                   Axe
                   against
                   them
                   ,
                   for
                   thou
                   mayest
                   eat
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   thou
                   shalt
                   not
                   cut
                   them
                   downe
                   ,
                   to
                   further
                   thee
                   in
                   the
                   siege
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   tree
                   of
                   the
                   field
                   is
                   mans
                   life
                   ,
                
                 Vers
                 :
                 20.
                 
                 
                   Only
                   the
                   trees
                   which
                   thou
                   knowest
                   that
                   they
                   be
                   ●ot
                   trees
                   for
                   meat
                   ,
                   thou
                   shalt
                   destroy
                   ,
                   and
                   cut
                   ●hem
                   downe
                   ,
                   and
                   thou
                   shalt
                   build
                   Bulwarks
                   ●gainst
                   the
                   city
                   that
                   maketh
                   war
                   with
                   thee
                   
                   untill
                   it
                   be
                   subdued
                   .
                
                 Although
                 this
                 Scripture
                 may
                 be
                 taken
                 in
                 an
                 
                   Allegoricall
                   sence
                
                 ,
                 as
                 signifying
                 to
                 us
                 Gods
                 care
                 
                   of
                   Mysticall
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 his
                 people
                 :
                 
                   being
                   Trees
                   of
                   righteousnesse
                   of
                   the
                   Lords
                   planting
                
                 :
                 yet
                 the
                 same
                 may
                 also
                 be
                 taken
                 
                   in
                   a
                   litterall
                   sence
                
                 ,
                 &
                 as
                 some
                 Godly
                 men
                 conceive
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 positive
                 binding
                 Law
                 even
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 see
                 God
                 ingeminates
                 ,
                 and
                 repeats
                 his
                 charge
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                   being
                   trees
                   for
                   food
                   ,
                   and
                   nourishment
                   of
                   mans
                   life
                   ,
                
                 they
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 destroyed
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 were
                 on
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 occasion
                 as
                 to
                 further
                 the
                 siege
                 against
                 their
                 enemies
                 .
                 He
                 leaves
                 
                   other
                   trees
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   not
                   trees
                   for
                   meat
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   beare
                   no
                   fruits
                   ,
                
                 to
                 be
                 cut
                 down
                 and
                 destroyed
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 have
                 use
                 for
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 war
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 must
                 not
                 spoyle
                 ,
                 nor
                 meddle
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Fruit
                   trees
                
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 discovered
                 these
                 
                   Divine
                   Arguments
                   of
                   the
                   dignity
                   and
                   value
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   and
                   the
                   art
                   of
                   Planting
                   ,
                
                 to
                 stir
                 up
                 and
                 encourage
                 men
                 to
                 so
                 good
                 a
                 work
                 ,
                 to
                 ●
                 work
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 and
                 many
                 advantages
                 to
                 the
                 Commonweale
              
               
                 
                 And
                 because
                 
                   Humane
                   Arguments
                
                 ,
                 ar●
                 likewise
                 prevalent
                 which
                 men
                 ,
                 observ●
                 them
                 also
                 for
                 further
                 encouragement
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 
                   Humane
                   Argument
                   of
                   the
                   dign●●ty
                   and
                   value
                   of
                   Fruittrees
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   ar●●
                   
                   Planting
                
                 is
                 from
                 Presidents
                 ,
                 or
                 Examples
                 of
                 wise
                 and
                 learned
                 men
                 ,
                 of
                 great
                 and
                 good
                 men
                 in
                 former
                 ages
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 practised
                 this
                 Art.
                 
              
               
                 Examples
                 either
                 in
                 V●rtue
                 or
                 Vice
                 ,
                 are
                 powerfull
                 with
                 men
                 ,
                 (
                 especially
                 
                   Examples
                   of
                   great
                   ones
                
                 )
              
               
                 Brevius
                 iter
                 per
                 exempla
                 ,
                 quàm
                 per
                 praecepta
              
               
                 Its
                 much
                 easier
                 to
                 prevaile
                 with
                 people
                 by
                 Examples
                 ,
                 then
                 by
                 Precepts
                 or
                 Rules
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 Examples
                 of
                 great
                 ones
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 things
                 evill
                 ,
                 are
                 so
                 powerfull
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 with
                 most
                 men
                 ,
                 how
                 much
                 more
                 then
                 should
                 they
                 be
                 prevalent
                 
                   in
                   honest
                   ,
                   and
                   vertuous
                   things
                   :
                
                 so
                 that
                 herein
                 is
                 a
                 double
                 inducement
                 ,
                 the
                 Example
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Vertue
                 :
                 here
                 is
                 a
                 twofold
                 Argument
                 concurrent
                 and
                 met
                 in
                 this
                 imployment
                 of
                 
                   planting
                   fruit-trees
                   :
                   Presidents
                
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 highest
                 ;
                 
                   Philosophers
                   ,
                   Kings
                   ,
                   &
                   Emperours
                   .
                
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Nature
                 that
                 secular
                 Imployments
                 have
                 in
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 then
                 observe
                 some
                 Examples
                 recorded
                 by
                 antient
                 A●thors
                 
                   in
                   this
                   imployment
                   of
                   planting
                   Fruit-trees
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Plures
                   excellentis
                   doctrine
                   viri
                   ,
                   
                   &
                
                 
                   Philosophandi
                   studio
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   Many
                   famous
                   and
                   learned
                   men
                
                 (
                 saith
                 he
                 )
                 
                   studious
                   in
                   Philosophy
                   ,
                   have
                   delighted
                   in
                   this
                   
                   course
                   of
                   life
                   ,
                   and
                   found
                   therein
                   abundance
                   of
                   pleasure
                   ,
                   and
                   contentment
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Si
                   dignitas
                   Agriculturae
                   accedit
                   ex
                   iis
                   qui
                   eam
                   tractaverint
                   ,
                   Regalis
                   Ars
                   &
                   dignissima
                   erit
                   .
                
                 If
                 the
                 dignity
                 and
                 esteeme
                 of
                 this
                 Art
                 may
                 be
                 drawne
                 from
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 beene
                 conversant
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 then
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 Kingly
                 Art
                 ,
                 and
                 chiefest
                 of
                 all
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Reges
                   &
                   Imperatores
                   summosque
                
                 
                   Magistratus
                   .
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   Cyrus
                   King
                   of
                   Persia.
                   
                
                 
                   Philometrus
                   King
                   of
                   Asia
                   .
                
                 
                   Heronus
                   King
                   of
                   Asia
                   .
                
                 
                   Archelaus
                   King
                   of
                   Asia
                   .
                
                 
                   Attalus
                   King
                   of
                   Asia
                   .
                
                 
                   Evax
                   and
                   Avicen
                   :
                   Kings
                   of
                   Arabia
                   .
                
                 
                   Solomon
                   King
                   of
                   Israel
                
                 
                   Telaphanus
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Antonius
                     Pius
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Elizeus
                   .
                
                 
                   Numa
                   .
                
                 
                   Sportanus
                   .
                
                 
                   Alcinous
                   ,
                
                 
                   Mithridates
                   the
                   great
                   .
                
                 
                   Alexander
                   the
                   great
                   .
                
                 
                   Dioclesian
                   ,
                   Emperour
                   of
                   Rome
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   many
                   others
                   .
                
              
               
                 Kings
                 ,
                 Princes
                 ,
                 Roman
                 Emperours
                 
                   and
                   the
                   highest
                   powers
                   on
                   earth
                   ,
                   have
                   not
                   disdained
                   to
                   performe
                   the
                   works
                   of
                   an
                
                 Orchard
                 
                   with
                   their
                   owne
                   hands
                   ,
                   and
                   taken
                   delight
                   therein
                   .
                
              
               
                 Mascall
                 
                   saies
                   :
                   Many
                   great
                   Lords
                   and
                   Noble
                   personages
                   ,
                   have
                   left
                   their
                   Theaters
                   ,
                   goodly
                   exercises
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   given
                   themselves
                   to
                
                 Planting
                 and
                 Grafting
                 ,
                 
                   &
                   have
                   accounted
                   nothing
                   of
                   higher
                   commendation
                   .
                
                 
                 The
                 second
                 
                   humane
                   Argument
                   of
                   the
                   dignity
                   and
                   val●e
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   art
                   of
                   planting
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   is
                   from
                   the
                   praises
                   of
                   ancient
                   and
                   late
                   Writers
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   suffrage
                   ,
                   or
                   general
                   consent
                   of
                   all
                   people
                   .
                
              
               
                 Works
                 and
                 imployments
                 that
                 have
                 the
                 praise
                 but
                 of
                 some
                 persons
                 only
                 ,
                 we
                 cannot
                 conclude
                 the
                 worth
                 and
                 dignity
                 thereof
                 from
                 such
                 praises
                 ,
                 because
                 selfe
                 and
                 sinister
                 ends
                 may
                 sway
                 in
                 the
                 minds
                 of
                 such
                 ▪
                 but
                 those
                 imployments
                 that
                 have
                 the
                 
                   praise
                   of
                   all
                
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 concur●en●e
                 ,
                 &
                 consent
                 of
                 minds
                 
                   in
                   all
                   people
                   in
                   the
                   praise
                   thereof
                   ,
                
                 (
                 of
                 the
                 Good
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 bad
                 ▪
                 of
                 the
                 Learned
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 unlearned
                 of
                 the
                 Wise
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 unwise
                 )
                 these
                 probably
                 are
                 good
                 and
                 vertuous
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 this
                 
                   art
                   and
                   imployment
                   of
                   planting
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                
                 hath
                 the
                 joynt
                 &
                 unanimous
                 consent
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 of
                 
                   greatest
                   persons
                   of
                   the
                   world
                
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 of
                 
                   all
                   persons
                   in
                   the
                   world
                
                 ,
                 ther
                 's
                 none
                 hath
                 ill
                 will
                 towards
                 it
                 ,
                 none
                 hath
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 say
                 against
                 it
                 ,
                 
                   but
                   all
                   without
                   exception
                   ,
                   give
                   it
                   their
                   good
                   word
                   and
                   speake
                   in
                   the
                   praise
                   of
                   it
                   .
                
              
               
                 If
                 men
                 doe
                 but
                 s●eake
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 'l
                 commend
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   it
                   s
                   a
                   goodly
                   imployment
                   ,
                   it
                   s
                   both
                   a
                   pleasant
                   and
                   profitable
                   worke
                   ,
                   its
                   good
                   for
                   a
                   Commonwealth
                   ,
                   it
                   enriches
                   whole
                   Countries
                   ,
                
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 men
                 of
                 us●ally
                 
                 speake
                 of
                 it
                 what
                 ancient
                 and
                 late
                 writers
                 have
                 said
                 in
                 the
                 praise
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 pag.
                 14
                 ,
                 15
                 ,
                 16.
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 second
                 
                   Humane
                   Argument
                
                 thus
                 much
                 ,
              
               
                 The
                 third
                 
                   Humane
                   Argument
                   of
                   the
                   dignity
                   and
                   value
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   and
                   the
                   art
                   of
                   planting
                   is
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   Argumentum
                   ab
                   utili
                
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Profits
                 that
                 are
                 receiv'd
                 thereby
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 us
                 see
                 then
                 what
                 Profits
                 may
                 be
                 had
                 from
                 an
                 
                   Orchard
                   or
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit
                   trees
                   .
                
              
               
                 Profits
                 arise
                 from
                 an
                 Orchard
                 many
                 waies
                 :
                 one
                 way
                 is
                 to
                 mans
                 Estate
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 two
                 respects
                 :
                 first
                 ,
                 
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   house
                   keeping
                
                 ,
                 and
                 provision
                 for
                 his
                 family
                 all
                 the
                 yeare
                 .
              
               
                 1
                 Secondly
                 
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   sale
                
                 .
              
               
                 Such
                 as
                 have
                 good
                 Orchards
                 know
                 by
                 experience
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 very
                 profitable
                 for
                 meat
                 ,
                 and
                 drink
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 yeare
                 long
                 ,
                 many
                 good
                 dishes
                 they
                 make
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 &
                 many
                 wholsome
                 &
                 pleasant
                 drinks
                 ,
                 
                   Sider
                   ,
                   perry
                   ,
                   Cherry
                   Wines
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 Which
                 are
                 not
                 barely
                 nourishing
                 but
                 have
                 other
                 speciall
                 properties
                 ,
                 they
                 moderately
                 coole
                 and
                 refresh
                 the
                 spirits
                 in
                 heate
                 of
                 Sommer
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 they
                 keep
                 the
                 body
                 from
                 grosse
                 and
                 superfluous
                 humours
                 ,
                 &
                 carry
                 downe
                 the
                 seed
                 of
                 diseases
                 ,
                 which
                 else
                 would
                 lodg
                 and
                 grow
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 
                 spring
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 prejudice
                 of
                 health
                 .
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 healthfullnesse
                 of
                 thee
                 Liquors
                 ,
                 See
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Fruits
                 .
                 pag.
                 100
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 2
                 
                   Fruit
                   trees
                   are
                   profitable
                   to
                   the
                   Husbandman
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   sale
                   of
                   the
                   fruits
                   ,
                
                 when
                 a
                 man
                 has
                 more
                 then
                 he
                 can
                 spend
                 in
                 his
                 house
                 ;
                 especially
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 live
                 neare
                 some
                 great
                 Towne
                 or
                 City
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 have
                 ●ent
                 at
                 pleasure
                 .
                 The
                 poet
                 saw
                 the
                 
                   profits
                   of
                   an
                   Orchard
                
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 said
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Non
                   illi
                   deerat
                   ,
                   quod
                   pauperis
                   exigit
                   usus
                   ,
                
                 
                   Interdum
                   locuples
                   a
                   paup●re
                   multa
                   petebat
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Orchard
                   doth
                   with
                   fruit
                   the
                   poore
                   supply
                
                 
                   With
                   which
                   he
                   doth
                   the
                   wealthie
                   gratify
                   ,
                
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Profits
                   of
                   an
                   Orchard
                
                 once
                 come
                 to
                 good
                 perfection
                 (
                 doth
                 exceed
                 the
                 profits
                 of
                 Corne
                 (
                 upon
                 like
                 quantity
                 of
                 ground
                 )
                 many
                 times
                 over
                 .
                 As
                 hath
                 been
                 computed
                 and
                 set
                 downe
                 by
                 those
                 that
                 (
                 I
                 suppose
                 )
                 well
                 knew
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 both
                 .
                 And
                 touching
                 
                   Profits
                   to
                   the
                   Estate
                
                 thus
                 much
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 2
                 
                   An
                   Orchard
                   or
                   garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 (
                 and
                 Imployments
                 about
                 the
                 same
                 )
                 
                   is
                   profitable
                   to
                   the
                   body
                   ,
                   first
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   health
                   :
                   secondly
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   long
                   life
                   .
                
              
               
                 What
                 is
                 a
                 greater
                 earthly
                 blessing
                 then
                 
                   perfect
                   health
                   of
                   body
                
                 ?
                 1
                 some
                 have
                 said
                 
                   valetudo
                   
                   est
                   summum
                   bonum
                
                 :
                 Health
                 is
                 the
                 chiefest
                 earthly
                 good
                 thing
                 :
                 what
                 will
                 not
                 me●
                 doe
                 for
                 health
                 they
                 will
                 set
                 body
                 and
                 mind
                 and
                 all
                 on
                 work
                 for
                 health
                 :
                 they
                 will
                 part
                 with
                 
                   friends
                   ,
                   house
                   and
                   lands
                   ,
                   silver
                   and
                   gold
                   ,
                
                 and
                 all
                 for
                 health
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 health
                 is
                 pre●erved
                 :
                 first
                 ,
                 
                   by
                   moderate
                   and
                   seasonable
                   exercise
                
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 the
                 labour
                 that
                 preserves
                 health
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 too
                 violent
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 but
                 
                   ad
                   ruborem
                   ,
                   non
                   ad
                   sudorem
                   ,
                
                 as
                 some
                 advise
                 :
                 to
                 bring
                 the
                 body
                 to
                 a
                 temperate
                 and
                 gentle
                 heat
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 immoderate
                 sweating
                 .
              
               
                 
                 The
                 
                   Lord
                   Bacon
                
                 adviseth
                 to
                 exercise
                 causing
                 rather
                 
                   perspiration
                   then
                   sweating
                
                 ,
                 and
                 saies
                 further
                 ,
                 that
                 an
                 idle
                 life
                 doth
                 manifestly
                 make
                 the
                 flesh
                 soft
                 and
                 dis●ipable
                 ,
                 but
                 robust
                 exercise
                 ,
                 (
                 so
                 it
                 be
                 without
                 overmuch
                 sweating
                 ,
                 and
                 wearinesse
                 )
                 maketh
                 it
                 hard
                 and
                 compact
                 ,
                 which
                 advanceth
                 health
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 Health
                 is
                 preserved
                 
                   by
                   fresh
                   and
                   wholsome
                   Ayres
                
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 heat
                 of
                 sommer
                 is
                 found
                 in
                 
                   Arbours
                   ,
                   Seats
                   ,
                   and
                   Walks
                   in
                   the
                   garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   .
                
                 The
                 aforesaid
                 Author
                 tells
                 us
                 the
                 ayre
                 in
                 sommer
                 is
                 predatory
                 and
                 hurtfull
                 through
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 sun
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 ought
                 (
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 excluded
                 from
                 the
                 body
                 .
                 Now
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 
                   fresh
                   wholsome
                   ayres
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   coole
                   shades
                
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 any
                 where
                 in
                 sommer
                 season
                 ,
                 better
                 then
                 these
                 
                   in
                   the
                   Orchard
                   ,
                   or
                   garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 so
                 the
                 Poet.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Opaca
                   prebent
                   arbores
                   umbracula
                   ,
                
                 
                   Prohibentque
                   densis
                   fervidum
                   solem
                   comis
                   .
                
              
               
                 Green
                 Canopies
                 the
                 shady
                 trees
                 us
                 lend
                 Gainst
                 scorching
                 sun
                 ,
                 boughs
                 thick
                 ,
                 whilst
                 they
                 extend
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 Health
                 is
                 preserved
                 ,
                 
                   by
                   pleasant
                   and
                   wholsome
                   Odours
                   ,
                   and
                   perfumes
                   found
                   in
                   the
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                
                 all
                 the
                 spring
                 &
                 sommer
                 ,
                 by
                 
                   digging
                   the
                   Earth
                
                 ,
                 &
                 from
                 the
                 Leaves
                 and
                 
                   blossomes
                   of
                   Trees
                
                 :
              
               
                 
                   Lo
                   :
                   Ba
                
                 :
                 tells
                 us
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 vapours
                 of
                 fresh
                 earth
                 by
                 digging
                 ,
                 condense
                 and
                 refresh
                 the
                 spirits
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 that
                 
                   Leaves
                   of
                   trees
                   falling
                
                 towards
                 
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   Autumne
                   ,
                   yeild
                   a
                   good
                   refreshing
                   to
                   the
                   spirits
                
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 most
                 
                   pleasant
                   and
                   wholsome
                   Odours
                
                 ,
                 are
                 from
                 the
                 blossomes
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 which
                 having
                 in
                 them
                 a
                 condensing
                 and
                 cooling
                 property
                 are
                 there●ore
                 ,
                 not
                 simply
                 Healthfull
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 accun●ted
                 Cordiall
                 ;
                 chearing
                 and
                 refreshing
                 the
                 Heart
                 and
                 vitall
                 spirits
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 the
                 spirits
                 (
                 as
                 this
                 Author
                 obser●es
                 )
                 are
                 the
                 Masterworkmen
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 ●nd
                 as
                 the
                 
                   uppermost
                   Wheele
                
                 which
                 turneth
                 ●bout
                 the
                 other
                 wheeles
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ;
                 and
                 
                 therefore
                 whatsoever
                 is
                 Healthfull
                 and
                 re●freshing
                 to
                 the
                 spirits
                 ,
                 works
                 (
                 powerfully●
                 good
                 effects
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 speed●ly
                 &
                 suddenly
                 :
                 as
                 the
                 Author
                 saies
                 ,
                 
                   Vapour
                   and
                   Affections
                   worke
                   compendiously
                   upon
                   the
                   spirits
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 
                   Healthfulness
                   of
                   Odours
                
                 see
                 more
                 at
                 Large
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 tide
                 
                   Pleasure
                   of
                   the
                   senses
                   smelling
                   in
                   a
                   Garden
                   :
                
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 :
                 Health
                 is
                 preserved
                 by
                 
                   who●●
                   some
                   meats
                   and
                   drinks
                
                 all
                 the
                 yeare
                 from
                 the
                 
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 spirits
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 in
                 sommer
                 stan●
                 in
                 need
                 of
                 cooling
                 and
                 condensing
                 ,
                 an●
                 what
                 meats
                 and
                 drinks
                 more
                 proper
                 fo●
                 that
                 purpose
                 then
                 
                   dishes
                   and
                   drinks
                   of
                   th●
                   fruits
                   an
                   Orchard
                   .
                
                 They
                 are
                 both
                 Al●mentall
                 and
                 Physicall
                 :
                 they
                 
                   cure
                   diseases
                   and
                   preserve
                   health
                
                 :
                 discharging
                 the
                 bod●
                 of
                 the
                 beginning
                 ,
                 and
                 seeds
                 of
                 many
                 diseases
                 .
              
               
                 2
                 Secondly
                 :
                 
                   A
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-tree
                   ●
                   profitable
                   to
                   the
                   body
                
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 
                   Long
                   life
                
                 .
              
               
                 How
                 much
                 have
                 men
                 valued
                 
                   long
                   life
                
                 in
                 all
                 ages
                 of
                 the
                 world
                 ,
                 what
                 strange
                 courses
                 have
                 some
                 taken
                 to
                 extend
                 their
                 life
                 to
                 a
                 great
                 length
                 :
                 some
                 have
                 liv'd
                 is
                 
                   Caves
                   and
                   Rocks
                
                 ,
                 and
                 sequestred
                 themselves
                 from
                 society
                 with
                 men
                 ,
                 and
                 be●●ken
                 
                 themselves
                 to
                 a
                 strict
                 Monasticall
                 course
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 stretch
                 out
                 their
                 life
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 live
                 .
              
               
                 Yea
                 amongst
                 Christians
                 who
                 though
                 they
                 desire
                 to
                 be
                 dissolved
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 with
                 Christ.
                 Yet
                 in
                 some
                 respects
                 
                   long
                   life
                
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 accounted
                 a
                 blessing
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 set
                 before
                 us
                 as
                 an
                 encouragement
                 to
                 obedience
                 :
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 Deut.
                 32.47
                 .
                 
                   The
                   feare
                   of
                   the
                   Lord
                   is
                   your
                   life
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   &
                   through
                   this
                   ye
                   shall
                   prolong
                   your
                   daies
                   .
                   And
                
                 Prov.
                 3.1
                 ,
                 2.
                 
                 
                   My
                   sonne
                   keep
                   my
                   Commandments
                   for
                   length
                   of
                   daies
                   ,
                   and
                   long
                   life
                   shall
                   they
                   add
                   to
                   thee
                   :
                
                 the
                 like
                 in
                 many
                 other
                 places
                 .
                 Now
                 I
                 say
                 :
                 An
                 
                   Orchard
                   or
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   is
                   profitable
                   to
                   the
                   body
                   for
                   Long
                   life
                
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 severall
                 respects
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 these
                 four
                 last
                 mentioned
                 means
                 for
                 Health
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 likewise
                 condu●e
                 and
                 are
                 
                   profitable
                   to
                   long
                   life
                
                 :
                 wherein
                 lies
                 another
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 excellency
                 and
                 worth
                 :
                 
                 for
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Lord
                   Bacon
                
                 observes
                 :
                 some
                 things
                 are
                 profitable
                 for
                 an
                 healthfull
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 not
                 good
                 for
                 
                   long
                   life
                
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 these
                 conduce
                 as
                 well
                 to
                 
                   long
                   life
                
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 health
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 
                   Moderate
                   exercise
                
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 
                   Fresh
                   Ayres
                
                 .
                 3.
                 
                 
                   Pleasant
                   Odours
                
                 .
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Wholsome
                   meats
                   and
                   drinks
                
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 all
                 had
                 in
                 an
                 
                   Orchard
                   or
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                   are
                
                 (
                 also
                 )
                 
                   all
                   profitable
                   to
                   long
                   life
                
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                 The
                 foresaid
                 Author
                 saies
                 :
                 
                   The
                   spirit
                   are
                   the
                   master
                   workmen
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   effects
                   in
                   the
                   body
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   in
                   the
                   intention
                   of
                   long
                   life
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   first
                   placed
                   .
                
              
               
                 So
                 then
                 :
                 whatsoever
                 worketh
                 upon
                 the
                 spirits
                 for
                 their
                 refreshing
                 and
                 vigour
                 .
                 Is
                 
                   profitable
                   to
                   long
                   life
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                 The
                 operation
                 upon
                 the
                 spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 waxing
                 fresh
                 and
                 vigorous
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 ready
                 and
                 compendious
                 way
                 to
                 
                   Long
                   life
                
                 .
                 Now
                 an
                 
                   Orchard
                   or
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   imployments
                   therein
                   ,
                
                 work
                 upon
                 the
                 spirits
                 for
                 their
                 refreshing
                 two
                 waies
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Organs
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Affections
                   of
                   the
                   mind
                
                 .
                 Touching
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
                   The
                   operation
                   upon
                   the
                   spirits
                   through
                   the
                   Organs
                   of
                   the
                   body
                   ,
                   see
                   at
                   large
                   in
                   the
                   pleasure
                   of
                   the
                   five
                   senses
                   .
                
                 pag.
                 48
                 ,
                 49
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Concerning
                 the
                 operation
                 upon
                 the
                 spirits
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Affections
                   of
                   the
                   mind
                
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 here
                 speak
                 and
                 mention
                 only
                 
                   three
                   Affections
                
                 of
                 the
                 mind
                 which
                 work
                 powerfully
                 upon
                 the
                 spirits
                 ,
                 conducing
                 
                   to
                   long
                   life
                
                 .
              
               
                 1
                 One
                 
                   Affection
                   of
                   the
                   Mind
                
                 which
                 works
                 effectually
                 upon
                 the
                 spirits
                 for
                 
                   Long
                   life
                
                 is
                 Hope
                 .
              
               
                 
                 The
                 
                   Lord
                   Bacon
                
                 saies
                 ,
                 Hope
                 is
                 most
                 beneficiall
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 
                   Affections
                   and
                   doth
                   much
                   to
                   the
                   prolongation
                   of
                   life
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   not
                   too
                   
                   often
                   frustrated
                   ,
                   but
                   entertaineth
                   the
                   fancy
                   with
                   an
                   expectation
                   of
                   good
                   :
                   therefore
                
                 (
                 saith
                 he
                 )
                 
                   they
                   whi●h
                   fix
                   and
                   propound
                   to
                   themselves
                   something
                   as
                   the
                   marke
                   and
                   scope
                   of
                   their
                   life
                   ,
                   and
                   continually
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   degrees
                   goe
                   forward
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   ,
                   are
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                
                 long
                 liv'd
                 ;
                 &
                 Hope
                 
                   is
                   as
                   a
                   Leaf-joy
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   beaten
                   out
                   to
                   a
                   great
                   extension
                   ,
                   like
                   gold
                   .
                
              
               
                 Now
                 the
                 diligent
                 Husbandman
                 in
                 this
                 
                   art
                   of
                   Planting
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 has
                 good
                 and
                 sure
                 grounds
                 for
                 Hope
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 from
                 many
                 
                   Promises
                   in
                   the
                   word
                
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 subordinate
                 grounds
                 from
                 
                   Reason
                   and
                   Experience
                
                 .
                 This
                 Hope
                 is
                 sown
                 with
                 the
                 seeds
                 of
                 his
                 fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 springs
                 up
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 from
                 yeare
                 to
                 yeare
                 his
                 Hope
                 grows
                 and
                 increaseth
                 with
                 his
                 Fruit-trees
                 .
                 He
                 laies
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 considers
                 what
                 great
                 
                   Profits
                   and
                   Pleasures
                
                 are
                 comming
                 towards
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 sees
                 by
                 experience
                 what
                 a
                 plentifull
                 harvest
                 of
                 
                   Profits
                   and
                   pleasures
                
                 others
                 receive
                 from
                 
                   Orchards
                   or
                   Gardens
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 as
                 fuel
                 ,
                 or
                 food
                 to
                 nourish
                 and
                 feed
                 Hope
                 ,
                 and
                 hold
                 it
                 in
                 strength
                 and
                 vigour
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 begins
                 to
                 receive
                 
                   Profits
                   and
                   Pleasures
                
                 from
                 his
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 these
                 refresh
                 Hope
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 it
                 grow
                 from
                 strength
                 to
                 strength
                 with
                 his
                 Fruit-trees
                 :
                 and
                 thus
                 from
                 yeare
                 to
                 yeare
                 
                 Hope
                 is
                 continued
                 and
                 increased
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 this
                 while
                 the
                 spirits
                 are
                 refreshed
                 ,
                 and
                 Hope
                 is
                 refreshed
                 and
                 are
                 ke●t
                 thereby
                 vigorous
                 and
                 strong
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 pleased
                 temper
                 and
                 condition
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 the
                 Master-workmen
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   first
                   wheele
                
                 (
                 a●
                 the
                 Author
                 saies
                 )
                 they
                 work
                 upon
                 all
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 for
                 
                   Prolongation
                   of
                   life
                
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 so
                 much
                 concerning
                 the
                 
                   operation
                   upon
                   the
                   spirits
                   by
                   Hope
                   .
                
              
               
                 2
                 Another
                 Affection
                 of
                 the
                 mind
                 which
                 in
                 this
                 imployment
                 works
                 upon
                 the
                 spirits
                 for
                 
                   long-life
                   ,
                   is
                   joy
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                 The
                 foresaid
                 Author
                 saies
                 :
                 That
                 this
                 
                   Affection
                   of
                   Ioy
                   works
                   so
                   powerfully
                   on
                   the
                   spirits
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   great
                   Ioyes
                   comming
                   suddenly
                   ,
                   and
                   unexpectedly
                   ,
                   do
                   overmuch
                   attenuate
                   ,
                   and
                   diffuse
                   the
                   spirits
                   .
                
                 But
                 now
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 danger
                 of
                 the
                 suddenness
                 of
                 Ioy
                 in
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 whereby
                 to
                 raise
                 and
                 over
                 much
                 diffuse
                 the
                 spirits
                 ;
                 for
                 such
                 things
                 at
                 cause
                 Ioy
                 in
                 the
                 imployment
                 of
                 
                   planting
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 are
                 
                   expected
                   ,
                   and
                   waited
                   for
                   ,
                   and
                   Hope
                   prepares
                   the
                   way
                   for
                   Ioy.
                   Ioy
                
                 is
                 a
                 cleare
                 ,
                 shining
                 ,
                 beautifull
                 affection
                 ,
                 and
                 rises
                 some
                 degrees
                 higher
                 then
                 
                   Hope
                   :
                   Ioy
                
                 in
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 earthly
                 things
                 is
                 lawfull
                 in
                 its
                 season
                 ;
                 there
                 's
                 
                   a
                   time
                   to
                   rejoyce
                
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 
                   a
                   time
                   to
                   mourne
                
                 :
                 And
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 lawfull
                 
                 joy
                 in
                 harvest
                 in
                 gathering
                 in
                 the
                 fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 Esay
                 9.3
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 commanded
                 and
                 allowed
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 Deut.
                 12.16
                 .
                 
                   Thou
                   shalt
                   rejoyce
                   before
                   the
                   Lord
                   thy
                   God
                   in
                   all
                   that
                   thou
                   puttest
                   thine
                   hand
                   unto
                   .
                
                 And
                 againe
                 ,
                 Deut.
                 16.15
                 .
                 
                   Because
                   the
                   Lord
                   thy
                   God
                   shall
                   blesse
                   thee
                   in
                   all
                   thy
                   increase
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   works
                   of
                   thine
                   hands
                   therefore
                   thou
                   shalt
                   surely
                   rejoyce
                   .
                
                 A
                 Christian
                 may
                 rejoyce
                 in
                 the
                 Lord
                 in
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 earthly
                 blessings
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 imployment
                 of
                 
                   Planting
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 grounds
                 and
                 occasions
                 of
                 rejoycing
                 :
                 The
                 joy
                 of
                 the
                 Husbandman
                 is
                 not
                 a
                 flash
                 and
                 so
                 away
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 
                   setled
                   and
                   habituall
                   joy
                
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 renewed
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 :
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 very
                 thing
                 the
                 aforesaid
                 Author
                 speaks
                 of
                 in
                 giving
                 instructions
                 concerning
                 
                   Long
                   life
                   .
                   This
                   life
                
                 (
                 saies
                 he
                 )
                 
                   (
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   may
                   be
                   )
                   is
                   so
                   to
                   be
                   ordered
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   have
                   many
                   renovations
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   and
                   the
                   spirit
                   by
                   continuall
                   conversing
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   actions
                   may
                   not
                   wax
                   dull
                   .
                
                 And
                 againe
                 
                   One
                   thing
                   above
                   all
                   is
                   gratefull
                   to
                   the
                   spirits
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   be
                   a
                   continuall
                   progress
                   to
                   the
                   more
                   benigne
                   :
                   and
                   no
                   doubt
                
                 (
                 saith
                 he
                 )
                 
                   it
                   furthereth
                
                 Long
                 life
                 ,
                 
                   to
                   have
                   all
                   things
                   from
                   our
                   youth
                   to
                   our
                   elder
                   age
                   mend
                   ,
                   and
                   grow
                   to
                   the
                   better
                   .
                
              
               
                 Now
                 this
                 imployment
                 of
                 
                   Planting
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 
                 is
                 above
                 all
                 humane
                 arts
                 ,
                 most
                 suitable
                 to
                 these
                 Rules
                 whereby
                 this
                 
                   Affection
                   of
                   joy
                
                 is
                 kept
                 fresh
                 and
                 vigorous
                 ,
                 which
                 also
                 keeps
                 the
                 spirits
                 cheerfull
                 and
                 lively
                 :
                 for
                 herein
                 
                   are
                   many
                   renovations
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   continual
                   progresse
                   to
                   the
                   more
                   benigne
                   ,
                   and
                   things
                   mending
                   and
                   growing
                   to
                   the
                   better
                   .
                   Ioy
                
                 is
                 continually
                 renewed
                 from
                 year
                 to
                 year
                 ,
                 yea
                 ,
                 in
                 divers
                 seasons
                 of
                 the
                 yeare
                 there
                 are
                 fresh
                 and
                 new
                 joyes
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 spring
                 of
                 the
                 year
                 joy
                 springs
                 a
                 fresh
                 in
                 beholding
                 the
                 
                   seeds
                   and
                   young
                   grafts
                   and
                   plants
                
                 spring
                 forth
                 vigorously
                 and
                 strongly
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 
                   buds
                   and
                   blossomes
                
                 breathing
                 forth
                 pretious
                 and
                 pleasant
                 
                   Odours
                   rejoyce
                   and
                   delight
                
                 the
                 inward
                 and
                 outward
                 senses
                 ,
                 promising
                 a
                 plentifull
                 Harvest
                 
                   of
                   fruits
                   in
                   Autume
                
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Sommer
                 long
                 joy
                 is
                 cherished
                 ,
                 with
                 
                   cool
                   fresh
                   ayres
                   ,
                   singing
                   of
                   Birds
                   ,
                   sight
                   of
                   abundance
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                
                 burd'ning
                 all
                 the
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 delighting
                 the
                 Eye
                 with
                 their
                 beautifull
                 formes
                 and
                 colours
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 
                   Autumne
                   joy
                
                 is
                 renewed
                 againe
                 with
                 a
                 rich
                 and
                 plentifull
                 Harvest
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Winter
                 long
                 joy
                 is
                 nourished
                 and
                 fed
                 with
                 a
                 free
                 use
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   Wines
                   ,
                   and
                   Delicates
                
                 made
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 So
                 here
                 's
                 a
                 succession
                 of
                 joys
                 ,
                 one
                 following
                 on
                 the
                 neck
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 whereby
                 
                 the
                 spirits
                 are
                 still
                 kept
                 in
                 a
                 cheerfull
                 temper
                 and
                 condition
                 ,
                 and
                 work
                 powerfully
                 on
                 the
                 
                   grosser
                   parts
                
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 conducing
                 to
                 Long-life
                 .
              
               
                 Concerning
                 the
                 lawfulness
                 of
                 rejoycing
                 in
                 earthly
                 blessings
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Caution
                 :
                 See
                 afterwards
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 
                   Affection
                   of
                   the
                   Mind
                
                 which
                 (
                 in
                 this
                 imployment
                 )
                 works
                 powerfully
                 upon
                 the
                 spirits
                 for
                 
                   Long
                   life
                
                 ,
                 3
                 is
                 Admiration
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Lord
                   Bacon
                
                 saies
                 :
                 
                   Admiration
                   and
                   light
                   Contemplation
                   ,
                   are
                   very
                   powerfull
                   to
                   the
                   Prolongation
                   of
                   lefe
                   .
                
                 This
                 affection
                 ascends
                 a
                 step
                 higher
                 then
                 the
                 other
                 two
                 ,
                 for
                 as
                 joy
                 rises
                 higher
                 then
                 Hope
                 ,
                 so
                 Admiration
                 higher
                 then
                 Ioy.
                 
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 our
                 duty
                 to
                 Admire
                 God
                 in
                 his
                 works
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 step
                 higher
                 then
                 simply
                 to
                 praise
                 him
                 .
                 When
                 we
                 look
                 upon
                 the
                 works
                 of
                 a
                 skilfull
                 Artificer
                 ,
                 and
                 commend
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 for
                 his
                 credit
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 we
                 admire
                 and
                 wonder
                 at
                 it
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 a
                 higher
                 commendation
                 .
                 The
                 Holy
                 Prophet
                 would
                 have
                 us
                 search
                 out
                 and
                 wonder
                 at
                 the
                 the
                 works
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 Ps.
                 111
                 ,
                 2.
                 
                 
                   The
                   works
                   of
                   the
                   Lord
                   are
                   great
                   ,
                   sought
                   out
                   of
                   all
                   them
                   that
                   have
                   pleasure
                   therein
                   .
                
                 Vers.
                 3.
                 
                 
                   His
                   work
                   is
                   honourable
                   and
                   glorious
                   :
                
                 and
                 he
                 calls
                 us
                 to
                 this
                 duty
                 of
                 
                   Admiration
                   ,
                   O
                   come
                   hither
                   and
                   behold
                   the
                   works
                   of
                   God
                   
                   how
                   wonderful
                   he
                   is
                   in
                   his
                   doings
                
                 !
                 Ps.
                 111.4
                 .
                 He
                 hath
                 so
                 done
                 his
                 
                   Marveilous
                   works
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   had
                   in
                   remembrance
                   .
                
              
               
                 Now
                 in
                 this
                 
                   Imployment
                   of
                   planting
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 are
                 many
                 things
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 and
                 understood
                 to
                 cause
                 admiration
                 ,
                 which
                 works
                 effectually
                 upon
                 the
                 spirits
                 for
                 long-life
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Baptist
                   :
                   Port
                
                 :
                 speaking
                 of
                 the
                 
                   wonderful
                   effects
                   of
                   Grafting
                
                 ,
                 
                 says
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 an
                 
                   ádmirable
                   Art
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 chiefest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 husbandman
                 work
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Artem
                   insitionis
                   admirabilem
                   esse
                   ac
                   totius
                   Agriculturae
                   nobilissimam
                   partem
                   ,
                   volup●tuosam
                   ,
                   utilem
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 When
                 he
                 considers
                 tha●
                 strange
                 effects
                 of
                 Grafting
                 ,
                 he
                 falls
                 a
                 wondering
                 ,
                 
                   O
                   mira
                   insitionis
                   potestas
                   !
                   &c.
                
                 And
                 Mizaldus
                 speaking
                 of
                 grafting
                 ,
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Insitionis
                   ope
                   artificiosâ
                   ,
                   multa
                   ad
                   stuporem
                   usqu●
                   miranda
                   fi●ri
                   ,
                
                 many
                 things
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 even
                 to
                 admiration
                 .
              
               
                 Austin
                 wonders
                 at
                 these
                 things
                 .
                 
                   Qui
                   majus
                   mirabiliusque
                   spectaculum
                   est
                   ,
                   quàm
                   cu●
                   positis
                   seminibus
                   ,
                   plantatis
                   surculis
                   ,
                   &
                   c
                   ?
                   〈◊〉
                   exiguo
                   grano
                   mirabilior
                   ,
                   praestantior
                   que
                   vi●
                   est
                   &c.
                   What
                   more
                   strange
                   things
                   are
                   to
                   〈◊〉
                   seen
                   in
                   Nature
                   ,
                   then
                   to
                   be
                   sowing
                   seeds
                   ,
                   setting
                   and
                   grafting
                   young
                   plants
                   ,
                   and
                   su●
                   like
                   works
                   ?
                   In
                   a
                   small
                   seed
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   wo●●derful
                   and
                   admirable
                   power
                   and
                   vertue
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 Many
                 
                   strange
                   things
                
                 may
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 this
                 imployment
                 .
              
               
                 Will
                 it
                 not
                 cause
                 Admiration
                 ,
                 to
                 consider
                 
                 that
                 a
                 huge
                 and
                 mighty
                 body
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 biggest
                 of
                 all
                 bodies
                 whatsoever
                 that
                 have
                 life
                 )
                 doth
                 arise
                 of
                 a
                 small
                 
                   kernel
                   or
                   seed
                
                 ,
                 that
                 that
                 seed
                 should
                 contain
                 in
                 it
                 (
                 
                   vertually
                   or
                   potentially
                
                 )
                 a
                 great
                 Tree
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 properties
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 retain
                 its
                 nature
                 exactly
                 in
                 every
                 particular
                 ?
              
               
                 Will
                 it
                 not
                 cause
                 Admiration
                 ,
                 to
                 see
                 
                 goodly
                 ,
                 wholesome
                 ,
                 and
                 beautiful
                 fruits
                 ,
                 come
                 forth
                 of
                 rough
                 and
                 crooked
                 Trees
                 ?
                 especially
                 to
                 observe
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 their
                 coming
                 forth
                 ,
                 the
                 care
                 that
                 Nature
                 takes
                 to
                 secure
                 and
                 preserve
                 the
                 seed
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 by
                 covering
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Buds
                   ,
                   Blossomes
                   ,
                   Skin
                
                 and
                 Substance
                 of
                 the
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Core
                   ,
                   Stones
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Shells
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 with
                 the
                 
                   leaves
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                
                 .
              
               
                 Will
                 it
                 not
                 cause
                 Admiration
                 ,
                 to
                 consider
                 
                 that
                 the
                 nature
                 and
                 properties
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Tree
                 ,
                 are
                 inclosed
                 ,
                 and
                 lye
                 in
                 every
                 small
                 twig
                 ,
                 yea
                 ,
                 in
                 every
                 bud
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 Bud
                 ,
                 yea
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Root
                 of
                 that
                 least
                 Bud
                 ,
                 (
                 in
                 some
                 no
                 bigger
                 then
                 a
                 pins
                 point
                 )
                 which
                 Bud
                 being
                 set
                 on
                 a
                 small
                 plant
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 Art
                 )
                 will
                 grow
                 to
                 a
                 Tree
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 respects
                 like
                 to
                 that
                 whence
                 it
                 was
                 taken
                 ?
              
               
               
                 
                 Will
                 it
                 not
                 cause
                 Admiration
                 to
                 consider
                 how
                 many
                 severall
                 substances
                 are
                 made
                 of
                 
                   one
                   simple
                   substance
                
                 ?
                 for
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 of
                 Trees
                 is
                 made
                 the
                 
                   Bark
                   ,
                   Wood
                   ,
                   Pith
                   ,
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   Buds
                   ,
                   Blossomes
                   ,
                   Stalks
                   ,
                   Fruit
                
                 and
                 Seed
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Will
                 it
                 not
                 cause
                 Admiration
                 to
                 consider
                 that
                 Grafts
                 and
                 Buds
                 set
                 upon
                 
                   Wild
                   stocks
                
                 (
                 such
                 as
                 naturally
                 bring
                 forth
                 sower
                 ,
                 harsh
                 and
                 noughty
                 fruits
                 )
                 that
                 though
                 the
                 
                   Grafts
                   and
                   Buds
                
                 be
                 nourished
                 by
                 that
                 
                   harsh
                   and
                   different
                   sap
                
                 ,
                 and
                 receive
                 all
                 their
                 substance
                 and
                 growth
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 yet
                 these
                 Grafts
                 ,
                 and
                 Buds
                 should
                 retaine
                 their
                 own
                 natures
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 be
                 altered
                 into
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Stock
                 whereon
                 they
                 grow
                 ,
                 but
                 have
                 power
                 to
                 digest
                 ,
                 change
                 ,
                 and
                 assimilate
                 this
                 harsh
                 and
                 sower
                 sap
                 ,
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 sweet
                 and
                 pleasant
                 natures
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 forth
                 fruits
                 accordingly
                 ?
              
               
                 
                 Will
                 it
                 not
                 cause
                 Admiration
                 to
                 see
                 little
                 small
                 Plants
                 of
                 but
                 two
                 years
                 old
                 (
                 and
                 some
                 but
                 of
                 one
                 year
                 ,
                 if
                 grafted
                 )
                 to
                 hang
                 full
                 of
                 fruits
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 beare
                 them
                 forth
                 to
                 their
                 naturall
                 bignesse
                 and
                 goodnesse
                 ,
                 and
                 notwithstanding
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 large
                 and
                 sufficient
                 growth
                 the
                 same
                 yeare
                 ?
              
               
                 
                 Will
                 it
                 not
                 cause
                 Admiration
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 
                 busie
                 and
                 industrious
                 bees
                 to
                 gather
                 H●ny
                 ,
                 evenfrom
                 the
                 flowers
                 ,
                 or
                 blossomes
                 of
                 
                   bitter
                   Almond-trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 flower●
                 and
                 Plants
                 ,
                 that
                 to
                 our
                 sense
                 are
                 bitter
                 and
                 unpleasant
                 ?
              
               
                 Will
                 it
                 not
                 cause
                 Admiration
                 to
                 see
                 very
                 
                 many
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 very
                 great
                 fruits
                 hang
                 upon
                 onely
                 one
                 
                   small
                   and
                   slender
                   twig
                
                 ?
                 A
                 great
                 Author
                 notes
                 it
                 for
                 a
                 strange
                 thing
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 nourishment
                 which
                 produceth
                 (
                 somtime
                 .
                 )
                 such
                 great
                 fruits
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 forced
                 to
                 pass
                 through
                 so
                 narrow
                 necks
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   stalk
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit.
                
                 
              
               
                 But
                 may
                 it
                 not
                 be
                 accounted
                 a
                 more
                 
                   strange
                   thing
                
                 ,
                 to
                 see
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 ,
                 fair
                 and
                 large
                 fruits
                 ,
                 to
                 hang
                 upon
                 a
                 slender
                 twig
                 ,
                 little
                 bigger
                 then
                 the
                 stalke
                 of
                 each
                 particular
                 fruit
                 growing
                 on
                 it
                 !
              
               
                 Will
                 it
                 not
                 cause
                 Admiration
                 to
                 see
                 one
                 
                 Tree
                 hang
                 full
                 of
                 
                   different
                   and
                   several
                   kinds
                   of
                   fruits
                   ,
                
                 as
                 an
                 Apple-tree
                 with
                 all
                 ,
                 or
                 ma●y
                 kinds
                 of
                 Apples
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 Cherry-tree
                 ,
                 with
                 ●ll
                 ,
                 or
                 many
                 kinds
                 of
                 Cherries
                 ?
                 So
                 of
                 other
                 kinds
                 of
                 trees
                 :
                 to
                 see
                 one
                 tree
                 hang
                 full
                 of
                 fruits
                 ,
                 different
                 in
                 their
                 
                   Forms
                   ,
                   Colours
                   ,
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   ●lossomes
                   ,
                
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 by
                 Grafting
                 ,
                 or
                 Inoculating
                 so
                 many
                 several
                 kinds
                 of
                 Buds
                 ,
                 or
                 Grafts
                 upon
                 one
                 tree
                 .
              
               
                 Will
                 it
                 not
                 cause
                 Admiration
                 to
                 stand
                 
                 
                 upon
                 a
                 Mount
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 a
                 fair
                 large
                 Orchard
                 in
                 the
                 spring
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 behold
                 round
                 about
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 beautiful
                 Blossomes
                 ,
                 different
                 in
                 their
                 shapes
                 and
                 colours
                 ,
                 ravishing
                 the
                 sense
                 with
                 their
                 sweet
                 Odours
                 ,
                 and
                 within
                 a
                 while
                 ,
                 turned
                 into
                 faire
                 and
                 goodly
                 fruits
                 of
                 divers
                 
                   Colours
                   and
                   Kinds
                
                 ;
                 the
                 Fruit-trees
                 gorgeously
                 arrayed
                 with
                 green
                 leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 various
                 colour'd
                 fruits
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 so
                 many
                 precious
                 
                   Iewels
                   &
                   Pearls
                
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 thus
                 much
                 touching
                 the
                 operation
                 upon
                 the
                 spirits
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 Long-life
                 ,
                 by
                 these
                 three
                 
                   affections
                   ,
                   Hope
                   ,
                   Ioy
                   ,
                   Admiration
                   .
                
              
               
                 3
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 This
                 ▪
                 
                   imployment
                   of
                   planting
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                   is
                   profitable
                   to
                   the
                   mind
                   .
                
                 First
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 Knowledge
                 .
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 Meditations
                 .
              
               
                 1
                 This
                 work
                 is
                 profitable
                 to
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 by
                 storing
                 it
                 with
                 variety
                 of
                 objects
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   profitable
                   notions
                
                 ,
                 both
                 
                   natural
                   ,
                   moral
                
                 ,
                 and
                 spiritual
              
               
                 How
                 variously
                 does
                 Nature
                 discover
                 it self
                 in
                 
                   Planting
                   ,
                   Grafting
                   ,
                   Budding
                   ,
                   Blossoming
                   ,
                   and
                   bearing
                   Fruits
                   .
                
                 So
                 that
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 studious
                 in
                 the
                 search
                 of
                 the
                 
                   secrets
                   of
                   Nature
                
                 ,
                 may
                 observe
                 the
                 process
                 and
                 course
                 thereof
                 in
                 manifold
                 respects
                 about
                 these
                 things
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 multitudes
                 of
                 Experiments
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 out
                 for
                 use
                 and
                 profit
                 .
                 If
                 men
                 will
                 
                 but
                 joyn
                 Contemplation
                 and
                 
                   Action
                   ,
                   Study
                
                 and
                 Practise
                 together
                 ,
                 they
                 shall
                 find
                 (
                 even
                 in
                 this
                 one
                 Volumn
                 or
                 Book
                 of
                 the
                 Orchard
                 )
                 many
                 useful
                 and
                 fruitful
                 Lessons
                 ,
                 for
                 temporal
                 and
                 spiritual
                 advantage
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 as
                 the
                 imployment
                 is
                 
                   profitable
                   to
                   the
                   mind
                
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 knowledge
                 :
                 2
                 so
                 also
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 Meditation
                 ,
                 by
                 occasion
                 whereof
                 the
                 affections
                 of
                 the
                 soul
                 may
                 (
                 with
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 spirit
                 )
                 be
                 raised
                 ,
                 and
                 turned
                 into
                 a
                 spiritual
                 temper
                 .
              
               
                 How
                 fitly
                 does
                 the
                 
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 offer
                 unto
                 us
                 that
                 most
                 profitable
                 and
                 fruitful
                 
                   Meditation
                   of
                   our
                   first
                   fall
                   ,
                   and
                   original
                   sin
                   ,
                
                 whereof
                 we
                 were
                 all
                 guilty
                 ,
                 
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Place
                
                 ;
                 even
                 
                   in
                   an
                   Orchard
                   or
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   :
                
                 in
                 which
                 Meditation
                 our
                 affections
                 should
                 work
                 to
                 lay
                 our selves
                 low
                 in
                 our
                 own
                 eyes
                 ,
                 to
                 abhor
                 ourselves
                 :
                 and
                 to
                 exalt
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 abundantly
                 to
                 joy
                 in
                 the
                 infinite
                 and
                 boundless
                 mercy
                 of
                 God
                 in
                 Christ
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 he
                 took
                 pity
                 on
                 poor
                 Man
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 fallen
                 ,
                 and
                 passed
                 by
                 the
                 Angels
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 fallen
                 ,
                 (
                 Creatures
                 by
                 creation
                 more
                 exce'lent
                 then
                 Man
                 )
                 and
                 left
                 them
                 in
                 an
                 irrecoverable
                 state
                 of
                 misery
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 ,
                 even
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 we
                 had
                 sinned
                 ,
                 promised
                 us
                 a
                 Saviour
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 fulness
                 of
                 time
                 was
                 come
                 ,
                 sent
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 world
                 .
                 In
                 consideration
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 our
                 
                   Affection
                   of
                   Love
                   to
                   ,
                   joy
                   in
                   ,
                   and
                   Admiration
                   of
                   God
                   ,
                
                 should
                 be
                 inlarged
                 and
                 boundless
                 .
                 O
                 the
                 height
                 and
                 
                   depth
                   of
                
                 the
                 
                   Mercy
                   and
                   Justice
                   of
                   God
                
                 ,
                 towards
                 the
                 
                   Angels
                   Justice
                
                 ,
                 but
                 towards
                 us
                 Mercy
                 .
                 What
                 can
                 we
                 render
                 unto
                 the
                 Lord
                 for
                 this
                 his
                 infinite
                 mercy
                 ?
                 Now
                 seeing
                 he
                 looks
                 for
                 nothing
                 but
                 
                   Love
                   and
                   Praise
                
                 ,
                 let
                 us
                 begin
                 it
                 here
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 hold
                 on
                 to
                 all
                 eternity
                 .
              
               
                 4
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 
                   Planting
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                   is
                   profitable
                   to
                   the
                   name
                
                 of
                 the
                 Planter
                 .
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 are
                 
                   living
                   ,
                   lasting
                   monuments
                
                 ,
                 and
                 bear
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 perpetuate
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 him
                 that
                 Planted
                 and
                 Laboured
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 both
                 while
                 he
                 lives
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 generations
                 after
                 .
                 A
                 late
                 Author
                 *
                 says
                 ,
                 that
                 Apple-trees
                 and
                 Pear-trees
                 (
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 kinds
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 )
                 on
                 good
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 duly
                 ordered
                 ,
                 will
                 last
                 800
                 or
                 900
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 earthly
                 thing
                 is
                 better
                 then
                 a
                 
                   good
                   Name
                   ?
                   Solomon
                
                 tells
                 us
                 ,
                 Eccl.
                 7.1
                 .
                 
                   A
                   good
                   name
                   is
                   better
                   then
                   precious
                   oyntment
                   :
                
                 And
                 again
                 ,
                 Prov.
                 22.1
                 .
                 
                   A
                   good
                   name
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   chosen
                   before
                   great
                   riches
                   ,
                   and
                   loving
                   favour
                   is
                   above
                   silver
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   and
                   above
                   gold
                
                 .
                 One
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   best
                   temper
                   of
                   minds
                   desire
                   a
                   good
                   name
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   lighter
                   popularity
                   and
                   applause
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   A
                   good
                   name
                
                 is
                 not
                 onely
                 to
                 be
                 desired
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 to
                 be
                 highly
                 prized
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 reckoned
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 earthly
                 blessings
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 the
                 
                   beauty
                   of
                   it
                
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 
                   permanency
                   of
                   it
                
                 ,
                 it
                 abides
                 when
                 
                   friends
                   ,
                   riches
                   ,
                   life
                   and
                   all
                   is
                   lost
                   .
                
                 Now
                 one
                 way
                 to
                 gain
                 and
                 keep
                 a
                 
                   good
                   name
                
                 ,
                 is
                 by
                 gifts
                 and
                 benefits
                 :
                 The
                 worst
                 temper
                 of
                 minds
                 are
                 won
                 ,
                 and
                 held
                 by
                 gifts
                 and
                 
                   good
                   turns
                
                 :
                 it
                 's
                 natural
                 to
                 all
                 creatures
                 ,
                 to
                 love
                 those
                 that
                 do
                 them
                 good
                 ;
                 and
                 who
                 can
                 
                   so
                   easily
                
                 give
                 
                   so
                   great
                   ,
                   so
                   many
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   so
                   acceptable
                   gifts
                
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 husbandman
                 ,
                 that
                 yearly
                 nurseth
                 up
                 multitudes
                 of
                 fruit-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 hath
                 store
                 of
                 
                   pleasant
                   fruits
                   ,
                   wines
                
                 ,
                 and
                 delicates
                 made
                 of
                 them
                 ?
                 While
                 he
                 lives
                 ,
                 he
                 bestows
                 young
                 
                   fruit-trees
                   ,
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 acceptable
                 gifts
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 dead
                 ,
                 his
                 
                   Orchards
                   ,
                   Gardens
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 live
                 &
                 flourish
                 ,
                 and
                 occasion
                 a
                 remembrance
                 of
                 his
                 Name
                 for
                 many
                 
                   ages
                   after
                   him
                
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 secondly
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   gifts
                   and
                   good
                   turnes
                
                 ,
                 gaine
                 a
                 
                   good
                   name
                
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 conversant
                 and
                 imployed
                 about
                 works
                 for
                 the
                 
                   Publick
                   and
                   general
                   profit
                   of
                   a
                   Commonweal
                
                 :
                 such
                 works
                 produce
                 the
                 same
                 effect
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 know
                 all
                 labours
                 and
                 imployments
                 ,
                 that
                 bring
                 both
                 Profit
                 and
                 Pleasure
                 ,
                 are
                 approved
                 &
                 praised
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 advantage
                 be
                 but
                 to
                 a
                 
                   private
                   family
                
                 ,
                 how
                 much
                 more
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 for
                 a
                 Commonweal
                 ?
              
               
                 And
                 besides
                 this
                 
                   Moral
                   consideration
                
                 ,
                 God
                 
                 hath
                 promised
                 the
                 great
                 blessing
                 of
                 a
                 
                   good
                   name
                
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 are
                 conversant
                 in
                 good
                 imployments
                 ,
                 Rom.
                 13.3
                 .
                 
                   Do
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   thou
                   shalt
                   have
                   praise
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   .
                
                 Rom
                 2.10
                 .
                 
                   Glory
                   ,
                   honour
                   ,
                   and
                   peace
                   ,
                   to
                   every
                   one
                   that
                   worketh
                   good
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   Jew
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   also
                   on
                   the
                   Gentile
                   .
                
              
               
                 So
                 then
                 ,
                 the
                 work
                 of
                 
                   Planting
                   fruit-trees
                
                 is
                 
                   profitable
                   to
                   the
                   name
                
                 of
                 the
                 Husbandman
                 ,
                 both
                 while
                 he
                 lives
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Generations
                 after
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 5
                 Fifthly
                 ,
                 An
                 
                   Orchard
                   or
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 employment
                 about
                 them
                 
                   inprofitable
                   to
                   others
                
                 :
                 First
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 times
                 ;
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 
                   profit
                   to
                   others
                
                 ,
                 is
                 by
                 bestowing
                 our
                 fruits
                 on
                 friends
                 and
                 neighbours
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 want
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 God
                 require
                 not
                 to
                 himself
                 (
                 as
                 formerly
                 )
                 
                   the
                   first
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   fruit
                   of
                   all
                   trees
                   ,
                   year
                   by
                   year
                   ,
                
                 Nehem.
                 10.35
                 .
                 Yet
                 God
                 requires
                 year
                 by
                 year
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 bestowes
                 all
                 upon
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 should
                 give●
                 part
                 to
                 himself
                 again
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 to
                 his
                 poor
                 members
                 that
                 want
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 obtain
                 a
                 blessing
                 upon
                 all
                 our
                 labours
                 .
                 Deut.
                 15.10
                 .
                 
                   Thou
                   shalt
                   surely
                   give
                   unto
                   him
                   (
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   unto
                   thy
                   poor
                   Brother
                   )
                   &
                   thine
                   heart
                   shall
                   not
                   be
                   grieved
                   when
                   thou
                   givest
                   unto
                   him
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   for
                   this
                   thing
                   ,
                   the
                   Lord
                   thy
                   God
                   shall
                   bless
                   thee
                   in
                   al●
                   
                   thy
                   works
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   all
                   thou
                   puttest
                   thy
                   hand
                   unto
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   A
                   Gift
                   to
                   the
                   Poor
                
                 is
                 a
                 gainful
                 gift
                 ,
                 for
                 by
                 it
                 a
                 man
                 becomes
                 Creditor
                 to
                 his
                 Creator
                 ,
                 Prov.
                 19.17
                 .
                 
                   He
                   that
                   giveth
                   to
                   the
                   poor
                   ,
                   lendeth
                   to
                   the
                   Lord
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Lord
                   will
                   recompence
                   him
                   .
                
                 Eccles.
                 35.11
                 .
                 
                   The
                   Lord
                   recompenceth
                   ,
                   &
                   will
                   give
                   thee
                   seven
                   times
                   as
                   much
                   .
                
              
               
                 Likewise
                 ,
                 the
                 fruits
                 of
                 an
                 Orchard
                 are
                 
                   profitable
                   to
                   others
                
                 that
                 buy
                 them
                 :
                 the
                 Buyer
                 having
                 good
                 and
                 profitable
                 Commodities
                 for
                 his
                 money
                 ,
                 has
                 profit
                 thereby
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 Seller
                 .
              
               
                 Yea
                 ,
                 this
                 labour
                 
                   is
                   profitable
                   to
                   others
                
                 in
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 ,
                 
                   Qui
                   serunt
                   Arbores
                   ,
                   alteri
                   seculo
                   prosunt
                   .
                
                 After
                 ages
                 receive
                 much
                 profit
                 also
                 :
                 When
                 our selves
                 and
                 others
                 have
                 received
                 our
                 full
                 portion
                 of
                 profit
                 ,
                 then
                 Fruit-trees
                 are
                 left
                 to
                 children
                 ,
                 and
                 posterity
                 to
                 receive
                 Profit
                 many
                 Generations
                 after
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 thus
                 much
                 touching
                 the
                 
                   Third
                   humane
                   Argument
                
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Profits
                 that
                 are
                 received
                 from
                 a
                 
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   fourth
                   humane
                   Argument
                   of
                   the
                   dignity
                   and
                   value
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   and
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   Planting
                   ,
                
                 4
                 is
                 ,
                 
                   Argumentum
                   a
                   voluptate
                
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Pleasures
                 that
                 are
                 receiv'd
                 thereby
                 .
                 Pleasure
                 is
                 called
                 ,
                 
                   sal
                   &
                   condimentum
                   vitae
                
                 .
                 The
                 salt
                 that
                 seasons
                 all
                 things
                 to
                 us
                 .
                 In
                 
                 all
                 that
                 a
                 man
                 hath
                 pleasure
                 in
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 makes
                 it
                 acceptable
                 .
                 Pleasure
                 (
                 as
                 one
                 says
                 )
                 is
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 every
                 thing
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 pattern
                 of
                 Heaven
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 ,
                 we
                 find
                 pleasure
                 in
                 an
                 
                   Orchard
                   or
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 suitable
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Senses
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 .
                 And
                 here
                 's
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 
                   pleasures
                   with
                   profits
                
                 :
                 for
                 divers
                 objects
                 of
                 the
                 senses
                 ,
                 are
                 both
                 
                   pleasant
                   and
                   profitable
                
                 :
                 this
                 imployment
                 is
                 richly
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 both
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 shew'd
                 some
                 particulars
                 wherein
                 profit
                 consi●●s
                 ,
                 so
                 likewise
                 I
                 will
                 shew
                 some
                 particulars
                 wherein
                 pleasure
                 consists
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 a
                 
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 .
              
               
                 Each
                 sense
                 hath
                 its
                 particular
                 pleasure
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 for
                 the
                 
                   sense
                   of
                   hearing
                
                 .
              
               
                 1
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 
                   pleasure
                   to
                   the
                   Ear
                
                 to
                 hear
                 the
                 
                   sweet
                   notes
                   and
                   tunes
                
                 of
                 singing
                 Birds
                 ,
                 whose
                 company
                 a
                 man
                 shall
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 have
                 in
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 more
                 pleasant
                 there
                 ,
                 then
                 elsewhere
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 other
                 concurrent
                 pleasures
                 there
                 :
                 a
                 
                   Consort
                   of
                   Musick
                
                 is
                 more
                 pleasant
                 them
                 upon
                 a
                 single
                 Instrument
                 .
                 The
                 Poet
                 took
                 notice
                 of
                 this
                 pleasure
                 .
                 
                   
                     Aves
                     Canoros
                     garrulae
                     fundunt
                     sonos
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Et
                     semper
                     Aures
                     cantibus
                     mulcent
                     suis.
                     
                  
                
                 Melodious
                 ditties
                 ,
                 chirping
                 Birds
                 indite
                 ,
                 Whose
                 
                   pleasant
                   songs
                
                 ,
                 our
                 ravisht●ars
                 ●ars
                 invite
              
               
               
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 something
                 more
                 this
                 sense
                 may
                 receive
                 from
                 an
                 Orchard
                 (
                 though
                 it
                 have
                 least
                 share
                 of
                 pleasure
                 therein
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 senses
                 )
                 by
                 hearing
                 the
                 slow
                 motion
                 of
                 
                   Boughs
                   and
                   Leaves
                
                 ,
                 by
                 soft
                 and
                 gentle
                 Airs
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 )
                 with
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 singing
                 or
                 whistling
                 noise
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 easily
                 induce
                 a
                 sweet
                 and
                 pleasant
                 sleep
                 in
                 summer
                 time
                 (
                 if
                 a
                 man
                 be
                 dispos'd
                 )
                 in
                 some
                 close
                 cool
                 Arbour
                 ,
                 or
                 shady
                 seat
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 2
                 the
                 sense
                 of
                 Touch
                 may
                 have
                 Pleasure
                 in
                 an
                 Orchard
                 from
                 the
                 cool
                 fruits
                 and
                 leaves
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 smoothing
                 and
                 brushing
                 the
                 face
                 therewith
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 refreshing
                 and
                 cooling
                 in
                 heat
                 of
                 Summer
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 sense
                 receives
                 Pleasure
                 ,
                 chiefly
                 by
                 the
                 
                   shade
                   of
                   trees
                
                 in
                 sommer
                 time
                 .
                 Cool
                 refreshing
                 Ayres
                 are
                 found
                 in
                 close
                 
                   Walks
                   ,
                   Seats
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Arbours
                 under
                 and
                 about
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 which
                 keep
                 off
                 the
                 burning
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Opaca
                   prebent
                   arbores
                   umbracula
                   ,
                   prohibentque
                   densis
                   fervidum
                   ,
                   solem
                   comis
                   ,
                
                 
                   Green
                   Canopies
                   the
                   shady
                   Trees
                   us
                   lend
                   'Gainst
                   scorching
                   sun
                   ,
                   boughs
                   thick
                   whilst
                   they
                   extend
                   .
                
              
               
                 Yea
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 simply
                 keep
                 off
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 much
                 cool
                 the
                 ayre
                 by
                 its
                 contact
                 of
                 these
                 cool
                 
                   bodies
                   ,
                   
                   Trees
                   ,
                   Fruits
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Leaves
                 ;
                 coole
                 fresh
                 aires
                 in
                 heat
                 of
                 sommer
                 are
                 sought
                 for
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 not
                 onely
                 pleasant
                 ,
                 but
                 exceeding
                 profitable
                 ,
                 and
                 healthful
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 .
                 Here
                 Profit
                 and
                 Pleasure
                 mee●
                 and
                 imbrace
                 each
                 other
                 .
                 And
                 hereto
                 agrees
                 the
                 L.
                 Bacon
                 ,
                 who
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Exclusion
                   of
                   aire
                   is
                   profitable
                   to
                   long
                   life
                
                 ;
                 
                 
                   for
                   aire
                   is
                   predatory
                   to
                   long-life
                   through
                   the
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   sun
                   ▪
                   and
                   ought
                   (
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   is
                   possible
                   )
                   to
                   be
                   excluded
                   from
                   the
                   body
                   .
                
                 Now
                 ,
                 what
                 better
                 place
                 is
                 there
                 ,
                 to
                 exclude
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 from
                 the
                 body
                 in
                 sommer
                 season
                 ,
                 the●
                 amongst
                 the
                 
                   shady
                   trees
                   ,
                   Arbours
                   and
                   Walk
                   in
                   the
                   Orchard
                   ?
                
              
               
                 
                 It
                 's
                 laid
                 for
                 a
                 ground
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   condensing
                   the
                   spirits
                   in
                   their
                   substance
                   is
                   available
                   t●
                   long-life
                   ,
                   which
                   (
                   he
                   tells
                   us
                   )
                   is
                   done
                   most
                   effectually
                   by
                   cool
                   aires
                   .
                   Refrigeration
                   ,
                   or
                   cooling
                   of
                   the
                   body
                   from
                   without
                   ,
                   is
                   above
                   al●
                   things
                   necessary
                   to
                   long-life
                   .
                
              
               
                 So
                 then
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   pleasure
                   this
                   sense
                
                 receive●
                 from
                 a
                 Garden
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 much
                 esteem'd
                 .
              
               
                 3
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   sense
                   of
                   sight
                
                 ,
                 partakes
                 
                   o●
                   Pleasure
                
                 in
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 in
                 beholding
                 the
                 exact
                 Order
                 in
                 Planting
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 their
                 
                   decent
                   forms
                
                 ,
                 the
                 well
                 composed
                 
                   Allies
                   ,
                   Walks
                   ,
                   Seats
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Arbours
                 therein
                 :
                 for
                 
                   Order
                   and
                   curious
                   forms
                
                 of
                 things
                 ,
                 much
                 
                   delight
                   
                   the
                   sight
                
                 :
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 see
                 L.
                 Bacon
                 at
                 large
                 .
              
               
                 Likewise
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   sight
                
                 is
                 delighted
                 with
                 pleasant
                 and
                 delicate
                 
                   Colours
                   of
                   the
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   Blossomes
                   ,
                   and
                   Fruits
                   ,
                
                 that
                 shew
                 themselves
                 in
                 great
                 variety
                 ,
                 
                   curious
                   Colours
                
                 ,
                 especially
                 the
                 
                   Colour
                   green
                
                 ,
                 is
                 accounted
                 helpful
                 to
                 the
                 sight
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Fons
                   ,
                   speculum
                   ,
                   Gramen
                   ,
                   Oculis
                   sunt
                   alleviamen
                   :
                
                 
                   Green
                   grass
                   ,
                   clear
                   grass
                   ,
                   and
                   fountaines
                   pure
                
                 
                   Refresh
                   Eye-sight
                   ,
                   long
                   to
                   endure
                   .
                
                 
                   Here
                   again
                   Profit
                   and
                   Pleasure
                   meet
                   .
                
              
               
                 And
                 as
                 foul
                 and
                 odious
                 objects
                 presented
                 to
                 the
                 sight
                 ,
                 
                 cause
                 dislike
                 in
                 the
                 spirits
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 retire
                 and
                 shun
                 such
                 objects
                 ,
                 so
                 
                   ê
                   contrario
                   verum
                
                 ,
                 the
                 contrary
                 holds
                 in
                 
                   delightful
                   and
                   pleasant
                
                 objects
                 of
                 the
                 sight
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 spirits
                 thereby
                 are
                 delighted
                 .
                 He
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Objects
                   of
                   the
                   sight
                   ,
                   as
                   comming
                   into
                   a
                   faire
                   Garden
                   ,
                   or
                   into
                   a
                   fair
                   Room
                   richly
                   furnished
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   ,
                   do
                   delight
                   and
                   exhilerate
                   the
                   spirits
                   much
                   .
                
                 The
                 beautiful
                 flowers
                 of
                 various
                 colours
                 ,
                 amongst
                 the
                 lovely
                 Blooms
                 of
                 Trees
                 and
                 Plants
                 ,
                 what
                 a
                 glorious
                 shew
                 will
                 they
                 make
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Flores
                   nitescunt
                   ,
                   discolore
                   gramine
                   ,
                
                 
                   Pinguntque
                   terras
                   gemmeis
                   honoribus
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Gay
                   flowers
                   woven
                   with
                   discoloured
                   grass
                   ,
                
                 
                   With
                   rich
                   imbroidered
                   Robes
                   the
                   earth
                   compass
                   .
                
              
               
                 Is
                 it
                 not
                 a
                 
                   pleasant
                   sight
                
                 to
                 behold
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 Trees
                 round
                 about
                 :
                 in
                 
                   decent
                   form
                   and
                   order
                
                 ,
                 bespangled
                 ,
                 and
                 gorgeously
                 apparelled
                 with
                 
                   green
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   Blooms
                   ,
                   and
                   goodly
                   Fruits
                   ,
                
                 as
                 with
                 a
                 rich
                 Robe
                 of
                 imbroidered
                 work
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 hanging
                 with
                 some
                 pretious
                 and
                 costly
                 Jewels
                 or
                 Pearls
                 ;
                 the
                 Boughs
                 laden
                 and
                 burdened
                 ,
                 bowing
                 down
                 to
                 you
                 ,
                 and
                 freely
                 offering
                 their
                 ripe
                 fruits
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 large
                 satisfaction
                 of
                 all
                 your
                 labours
                 ?
              
               
                 
                   Aspice
                   curvatos
                   pomorum
                   pondere
                   ramos
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                   Vt
                   sua
                   ,
                   quod
                   peperit
                   ,
                   vix
                   ferat
                   Arbor
                   on●●
                
                 
                   The
                   laden
                   boughs
                   ,
                   with
                   weight
                   of
                   Apples
                   ,
                   crack
                   ;
                
                 
                   And
                   Trees
                   to
                   bear
                   their
                   burthens
                   strength
                   do
                   lack
                   .
                
              
               
                 4
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   sense
                   of
                   smell
                
                 ,
                 may
                 likewise
                 have
                 its
                 share
                 of
                 pleasure
                 in
                 a
                 Garden
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 .
                 
                   L.
                   Bacon
                
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   sme●●
                   of
                   new
                   and
                   pure
                   earth
                   ,
                   
                   excellently
                   refreshet
                   the
                   spirits
                
                 ;
                 he
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   A
                   certain
                   great
                   Lord
                   who
                   lived
                   long
                   ,
                   had
                   every
                   morning
                   ,
                   immediately
                   after
                   sleep
                   ,
                   a
                   clod
                   of
                   fresh
                   earth
                   lai●
                   
                   under
                   his
                   nose
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   might
                   take
                   the
                   smell
                   thereof
                
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 again
                 ,
                 
                   Good
                   earth
                   ,
                   newly
                   ▪
                   turned
                   up
                   ,
                   hath
                   a
                   freshness
                   and
                   good
                   sent
                   .
                
                 And
                 that
                 the
                 
                   leaves
                   and
                   branches
                   of
                   some
                   Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   odorous
                   and
                   sweet
                   .
                
                 He
                 says
                 likewise
                 ,
                 
                 
                   That
                   the
                   leaves
                   of
                   Trees
                   falling
                   towards
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   the
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   yield
                   a
                   good
                   refreshing
                   to
                   the
                   spirits
                   .
                
                 And
                 that
                 
                   the
                   Moss
                   of
                   some
                   Apple●trees
                   hath
                   an
                   excellent
                   sent
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   used
                   of
                   Perfumers
                   .
                
              
               
                 But
                 chiefly
                 ,
                 The
                 
                   pleasure
                   this
                   sense
                
                 meets
                 with
                 ,
                 is
                 from
                 the
                 
                   sweet
                   smelling
                   blossomes
                
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 fruit-trees
                 ,
                 which
                 from
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 breaking
                 sorth
                 ,
                 till
                 their
                 fall
                 ,
                 breath
                 out
                 a
                 most
                 precious
                 and
                 pleasant
                 odour
                 ;
                 perfuming
                 the
                 Aire
                 throughout
                 all
                 the
                 Orchard
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 Author
                 observes
                 ,
                 
                 That
                 the
                 most
                 
                   Delicate
                   Smells
                
                 ,
                 are
                 from
                 those
                 Plants
                 whose
                 Leaves
                 smell
                 not
                 ,
                 and
                 amongst
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 he
                 mentions
                 
                   Blooms
                   of
                   Apple-trees
                
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 in
                 another
                 of
                 his
                 Experiments
                 ,
                 
                 he
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   generally
                   those
                   smells
                   are
                   most
                   grateful
                   and
                   pleasant
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   degree
                   of
                   heat
                   is
                   small
                   :
                   for
                   those
                   things
                   do
                   rather
                   woe
                   the
                   sense
                   then
                   satiate
                   it
                   .
                   And
                   prefers
                   cool
                   smells
                   before
                   hot
                   ,
                   for
                   comforting
                   of
                   the
                   heart
                   .
                
              
               
                 Now
                 ,
                 The
                 
                   Blooms
                   of
                   Apple-trees
                   ,
                   Pear-trees
                   ,
                   
                   Cherry-trees
                   ,
                
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 have
                 small
                 degrees
                 of
                 heat
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 
                   Odour
                   is
                   pleasant
                   and
                   wholsome
                
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 besides
                 the
                 pleasure
                 of
                 this
                 perfumed
                 Aire
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 also
                 very
                 profitable
                 ,
                 and
                 healthful
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 .
                 Here
                 again
                 ,
                 Profit
                 and
                 Pleasure
                 meet
                 together
                 and
                 imbrace
                 .
                 
                   An
                   Odores
                   nutriunt
                
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 question
                 amongst
                 Philosophers
                 :
                 some
                 hold
                 sweet
                 perfumes
                 nourishing
                 ,
                 doubtless
                 they
                 give
                 a
                 great
                 refreshing
                 to
                 the
                 spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 whatsoever
                 delights
                 and
                 cheers
                 ,
                 the
                 spirits
                 is
                 without
                 controversie
                 very
                 advantagious
                 to
                 the
                 health
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 spirits
                 are
                 the
                 chief
                 workers
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 proceed
                 all
                 ,
                 or
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 effects
                 wrought
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 good
                 or
                 bad
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 temper
                 of
                 the
                 spirits
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Sweet
                   Perfumes
                
                 work
                 immediately
                 upon
                 the
                 spirits
                 for
                 their
                 refreshing
                 ,
                 but
                 
                   meat
                   and
                   drink
                
                 ,
                 by
                 ambages
                 and
                 length
                 of
                 time
                 :
                 sweet
                 and
                 healthful
                 Aires
                 are
                 special
                 preservatives
                 to
                 health
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 much
                 to
                 be
                 prised
                 .
              
               
                 Is
                 the
                 Curative
                 part
                 of
                 Physick
                 so
                 worthy
                 and
                 excellent
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 preservative
                 part
                 ?
                 It
                 s
                 better
                 to
                 stand
                 fast
                 ,
                 then
                 to
                 fall
                 and
                 rise
                 again
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   sweet
                   perfumed
                   ,
                   fresh
                   ▪
                   wholsome
                   Aire
                
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 chiefly
                 found
                 in
                 
                   Gardens
                   
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 )
                 is
                 greatly
                 available
                 to
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 
                   pleasant
                   to
                   the
                   sense
                
                 .
              
               
                 Fifthly
                 ,
                 5
                 The
                 
                   Sense
                   of
                   Taste
                
                 hath
                 its
                 pleasure
                 in
                 an
                 Orchard
                 .
                 This
                 sense
                 meets
                 with
                 pleasure
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 of
                 the
                 year
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 fruits
                 of
                 an
                 Orchard
                 .
                 The
                 pleasure
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 senses
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 but
                 at
                 some
                 seasons
                 of
                 the
                 year
                 onely
                 .
                 This
                 sense
                 hath
                 pleasure
                 from
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 ripe
                 ,
                 and
                 raw
                 fruits
                 ,
                 besides
                 meats
                 and
                 drinks
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 dainties
                 made
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 ordinary
                 food
                 they
                 afford
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 more
                 delicate
                 for
                 Banque●s
                 ,
                 are
                 also
                 good
                 and
                 healthful
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 
                   pleasant
                   to
                   the
                   taste
                
                 .
                 Here
                 again
                 ,
                 
                   pleasure
                   and
                   profit
                
                 meet
                 and
                 imbrace
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 Poet
                 :
                 
                   
                     Hortus
                     salubres
                     praebet
                     corpori
                     cibos
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Oblecitat
                     Hortus
                     ,
                     avocat
                     ,
                     pascit
                     ,
                     tenet
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     garden
                     to
                     the
                     body
                     ,
                     gives
                     sound
                     and
                     healthful
                     meats
                     ,
                  
                   
                     The
                     garden
                     pleases
                     most
                     ,
                     draws
                     ,
                     holds
                     ,
                     and
                     feeds
                     with
                     delicates
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 what
                 place
                 is
                 fitter
                 for
                 the
                 table
                 ,
                 then
                 some
                 
                   sweet
                   ,
                   shady
                   ,
                   cool
                   Arbour
                   in
                   the
                   Garden
                   ?
                
                 And
                 what
                 meats
                 better
                 befitting
                 that
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 year
                 ,
                 then
                 some
                 
                   dainty
                   dishes
                   made
                   of
                   the
                   cool
                   fruits
                   
                   of
                   the
                   Orchard
                   ?
                
                 At
                 which
                 time
                 cooling
                 and
                 refreshing
                 the
                 spirits
                 from
                 within
                 and
                 with
                 out
                 by
                 cool
                 Aires
                 ,
                 and
                 cool
                 meats
                 ,
                 is
                 most
                 advantagious
                 for
                 
                   health
                   and
                   long
                   life
                
                 :
                 for
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 chief
                 means
                 (
                 at
                 that
                 season
                 )
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 spirits
                 in
                 a
                 fine
                 ,
                 pleasant
                 ,
                 equall
                 temper
                 ;
                 yea
                 some
                 fruits
                 have
                 higher
                 vertues
                 ascribed
                 to
                 them
                 then
                 barely
                 to
                 nourish
                 ,
                 some
                 Apples
                 are
                 accounted
                 
                   Cordials
                   :
                   Avicen
                
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   both
                   the
                   tart
                   and
                   pleasant
                   Apples
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   strengthen
                   the
                   heart
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   troubled
                   with
                   hot
                   infirmities
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   a
                   singular
                   help
                   .
                   Confortant
                   Cor
                   ,
                   proprie
                   odorifera
                   ,
                   dulcia
                   ,
                   &
                   acetosa
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   L.
                   Bacon
                
                 ,
                 reckons
                 
                   Pear-mains
                   among
                   cool
                   Cordials
                
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 then
                 ,
                 when
                 fruits
                 are
                 not
                 onely
                 healthful
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 pleasant
                 to
                 the
                 taste
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 double
                 worth
                 in
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Consider
                 now
                 what
                 hath
                 been
                 said
                 for
                 the
                 
                   Pleasure
                   of
                   the
                   Senses
                
                 ;
                 And
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 so
                 acceptable
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 though
                 but
                 of
                 one
                 Sense
                 ,
                 what
                 will
                 it
                 be
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 concurrence
                 ,
                 and
                 meeting
                 of
                 all
                 together
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 had
                 in
                 a
                 
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ?
                 so
                 the
                 Poet.
                 
              
               
                 
                 
                   Non
                   desit
                   Hortis
                   ,
                   &
                   voluptas
                   maxima
                   ,
                
                 
                   Multisque
                   commixta
                   modis
                   jucunditas
                   :
                
                 
                   Tribuit
                   colenti
                   multiforme
                   gaudium
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   wants
                   not
                   in
                   Gardens
                   great
                   pleasure
                   to
                   the
                   mind
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   outward
                   senses
                   many
                   mixt
                   pleasures
                   find
                   ,
                
                 
                   They
                   yield
                   unto
                   the
                   Artist
                   joyes
                   of
                   divers
                   kind
                   .
                
              
               
                 We
                 see
                 what
                 a
                 plentiful
                 and
                 joyful
                 Harvest
                 of
                 Profits
                 and
                 Pleasures
                 may
                 be
                 yearly
                 reaped
                 from
                 an
                 Orchard
                 or
                 Garden
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Here
                 's
                 Profit
                 of
                 divers
                 kinds
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 to
                 a
                 mans
                 Estate
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 two
                 respects
                 .
                 First
                 ,
                 
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   housekeeping
                   ,
                   
                   with
                   meats
                   and
                   drinks
                   all
                   the
                   year
                   .
                
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   Sale
                   ,
                   either
                   the
                   fruits
                   in
                   their
                   kinds
                   ,
                   or
                   Cider
                   ,
                   Perry
                   ,
                   and
                   Wines
                   ,
                
                 made
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 Here
                 's
                 
                   Profit
                   to
                   the
                   body
                
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 two
                 respects
                 .
                 
                   First
                   ,
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   Health
                   ,
                   by
                   moderate
                   exercise
                   ,
                   fresh-Aires
                   ,
                   pleasant
                   Odours
                   ,
                   and
                   wholsome
                   meats
                   and
                   drinks
                   .
                
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   Long-life
                   ,
                   by
                   operation
                   
                   upon
                   the
                   spirits
                   ,
                   through
                   the
                   Organs
                   of
                   the
                   body
                   ,
                   the
                   Eare
                   ,
                   Touch
                   ,
                   Smell
                   ,
                   Sight
                   ,
                   
                   Taste
                   ,
                   and
                   through
                   the
                   Affections
                   of
                   the
                   mind
                   ,
                   Hope
                   ,
                   Ioy
                   ,
                   Admiration
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 Here
                 's
                 
                   profit
                   to
                   the
                   Mind
                
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 
                   in
                   two
                   respects
                
                 ;
                 First
                 ,
                 
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   knowledge
                   ,
                   Natural
                   ,
                   Moral
                   ,
                   Spiritual
                
                 ;
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   Affections
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 Here
                 's
                 
                   profit
                   to
                   the
                   Name
                
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 
                   in
                   two
                   respects
                
                 ;
                 First
                 ,
                 
                   in
                   this
                   life
                   ,
                   by
                   Gifts
                   and
                   Benefits
                
                 ;
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 
                   after
                   death
                   ,
                   by
                   Fruit-trees
                   as
                   living
                   Monuments
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Here
                 's
                 
                   Profit
                   to
                   others
                
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 
                   in
                   two
                   respects
                
                 ,
                 First
                 ,
                 
                   to
                   the
                   Poor
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Rich
                   Friends
                   ,
                   or
                   Enemies
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   present
                   times
                
                 ;
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 
                   to
                   posterity
                   or
                   future
                   ages
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Here
                 's
                 likewise
                 Pleasures
                 of
                 divers
                 kinds
                 .
              
               
                 
                 First
                 to
                 the
                 Ear
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   that
                   in
                   two
                   respects
                
                 ;
                 First
                 ,
                 
                   by
                   sweet
                   tunes
                   of
                   Singing-birds
                
                 ;
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 
                   by
                   gentle
                   motion
                   of
                   Bo●ghes
                   ,
                   and
                   Leaves
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 Here
                 's
                 
                   Pleasure
                   to
                   the
                   Touch
                
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 
                   in
                   two
                   respects
                
                 ;
                 First
                 ,
                 
                   by
                   cool
                   fruits
                   ,
                   boughs
                   and
                   leaves
                   ,
                
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 
                   by
                   cool
                   fresh
                   Aires
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 Here
                 's
                 
                   Pleasure
                   to
                   the
                   Eye
                
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 
                   in
                   two
                   respects
                
                 ;
                 First
                 ,
                 
                   by
                   exact
                   and
                   decent
                   forms
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   Alleys
                   ,
                   Walks
                   ,
                   Seats
                   ,
                   and
                   Arbours
                
                 ;
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 
                   by
                   curious
                   colours
                   of
                   the
                   blossomes
                   ,
                   leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   fruits
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 Here
                 's
                 
                   Pleasure
                   to
                   the
                   smell
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 that
                 
                   in
                   two
                   respects
                
                 ;
                 First
                 ,
                 
                   from
                   fresh
                   Earth
                   digged
                   up
                
                 ;
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 
                   from
                   the
                   leaves
                   and
                   bl●ssomes
                
                 .
              
               
                 Fifthly
                 ,
                 Here
                 's
                 
                   Pleasure
                   to
                   the
                   Taste
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 that
                 
                   in
                   two
                   respects
                
                 ;
                 First
                 ,
                 
                   from
                   ripe
                   and
                   raw
                   fruits
                
                 :
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 
                   from
                   dishes
                   and
                   drinks
                   made
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
              
               
                 Some
                 employments
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 profitable
                 in
                 one
                 respect
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 are
                 unprofitable
                 in
                 another
                 :
                 yea
                 ,
                 perhaps
                 are
                 full
                 of
                 hazard
                 and
                 danger
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 the
                 
                   state
                   ,
                   body
                   ,
                   mind
                   ,
                   or
                   name
                
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 imployment
                 preserves
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 profitable
                 to
                 all
                 these
                 .
                 Some
                 imployments
                 are
                 pleasant
                 to
                 one
                 sense
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 perhaps
                 unpleasant
                 ,
                 and
                 hurtful
                 :
                 but
                 in
                 this
                 there
                 's
                 an
                 Agreement
                 and
                 consent
                 of
                 
                   Pleasures
                   to
                   all
                   the
                   senses
                
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 as
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 mutual
                 consent
                 and
                 concurrence
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 profits
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 pleasures
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 so
                 likewise
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 mutual
                 consent
                 and
                 conca●enation
                 of
                 the
                 Profits
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Pleasures
                 ,
                 one
                 imbracing
                 another
                 ,
                 one
                 supporting
                 and
                 upholding
                 each
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Five
                   ways
                   of
                   Profit
                   ,
                   each
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   two
                   respects
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   five
                   ways
                   of
                   Pleasure
                   ,
                   each
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   two
                   respects
                   !
                
              
               
               
                 Here
                 's
                 Profit
                 and
                 Pleasure
                 running
                 along
                 hand
                 in
                 hand
                 ,
                 meetly
                 matched
                 together
                 ,
                 being
                 the
                 most
                 rich
                 and
                 beautiful
                 King
                 and
                 Queen
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 world
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 having
                 shew'd
                 the
                 great
                 Praises
                 that
                 are
                 given
                 to
                 this
                 Art
                 of
                 Planting
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 Divine
                 and
                 
                   Humane
                   Arguments
                
                 of
                 the
                 dignity
                 and
                 value
                 thereof
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 the
                 profits
                 and
                 pleasures
                 that
                 are
                 received
                 from
                 an
                 Orchard
                 or
                 Garden
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 meet
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 caution
                 concerning
                 temporal
                 profits
                 &
                 pleasures
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 true
                 ;
                 We
                 have
                 liberty
                 to
                 seek
                 earthly
                 Profits
                 and
                 Pleasures
                 in
                 our
                 Callings
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 rejoyce
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 yet
                 with
                 care
                 and
                 circumspection
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 due
                 regard
                 to
                 circumstances
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 Rejoycing
                 in
                 Earthly
                 blessings
                 which
                 God
                 allows
                 to
                 us
                 ,
                 Deut.
                 26.11
                 .
                 
                   Thou
                   shalt
                   rejoyce
                   in
                   every
                   good
                   thing
                   which
                   the
                   Lord
                   thy
                   God
                   hath
                   given
                   thee
                   .
                
                 And
                 Deut.
                 12.16
                 .
                 
                   Thou
                   shalt
                   rejoyce
                   before
                   the
                   Lord
                   thy
                   God
                   in
                   all
                   that
                   thou
                   puttest
                   thine
                   hand
                   unto
                   :
                
                 And
                 again
                 ,
                 Deut.
                 16.15
                 .
                 
                   Because
                   the
                   Lord
                   thy
                   God
                   shall
                   bless
                   thee
                   in
                   all
                   thy
                   increase
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   works
                   of
                   thy
                   hands
                   ,
                   therefore
                   thou
                   shalt
                   surely
                   rejoyce
                
                 ▪
                 And
                 when
                 our
                 ways
                 please
                 God
                 ,
                 he
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   Go
                   ,
                   eat
                   thy
                   bread
                   with
                   joy
                   ,
                   and
                   drink
                   thy
                   win●
                   with
                   a
                   merry
                   heart
                   .
                
                 Eccles.
                 9.7
                 .
                 Solomon
                 
                 says
                 ,
                 Eccles.
                 5.18
                 .
                 
                   Behold
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   seen
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   good
                   and
                   comely
                   for
                   one
                   to
                   eat
                   and
                   to
                   drink
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   enjoy
                   the
                   good
                   of
                   all
                   his
                   labour
                   he
                   takes
                   under
                   the
                   sun
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   dayes
                   of
                   his
                   life
                   ,
                   which
                   God
                   giveth
                   him
                   ,
                   for
                   it
                   is
                   his
                   portion
                   :
                
                 And
                 Chap.
                 2.24
                 .
                 
                   This
                   I
                   saw
                   ,
                   That
                   it
                   was
                   from
                   the
                   hand
                   of
                   God.
                   
                
              
               
                 No
                 doubt
                 we
                 may
                 use
                 these
                 and
                 other
                 earthly
                 blessings
                 with
                 Rejoycing
                 :
                 but
                 all
                 the
                 danger
                 is
                 ,
                 lest
                 we
                 take
                 too
                 much
                 liberty
                 herein
                 ,
                 and
                 break
                 beyond
                 our
                 bounds
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Profits
                 and
                 Pleasures
                 being
                 multiplied
                 in
                 the
                 Garden
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 we
                 had
                 best
                 beware
                 of
                 reaching
                 after
                 them
                 too
                 earnestly
                 .
                 
                   Latet
                   Anguis
                   in
                   Herba
                
                 ,
                 A
                 subtle
                 Serpent
                 lies
                 hid
                 among
                 these
                 pleasant
                 flowers
                 ,
                 and
                 seeks
                 to
                 bite
                 us
                 by
                 his
                 temptations
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 as
                 much
                 (
                 or
                 more
                 )
                 malice
                 and
                 policy
                 now
                 ,
                 as
                 formerly
                 against
                 our
                 first
                 Parents
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 deceived
                 
                   in
                   a
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 .
              
               
                 Men
                 may
                 become
                 Idolaters
                 ere
                 they
                 be
                 aware
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 are
                 many
                 ,
                 even
                 among
                 Christians
                 :
                 in
                 worshipping
                 profit
                 and
                 pleasure
                 ;
                 letting
                 up
                 these
                 two
                 for
                 their
                 house-hold
                 Gods.
                 The
                 Prophet
                 tells
                 us
                 ,
                 Ezek.
                 14.3
                 .
                 
                   Men
                   set
                   up
                   their
                   Idols
                   in
                   their
                   hearts
                   ,
                
                 and
                 give
                 that
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 due
                 onely
                 to
                 God.
                 
              
               
                 *
                 We
                 may
                 easily
                 mistake
                 between
                 the
                 use
                 
                 of
                 earthly
                 blessings
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 enjoyment
                 o●
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Austin
                 tells
                 us
                 ,
                 no
                 earthly
                 blessings
                 are
                 properly
                 to
                 be
                 Enjoy'd
                 ,
                 but
                 used
                 onely
                 :
                 
                   Res
                   aliae
                   sunt
                   ,
                   quibus
                   fruendum
                   est
                   ,
                   aliae
                   quibus
                   utendum
                   ;
                   illae
                   quibus
                   fruendum
                   est
                   ,
                   beat●nos
                   faciunt
                   ,
                   istis
                   quibus
                   utendum
                   est
                   ,
                   tendentes
                   ad
                   be
                   atitudinem
                   adjuvamur
                   ,
                   &
                   quasi
                   adminiculamur
                   ,
                   ut
                   ad
                   illas
                   ,
                   quae
                   nos
                   beatos
                   faciunt
                   ,
                   proveniamus
                   .
                   There
                   are
                   some
                   thing
                   (
                   saith
                   he
                   )
                   which
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   enjoyed
                   ,
                   others
                   t●
                   b●
                   used
                   ;
                   those
                   which
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   enjoy
                   ,
                   make
                   us
                   happy
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   use
                   onely
                   ,
                   are
                   those
                   whereby
                   we
                   are
                   furthered
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   〈◊〉
                   succors
                   ,
                   aids
                   ,
                   and
                   helps
                   ,
                   to
                   bring
                   us
                   to
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   enjoyed
                   ,
                   &
                   make
                   us
                   hapy
                   .
                
              
               
                 He
                 tells
                 us
                 ,
                 whom
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 we
                 may
                 enjoy
                 ,
                 
                   Fruendum
                   est
                   Patre
                   ,
                   &
                   Filio
                   ,
                   &
                   Spiritu
                   Sancto
                   .
                   Beatum
                   est
                   ad
                   tale
                   bonum
                   provenisse
                   ,
                   quo
                   amplius
                   non
                   potest
                   .
                   The
                   Father
                   ▪
                   the
                   Son
                   ,
                   and
                   blessed
                   Spirit
                   ,
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   enjoyed
                   ▪
                   And
                   its
                   true
                   blessedness
                   to
                   attain
                   to
                   that
                   good
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   highest
                   .
                
              
               
                 So
                 then
                 ,
                 God
                 only
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 enjoyed
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 good
                 things
                 of
                 this
                 life
                 only
                 to
                 be
                 used
                 ,
                 as
                 helps
                 and
                 furtherances
                 unto
                 God
                 ▪
                 We
                 had
                 need
                 therefore
                 take
                 heed
                 of
                 falling
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 earthly
                 things
                 :
                 The
                 foresaid
                 Author
                 tells
                 us
                 the
                 danger
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 
                 
                   Si
                   eis
                   quibus
                   utendum
                   est
                   frui
                   voluerimus
                   ,
                   impeditur
                   cursunoster
                   ,
                   
                   &
                   aliquando
                   etiam
                   defiec●itur
                   ,
                   ut
                   ab
                   his
                   rebus
                   quibus
                   fruendum
                   est
                   ,
                   obtinendis
                   vel
                   retardemur
                   ,
                   vel
                   etiam
                   revocemur
                   inferiore
                   amore
                   praepedir●
                   :
                   Et
                   si
                   amoenitutes
                   itineris
                   ,
                   &
                   ipsa
                   gestatio
                   vehiculorum
                   nos
                   delectarent
                   ,
                   conversi●
                   ad
                   fruendum
                   his
                   quibus
                   uti
                   debuimus
                   :
                   nollemus
                   citò
                   viam
                   finire
                   ,
                   &
                   perversâ
                   suavitate
                   implicati
                   alien●remur
                   à
                   P●tria
                   ,
                   cujus
                   suavitas
                   faceret
                   beatos
                   .
                
                 That
                 is
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 fall
                 to
                 enjoying
                 of
                 such
                 things
                 as
                 we
                 ought
                 but
                 onely
                 to
                 use
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 thereby
                 hindered
                 in
                 our
                 course
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 times
                 even
                 turn'd
                 out
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 obtaining
                 of
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 we
                 ought
                 to
                 enjoy
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 love
                 of
                 earthly
                 things
                 )
                 we
                 are
                 call'd
                 back
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 retarded
                 ,
                 and
                 stopt
                 in
                 our
                 way
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 the
                 Pleasures
                 and
                 Contentments
                 of
                 the
                 journey
                 and
                 the
                 carriage
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 we
                 are
                 conveyed
                 ,
                 over-much
                 please
                 and
                 delight
                 us
                 ,
                 then
                 we
                 turn
                 to
                 enjoying
                 of
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 we
                 ought
                 but
                 only
                 to
                 use
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 are
                 unwilling
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 our
                 journys
                 end
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 intangled
                 in
                 corrupt
                 delights
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 thereby
                 to
                 be
                 estranged
                 from
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 the
                 sweetness
                 and
                 pleasure
                 whereof
                 ,
                 maketh
                 blessed
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 see
                 then
                 ,
                 when
                 God
                 gives
                 us
                 blessings
                 largely
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 us
                 leave
                 to
                 use
                 them
                 freely
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 in
                 danger
                 to
                 forget
                 him
                 :
                 
                 We
                 had
                 need
                 therefore
                 to
                 set
                 a
                 watch
                 ,
                 o●
                 guard
                 upon
                 our
                 hearts
                 ,
                 lest
                 profit
                 and
                 pleasure
                 steal
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 it
                 to
                 themselves
                 .
                 But
                 what
                 a
                 shame
                 is
                 it
                 we
                 should
                 have
                 fewes●
                 thoughts
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 is
                 most
                 mindful
                 of
                 us
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 we
                 should
                 fall
                 so
                 much
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 the
                 Token
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 forget
                 him
                 that
                 sent
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 ,
                 having
                 answered
                 the
                 doubts
                 and
                 discouragements
                 that
                 have
                 hindered
                 some
                 from
                 entring
                 upon
                 this
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Husbandmans
                 work
                 ,
                 The
                 
                   Art
                   of
                   Planting
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ;
                 and
                 shew'd
                 the
                 great
                 esteem
                 that
                 all
                 men
                 have
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 value
                 and
                 dignity
                 thereof
                 from
                 
                   Divine
                   and
                   Humane
                   Arguments
                
                 ,
                 what
                 a
                 rich
                 confluence
                 of
                 profits
                 and
                 pleasures
                 ,
                 are
                 (
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 )
                 brought
                 unto
                 us
                 by
                 it
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Caution
                 in
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 remains
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 I
                 also
                 discover
                 how
                 we
                 may
                 obtain
                 our
                 desires
                 herein
                 by
                 what
                 means
                 the
                 work
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 with
                 
                   most
                   speed
                   ,
                   and
                   best
                   effect
                   ?
                   Which
                   I
                   shall
                   now
                   endeavour
                   to
                   do
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 I
                 shall
                 first
                 speak
                 of
                 a
                 
                   Nursery
                   of
                   young
                   Plants
                
                 ,
                 and
                 shew
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 sowing
                 of
                 Kernels
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Seeds
                   of
                   Fruits
                
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 
                 preparation
                 and
                 ordering
                 (
                 by
                 
                   Grafting
                   and
                   Inoculating
                
                 )
                 for
                 transplanting
                 into
                 
                   Orchards
                   ,
                   Gardens
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Fields
                 :
                 (
                 although
                 some
                 may
                 plant
                 an
                 Orchard
                 a
                 more
                 speedy
                 way
                 ,
                 to
                 buy
                 young
                 trees
                 ready
                 grafted
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 plant
                 stocks
                 of
                 divers
                 years
                 growth
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 grown
                 a
                 year
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 to
                 graft
                 them
                 .
                 )
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 set
                 down
                 all
                 these
                 things
                 as
                 briefly
                 as
                 I
                 can
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 withal
                 ,
                 I
                 make
                 them
                 plain
                 to
                 the
                 intelligent
                 Reader
                 ,
                 laying
                 down
                 the
                 most
                 material
                 ,
                 and
                 essential
                 things
                 concerning
                 this
                 Art
                 :
                 For
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 discourses
                 (
                 about
                 things
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 comprehended
                 in
                 few
                 words
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 many
                 use
                 )
                 they
                 do
                 often
                 mislead
                 men
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 easie
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 most
                 material
                 things
                 concerning
                 their
                 subject
                 ,
                 or
                 what
                 they
                 drive
                 at
                 ;
                 whereas
                 ,
                 a
                 brief
                 and
                 plain
                 discovery
                 of
                 them
                 may
                 better
                 be
                 comprehended
                 and
                 remembred
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 First
                 then
                 :
                 Let
                 there
                 be
                 a
                 plot
                 of
                 ground
                 (
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 )
                 digged
                 up
                 about
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 Fruits
                 are
                 ripe
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 all
                 the
                 
                   Grass
                   ,
                   Weeds
                   ,
                   Roots
                   ,
                   Stones
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 be
                 clean
                 picked
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 ground
                 cast
                 into
                 Beds
                 about
                 a
                 yard
                 broad
                 ,
                 and
                 spaces
                 between
                 ,
                 about
                 a
                 foot
                 in
                 breadth
                 ,
                 to
                 pass
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 
                   Sow
                   ,
                   Set
                   ,
                   Weed
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 And
                 then
                 procure
                 
                   Kernels
                   of
                   Apples
                   ,
                   Pears
                   ,
                   Crabs
                   ,
                
                 
                 Cherry
                 stones
                 ,
                 *
                 Plum-stones
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 seeds
                 of
                 divers
                 kinds
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 may
                 be
                 set
                 ,
                 and
                 sowed
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 time
                 that
                 the
                 Fruits
                 are
                 ripe
                 ,
                 until
                 the
                 spring
                 (
                 except
                 in
                 frost
                 )
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 made
                 the
                 Beds
                 level
                 with
                 a
                 Rake
                 ,
                 sprinkle
                 the
                 seeds
                 upon
                 them
                 all
                 over
                 ,
                 each
                 kind
                 by
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 ,
                 or
                 sow
                 the
                 stones
                 by
                 themselves
                 ,
                 then
                 take
                 a
                 spade
                 ,
                 and
                 turne
                 in
                 the
                 seeds
                 and
                 stones
                 about
                 a
                 handful
                 deep
                 or
                 less
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 rake
                 them
                 all
                 over
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 that
                 none
                 may
                 be
                 left
                 uncovered
                 )
                 sift
                 some
                 small
                 mould
                 with
                 a
                 Sive
                 ,
                 or
                 besprinkle
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 spade
                 all
                 over
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 let
                 them
                 rest
                 all
                 Winter
                 .
              
               
                 
                 And
                 carefully
                 observe
                 that
                 Mice
                 devour
                 not
                 the
                 
                   seeds
                   in
                   Winter
                
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 perceive
                 it
                 ,
                 set
                 Traps
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 Rats-bane
                 to
                 destroy
                 them
                 .
                 Though
                 you
                 cannot
                 see
                 the
                 Mice
                 ,
                 yet
                 if
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 there
                 (
                 as
                 commonly
                 they
                 are
                 )
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 perceived
                 by
                 divers
                 small
                 holes
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 the
                 seed-beeds
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 have
                 devoured
                 the
                 seeds
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 husks
                 will
                 lie
                 above
                 ground
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 the
                 Spring
                 and
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 let
                 them
                 be
                 weeded
                 ,
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 ,
                 clean
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 weather
                 be
                 dry
                 ,
                 let
                 them
                 be
                 watred
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 will
                 make
                 a
                 growth
                 the
                 same
                 year
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 strength
                 and
                 goodnesse
                 of
                 the
                 ground
                 wherein
                 they
                 grow
                 .
                 Plants
                 comming
                 of
                 seeds
                 or
                 stones
                 ,
                 are
                 far
                 better
                 then
                 Suckers
                 from
                 Roots
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 although
                 such
                 are
                 good
                 and
                 useful
                 for
                 stocks
                 also
                 if
                 they
                 have
                 good
                 Roots
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 weeding
                 the
                 young
                 Seed-plants
                 ,
                 some
                 will
                 come
                 up
                 with
                 the
                 weeds
                 ;
                 set
                 them
                 again
                 almost
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 then
                 water
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Autumne
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 done
                 growing
                 ,
                 let
                 them
                 be
                 transplanted
                 into
                 other
                 Beds
                 of
                 ground
                 prepared
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 thus
                 :
                 Let
                 the
                 ground
                 be
                 digged
                 ,
                 and
                 cast
                 into
                 
                   square
                   Plots
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   long
                   Plots
                
                 ,
                 as
                 you
                 will
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 level
                 with
                 a
                 Rake
                 ,
                 then
                 set
                 the
                 
                   young
                   Seed-plants
                
                 therein
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 .
                 Having
                 cast
                 up
                 the
                 Borders
                 handsomely
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 ,
                 stretch
                 a
                 Line
                 from
                 one
                 side
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 then
                 take
                 a
                 Setting-stick
                 (
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 a
                 hard
                 piece
                 of
                 wood
                 about
                 a
                 yard
                 long
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 handle
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 sharp
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 or
                 pointed
                 with
                 Iron
                 )
                 and
                 thrust
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 ground
                 half
                 a
                 foot
                 deep
                 ,
                 (
                 or
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 length
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 )
                 
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 line
                 and
                 make
                 holes
                 all
                 along
                 ,
                 from
                 one
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 line
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 about
                 half
                 
                   a
                   foot
                
                 or
                 more
                 ,
                 as
                 you
                 will
                 in
                 distance
                 :
                 And
                 having
                 prepared
                 the
                 Seed-plants
                 ,
                 by
                 cutting
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 
                   side
                   Twigs
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   ends
                   or
                   bottome
                   of
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                
                 set
                 them
                 in
                 order
                 in
                 the
                 holes
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 their
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 close
                 the
                 mould
                 about
                 them
                 :
                 Draw
                 the
                 biggest
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 them
                 by
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 least
                 by
                 themselves
                 .
                 Then
                 take
                 up
                 the
                 line
                 ,
                 and
                 stretch
                 it
                 again
                 about
                 a
                 foot
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 Plants
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 holes
                 ,
                 and
                 prune
                 more
                 Seed-plants
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 them
                 as
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 not
                 the
                 Roots
                 be
                 too
                 long
                 ;
                 about
                 a
                 handful
                 in
                 length
                 (
                 or
                 less
                 )
                 is
                 sufficient
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 their
                 Roots
                 be
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 deep
                 ,
                 the
                 Trees
                 afterwards
                 are
                 taken
                 up
                 with
                 more
                 difficulty
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 take
                 up
                 the
                 line
                 ,
                 and
                 stretch
                 it
                 again
                 ,
                 a
                 foot
                 and
                 half
                 from
                 the
                 Plants
                 last
                 set
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 a
                 convenient
                 space
                 of
                 ground
                 to
                 pass
                 between
                 to
                 weed
                 the
                 Plants
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 
                   Graft
                   and
                   Inoculate
                   them
                
                 (
                 being
                 grown
                 fit
                 )
                 And
                 having
                 made
                 holes
                 ,
                 and
                 pruned
                 the
                 Plants
                 ,
                 set
                 them
                 as
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 thus
                 set
                 the
                 Nursery
                 throughout
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 these
                 will
                 be
                 ready
                 after
                 one
                 year
                 to
                 Inoculate
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 two
                 years
                 ,
                 or
                 
                 three
                 ,
                 to
                 Graft
                 .
                 Yea
                 ,
                 many
                 may
                 be
                 fit
                 to
                 Graft
                 after
                 the
                 first
                 year
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 fit
                 to
                 inoculate
                 the
                 first
                 sommer
                 .
              
               
                 Be
                 sure
                 to
                 
                   transplant
                   all
                   young
                   Seed-plants
                
                 ,
                 
                 for
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 they
                 get
                 good
                 Roots
                 ,
                 which
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 thrust
                 down
                 one
                 
                   single
                   Root
                
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 .
                 And
                 being
                 grown
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 years
                 after
                 Inoculating
                 or
                 Grafting
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 fit
                 to
                 transplant
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 Orchards
                 ,
                 or
                 into
                 Fields
                 and
                 Hedges
                 ,
                 at
                 a
                 competent
                 distance
                 ,
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 shewed
                 when
                 I
                 speak
                 of
                 
                   setting
                   Trees
                
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 men
                 may
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 years
                 ,
                 prepare
                 multitudes
                 of
                 
                   Young
                   Trees
                
                 for
                 themselves
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 or
                 sell
                 as
                 they
                 please
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 procure
                 Crab-stocks
                 from
                 the
                 woods
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 them
                 to
                 graft
                 on
                 ,
                 having
                 grown
                 a
                 year
                 or
                 two
                 ;
                 but
                 these
                 stocks
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 good
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 come
                 of
                 seed
                 .
                 We
                 see
                 by
                 continual
                 experience
                 ,
                 many
                 are
                 deceived
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 though
                 some
                 may
                 do
                 well
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 further
                 observe
                 ,
                 
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 remove
                 all
                 Seed-plants
                 ,
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 but
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 done
                 the
                 
                   next
                   Autumne
                   or
                   Winter
                
                 ,
                 let
                 them
                 have
                 but
                 one
                 
                   sommers
                   growth
                   from
                   the
                   seed
                
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 be
                 removed
                 to
                 be
                 prepared
                 in
                 the
                 Nursery
                 ,
                 unless
                 they
                 be
                 very
                 small
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 advantage
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 above
                 those
                 that
                 grow
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 sown
                 
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 years
                 before
                 removing
                 :
                 for
                 these
                 
                   small
                   Seed-plants
                
                 are
                 not
                 only
                 easily
                 drawn
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 easily
                 set
                 againe
                 ,
                 (
                 with
                 a
                 small
                 Setting-Instrument
                 )
                 but
                 also
                 (
                 their
                 Roots
                 being
                 but
                 short
                 )
                 they
                 taking
                 Root
                 ,
                 and
                 spreading
                 their
                 Roots
                 
                   near
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   the
                   ground
                
                 they
                 are
                 easily
                 taken
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 removed
                 (
                 after
                 Grafting
                 )
                 having
                 growen
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 more
                 years
                 ,
                 whereas
                 such
                 as
                 grow
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 years
                 upon
                 the
                 Seed
                 bed
                 before
                 removing
                 ,
                 they
                 thrust
                 their
                 Roots
                 very
                 deep
                 in
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 not
                 onely
                 hard
                 to
                 be
                 drawn
                 up
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 their
                 Roots
                 when
                 set
                 again
                 ,
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 (
                 though
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 )
                 be
                 thrust
                 down
                 very
                 deep
                 into
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 such
                 spread
                 their
                 Roots
                 deep
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 thrust
                 their
                 young
                 Roots
                 from
                 the
                 lowest
                 part
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Root
                 was
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 they
                 neither
                 have
                 so
                 good
                 nourishment
                 from
                 the
                 earth
                 (
                 as
                 spreading
                 below
                 the
                 best
                 soyle
                 )
                 nor
                 are
                 they
                 so
                 easily
                 to
                 be
                 transplanted
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 ready
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 other
                 which
                 are
                 drawn
                 the
                 
                   first
                   year
                
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 very
                 small
                 as
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 very
                 considerable
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 observe
                 it
                 :
                 I
                 underwent
                 great
                 inconveniencies
                 when
                 I
                 came
                 to
                 Remove
                 some
                 ,
                 before
                 I
                 found
                 out
                 this
                 observation
                 .
              
               
               
                 NOw
                 for
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 Inoculating
                 and
                 Grafting
                 these
                 Plants
                 ,
                 being
                 thus
                 prepared
                 ,
                 and
                 grown
                 fit
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 concerning
                 Grafting
                 :
                 
                 wherein
                 we
                 must
                 consider
                 the
                 time
                 :
                 February
                 and
                 March
                 (
                 usually
                 with
                 most
                 )
                 are
                 the
                 two
                 cheif
                 Months
                 for
                 Grafting
                 ,
                 but
                 we
                 may
                 begin
                 sooner
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 best
                 so
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 especially
                 with
                 Cherry
                 and
                 
                   Plum
                   grafts
                
                 :
                 If
                 the
                 weather
                 be
                 open
                 ,
                 without
                 Frost
                 in
                 the
                 begining
                 of
                 Ianuary
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 December
                 .
                 Yea
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 grafted
                 some
                 (
                 with
                 good
                 success
                 )
                 in
                 November
                 ,
                 and
                 sooner
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 
                   beginning
                   of
                   Ianuary
                
                 we
                 may
                 begin
                 ,
                 if
                 Frost
                 hinder
                 not
                 .
                 And
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 multitudes
                 to
                 engraft
                 must
                 needs
                 begin
                 early
                 ,
                 else
                 they
                 'l
                 want
                 time
              
               
                 Grafts
                 of
                 Cherry
                 and
                 Plum-trees
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 grafted
                 soonest
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 bud
                 soone●●
                 .
                 And
                 begin
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 ere
                 they
                 begin
                 to
                 Bud
                 forth
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 with
                 Pear-trees
                 and
                 Apple-trees
                 .
              
               
                 Grafts
                 of
                 any
                 kind
                 may
                 be
                 gotten
                 and
                 kept
                 many
                 dayes
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 many
                 weeks
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 half
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 being
                 covered
                 with
                 mould
                 ;
                 bind
                 not
                 many
                 together
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 so
                 ,
                 those
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 will
                 dry
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 spoyled
                 ,
                 in
                 certaine
                 dayes
                 :
                 but
                 lay
                 them
                 thin
                 in
                 
                 the
                 mould
                 ;
                 or
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 grafted
                 immediately
                 ,
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 gotten
                 Graft
                 none
                 but
                 those
                 of
                 one
                 years
                 growth
                 ,
                 onely
                 the
                 last
                 years
                 sprout
                 ,
                 the
                 fairest
                 and
                 thickest
                 are
                 best
                 :
                 They
                 may
                 be
                 carried
                 many
                 miles
                 ,
                 being
                 bound
                 up
                 close
                 (
                 from
                 end
                 to
                 end
                 )
                 in
                 a
                 hay-band
                 ,
                 or
                 better
                 in
                 a
                 Box
                 of
                 Mould
                 ,
                 or
                 their
                 ends
                 stuck
                 in
                 clay
                 ,
                 and
                 wrapped
                 about
                 that
                 they
                 bruis●
                 not
                 .
              
               
                 
                 That
                 this
                 work
                 may
                 the
                 more
                 effectually
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 have
                 fit
                 Tools
                 ,
                 and
                 Instruments
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 :
                 First
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   good
                   sharp
                   knif
                
                 ,
                 and
                 strong
                 ,
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 stocks
                 .
                 A
                 neat
                 
                   sharp
                   saw
                
                 ,
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 head
                 of
                 some
                 stocks
                 which
                 are
                 grown
                 too
                 big
                 for
                 the
                 knife
                 :
                 also
                 a
                 little
                 Mallet
                 and
                 Wedg
                 ,
                 to
                 cleave
                 the
                 big
                 stocks
                 ,
                 a
                 small
                 Pen-knife
                 ,
                 to
                 cut
                 the
                 Grafts
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 shall
                 shew
                 you
                 anon
                 )
                 and
                 keep
                 it
                 very
                 sharp
                 for
                 this
                 purpose
                 onely
                 :
                 There
                 must
                 be
                 likewise
                 Clay
                 prepared
                 with
                 horse-dung
                 ,
                 well
                 mixed
                 together
                 ,
                 as
                 Morter
                 ,
                 about
                 two
                 parts
                 Clay
                 .
                 And
                 Rushes
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 
                   strong
                   ,
                   soft
                   Flags
                
                 ,
                 to
                 bind
                 together
                 the
                 Graft
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Stock
                 .
                 With
                 a
                 small
                 hand-basket
                 to
                 carry
                 the
                 Grafts
                 in
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Instruments
                 for
                 the
                 work
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Having
                 these
                 things
                 in
                 a
                 readiness
                 ,
                 the
                 time
                 being
                 come
                 ,
                 go
                 to
                 the
                 Stocks
                 that
                 are
                 ready
                 (
                 small
                 or
                 great
                 )
                 And
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 small
                 (
                 about
                 the
                 bigness
                 of
                 ones
                 little
                 finger
                 
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 competent
                 bignesse
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 loose
                 no
                 time
                 in
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 )
                 Graft
                 them
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 they
                 be
                 Cherry-stocks
                 ,
                 or
                 Plum-stocks
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 Wall-trees
                 of
                 ,
                 graft
                 them
                 low
                 ,
                 within
                 half
                 a
                 foot
                 (
                 or
                 less
                 )
                 of
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 for
                 Standards
                 ,
                 then
                 Graft
                 them
                 an
                 ell
                 ,
                 or
                 yard
                 and
                 half
                 high
                 :
                 if
                 the
                 stocks
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 convenient
                 bigness
                 of
                 that
                 height
                 ,
                 else
                 graft
                 them
                 lower
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 competent
                 bigness
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Cut
                 off
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 in
                 some
                 smooth
                 ,
                 
                 straight
                 place
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 answerable
                 to
                 the
                 straightness
                 of
                 the
                 Graft
                 ,
                 when
                 set
                 on
                 :
                 Then
                 prepare
                 the
                 Graft
                 thus
                 :
                 observe
                 which
                 side
                 is
                 straightest
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 ,
                 or
                 biggest
                 end
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 it
                 may
                 fit
                 the
                 straight
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 when
                 set
                 on
                 :
                 Then
                 cut
                 
                   one
                   side
                   only
                   of
                   the
                   Graft
                   ,
                
                 down
                 aslope
                 ,
                 about
                 an
                 inch
                 long
                 ,
                 or
                 little
                 more
                 ;
                 either
                 from
                 the
                 knot
                 or
                 seam
                 ,
                 *
                 (
                 if
                 the
                 part
                 below
                 it
                 be
                 smooth
                 ,
                 and
                 straight
                 )
                 or
                 else
                 from
                 a
                 Bud
                 or
                 from
                 any
                 part
                 :
                 and
                 cut
                 through
                 the
                 Barke
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 cut
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 it
                 like
                 a
                 shouldier
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 rest
                 just
                 upon
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Stock
                 ,
                 but
                 cut
                 not
                 this
                 shoulder
                 too
                 deep
                 ,
                 (
                 onely
                 through
                 the
                 Bark
                 or
                 little
                 more
                 )
                 but
                 cut
                 the
                 graft
                 thin
                 at
                 the
                 bottome
                 of
                 the
                 cut
                 place
                 ,
                 yet
                 leave
                 on
                 all
                 the
                 Bark
                 
                 on
                 the
                 opposite
                 side
                 ,
                 make
                 this
                 cut
                 smooth
                 and
                 even
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 bottome
                 ,
                 without
                 dints
                 or
                 ridges
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 of
                 special
                 concernment
                 )
                 that
                 so
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 joyn
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 Stock
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Graft
                 ,
                 being
                 thus
                 prepared
                 ,
                 then
                 go
                 on
                 to
                 prepare
                 the
                 Stick
                 further
                 ,
                 lay
                 the
                 cut
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Graft
                 upon
                 the
                 straight
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Stock
                 :
                 and
                 measure
                 just
                 the
                 length
                 of
                 the
                 cut
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Graft
                 .
                 And
                 (
                 with
                 a
                 knife
                 )
                 take
                 away
                 so
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 
                   bark
                   of
                   the
                   Stock
                
                 ,
                 *
                 but
                 cut
                 not
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 
                   wood
                   of
                   the
                   Stock
                
                 ,
                 then
                 lay
                 the
                 cut
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Graft
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 cut
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Stock
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 the
                 
                   shoulder
                   of
                   the
                   Graft
                
                 ,
                 re●t
                 directly
                 upon
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Stock
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 cut
                 parts
                 of
                 both
                 may
                 joyne
                 
                   even
                   and
                   smooth
                
                 all
                 along
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 bind
                 them
                 together
                 close
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 strong
                 Rushes
                 or
                 Flaggs
                 :
                 then
                 Clay
                 them
                 ,
                 lay
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 inch
                 above
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 much
                 below
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Clay
                 prepared
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 close
                 it
                 above
                 ,
                 and
                 below
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 rain
                 get
                 in
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 's
                 all
                 needs
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 for
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 I
                 account
                 the
                 best
                 way
                 of
                 Grafting
                 for
                 divers
                 Reasons
                 :
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 First
                 ,
                 ●ecause
                 in
                 this
                 way
                 of
                 Grafting
                 we
                 may
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Stocks
                 divers
                 years
                 before
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 graft
                 in
                 the
                 Cleft
                 :
                 by
                 this
                 way
                 of
                 Grafting
                 ,
                 the
                 trees
                 
                 will
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 bear
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 graft
                 the
                 other
                 way
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 This
                 kind
                 of
                 grafting
                 is
                 less
                 hurt
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 the
                 stock
                 and
                 graft
                 ;
                 for
                 cleaving
                 the
                 stock
                 is
                 danger
                 ,
                 and
                 hurt
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 being
                 cloven
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 must
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 heart
                 :
                 whereas
                 in
                 this
                 way
                 of
                 grafting
                 ,
                 it
                 remains
                 whole
                 and
                 entire
                 ,
                 save
                 onely
                 a
                 small
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Barke
                 taken
                 off
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 Graft
                 ,
                 in
                 Cleft-grafting
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 cut
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 heart
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 thin
                 ,
                 but
                 
                   in
                   slicing
                   or
                   packing
                   on
                
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 cut
                 onely
                 on
                 one
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 less
                 hurtf●l
                 to
                 the
                 Graft
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 When
                 stocks
                 are
                 cloven
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 somewhat
                 great
                 ,
                 commonly
                 the
                 Rain
                 and
                 Aire
                 gets
                 into
                 the
                 cleft
                 ,
                 and
                 rots
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 Graft
                 can
                 grow
                 over
                 to
                 cover
                 the
                 head
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 incident
                 in
                 this
                 way
                 of
                 Grafting
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 This
                 way
                 of
                 Grafting
                 is
                 much
                 more
                 easie
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 sure
                 to
                 take
                 and
                 grow
                 ,
                 then
                 grafting
                 in
                 the
                 cleft
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 graft
                 &
                 stock
                 joyn
                 more
                 close
                 and
                 exactly
                 ,
                 then
                 can
                 be
                 in
                 cleaving
                 the
                 stock
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 As
                 this
                 way
                 is
                 easily
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 sure
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 is
                 it
                 more
                 speedily
                 done
                 ,
                 then
                 any
                 other
                 kind
                 of
                 Grafting
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 There
                 is
                 another
                 way
                 of
                 
                   Grafting
                   small
                   stocks
                
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 but
                 just
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 the
                 Grafts
                 you
                 mean
                 to
                 set
                 on
                 .
                 And
                 those
                 Stocks
                 are
                 prepared
                 thus
                 :
                 The
                 top
                 being
                 cut
                 off
                 over
                 against
                 a
                 smooth
                 straight
                 place
                 ,
                 as
                 before
                 ;
                 the
                 Bark
                 of
                 it
                 must
                 not
                 onely
                 be
                 cut
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 the
                 Wood
                 ,
                 quite
                 through
                 to
                 the
                 back
                 side
                 of
                 it
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 directly
                 like
                 as
                 the
                 Graft
                 is
                 cut
                 (
                 as
                 was
                 said
                 )
                 in
                 length
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 cut
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Graft
                 ;
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 cutting
                 the
                 Graft
                 for
                 this
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 with
                 the
                 former●
                 then
                 lay
                 the
                 cut
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Graft
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 cut
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Stock
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Stock
                 (
                 even
                 the
                 very
                 bark
                 of
                 the
                 outside
                 )
                 be
                 directly
                 under
                 the
                 shoulder
                 of
                 the
                 Graft
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 the
                 cut
                 parts
                 both
                 of
                 Graft
                 and
                 Stock
                 ,
                 may
                 joyn
                 ,
                 and
                 answer
                 one
                 another
                 from
                 the
                 top
                 to
                 the
                 bottome
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 bind
                 and
                 clay
                 them
                 as
                 before
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 There
                 is
                 another
                 way
                 of
                 Grafting
                 generally
                 practised
                 ,
                 
                 though
                 not
                 so
                 sure
                 away
                 as
                 the
                 two
                 former
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 a
                 better
                 way
                 for
                 
                   great
                   stocks
                
                 ,
                 for
                 none
                 but
                 small
                 stocks
                 are
                 capable
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 former
                 ways
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 thus
                 :
                 Those
                 stocks
                 that
                 are
                 large
                 (
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 inches
                 in
                 compass
                 )
                 must
                 be
                 cloven
                 ,
                 the
                 tops
                 being
                 cut
                 off
                 in
                 a
                 straight
                 smooth
                 place
                 ,
                 cut
                 the
                 roughness
                 of
                 the
                 top
                 smooth
                 with
                 a
                 sharp
                 knife
                 ,
                 then
                 knock
                 
                 in
                 a
                 strong
                 
                   knife
                   or
                   chissel
                
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 beside
                 the
                 pith
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 capable
                 but
                 of
                 one
                 graft
                 ,
                 then
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 cleave
                 it
                 on
                 that
                 side
                 that
                 is
                 smooth
                 and
                 straight
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 fit
                 for
                 two
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 about
                 an
                 Ell
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 strong
                 stock
                 ,
                 then
                 he
                 careful
                 to
                 chuse
                 both
                 sides
                 smooth
                 ,
                 being
                 cloven
                 with
                 the
                 knife
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 
                   wedg
                   of
                   Box
                
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 hard
                 wood
                 knockt
                 in
                 to
                 keep
                 it
                 open
                 ,
                 then
                 prepare
                 the
                 Graft
                 or
                 Grafts
                 you
                 mean
                 to
                 put
                 in
                 ,
                 cut
                 both
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Graft
                 aslope
                 down
                 from
                 the
                 
                   knot
                   or
                   seam
                
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 straight
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 from
                 a
                 Bud
                 ,
                 about
                 an
                 inch
                 or
                 little
                 more
                 ,
                 shoulder
                 both
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Graft
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 said
                 of
                 one
                 side
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 other
                 sort
                 of
                 grafting
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 it
                 thin
                 at
                 the
                 bottome
                 .
                 Let
                 the
                 
                   outside
                   of
                   the
                   Graft
                
                 be
                 somewhat
                 thicker
                 then
                 the
                 inner-side
                 ,
                 unless
                 the
                 stock
                 be
                 very
                 big
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 so
                 great
                 to
                 pinch
                 the
                 Graft
                 much
                 ,
                 then
                 make
                 the
                 
                   inner-side
                   of
                   the
                   Graft
                   thicker
                
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 it
                 may
                 preserve
                 the
                 outside
                 from
                 being
                 pinched
                 too
                 much
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 in
                 setting
                 in
                 all
                 Grafts
                 into
                 the
                 cleft
                 ,
                 
                 observe
                 this
                 for
                 
                   a
                   most
                   special
                   Rule
                   ,
                   to
                   joyne
                   the
                   inner-side
                   of
                   the
                   bark
                   of
                   the
                   Graft
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   inner-side
                   of
                   the
                   bark
                   of
                   the
                   stock
                   ,
                
                 that
                 the
                 sap
                 may
                 more
                 easily
                 come
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Stock
                 into
                 the
                 Graft
                 to
                 feed
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 main
                 current
                 of
                 the
                 
                   sap
                   ,
                   is
                   between
                   the
                   bark
                   and
                   the
                   wood
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 Some
                 take
                 care
                 to
                 set
                 the
                 out-sides
                 even
                 and
                 smooth
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 is
                 an
                 error
                 in
                 practice
                 ;
                 for
                 we
                 know
                 the
                 Bark
                 of
                 a
                 big
                 stock
                 is
                 much
                 thicker
                 then
                 the
                 Bark
                 of
                 a
                 slender
                 graft
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 outsides
                 be
                 smooth
                 and
                 even
                 ,
                 the
                 insides
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 uneven
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 to
                 joyn
                 
                   the
                   inner
                   sides
                   of
                   both
                   barks
                   together
                   ,
                   all
                   along
                   the
                   cleft
                   ,
                
                 is
                 the
                 
                   principal
                   thing
                   in
                   grafting
                
                 of
                 such
                 big
                 stocks
              
               
                 The
                 Grafts
                 being
                 thus
                 placed
                 in
                 the
                 Stocks
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 wedg
                 pulled
                 out
                 ,
                 then
                 Clay
                 them
                 close
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 an
                 inch
                 above
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 bottome
                 of
                 the
                 Cleft
                 .
              
               
                 
                 In
                 chusing
                 Grafts
                 ,
                 chuse
                 not
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 very
                 small
                 ,
                 and
                 slender
                 ,
                 they
                 commonly
                 fail
                 ;
                 but
                 take
                 the
                 fairest
                 upon
                 the
                 tree
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 fullest
                 of
                 Buds
                 .
              
               
                 
                 The
                 tops
                 of
                 long
                 Grafts
                 ,
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 cut
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 spread
                 the
                 better
                 :
                 and
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 but
                 short
                 ;
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 blossom
                 buds
                 on
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 's
                 commonly
                 seen
                 in
                 Pearmains
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 good
                 bearing
                 kinds
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Graft
                 every
                 Cyence
                 into
                 its
                 own
                 kind
                 ,
                 as
                 all
                 kind
                 of
                 Apples
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 on
                 Crabstocks
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 
                   wild
                   Apple
                
                 )
                 Pear-grafts
                 on
                 
                   wild
                   Pear-stocks
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 of
                 other
                 kinds
                 :
                 joyn
                 not
                 contrary
                 or
                 different
                 kinds
                 ,
                 they
                 never
                 come
                 to
                 perfection
                 :
                 
                 as
                 Cherry-grafts
                 ,
                 or
                 Plum-grafts
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 :
                 Experience
                 makes
                 it
                 manifest
                 to
                 be
                 but
                 lost
                 labour
                 ,
                 they
                 'l
                 grow
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 die
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 in
                 
                   choice
                   of
                   Grafts
                
                 ,
                 
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 consider
                 what
                 Trees
                 (
                 of
                 all
                 kinds
                 )
                 are
                 the
                 best
                 bearers
                 ,
                 some
                 kinds
                 seldom
                 miss
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 kinds
                 (
                 though
                 good
                 fruits
                 )
                 seldom
                 hit
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 take
                 information
                 from
                 those
                 persons
                 ,
                 that
                 know
                 (
                 by
                 experience
                 )
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 trees
                 in
                 this
                 regard
                 ,
                 and
                 accordingly
                 choose
                 ,
                 or
                 refuse
                 grafts
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 Observe
                 the
                 like
                 in
                 choice
                 of
                 Vines
                 .
              
               
                 Such
                 Grafts
                 as
                 are
                 bound
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 said
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 first
                 wayes
                 of
                 Grafting
                 )
                 must
                 be
                 unbound
                 after
                 a
                 certain
                 time
                 ,
                 
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 well
                 closed
                 with
                 the
                 Stock
                 :
                 
                   about
                   Midsommer
                
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 fast
                 enough
                 upon
                 the
                 Stock
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 without
                 danger
                 be
                 unbound
                 :
                 but
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 unbound
                 ,
                 the
                 band
                 sometimes
                 girds
                 and
                 dints
                 in
                 too
                 much
                 ,
                 unless
                 of
                 some
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 band
                 rots
                 or
                 breaks
                 :
                 and
                 besides
                 the
                 winds
                 (
                 when
                 the
                 grafts
                 are
                 grown
                 big
                 and
                 bushy
                 )
                 will
                 indanger
                 the
                 breaking
                 of
                 divers
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 unless
                 they
                 be
                 unbound
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 by
                 some
                 means
                 supported
                 ,
                 and
                 strengthened
                 in
                 the
                 grafted
                 place
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 by
                 tying
                 a
                 small
                 stick
                 to
                 them
                 a
                 little
                 above
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 much
                 below
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 it
                 
                 is
                 engrafted
                 ;
                 but
                 before
                 you
                 thus
                 bind
                 the
                 stick
                 to
                 strengthen
                 the
                 Graft
                 ,
                 put
                 a
                 little
                 clay
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 engrafted
                 place
                 (
                 being
                 unbound
                 )
                 it
                 will
                 cause
                 the
                 sap
                 sooner
                 to
                 cover
                 the
                 head
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 the
                 Grafts
                 be
                 Grafted
                 near
                 unto
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 or
                 not
                 above
                 half
                 a
                 yard
                 high
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 much
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 breaking
                 by
                 the
                 winds
                 especially
                 such
                 whose
                 growth
                 is
                 most
                 into
                 one
                 single
                 shoot
                 or
                 two
                 ;
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 grow
                 but
                 upon
                 small
                 ,
                 or
                 weak
                 stocks
                 :
                 as
                 to
                 such
                 ,
                 this
                 labour
                 (
                 in
                 tying
                 the
                 Graft
                 ,
                 to
                 strengthen
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 grafted
                 place
                 )
                 may
                 be
                 spared
                 :
                 Those
                 that
                 are
                 
                   high
                   stocks
                
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 
                   strong
                   growth
                
                 ,
                 and
                 shoot
                 forth
                 their
                 Grafts
                 vigorously
                 ,
                 and
                 into
                 a
                 
                   great
                   head
                   of
                   many
                   branches
                
                 ,
                 are
                 most
                 indanger
                 of
                 winds
                 ,
                 especially
                 the
                 West-winds
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 commonly
                 strongest
                 )
                 for
                 the
                 first
                 year
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 ,
                 a
                 week
                 or
                 fortnight
                 before
                 and
                 after
                 Midsommer
                 ;
                 being
                 they
                 are
                 yet
                 tender
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 well
                 closed
                 with
                 the
                 stock
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 these
                 especially
                 must
                 be
                 taken
                 care
                 of
                 in
                 this
                 regard
                 ,
                 only
                 for
                 the
                 
                   first
                   year
                
                 ,
                 after
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 danger
                 at
                 all
                 of
                 
                   breaking
                   by
                   the
                   winds
                
                 .
                 Some
                 kinds
                 of
                 Flags
                 (
                 wherewith
                 we
                 bind
                 Grafts
                 are
                 so
                 tough
                 and
                 strong
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 yield
                 a
                 jot
                 ,
                 nor
                 break
                 with
                 the
                 growth
                 and
                 swelling
                 of
                 the
                 Stock
                 and
                 Graft
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 
                 other
                 Bands
                 do
                 )
                 and
                 therefore
                 there
                 is
                 the
                 more
                 need
                 to
                 look
                 to
                 such
                 ,
                 to
                 cut
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 unbind
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 before
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 else
                 they
                 cause
                 dints
                 or
                 circles
                 in
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 they
                 bind
                 ,
                 the
                 barke
                 swelling
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 binding
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 makes
                 the
                 Graft
                 more
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 breaking
                 ,
                 unless
                 unbound
                 ,
                 and
                 strengthened
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 ,
                 as
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 Grafts
                 have
                 had
                 their
                 full
                 growth
                 the
                 first
                 year
                 ,
                 
                 they
                 must
                 be
                 Pruned
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 need
                 Pruning
                 :
                 as
                 for
                 
                   wall
                   Plants
                
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 no
                 matter
                 of
                 how
                 many
                 Branches
                 they
                 spread
                 ,
                 more
                 the
                 better
                 :
                 but
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 Grafted
                 low
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 must
                 be
                 made
                 standards
                 ,
                 leave
                 only
                 one
                 shoot
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   strongest
                   and
                   biggest
                   shoot
                
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 not
                 that
                 straight
                 shoot
                 begin
                 to
                 spread
                 ,
                 till
                 it
                 be
                 an
                 
                   Ell
                   long
                
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 rather
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 let
                 the
                 Branches
                 spread
                 ,
                 and
                 enlarge
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 herein
                 observe
                 ,
                 that
                 unless
                 these
                 young
                 Grafts
                 put
                 forth
                 a
                 
                   strong
                   and
                   lusty
                   shoot
                
                 ,
                 do
                 not
                 prune
                 off
                 the
                 
                   side
                   Branches
                
                 ,
                 left
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 plant
                 be
                 too
                 small
                 ,
                 and
                 limber
                 to
                 bear
                 his
                 head
                 ;
                 as
                 is
                 often
                 seen
                 in
                 a
                 Nursery
                 where
                 plants
                 grow
                 close
                 ,
                 and
                 neer
                 together
                 :
                 if
                 the
                 body
                 be
                 very
                 slender
                 ,
                 then
                 suffer
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 
                   side
                   twigs
                
                 to
                 grow
                 until
                 the
                 body
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 sufficient
                 strength
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 top
                 .
              
               
               
                 And
                 from
                 year
                 to
                 year
                 ,
                 prune
                 off
                 those
                 shoots
                 and
                 branches
                 as
                 are
                 superfluous
                 ,
                 and
                 grow
                 too
                 near
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 preserve
                 onely
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 fit
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Tree
                 of
                 a
                 comely
                 form
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 any
                 spice
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 shoot
                 too
                 strongly
                 upwards
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 onely
                 ,
                 and
                 spread
                 not
                 sufficiently
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 often
                 seen
                 in
                 
                   Peare
                   trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 trees
                 )
                 cut
                 off
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 those
                 strong
                 shoots
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 ,
                 and
                 still
                 preserve
                 the
                 outmost
                 branches
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 spread
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 branches
                 hang
                 not
                 too
                 near
                 the
                 ground
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 so
                 much
                 concerning
                 Grafting
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 pruning
                 while
                 they
                 are
                 young
                 Plants
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 now
                 speak
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 work
                 whereby
                 Fruit-trees
                 are
                 increased
                 .
                 Inoculating
                 ,
                 or
                 putting
                 a
                 small
                 Bud
                 into
                 a
                 Stock
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 effects
                 of
                 it
                 )
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 with
                 Grafting
                 ,
                 but
                 differs
                 much
                 in
                 the
                 season
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 work
                 .
              
               
                 
                 The
                 time
                 for
                 
                   Inoculating
                   Buds
                
                 is
                 about
                 Midsommer
                 ,
                 a
                 fortnight
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 fortnight
                 after
                 is
                 the
                 chief
                 season
                 ,
                 though
                 some
                 Plants
                 (
                 full
                 of
                 Sap
                 )
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 afterwards
                 with
                 good
                 success
                 upon
                 young
                 frim
                 stocks
                 ,
                 even
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 bark
                 will
                 rise
                 .
                 And
                 take
                 heed
                 of
                 beginning
                 too
                 soon
                 with
                 
                 any
                 Buds
                 ;
                 before
                 they
                 have
                 attained
                 a
                 sufficient
                 strength
                 and
                 growth
                 ;
                 some
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 fit
                 to
                 Inoculate
                 until
                 August
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 all
                 ▪
                 that
                 Month
                 upon
                 some
                 frim
                 sappy
                 stocks
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 this
                 business
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 to
                 good
                 purpose
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 considered
                 whether
                 the
                 Buds
                 we
                 mean
                 to
                 get
                 ,
                 are
                 sufficiently
                 grown
                 or
                 not
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 
                   too
                   young
                   &
                   tender
                
                 :
                 and
                 we
                 shall
                 find
                 that
                 some
                 kinds
                 of
                 Trees
                 have
                 buds
                 ready
                 sooner
                 then
                 others
                 .
                 As
                 the
                 Aprecott
                 especially
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 shoot
                 strongly
                 .
                 Let
                 then
                 the
                 biggest
                 and
                 strongest
                 shoots
                 be
                 cut
                 from
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 that
                 have
                 grown
                 since
                 the
                 spring
                 to
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 shoot
                 (
                 all
                 those
                 Buds
                 that
                 are
                 too
                 small
                 and
                 tender
                 )
                 and
                 also
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 leaves
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 about
                 a
                 quarter
                 of
                 an
                 inch
                 from
                 the
                 Bud
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 part
                 left
                 ,
                 we
                 hold
                 the
                 Bud
                 ,
                 being
                 taken
                 off
                 the
                 branch
                 :
                 but
                 leave
                 not
                 on
                 the
                 whole
                 
                   leaf
                   and
                   stalk
                
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 do
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 aire
                 (
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 the
                 leaf
                 )
                 extracts
                 and
                 draws
                 out
                 the
                 sap
                 of
                 the
                 Bud
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 spoils
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 go
                 to
                 the
                 Plants
                 you
                 intend
                 to
                 Inoculate
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 must
                 be
                 like
                 (
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 general
                 kinds
                 )
                 with
                 the
                 Buds
                 that
                 you
                 intend
                 to
                 set
                 on
                 :
                 as
                 Aprecott-buds
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Plum-buds
                 ,
                 on
                 Plum-stocks
                 that
                 are
                 
                 wild
                 stocks
                 :
                 the
                 white
                 Pearl-plum-stock
                 is
                 accounted
                 the
                 best
                 to
                 
                   Inoculate
                   Aprecott-buds
                
                 on
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 choice
                 Plums
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 a
                 Plant
                 full
                 of
                 sap
                 :
                 and
                 in
                 chusing
                 Buds
                 ,
                 or
                 Grafts
                 ,
                 be
                 sure
                 always
                 to
                 cut
                 them
                 from
                 those
                 kinds
                 that
                 (
                 experience
                 shews
                 )
                 are
                 good
                 bearing
                 Trees
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 good
                 fruits
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 in
                 setting
                 on
                 the
                 Bud
                 ,
                 first
                 make
                 a
                 cross
                 cut
                 
                   upon
                   some
                   smooth
                   place
                
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 ,
                 (
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 for
                 a
                 wall-tree
                 ,
                 then
                 half
                 a
                 foot
                 or
                 a
                 foot
                 ,
                 or
                 thereabouts
                 from
                 the
                 ground
                 )
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 cross
                 cut
                 ,
                 make
                 another
                 straight
                 down
                 ,
                 about
                 an
                 
                   Inch
                   long
                
                 ,
                 only
                 through
                 the
                 Bark
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 a
                 Pen-knife
                 ,
                 raise
                 up
                 the
                 Bark
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 to
                 let
                 in
                 the
                 small
                 Bud
                 ,
                 then
                 make
                 hast
                 to
                 prepare
                 the
                 bud
                 (
                 for
                 a
                 man
                 must
                 be
                 quick
                 at
                 this
                 work
                 ,
                 else
                 the
                 Aire
                 ,
                 by
                 sudden
                 drying
                 the
                 Bud
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 cut-part
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 will
                 much
                 hurt
                 :
                 )
                 Cut
                 the
                 bark
                 on
                 both
                 side
                 the
                 Bud
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 a
                 quarter
                 of
                 an
                 inch
                 above
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 much
                 below
                 the
                 Bud
                 ,
                 let
                 that
                 end
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 downwards
                 ,
                 be
                 a
                 little
                 sharp
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 more
                 easily
                 go
                 down
                 ,
                 between
                 the
                 Bark
                 ,
                 and
                 wood
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 ▪
                 and
                 throw
                 away
                 the
                 Bark
                 on
                 the
                 opposite
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Bud
                 ,
                 then
                 with
                 a
                 Quill
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 half
                 cut
                 away
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 
                   Pen
                   of
                   steel
                
                 (
                 made
                 this
                 for
                 the
                 purpose
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 one
                 half
                 of
                 ●
                 
                 Goose-quil
                 )
                 take
                 off
                 the
                 
                   Bud
                   and
                   Bark
                
                 ,
                 by
                 putting
                 it
                 between
                 the
                 Bark
                 and
                 wood
                 :
                 and
                 be
                 sure
                 there
                 be
                 the
                 
                   root
                   of
                   the
                   Bud
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 a
                 little
                 hole
                 in
                 the
                 
                   middle
                   of
                   the
                   Bud
                   within
                
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 root
                 is
                 not
                 there
                 ,
                 throw
                 away
                 that
                 bud
                 ,
                 such
                 will
                 not
                 grow
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Bud
                 being
                 well
                 taken
                 off
                 ,
                 then
                 hold
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 stalk
                 of
                 the
                 leaf
                 ,
                 as
                 before
                 was
                 said
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 it
                 carefully
                 
                   between
                   the
                   bark
                   and
                   the
                   wood
                
                 of
                 the
                 small
                 Plant
                 prepared
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 bud
                 joyne
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 cross
                 cut
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 upper
                 end
                 :
                 then
                 bind
                 the
                 bud
                 with
                 a
                 soft
                 Rush
                 ,
                 or
                 Flag
                 that
                 is
                 strong
                 ,
                 bind
                 it
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 stock
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 where
                 the
                 
                   Root
                   of
                   the
                   bud
                   lies
                
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 just
                 upon
                 the
                 Bud.
                 
              
               
                 After
                 a
                 certain
                 time
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 Buds
                 must
                 be
                 unbound
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 sooner
                 then
                 others
                 ;
                 some
                 stocks
                 grow
                 more
                 in
                 a
                 week
                 ,
                 then
                 some
                 others
                 in
                 a
                 month
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 ,
                 if
                 this
                 work
                 be
                 done
                 early
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 ,
                 before
                 Midsommer
                 ,
                 upon
                 young
                 stocks
                 very
                 full
                 of
                 sap
                 ,
                 these
                 may
                 be
                 unbound
                 about
                 twenty
                 days
                 after
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 
                   General
                   Rule
                
                 may
                 be
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 stock
                 is
                 so
                 grown
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 band
                 about
                 the
                 Bud
                 does
                 much
                 straighten
                 the
                 Bud
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 seen
                 by
                 the
                 swelling
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 above
                 and
                 below
                 the
                 Buds
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 band
                 must
                 be
                 cut
                 and
                 taken
                 off
                 .
                 But
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 near
                 the
                 end
                 
                 of
                 Iuly
                 or
                 after
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 need
                 unbinding
                 so
                 soon
                 .
                 But
                 take
                 heed
                 of
                 making
                 too
                 much
                 hast
                 to
                 
                   unbind
                   buds
                
                 ;
                 there
                 's
                 less
                 danger
                 in
                 suffering
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 
                   long
                   bound
                
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 contrary
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 after
                 unbinding
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 se●
                 which
                 Buds
                 take
                 hold
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 ▪
                 and
                 which
                 do
                 not
                 ;
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 good
                 ,
                 are
                 fast
                 upon
                 the
                 stock
                 ,
                 and
                 appear
                 in
                 their
                 natural
                 colours
                 as
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 set
                 on
                 ▪
                 those
                 that
                 do
                 not
                 hold
                 ,
                 will
                 have
                 lost
                 their
                 colour
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 be
                 withered
                 and
                 dried
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Such
                 as
                 are
                 good
                 ,
                 meddle
                 no
                 more
                 till
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 then
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 stocks
                 an
                 inch
                 or
                 two
                 above
                 the
                 Buds
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 Buds
                 will
                 spring
                 out
                 and
                 grow
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 stocks
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 Autumne
                 after
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 transplanted
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 you
                 please
                 ,
                 such
                 Buds
                 may
                 be
                 transplanted
                 the
                 next
                 Autumne
                 after
                 Inoculating
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 surer
                 way
                 for
                 growing
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 these
                 Buds
                 have
                 grown
                 one
                 year
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 then
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 stock
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 Buds
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 w●ll
                 cover
                 the
                 head
                 as
                 Grafts
                 .
              
               
                 
                 If
                 Buds
                 be
                 not
                 ready
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 but
                 must
                 be
                 fetcht
                 many
                 Miles
                 in
                 that
                 hot
                 time
                 ,
                 then
                 s●ec●al
                 care
                 must
                 be
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 carriage
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Thus
                 ,
                 being
                 cut
                 from
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 tops
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                 leaves
                 near
                 the
                 Buds
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 then
                 bind
                 them
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 wrap
                 them
                 in
                 
                   fresh
                   leaves
                   or
                   grass
                
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 cool
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 will
                 keep
                 good
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 dayes
                 ,
                 but
                 yet
                 make
                 all
                 the
                 hast
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 to
                 Inoculate
                 them
                 .
                 (a)
              
               
                 Having
                 
                   Grafted
                   or
                   Inoculated
                   stocks
                
                 ,
                 make
                 one
                 Letter
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 or
                 write
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 at
                 length
                 upon
                 the
                 stock
                 below
                 the
                 Graft
                 or
                 Bud
                 (
                 whereby
                 to
                 know
                 the
                 kind
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 )
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 be
                 sto●len
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 thereby
                 be
                 known
                 ,
                 
                 being
                 found
                 again
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 done
                 with
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 a
                 Pen-knife
                 ,
                 cutting
                 through
                 the
                 Bark
                 ,
                 the
                 form
                 of
                 a
                 Letter
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 Figure
                 or
                 Character
                 ,
                 whereby
                 to
                 know
                 the
                 kinds
                 of
                 fruits
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 much
                 for
                 
                   Inoculating
                   Buds
                   of
                   Fruit
                   trees
                
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 choice
                 of
                 right
                 kinds
                 of
                 Grafts
                 ,
                 
                 
                   and
                   Stocks
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 joyning
                 of
                 them
                 together
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 natures
                 ,
                 is
                 so
                 necessary
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 observations
                 about
                 them
                 are
                 so
                 essential
                 to
                 the
                 work
                 of
                 profitable
                 planting
                 ,
                 that
                 except
                 they
                 be
                 known
                 ,
                 and
                 practised
                 ,
                 men
                 loose
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 profit
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 ,
                 if
                 rightly
                 observed
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 few
                 
                   special
                   directions
                
                 in
                 any
                 Art
                 ,
                 though
                 consisting
                 but
                 of
                 few
                 lines
                 ,
                 containing
                 ●he
                 Principles
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   essential
                   parts
                
                 ,
                 are
                 better
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 more
                 to
                 the
                 advancement
                 of
                 the
                 Art
                 ,
                 then
                 great
                 Volumes
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 Subject
                 ,
                 when
                 men
                 (
                 as
                 many
                 do
                 )
                 rove
                 about
                 upon
                 unnecessary
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 strange
                 fancies
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 solid
                 grounds
                 ,
                 beside
                 the
                 life
                 of
                 the
                 business
                 .
                 If
                 men
                 miss
                 the
                 
                   Principles
                   ,
                   and
                   essentials
                   of
                   an
                   Art
                   ,
                
                 they
                 discourse
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 little
                 purpose
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 also
                 in
                 the
                 practise
                 :
                 and
                 therefore
                 it
                 has
                 many
                 times
                 fallen
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 men
                 having
                 laboured
                 much
                 ,
                 and
                 spent
                 much
                 time
                 and
                 cost
                 in
                 
                   Planting
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 yet
                 their
                 labours
                 have
                 not
                 succeeded
                 well
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 has
                 been
                 mistakes
                 in
                 
                   some
                   principal
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   very
                   material
                   things
                
                 ;
                 either
                 the
                 Trees
                 have
                 not
                 grown
                 well
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 prospered
                 ,
                 and
                 come
                 to
                 a
                 large
                 growth
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 have
                 not
                 born
                 Fruit
                 well
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 growen
                 ;
                 and
                 born
                 fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 store
                 of
                 fruit
                 ,
                 yet
                 if
                 the
                 fruit
                 hath
                 not
                 been
                 right
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 ,
                 it
                 hath
                 been
                 a
                 great
                 discouragement
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 to
                 themselves
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 others
                 who
                 have
                 seen
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 ,
                 among
                 all
                 Observations
                 about
                 this
                 
                   Art
                   of
                   Planting
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 I
                 know
                 none
                 of
                 
                   greater
                   moment
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   more
                   essential
                
                 to
                 the
                 profitable
                 proceeding
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 
                   choice
                   of
                   right
                   kinds
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   the
                   joyning
                   of
                   Grafts
                   ,
                   Buds
                   ,
                   and
                   Stocks
                   fit
                   for
                   each
                   other
                   .
                
                 I
                 shall
                 therefore
                 mention
                 some
                 particulars
                 of
                 the
                 
                 
                   Twelve
                   kinds
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 choice
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 shew
                 which
                 I
                 account
                 most
                 
                   profitable
                   ,
                   and
                   best
                   to
                   propagate
                   and
                   increase
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   they
                   fit
                   several
                   stocks
                
                 when
                 the
                 
                   Cyences
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   Engrafted
                   ,
                   or
                   buds
                   Inoculated
                   .
                
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 1
                 concerning
                 Apples
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 choice
                 of
                 Apple-Grafts
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 consider
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 
                   goodness
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 ,
                 whether
                 the
                 Trees
                 be
                 
                   good
                   bearing
                   Trees
                   naturally
                
                 :
                 whether
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 known
                 them
                 divers
                 years
                 ,
                 can
                 say
                 by
                 experience
                 ,
                 
                   they
                   bear
                   well
                
                 ,
                 but
                 many
                 look
                 not
                 after
                 this
                 so
                 much
                 ,
                 as
                 what
                 kind
                 of
                 fruit
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   goodness
                
                 .
                 And
                 thence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 men
                 having
                 store
                 of
                 faire
                 ,
                 large
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 but
                 little
                 fruit
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 Therefore
                 let
                 the
                 
                   generality
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 (
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 Orchards
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 )
                 be
                 of
                 right
                 
                   kinds
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   bearing
                
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 
                   goodness
                   of
                   the
                   fruit
                
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 for
                 variety
                 ,
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 some
                 of
                 other
                 kinds
                 of
                 good
                 and
                 choice
                 fruits
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 bear
                 but
                 few
                 and
                 seldome
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 for
                 particular
                 kinds
                 of
                 Apples
                 ,
                 I
                 commend
                 the
                 
                   Sommer
                   Pearmain
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Winter
                   Pearmain
                
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 for
                 special
                 fruits
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 for
                 
                   good
                   bearing
                   kinds
                
                 .
                 So
                 likewise
                 the
                 small
                 spice
                 
                   Pippin
                   ,
                   a
                   good
                   Apple
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   great
                   bearer
                
                 ;
                 The
                 
                   Harvey
                   Apple
                
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 choice
                 fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Trees
                 bear
                 well
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Queen
                   Apple
                
                 is
                 a
                 
                   great
                   bearing
                   fruit
                
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 Gilloflour
                 .
                 *
                 Many
                 other
                 kinds
                 might
                 be
                 named
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 special
                 good
                 fruits
                 ,
                 &
                 
                   great
                   bearing
                   kinds
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 prefer
                 one
                 kind
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 another
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 great
                 and
                 
                   general
                   Rule
                
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 kinds
                 of
                 fruits
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 to
                 
                   take
                   Grafts
                   from
                   those
                   Trees
                   which
                   are
                   known
                   by
                   experience
                   to
                   bear
                   store
                   of
                   fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   good
                   ,
                
                 and
                 to
                 multiply
                 these
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Stocks
                 fit
                 for
                 
                   Apple
                   Grafts
                
                 ,
                 I
                 account
                 Crab-trees
                 better
                 then
                 sweeter
                 Apple-trees
                 to
                 graft
                 on
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 usually
                 free
                 from
                 the
                 Canker
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 become
                 
                   very
                   large
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 last
                 longer
                 then
                 Stocks
                 of
                 sweeter
                 Apple-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 make
                 fruits
                 more
                 strong
                 ,
                 and
                 hardy
                 to
                 endure
                 Frosts
                 ,
                 and
                 cold
                 weather
                 in
                 the
                 spring
                 :
                 yet
                 it
                 is
                 good
                 to
                 chuse
                 stocks
                 of
                 some
                 pleasant
                 Apples
                 ,
                 to
                 graft
                 some
                 choice
                 fruit
                 upon
                 ;
                 Because
                 that
                 the
                 stock
                 hath
                 some
                 small
                 influence
                 upon
                 the
                 fruits
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 more
                 delicate
                 ,
                 if
                 grafted
                 upon
                 a
                 
                   choice
                   stock
                
                 .
                 Although
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 graft
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 Governe
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 shew'd
                 at
                 large
                 .
              
               
                 2
                 As
                 for
                 Pears
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 multitudes
                 of
                 kinds
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 of
                 Apples
                 ,
                 some
                 preferring
                 
                 one
                 kind
                 and
                 some
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 fruit
                 is
                 called
                 by
                 several
                 names
                 ,
                 in
                 several
                 places
                 .
                 A
                 late
                 Author
                 sayes
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 perswaded
                 there
                 are
                 400.
                 or
                 500.
                 
                   several
                   kinds
                   of
                   Pears
                
                 .
                 Now
                 therefore
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 point
                 of
                 wisdom
                 to
                 chuse
                 Grafts
                 from
                 the
                 best
                 bearing
                 kinds
                 ,
                 although
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 not
                 so
                 delicate
                 to
                 eat
                 as
                 some
                 others
                 .
                 I
                 know
                 none
                 but
                 they
                 are
                 very
                 useful
                 and
                 profitable
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Windsor
                   Pear
                
                 is
                 accounted
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 with
                 us
                 ,
                 some
                 kinds
                 bear
                 not
                 well
                 ,
                 but
                 some
                 others
                 do
                 ,
                 therefore
                 observe
                 the
                 former
                 Rule
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Sommer
                   Burgamet
                
                 is
                 a
                 choice
                 fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Trees
                 bear
                 well
                 ;
                 so
                 also
                 the
                 
                   Winter
                   Burgamet
                
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 for
                 a
                 constant
                 bearing
                 kind
                 .
                 
                 I
                 know
                 none
                 better
                 then
                 the
                 
                   Catherine
                   Pear
                
                 ,
                 both
                 the
                 Russet
                 and
                 the
                 Red
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 must
                 be
                 quickly
                 spent
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 no
                 lasting
                 fruits
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Greenfield
                   Pear
                
                 ,
                 is
                 an
                 excellent
                 Pear
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   a
                   great
                   bearer
                
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 Pear
                 they
                 call
                 a
                 Choke-Pear
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 accounted
                 a
                 special
                 kind
                 for
                 Perry
                 ,
                 although
                 the
                 Pear
                 to
                 eat
                 ,
                 is
                 stark
                 naught
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 men
                 may
                 adventure
                 to
                 plant
                 the
                 Trees
                 in
                 the
                 
                   fields
                   and
                   hedges
                
                 ,
                 and
                 need
                 not
                 fear
                 stealing
                 of
                 the
                 fruits
                 .
                 I
                 advise
                 (
                 for
                 that
                 reason
                 )
                 to
                 plant
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 on
                 purpose
                 
                 to
                 grind
                 the
                 fruits
                 for
                 Perry
                 .
                 Mr.
                 Parkinson
                 says
                 ,
                 the
                 Perry
                 of
                 these
                 Pears
                 ,
                 is
                 scarce
                 discerned
                 from
                 Wine
                 ,
                 neither
                 by
                 tast
                 nor
                 colour
                 ,
                 after
                 it
                 hath
                 been
                 kept
                 certain
                 months
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 best
                 kind
                 of
                 stocks
                 to
                 graft
                 Pear-grafts
                 upon
                 ,
                 are
                 such
                 as
                 come
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Seeds
                   or
                   Kernels
                   of
                   Pears
                
                 .
                 I
                 know
                 no
                 difference
                 among
                 these
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 good
                 to
                 graft
                 upon
                 ▪
                 And
                 I
                 utterly
                 dislike
                 grafting
                 these
                 Fruits
                 upon
                 White-thorne
                 ,
                 or
                 upon
                 any
                 kinde
                 of
                 stocks
                 beside
                 Pear-stocks
                 .
                 The
                 fruits
                 are
                 naught
                 (
                 having
                 a
                 hard
                 and
                 stony
                 core
                 )
                 if
                 grafted
                 upon
                 a
                 Thorne-tree
                 .
              
               
                 3
                 There
                 are
                 many
                 kind
                 of
                 Cherries
                 .
                 The
                 Flanders-cherry
                 is
                 most
                 generally
                 planted
                 here
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 
                   a
                   great
                   bearing
                   fruit
                
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 them
                 (
                 if
                 planted
                 against
                 a
                 south-wall
                 )
                 are
                 almost
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 May-Cherry
                 ,
                 they
                 follow
                 close
                 after
                 :
                 The
                 May-Cherries
                 are
                 tender
                 ,
                 the
                 Trees
                 must
                 be
                 set
                 in
                 a
                 warm
                 place
                 ,
                 upon
                 some
                 smooth
                 south-wall
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   morning
                   sun
                
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Flanders
                 hear
                 well
                 in
                 Orchards
                 ,
                 and
                 Fields
                 at
                 large
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   black
                   Hart-Cherry
                
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 special
                 fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 
                   great
                   bearing-fruit
                
                 ;
                 and
                 doubtless
                 exceeding
                 proper
                 to
                 press
                 for
                 Wine
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 drink
                 of
                 it self
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 mix
                 the
                 juice
                 with
                 Cider
                 to
                 give
                 it
                 a
                 colour
                 ,
                 as
                 Clarret-wine
                 .
                 It
                 being
                 of
                 a
                 deep
                 red
                 ,
                 &
                 a
                 small
                 quantity
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 will
                 colour
                 a
                 gallon
                 of
                 
                   Cider
                   or
                   
                   white-wine
                
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 Cherry
                 we
                 call
                 the
                 
                   great
                   bearing
                   cherry
                
                 ,
                 of
                 Mr.
                 Millen
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 very
                 well
                 be
                 called
                 the
                 
                   great
                   bearer
                
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Trees
                 seldome
                 fail
                 of
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 fruits
                 ,
                 although
                 in
                 a
                 cold
                 ,
                 and
                 sharp
                 spring
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 something
                 a
                 tart
                 fruit
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 deep
                 red
                 ,
                 almost
                 blackish
                 ,
                 when
                 full
                 ripe
                 .
                 The
                 juice
                 is
                 very
                 proper
                 to
                 colour
                 
                   Cider
                   ,
                   Perry
                   ,
                   White-wine
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 kinds
                 are
                 not
                 ripe
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 red
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Flanders
                 are
                 ,
                 but
                 should
                 grow
                 10
                 dayes
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 fortnight
                 after
                 ,
                 until
                 they
                 become
                 a
                 very
                 deep
                 red
                 :
                 These
                 (
                 being
                 somewhat
                 late
                 ere
                 they
                 be
                 ripe
                 )
                 will
                 hang
                 upon
                 the
                 Trees
                 until
                 October
                 ,
                 or
                 after
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 the
                 Trees
                 grow
                 in
                 the
                 shade
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 they
                 are
                 rarities
                 as
                 much
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 then
                 those
                 in
                 May
                 :
                 the
                 White-cherry
                 (
                 the
                 right
                 kind
                 )
                 is
                 a
                 delicate
                 fruit
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 more
                 kinds
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 above
                 twenty
                 several
                 kinds
                 of
                 Cherries
                 in
                 my
                 Garden
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   great
                   bearing
                   Cherry
                
                 aforementioned
                 ,
                 is
                 most
                 fit
                 for
                 
                   cold
                   Countries
                
                 in
                 the
                 North-parts
                 ,
                 and
                 although
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 altogether
                 so
                 pleasant
                 as
                 some
                 other
                 Cherries
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 tartness
                 of
                 the
                 juice
                 ,
                 yet
                 let
                 men
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   sharp
                   Cherries
                
                 are
                 more
                 wholsome
                 then
                 the
                 sweet
                 .
                 And
                 such
                 as
                 plant
                 Trees
                 of
                 this
                 kind
                 ,
                 may
                 have
                 good
                 store
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 when
                 others
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 want
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 none
                 of
                 these
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
               
                 Concerning
                 Stocks
                 fit
                 for
                 Cherry-trees
                 ,
                 ●
                 account
                 the
                 Black-Cherry-stock
                 the
                 best
                 to
                 graft
                 any
                 kind
                 of
                 Cherry
                 upon
                 .
                 Yet
                 some
                 hold
                 the
                 Red-Cherry-stock
                 is
                 best
                 for
                 May-Cherries
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Black-Cherry-stocks
                 are
                 goodly
                 straight
                 Plants
                 and
                 full
                 of
                 Sap
                 ,
                 and
                 become
                 greater
                 Trees
                 then
                 the
                 Red-Cherry-trees
                 .
              
               
                 4
                 There
                 are
                 very
                 many
                 kinds
                 of
                 Plums
                 ,
                 many
                 more
                 then
                 of
                 Cherries
                 .
                 I
                 esteem
                 the
                 Mustle-Plum
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 faire
                 large
                 Purple-plush
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 an
                 excellent
                 rellish
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Trees
                   bear
                   abundantly
                
                 .
                 The
                 Damazeene
                 also
                 is
                 an
                 excellent
                 fruit
                 .
                 The
                 Violet
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Premorden
                   Plum-trees
                
                 ,
                 are
                 very
                 
                   great
                   bearing
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fruits
                 pleasant
                 and
                 good
                 .
                 The
                 Damasco-Plum
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 good
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Trees
                 bear
                 well
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 other
                 kinds
                 might
                 be
                 named
                 ,
                 very
                 good
                 Plums
                 ;
                 some
                 approve
                 of
                 one
                 kind
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 driest
                 plums
                 which
                 part
                 from
                 the
                 stones
                 ,
                 are
                 accounted
                 best
                 .
              
               
                 Plum-Grafts
                 must
                 be
                 grafted
                 upon
                 Plum-stocks
                 ,
                 not
                 upon
                 Cherry-stocks
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 kind
                 of
                 stocks
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 know
                 .
                 The
                 
                   White
                   Pear-plum-stocks
                
                 are
                 accounted
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 the
                 Damson-stocks
                 the
                 worst
                 ,
                 being
                 dry
                 stocks
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 Grafts
                 cannot
                 so
                 well
                 take
                 ,
                 nor
                 thrive
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 
                 Those
                 stocks
                 of
                 Plums
                 which
                 have
                 large
                 leaves
                 and
                 full
                 shoots
                 ,
                 I
                 account
                 the
                 best
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 fullest
                 of
                 sap
                 .
              
               
                 Graft
                 not
                 Plum-grafts
                 upon
                 
                   Cherry
                   stocks
                
                 ,
                 nor
                 Cherries
                 upon
                 Plums
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 prescribe
                 :
                 
                   different
                   kinds
                
                 will
                 not
                 
                   agree
                   together
                
                 .
                 They
                 l
                 grow
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 &
                 then
                 die
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 Aprecocks
                 are
                 (
                 in
                 the
                 general
                 )
                 accounted
                 Plums
                 ,
                 5
                 yet
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 excellency
                 of
                 the
                 fruit
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 spoken
                 of
                 by
                 themselves
                 .
                 I
                 know
                 but
                 few
                 kinds
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 some
                 I
                 know
                 to
                 be
                 far
                 
                   better
                   bearers
                
                 ,
                 some
                 are
                 larger
                 then
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 sooner
                 ripe
                 then
                 others
                 ;
                 all
                 
                   good
                   fruits
                
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 one
                 kind
                 that
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 
                   great
                   bearer
                
                 and
                 a
                 faire
                 large
                 fruit
                 ,
                 observe
                 then
                 those
                 Trees
                 that
                 usually
                 
                   bear
                   well
                
                 ,
                 and
                 get
                 Buds
                 from
                 them
                 at
                 the
                 season
                 to
                 Inoculate
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 shew'd
                 pag.
                 50.
                 for
                 these
                 must
                 be
                 propagated
                 only
                 by
                 the
                 bud
                 ,
                 not
                 by
                 grafting
                 .
                 I
                 account
                 the
                 White-pear-plum-stocks
                 the
                 best
                 to
                 
                   Inoculate
                   Aprecock
                   buds
                
                 upon
                 ,
                 although
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 upon
                 other
                 Plum-stocks
                 with
                 
                   good
                   success
                
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 
                   good
                   juicy
                   stocks
                
                 ,
                 able
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 large
                 nourishment
                 ,
                 for
                 Aprecock-trees
                 require
                 much
                 nourishment
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 joyn
                 the
                 Nectrine
                 with
                 the
                 Aprecock
                 ,
                 although
                 another
                 kind
                 of
                 fruit
                 .
                 The
                 best
                 kind
                 that
                 I
                 know
                 is
                 the
                 
                   Roman
                   red
                   Nectrine
                
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 hard
                 to
                 be
                 propagated
                 :
                 as
                 
                 for
                 Grafting
                 ,
                 none
                 take
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 but
                 few
                 with
                 Inoculating
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 conceive
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 dearest
                 of
                 all
                 Plants
                 with
                 us
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Yellow
                   and
                   Green
                   Nectrines
                
                 ,
                 are
                 much
                 short
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 goodness
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   White
                   Pear-Plum-stock
                
                 (
                 though
                 accounted
                 the
                 best
                 for
                 any
                 plum
                 ,
                 yet
                 I
                 finde
                 )
                 is
                 scarce
                 good
                 enough
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 fruit
                 to
                 be
                 Inoculated
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 though
                 some
                 do
                 indifferent
                 well
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 I
                 hold
                 it
                 best
                 to
                 Inoculate
                 the
                 
                   Roman
                   red
                   Nectrine
                
                 upon
                 the
                 Branch
                 of
                 an
                 Aprecock
                 ,
                 which
                 before
                 hath
                 been
                 Inoculated
                 upon
                 a
                 good
                 Plum-stock
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 give
                 not
                 only
                 a
                 larger
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 finer
                 nourishment
                 then
                 ordinary
                 Plum-stocks
                 can
                 do
                 :
                 upon
                 these
                 stocks
                 they
                 take
                 and
                 hold
                 exceeding
                 well
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 upon
                 Peach-stocks
                 .
              
               
                 6
                 Of
                 Peaches
                 there
                 are
                 divers
                 kinds
                 :
                 I
                 know
                 by
                 experience
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Nutmeg
                   ,
                   and
                   Newington
                   Peaches
                
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 excellent
                 tasted
                 fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 good
                 bearers
                 ,
                 especially
                 the
                 Nutmeg-Peach
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 amends
                 for
                 the
                 smallness
                 of
                 the
                 fruit
                 :
                 but
                 the
                 Newington-Peach
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 large
                 and
                 gallant
                 fruit
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 require
                 choice
                 Plum-stocks
                 to
                 be
                 Inoculated
                 upon
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   White
                   Pear-plum-stock
                
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 stocks
                 comming
                 of
                 Peach-stones
                 .
              
               
               
                 I
                 know
                 but
                 one
                 kind
                 of
                 Figs
                 that
                 come
                 to
                 ripeness
                 with
                 us
                 in
                 England
                 .
                 7
                 The
                 
                   great
                   Blew
                   fig
                
                 ,
                 as
                 large
                 as
                 a
                 Catherine-Pear
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Trees
                 grow
                 in
                 divers
                 Gardens
                 in
                 Oxford
                 ,
                 and
                 bear
                 their
                 fruits
                 to
                 perfect
                 ripeness
                 :
                 The
                 trees
                 must
                 be
                 set
                 against
                 a
                 South-wall
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 spread
                 up
                 with
                 nailes
                 ,
                 and
                 Leathers
                 ;
                 or
                 if
                 Planted
                 upon
                 warm
                 land
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 warm
                 place
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 bear
                 well
                 on
                 Standards
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Trees
                 are
                 increased
                 from
                 the
                 Root
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 Tree
                 ;
                 draw
                 up
                 the
                 small
                 suckers
                 ,
                 and
                 plant
                 them
                 ;
                 These
                 need
                 neither
                 Inoculating
                 ,
                 nor
                 Grafting
                 :
                 also
                 bend
                 the
                 boughs
                 (
                 that
                 are
                 lowest
                 )
                 down
                 into
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 'l
                 take
                 root
                 ,
                 as
                 Vines
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 transplanted
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 Authors
                 affirm
                 that
                 there
                 have
                 been
                 Vine-yards
                 in
                 England
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 ,
                 8
                 though
                 they
                 be
                 all
                 destroyed
                 long
                 since
                 .
                 Divers
                 places
                 retaine
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 Vine-yards
                 still
                 .
                 At
                 Bromwel-Abby
                 in
                 Norfolke
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 Elie
                 in
                 Cambridg-shire
                 ,
                 which
                 afforded
                 wine
                 :
                 what
                 else
                 is
                 the
                 meaning
                 of
                 these
                 old
                 Rimes
                 ?
              
               
                 
                   Quatuor
                   sunt
                   Eliae
                   ;
                   Lanterna
                   ,
                   Capella
                   ,
                   Mariae
                
                 
                   Et
                   Molendinum
                   ,
                   nec
                   non
                   dans
                   Vinea
                   vinum
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 Englished
                 thus
                 :
                 
                   
                     Foure
                     things
                     of
                     
                       Elie
                       Towne
                    
                     much
                     spoken
                     are
                     ,
                  
                   
                     The
                     
                       Leaden
                       Lanthorne
                       ,
                       Maries
                       Chappel
                    
                     rare
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     mighty
                     Mil-hill
                     in
                     the
                     Minster
                     field
                     ,
                  
                   
                     And
                     fruitful
                     Vineyards
                     which
                     sweet
                     wine
                     doe
                     yield
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 And
                 doubtless
                 men
                 might
                 Plant
                 Vines
                 with
                 good
                 success
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 good
                 wine
                 even
                 with
                 us
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 many
                 kinds
                 of
                 Vines
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 I
                 know
                 none
                 so
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 fit
                 for
                 our
                 Climate
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Parsley
                   Vine
                
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 white
                 and
                 red
                 muskcadine
                 ,
                 we
                 see
                 by
                 experience
                 yearely
                 these
                 beare
                 abundance
                 of
                 fruits
                 unto
                 perfection
                 .
                 
                 And
                 whosoever
                 will
                 plant
                 Vines
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 he
                 cannot
                 meet
                 with
                 better
                 kinds
                 than
                 these
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 
                   bearing
                   and
                   goodness
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Frantiniack
                   Grape
                
                 is
                 of
                 great
                 Account
                 with
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 a
                 special
                 fruit
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 perfect
                 ripeness
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 hardly
                 does
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Vine
                 be
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 South-wall
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 may
                 have
                 
                   much
                   sun
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Red
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   white
                   Muskcadine
                   Grape
                
                 
                 are
                 special
                 fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 bear
                 very
                 well
                 ,
                 and
                 come
                 to
                 perfect
                 ripeness
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Vines
                 grow
                 upon
                 the
                 South-wall
                 ,
                 or
                 upon
                 the
                 East-wall
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 best
                 next
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 the
                 
                   Curran
                   Grape
                   ,
                   Cluster
                   Grape
                
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 kinds
                 of
                 good
                 Grapes
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 fruits
                 are
                 better
                 or
                 worse
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 they
                 grow
                 in
                 ;
                 If
                 they
                 have
                 
                   much
                   sunne
                
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 
                   well
                   ordered
                
                 ,
                 the
                 fruit
                 will
                 be
                 better
                 and
                 
                   sooner
                   ripe
                
                 .
              
               
                 Vines
                 are
                 increased
                 by
                 laying
                 down
                 branches
                 into
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 winter
                 ,
                 or
                 spring
                 ,
                 letting
                 them
                 grow
                 still
                 upon
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 until
                 
                   removing
                   time
                
                 the
                 year
                 after
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Roots
                 taken
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 planted
                 elsewhere
                 :
                 Also
                 the
                 Cuttings
                 will
                 grown
                 laid
                 in
                 the
                 ground
                 in
                 the
                 winter
                 ,
                 or
                 spring
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 grow
                 but
                 weakly
                 &
                 slowly
                 for
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 or
                 two
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 have
                 in
                 these
                 parts
                 the
                 English
                 ,
                 9
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Portugal
                   Quinces
                
                 ;
                 the
                 Portugal
                 I
                 esteem
                 as
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 bearing
                 ,
                 and
                 use
                 ;
                 These
                 are
                 increased
                 by
                 suckers
                 from
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 the
                 trees
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 boughes
                 also
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 in
                 pieces
                 
                   a
                   yard
                   long
                
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 ,
                 or
                 less
                 ,
                 and
                 layd
                 in
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 will
                 grow
                 (
                 as
                 Vines
                 and
                 
                   Mulberry
                   cuttings
                
                 )
                 and
                 bear
                 the
                 same
                 fruits
                 ;
                 These
                 kind
                 of
                 trees
                 are
                 commonly
                 long
                 ere
                 they
                 bear
                 fruits
                 .
              
               
               
                 It
                 is
                 observed
                 that
                 Qince-trees
                 bear
                 much
                 better
                 in
                 
                   fat
                   moist
                   ground●
                
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 
                   dryer
                   grounds
                
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 seen
                 upon
                 som
                 
                   Ditch
                   sides
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   ranck
                   soyles
                
                 about
                 London
              
               
                 10
                 There
                 are
                 two
                 kinds
                 of
                 Mulberry-trees
                 with
                 us
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 the
                 Black
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 White
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 White
                 I
                 never
                 saw
                 any
                 of
                 its
                 fruit
                 ,
                 they
                 very
                 seldome
                 bear
                 well
                 with
                 us
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 
                   Black
                   Mulberry-tree
                
                 never
                 failes
                 of
                 fruit
                 after
                 it
                 is
                 grown
                 up
                 .
                 These
                 trees
                 are
                 not
                 increased
                 by
                 Grafting
                 or
                 Inoculating
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 Cuttings
                 from
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 or
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 trees
                 :
                 Cut
                 a
                 bow
                 off
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 a
                 mans
                 arme
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 cut
                 it
                 in
                 small
                 Truncheons
                 ,
                 or
                 pieces
                 a
                 yard
                 long
                 or
                 less
                 ,
                 lay
                 these
                 small
                 and
                 great
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 ground
                 a
                 foot
                 deep
                 ,
                 only
                 the
                 one
                 end
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 ground
                 a
                 hands
                 bredth
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 or
                 there
                 abouts
                 in
                 good
                 
                   fat
                   ground
                
                 somewhat
                 moist
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 didivers
                 young
                 springs
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 Planted
                 at
                 a
                 fit
                 distance
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 old
                 Roots
                 will
                 yearly
                 send
                 out
                 more
                 ,
                 also
                 the
                 branches
                 may
                 be
                 bowed
                 down
                 and
                 layd
                 in
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 on
                 one
                 ,
                 or
                 several
                 sides
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 take
                 root
                 and
                 multiply
                 abudantly
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 transplanted
                 .
              
               
                 11
                 Medlers
                 may
                 be
                 grafted
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 they
                 take
                 well
                 upon
                 a
                 
                   White
                   thorne
                
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 much
                 rather
                 
                 approve
                 the
                 Grafting
                 or
                 Inoculating
                 of
                 them
                 upon
                 Pear-stocks
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 fruit
                 will
                 be
                 much
                 better
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 trees
                 much
                 larger
                 then
                 upon
                 White-thorne
                 .
              
               
                 Walnut-trees
                 are
                 propagated
                 from
                 the
                 Nuts
                 ,
                 12
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 set
                 from
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 ripeness
                 ,
                 until
                 the
                 spring
                 ,
                 an
                 inch
                 deep
                 or
                 little
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 transplanted
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 at
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 distance
                 ,
                 24.
                 or
                 30.
                 yards
                 asunder
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 very
                 large
                 spreading
                 trees
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 planted
                 on
                 the
                 North
                 or
                 East-sides
                 for
                 shelter
                 ,
                 then
                 set
                 them
                 nearer
                 .
              
               
                 Be
                 sure
                 to
                 chuse
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Nuts
                 to
                 set
                 ,
                 the
                 fairest
                 Nuts
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   thinnest
                   shells
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   good
                   bearers
                
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 much
                 (
                 briefly
                 )
                 concerning
                 
                   the
                   best
                   bearing
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 they
                 are
                 propagated
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 those
                 Fruit-trees
                 which
                 bear
                 but
                 little
                 or
                 no
                 fruits
                 ,
                 
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 Grafts
                 and
                 Buds
                 were
                 not
                 chosen
                 from
                 
                   good
                   bearing
                   kinds
                
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 they
                 were
                 engrafted
                 ,
                 I
                 advise
                 (
                 by
                 all
                 means
                 )
                 to
                 Graft
                 or
                 Inoculate
                 such
                 again
                 ,
                 though
                 great
                 ,
                 and
                 old
                 Trees
                 ,
                 such
                 whose
                 boughs
                 are
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 a
                 mans
                 hand
                 wrist
                 ,
                 or
                 smaller
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 grafted
                 in
                 the
                 Cleft
                 with
                 a
                 couple
                 of
                 good
                 Grafts
                 ,
                 of
                 
                   good
                   bearing
                   kinds
                
                 ;
                 but
                 such
                 Branches
                 as
                 are
                 very
                 great
                 ,
                 I
                 should
                 
                 rather
                 cut
                 off
                 a
                 convenient
                 height
                 from
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 slope-wise
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 wet
                 may
                 rest
                 on
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 after
                 a
                 year
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 to
                 graft
                 the
                 small
                 shoots
                 or
                 branches
                 that
                 are
                 put
                 forth
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 this
                 is
                 a
                 better
                 course
                 then
                 to
                 graft
                 such
                 great
                 Branches
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 moisture
                 will
                 get
                 into
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 and
                 rot
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 the
                 Body
                 too
                 ,
                 ere
                 the
                 grafts
                 can
                 cover
                 such
                 great
                 heads
                 .
              
               
                 
                 As
                 concerning
                 
                   Arbors
                   ,
                   Seats
                   ,
                   &c.
                   in
                   Orchards
                   and
                   Gardens
                   ,
                
                 I
                 advise
                 men
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 rather
                 then
                 of
                 Privet
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 rambling
                 stuffe
                 ,
                 which
                 yields
                 no
                 profit
                 ,
                 but
                 onely
                 for
                 shade
                 .
                 If
                 you
                 make
                 them
                 of
                 
                   Cherry-trees
                   ,
                   Plum-trees
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 same
                 advantage
                 for
                 shade
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Fruits
                 superadded
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 objected
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 Fruit-trees
                 are
                 longer
                 in
                 growing
                 up
                 ,
                 then
                 
                   Privet
                   ,
                   Virgin-Bower
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 whereof
                 Arbors
                 are
                 commonly
                 made
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 answered
                 ,
                 Though
                 
                   Fruit
                   trees
                
                 are
                 something
                 longer
                 ▪
                 in
                 covering
                 an
                 Arbor
                 ,
                 then
                 some
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 make
                 sufficient
                 amends
                 in
                 their
                 
                   lasting
                   and
                   bearing
                   fruits
                
                 :
              
               
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 such
                 Cherry-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 kinds
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 set
                 about
                 the
                 Arbors
                 ,
                 as
                 will
                 reach
                 and
                 cover
                 even
                 the
                 first
                 year
                 .
              
               
               
                 I
                 Shall
                 now
                 give
                 some
                 Rules
                 concerning
                 
                   Transplanting
                   young
                   plants
                
                 ,
                 
                 after
                 a
                 years
                 growth
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 ,
                 whether
                 Inoculated
                 or
                 Grafted
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 time
                 for
                 this
                 work
                 (
                 in
                 general
                 )
                 is
                 in
                 Autumne
                 ,
                 when
                 Trees
                 have
                 done
                 growing
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 is
                 divers
                 weeks
                 before
                 the
                 Leaves
                 fall
                 .
                 Stay
                 not
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 custome
                 is
                 )
                 till
                 November
                 or
                 after
                 ,
                 before
                 you
                 Transplant
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 best
                 time
                 is
                 about
                 the
                 latter
                 end
                 of
                 September
                 to
                 begin
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 on
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Winter
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 a
                 great
                 advantage
                 to
                 remove
                 
                   plants
                   betime
                
                 ,
                 
                 for
                 such
                 grow
                 a
                 while
                 after
                 in
                 their
                 Roots
                 before
                 Winter
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 not
                 only
                 preserve
                 themselves
                 in
                 Winter
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 make
                 some
                 preparation
                 against
                 the
                 Spring
                 ;
                 which
                 those
                 
                   removed
                   in
                   Winter
                
                 cannot
                 do
                 .
                 Stay
                 not
                 therefore
                 till
                 the
                 Leaves
                 fall
                 ere
                 you
                 remove
                 ,
                 although
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 remov'd
                 then
                 with
                 good
                 success
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 good
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 as
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 ancient
                 proverb
                 is
                 ,
                 
                   If
                   a
                   growing
                   Tree
                   would
                   have
                   ,
                   Let
                   him
                   carry
                   his
                   green
                   Leaves
                   to
                   his
                   grave
                   .
                
              
               
                 Yet
                 notwithstanding
                 ,
                 
                 those
                 that
                 have
                 many
                 
                   to
                   Transplant
                
                 ,
                 and
                 cannot
                 finish
                 
                 (
                 or
                 have
                 no
                 leasure
                 )
                 in
                 this
                 
                   season
                   which
                   is
                   best
                
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 go
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 doing
                 even
                 
                   all
                   Winter
                
                 ,
                 until
                 the
                 very
                 Spring
                 ,
                 unless
                 Frost
                 shut
                 up
                 the
                 ground
                 :
                 And
                 notwithstanding
                 
                   Frost
                   or
                   Snow
                
                 all
                 the
                 while
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 can
                 get
                 into
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 find
                 the
                 
                   mould
                   mellow
                
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 it
                 will
                 fall
                 well
                 between
                 and
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 then
                 
                   good
                   removing
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 although
                 the
                 best
                 time
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 prefer'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   time
                   of
                   removing
                
                 being
                 come
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 place
                 prepared
                 for
                 setting
                 them
                 again
                 ,
                 then
                 be
                 careful
                 in
                 taking
                 up
                 the
                 Plants
                 ,
                 dig
                 round
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 off
                 the
                 mould
                 from
                 their
                 Roots
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 a
                 small
                 plant
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 up
                 easily
                 ,
                 the
                 mould
                 being
                 taken
                 away
                 ;
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 great
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Roots
                 spread
                 much
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 cut
                 about
                 half
                 a
                 yard
                 from
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greater
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 further
                 off
                 cut
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 draw
                 it
                 up
                 :
                 and
                 break
                 off
                 all
                 the
                 leaves
                 the
                 first
                 thing
                 you
                 do
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 then
                 fallen
                 off
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Sun
                 and
                 Aire
                 (
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 them
                 )
                 extract
                 the
                 sap
                 of
                 the
                 branches
                 .
              
               
                 
                 And
                 here
                 observe
                 ;
                 That
                 the
                 
                   Great
                   Plants
                
                 are
                 not
                 alwayes
                 best
                 to
                 transplant
                 out
                 of
                 Nurseries
                 into
                 Orchards
                 ,
                 though
                 most
                 men
                 are
                 for
                 the
                 greatest
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 may
                 chuse
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 think
                 the
                 bigger
                 they
                 
                 are
                 ,
                 the
                 sooner
                 they
                 will
                 make
                 an
                 Orchard
                 :
                 but
                 herein
                 they
                 are
                 much
                 mistaken
                 ,
                 for
                 in
                 removing
                 
                   great
                   trees
                
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 great
                 hazard
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 fail
                 and
                 die
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 grow
                 very
                 poorly
                 ,
                 putting
                 out
                 only
                 leaves
                 the
                 first
                 year
                 ,
                 or
                 little
                 more
                 ,
                 though
                 some
                 few
                 ,
                 in
                 special
                 good
                 soyle
                 )
                 may
                 do
                 well
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 account
                 
                   young
                   grafted
                   Trees
                
                 fit
                 to
                 remove
                 ,
                 
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 about
                 two
                 inches
                 in
                 compass
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 
                   a
                   yard
                   and
                   half
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   two
                   yards
                   high
                
                 ;
                 those
                 about
                 this
                 bigness
                 ,
                 I
                 judge
                 to
                 be
                 better
                 then
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 inches
                 (
                 or
                 more
                 )
                 in
                 compass
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 proportionable
                 height
                 ;
                 because
                 these
                 cannot
                 possibly
                 be
                 transplanted
                 ,
                 but
                 their
                 Roots
                 must
                 be
                 cut
                 very
                 much
                 in
                 the
                 taking
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 how
                 can
                 those
                 Roots
                 (
                 so
                 much
                 cut
                 )
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 nourish
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 body
                 ,
                 with
                 so
                 many
                 branches
                 :
                 whereas
                 young
                 trees
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 smaller
                 size
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 before
                 is
                 mentioned
                 )
                 these
                 may
                 be
                 removed
                 even
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Roots
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 young
                 and
                 small
                 )
                 and
                 may
                 be
                 spread
                 in
                 the
                 earth
                 every
                 way
                 ,
                 when
                 set
                 again
                 ,
                 save
                 onely
                 the
                 
                   ends
                   of
                   the
                   roots
                
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 a
                 little
                 cut
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 
                   young
                   and
                   tender
                   roots
                
                 will
                 sooner
                 shoot
                 forth
                 in
                 the
                 earth
                 then
                 the
                 greater
                 sort
                 ,
                 especially
                 (
                 also
                 )
                 because
                 the
                 body
                 and
                 branches
                 are
                 young
                 and
                 ●ender
                 ;
                 the
                 bark
                 being
                 thin
                 ,
                 does
                 more
                 easily
                 extend
                 
                 and
                 enlarg
                 by
                 the
                 rising
                 of
                 the
                 sap
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 bark
                 of
                 
                   Elder
                   Trees
                
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 causes
                 ,
                 
                   young
                   trees
                
                 (
                 when
                 removed
                 )
                 do
                 not
                 only
                 grow
                 surer
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 also
                 make
                 
                   a
                   larger
                   growth
                
                 at
                 first
                 planting
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 greater
                 and
                 
                   elder
                   Trees
                
                 can
                 do
                 ;
                 and
                 are
                 thereore
                 best
                 .
              
               
                 
                 But
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 so
                 that
                 such
                 large
                 trees
                 must
                 be
                 set
                 ,
                 then
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 must
                 be
                 cut
                 ,
                 and
                 say
                 not
                 as
                 many
                 do
                 ,
                 here
                 's
                 a
                 fair
                 tree
                 already
                 ,
                 why
                 should
                 we
                 cut
                 away
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 ?
                 But
                 they
                 must
                 be
                 content
                 to
                 loose
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 branches
                 ,
                 else
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 danger
                 to
                 loose
                 all
                 :
                 for
                 removing
                 of
                 
                   great
                   plants
                
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 check
                 to
                 nature
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 a
                 few
                 roots
                 cut
                 short
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 must
                 be
                 when
                 removed
                 )
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 feed
                 many
                 and
                 large
                 branches
                 ,
                 they
                 'l
                 have
                 but
                 slender
                 and
                 poor
                 nourishment
                 ,
                 not
                 sufficient
                 many
                 times
                 to
                 preserve
                 life
                 ,
                 much
                 less
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 large
                 growth
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 
                   plants
                   be
                   of
                   the
                   lesser
                   size
                   ,
                
                 you
                 need
                 not
                 cut
                 the
                 branches
                 ,
                 except
                 such
                 as
                 cross
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 or
                 grow
                 too
                 nigh
                 together
                 ,
                 or
                 run
                 up
                 two
                 high
                 
                   without
                   spreading
                
                 :
                 but
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 ends
                 of
                 the
                 roots
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 because
                 if
                 cut
                 ,
                 many
                 small
                 fibra's
                 or
                 strings
                 shoot
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 
                   cut
                   place
                
                 ,
                 which
                 
                   draw
                   nourishment
                
                 for
                 the
                 plant
                 ,
                 which
                 
                   without
                   cutting
                   would
                
                 not
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Plants
                 being
                 thus
                 prepared
                 ,
                 the
                 next
                 thing
                 is
                 to
                 set
                 them
                 again
                 in
                 the
                 ground
                 :
                 take
                 heed
                 of
                 setting
                 below
                 the
                 good
                 soyl
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 hole
                 for
                 the
                 Plant
                 being
                 digged
                 ,
                 set
                 in
                 the
                 root
                 prepared
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 cast
                 in
                 the
                 smallest
                 and
                 best
                 mould
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 roots
                 ,
                 and
                 see
                 that
                 the
                 small
                 mould
                 run
                 between
                 all
                 the
                 roots
                 ;
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 stir
                 and
                 shake
                 the
                 Plant
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 any
                 hollow
                 place
                 where
                 the
                 mould
                 falls
                 not
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 your
                 hand
                 draw
                 up
                 the
                 uppermost
                 roots
                 and
                 part
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 spread
                 in
                 the
                 mould
                 every
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 fill
                 it
                 up
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 young
                 trees
                 being
                 thus
                 set
                 into
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 the
                 holes
                 fild
                 up
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 very
                 advantagious
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 lay
                 a
                 
                   Barrow-full
                   of
                   Rotten
                   Muck
                
                 ,
                 round
                 about
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 ,
                 the
                 fatness
                 whereof
                 will
                 soke
                 in
                 among
                 the
                 roots
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 the
                 soyle
                 special
                 good
                 ,
                 whereby
                 the
                 Trees
                 will
                 thrive
                 the
                 better
                 :
                 Or
                 else
                 to
                 lay
                 (
                 instead
                 thereof
                 )
                 store
                 of
                 
                   Weeds
                   ,
                   Litter
                   ,
                   Ferne
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 handfulls
                 thick
                 ,
                 this
                 will
                 keep
                 the
                 roots
                 warm
                 all
                 Winter
                 ,
                 and
                 moist
                 and
                 cool
                 in
                 the
                 Sommer
                 following
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 the
                 soyle
                 fatter
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 preserves
                 the
                 Trees
                 from
                 weeds
                 growing
                 about
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Trees
                 thus
                 ordered
                 (
                 by
                 laying
                 stuff
                 about
                 their
                 roots
                 )
                 may
                 be
                 set
                 very
                 shallow
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 will
                 be
                 much
                 advantaged
                 ,
                 and
                 prove
                 better
                 then
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 set
                 deep
                 ,
                 
                 because
                 in
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 mould
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 every
                 shower
                 of
                 rain
                 reaches
                 the
                 Roots
                 and
                 feeds
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 the
                 Plants
                 are
                 faire
                 large
                 Plants
                 ,
                 in
                 danger
                 to
                 be
                 shaken
                 by
                 the
                 winds
                 ,
                 then
                 knock
                 down
                 a
                 stake
                 close
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 tye
                 the
                 Plant
                 to
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 hay●band
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 soft
                 band
                 .
              
               
                 
                 If
                 young
                 Trees
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 carried
                 many
                 Miles
                 to
                 be
                 Planted
                 ,
                 then
                 (
                 being
                 taken
                 up
                 carefully
                 )
                 lay
                 the
                 Roots
                 all
                 one
                 way
                 ,
                 the
                 smallest
                 and
                 tenderest
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 bundle
                 ,
                 and
                 bind
                 them
                 close
                 from
                 the
                 roots
                 to
                 their
                 tops
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 soft
                 band
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 stuffe
                 the
                 roots
                 round
                 about
                 with
                 
                   straw
                   ,
                   ●ay
                   ,
                   moss
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 bind
                 the
                 bundle
                 all
                 over
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 roots
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 top
                 ,
                 with
                 hay
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   straw
                   bands
                
                 ,
                 or
                 something
                 else
                 ,
                 to
                 preserve
                 them
                 from
                 brusing
                 ;
                 and
                 withal
                 ,
                 wrap
                 something
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 a
                 thin
                 Mat
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   a
                   piece
                   of
                   an
                   old
                   sack-cloth
                   ,
                
                 or
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 will
                 preserve
                 the
                 Roots
                 from
                 the
                 Wind
                 ,
                 and
                 Sun
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 brusing
                 :
                 And
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 carried
                 many
                 hundred
                 Miles
                 (
                 if
                 need
                 be
                 )
                 in
                 Winter
                 ,
                 without
                 hurt
                 .
              
               
                 
                 As
                 concerning
                 distance
                 in
                 setting
                 young
                 Trees
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 8.
                 or
                 10.
                 yards
                 is
                 little
                 enough
                 between
                 Apple-trees
                 and
                 Pear-trees
                 ,
                 in
                 ordinary
                 soyle
                 ,
                 yet
                 Pear-trees
                 need
                 not
                 
                 be
                 planted
                 so
                 far
                 asunder
                 ,
                 as
                 Apple-trees
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 men
                 have
                 ground
                 enough
                 to
                 plant
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 soyle
                 ,
                 I
                 should
                 rather
                 prescribe
                 to
                 Plant
                 them
                 14
                 or
                 16
                 
                   yards
                   asunder
                
                 ;
                 for
                 both
                 Trees
                 and
                 Fruits
                 have
                 many
                 great
                 advantages
                 ,
                 if
                 planted
                 a
                 good
                 distance
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 Such
                 are
                 freed
                 from
                 frettings
                 and
                 gallings
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 happens
                 to
                 Trees
                 that
                 thrust
                 ,
                 and
                 croud
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 whereby
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 
                   Buds
                   ,
                   Blossomes
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 are
                 rub'd
                 and
                 broken
                 off
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 sometimes
                 the
                 Canker
                 thereby
                 breeds
                 and
                 
                   destroys
                   boughs
                
                 ,
                 and
                 branches
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 (
                 when
                 Trees
                 are
                 planted
                 a
                 fair
                 distance
                 asunder
                 )
                 the
                 Sun
                 refreshes
                 every
                 Tree
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Roots
                   ,
                   Body
                   ,
                   and
                   Branches
                   ,
                
                 with
                 the
                 Blossomes
                 and
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 whereby
                 Trees
                 bring
                 forth
                 
                   more
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 
                   fairer
                   and
                   better
                
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 If
                 Apple-trees
                 and
                 Pear-trees
                 are
                 planted
                 at
                 a
                 large
                 distance
                 ,
                 much
                 profit
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 under
                 and
                 about
                 the
                 Trees
                 .
                 Ye
                 may
                 plant
                 
                   Gooseberries
                   ,
                   Rasberries
                   ,
                   Currans
                   ,
                   Strawberries
                   ,
                   Roses
                   ,
                   Flowers
                   ,
                
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Gardenstuffe
                 ,
                 commodious
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 sale
                 ,
                 as
                 hous-keeping
                 ,
                 which
                 cannot
                 be
                 if
                 Trees
                 be
                 
                   planted
                   near
                   together
                
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 custome
                 is
                 in
                 most
                 places
                 ,
                 the
                 ground
                 being
                 cold
                 and
                 shady
                 
                 by
                 the
                 Trees
                 .
                 Besides
                 the
                 Trees
                 would
                 have
                 advantage
                 by
                 frequent
                 digging
                 and
                 stirring
                 the
                 earth
                 about
                 their
                 Roots
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 in
                 setting
                 these
                 things
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 When
                 Trees
                 have
                 room
                 to
                 spread
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 grow
                 very
                 
                   large
                   and
                   great
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 consequences
                 of
                 that
                 will
                 be
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 
                   multitudes
                   of
                   Fruits
                
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 
                   long
                   lasting
                
                 ;
                 and
                 these
                 two
                 are
                 no
                 small
                 advantages
                 ,
                 besides
                 all
                 the
                 former
                 .
                 And
                 men
                 are
                 mistaken
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   more
                   Trees
                   in
                   an
                   Orchard
                   ,
                   the
                   more
                   Fruits
                
                 ;
                 for
                 one
                 or
                 two
                 faire
                 large
                 Trees
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 room
                 to
                 spread
                 ,
                 will
                 bear
                 more
                 fruits
                 then
                 six
                 or
                 ten
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 grow
                 near
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   crow'd
                   one
                   another
                
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 men
                 but
                 observe
                 ,
                 a●d
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 some
                 Apple-trees
                 that
                 grow
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 from
                 other
                 Trees
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 have
                 room
                 enough
                 to
                 spread
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 Roots
                 and
                 Branches
                 )
                 and
                 they
                 shall
                 see
                 that
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 Trees
                 (
                 being
                 come
                 to
                 full
                 growth
                 )
                 hath
                 a
                 
                   larger
                   head
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   boughs
                   and
                   branches
                   ,
                
                 then
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 4
                 or
                 6
                 or
                 more
                 of
                 those
                 which
                 grow
                 near
                 together
                 ,
                 although
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 age
                 .
              
               
                 Yea
                 ,
                 I
                 advise
                 if
                 men
                 have
                 ground
                 enough
                 ,
                 to
                 Plant
                 Apple-trees
                 20
                 
                   yards
                   asunder
                
                 :
                 Now
                 Trees
                 so
                 planted
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 reach
                 of
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 if
                 ever
                 ,
                 therefore
                 
                 much
                 profit
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 Trees
                 Planted
                 between
                 ,
                 for
                 many
                 years
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 (
                 when
                 they
                 begin
                 to
                 reach
                 one
                 another
                 )
                 be
                 taken
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 disposed
                 of
                 for
                 the
                 best
                 advantage
                 to
                 Plant
                 abroad
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 a
                 general
                 Errour
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Planting
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   too
                   near
                   together
                   ,
                
                 especially
                 as
                 to
                 Apple-trees
                 and
                 Pear-trees
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 standard
                 
                   Cherry-trees
                   ,
                   Plum-trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 they
                 need
                 not
                 be
                 planted
                 half
                 the
                 distance
                 I
                 speak
                 off
                 ,
                 5
                 or
                 6
                 
                   yards
                   in
                   distance
                
                 is
                 usually
                 enough
                 ,
                 and
                 7
                 or
                 8
                 yards
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 ground
                 be
                 special
                 good
                 :
                 for
                 all
                 Trees
                 grow
                 much
                 larger
                 in
                 some
                 
                   soyles
                   ,
                   then
                   in
                   other
                
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 concerning
                 the
                 distance
                 of
                 
                   Wal
                   trees
                
                 ,
                 
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 planted
                 ,
                 2
                 ,
                 3
                 ,
                 4
                 ,
                 6
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 yards
                 asunder
                 ;
                 More
                 or
                 less
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Trees
                   and
                   soyle
                
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 Aprecots
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 kinds
                 of
                 Plums
                 ,
                 grow
                 much
                 larger
                 then
                 some
                 other
                 Trees
                 :
                 some
                 Aprecot-trees
                 in
                 good
                 soyle
                 will
                 spread
                 7
                 or
                 8
                 yards
                 wide
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 ;
                 whereas
                 the
                 
                   May
                   Cherry-tree
                
                 ,
                 is
                 but
                 small
                 ,
                 at
                 biggest
                 ;
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 2
                 yards
                 wide
                 ,
                 or
                 scarce
                 above
                 3.
                 
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 the
                 custome
                 (
                 of
                 late
                 )
                 ;
                 
                 to
                 make
                 
                   Cherry-hedges
                   in
                   Gardens
                   and
                   Orchards
                
                 ;
                 and
                 hedges
                 of
                 
                   Quodlings
                   ,
                   Nurs-gardens
                   ,
                   Plums
                   ,
                   Vines
                   ,
                
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 Trees
                 ,
                 that
                 
                 may
                 be
                 kept
                 (
                 by
                 cutting
                 and
                 plaishing
                 one
                 branch
                 within
                 another
                 )
                 from
                 growing
                 very
                 large
                 :
                 These
                 are
                 usually
                 made
                 along
                 the
                 side
                 of
                 walks
                 ,
                 or
                 round
                 about
                 a
                 Garden-plot
                 ▪
                 and
                 such
                 a
                 hedg
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Ornament
                 to
                 a
                 Garden
                 ,
                 being
                 ordered
                 and
                 kept
                 handsomely
                 :
                 Now
                 Trees
                 set
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 ,
                 need
                 the
                 least
                 distance
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 ,
                 
                 a
                 yard
                 asunder
                 ,
                 or
                 an
                 Ell
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 bigness
                 ,
                 and
                 spreading
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 trees
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 should
                 meet
                 (
                 or
                 near
                 it
                 )
                 the
                 first
                 year
                 ;
                 which
                 should
                 be
                 ordered
                 thus
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Stretch
                 a
                 line
                 from
                 one
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 hedge
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 the
                 Trees
                 straight
                 at
                 the
                 distance
                 aforesaid
                 :
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 knock
                 down
                 a
                 stake
                 between
                 each
                 Tree
                 ,
                 
                 then
                 having
                 straight
                 ,
                 long
                 Rods
                 ,
                 or
                 Poles
                 of
                 Ash
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 :
                 tye
                 a
                 row
                 of
                 them
                 along
                 from
                 one
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 (
                 about
                 a
                 foot
                 from
                 the
                 ground
                 )
                 fast
                 to
                 the
                 stakes
                 with
                 Osiers
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 like
                 ;
                 or
                 else
                 naile
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 better
                 ;
                 and
                 another
                 row
                 of
                 Rods
                 a
                 foot
                 above
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 a
                 third
                 (
                 if
                 need
                 be
                 )
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 Plants
                 ;
                 having
                 thus
                 done
                 ,
                 spread
                 and
                 tye
                 the
                 branches
                 ,
                 and
                 twigs
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 (
                 in
                 order
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 Poles
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 too
                 hard
                 ,
                 and
                 draw
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 fasten
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 down
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 blossomes
                 and
                 fruit
                 from
                 the
                 bottome
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 be
                 a
                 most
                 beautiful
                 sight
                 to
                 behold
                 in
                 Spring
                 and
                 Sommer
                 :
                 then
                 after
                 a
                 few
                 years
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Stakes
                   and
                   Poles
                
                 may
                 be
                 taken
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 branches
                 platted
                 and
                 woven
                 one
                 within
                 another
                 ,
                 from
                 year
                 to
                 year
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 superfluous
                 ones
                 cut
                 off
                 .
              
               
                 Yet
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 what
                 hath
                 been
                 said
                 for
                 a
                 more
                 then
                 
                   ordinary
                   distance
                   between
                   Apple-trees
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   and
                   Pear-trees
                
                 ;
                 this
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 for
                 
                   neerness
                   of
                   setting
                
                 ;
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 best
                 for
                 present
                 profit
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 
                   Apple-trees
                   ,
                   Pear-trees
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 be
                 set
                 4
                 or
                 5
                 yards
                 asunder
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 room
                 enough
                 for
                 them
                 for
                 divers
                 years
                 ,
                 perhaps
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 a
                 dozen
                 ,
                 16
                 or
                 20
                 yea●s
                 ere
                 they
                 meet
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 that
                 time
                 a
                 man
                 have
                 the
                 fruits
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 when
                 they
                 meet
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 (
                 and
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 best
                 to
                 )
                 cut
                 down
                 each
                 other
                 :
                 or
                 (
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 too
                 great
                 )
                 to
                 remove
                 them
                 to
                 some
                 other
                 place
                 .
                 These
                 Trees
                 are
                 the
                 best
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 at
                 large
                 in
                 Pastures
                 and
                 other
                 Field
                 lands
                 :
                 taken
                 up
                 with
                 large
                 Roots
                 and
                 disbranched
                 ;
                 and
                 set
                 with
                 3
                 or
                 4
                 stakes
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 Cattle
                 rub
                 not
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 although
                 they
                 be
                 for
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 yet
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 more
                 worth
                 then
                 they
                 cost
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 fruits
                 they
                 have
                 born
                 to
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 are
                 superadded
                 ;
                 as
                 for
                 standard
                 Cherry-trees
                 ,
                 4
                 or
                 5
                 yards
                 distance
                 is
                 convenient
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 but
                 
                   small
                   quantities
                   of
                   ground
                   to
                   plant
                   ,
                
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 most
                 profitable
                 to
                 plant
                 
                   near
                   together
                
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 conveniently
                 be
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 for
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 
                   quantity
                   of
                   fruit
                
                 of
                 each
                 other
                 tree
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 afterwards
                 be
                 taken
                 away
                 ;
                 but
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 have
                 variety
                 of
                 fruits
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 compass
                 of
                 ground
                 .
                 But
                 those
                 that
                 have
                 room
                 enough
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 (
                 as
                 before
                 )
                 let
                 the
                 Trees
                 be
                 Planted
                 at
                 a
                 
                   large
                   distance
                
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Reasons
                 alledged
                 ,
                 pag.
                 65.
                 
              
               
                 
                 Concerning
                 Order
                 in
                 setting
                 Trees
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 essential
                 to
                 a
                 good
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 yet
                 if
                 men
                 stand
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 measure
                 out
                 a
                 square
                 plot
                 of
                 ground
                 (
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 )
                 by
                 a
                 line
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 measure
                 the
                 distance
                 that
                 must
                 be
                 between
                 every
                 tree
                 ;
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 kinds
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 planted
                 ,
                 and
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 goodness
                 ,
                 or
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 soyle
                 as
                 hath
                 been
                 said
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 measured
                 exactly
                 the
                 
                   square
                   plot
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 distance
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 set
                 a
                 stake
                 or
                 pole
                 in
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 every
                 tree
                 must
                 stand
                 ,
                 and
                 dig
                 the
                 soile
                 round
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 a
                 foot
                 deep
                 ,
                 and
                 three
                 foot
                 broad
                 ,
                 then
                 set
                 
                 the
                 four
                 corners
                 first
                 ,
                 then
                 fill
                 up
                 the
                 
                   square
                   plot
                
                 ;
                 on
                 all
                 the
                 four
                 sides
                 with
                 plants
                 ,
                 ordered
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 go
                 on
                 to
                 fill
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 places
                 in
                 the
                 Plot
                 ,
                 exactly
                 by
                 the
                 line
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 the
                 eye
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 four
                 or
                 five
                 persons
                 to
                 assist
                 in
                 the
                 work
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 the
                 Trees
                 will
                 stand
                 in
                 Rowes
                 every
                 way
                 .
                 This
                 square
                 once
                 planted
                 ,
                 though
                 but
                 small
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 enlarged
                 every
                 way
                 as
                 the
                 ground
                 permits
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 the
                 Orchard
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 out
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 the
                 Trees
                 stand
                 in
                 a
                 right
                 line
                 every
                 way
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 Trees
                 are
                 set
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 ,
                 one
                 may
                 be
                 planted
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 ,
                 at
                 equal
                 distance
                 from
                 each
                 one
                 in
                 the
                 Qnincunx
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 setting
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 
                 consider
                 what
                 soyle
                 they
                 come
                 out
                 of
                 ,
                 whether
                 a
                 fat
                 and
                 forced
                 soyle
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 divers
                 of
                 the
                 Nurseries
                 about
                 London
                 )
                 or
                 some
                 ordinary
                 natural
                 soyle
                 .
                 If
                 they
                 come
                 out
                 of
                 very
                 good
                 ground
                 ,
                 then
                 procure
                 as
                 good
                 or
                 better
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 had
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 )
                 to
                 lay
                 next
                 to
                 their
                 roots
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 set
                 again
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Weeds
                   ,
                   Dung
                
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 laid
                 on
                 a
                 heap
                 ,
                 will
                 become
                 good
                 mould
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 but
                 such
                 heaps
                 lying
                 together
                 divers
                 years
                 ,
                 are
                 then
                 special
                 mould
                 for
                 the
                 roots
                 of
                 young
                 Trees
                 at
                 their
                 first
                 setting
                 .
              
               
               
                 This
                 should
                 alwayes
                 be
                 observed
                 ,
                 
                   To
                   plant
                   Trees
                   in
                   as
                   good
                   or
                   better
                   soyle
                   ,
                   being
                   removed
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   out
                   of
                   which
                   they
                   were
                   taken
                   .
                
                 For
                 every
                 thing
                 in
                 nature
                 ,
                 advanced
                 to
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 grateful
                 and
                 beneficial
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 carried
                 to
                 the
                 worse
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 check
                 and
                 repulse
                 to
                 nature
                 ;
                 and
                 such
                 a
                 one
                 as
                 that
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 in
                 any
                 great
                 degree
                 ,
                 it
                 either
                 much
                 weakens
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 quite
                 destroys
                 it
                 .
                 Therefore
                 chuse
                 Trees
                 out
                 of
                 poor
                 soiles
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 they
                 must
                 be
                 had
                 out
                 of
                 rich
                 soiles
                 ,
                 then
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 procure
                 some
                 (
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 )
                 of
                 as
                 good
                 ,
                 or
                 better
                 then
                 that
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 removed
                 ,
                 to
                 lay
                 to
                 their
                 Roots
                 ,
                 when
                 set
                 again
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 want
                 of
                 observing
                 this
                 course
                 ,
                 many
                 hundreds
                 of
                 good
                 plants
                 have
                 been
                 lost
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 .
                 The
                 ordering
                 of
                 
                   young
                   Plants
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   first
                   and
                   second
                   year
                
                 of
                 planting
                 ,
                 has
                 an
                 influence
                 upon
                 them
                 many
                 years
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 neglected
                 then
                 ,
                 the
                 labour
                 and
                 diligence
                 of
                 many
                 years
                 after
                 ,
                 cannot
                 countervaile
                 it
                 ;
                 the
                 ordering
                 of
                 Cattle
                 while
                 they
                 are
                 young
                 ,
                 either
                 makes
                 or
                 marrs
                 them
                 ;
                 so
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 in
                 some
                 proportion
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 well
                 taken
                 Root
                 the
                 first
                 and
                 second
                 year
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 then
                 grow
                 in
                 ordinary
                 soiles
                 ,
                 the
                 great
                 danger
                 is
                 at
                 first
                 planting
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Concerning
                 Wall-trees
                 :
                 the
                 
                   Aprecot
                   ,
                   
                   Peach
                   ,
                   Nectarine
                   ,
                   Vine-tree
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 these
                 and
                 such
                 choice
                 fruits
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 planted
                 upon
                 a
                 South-wal
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 :
                 The
                 best
                 next
                 that
                 ,
                 I
                 account
                 the
                 East-wall
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 West
                 not
                 so
                 good
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 North-wall
                 ,
                 fruits
                 will
                 be
                 late
                 ripe
                 ;
                 thence
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 got
                 when
                 others
                 are
                 gone
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 its
                 best
                 to
                 plant
                 the
                 North-wall
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 to
                 have
                 fruits
                 thence
                 late
                 ripe
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 for
                 the
                 beauty
                 ,
                 and
                 comeliness
                 of
                 the
                 Garden
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 walls
                 being
                 covered
                 with
                 fruit-trees
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 trees
                 being
                 set
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 before
                 is
                 said
                 )
                 they
                 must
                 be
                 plaisht
                 ,
                 or
                 spread
                 upon
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 being
                 young
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 so
                 from
                 year
                 to
                 year
                 as
                 they
                 grow
                 greater
                 )
                 with
                 
                   Nails
                   and
                   Leathers
                
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 they
                 grow
                 larger
                 ,
                 cut
                 not
                 the
                 utmost
                 sides
                 or
                 top
                 branches
                 ,
                 until
                 they
                 be
                 spread
                 as
                 large
                 as
                 they
                 should
                 spread
                 ;
                 and
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 lead
                 the
                 main
                 and
                 biggest
                 branches
                 along
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 wall
                 both
                 wayes
                 ,
                 and
                 suffer
                 them
                 not
                 to
                 rise
                 straight
                 up
                 ,
                 as
                 naturally
                 they
                 will
                 ,
                 but
                 correct
                 nature
                 by
                 art
                 ;
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 furnish
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 wall
                 first
                 .
              
               
                 Wall-trees
                 must
                 be
                 pruned
                 from
                 year
                 to
                 year
                 ,
                 
                 first
                 in
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 secondly
                 in
                 Winter
                 .
                 About
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 Iune
                 ,
                 or
                 middle
                 of
                 Iuly
                 ,
                 the
                 Aprecot-trees
                 (
                 especially
                 )
                 will
                 have
                 put
                 out
                 many
                 large
                 shoots
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 must
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 spread
                 up
                 to
                 
                 the
                 wall
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 room
                 for
                 them
                 .
                 Tye
                 up
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 you
                 can
                 conveniently
                 with
                 
                   Leathers
                   and
                   Nails
                
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 the
                 rest
                 off
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 not
                 so
                 well
                 spread
                 to
                 the
                 Wall
                 ;
                 and
                 spread
                 the
                 branches
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 fruits
                 (
                 which
                 by
                 that
                 time
                 will
                 be
                 growen
                 towards
                 their
                 bigness
                 )
                 may
                 have
                 the
                 Sun
                 to
                 refresh
                 and
                 ripen
                 them
                 ,
                 1
                 but
                 yet
                 pluck
                 not
                 off
                 the
                 leaves
                 as
                 some
                 do
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 a
                 hot
                 time
                 come
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Sun
                 may
                 even
                 spoile
                 the
                 Fruits
                 .
              
               
                 2
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 So
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 leaves
                 are
                 fallen
                 off
                 ,
                 the
                 branches
                 that
                 cross
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 or
                 are
                 not
                 well
                 placed
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 rectified
                 ;
                 or
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 boughs
                 which
                 are
                 growen
                 old
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 but
                 few
                 small
                 branches
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 which
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 in
                 Sommer
                 time
                 ,
                 lest
                 that
                 too
                 great
                 and
                 sudden
                 obstruction
                 of
                 Sap
                 ,
                 kill
                 the
                 whole
                 Tree
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 cutting
                 of
                 the
                 small
                 branches
                 in
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 is
                 some
                 small
                 check
                 and
                 stop
                 to
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 and
                 hinders
                 the
                 excessive
                 rising
                 of
                 it
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 which
                 else
                 would
                 spend
                 it self
                 
                   in
                   large
                   superfluous
                   branches
                
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 rob
                 the
                 fruits
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 
                   Winter
                   Pruning
                
                 ,
                 is
                 chiefly
                 for
                 the
                 well-ordering
                 of
                 the
                 branches
                 that
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 well
                 placed
                 (
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 fruits
                 and
                 leaves
                 )
                 in
                 Sommer-time
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 cutting
                 off
                 of
                 great
                 branches
                 ,
                 when
                 need
                 is
                 .
              
               
               
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 errour
                 amongst
                 some
                 ,
                 who
                 suffer
                 all
                 the
                 young
                 and
                 large
                 shoots
                 to
                 grow
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 they
                 will
                 ,
                 all
                 Sommer
                 without
                 cutting
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 then
                 in
                 Winter
                 they
                 usually
                 cut
                 all
                 ,
                 or
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 quite
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 trees
                 ,
                 and
                 preserve
                 only
                 the
                 old
                 stumps
                 ,
                 or
                 biggest
                 branches
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 near
                 the
                 Root
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 few
                 ,
                 or
                 no
                 
                   young
                   branches
                
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 :
                 Whereas
                 they
                 should
                 preserve
                 all
                 the
                 
                   young
                   branches
                
                 to
                 spread
                 up
                 against
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 until
                 it
                 be
                 full
                 of
                 small
                 boughs
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 some
                 
                   young
                   shoots
                
                 every
                 year
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 as
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 in
                 cutting
                 away
                 branches
                 ,
                 
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 take
                 those
                 away
                 that
                 grow
                 the
                 straightest
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 not
                 so
                 easily
                 be
                 bowed
                 to
                 the
                 wall
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 :
                 And
                 preserve
                 branches
                 as
                 low
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 near
                 the
                 ground
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 them
                 to
                 bend
                 ,
                 and
                 grow
                 strait
                 along
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 wall
                 both
                 ways
                 ;
                 and
                 suffer
                 not
                 the
                 biggest
                 branches
                 to
                 rise
                 straight
                 upward
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 commonly
                 most
                 do
                 )
                 but
                 naile
                 them
                 downwards
                 ,
                 to
                 furnish
                 the
                 bottome
                 of
                 the
                 Wall.
                 
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 
                   great
                   Trees
                
                 in
                 the
                 Orchards
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Fields
                   ,
                   Hedges
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 they
                 must
                 be
                 Pruned
                 from
                 year
                 to
                 year
                 ,
                 as
                 need
                 is
                 ,
                 in
                 
                   October
                   ,
                   November
                
                 ,
                 or
                 afterwards
                 observe
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 
                   superfluous
                   branches
                
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 
                 cross
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 grow
                 too
                 close
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 the
                 Sun
                 cannot
                 well
                 come
                 about
                 the
                 
                   bearing
                   branches
                
                 :
                 Leave
                 no
                 
                   dead
                   Twigs
                
                 or
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 scrape
                 off
                 the
                 Moss
                 that
                 is
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   Body
                   and
                   great
                   Branches
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   Opening
                   the
                   Roots
                
                 once
                 in
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 years
                 is
                 profitable
                 to
                 some
                 Trees
                 ,
                 especially
                 such
                 as
                 grow
                 upon
                 
                   dry
                   and
                   barren
                   grounds
                
                 .
                 In
                 November
                 (
                 or
                 there
                 abouts
                 )
                 take
                 away
                 the
                 Earth
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 a
                 yard
                 broad
                 or
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 leave
                 the
                 Roots
                 bare
                 and
                 open
                 all
                 Winter
                 ;
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Rain
                   ,
                   Snow
                   ,
                   beams
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 may
                 refresh
                 the
                 bottome
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 the
                 ground
                 be●ter
                 :
                 At
                 Spring
                 fill
                 up
                 the
                 holes
                 again
                 with
                 some
                 good
                 fresh
                 mould
                 ,
                 or
                 rotten
                 muck
                 ,
                 to
                 feed
                 and
                 refresh
                 the
                 Trees
                 .
                 In
                 blossoming
                 and
                 knitting
                 time
                 water
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 (
                 especially
                 those
                 on
                 dry
                 ground
                 )
                 this
                 makes
                 them
                 hold
                 their
                 Fruit
                 the
                 better
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 also
                 of
                 
                   Lees
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   washing
                   of
                   strong
                   Bear-barrels
                   ,
                   Blood
                   of
                   Cattle
                   ,
                   dead
                   Dogs
                   ,
                   Carrion
                   ,
                
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 laid
                 ,
                 or
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Roots
                   of
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 when
                 opened
                 (
                 as
                 before
                 )
                 is
                 found
                 very
                 profitable
                 unto
                 fruit-bearing
                 ,
                 and
                 exceedingly
                 revives
                 old
                 decaying
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 necessary
                 (
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 thriving
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 bearing
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 )
                 
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 some
                 
                   good
                   fresh
                   mould
                
                 or
                 soyle
                 laid
                 to
                 their
                 Roots
                 once
                 in
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 years
                 ,
                 except
                 they
                 grow
                 in
                 
                   special
                   good
                   ground
                
                 :
                 for
                 great
                 and
                 large
                 Trees
                 ,
                 do
                 suck
                 and
                 draw
                 the
                 fertility
                 of
                 the
                 ground
                 exceedingly
                 :
                 such
                 
                   great
                   and
                   vast
                   bodies
                
                 cannot
                 be
                 nourished
                 to
                 thrive
                 well
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 ;
                 therefore
                 help
                 them
                 as
                 they
                 have
                 need
                 :
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 perceived
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 need
                 by
                 the
                 poorness
                 of
                 their
                 shoots
                 and
                 fruits
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 opening
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 putting
                 in
                 soyle
                 is
                 good
                 ;
                 so
                 also
                 take
                 a
                 
                   Bar
                   of
                   Iron
                
                 (
                 in
                 Winter
                 time
                 )
                 and
                 make
                 many
                 holes
                 among
                 their
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 poure
                 in
                 
                   Beasts
                   blood
                   ,
                   washings
                   of
                   Beer
                   vessels
                   ,
                   Fat-water
                   ,
                
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 :
                 These
                 very
                 much
                 refresh
                 the
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 in
                 case
                 the
                 soyle
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 
                   be
                   over
                   fat
                
                 and
                 fertil
                 ,
                 
                 this
                 may
                 hinder
                 bearing
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 will
                 cause
                 Trees
                 to
                 shoot
                 forth
                 
                   great
                   large
                   shoots
                
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 send
                 forth
                 
                   broad
                   leaves
                
                 ,
                 and
                 but
                 
                   little
                   fruit
                
                 :
                 if
                 so
                 ,
                 then
                 take
                 away
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 
                   fertil
                   soyle
                
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 in
                 instead
                 ,
                 sand
                 or
                 cole-ashes
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 stuff
                 that
                 is
                 barren
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 dry
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 abate
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 
                   too
                   full
                   feeding
                
                 that
                 the
                 Trees
                 had
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 cause
                 fruitfulness
                 .
                 Though
                 meat
                 and
                 drink
                 be
                 never
                 so
                 good
                 and
                 wholesome
                 ,
                 yet
                 
                   excess
                   hurts
                
                 ,
                 the
                 body
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 further
                 observe
                 :
                 That
                 
                   Mowing
                   of
                   
                   grounds
                
                 yearly
                 ,
                 
                 where
                 Fruit-trees
                 grow
                 ,
                 is
                 exceeding
                 
                   prejudicial
                   to
                   Trees
                
                 (
                 unless
                 the
                 soyle
                 be
                 very
                 fertile
                 )
                 .
                 But
                 
                   pasturing
                   of
                   Orchards
                
                 and
                 
                   Grounds
                   where
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 grow
                 ,
                 is
                 observed
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 great
                 advantage
                 to
                 their
                 prospering
                 ,
                 and
                 bearing
                 fruits
                 .
                 When
                 Cattle
                 are
                 suffered
                 to
                 lie
                 and
                 Pasture
                 under
                 and
                 about
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 they
                 much
                 benefit
                 the
                 Roots
                 by
                 their
                 warmth
                 in
                 sitting
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 soyle
                 ,
                 which
                 soaks
                 down
                 among
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 refreshing
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 hath
                 been
                 found
                 by
                 clear
                 Experience
                 .
              
               
                 Therefore
                 permit
                 Cattle
                 (
                 if
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 convenient
                 )
                 to
                 lie
                 and
                 Pasture
                 ,
                 under
                 and
                 among
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 (
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 grown
                 strong
                 ,
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 reach
                 )
                 save
                 o●ely
                 at
                 those
                 seasons
                 when
                 Fruits
                 are
                 ripe
                 ,
                 because
                 rubbing
                 against
                 the
                 Tre●s
                 ,
                 would
                 shake
                 down
                 the
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 spoile
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 were
                 better
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 rub
                 against
                 the
                 Trees
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 ,
                 for
                 in
                 that
                 respect
                 they
                 may
                 do
                 hurt
                 ,
                 therefore
                 set
                 
                   stakes
                   or
                   posts
                
                 about
                 the
                 Trees
                 for
                 the
                 Cattle
                 to
                 rub
                 against
                 ,
                 whereby
                 the
                 Trees
                 may
                 be
                 preserved
                 .
              
               
                 Concerning
                 
                   Transplanting
                   ,
                   Pruning
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   ordering
                   the
                   Roots
                   of
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 thus
                 much
                 .
                 See
                 further
                 ,
                 
                   Errors
                   in
                   Practise
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 Diseases
                 Incident
                 to
                 Fruit-trees
                 .
              
               
                 FRuit-trees
                 are
                 subject
                 to
                 divers
                 
                   Diseases
                   Baptist.
                   Port.
                
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Affliguntur
                   Plantae
                   omnes
                   ,
                   veluti
                   Animalia
                   ,
                   diversis
                   morbis
                   .
                
                 All
                 
                   Trees
                   or
                   Plants
                
                 are
                 afflicted
                 with
                 divers
                 Diseases
                 as
                 sensible
                 creatures
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 we
                 should
                 apply
                 our selves
                 to
                 cure
                 them
                 ,
                 not
                 for
                 pity
                 to
                 the
                 Trees
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 indulgent
                 compassionate
                 Manichees
                 )
                 but
                 for
                 our
                 own
                 profit
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 (
                 at
                 present
                 )
                 mention
                 only
                 four
                 diseases
                 that
                 sometimes
                 happen
                 to
                 Fruit-trees
                 .
                 
                   Mossiness
                   ,
                   Bark-bound
                   ,
                   Canker
                   ,
                   and
                   Worms
                   .
                
              
               
                 Concerning
                 Mossiness
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 cure
                 that
                 (
                 and
                 other
                 diseases
                 )
                 is
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 the
                 Cause
                 ,
                 1
                 
                   sublatâ
                   causâ
                   ,
                   tollitur
                   effectus
                
                 .
                 if
                 the
                 Spring
                 be
                 stopt
                 ,
                 the
                 streams
                 cannot
                 runne
                 .
                 Some
                 to
                 cure
                 this
                 ,
                 onely
                 scrape
                 off
                 the
                 Moss
                 ,
                 not
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 the
                 Cause
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 in
                 few
                 years
                 they
                 are
                 as
                 bad
                 again
                 ;
                 that
                 's
                 but
                 like
                 endeavours
                 for
                 cure
                 of
                 the
                 Tooth-ach
                 ,
                 or
                 Gout
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 outward
                 applications
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 although
                 they
                 may
                 give
                 some
                 ease
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 strike
                 not
                 at
                 the
                 Root
                 ,
                 they
                 remove
                 not
                 the
                 
                 Cause
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 returne
                 again
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 considered
                 what
                 the
                 
                   Cause
                   of
                   Mossiness
                   is
                
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 it
                 is
                 caused
                 by
                 
                   over
                   coldness
                
                 of
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 
                   waterish
                   and
                   clay
                   grounds
                
                 ,
                 likewise
                 by
                 Barrenness
                 of
                 the
                 soyle
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 it
                 be
                 Coldness
                 through
                 moysture
                 ,
                 then
                 use
                 all
                 means
                 to
                 lay
                 it
                 dryer
                 ,
                 by
                 trenching
                 the
                 ground
                 :
                 or
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 clay
                 ground
                 ,
                 then
                 bring
                 in
                 some
                 warmer
                 soyles
                 to
                 mix
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Sand
                   ,
                   Ashes
                   ,
                   Sheeps-dung
                   ,
                   Pigeons
                   ,
                   or
                   Hens-dung
                   ,
                
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 :
                 If
                 the
                 soyle
                 be
                 too
                 barren
                 ,
                 then
                 help
                 it
                 by
                 mixture
                 of
                 good
                 soyles
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 withal
                 ,
                 take
                 away
                 the
                 Moss
                 that
                 is
                 already
                 upon
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 ;
                 after
                 Raine
                 ,
                 rub
                 it
                 off
                 with
                 a
                 Hair-cloth
                 ;
                 else
                 scrape
                 it
                 off
                 with
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 hard
                 wood
                 in
                 the
                 form
                 of
                 a
                 knife
                 .
              
               
                 2
                 Another
                 is
                 the
                 
                   Bark-bound
                   disease
                
                 :
                 This
                 exceedingly
                 hinders
                 the
                 growth
                 of
                 Trees
                 :
                 it
                 makes
                 them
                 live
                 lingringly
                 and
                 poorly
                 :
                 This
                 happens
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 but
                 a
                 dull
                 ,
                 and
                 slow
                 passage
                 up
                 of
                 sap
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 small
                 quantity
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 barrenness
                 of
                 soyle
                 ,
                 or
                 want
                 of
                 due
                 culture
                 to
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 therefore
                 if
                 the
                 soyle
                 be
                 barren
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 mended
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 branches
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 scored
                 down
                 all
                 along
                 to
                 the
                 Root
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 
                 ●ark
                 ,
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 
                   cross
                   cuts
                
                 and
                 ●icks
                 in
                 the
                 bark
                 :
                 let
                 this
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 ●pring
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sap
                 will
                 arise
                 more
                 ●lentifully
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 disease
                 is
                 the
                 Canker
                 ,
                 3
                 natural
                 ●o
                 some
                 ,
                 but
                 accidentally
                 hapening
                 to
                 others
                 by
                 bruises
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 This
                 hurts
                 many
                 ,
                 ●nd
                 spoils
                 some
                 .
                 To
                 cure
                 it
                 ,
                 cut
                 it
                 out
                 ,
                 if
                 〈◊〉
                 be
                 upon
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 or
                 great
                 boughs
                 of
                 ●rees
                 ,
                 and
                 wash
                 the
                 place
                 with
                 Cow-dung
                 ●nd
                 Urine
                 mixt
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 cover
                 the
                 place
                 with
                 clay
                 mixed
                 with
                 Horse-dung
                 ,
                 and
                 ●ut
                 off
                 the
                 small
                 branches
                 that
                 are
                 dead
                 ,
                 out
                 withal
                 ,
                 endeavour
                 to
                 stop
                 the
                 
                   foun●aine
                   ,
                   and
                   cause
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                
                 (
                 being
                 a
                 sharp
                 and
                 vi●ulent
                 sap
                 )
                 by
                 laying
                 
                   Cole
                   ashes
                   ,
                   or
                   ashes
                   of
                   ●urnt-wood
                   ,
                   Nettles
                   ,
                   Ferne
                   ,
                
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 vegetables
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 roots
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 the
                 Trees
                 grow
                 upon
                 gravel
                 ground
                 ,
                 they
                 'l
                 hardly
                 be
                 cured
                 without
                 altering
                 the
                 soile
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 measure
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 Trees
                 are
                 hurt
                 with
                 small
                 worms
                 that
                 breed
                 between
                 the
                 bark
                 and
                 the
                 wood
                 ;
                 4
                 which
                 cause
                 the
                 Bark
                 (
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 )
                 to
                 rise
                 ●nd
                 swell
                 sometimes
                 :
                 this
                 being
                 perceived
                 ,
                 the
                 worms
                 must
                 be
                 cut
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 place
                 washed
                 with
                 Urin
                 and
                 Cow-dung
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 2
                 concerning
                 
                   Mischiefs
                   incident
                   to
                   Fruits
                
                 :
                 by
                 
                   Caterpillers
                   ,
                   Ants
                   ,
                   Earwigs
                   ,
                   Snails
                   ,
                   Wasps
                   ,
                   Birds
                   ,
                   and
                   cold
                   ,
                   and
                   ●trong
                   Winds
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 1
                 In
                 the
                 Spring-time
                 ,
                 Caterpillers
                 breed
                 (
                 and
                 devour
                 many
                 buds
                 ,
                 blossomes
                 ,
                 and
                 young
                 fruits
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 a
                 dry
                 season
                 :
                 )
                 of
                 the
                 Dew
                 and
                 Leaves
                 (
                 as
                 one
                 says
                 )
                 when
                 the
                 East-wind
                 blow's
                 much
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 causeth
                 that
                 moist
                 and
                 slimy
                 matter
                 to
                 vivifie
                 .
                 They
                 breed
                 also
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 observed
                 )
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Spawn
                   of
                   Butterflies
                
                 .
                 Now
                 ,
                 how
                 to
                 destroy
                 them
                 .
                 I
                 know
                 no
                 better
                 way
                 then
                 to
                 pluck
                 off
                 those
                 leaves
                 which
                 have
                 the
                 Cobwebs
                 made
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 (
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 breed
                 )
                 and
                 tread
                 them
                 under
                 foot
                 ,
                 for
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 contains
                 multitudes
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 escape
                 ,
                 being
                 upon
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 some
                 smoake
                 them
                 with
                 straw
                 or
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 them
                 fall
                 off
                 .
                 They
                 may
                 be
                 destroyed
                 also
                 by
                 squirting
                 water
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Trees
                 among
                 the
                 boughs
                 ,
                 which
                 washeth
                 them
                 off
                 .
              
               
                 2
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 
                   Ants
                   and
                   Pismires
                
                 hurt
                 fruits
                 ,
                 multitudes
                 creep
                 up
                 into
                 some
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 eat
                 the
                 fruits
                 .
                 Therefore
                 seek
                 out
                 their
                 hils
                 where
                 they
                 breed
                 and
                 lie
                 ,
                 and
                 poure
                 in
                 
                   scalding
                   water
                
                 among
                 them
                 till
                 they
                 be
                 destroyed
                 .
              
               
                 Yea
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 they
                 be
                 under
                 ,
                 or
                 near
                 the
                 roots
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 very
                 great
                 hurt
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 kill
                 some
                 Trees
                 ,
                 these
                 must
                 be
                 dig'd
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 destroyed
                 by
                 hot
                 water
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 way
                 .
              
               
               
                 Also
                 ,
                 anoint
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 near
                 the
                 Root
                 with
                 Tar
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 these
                 little
                 Thieves
                 may
                 be
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 by
                 sticking
                 in
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 3
                 Fruits
                 (
                 growing
                 ripe
                 )
                 are
                 sometimes
                 eaten
                 with
                 Ear-wigs
                 .
                 One
                 way
                 to
                 destroy
                 them
                 ,
                 is
                 by
                 setting
                 Oxe-hoofs
                 ,
                 Canes
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 hollow
                 thing
                 near
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 among
                 the
                 Boughs
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 ends
                 of
                 sticks
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 'l
                 creep
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 lie
                 there
                 ,
                 then
                 take
                 off
                 these
                 hoofs
                 quickly
                 ,
                 and
                 shake
                 them
                 into
                 a
                 boule
                 of
                 water
                 ,
                 or
                 crush
                 them
                 with
                 your
                 foot
                 upon
                 the
                 ground
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Creatures
                 do
                 most
                 mischiefe
                 to
                 Wall-trees
                 ,
                 4
                 especially
                 upon
                 old
                 walls
                 .
                 Pick
                 them
                 off
                 betime
                 in
                 the
                 morning
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 you
                 keep
                 the
                 wall
                 well
                 pointed
                 with
                 lime
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 no
                 harbour
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Roots
                 clean
                 from
                 weeds
                 you
                 'l
                 not
                 be
                 much
                 troubled
                 with
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 keep
                 them
                 from
                 some
                 choice
                 Trees
                 and
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 strew
                 ashes
                 round
                 about
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 mischief
                 incident
                 to
                 fruit
                 ,
                 is
                 by
                 
                   Wasps
                   and
                   Hornets
                
                 sometimes
                 ;
                 5
                 some
                 find
                 out
                 their
                 nests
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 so
                 bold
                 as
                 to
                 destroy
                 them
                 there
                 by
                 scalding
                 water
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 way
                 .
                 Another
                 way
                 to
                 destroy
                 them
                 ,
                 is
                 by
                 hanging
                 Earthen
                 Pots
                 
                 half
                 full
                 of
                 water
                 in
                 Trees
                 ,
                 dawbed
                 in
                 the
                 innerside
                 with
                 hony
                 ,
                 &
                 they
                 will
                 leave
                 the
                 fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 fall
                 to
                 the
                 honey
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 suckt
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 water
                 and
                 perish
                 .
                 This
                 way
                 destroyes
                 multitudes
                 .
              
               
                 6
                 Birds
                 also
                 spoile
                 
                   buds
                   and
                   fruits
                
                 :
                 the
                 Bulfinch
                 and
                 Lennet
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Winter
                 time
                 and
                 Spring
                 ,
                 eat
                 up
                 multitudes
                 of
                 
                   buds
                   of
                   Cherry-trees
                   ,
                   Aprecot-trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Plum-trees
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 prepared
                 for
                 blossoms
                 and
                 fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 ripe
                 ,
                 they
                 peck
                 and
                 eat
                 many
                 :
                 you
                 may
                 destroy
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 setting
                 Lime-twigs
                 (
                 with
                 baits
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 kill
                 some
                 with
                 a
                 Cross-bow
                 ,
                 and
                 hang
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Trees
                 .
                 And
                 Clack-Mills
                 may
                 be
                 set
                 in
                 divers
                 places
                 in
                 the
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 affright
                 them
                 :
                 also
                 bruise
                 Ratsba●
                 very
                 small
                 ,
                 and
                 mix
                 it
                 with
                 Oatmeal
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 it
                 in
                 small
                 percells
                 in
                 divers
                 places
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 birds
                 eating
                 of
                 it
                 will
                 die
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 sure
                 way
                 to
                 kill
                 many
                 .
              
               
                 7
                 But
                 the
                 greatest
                 mischief
                 incident
                 to
                 fruits
                 ,
                 is
                 by
                 
                   cold
                   winds
                   :
                   and
                   Frosts
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   strong
                   winds
                   in
                   Sommer
                   and
                   Autumne
                   :
                
                 which
                 shake
                 off
                 the
                 fruits
                 :
                 against
                 the
                 hurt
                 of
                 
                   cold
                   winds
                   ,
                   and
                   frost
                   Wall-trees
                
                 may
                 be
                 covered
                 for
                 a
                 certaine
                 time
                 while
                 they
                 are
                 knitting
                 (
                 being
                 exceeding
                 tender
                 )
                 and
                 great
                 standard
                 Trees
                 may
                 be
                 smoaked
                 in
                 knitting
                 time
                 ,
                 setting
                 
                 on
                 fire
                 some
                 moist
                 straw
                 ,
                 (
                 or
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 will
                 make
                 a
                 smoak
                 )
                 under
                 and
                 among
                 the
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 Likewise
                 ,
                 Plant
                 such
                 Trees
                 as
                 will
                 grow
                 high
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   North
                   or
                   East
                
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 a
                 good
                 shelter
                 continually
                 against
                 these
                 cold
                 winds
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 course
                 :
                 the
                 Orchard
                 must
                 be
                 defended
                 (
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 possible
                 )
                 with
                 some
                 high
                 Trees
                 on
                 the
                 
                   North
                   ,
                   East
                
                 ,
                 and
                 West
                 sides
                 ,
                 or
                 so
                 planted
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 have
                 houses
                 ,
                 hills
                 ,
                 or
                 something
                 or
                 other
                 ,
                 to
                 break
                 off
                 these
                 winds
                 from
                 the
                 Fruit-trees
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 much
                 concerning
                 
                   Diseases
                   and
                   Mischiefs
                
                 ,
                 incident
                 to
                 
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   Fruits
                   :
                   with
                   their
                   Cures
                   and
                   Remedies
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               Alimental
               and
               Physical
               use
               of
               Fruits
               .
            
             
               FRuit-trees
               being
               Planted
               ,
               and
               duly
               ordered
               to
               Fruit-bearing
               ,
               then
               comes
               the
               joyful
               Harvest
               ,
               the
               End
               of
               all
               our
               labours
               ;
               then
               we
               make
               use
               of
               Fruits
               as
               may
               be
               most
               for
               our
               profit
               :
               I
               shall
               speak
               of
               the
               
                 use
                 of
                 Fruits
              
               ,
               in
               respect
               both
               of
               their
               Alimental
               and
               
                 Physical
                 use
              
               .
            
             
               
                 First
                 concerning
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Apples
                 .
              
               
                 
                 When
                 Apples
                 are
                 ready
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 disposed
                 of
                 divers
                 ways
                 ,
                 some
                 for
                 Cider
                 ,
                 others
                 for
                 sale
                 ,
                 others
                 for
                 daily
                 dishes
                 to
                 the
                 Table
                 ,
                 ordered
                 many
                 ways
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Some
                 prefer
                 one
                 sort
                 ,
                 as
                 best
                 for
                 Cider
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 another
                 :
                 In
                 Herefordshire
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 parts
                 ,
                 the
                 Redstreak
                 is
                 generally
                 prefer'd
                 for
                 Cider
                 ,
                 before
                 
                   Pippins
                   ,
                   Pearmains
                
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 kinds
                 :
                 yet
                 some
                 others
                 ,
                 prefer
                 
                   Pippins
                   ,
                   Pearmains
                   ,
                   Gilli-flower-Apples
                
                 ,
                 as
                 best
                 for
                 Cider
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 in
                 them
                 a
                 more
                 
                   Cordial
                   juice
                
                 then
                 other
                 Apples
                 :
                 And
                 some
                 differ
                 from
                 these
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 say
                 the
                 Apples
                 known
                 by
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 Elliots
                 ,
                 make
                 the
                 best
                 Cider
                 ,
                 and
                 call
                 it
                 the
                 
                   Sack
                   of
                   Cider
                
                 :
                 Others
                 cry
                 up
                 the
                 
                   Stoken
                   Apple
                
                 ,
                 as
                 best
                 of
                 all
                 for
                 Cider
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 stand
                 to
                 dispute
                 which
                 is
                 best
                 for
                 Cider
                 ;
                 
                 but
                 seeing
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 so
                 good
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 an
                 Argument
                 is
                 raised
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 
                   best
                   for
                   Cider
                
                 ?
                 My
                 advice
                 therefore
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 men
                 propagate
                 ,
                 and
                 increase
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 Trees
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 kinds
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 by
                 experience
                 )
                 are
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 good
                 for
                 Cider
                 :
                 And
                 then
                 every
                 man
                 may
                 take
                 where
                 he
                 likes
                 ,
                 and
                 please
                 his
                 Palate
                 ,
                 with
                 that
                 that
                 suits
                 best
                 with
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 without
                 doubt
                 ,
                 the
                 Red●treak
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Wilding
                 ,
                 and
                 somewhat
                 hard
                 and
                 briske
                 )
                 and
                 generally
                 all
                 hard
                 Apples
                 and
                 Wildings
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 a
                 lively
                 ,
                 pert
                 ,
                 brisk
                 juice
                 ,
                 (
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 come
                 not
                 too
                 near
                 the
                 degree
                 of
                 stark
                 Crabs
                 )
                 All
                 these
                 kinds
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 make
                 excellent
                 Cider
                 ,
                 which
                 experience
                 shews
                 ,
                 and
                 confirms
                 from
                 year
                 to
                 year
                 .
              
               
                 Cider
                 made
                 of
                 hard
                 ,
                 
                 
                   harsh
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 soon
                 ready
                 for
                 drinking
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 
                   sommer
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 more
                 pleasant
                 :
                 That
                 made
                 a
                 Table-fruit
                 ,
                 being
                 earliest
                 ripe
                 ,
                 is
                 ready
                 to
                 drink
                 ,
                 even
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 s
                 well
                 setled
                 and
                 cleared
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 of
                 hard
                 Apples
                 ,
                 
                 not
                 till
                 Sommer
                 following
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 continue
                 good
                 for
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 years
                 ,
                 or
                 longer
                 :
                 and
                 if
                 well
                 kept
                 in
                 good
                 vessels
                 ,
                 well
                 stopt
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 good
                 cool
                 Celler
                 ,
                 will
                 somwhat
                 improve
                 in
                 keeping
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Now
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 these
                 Liquors
                 of
                 Cider
                 and
                 Perry
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 onely
                 mention
                 it
                 briefly
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 sakes
                 that
                 know
                 it
                 not
                 ;
                 Some
                 have
                 Cider-Mills
                 on
                 purpose
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 grind
                 the
                 Apples
                 ,
                 as
                 Tanners
                 do
                 their
                 Bark
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 bring
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Press
                 ;
                 others
                 Pownd
                 them
                 in
                 Troughs
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 be
                 small
                 ;
                 it
                 comes
                 all
                 to
                 one
                 :
                 The
                 Liquor
                 being
                 strained
                 out
                 ,
                 carry
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Vessels
                 prepared
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 tunne
                 it
                 up
                 :
                 The
                 Vessel
                 being
                 full
                 ,
                 let
                 it
                 rest
                 certain
                 days
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Barme
                 begin
                 to
                 fall
                 ,
                 then
                 put
                 in
                 a
                 handful
                 of
                 Bay-salt
                 (
                 this
                 makes
                 it
                 draw
                 fresh
                 ,
                 even
                 to
                 the
                 bottome
                 )
                 so
                 stop
                 it
                 up
                 very
                 close
                 with
                 a
                 Cork
                 ,
                 yet
                 leave
                 a
                 little
                 Venthole
                 in
                 the
                 top
                 near
                 the
                 Tunhole
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 peg
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 once
                 in
                 a
                 day
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 give
                 vent
                 there
                 ,
                 while
                 it
                 ferments
                 ,
                 and
                 works
                 strongly
                 ,
                 lest
                 it
                 break
                 the
                 Vessel
                 :
                 afterwards
                 stop
                 up
                 the
                 Venhole
                 very
                 close
                 also
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Then
                 mix
                 Clay
                 and
                 Bay-salt
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 it
                 upon
                 ,
                 and
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 Tun-hole
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 no
                 Aire
                 may
                 get
                 in
                 ,
                 nor
                 Spirits
                 of
                 the
                 Liquor
                 get
                 out
                 ;
                 make
                 the
                 Clay
                 
                 hollow
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 on
                 it
                 some
                 Bay-salt
                 ,
                 this
                 keeps
                 it
                 moist
                 all
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 it
                 may
                 chap
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 in
                 Aire
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 prejudice
                 of
                 the
                 Liquor
                 ;
                 the
                 close
                 stopping
                 of
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 is
                 of
                 great
                 advantage
                 to
                 the
                 Cider
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Cider
                 is
                 well
                 cleared
                 ,
                 
                 towards
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 so
                 afterwards
                 )
                 some
                 may
                 be
                 Botled
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 would
                 improve
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 :
                 Stone-bottles
                 ,
                 or
                 Glas-bottles
                 ,
                 both
                 are
                 good
                 ,
                 into
                 each
                 bottle
                 ,
                 put
                 a
                 quantity
                 ,
                 (
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 ,
                 as
                 each
                 one
                 pleaseth
                 )
                 of
                 
                   white
                   lump
                   sugar
                
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 prefer
                 before
                 Lofe-sugar
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 sophisticated
                 with
                 
                   Lime
                   ,
                   Allome
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 )
                 then
                 fill
                 the
                 bottle
                 with
                 the
                 Liquor
                 ,
                 yet
                 not
                 altogether
                 full
                 ,
                 but
                 let
                 be
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 an
                 inch
                 or
                 two
                 between
                 the
                 Liquor
                 and
                 the
                 Cork
                 :
                 then
                 Cork
                 it
                 well
                 ;
                 let
                 not
                 the
                 Cork
                 be
                 too
                 little
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 go
                 in
                 easily
                 ;
                 but
                 take
                 a
                 full
                 Cork
                 ,
                 that
                 must
                 be
                 knockt
                 in
                 about
                 half
                 way
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 
                   well
                   Corking
                
                 of
                 Bottles
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 the
                 direction
                 may
                 seem
                 trivial
                 )
                 is
                 of
                 great
                 concernment
                 to
                 the
                 goodness
                 of
                 the
                 Liquor
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 liquor
                 being
                 thus
                 well
                 Botled
                 ,
                 
                 may
                 be
                 kept
                 in
                 several
                 places
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 Gravel
                 or
                 Sand
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Celler
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 neck
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 may
                 be
                 sunk
                 down
                 into
                 water
                 ,
                 in
                 some
                 secure
                 ,
                 convenient
                 place
                 ;
                 or
                 otherwise
                 
                 wise
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 cool
                 ,
                 and
                 exclude
                 the
                 Aire
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 Sommer
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 season
                 ,
                 let
                 the
                 Corks
                 be
                 bound
                 down
                 close
                 with
                 a
                 Packthred
                 ,
                 else
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 will
                 be
                 thrown
                 out
                 by
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 carried
                 abroad
                 ,
                 or
                 laid
                 in
                 a
                 Chamber
                 where
                 the
                 Aire
                 is
                 warm
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 things
                 more
                 might
                 be
                 said
                 concerning
                 the
                 ordering
                 of
                 Cider
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 several
                 mens
                 opinions
                 and
                 experiences
                 :
                 these
                 things
                 (
                 briefly
                 mentioned
                 )
                 are
                 plain
                 and
                 practical
                 ,
                 and
                 comprehend
                 many
                 other
                 particulars
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Cider
                 that
                 is
                 made
                 of
                 good
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 ordered
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 
                   wholesome
                   drink
                
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 it
                 is
                 accounted
                 by
                 
                   Learned
                   and
                   Iudicious
                   Physitians
                
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 much
                 magnifie
                 
                   Syrupum
                   de
                   Pomis
                
                 ,
                 the
                 juice
                 of
                 Apples
                 .
                 See
                 
                   London
                   Dispensatory
                
                 :
                 composed
                 by
                 a
                 whole
                 
                   Colledg
                   of
                   Physitians
                
                 ,
                 pag.
                 38.
                 
              
               
                 
                 A
                 Famous
                 Physitian
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 ,
                 gives
                 it
                 this
                 Commendation
                 ;
                 
                   Pomaceum
                   e
                   succo
                   Malorum
                   dulci.
                   m●
                   quae
                   maturitatatem
                   consequuta
                   sunt
                   ,
                   satis
                   defaecatum
                   ,
                   maturum
                   ,
                   tenue
                   ,
                   subflavum
                   melancholicis
                   adeò
                   salubre
                   el●
                   ,
                   &
                   omne
                   Potionis
                   genus
                   bonitate
                   vincat
                
                 :
                 That
                 is
                 ,
                 
                   Cider
                   of
                   pleasant
                   Apples
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   full
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   being
                   well
                   setled
                   ,
                   cleared
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   fermented
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   most
                   wholesome
                   drink
                   for
                   melancholick
                   
                   persons
                   ;
                   and
                   excels
                   all
                   other
                   Liquors
                   in
                   goodness
                   .
                
              
               
                 And
                 the
                 
                   Cider
                   of
                   Pippins
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Pearmains
                 is
                 most
                 commended
                 by
                 some
                 ,
                 as
                 containing
                 in
                 them
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 Balsamum
                 of
                 nature
                 ,
                 then
                 other
                 Apples
                 ;
                 
                   Et
                   humidum
                   radicale
                   oleosum
                   ,
                   spiritus
                   vitalis
                   vigore
                   impregnatum
                   :
                
                 preserving
                 the
                 radical
                 moisture
                 ,
                 and
                 vital
                 spirits
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 which
                 does
                 singularly
                 preserve
                 health
                 ,
                 
                   Ad
                   extremum
                   usque
                   senium
                
                 ,
                 to
                 very
                 old
                 Age.
                 
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 As
                 
                   Learned
                   Physitians
                
                 do
                 approve
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 
                   most
                   wholesome
                   drink
                
                 ;
                 so
                 also
                 experience
                 speaks
                 ,
                 and
                 proves
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 of
                 many
                 persons
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 of
                 many
                 Generations
                 ,
                 in
                 
                   Hereford
                   shire
                   ,
                   Worcester-shire
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 
                   Fruit
                   Countries
                
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 hath
                 been
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 of
                 continual
                 use
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 And
                 besides
                 the
                 
                   Opinion
                   and
                   Iudgment
                   of
                   Physitians
                
                 herein
                 ,
                 and
                 continual
                 experience
                 in
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 for
                 many
                 years
                 ;
                 this
                 also
                 is
                 a
                 convincing
                 Argument
                 thereof
                 .
              
               
                 God
                 hath
                 been
                 pleased
                 in
                 his
                 
                   Wisdom
                   ,
                   Bounty
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Goodness
                 to
                 mankind
                 ,
                 to
                 create
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 such
                 Commodities
                 in
                 every
                 
                   Country
                   and
                   Nation
                
                 as
                 are
                 
                   most
                   useful
                
                 ,
                 and
                 best
                 for
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 each
                 particular
                 Clymate
                 :
                 for
                 instance
                 ,
                 in
                 
                   Spain
                   ,
                   Italy
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 those
                 hot
                 Countries
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 
                   Oringes
                   Lemmons
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Pome-Citrons
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 in
                 them
                 the
                 most
                 
                   cool
                   refreshing
                   juice
                
                 ,
                 and
                 liquor
                 of
                 any
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 most
                 necessary
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 cooling
                 and
                 refreshing
                 the
                 
                   Blood
                   ,
                   Spirits
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Bodies
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabibitants
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Northerne
                   cold
                   Countries
                
                 ,
                 God
                 hath
                 given
                 them
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 Coles
                 and
                 Wood
                 ,
                 for
                 Fuel
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 in
                 so
                 great
                 plenty
                 in
                 
                   hotter
                   Countries
                
                 :
                 So
                 also
                 for
                 Fruit-trees
                 ;
                 some
                 parts
                 of
                 
                   Worcester-shire
                   ,
                   Gloucester-shire
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 The
                 ground
                 does
                 naturally
                 bring
                 forth
                 Fruit-trees
                 ;
                 (
                 besides
                 the
                 labour
                 and
                 diligence
                 of
                 men
                 in
                 Planting
                 )
                 the
                 soyle
                 is
                 naturally
                 fit
                 to
                 receive
                 ,
                 cherish
                 ,
                 &
                 increase
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 
                   Apple-trees
                   ,
                   Pear-trees
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 which
                 bring
                 forth
                 abundance
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 whereof
                 to
                 make
                 this
                 wholsome
                 and
                 
                   best
                   drink
                   ,
                   Cider
                
                 and
                 Perry
                 .
                 And
                 England
                 affords
                 the
                 greatest
                 store
                 of
                 Apples
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 Country
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 Argument
                 (
                 I
                 say
                 )
                 of
                 the
                 profitableness
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   healthfulness
                   of
                   this
                   Liquor
                
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 these
                 Climates
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 then
                 ,
                 if
                 health
                 and
                 
                   long
                   life
                
                 ,
                 be
                 in
                 esteem
                 with
                 men
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 needs
                 also
                 value
                 
                   this
                   means
                   thereof
                
                 ;
                 the
                 
                   seasonable
                   and
                   moderate
                   use
                   of
                   Cider
                
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 works
                 and
                 labours
                 
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 conducing
                 to
                 those
                 great
                 and
                 desirable
                 ends
                 .
              
               
                 Before
                 you
                 gather
                 Apples
                 to
                 keep
                 ,
                 
                 let
                 them
                 be
                 ripe
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 known
                 by
                 the
                 colour
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 seed
                 ;
                 cut
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 seed
                 be
                 turned
                 brown
                 ,
                 or
                 somewhat
                 black
                 ,
                 such
                 may
                 be
                 gathered
                 ;
                 gather
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 dry
                 day
                 ,
                 pull
                 them
                 one
                 by
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 into
                 Baskets
                 lined
                 with
                 Woollen
                 cloath
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 br●ise
                 not
                 .
                 Carry
                 them
                 into
                 a
                 loft
                 ,
                 or
                 upper
                 Chamber
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 them
                 on
                 Mats
                 or
                 Boards
                 ,
                 not
                 on
                 Plaister
                 or
                 
                   Clay
                   floors
                   ,
                   they
                   will
                   be
                   moist
                   .
                
                 Lay
                 them
                 thin
                 ,
                 not
                 on
                 heaps
                 as
                 some
                 do
                 ;
                 let
                 the
                 windows
                 and
                 holes
                 be
                 open
                 ,
                 especially
                 upon
                 the
                 North-side
                 ,
                 in
                 dry
                 dayes
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Aire
                 and
                 Winds
                 may
                 dry
                 up
                 their
                 superfluous
                 moysture
                 .
                 Lay
                 every
                 kind
                 by
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 pick
                 out
                 all
                 the
                 leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 rot
                 ,
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 .
                 Turne
                 them
                 sometimes
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Frost
                 ,
                 cover
                 them
                 with
                 
                   Mats
                   ,
                   Straw
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 Apples
                 offend
                 any
                 through
                 wind
                 ,
                 
                 eat
                 with
                 them
                 Ginger
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 
                   hot
                   Spices
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Carroway-seeds
                   ,
                   Fennel-seeds
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 .
                 So
                 
                   Dodonaeus
                   :
                   Quorum
                   malignitas
                   vel
                   aromatis
                   ,
                   vel
                   aliis
                   corrigi
                   potest
                   .
                
              
               
                 Apples
                 are
                 prepared
                 for
                 the
                 Table
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 long
                 ,
                 many
                 wayes
                 ,
                 (
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 need
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 particulars
                 )
                 and
                 
                 are
                 pleasant
                 and
                 healthful
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 ▪
              
               
                 
                 
                   Dulcia
                   poma
                   minus
                   frigida
                   sunt
                   ac
                   humida
                   ,
                   alimentum
                   conferunt
                   amplius
                   quam
                   caetera
                   poma
                   .
                
                 He
                 sayes
                 ,
                 pleasant
                 Apples
                 are
                 less
                 cold
                 and
                 moist
                 ,
                 and
                 afford
                 more
                 nourishment
                 then
                 others
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Concerning
                 their
                 Physical
                 Vse
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Galen
                 ascribes
                 heat
                 to
                 some
                 kind
                 of
                 Apples
                 ,
                 he
                 speaks
                 of
                 their
                 
                   Physical
                   propertie
                
                 ,
                 in
                 relaxing
                 the
                 belly
                 ,
                 and
                 sayes
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   acid
                   &
                   acrid
                
                 perform
                 this
                 :
                 but
                 with
                 some
                 difference
                 .
                 
                   Haec
                   cum
                   calefactione
                   ,
                   Illa
                   autem
                   cum
                   refrigeratione
                   .
                
                 The
                 Acrid
                 do
                 it
                 with
                 heat
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 with
                 cold
                 .
                 Sweet
                 Apples
                 relax
                 the
                 belly
                 more
                 then
                 other
                 kinds
                 .
                 A
                 good
                 Author
                 says
                 ,
                 every
                 sweet
                 thing
                 detergeth
                 and
                 relaxeth
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 Pears
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 generally
                 more
                 sweet
                 then
                 Apples
                 )
                 loosen
                 the
                 body
                 more
                 then
                 Apples
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Apples
                 also
                 help
                 Concoction
                 .
                 So
                 
                   Galen
                   ,
                   Post
                   cibum
                   ,
                   statim
                   ,
                   dare
                   ipsa
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 taken
                 after
                 meat
                 .
                 
                   Nonnunquam
                   autem
                   cum
                   pane
                   ,
                   ad
                   ventriculum
                   &
                   stomachum
                   roborandum
                   ,
                
                 eaten
                 with
                 bread
                 ,
                 they
                 strengthen
                 the
                 stomack
                 .
                 So
                 
                   Avicen
                   :
                   confortant
                   debilitatem
                   stomachi
                
                 .
              
               
                 Galen
                 says
                 ,
                 pleasant
                 Apples
                 are
                 profitable
                 
                 in
                 hot
                 diseases
                 .
                 
                 
                   Saepe
                   in
                   morbis
                   afferunt
                   praesidium
                
                 :
                 So
                 
                   Matth
                   :
                   Pomum
                   coctivum
                   non
                   solum
                   sanis
                   competit
                   ,
                   sed
                   etiam
                   agris
                   :
                
                 He
                 says
                 they
                 are
                 Cordial
                 to
                 persons
                 in
                 hot
                 diseases
                 :
                 
                   Calidis
                   cordis
                   affectibus
                   succurrunt
                
                 .
                 Being
                 rosted
                 ,
                 and
                 eaten
                 with
                 ●osewater
                 and
                 Sugar
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 pleasanter
                 kinds
                 are
                 helpful
                 against
                 Melancholy
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 good
                 against
                 the
                 Plurisie
                 ,
                 if
                 roasted
                 and
                 eaten
                 
                   Glycyrrhizae
                   succo
                   ,
                   &
                   saccharo
                   ,
                   ●irifice
                   juvant
                   .
                
                 With
                 juice
                 of
                 Liquorice
                 and
                 Sugar
                 ,
                 morning
                 and
                 evening
                 ,
                 two
                 hours
                 before
                 meat
                 ,
                 they
                 wonderfully
                 help
                 .
              
               
                 Observe
                 one
                 special
                 
                   Physical
                   propertie
                
                 more
                 of
                 Apples
                 ,
                 set
                 down
                 by
                 a
                 Learned
                 and
                 Experienced
                 Author
                 .
                 These
                 be
                 his
                 words
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   pulp
                   of
                   rosted
                   Apples
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   (
                   if
                   Pomewaters
                   )
                   mixed
                   in
                   a
                   wine
                   quart
                   of
                   faire
                   water
                   ,
                   laboured
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   drunk
                   at
                   night
                   last
                   ,
                   within
                   an
                   hour
                   ,
                   doth
                   in
                   one
                   night
                   cure
                   those
                   that
                   piss
                   by
                   drops
                   ,
                   with
                   great
                   anguish
                   and
                   dolour
                   ;
                   the
                   Strangury
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   other
                   diseases
                   ,
                   proceeding
                   of
                   the
                   difficulty
                   of
                   making
                   water
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   twice
                   taking
                   ,
                   it
                   never
                   faileth
                   in
                   any
                   :
                   also
                   the
                   running
                   of
                   the
                   Reines
                   :
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   often
                   proved
                   ,
                   and
                   gained
                   thereby
                   both
                   Crownes
                   and
                   Credit
                   .
                
                 So
                 the
                 Author
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                 Concerning
                 Pears
                 :
                 (a)
                 Gallen
                 sayes
                 ▪
                 they
                 have
                 like
                 properties
                 with
                 Apples
                 and
                 what
                 is
                 said
                 of
                 Apples
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 attribute
                 the
                 same
                 to
                 Pears
                 ,
                 there
                 needs
                 nothing
                 anew
                 to
                 be
                 said
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 
                   Quae
                   de
                   Mali●
                   diximus
                   ,
                   si
                   ad
                   Pira
                   transtuleris
                   ,
                   nihil
                   erit
                   quod
                   nos
                   de
                   ipsis
                   novum
                   dicere
                   oportet
                   .
                
              
               
                 (b)
                 Avicen
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Sedant
                   Choleram
                
                 ,
                 they
                 mitigate
                 Choler
                 .
                 (c)
                 Dodonaeus
                 commends
                 them
                 above
                 Apples
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 nourishing
                 propertie
                 :
                 
                   Alimenta
                   Pira
                   omnia
                   ,
                   amplius
                   &
                   copiosius
                   ,
                   quam
                   Mala
                   conferunt
                   .
                
              
               
                 So
                 *
                 
                   Avicen
                   ;
                   Humor
                   eorum
                   plurimus
                   ,
                   &
                   laudabilior
                   est
                   humore
                   pomorum
                   .
                
              
               
                 Pears
                 make
                 an
                 excellent
                 Wine
                 ,
                 being
                 well
                 ordered
                 .
                 A
                 late
                 Author
                 sayes
                 ,
                 we
                 might
                 have
                 
                   Wine
                   of
                   Pears
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 of
                 our
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 not
                 inferior
                 to
                 
                   French
                   Wines
                
                 .
                 And
                 another
                 tells
                 us
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 a
                 famous
                 Physitian
                 of
                 his
                 time
                 was
                 not
                 content
                 to
                 equal
                 them
                 with
                 
                   Wine
                   of
                   Grapes
                
                 ,
                 but
                 preferred
                 them
                 before
                 it
                 in
                 every
                 thing
                 .
                 Crabs
                 ,
                 or
                 Wildings
                 ,
                 mixt
                 with
                 Pears
                 ,
                 make
                 an
                 excellent
                 Liquor
                 ,
                 better
                 then
                 Pears
                 alone
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 need
                 not
                 tell
                 Herefordshire
                 ,
                 and
                 Worcestershire
                 men
                 ,
                 the
                 good
                 properties
                 of
                 Perry
                 and
                 Cider
                 ;
                 they
                 know
                 by
                 experience
                 it
                 is
                 both
                 Alimental
                 and
                 Physical
                 ;
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 health
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 for
                 long-life
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Wines
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 kind
                 of
                 
                 Apples
                 and
                 Pears
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 special
                 Cordial
                 ,
                 hearing
                 and
                 reviving
                 the
                 spirits
                 ,
                 making
                 ●he
                 heart
                 glad
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Wine
                   of
                   Grapes
                
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 drink
                 Cider
                 and
                 Perry
                 daily
                 ,
                 or
                 frequently
                 ,
                 as
                 their
                 common
                 drink
                 ,
                 are
                 generally
                 
                   healthy
                   persons
                
                 ,
                 and
                 long-lived
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 that
                 it
                 will
                 begger
                 a
                 Physitian
                 ,
                 to
                 live
                 where
                 Cider
                 and
                 Perry
                 are
                 of
                 general
                 use
                 .
              
               
                 Quinces
                 are
                 special
                 fruits
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 of
                 manifold
                 uses
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 daily
                 nourishment
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 for
                 Physical
                 respects
                 ,
                 either
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 or
                 mixed
                 with
                 other
                 Fruits
                 .
                 Matthiolus
                 commends
                 them
                 both
                 for
                 meat
                 and
                 medicine
                 ,
                 boyled
                 with
                 hony
                 .
                 
                 
                   Ex
                   melle
                   tantum
                   &
                   Cotoneorum
                   carne
                   confecta
                   ,
                   tam
                   ad
                   cibi
                   quàm
                   medicamenti
                   commodum
                   .
                
              
               
                 So
                 Rovilius
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 many
                 dainties
                 for
                 Banquets
                 are
                 prepared
                 of
                 them
                 :
                 
                 
                   Multa
                   ex
                   Cydoniis
                   malis
                   parata
                   ex
                   iis
                   sectis
                   &
                   &
                   diutius
                   in
                   aqua
                   elixis
                   donec
                   tabescant
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 divers
                 wayes
                 of
                 making
                 
                   Marmalade
                   of
                   Quinces
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 known
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 good
                 Cordial
                 ,
                 strengthening
                 the
                 
                   Stomack
                   and
                   Heart
                
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 sick
                 and
                 sound
                 .
              
               
                 Gallen
                 says
                 ,
                 being
                 made
                 with
                 hony
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 last
                 seven
                 years
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 loose
                 none
                 of
                 
                 its
                 properties
                 ,
                 
                   diu
                   duret
                   ,
                   si
                   quis
                   ipsum
                   c●melle
                   cocium
                   asservare
                   velit
                   ,
                   post
                   annos
                   se●tem
                   invenimus
                   nihil
                   in
                   qualitate
                   imm●tatum
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Dodonaeus
                 sayes
                 ,
                 they
                 bind
                 strongly
                 o●
                 their
                 own
                 nature
                 ,
                 and
                 stay
                 Vomiting
                 
                   Valde
                   astringunt
                   ,
                   ventriculum
                   roborant
                   ,
                   vimitum
                   sedant
                   .
                
              
               
                 Quinces
                 may
                 be
                 kept
                 good
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 or
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 have
                 said
                 )
                 two
                 years
                 ,
                 thus
                 ,
                 put
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 Barrel
                 ,
                 cover
                 them
                 with
                 penny
                 Ale
                 ,
                 and
                 once
                 in
                 10
                 or
                 12
                 dayes
                 draw
                 it
                 off
                 ,
                 but
                 stir
                 not
                 the
                 Quinces
                 ,
                 then
                 put
                 in
                 fresh
                 Ale
                 again
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 accounted
                 far
                 better
                 then
                 usual
                 Pickle
                 .
                 Others
                 keep
                 them
                 thus
                 ,
                 boyle
                 the
                 Parings
                 and
                 Cores
                 of
                 Quinces
                 ,
                 with
                 Salt
                 and
                 Ginger
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 this
                 Pickle
                 they
                 will
                 keep
                 divers
                 Months
                 .
                 A
                 late
                 Author
                 sayes
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 Fruit
                 in
                 this
                 Land
                 of
                 so
                 manifold
                 use
                 as
                 Quinces
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Cherries
                 are
                 a
                 healthful
                 and
                 pleasant
                 Fruit
                 :
                 Ruelius
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Cerasa
                   bonum
                   succum
                   creant
                
                 ,
                 they
                 breed
                 good
                 humours
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ;
                 so
                 another
                 ,
                 
                   Bonum
                   sanguinem
                   generant
                
                 .
              
               
                 Dodonaeus
                 ,
                 accounts
                 the
                 tart
                 and
                 
                   sharp
                   Cherries
                
                 best
                 ;
                 
                   Inter
                   Cerasa
                   optima
                   sunt
                   acidula
                
                 .
              
               
               
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 pleasant
                 and
                 refreshing
                 Wine
                 ,
                 made
                 of
                 Cherries
                 ,
                 in
                 Countries
                 where
                 they
                 have
                 great
                 store
                 ,
                 *
                 both
                 in
                 their
                 Liquor
                 onely
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 mixed
                 with
                 
                   Grapes
                   .
                   Vvis
                   maturis
                   admiscentur
                   ,
                   &
                   deinde
                   vinum
                   ex
                   his
                   paratur
                   gustatu
                   gratissimum
                   :
                
                 Doubtless
                 Cherry-wine
                 in
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 pleasant
                 and
                 healthful
                 Liquor
                 ,
                 more
                 proper
                 for
                 that
                 Season
                 then
                 hot
                 Wines
                 .
              
               
                 Cherries
                 boyled
                 in
                 brothes
                 and
                 drinks
                 ,
                 give
                 a
                 pleasant
                 relish
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 good
                 for
                 hot
                 and
                 feverish
                 bodies
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 Countries
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 great
                 store
                 ,
                 their
                 custome
                 is
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 credibly
                 reported
                 )
                 to
                 eat
                 their
                 Breakfasts
                 of
                 
                   Bread
                   ,
                   Butter
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Cherries
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 School
                 or
                 Vniversity
                 of
                 Salern
                 ,
                 gives
                 them
                 great
                 commendations
                 ,
                 and
                 tells
                 us
                 ,
                 divers
                 commodities
                 they
                 afford
                 :
                 
                   
                     Cerasa
                     si
                     comedas
                     tibi
                     consert
                     grandia
                     dona
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Expurgant
                     Stomachum
                     ,
                     nucleus
                     lapidem
                     tibi
                     tollit
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Et
                     de
                     carne
                     suâ
                     sanguis
                     eritque
                     bonus
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     By
                     eating
                     Cherries
                     great
                     good
                     doth
                     arise
                     ,
                  
                   
                     To
                     such
                     as
                     use
                     them
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     Learned
                     wise
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Say
                     ,
                     that
                     they
                     purge
                     the
                     stomack
                     ,
                     and
                     beside
                  
                   
                     The
                     broken
                     stones
                     and
                     kernels
                     have
                     ,
                     been
                     try'd
                  
                   
                     To
                     break
                     the
                     bladder-stone
                     ,
                     breed
                     wholesom●
                     blood
                     ,
                  
                   
                     To
                     fat
                     and
                     feed
                     the
                     body
                     they
                     be
                     good
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 Another
                 says
                 ,
                 they
                 increase
                 and
                 comfort
                 the
                 Liver
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 tart
                 and
                 sharp
                 close
                 the
                 mouth
                 of
                 the
                 stomack
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 the
                 better
                 and
                 speedier
                 digestion
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Matthiolus
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Omnia
                   refrigerant
                   ,
                   rob●rant
                   ,
                   &
                   tibi
                   appetentiam
                   exitant
                   ,
                   ideoqu●
                   febricitantibus
                   ,
                   ac
                   sitientibus
                   ,
                   facile
                   conce●
                   duntur
                   à
                   medicis
                   Germanis
                   .
                
              
               
                 All
                 Cherries
                 do
                 cool
                 ,
                 strengthen
                 ,
                 and
                 stir
                 up
                 appetite
                 to
                 meat
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 are
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 Recorded
                 )
                 readily
                 allowed
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Germane
                   Physitians
                
                 ,
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 feverish
                 ,
                 hot
                 ,
                 and
                 thirsty
                 diseases
                 ;
                 other
                 Authours
                 say
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 which
                 for
                 brevities
                 sake
                 I
                 omit
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Matthiolus
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   Prunabilem
                   dejiciunt
                   ,
                   preinde
                   ea
                   utiliter
                   medici
                   ad
                   febres
                   ,
                   aliosque
                   biliosos
                   affectus
                   reddant
                   .
                
                 Plums
                 cast
                 out
                 Cholerick
                 humours
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 good
                 in
                 fevers
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Cholerick
                 and
                 hot
                 Diseases
                 .
              
               
               
                 A
                 late
                 Author
                 sayes
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 Damsons
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 sweet
                 Plums
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 a
                 drink
                 not
                 inferiour
                 to
                 some
                 good
                 Wines
                 ,
                 and
                 abundance
                 of
                 Aquavitae
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Schol.
                   Sal.
                
                 sayes
                 :
                 
                   
                     Infrigidant
                     ,
                     laxant
                     ,
                     multum
                     prosunt
                     tibi
                     Prunae
                     .
                  
                   
                     Plums
                     cool
                     ,
                     and
                     loose
                     the
                     belly
                     very
                     kindly
                     :
                  
                   
                     No
                     way
                     offensive
                     ,
                     but
                     to
                     health
                     are
                     friendly
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 Many
                 good
                 dishes
                 for
                 the
                 Table
                 ,
                 and
                 delicates
                 for
                 Banquets
                 ,
                 are
                 made
                 of
                 Plums
                 with
                 hony
                 and
                 sugar
                 ,
                 to
                 use
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 ,
                 and
                 profitable
                 both
                 for
                 the
                 sick
                 and
                 healthful
                 .
              
               
                 Gallen
                 accounts
                 Aprecocks
                 ,
                 
                 better
                 then
                 
                   Peaches
                   ;
                   Non
                   in
                   ventriculo
                   ,
                   ut
                   illa
                   ,
                   corrumpuntur
                   :
                
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 soon
                 corrupted
                 in
                 the
                 stomack
                 .
                 Avicen
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   Infusio
                   siccorum
                   confert
                   fo●bribus
                   acutis
                
                 .
                 The
                 infusion
                 of
                 dried
                 Aprecocks
                 ,
                 is
                 profitable
                 in
                 
                   sharp
                   feavers
                
                 .
                 
                 Matt.
                 tells
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Oyle
                   of
                   the
                   stones
                
                 ,
                 is
                 very
                 profitable
                 to
                 anoint
                 the
                 heat
                 ,
                 and
                 swelling
                 of
                 Vlcers
                 and
                 Sores
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   pains
                   in
                   the
                   Ears
                
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 the
                 Oyle
                 mixed
                 with
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 drunk
                 ,
                 drives
                 
                   stones
                   and
                   gravel
                
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 
                   bladder
                   and
                   kidneys
                
                 :
                 and
                 helps
                 the
                 Collick
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 are
                 ordered
                 many
                 wayes
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 all
                 pleasant
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 healthful
                 .
              
               
                 Dioscor
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   Persica
                   mala
                   stomacho
                   utilia
                   sunt
                   ,
                   alvum
                   quoque
                   bonum
                   praestant
                   .
                   Peaches
                
                 are
                 good
                 for
                 the
                 Stomack
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 keep
                 the
                 belly
                 soluble
                 :
                 so
                 
                   Avicen
                   ,
                   Matura
                   sunt
                   bona
                   stomacho
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Lonicerus
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   Persica
                   mala
                   in
                   ardentibus
                   faebribus
                   sumi
                   possunt
                   .
                   Peaches
                
                 may
                 be
                 eaten
                 in
                 barning
                 fevers
                 .
              
               
                 Pliny
                 commends
                 Peaches
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 any
                 fruit
                 ,
                 even
                 for
                 the
                 sick
                 ,
                 with
                 
                   Wine
                   or
                   Vineger
                   ;
                   Poma
                   Persica
                   innocua
                   expeti
                   aegris
                   ,
                   utilioraque
                   ,
                   cum
                   vino
                   aut
                   aceto
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 Peaches
                 eaten
                 moderately
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 so
                 we
                 are
                 to
                 use
                 all
                 Fruits
                 )
                 are
                 no
                 doubt
                 profitable
                 to
                 cool
                 and
                 loosen
                 the
                 belly
                 ,
                 especially
                 for
                 hot
                 constitutions
                 ;
                 but
                 withal
                 take
                 the
                 advice
                 of
                 
                   Schol.
                   Sal.
                   Persica
                   cum
                   musto
                   ,
                   vobis
                   datur
                   ordine
                   justo
                   ;
                
                 Take
                 a
                 cup
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 or
                 strong
                 drink
                 with
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Some
                 make
                 a
                 drink
                 of
                 Wine
                 of
                 Mulberries
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Albert.
                   Magnus
                
                 tells
                 us
                 ▪
                 
                   De
                   moris
                   fit
                   potus
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   qui
                   Morētum
                   vocetur
                
                 .
                 A
                 spoonful
                 or
                 two
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 will
                 colour
                 a
                 quart
                 of
                 
                   White
                   Wine
                
                 or
                 
                   Cider
                   .
                   Ruel
                
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Succus
                   siccato
                   pomo
                   expressus
                   ,
                   multum
                   obsoniorum
                   sapori
                   confert
                   ,
                   &
                   miram
                   gratiam
                   commendat
                   :
                
                 
                 the
                 
                   juice
                   of
                   Mulberries
                
                 ,
                 
                 prest
                 out
                 and
                 dried
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 into
                 meats
                 ,
                 gives
                 them
                 a
                 very
                 pleasant
                 taste
                 and
                 relish
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Iuice
                   of
                   Mulberries
                
                 is
                 known
                 by
                 experience
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 good
                 remedy
                 for
                 a
                 sore
                 mouth
                 or
                 throat
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 perfectly
                 ripe
                 ,
                 relax
                 the
                 belly
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 unripe
                 (
                 especially
                 dried
                 )
                 are
                 said
                 to
                 bind
                 exeedingly
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 are
                 given
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 Lasks
                 and
                 
                   Fluxes
                   .
                   Dodoneus
                
                 sayes
                 ,
                 they
                 stir
                 up
                 a
                 languishing
                 appetite
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 hot
                 bodies
                 ,
                 
                   appetentiam
                   calore
                   languentem
                   excitant
                
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 Avicen
                 :
                 
                 
                   Appetitum
                   cibi
                   faciunt
                
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 used
                 by
                 Apothecaries●or
                 ●or
                 many
                 other
                 purposes
                 .
              
               
                 Figs
                 are
                 said
                 to
                 nourish
                 much
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 to
                 breed
                 store
                 of
                 blood
                 .
                 Dodonaeus
                 prefers
                 them
                 above
                 other
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 in
                 res●ect
                 they
                 nourish
                 very
                 much
                 :
                 
                   Alimentum
                   amplius
                   quam
                   caeteri
                   praebent
                
                 :
                 So
                 
                   Mat.
                   Ficus
                   &
                   ●uae
                   inter
                   fructus
                   autumnales
                   principatum
                   obtinent
                   .
                
              
               
                 We
                 have
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 blew
                 Figs
                 that
                 come
                 to
                 perfect
                 ripeness
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 eaten
                 (
                 being
                 newly
                 gathered
                 )
                 with
                 Pepper
                 ,
                 Salt
                 ,
                 and
                 Bread
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 be
                 dried
                 to
                 last
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 .
                 And
                 (
                 doubtless
                 )
                 nourish
                 exceedingly
                 :
                 Some
                 make
                 excellent
                 Tarts
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Lonicerus
                 sayes
                 :
                 
                   Na●●ram
                   confortant
                   .
                   
                   Dioscor
                
                 ,
                 commends
                 them
                 as
                 profitable
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 lost
                 their
                 colour
                 by
                 long
                 sickness
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Figs
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 Pliny
                 ,
                 are
                 restorative
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 thing
                 that
                 they
                 can
                 eat
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 brought
                 low
                 by
                 languishing
                 sickness
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 mending
                 hand
                 :
                 they
                 help
                 (
                 as
                 another
                 sayes
                 )
                 an
                 old
                 continual
                 Cough
                 ,
                 (
                 being
                 boyled
                 with
                 Hysop
                 ,
                 and
                 drunk
                 )
                 also
                 Obstructions
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 faults
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Lungs
                   .
                   Schol.
                   Salern
                
                 ▪
                 commends
                 them
                 for
                 divers
                 things
                 :
                 
                   
                     Scrofa
                     ,
                     tumor
                     ,
                     Glandes
                     ,
                     Ficus
                     cataplasmata
                     sedet
                     .
                  
                   
                     Iunge
                     papaver
                     ei
                     ,
                     confracta
                     foris
                     tene●
                     ossa
                     .
                  
                   
                     Swines
                     ▪
                     Evil
                     ,
                     Swellings
                     ,
                     Kernels
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Figs
                     by
                     a
                     Plaister
                     cure
                     :
                  
                   
                     Adde
                     Poppie
                     to
                     't
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Then
                     broken
                     bones
                     it
                     sets
                     them
                     sure
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   Condiuntur
                   hi
                   cum
                   saccharo
                   ;
                   aut
                   mello
                
                 (
                 as
                 Dodonaeus
                 )
                 
                   quo
                   modo
                   apparati
                   ori
                   ac
                   palato
                   grati
                   sunt
                   .
                
                 Ordered
                 with
                 hony
                 or
                 sugar
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 acceptable
                 and
                 pleasant
                 to
                 the
                 tast
                 ,
                 they
                 fortifie
                 digestion
                 ,
                 and
                 preserve
                 the
                 humours
                 from
                 putrefaction
                 .
                 They
                 stay
                 vomitings
                 and
                 looseness
                 of
                 th●
                 stomack
                 or
                 bel●●
                 
                   Valentius
                   astringunt
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                 
                   proinde
                   ventri
                   fluenti
                   cibus
                   est
                   utilissimus
                
                 :
                 as
                 Gallen
                 :
                 Another
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Mespilorum
                   ossicula
                   in
                   pulverem
                   contrita
                   calculos
                   è
                   renibus
                   valenter
                   pellunt
                   .
                
                 The
                 kernels
                 bruised
                 to
                 dust
                 ,
                 and
                 drunk
                 in
                 liquor
                 (
                 especially
                 where
                 Parsly
                 roots
                 have
                 been
                 steeped
                 )
                 do
                 mightily
                 drive
                 out
                 stones
                 and
                 gravel
                 from
                 the
                 Kidneys
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 late
                 Author
                 says
                 ,
                 Medlers
                 are
                 singular
                 good
                 for
                 Women
                 with
                 Child
                 ,
                 seeing
                 they
                 strengthen
                 the
                 stomack
                 and
                 stay
                 the
                 looseness
                 thereof
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 sayes
                 ,
                 They
                 are
                 very
                 effectual
                 for
                 Women
                 with
                 Child
                 against
                 abortion
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 late
                 Author
                 says
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 profit
                 of
                 Wallnuts
                 is
                 infinite
                 :
                 They
                 are
                 usually
                 eaten
                 after
                 meals
                 to
                 close
                 up
                 the
                 stomack
                 ,
                 and
                 help
                 digestion
                 .
                 And
                 according
                 to
                 
                   Avicen
                   ,
                   Recentes
                   sunt
                   meliores
                   stomacho
                   .
                
                 
                 Bread
                 or
                 Bisket
                 may
                 be
                 m●de
                 of
                 the
                 meal
                 being
                 dried
                 .
                 The
                 young
                 Nuts
                 pealed
                 ,
                 are
                 preserved
                 ,
                 and
                 Candied
                 for
                 Banqueting-stuff
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 ripe
                 ,
                 the
                 Kernels
                 may
                 be
                 crusted
                 over
                 with
                 Sugar
                 ,
                 and
                 kept
                 long
                 .
              
               
                 Avicen
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Iuglans
                   ficubus
                   ,
                   &
                   Rutâ
                   medicina
                   omnibus
                   venenis
                   :
                   Wallnuts
                   ,
                   with
                   Figs
                   and
                   Rue
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   preservative
                   against
                   all
                   Poison
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 
                   Schol.
                   Sal.
                
                 Reckons
                 Wallnuts
                 for
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 six
                 things
                 that
                 resist
                 poyson
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Allia
                   ;
                   Nux
                   ,
                   Ruta
                   ,
                   Pyra
                   ,
                   Raphanus
                   cum
                   Theriaca
                   :
                
                 
                   Haec
                   sunt
                   Antidotum
                   contra
                   mortale
                   venenum
                   .
                
                 
                   Garlick
                   ,
                   Rue
                   ,
                   Pears
                   ,
                   Radish
                   ,
                   Treacle
                   ,
                   and
                   Nuts
                   :
                
                 
                   Take
                   these
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   no
                   deadly
                   poyson
                   hurts
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Mithridates
                 the
                 great
                 :
                 his
                 preservative
                 was
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 recorded
                 )
                 
                   Two
                   Wallnuts
                   ,
                   two
                   Figs
                   ,
                   Twenty
                   leaves
                   of
                   Rue
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   grain
                   of
                   Salt
                   stamped
                   together
                   :
                
                 which
                 taken
                 no
                 poyson
                 that
                 day
                 could
                 hurt
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Green
                   Wallnuts
                
                 about
                 Midsommer
                 ,
                 distilled
                 and
                 drunk
                 with
                 Vinegar
                 ,
                 are
                 accounted
                 a
                 certain
                 preservative
                 against
                 the
                 Pestilence
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 milk
                 of
                 the
                 Kernels
                 (
                 as
                 Almond-milk
                 )
                 doth
                 cool
                 and
                 refresh
                 the
                 Appetite
                 of
                 the
                 languishing
                 sick
                 body
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 much
                 for
                 the
                 
                   Alimental
                   ,
                   and
                   Physical
                   use
                   of
                   Fruits
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 Errors
                 Discovered
                 .
              
               
                 HAving
                 shewed
                 some
                 profitable
                 Instructions
                 in
                 this
                 
                   Art
                   of
                   Planting
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 convenient
                 likewise
                 to
                 discover
                 some
                 Errors
                 that
                 I
                 find
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 Theory
                 and
                 Practise
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 men
                 may
                 take
                 heed
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 not
                 men
                 think
                 that
                 
                   Ancient
                   and
                   Learned
                   Authors
                
                 have
                 discovered
                 all
                 Truths
                 :
                 or
                 that
                 all
                 they
                 have
                 said
                 is
                 Truth
                 :
                 they
                 are
                 but
                 men
                 and
                 have
                 their
                 Errors
                 :
                 
                 
                   Humanum
                   est
                   errare
                   ;
                   quandoque
                   bonus
                   dormitat
                   Homerus
                   ,
                
                 as
                 one
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Non
                   est
                   pro
                   magno
                   habendum
                   quid
                   homines
                   senserint
                   ,
                   sed
                   quae
                   sit
                   rei
                   veritas
                   .
                
                 It
                 's
                 not
                 any
                 great
                 matter
                 what
                 men
                 have
                 thought
                 ,
                 but
                 what
                 is
                 the
                 Truth
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 .
                 
                   Quid
                   ad
                   nos
                   ,
                   qui
                   potius
                   de
                   rebus
                   ipsis
                   judicare
                   debemus
                   ?
                
                 What
                 is
                 it
                 to
                 us
                 what
                 men
                 say
                 ,
                 who
                 ought
                 rather
                 to
                 judge
                 of
                 the
                 things
                 that
                 are
                 spoken
                 ?
                 
                   Oporvet
                   edoctum
                   judicare
                
                 :
                 as
                 L.
                 Bacon
                 says
                 .
                 
                 Men
                 that
                 are
                 taught
                 ,
                 must
                 not
                 resign
                 up
                 their
                 Reason
                 to
                 their
                 Teachers
                 ,
                 but
                 judge
                 of
                 what
                 's
                 said
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 great
                 and
                 Learned
                 Authors
                 have
                 asserted
                 very
                 weak
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 altogether
                 untrue
                 .
                 L.
                 Bacon
                 sayes
                 concerning
                 them
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Writings
                   of
                   speculative
                   men
                   upon
                   
                   active
                   matter
                   ,
                   seems
                   to
                   be
                   men
                   of
                   experience
                   ,
                   but
                   as
                   dreams
                   and
                   dotage
                   .
                
                 Indeed
                 they
                 go
                 about
                 to
                 build
                 
                   Castles
                   in
                   the
                   Aire
                
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Proverb
                 is
                 )
                 for
                 as
                 a
                 building
                 cannot
                 be
                 set
                 up
                 without
                 a
                 foundation
                 ,
                 so
                 neither
                 can
                 effests
                 be
                 produced
                 without
                 
                   causes
                   :
                   Nullus
                   effectus
                   datur
                   sine
                   causa
                   .
                
                 They
                 tell
                 us
                 of
                 many
                 great
                 and
                 desirable
                 things
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 discover
                 the
                 causes
                 and
                 means
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 must
                 be
                 effected
                 ,
                 these
                 are
                 (
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 )
                 weak
                 and
                 childish
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 (
                 I
                 suppose
                 )
                 proceeded
                 from
                 them
                 upon
                 their
                 first
                 apprehensions
                 ,
                 without
                 washing
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 scale
                 of
                 Reason
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 trying
                 of
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Touchstone
                   of
                   Experience
                
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 the
                 L.
                 Bac.
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   Those
                   high
                   and
                   vaporous
                   Imaginations
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   a
                   laborious
                   and
                   sober
                   enquiry
                   of
                   truth
                   ,
                   do
                   beget
                   hopes
                   ond
                   beliefs
                   in
                   themselves
                   ,
                   of
                   strange
                   and
                   impossible
                   shapes
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 And
                 elsewhere
                 he
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Causes
                   and
                   Axioms
                   of
                   some
                   ancient
                   and
                   modern
                   writers
                   ,
                   are
                   so
                   full
                   of
                   imagination
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   infected
                   with
                   old
                   receiued
                   Theories
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   mear
                   Inquinatious
                   ,
                   (
                   or
                   defilements
                   )
                   of
                   experience
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 And
                 these
                 he
                 ranks
                 amongst
                 the
                 discredits
                 of
                 Learning
                 ,
                 he
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Many
                   things
                   have
                   been
                   rashly
                   (
                   or
                   with
                   little
                   choice
                   or
                   judgement
                   )
                   received
                   ,
                   and
                   registred
                   ,
                   as
                   appears
                   in
                   
                   the
                   writings
                   of
                   divers
                   Authors
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   every
                   where
                   fraught
                   with
                   forged
                   and
                   fabulous
                   reports
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   not
                   only
                   uncertain
                   ,
                   and
                   untried
                   ,
                   but
                   notoriously
                   untrue
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   great
                   derogation
                   of
                   Natural
                   Phylosophy
                   ,
                   with
                   grave
                   and
                   sober
                   men
                   .
                
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 therefore
                 discover
                 some
                 of
                 these
                 Errors
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 concern
                 this
                 
                   Art
                   of
                   Planting
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 that
                 inexperienced
                 persons
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 deceived
                 by
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 afterwards
                 shew
                 some
                 
                   Errors
                   in
                   the
                   practice
                
                 of
                 this
                 Art
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 avoided
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 divide
                 the
                 Errors
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Theorie
                   (
                   or
                   contemplative
                   part
                
                 )
                 of
                 this
                 Art
                 ,
                 into
                 three
                 sorts
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 sort
                 are
                 ,
                 
                   Instructions
                   hurtful
                   and
                   
                   dangerous
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 second
                 are
                 ,
                 
                   Instructions
                   for
                   effecting
                   
                   of
                   some
                   things
                   impossible
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   by
                   the
                   means
                   prescribed
                   :
                   and
                   others
                   impossible
                   to
                   be
                   effected
                   by
                   any
                   means
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 third
                 sort
                 are
                 ,
                 
                   Assigning
                   wrong
                   causes
                   
                   to
                   Effects
                   .
                
              
               
                 For
                 the
                 first
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 late
                 Author
                 ,
                 giving
                 Instructions
                 for
                 
                 Grafting
                 ,
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Graft
                   the
                   next
                   Spring
                   after
                   remove
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 
                   dangerous
                   Instruction
                
                 ,
                 because
                 Stocks
                 removed
                 ,
                 have
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 
                 wound
                 and
                 repulse
                 by
                 removing
                 only
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 cannot
                 so
                 well
                 bear
                 another
                 so
                 soon
                 after
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 as
                 Grafting
                 would
                 be
                 ,
                 if
                 in
                 ,
                 the
                 cleft
                 :
                 Therefore
                 let
                 stocks
                 removed
                 ,
                 grow
                 a
                 year
                 or
                 two
                 before
                 
                   Grafting
                   ;
                   Reason
                   and
                   Experience
                
                 is
                 clear
                 enough
                 in
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 Theophrastus
                 giving
                 instructions
                 for
                 Planting
                 ,
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   Nullâ
                   radiculorum
                   parte
                   detractâ
                   ,
                   stultum
                   est
                   enim
                   amittere
                   radices
                   quas
                   habemus
                   ,
                   ut
                   acquiramus
                   novas
                   .
                
                 Take
                 away
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 foolish
                 thing
                 to
                 loose
                 those
                 Roots
                 we
                 have
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 get
                 new
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 
                   hurtful
                   and
                   dangerous
                   Instruction
                
                 ,
                 for
                 except
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 small
                 strings
                 ,
                 and
                 roots
                 be
                 cut
                 away
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 ends
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 ones
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 put
                 forth
                 new
                 Roots
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 will
                 if
                 cut
                 :
                 and
                 multitude
                 of
                 Roots
                 hinder
                 the
                 mould
                 from
                 closing
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 of
                 every
                 Root
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 ought
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 therefore
                 some
                 must
                 be
                 cut
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 ends
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 are
                 left
                 ;
                 Experience
                 proves
                 this
                 sufficiently
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 Columella
                 giving
                 
                   instructions
                   for
                   choice
                   of
                   Grafts
                
                 ,
                 
                 this
                 is
                 one
                 ,
                 
                   surculi
                   sint
                   bisulci
                
                 .
                 Let
                 Grafts
                 be
                 double
                 or
                 forked
                 .
                 So
                 Ruelius
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 
                   dangerous
                   and
                   hurtful
                   instruction
                
                 ,
                 because
                 
                   forked
                   ,
                   or
                   double
                   or
                   treble
                   
                   Grafts
                   ,
                
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 die
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 live
                 ,
                 grow
                 poorly
                 ,
                 not
                 a
                 fift
                 or
                 sixt
                 part
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 
                   single
                   and
                   short
                   grafts
                
                 .
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 
                   Bapt.
                   Port.
                
                 giving
                 
                   Instructions
                   
                   for
                   choice
                   of
                   Grafts
                   ,
                
                 says
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 take
                 
                   surculos
                   pregnantes
                   &
                   turgentes
                
                 :
                 Grafts
                 full
                 and
                 swelling
                 with
                 Sap.
                 
                   This
                   is
                   a
                   bad
                   instrution
                
                 :
                 for
                 Grafts
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 before
                 they
                 swell
                 with
                 Sap
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 repulse
                 to
                 Nature
                 to
                 cut
                 them
                 after
                 sap
                 stirs
                 in
                 them
                 :
                 neither
                 will
                 such
                 take
                 hold
                 on
                 the
                 stock
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 indigent
                 ,
                 and
                 needy
                 of
                 sap
                 :
                 therefore
                 let
                 Grafts
                 be
                 cut
                 from
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 
                   before
                   sap
                   stir
                   in
                   them
                
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 says
                 
                   When
                   Grafts
                   put
                   forth
                   ,
                   take
                   
                   away
                   the
                   Clay
                   ,
                   for
                   Clay
                   rather
                   keeps
                   moisture
                   then
                   drought
                   ,
                   save
                   a
                   little
                   in
                   the
                   hole
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 
                   hurtful
                   Instruction
                
                 ;
                 for
                 sap
                 will
                 not
                 cover
                 the
                 head
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 ,
                 nor
                 close
                 up
                 the
                 clefts
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 so
                 soon
                 without
                 Clay
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 it
                 :
                 Clay
                 is
                 as
                 a
                 salve
                 to
                 a
                 wound
                 ,
                 which
                 heals
                 it
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 rather
                 keeps
                 out
                 moysture
                 ,
                 then
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 if
                 well
                 closed
                 ;
                 and
                 also
                 preserves
                 from
                 dry
                 
                   Winds
                   ,
                   Sun
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 annoyances
                 ;
                 therefore
                 keep
                 on
                 the
                 Clay
                 a
                 year
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 head
                 of
                 the
                 Stock
                 be
                 covered
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Cleft
                 healed
                 up
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   When
                   the
                   Grafts
                   have
                   well
                   
                   put
                   forth
                   ,
                   underprop
                   them
                   ,
                   else
                   wrap
                   them
                   
                   one
                   within
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   tye
                   them
                   with
                   wood
                   amongst
                   ,
                   for
                   fear
                   winds
                   break
                   them
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 
                   hurtful
                   and
                   dangerous
                   instruction
                
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 these
                 wayes
                 do
                 fret
                 ,
                 and
                 gall
                 the
                 bark
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 breed
                 the
                 Canker
                 :
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 it
                 hinders
                 the
                 young
                 grafts
                 that
                 they
                 cannot
                 spread
                 into
                 an
                 handsome
                 form
                 :
                 this
                 course
                 brings
                 a
                 certaine
                 mischief
                 to
                 prevent
                 an
                 uncertain
                 :
                 winds
                 hurt
                 but
                 few
                 ,
                 except
                 they
                 be
                 very
                 top-heavy
                 ;
                 if
                 so
                 ,
                 then
                 cut
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 branches
                 till
                 they
                 be
                 grown
                 stronger
                 below
                 ,
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 Top.
                 
              
               
                 
                 Some
                 Authors
                 counsil
                 us
                 to
                 cast
                 
                   glew
                   into
                   the
                   place
                   of
                   Grafting
                   ,
                   to
                   glew
                   together
                   the
                   two
                   substances
                   ,
                   or
                   sprinkle
                   Sugar
                   ,
                   Cinamon
                   ,
                   or
                   sweet
                   liquor
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   fruits
                   may
                   retain
                   the
                   taste
                   .
                
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 
                   hurtful
                   instruction
                
                 ,
                 because
                 liquor
                 (
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 substance
                 )
                 put
                 between
                 the
                 stock
                 and
                 
                   the
                   graft
                
                 ,
                 do
                 hinder
                 (
                 if
                 not
                 spoyle
                 )
                 the
                 joyning
                 of
                 stock
                 and
                 graft
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 this
                 might
                 be
                 done
                 without
                 hurt
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 stock
                 or
                 graft
                 ,
                 yet
                 would
                 it
                 be
                 no
                 way
                 effectual
                 for
                 the
                 End
                 proposed
                 .
                 Of
                 this
                 further
                 ,
                 see
                 pag.
                 84.
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 
                 A
                 late
                 Author
                 say●
                 ,
                 
                   Plant
                   not
                   against
                   a
                   wall
                   ,
                   because
                   a
                   Tree
                   cannot
                   be
                   so
                   long
                   lived
                   ,
                   nor
                   grow
                   to
                   the
                   bigness
                   it
                   else
                   would
                   do
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 
                   hurtful
                   Instruction
                
                 ,
                 because
                 many
                 kinds
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Aprecock
                   ,
                   
                   Peach
                   ,
                   Nectarine
                   ,
                
                 and
                 divers
                 other
                 Trees
                 ,
                 will
                 bear
                 little
                 or
                 no
                 fruit
                 ,
                 except
                 they
                 be
                 planted
                 
                   against
                   a
                   wall
                
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 granted
                 ,
                 that
                 Trees
                 planted
                 against
                 a
                 Wall
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 large
                 as
                 if
                 planted
                 from
                 the
                 Wall
                 :
                 Yet
                 I
                 suppose
                 it
                 's
                 better
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 
                   few
                   small
                   trees
                   ,
                   that
                   bear
                   store
                   of
                   great
                   fruits
                   ;
                   then
                   store
                   of
                   great
                   Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   bear
                   but
                   a
                   few
                   small
                   fruits
                   .
                
              
               
                 Columella
                 ,
                 giving
                 Instructions
                 for
                 removing
                 
                 Plants
                 ,
                 
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Mala
                   aestiva
                   ,
                   Cydonia
                   ,
                   sorbe
                   pruna
                   ,
                   post
                   mediam
                   hyemem
                   usque
                   in
                   Idus
                   Febr.
                   serito
                   :
                   Pyros
                   Autumno
                   ,
                   ante
                   bruman●
                   serito
                   :
                
                 Plant
                 the
                 Sommer
                 Apple
                 ,
                 
                   Quince
                   ,
                   service-tree
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Plum-tree
                 ,
                 after
                 Winter
                 ,
                 in
                 February
                 ,
                 but
                 Pear-trees
                 before
                 Winter
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 hurtful
                 instruction
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 first
                 part
                 :
                 for
                 Trees
                 should
                 be
                 planted
                 in
                 Autumne
                 ,
                 as
                 has
                 beene
                 said
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 Reason
                 why
                 the
                 Sommer
                 Apple-tree
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 planted
                 before
                 Winter
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 for
                 Pear-trees
                 .
                 See
                 at
                 large
                 ,
                 pag.
                 60
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 One
                 adviseth
                 thus
                 :
                 
                   Let
                   the
                   Orchard
                   be
                   seated
                   on
                   some
                   Hill-top
                   ,
                   rather
                   then
                   on
                   plain
                   
                   grounds
                   ,
                   for
                   they
                   have
                   better
                   Aire
                   ,
                   and
                   better
                   prospects
                   ,
                   and
                   also
                   contain
                   a
                   greater
                   number
                   of
                   Trees
                   then
                   plain
                   grounds
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 
                   no
                   good
                   Instruction
                
                 :
                 for
                 
                   Orchards
                   
                   on
                   low
                   and
                   plain
                   grounds
                   ,
                
                 have
                 many
                 advantages
                 of
                 those
                 
                   on
                   high
                   grounds
                
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 soyle
                 of
                 plaine
                 and
                 low
                 grounds
                 ,
                 is
                 commonly
                 more
                 fertil
                 then
                 
                   hill
                   tops
                
                 .
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 
                   low
                   grounds
                
                 are
                 more
                 safe
                 from
                 Winds
                 then
                 hills
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 other
                 Trees
                 planted
                 to
                 secure
                 the
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 
                   hills
                   ,
                   houses
                   or
                   other
                   shelters
                   ;
                   hill
                   tops
                
                 can
                 have
                 no
                 defence
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 
                   prospects
                   on
                   hill
                   tops
                
                 ,
                 men
                 do
                 not
                 plant
                 Orchards
                 for
                 Prospects
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 Fruits
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 
                   good
                   Aire
                
                 ,
                 I
                 suppose
                 there
                 is
                 better
                 Aire
                 (
                 especially
                 at
                 some
                 seasons
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 Orchard
                 
                   on
                   plain
                   grounds
                
                 ,
                 then
                 on
                 hills
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 
                   Blooming
                   time
                   ,
                   winds
                
                 would
                 deprive
                 us
                 of
                 the
                 sweet
                 Aire
                 
                   on
                   hill
                   tops
                
                 ,
                 but
                 on
                 
                   plain
                   grounds
                
                 the
                 Aire
                 is
                 more
                 calme
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 perfume
                 of
                 the
                 blossomes
                 stays
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 as
                 within
                 a
                 perfumed
                 Chamber
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Another
                 Author
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Set
                   the
                   stones
                   of
                   the
                   Pear-plum
                   a
                   foot
                   deep
                   in
                   cold
                   ground
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 
                   hurtful
                   and
                   dangerous
                   Instruction
                
                 .
                 For
                 stones
                 of
                 any
                 Fruits
                 in
                 any
                 ground
                 ,
                 put
                 a
                 
                   foot
                   deep
                
                 ,
                 are
                 rather
                 
                   buried
                   then
                   set
                
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 man
                 shall
                 ne'er
                 see
                 more
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 set
                 stones
                 of
                 any
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 not
                 above
                 two
                 inches
                 deep
                 ,
                 rather
                 something
                 less
                 .
              
               
                 
                 One
                 giving
                 
                   Instructions
                   for
                   Inoculating
                
                 :
                 
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   Take
                   off
                   the
                   bark
                   just
                   upon
                   some
                   bud
                   knob
                   ,
                   and
                   set
                   the
                   other
                   bark
                   thereon
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 
                   hurtful
                   Instruction
                
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 the
                 Bud
                 to
                 be
                 Inoculated
                 be
                 set
                 upon
                 another
                 Bud
                 of
                 the
                 Stock
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 
                   Inoculated
                   bud
                
                 cannot
                 possibly
                 close
                 ,
                 unless
                 the
                 Root
                 of
                 it
                 be
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 root
                 be
                 out
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 spoyled
                 that
                 way
                 :
                 The
                 Author
                 that
                 talks
                 thus
                 ,
                 had
                 never
                 any
                 experience
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Art
                   of
                   Inoculating
                
                 .
                 For
                 buds
                 must
                 be
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   smoothest
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Stock
                
                 ;
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 close
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   Set
                   Apple-trees
                   Twenty
                   
                   foot
                   asunder
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 
                   hurtful
                   and
                   dangerous
                   Instruction
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 practise
                 of
                 it
                 hinders
                 men
                 of
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 Fruits
                 :
                 We
                 see
                 that
                 in
                 many
                 Orchards
                 ,
                 Trees
                 are
                 planted
                 too
                 near
                 together
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 4
                 or
                 5
                 or
                 but
                 6
                 yards
                 asunder
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 too
                 near
                 together
                 :
                 I
                 conceive
                 8
                 or
                 10
                 yards
                 ,
                 or
                 there
                 abouts
                 little
                 enough
                 for
                 the
                 distance
                 of
                 Apple-trees
                 in
                 ordinary
                 soyle
                 :
                 but
                 if
                 very
                 good
                 ground
                 ,
                 14
                 or
                 16
                 yards
                 or
                 more
                 ,
                 if
                 men
                 have
                 room
                 enough
                 ;
                 for
                 we
                 see
                 by
                 experience
                 that
                 upon
                 
                   good
                   ground
                
                 ,
                 and
                 well-ordered
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 touch
                 one
                 another
                 at
                 a
                 greater
                 distance
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 a
                 few
                 Apple-trees
                 having
                 room
                 to
                 spread
                 ,
                 will
                 bear
                 more
                 Fruits
                 then
                 5
                 times
                 so
                 many
                 ,
                 being
                 crouded
                 
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 have
                 no
                 room
                 to
                 spread
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 those
                 fruits
                 they
                 bear
                 cannot
                 come
                 to
                 perfection
                 ,
                 neither
                 in
                 bigness
                 nor
                 ripeness
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 which
                 cannot
                 come
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Trees
                 are
                 planted
                 so
                 near
                 together
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Author
                 speaks
                 of
                 .
                 Of
                 this
                 ,
                 see
                 more
                 largely
                 ;
                 with
                 divers
                 Resons
                 ,
                 pag.
                 65.
                 
              
               
                 
                 Another
                 Author
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Cut
                   away
                   all
                   the
                   idle
                   shoots
                   of
                   the
                   last
                   year
                   ,
                   in
                   your
                   Aprecot
                   and
                   Cherry-trees
                   to
                   make
                   your
                   fruit
                   the
                   fairer
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 hurtful
                 Instruction
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 last
                 years
                 shoots
                 are
                 not
                 idle
                 shoots
                 ,
                 for
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 bear
                 the
                 next
                 year
                 after
                 or
                 the
                 second
                 year
                 without
                 fail
                 :
                 some
                 ignorantly
                 practise
                 according
                 to
                 this
                 instruction
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 hurt
                 to
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 much
                 for
                 the
                 first
                 sort
                 of
                 
                   Errours
                   ;
                   Instructions
                   hurtful
                   and
                   dangerous
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 second
                 sort
                 are
                 ,
                 
                   Instructions
                   for
                   effecting
                   of
                   things
                   impossible
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   by
                   the
                   means
                   prescribed
                   ;
                   and
                   others
                   impossible
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   by
                   any
                   means
                
                 *
                 .
              
               
                 Didymus
                 tells
                 us
                 how
                 we
                 may
                 
                   mix
                   divers
                   kinds
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   make
                   one
                   new
                   kind
                   :
                   Accipienda
                   sunt
                   duo
                   diversi
                   generis
                   
                   sarmenta
                   ,
                   eaque
                   scindenda
                   per
                   medium
                   &c.
                   
                
                 The
                 instruction
                 is
                 too
                 large
                 to
                 shew
                 it
                 verbatim
                 ;
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 summe
                 .
                 
                   Two
                   grafts
                   of
                   divers
                   kinds
                   must
                   be
                   cut
                   through
                   the
                   midst
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   two
                   halves
                   bound
                   together
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   set
                   in
                   the
                   earth
                   ,
                   and
                   watered
                   till
                   they
                   bud
                   forth
                   .
                
              
               
                 Another
                 to
                 the
                 like
                 purpose
                 .
                 
                   Bind
                   the
                   Grafts
                   of
                   a
                   Peach-tree
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   Nut-tree
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Fruit
                   will
                   be
                   half
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   and
                   half
                   Nuts
                
                 ;
                 and
                 again
                 he
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Bind
                   the
                   Grafts
                   of
                   a
                   white
                   Fig-tree
                   and
                   a
                   black
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   plant
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Figs
                   thereof
                   will
                   have
                   the
                   flesh
                   on
                   the
                   one
                   side
                   white
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   black
                   .
                
              
               
                 Rera
                 avis
                 in
                 terris
                 ,
                 nigroque
                 similima
                 Cygno
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 men
                 can
                 but
                 make
                 the
                 Swan
                 and
                 the
                 Raven
                 breed
                 together
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 have
                 a
                 strange
                 kind
                 of
                 Fowl
                 ;
                 a
                 black
                 Swan
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 as
                 soon
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 these
                 Fruits
                 mix
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 instructions
                 ,
                 are
                 ridiculous
                 ,
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 passed
                 over
                 with
                 a
                 Jest
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 men
                 require
                 a
                 serious
                 answer
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 given
                 (
                 truly
                 )
                 by
                 Sir
                 
                   Fr.
                   Bacon
                
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 
                   Nat.
                   Hist.
                
                 besides
                 clear
                 experience
                 confirms
                 it
                 .
                 He
                 says
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Such
                   grafts
                   will
                   put
                   forth
                   their
                   several
                   Fruits
                   without
                   any
                   commixture
                   in
                   the
                   
                   fruit
                   .
                
                 
                 No
                 doubt
                 they
                 will
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 possible
                 for
                 two
                 half
                 grafts
                 (
                 so
                 used
                 )
                 to
                 grow
                 .
                 We
                 see
                 by
                 continual
                 experience
                 ,
                 a
                 small
                 Bud
                 of
                 a
                 Graft
                 (
                 no
                 bigger
                 then
                 a
                 grain
                 of
                 Wheat
                 )
                 will
                 keep
                 it
                 's
                 own
                 nature
                 against
                 a
                 fair
                 large
                 stock
                 of
                 another
                 kind
                 ,
                 being
                 ▪
                 inoculated
                 upon
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 2
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 Another
                 of
                 this
                 kind
                 is
                 laid
                 down
                 by
                 
                   Albert.
                   Mag.
                
                 he
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   Laetamen
                   est
                   unum
                   eorum
                   quae
                   praecipue
                   Plantam
                   mutatur
                   à
                   sylvestritate
                   in
                   domesticationem
                   .
                   Manure
                
                 (
                 or
                 good
                 soyle
                 )
                 
                   is
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   changes
                   wild
                   plants
                   ,
                   into
                   a
                   mild
                   and
                   pleasant
                   nature
                   .
                
                 This
                 cannot
                 be
                 done
                 by
                 any
                 means
                 .
                 Different
                 kinds
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 mix
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 newly
                 mentioned
                 :
                 so
                 neither
                 will
                 they
                 
                   change
                   into
                   another
                   kind
                
                 .
                 Lord
                 Bacon
                 tells
                 us
                 ,
                 
                   It
                   is
                   the
                   seed
                   (
                   of
                   any
                   kind
                   of
                   creature
                   )
                   and
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   locketh
                   and
                   boundeth
                   in
                   the
                   creature
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   doth
                   not
                   expatiate
                   ,
                   or
                   change
                   from
                   one
                   kind
                   to
                   another
                   .
                
                 The
                 seed
                 of
                 every
                 Fruit
                 retaineth
                 strictly
                 ,
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 of
                 which
                 it
                 came
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 changed
                 by
                 any
                 means
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Another
                 of
                 the
                 
                   second
                   sort
                   of
                   Errors
                
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 3
                 Lonicerus
                 gives
                 an
                 Instruction
                 for
                 procuring
                 fruits
                 with
                 an
                 excellent
                 
                   Aromatique
                   
                   and
                   spicy
                   taste
                
                 :
                 it
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 
                   Arborem
                   ad
                   medullam
                   usque
                   scindito
                   ,
                   &
                   ligni
                   parte
                   exectâ
                   ,
                   aromata
                   quae
                   volueris
                   inserito
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 he
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Cut
                   a
                   Tree
                   to
                   the
                   pith
                   ,
                   and
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   wood
                   being
                   cut
                   out
                   ,
                   put
                   in
                   such
                   sweet
                   spices
                   as
                
                 you
                 
                   think
                   good
                   ,
                   then
                   dawb
                   the
                   whole
                   with
                   clay
                   ,
                   after
                   lay
                   the
                   branches
                   of
                   the
                   young
                   plant
                   in
                   the
                   earth
                   ,
                   that
                   by
                   its
                   moysture
                   and
                   fatness
                   ,
                   the
                   branches
                   may
                   unite
                   ,
                   then
                   bind
                   together
                   the
                   young
                   twigs
                   that
                   spring
                   from
                   them
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   made
                   one
                   fruit
                   or
                   branch
                   of
                   divers
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   fruits
                   coming
                   thereof
                   ,
                   retaine
                   the
                   taste
                   of
                   the
                   spices
                   .
                
              
               
                 Another
                 ,
                 whose
                 Book
                 (
                 he
                 says
                 )
                 is
                 published
                 by
                 Authority
                 ,
                 gives
                 this
                 Instruction
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 have
                 coloured
                 Apples
                 ,
                 with
                 what
                 colour
                 you
                 shall
                 think
                 good
                 :
                 
                   Ye
                   shall
                   bore
                   a
                   slope
                   with
                   an
                   Auger
                   in
                   the
                   biggest
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   body
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   unto
                   the
                   midst
                   thereof
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   look
                   what
                   colour
                   ye
                   will
                   have
                   them
                   of
                   ,
                   first
                   ye
                   shall
                   take
                   water
                   ,
                   and
                   mingle
                   your
                   colour
                   therewith
                   ,
                   then
                   stop
                   it
                   up
                   again
                   with
                   a
                   Pin
                   :
                   and
                   wax
                   it
                   round
                   about
                   .
                
              
               
                 Ye
                 may
                 mingle
                 with
                 the
                 said
                 colour
                 what
                 spice
                 ye
                 list
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 tast
                 thereafter
                 :
                 Thus
                 ye
                 may
                 change
                 the
                 tast
                 or
                 colour
                 of
                 any
                 Apples
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 says
                 ,
                 To
                 have
                 
                   Peaches
                   of
                   savor
                   like
                   Musk
                   ;
                   In
                   grafting
                   ,
                   put
                   into
                   the
                   Cleft
                   a
                   grain
                   of
                   Musk
                   :
                   and
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   taste
                   like
                   Roses
                   ,
                   put
                   into
                   the
                   Cleft
                   dried
                   leaves
                   of
                   sweet
                   Roses
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 Another
                 late
                 Author
                 ,
                 says
                 
                   With
                   a
                   Chisel
                   cut
                   up
                   the
                   bark
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   round
                   about
                   ,
                   and
                   anoynt
                   the
                   bark
                   within
                   with
                   Powder
                   of
                   Cloves
                   ,
                   or
                   Nutmegs
                   ,
                   then
                   set
                   it
                   on
                   againe
                   ,
                   and
                   stop
                   it
                   close
                   with
                   wax
                   round
                   about
                   ,
                   and
                   within
                   thrice
                   bearing
                   ,
                   it
                   shall
                   bring
                   a
                   fair
                   Muscadel
                   Fruit
                   which
                   ye
                   may
                   Graft
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   shall
                   be
                   all
                   after
                   Muscadel
                   fruits
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 Author
                 sayes
                 further
                 ,
                 
                   To
                   have
                   all
                   stone
                   fruits
                   taste
                   as
                   ye
                   shall
                   think
                   good
                   ,
                   lay
                   the
                   stones
                   to
                   soak
                   in
                   such
                   liquor
                   as
                   ye
                   would
                   have
                   them
                   taste
                   of
                   .
                
              
               
                 Divers
                 *
                 others
                 speak
                 to
                 the
                 like
                 purpose
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 are
                 strange
                 fancies
                 ,
                 meerly
                 imaginary
                 things
                 ;
                 neither
                 Reason
                 nor
                 Experience
                 ,
                 dictate
                 any
                 such
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 not
                 onely
                 invalid
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 no
                 power
                 at
                 all
                 to
                 effect
                 what
                 they
                 propose
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 also
                 
                   hurtful
                   and
                   dangerous
                
                 to
                 the
                 Trees
                 and
                 Grafts
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 done
                 without
                 danger
                 ,
                 yet
                 are
                 they
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 work
                 any
                 such
                 effects
                 as
                 are
                 promised
                 ;
                 For
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 possible
                 such
                 small
                 proportions
                 as
                 they
                 speak
                 of
                 ,
                 should
                 communicate
                 and
                 transferre
                 their
                 vertues
                 ,
                 
                 through
                 all
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 huge
                 and
                 vast
                 bodies
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 multitudes
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 much
                 less
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 do
                 this
                 for
                 many
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 least
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Grafts
                 (
                 cut
                 from
                 these
                 Trees
                 )
                 should
                 retaine
                 these
                 vertues
                 ,
                 being
                 set
                 on
                 other
                 stocks
                 .
              
               
                 May
                 it
                 reasonably
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 a
                 Mess
                 of
                 sweet
                 and
                 pleasant
                 meat
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 onely
                 a
                 b●t
                 of
                 such
                 meat
                 given
                 to
                 a
                 Child
                 of
                 tender
                 years
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 will
                 retaine
                 the
                 vertues
                 ,
                 and
                 strength
                 of
                 such
                 meat
                 all
                 his
                 life
                 time
                 ;
                 yea
                 ,
                 will
                 transfer
                 the
                 vertues
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 his
                 children
                 after
                 him
                 ;
                 when
                 every
                 one
                 knows
                 the
                 strength
                 and
                 vertue
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 meat
                 and
                 drink
                 (
                 though
                 taken
                 in
                 great
                 quantity
                 )
                 is
                 soon
                 over
                 and
                 spent
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 continued
                 daily
                 supply
                 ,
                 that
                 does
                 uphold
                 and
                 maintaine
                 the
                 body
                 in
                 good
                 state
                 and
                 condition
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 have
                 no
                 reason
                 to
                 believe
                 that
                 the
                 vertues
                 and
                 strength
                 of
                 any
                 dainty
                 dish
                 will
                 contiue
                 so
                 long
                 with
                 us
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Eliah's
                   Morsel
                   of
                   Meat
                
                 did
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 which
                 yet
                 was
                 but
                 forty
                 days
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 was
                 a
                 Mirac●●
                 too
                 :
                 how
                 much
                 less
                 reason
                 have
                 we
                 to
                 think
                 it
                 will
                 last
                 many
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 Is
                 there
                 not
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 reason
                 for
                 this
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 Admit
                 it
                 were
                 possible
                 that
                 a
                 small
                 quantity
                 of
                 
                   sweet
                   spices
                
                 should
                 
                 transfuse
                 ,
                 and
                 communicate
                 its
                 properties
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 a
                 Tree
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 would
                 not
                 continue
                 long
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 a
                 continued
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   daily
                   supply
                   of
                   such
                   sweet
                   things
                
                 as
                 must
                 work
                 that
                 effect
                 ,
                 if
                 possibly
                 such
                 a
                 thing
                 may
                 be
                 by
                 any
                 means
                 .
                 Creatures
                 retain
                 those
                 properties
                 that
                 are
                 fixed
                 ,
                 and
                 radicated
                 in
                 them
                 
                   by
                   nature
                
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 
                   innate
                   and
                   intrinsical
                   form
                
                 ,
                 but
                 easily
                 and
                 quickly
                 cast
                 off
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 
                   adventitious
                   and
                   accidental
                
                 ,
                 as
                 these
                 things
                 are
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Another
                 of
                 the
                 
                   second
                   sort
                   of
                   Errors
                
                 ,
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Lonicerus
                 gives
                 an
                 Instruction
                 to
                 procure
                 
                   coloured
                   fruits
                   :
                   Ramo
                   Cerasi
                   (
                   sive
                   alterius
                   Arboris
                   )
                   scisso
                   ad
                   medullam
                   ,
                   Lazurium
                   aliumve
                   colorem
                   inserito
                   ,
                   sic
                   eundem
                   fructus
                   resert
                
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 
                   Put
                   into
                   the
                   bough
                   of
                   a
                   Cherry
                   tree
                   (
                   or
                   any
                   other
                   Tree
                   )
                   cut
                   to
                   the
                   pith
                   ,
                   the
                   Azure-stone
                   ,
                   (
                   which
                   is
                   partly
                   green
                   ,
                   and
                   partly
                   blew
                   )
                   or
                   any
                   other
                   colour
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   means
                   to
                   colour
                   the
                   fruits
                   of
                   such
                   trees
                   .
                
              
               
                 P●uelius
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Non
                   desunt
                   qui
                   sub
                   Arbores
                   Rosas
                   serunt
                   ,
                   sic
                   rubra
                   Poma
                   dari
                   promittunt
                   .
                   Some
                   set
                   Roses
                   under
                   fruit-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   say
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   the
                   Trees
                   will
                   bring
                   forth
                   Red
                   fruits
                   .
                
                 So
                 
                   Democritus
                   ,
                   Si
                   voles
                   rubrum
                   habere
                   ,
                   obtinebis
                   ,
                   Rosis
                   purpureis
                   sub
                   abore
                
                 (c)
                 consitis
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 same
                 instruction
                 is
                 given
                 by
                 a
                 late
                 English
                 Author
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 says
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 
                   coloured
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   colour
                   the
                   kernels
                   within
                   the
                   stones
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   fruits
                   will
                   be
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   colour
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 Authour
                 sayes
                 ,
                 To
                 have
                 Red
                 Apples
                 ,
                 put
                 the
                 Grafs
                 into
                 Pikes-blood
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 see
                 their
                 prescriptions
                 for
                 rare
                 coloured
                 fruits
                 ;
                 which
                 are
                 as
                 far
                 off
                 from
                 
                   Truth
                   or
                   Reason
                
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 former
                 concerning
                 fruits
                 of
                 an
                 
                   aromatique
                   or
                   spicy
                   taste
                
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 things
                 are
                 not
                 onely
                 dangerous
                 (
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 if
                 tried
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 not
                 so
                 ,
                 yet
                 are
                 weak
                 ,
                 and
                 invalid
                 towards
                 the
                 working
                 of
                 any
                 such
                 effects
                 .
                 Because
                 colour
                 is
                 an
                 accident
                 ,
                 cleaving
                 to
                 some
                 substance
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 the
                 substance
                 is
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 and
                 converted
                 into
                 another
                 body
                 ,
                 it
                 looseth
                 its
                 accidents
                 which
                 it
                 had
                 before
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   colour
                   ,
                   shape
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 as
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 
                   cloth
                   ,
                   wood
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 being
                 burned
                 ,
                 rotten
                 ,
                 or
                 otherwise
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 does
                 loose
                 its
                 colour
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 accidents
                 that
                 it
                 had
                 before
                 its
                 change
                 .
                 And
                 
                   coloured
                   Meats
                
                 ,
                 eaten
                 and
                 turned
                 into
                 
                   flesh
                   ,
                   blood
                   ,
                   and
                   spirits
                   ,
                
                 loose
                 their
                 
                   colours
                   ,
                   taste
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 We
                 well
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 we
                 drink
                 
                   Red
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 or
                 liquor
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 colour
                 ,
                 or
                 what
                 coloured
                 meats
                 soever
                 we
                 eat
                 ,
                 the
                 〈…〉
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 substance
                 
                 changed
                 ,
                 the
                 tasts
                 and
                 colours
                 ,
                 are
                 also
                 changed
                 ,
                 even
                 to
                 contraries
                 .
                 So
                 the
                 juyce
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 
                   white
                   ,
                   black
                   ,
                   brown
                
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 colour
                 ,
                 yet
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 drawn
                 by
                 Roots
                 ,
                 for
                 instance
                 ,
                 Carrots
                 ,
                 then
                 it
                 is
                 turned
                 into
                 a
                 Yellow
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Reddish
                   colour
                
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 drawn
                 by
                 Turneps
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 then
                 converted
                 into
                 a
                 
                   white
                   colour
                
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 were
                 quite
                 contrary
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 also
                 of
                 Liquors
                 ,
                 (
                 or
                 other
                 things
                 of
                 delicate
                 colours
                 )
                 being
                 converted
                 into
                 the
                 substance
                 of
                 
                   Trees
                   ,
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   Leaves
                   ,
                
                 they
                 loose
                 their
                 former
                 colours
                 ,
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 glorious
                 and
                 beautiful
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 great
                 quantities
                 of
                 coloured
                 liquors
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 substances
                 ,
                 cannot
                 produce
                 coloured
                 fruits
                 ,
                 how
                 much
                 more
                 impossible
                 is
                 it
                 that
                 a
                 drop
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 of
                 any
                 coloured
                 thing
                 ,
                 should
                 do
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 only
                 
                   colouring
                   kernels
                
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 speaks
                 of
                 )
                 which
                 could
                 not
                 become
                 Trees
                 of
                 many
                 years
                 after
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 clear
                 ,
                 that
                 Fruits
                 convert
                 the
                 substances
                 they
                 draw
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 natures
                 ,
                 and
                 receive
                 thereby
                 little
                 or
                 no
                 alteration
                 ,
                 unless
                 by
                 a
                 constant
                 and
                 continual
                 supply
                 from
                 year
                 to
                 year
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 so
                 small
                 and
                 inconsiderable
                 (
                 as
                 to
                 these
                 things
                 of
                 taste
                 and
                 colour
                 )
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 regarded
                 .
                 Indeed
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 Tree
                 grows
                 continually
                 in
                 a
                 
                   wet
                   foggy
                   place
                
                 (
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 continued
                 cause
                 )
                 the
                 fruits
                 may
                 be
                 
                 tainted
                 therewith
                 ;
                 but
                 a
                 small
                 quantity
                 thereof
                 ,
                 
                   a
                   few
                   drops
                   or
                   spoonfuls
                
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 vertue
                 whereof
                 is
                 suddenly
                 gone
                 )
                 cannot
                 do
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Concerning
                 ●etting
                 
                   Rose-trees
                   under
                   other
                   Trees
                   ,
                   to
                   produce
                   coloured
                   fruits
                   ,
                
                 it
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 ridiculous
                 conceits
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 read
                 ,
                 what
                 is
                 it
                 that
                 should
                 work
                 the
                 effect
                 :
                 may
                 it
                 be
                 imagined
                 that
                 the
                 Trees
                 can
                 see
                 the
                 
                   Red
                   Roses
                
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 
                   Iacobs
                   sheep
                
                 did
                 the
                 Rods
                 in
                 the
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 bring
                 forth
                 fruits
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 colour
                 ;
                 can
                 any
                 man
                 apprehend
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 a
                 colour
                 ,
                 or
                 shadow
                 of
                 a
                 Reason
                 for
                 it
                 ?
              
            
             
               
                 Another
                 of
                 the
                 
                   second
                   sort
                   of
                   Errors
                
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 Affricanus
                 gives
                 an
                 instruction
                 to
                 procure
                 
                 
                   Walnuts
                   without
                   husks
                
                 :
                 
                 
                   Nuces
                   nudas
                   &
                   sine
                   putaminibus
                   edent
                   Iuglandes
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   Walnut-trees
                   (
                   he
                   says
                   )
                   do
                   bring
                   sorth
                   ba●e
                   Nuts
                   without
                   husks
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   husk
                   and
                   shell
                   be
                   broken
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   kernel
                   taken
                   out
                   without
                   hurt
                   ,
                   and
                   wrapped
                   in
                   wool
                   ,
                   or
                   fresh
                   Vine-leaves
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   kernels
                   may
                   be
                   preserved
                   from
                   Ants
                   ,
                   or
                   other
                   things
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   set
                   in
                   the
                   earth
                   again
                   .
                
              
               
                 Florentine
                 affirms
                 the
                 like
                 of
                 
                   Almonds
                   ,
                   if
                   ashes
                   be
                   sprinkled
                   in
                   the
                   holes
                   where
                   they
                   
                   are
                   set
                   .
                
                 So
                 another
                 late
                 Author
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 of
                 
                   Walnuts
                   and
                   Almonds
                   ,
                   but
                   of
                   all
                   other
                   shell
                   fruits
                   .
                
              
               
                 Were
                 it
                 not
                 a
                 wonderful
                 sight
                 ,
                 to
                 see
                 
                   Walnuts
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   Nuts
                
                 ,
                 to
                 grow
                 without
                 husks
                 ,
                 we
                 know
                 the
                 Nuts
                 of
                 themselves
                 have
                 no
                 stalk
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 then
                 should
                 they
                 grow
                 upon
                 the
                 Tree
                 without
                 husks
                 to
                 inclose
                 them
                 .
                 What
                 is
                 it
                 that
                 should
                 work
                 this
                 strange
                 effect
                 ?
                 Is
                 it
                 because
                 the
                 kernels
                 are
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 ground
                 without
                 shels
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Tree
                 springs
                 from
                 the
                 kernels
                 onely
                 ?
                 Do
                 not
                 all
                 Trees
                 spring
                 from
                 the
                 kernels
                 onely
                 ,
                 though
                 set
                 with
                 their
                 shells
                 ?
                 the
                 
                   husk
                   and
                   shell
                
                 contribute
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 towards
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 they
                 open
                 for
                 the
                 kernel
                 to
                 spring
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 rot
                 themselves
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Another
                 of
                 this
                 
                   second
                   sort
                
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 
                 A
                 late
                 Author
                 gives
                 Instructions
                 about
                 early
                 fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 late
                 ;
                 and
                 change
                 of
                 fruits
                 by
                 Grafting
                 ;
                 he
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   If
                   you
                   graft
                   a
                   late
                   fruit
                   upon
                   an
                   early
                   Stock
                   ,
                   the
                   fruit
                   will
                   be
                   early
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   you
                   graft
                   an
                   early
                   fruit
                   upon
                   a
                   late
                   stock
                   ,
                   the
                   fruit
                   will
                   be
                   late
                   .
                   As
                   if
                
                 (
                 saith
                 he
                 )
                 
                   you
                   graft
                   Apples
                   on
                   Mulberry
                   trees
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   you
                   shall
                   have
                   fruit
                   all
                   sommer
                   ,
                   even
                   till
                   November
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   if
                   you
                   graft
                   a
                   Plumtree
                   on
                   
                   the
                   Nut-tree
                   ,
                   the
                   husk
                   will
                   be
                   like
                   the
                   Nut-husk
                   ,
                   but
                   within
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   a
                   Plum.
                   Or
                   if
                   you
                   graft
                   a
                   Plum
                
                 (
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 fruit
                 )
                 
                   on
                   the
                   Fig-tree
                   ,
                   the
                   fruit
                   will
                   grow
                   without
                   Blossoming
                   .
                
              
               
                 These
                 things
                 cannot
                 be
                 ;
                 for
                 first
                 ,
                 contrary
                 kinds
                 will
                 not
                 grow
                 together
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Plum-tree
                   ,
                   and
                   Fig-tree
                   ,
                   or
                   Plum-tree
                   ,
                   and
                   Nut-tree
                
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 different
                 sorts
                 would
                 agree
                 ,
                 and
                 grow
                 together
                 ,
                 yet
                 these
                 effects
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 ,
                 because
                 
                   Grafts
                   do
                   alwayes
                   rule
                   ,
                   and
                   keep
                   their
                   own
                   natures
                   ,
                
                 or
                 alter
                 very
                 little
                 .
                 
                   L.
                   B.
                   in
                   his
                   Nat.
                   Hist.
                
                 sayes
                 painly
                 ;
                 
                 these
                 are
                 imaginations
                 and
                 untrue
                 ,
                 because
                 (
                 saith
                 he
                 )
                 the
                 Cions
                 overrule
                 the
                 stock
                 quite
                 .
                 So
                 again
                 ,
                 pag.
                 97.
                 which
                 experience
                 confirms
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Another
                 of
                 the
                 
                   second
                   sort
                   of
                   Errors
                
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 Democritus
                 (
                 as
                 one
                 affirms
                 )
                 gives
                 an
                 Instruction
                 for
                 procuring
                 fruits
                 with
                 
                   Inscriptions
                   ,
                   and
                   ingravings
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                
                 in
                 any
                 figure
                 or
                 shape
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 this
                 purpose
                 :
                 
                   Open
                   the
                   shell
                   of
                   an
                   Almond
                   ,
                   and
                   write
                   upon
                   the
                   kernel
                   what
                   you
                   will
                   ,
                   and
                   wrap
                   it
                   in
                   paper
                   ,
                   and
                   set
                   it
                   in
                   Clay
                   mingled
                   with
                   Swines
                   dung
                   .
                
              
               
                 A
                 late
                 Author
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   Steep
                   the
                   stones
                   of
                   Peaches
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   dayes
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   open
                   
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   a
                   brass
                   Pen
                   write
                   on
                   the
                   rinde
                   of
                   the
                   kernels
                   ,
                   after
                   put
                   them
                   again
                   into
                   the
                   stones
                   ,
                   and
                   wrap
                   them
                   about
                   with
                   paper
                   ,
                   or
                   parchment
                   ,
                   and
                   plant
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   fruit
                   will
                   be
                   written
                   and
                   engraven
                   .
                
              
               
                 Is
                 not
                 this
                 an
                 odd
                 conceit
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   writing
                   upon
                   the
                
                 (a)
                 kernel
                 ,
                 should
                 produce
                 fruits
                 
                   written
                   or
                   engraven
                
                 ?
                 A
                 man
                 (
                 no
                 doubt
                 )
                 with
                 as
                 good
                 success
                 may
                 ingrave
                 ,
                 or
                 write
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   shell
                   or
                   huske
                
                 of
                 an
                 Almond
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 fruit
                 ,
                 as
                 upon
                 the
                 kernel
                 ;
                 or
                 if
                 he
                 will
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   paper
                   or
                   parchment
                
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 inwrapt
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 Rind
                 of
                 the
                 Kernel
                 contributes
                 nothing
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Tree
                   or
                   Fruit
                
                 ,
                 but
                 opens
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Husk
                 or
                 shell
                 )
                 to
                 let
                 out
                 the
                 
                   inner
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   kernel
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   vegetative
                   vertue
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   internal
                   form
                
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 a
                 man
                 desires
                 to
                 have
                 fruits
                 with
                 
                   Inscriptions
                   and
                   Engravings
                
                 ,
                 he
                 must
                 take
                 another
                 course
                 ,
                 prescribed
                 by
                 a
                 Learned
                 *
                 Author
                 (
                 upon
                 better
                 grounds
                 )
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 
                   by
                   writing
                   upon
                   the
                   fruits
                   with
                   a
                   needle
                   or
                   bodkin
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   fruits
                   are
                   young
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   they
                   grow
                   bigger
                   ,
                   so
                   the
                   Letters
                   will
                   grow
                   more
                   large
                   and
                   graphical
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 Concerning
                 the
                 
                   second
                   sort
                   of
                   Errors
                
                 thus
                 much
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 were
                 easie
                 to
                 mention
                 many
                 more
                 as
                 idle
                 as
                 these
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 trouble
                 my
                 
                 self
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Reader
                 with
                 them
                 at
                 present
                 :
                 onely
                 I
                 say
                 in
                 the
                 general
                 ,
                 let
                 men
                 take
                 ●eed
                 of
                 such
                 things
                 asserted
                 by
                 Authours
                 ,
                 ●●
                 have
                 neither
                 
                   Reason
                   nor
                   Experience
                
                 to
                 uphold
                 them
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 spend
                 their
                 
                   money
                   ,
                   labour
                   ,
                   and
                   time
                
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 instead
                 of
                 profits
                 and
                 pleasures
                 ,
                 find
                 discouragements
                 and
                 trouble
                 ,
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 third
                 sort
                 of
                 Errors
                 are
                 ,
                 
                   Assigning
                   wrong
                   causes
                   to
                   effects
                
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 of
                 these
                 Errors
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 some
                 have
                 conceived
                 ,
                 1
                 that
                 
                   Grafting
                   is
                   the
                   cause
                   of
                   early
                   bearing
                   of
                   fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   doth
                   much
                   better
                   all
                   fruit
                   .
                   Albert.
                   Mag.
                
                 says
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 better
                 ,
                 
                   Propter
                   digestionem
                   Succi
                   in
                   nodo
                   factam
                   :
                
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 digestion
                 of
                 the
                 sap
                 in
                 the
                 knot
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 also
                 Cressentius
                 :
                 
                 and
                 addes
                 ,
                 
                   Et
                   iste
                   nodus
                   facit
                   diversitatem
                   omnem
                   ,
                   quae
                   est
                   in
                   Malis
                   ,
                   &
                   Pyris
                   ,
                   &
                   caeteris
                   fructibus
                   :
                
                 The
                 knot
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 between
                 the
                 
                   Graft
                   and
                   the
                   Stock
                
                 )
                 makes
                 all
                 the
                 difference
                 which
                 is
                 found
                 in
                 
                   Pears
                   ,
                   Apples
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 fruits
                 :
                 
                   Bapt.
                   Port.
                
                 likewi●e
                 ascribes
                 all
                 to
                 grafting
                 :
                 
                 He
                 says
                 ,
                 Trees
                 coming
                 of
                 seed
                 ,
                 
                   Longa
                   est
                   expectatio
                   ad
                   fructuum
                   productionem
                   :
                   Insitio
                   vero
                   in
                   aliquibus
                   eodem
                   Anno
                   producit
                   .
                
                 Trees
                 coming
                 of
                 seed
                 ,
                 are
                 long
                 ere
                 they
                 
                 bear
                 fruit
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 Grafted
                 ,
                 some
                 kind
                 bear
                 in
                 a
                 year
                 or
                 two
                 .
                 So
                 also
                 
                   Columell
                   Lib.
                   de
                   Arbor
                   .
                   pag.
                
                 490.
                 
                 
                   Lo.
                   Bac.
                
                 wanted
                 some
                 experience
                 in
                 this
                 point
                 ,
                 who
                 sayes
                 
                   There
                   is
                   no
                   doubt
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   Grafting
                   (
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   )
                   doth
                   meliorate
                   fruit
                   :
                
                 and
                 again
                 ,
                 
                   Grafting
                   doth
                   generally
                   advance
                   ,
                   and
                   meliorate
                   fruits
                   above
                   that
                   which
                   they
                   would
                   be
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   set
                   of
                   kernels
                   or
                   stones
                   .
                   The
                   cause
                
                 (
                 saith
                 he
                 )
                 
                   is
                   manifest
                   ,
                   for
                   that
                   the
                   nourishment
                   is
                   better
                   prepared
                   in
                   the
                   stock
                   then
                   in
                   the
                   crude
                   earth
                   .
                
              
               
                 I
                 say
                 herein
                 these
                 
                   Authors
                   assign
                   a
                   wrong
                   Cause
                   to
                   an
                   effest
                   ;
                   for
                   simply
                   grafting
                
                 contributes
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 early
                 bearing
                 of
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 nor
                 to
                 its
                 goodness
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Cause
                 is
                 in
                 
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   the
                   Grafts
                
                 :
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 Grafts
                 cut
                 from
                 
                   bearing
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 
                   good
                   kinds
                
                 ,
                 they
                 bear
                 good
                 fruits
                 in
                 a
                 year
                 or
                 two
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 Grafts
                 from
                 
                   young
                   unbearing
                   Trees
                   ,
                   coming
                   of
                   seed
                   ,
                
                 such
                 Grafts
                 will
                 not
                 bear
                 the
                 sooner
                 for
                 Grafting
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 
                   simply
                   Grafting
                
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 knot
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Authors
                 speak
                 of
                 )
                 that
                 makes
                 Trees
                 bear
                 one
                 year
                 ,
                 one
                 day
                 the
                 sooner
                 :
                 for
                 if
                 so
                 ,
                 then
                 grafts
                 from
                 
                   young
                   unbearing
                   trees
                
                 ,
                 coming
                 of
                 seed
                 ,
                 grafted
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 as
                 good
                 stocks
                 as
                 other
                 grafts
                 from
                 
                   old
                   bearing
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 bear
                 Fruits
                 the
                 one
                 sort
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 
                 other
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 otherwise
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Cause
                 lies
                 not
                 
                   simply
                   in
                   Grafting
                
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Nature
                   of
                   the
                   Grafts
                
                 .
              
               
                 Neither
                 doth
                 Grafting
                 make
                 Fruits
                 (
                 at
                 ●ll
                 )
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 then
                 as
                 you
                 chose
                 
                   grafts
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   kind
                
                 ,
                 for
                 we
                 know
                 
                   Grafts
                   rule
                
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 their
                 
                   own
                   Natures
                
                 :
                 onely
                 with
                 some
                 small
                 advantage
                 from
                 the
                 
                   stock
                   ,
                   ●f
                   special
                   stocks
                
                 ,
                 or
                 prejudice
                 if
                 a
                 very
                 
                   bad
                   stock
                
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Cause
                 is
                 not
                 well
                 assign'd
                 by
                 the
                 Author
                 ,
                 who
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   It
                   is
                   for
                   that
                   the
                   nourishment
                   is
                   better
                   prepared
                   in
                   the
                   stock
                   ,
                   then
                   in
                   the
                   crude
                   earth
                   :
                
                 for
                 we
                 know
                 the
                 
                   branches
                   of
                   an
                   ungrafted
                   tree
                
                 ,
                 receive
                 sap
                 not
                 immediately
                 from
                 the
                 
                   crude
                   Earth
                
                 ,
                 but
                 from
                 a
                 stock
                 or
                 body
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 branches
                 of
                 the
                 Grafted-tree
                 :
                 the
                 stock
                 of
                 the
                 Grafted-tree
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 wild
                 stock
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Nature
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 the
                 stock
                 or
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 ungrafted-tree
                 :
                 they
                 are
                 both
                 alike
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 concoction
                 and
                 nourishment
                 in
                 both
                 ,
                 is
                 alike
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Cause
                   being
                   a
                   like
                
                 ,
                 why
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 effect
                 alike
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 plaine
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 Cause
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Cause
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Graft
                 ,
                 
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 stock
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 nourishment
                 be
                 never
                 so
                 
                   well
                   concocted
                   in
                   the
                   stock
                
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 Fruit
                 is
                 not
                 made
                 better
                 or
                 worse
                 ,
                 
                   simply
                   by
                   Grafting
                
                 :
                 The
                 Authour
                 asserts
                 this
                 Truth
                 plainely
                 elsewhere
                 :
                 
                   The
                   Graft
                
                 (
                 saith
                 he
                 )
                 
                   over-ruleth
                   
                   the
                   Stock
                
                 :
                 and
                 again
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   graft
                   will
                   govern
                
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 they
                 keep
                 the
                 Nature
                 and
                 properties
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 from
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 gotten
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Another
                 of
                 the
                 
                   third
                   sort
                   of
                   Errors
                
                 ,
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 2
                 A
                 late
                 Author
                 sayes
                 :
                 the
                 Cause
                 why
                 Trees
                 bear
                 not
                 fruit
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 years
                 after
                 Grafting
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 
                   because
                   they
                   were
                   grafted
                   in
                   the
                   old
                   of
                   the
                   Moon
                   :
                   for
                
                 (
                 saith
                 he
                 )
                 
                   so
                   many
                   dayes
                   as
                   the
                   Moou
                   is
                   old
                   when
                   you
                   Graft
                   ,
                   so
                   many
                   years
                   will
                   the
                   graft
                   be
                   ere
                   it
                   bear
                   fruit
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Cause
                   is
                   here
                   mistaken
                
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Moon
                 hath
                 no
                 such
                 influence
                 upon
                 fruit-trees
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 withhold
                 their
                 fruits
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 :
                 Men
                 (
                 we
                 see
                 by
                 experience
                 )
                 graft
                 in
                 all
                 seasons
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 ,
                 and
                 find
                 no
                 such
                 difference
                 in
                 the
                 bearing
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 :
                 The
                 chief
                 
                   Causes
                   of
                   unfruitfulness
                
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 are
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 
                   Country
                   where
                   they
                   are
                   planted
                
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 
                   When
                   the
                   Grafts
                   are
                   chosen
                   from
                   young
                   ,
                   wild
                   ,
                   unbearing
                   Trees
                   ;
                   or
                   such
                   as
                   naturally
                   bear
                   little
                   or
                   seldome
                   .
                
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 
                   Repletion
                   ,
                   or
                   overmuch
                   nourishment
                
                 .
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 
                   Coldness
                   or
                   overmoistness
                   of
                   the
                   ground
                   .
                
              
               
                 Fifthly
                 ,
                 
                   Frosts
                   or
                   cold
                   winds
                   in
                   the
                   spring
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 Thirdly
                 .
                 Another
                 of
                 the
                 
                   third
                   sort
                   of
                   Errors
                
                 ,
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 conceive
                 that
                 
                   Sap
                   in
                   Trees
                   doth
                   descend
                   from
                   the
                   Branches
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   which
                   causeth
                   several
                   effects
                   ;
                   as
                   falling
                   of
                   the
                   leaves
                   ,
                   goodness
                   of
                   the
                   Roots
                   of
                   divers
                   Plants
                   for
                   use
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 but
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 these
                 Effects
                 is
                 mistaken
                 ,
                 for
                 Sap
                 in
                 Trees
                 never
                 descends
                 ,
                 but
                 always
                 ascends
                 :
                 And
                 
                   leaves
                   of
                   Trees
                   fall
                   in
                   Autumne
                   ,
                
                 not
                 because
                 
                   Sap
                   descends
                   from
                   them
                
                 ▪
                 but
                 because
                 
                   Sap
                   ascends
                   not
                   to
                   them
                
                 ,
                 sufficient
                 to
                 nourish
                 ,
                 or
                 feed
                 them
                 any
                 longer
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 if
                 
                   Roots
                   are
                   best
                   in
                   Autumne
                
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 
                   Caused
                   by
                   descent
                   of
                   Sap
                
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Body
                 and
                 Branches
                 of
                 a
                 Tree
                 in
                 Autumne
                 ,
                 draw
                 but
                 a
                 small
                 quantity
                 of
                 Sap
                 from
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Roots
                 
                   even
                   then
                
                 ,
                 draw
                 sap
                 from
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 increase
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 well
                 stored
                 with
                 sap
                 after
                 the
                 branches
                 have
                 done
                 increasing
                 :
                 and
                 there
                 the
                 sap
                 rests
                 chiefly
                 
                   at
                   that
                   season
                
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 who
                 hold
                 
                   descending
                   of
                   Sap
                
                 ,
                 may
                 (
                 perhaps
                 )
                 confirme
                 their
                 Opinion
                 from
                 small
                 springs
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 Plants
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 removed
                 in
                 Autumne
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 true
                 ,
                 The
                 Roots
                 of
                 Plants
                 set
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 September
                 (
                 or
                 about
                 that
                 time
                 )
                 do
                 spring
                 forth
                 a
                 little
                 at
                 the
                 cut
                 ends
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 
                 before
                 Winter
                 ,
                 
                   not
                   because
                   Sap
                   descend●
                   from
                   the
                   Branches
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                
                 for
                 though
                 all
                 the
                 Branches
                 are
                 cut
                 off
                 before
                 setting
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 sometimes
                 they
                 are
                 )
                 yet
                 the
                 Roots
                 will
                 spring
                 then
                 ,
                 because
                 some
                 degree
                 of
                 heat
                 ,
                 (
                 proportionable
                 to
                 that
                 purpose
                 )
                 is
                 ,
                 at
                 that
                 season
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 immediate
                 foregoing
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 Plants
                 set
                 while
                 this
                 heat
                 lasteth
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 germinate
                 ,
                 &
                 spring
                 forth
                 in
                 their
                 roots
                 before
                 Winter
                 :
                 (
                 the
                 husbandman
                 knows
                 in
                 this
                 season
                 it
                 is
                 best
                 to
                 sow
                 his
                 Wheat
                 and
                 Rye
                 :
                 )
                 And
                 also
                 because
                 the
                 Sun
                 (
                 as
                 yet
                 )
                 hath
                 an
                 influence
                 sufficient
                 to
                 make
                 seeds
                 ,
                 and
                 Plants
                 to
                 spring
                 forth
                 ,
                 which
                 towards
                 December
                 it
                 hath
                 not
                 ,
                 being
                 then
                 too
                 remote
                 from
                 us
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 
                   descending
                   of
                   Sap
                
                 that
                 causeth
                 these
                 effects
                 .
              
               
                 
                 The
                 learned
                 
                   Lord
                   Bacon
                
                 did
                 not
                 well
                 consider
                 this
                 point
                 ,
                 who
                 supposed
                 
                   a
                   descention
                   of
                   Sap
                   in
                   Autumne
                   ,
                
                 speaking
                 concerning
                 setting
                 a
                 Bough
                 in
                 the
                 ground
                 prepared
                 by
                 disbarking
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Cause
                   why
                   it
                   will
                   soon
                   after
                   be
                   a
                   faire
                   Tree
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   this
                   ,
                   the
                   baring
                   of
                   the
                   Barke
                   keepeth
                   the
                   Sap
                   from
                   descending
                   towards
                   Winter
                
                 :
                 here
                 's
                 
                   a
                   wrong
                   Cause
                   assigned
                   to
                   an
                   effect
                   ,
                
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 supposed
                 keeping
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 (
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 he
                 speaks
                 of
                 )
                 that
                 Causeth
                 such
                 a
                 Bough
                 to
                 
                 grow
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 cause
                 is
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 such
                 a
                 bough
                 by
                 disbarking
                 ,
                 hath
                 got
                 some
                 small
                 Roots
                 or
                 strings
                 ,
                 (
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 some
                 roughness
                 or
                 knobs
                 capable
                 of
                 Roots
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 
                   passage
                   up
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                
                 ,
                 whereby
                 (
                 being
                 set
                 )
                 it
                 will
                 become
                 a
                 Tree
                 in
                 certaine
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Opinion
                 of
                 
                   descention
                   of
                   Sap
                   in
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 
                 is
                 an
                 old
                 Error
                 of
                 many
                 years
                 standing
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 radicated
                 in
                 the
                 minds
                 of
                 most
                 men
                 :
                 yea
                 ,
                 many
                 using
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 similitude
                 to
                 illustrate
                 some
                 spiritual
                 matter
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 real
                 and
                 undoubted
                 truth
                 ,
                 whereas
                 it
                 is
                 but
                 a
                 weak
                 and
                 groundless
                 conceit
                 ,
                 and
                 contrary
                 both
                 to
                 reason
                 and
                 experience
                 ,
                 taken
                 up
                 by
                 men
                 from
                 hand
                 to
                 hand
                 ,
                 without
                 consideration
                 ,
                 or
                 weighing
                 of
                 it
                 with
                 reason
                 and
                 judgment
                 .
                 I
                 will
                 therefore
                 lay
                 it
                 open
                 more
                 plainly
                 ,
                 and
                 demonstrate
                 and
                 prove
                 the
                 Truth
                 concerning
                 the
                 
                   motion
                   of
                   Sap
                   in
                   Trees
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 first
                 Argument
                 against
                 
                   descention
                   of
                   Sap.
                
                 
              
               
                 
                   Sap
                   in
                   Trees
                   always
                   moves
                   upwards
                   ,
                
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 Law
                 and
                 course
                 of
                 Nature
                 for
                 
                   sap
                   to
                   descend
                   :
                   Natura
                   nil
                   agit
                   frustra
                   ,
                
                 Nature
                 does
                 nothing
                 in
                 vain
                 .
                 Now
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 vain
                 work
                 in
                 Nature
                 to
                 cause
                 
                   sap
                   
                   to
                   ascend
                   up
                   in
                   the
                   branches
                   ,
                   to
                   descend
                   again
                   to
                   the
                   Roots
                
                 ;
                 the
                 Roots
                 send
                 Sap
                 to
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 the
                 Branches
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 .
                 When
                 it
                 once
                 comes
                 into
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 converted
                 into
                 
                   Wood
                   ,
                   Bark
                   ,
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 Whence
                 is
                 all
                 that
                 great
                 
                   Bulk
                   and
                   Body
                
                 which
                 we
                 see
                 a
                 Tree
                 arise
                 to
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 years
                 ;
                 if
                 Sap
                 should
                 descend
                 one
                 while
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 ascends
                 another
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 follow
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 a
                 Tree
                 increaseth
                 by
                 
                   ascension
                   of
                   Sap
                
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 would
                 
                   descrease
                   by
                   its
                   descension
                
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 may
                 be
                 more
                 clear
                 if
                 we
                 consider
                 the
                 cause
                 why
                 
                   Sap
                   in
                   trees
                   stirs
                   and
                   ascends
                   ,
                
                 and
                 also
                 why
                 it
                 riseth
                 not
                 after
                 such
                 a
                 time
                 to
                 make
                 any
                 growth
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Sun
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 of
                 the
                 year
                 by
                 degrees
                 drawes
                 nearer
                 to
                 us
                 ,
                 then
                 
                   Sap
                   in
                   Trees
                
                 begins
                 (
                 by
                 its
                 heat
                 and
                 influence
                 )
                 to
                 move
                 ,
                 to
                 swell
                 ,
                 and
                 open
                 the
                 Buds
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 cause
                 the
                 branches
                 to
                 shoot
                 forth
                 ,
                 which
                 increase
                 by
                 it
                 all
                 the
                 Summer
                 :
                 and
                 as
                 the
                 Sun
                 (
                 by
                 degrees
                 )
                 draws
                 nearer
                 ,
                 and
                 grows
                 hotter
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 Sap
                 (
                 by
                 degrees
                 )
                 increaseth
                 ,
                 and
                 riseth
                 more
                 plentifully
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Sun
                 is
                 nearest
                 ,
                 then
                 Trees
                 are
                 fullest
                 of
                 Sap.
                 
              
               
                 Now
                 observe
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 the
                 vicinity
                 and
                 nearness
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 by
                 degrees
                 )
                 the
                 sap
                 is
                 increased
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 so
                 likewise
                 by
                 the
                 Sunnes
                 remoteness
                 and
                 absence
                 ,
                 
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 also
                 by
                 degrees
                 )
                 in
                 his
                 going
                 back
                 again
                 ;
                 the
                 Sap
                 is
                 also
                 diminished
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 ascending
                 less
                 and
                 less
                 in
                 quantity
                 ,
                 until
                 the
                 Sun
                 be
                 gone
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 us
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 heat
                 and
                 influence
                 of
                 it
                 be
                 so
                 weak
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 works
                 not
                 to
                 cause
                 sap
                 to
                 rise
                 up
                 ,
                 whereby
                 the
                 branches
                 may
                 increase
                 any
                 longer
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 Branches
                 and
                 Buds
                 of
                 Trees
                 are
                 all
                 at
                 a
                 stand
                 ,
                 and
                 grow
                 no
                 more
                 until
                 the
                 next
                 Spring
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 leaves
                 loose
                 their
                 beauty
                 ,
                 and
                 fall
                 off
                 ,
                 because
                 
                   Sap
                   riseth
                   not
                   up
                   sufficient
                   to
                   feed
                   them
                   any
                   longer
                   ,
                
                 but
                 onely
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 to
                 preserve
                 life
                 in
                 the
                 Tree
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 second
                 Argument
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 cause
                 to
                 produce
                 such
                 an
                 effect
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 would
                 fain
                 know
                 (
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 hold
                 
                   descention
                   of
                   Sap
                
                 )
                 what
                 should
                 
                   cause
                   it
                   to
                   descend
                
                 ,
                 for
                 ,
                 
                   Nullus
                   effectus
                   datur
                   sine
                   causa
                
                 :
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 effect
                 without
                 a
                 cause
                 ;
                 they
                 cannot
                 say
                 that
                 as
                 
                   heat
                   causeth
                   it
                   to
                   ascend
                
                 ,
                 so
                 
                   cold
                   causeth
                   it
                   to
                   descend
                
                 :
                 Cold
                 never
                 
                   causeth
                   sap
                
                 to
                 stir
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 stand
                 or
                 move
                 slowly
                 .
                 Cold
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 condensing
                 nature
                 ,
                 and
                 does
                 constipate
                 ,
                 and
                 fix
                 rare
                 &
                 fluid
                 bodies
                 ;
                 if
                 cold
                 should
                 cause
                 
                   sap
                   to
                   descend
                
                 ,
                 then
                 as
                 the
                 cold
                 increaseth
                 ,
                 sap
                 would
                 
                   descend
                   more
                
                 &
                 more
                 in
                 quantity
                 ;
                 as
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 heat
                 increaseth
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Spring
                   and
                   Sommer
                
                 ,
                 the
                 sap
                 in
                 Trees
                 also
                 increaseth
                 in
                 quantity
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 so
                 ,
                 what
                 would
                 become
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 ?
                 But
                 if
                 sap
                 of
                 its
                 own
                 nature
                 would
                 descend
                 ,
                 yet
                 there
                 is
                 none
                 in
                 the
                 Branches
                 
                   at
                   that
                   season
                   of
                   the
                   year
                   ,
                
                 that
                 they
                 can
                 spare
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 that
                 has
                 ascended
                 in
                 the
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 is
                 converted
                 into
                 the
                 substance
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 its
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 Fruits
                 .
              
               
                 Concerning
                 that
                 Objection
                 that
                 is
                 made
                 against
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 as
                 an
                 Argument
                 that
                 
                   sap
                   descends
                
                 ,
                 viz.
                 That
                 if
                 we
                 disbarke
                 a
                 bough
                 or
                 branch
                 when
                 sap
                 is
                 up
                 ,
                 an
                 inch
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 up
                 mould
                 about
                 the
                 disbarked
                 place
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 small
                 Roots
                 in
                 the
                 upper
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 place
                 so
                 disbarked
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 say
                 they
                 )
                 are
                 caused
                 by
                 the
                 
                   descension
                   of
                   Sap
                
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 bough
                 to
                 that
                 part
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 this
                 I
                 Answer
                 ,
                 That
                 such
                 Roots
                 are
                 not
                 made
                 by
                 any
                 
                   descension
                   of
                   Sap
                
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 
                   ascension
                   of
                   Sap
                
                 ;
                 for
                 sap
                 ascends
                 up
                 into
                 such
                 a
                 bough
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 disbarked
                 part
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 pith
                 and
                 
                   pores
                   of
                   the
                   wood
                
                 ,
                 though
                 in
                 smaller
                 quantity
                 then
                 it
                 would
                 do
                 if
                 the
                 bark
                 were
                 on
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 plain
                 ,
                 because
                 such
                 a
                 bough
                 does
                 grow
                 and
                 shoot
                 forth
                 ,
                 and
                 bear
                 fruit
                 after
                 disbarking
                 ,
                 which
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 
                   rising
                   up
                   of
                   Sap.
                
                 Now
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 sap
                 in
                 its
                 rising
                 
                 up
                 ,
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 pendulous
                 about
                 that
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 does
                 somewhat
                 hang
                 or
                 rest
                 at
                 the
                 upper
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 disbarked
                 place
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 edge
                 of
                 the
                 bark
                 ;
                 having
                 recourse
                 to
                 this
                 (b)
                 
                   wounded
                   part
                
                 ,
                 in
                 greater
                 quantity
                 then
                 to
                 any
                 other
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 moisture
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 breaks
                 forth
                 into
                 some
                 small
                 Roots
                 in
                 some
                 kinds
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 or
                 into
                 some
                 roughness
                 ,
                 and
                 small
                 knubs
                 like
                 Roots
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 cannot
                 be
                 caused
                 by
                 
                   descension
                   of
                   Sap
                
                 ,
                 if
                 any
                 were
                 :
                 for
                 such
                 as
                 hold
                 
                   descension
                   of
                   Sap
                
                 ,
                 pretend
                 not
                 to
                 it
                 until
                 Autu●●e
                 ,
                 or
                 about
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 September
                 ;
                 Now
                 these
                 Roots
                 are
                 made
                 long
                 before
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 in
                 *
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 rising
                 up
                 of
                 Sap
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 said
                 ,
                 (
                 especially
                 if
                 the
                 bough
                 be
                 disbarked
                 in
                 May.
                 )
                 Can
                 the
                 effect
                 be
                 before
                 the
                 Cause
                 ?
                 can
                 Roots
                 be
                 made
                 in
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 by
                 Sap
                 that
                 descends
                 in
                 Autumne
                 ?
                 if
                 any
                 such
                 thing
                 were
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 this
                 Argument
                 for
                 
                   descension
                   of
                   Sap
                
                 ,
                 is
                 of
                 no
                 weight
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 weak
                 and
                 childish
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 The
                 third
                 Argument
                 against
                 descension
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 Circulation
                 of
                 Sap
                 :
                 
                   It
                   is
                   contrary
                   to
                   its
                   Nature
                   .
                
              
               
                 As
                 concerning
                 
                   Circulation
                   of
                   sap
                   in
                   Sommer
                
                 ,
                 which
                 some
                 also
                 hold
                 ;
                 I
                 apprehend
                 no
                 more
                 ground
                 for
                 that
                 ,
                 then
                 for
                 
                   descension
                   in
                   Autumne
                
                 ?
                 For
                 as
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 cause
                 to
                 work
                 such
                 an
                 effect
                 ,
                 so
                 neither
                 is
                 it
                 natural
                 to
                 sap
                 to
                 have
                 such
                 a
                 motion
                 of
                 it self
                 .
                 For
                 ,
                 Plants●n
                 ●n
                 some
                 sort
                 like
                 a
                 
                   thin
                   airy
                   vapour
                
                 from
                 some
                 moist
                 substance
                 partly
                 caused
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 :
                 
                 the
                 Sun
                 is
                 the
                 
                   efficient
                   cause
                
                 of
                 the
                 
                   rising
                   up
                   of
                   Sap
                
                 ,
                 though
                 also
                 (
                 and
                 principally
                 )
                 the
                 
                   vegetative
                   spirit
                
                 (
                 excited
                 by
                 th●●un
                 )
                 carries
                 it
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 disperseth
                 it
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 parts
                 for
                 nourishment
                 and
                 growth
                 :
                 )
                 Now
                 ,
                 we
                 know
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 descending
                 of
                 Vapors
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 they
                 
                   ascended
                   .
                   Vapors
                
                 come
                 not
                 down
                 again
                 to
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 until
                 they
                 be
                 condensed
                 ,
                 and
                 thickned
                 into
                 
                   Rain
                   ,
                   Snow
                   ,
                   Hail
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 When
                 they
                 are
                 become
                 
                   a
                   ponderous
                   and
                   weighty
                   substance
                
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 naturally
                 tend
                 downwards
                 ,
                 not
                 whil'st
                 they
                 are
                 a
                 
                   leight
                   airy
                   substance
                
                 :
                 so
                 is
                 it
                 concerning
                 
                   Sap
                   in
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 it
                 ascends
                 (
                 partly
                 by
                 attraction
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 by
                 the
                 Native
                 spirit
                 )
                 as
                 a
                 
                   thin
                   airy
                   substance
                   ,
                   subtile
                   ,
                   
                   light
                   spirituous
                   ,
                
                 as
                 well
                 through
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 the
                 wood
                 ,
                 as
                 between
                 the
                 bark
                 and
                 the
                 wood
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 rises
                 more
                 plentifully
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 more
                 condensed
                 .
                 Now
                 ,
                 while
                 it
                 is
                 thus
                 light
                 and
                 vaporous
                 ,
                 it
                 can
                 neither
                 descend
                 nor
                 Circulate
                 ,
                 for
                 every
                 
                   leight
                   body
                
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 
                   flame
                   ,
                   aire
                   ,
                   smoak
                   ,
                   vapors
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 ascends
                 upwards
                 ,
                 (
                 
                   omne
                   leve
                   sursum
                
                 )
                 and
                 cannot
                 descend
                 or
                 fall
                 downwards
                 ,
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 an
                 
                   heavy
                   thing
                
                 (
                 as
                 such
                 )
                 can
                 rise
                 or
                 
                   ascend
                   upwards
                
                 by
                 its
                 own
                 natural
                 motion
                 .
                 Indeed
                 when
                 sap
                 is
                 turned
                 into
                 
                   wood
                   ,
                   leaves
                   ,
                   buds
                   ,
                   blossomes
                
                 and
                 fruits
                 ,
                 these
                 things
                 have
                 some
                 ponderosity
                 or
                 we●ght
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 naturally
                 
                   discend
                   ,
                   Omne
                   grave
                   deorsum
                
                 ,
                 As
                 aire
                 and
                 vapors
                 ,
                 being
                 condensed
                 ,
                 and
                 become
                 water
                 in
                 the
                 Clouds
                 ,
                 do
                 naturally
                 fall
                 downwards
                 ;
                 but
                 whatsoever
                 is
                 a
                 
                   thin
                   ,
                   aerious
                   ,
                   light
                
                 body
                 ,
                 
                   ascends
                   upwards
                
                 ,
                 and
                 cannot
                 (
                 as
                 such
                 )
                 neither
                 descend
                 nor
                 *
                 circulate
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   such
                   a
                   substance
                   is
                   Sap
                   in
                   Trees
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Appetite
                   of
                   the
                   Spirit
                   in
                   all
                   Vegetables
                   is
                   upwards
                   .
                
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 an
                 
                   innate
                   spirit
                
                 in
                 Trees
                 and
                 all
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 
                 (
                 which
                 some
                 call
                 the
                 Soul
                 of
                 Plants
                 )
                 yea
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 bodies
                 animate
                 and
                 inanimate
                 ;
                 this
                 Sir
                 
                   Fran.
                   Bacon
                
                 hath
                 abundantly
                 set
                 forth
                 :
                 This
                 Spirit
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 
                 shews
                 )
                 is
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 )
                 a
                 compound
                 of
                 flame
                 and
                 aire
                 ,
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 flammeous
                 and
                 
                   aerious
                   Nature
                
                 .
                 Now
                 ,
                 this
                 being
                 the
                 Vehicle
                 or
                 means
                 of
                 conveyance
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 unto
                 all
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 (
                 every
                 Twig
                 and
                 bud
                 of
                 it
                 )
                 its
                 appetite
                 is
                 upwards
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 light
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 light
                 things
                 naturally
                 
                   ascend
                   upwards
                
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 was
                 said
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 downwards
                 ,
                 unless
                 it
                 be
                 to
                 observe
                 a
                 
                   Law
                   in
                   Nature
                
                 in
                 avoiding
                 a
                 Vacuum
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 .
                 The
                 greater
                 quantity
                 of
                 Spirit
                 there
                 is
                 in
                 any
                 creature
                 ,
                 the
                 leighter
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 either
                 animate
                 ,
                 or
                 inanimate
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 the
                 
                   lively
                   spirit
                
                 .
                 If
                 it
                 be
                 said
                 this
                 
                   spirit
                   in
                   Trees
                
                 exerts
                 it self
                 downwards
                 in
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 upwards
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 so
                 much
                 ▪
                 and
                 so
                 farre
                 as
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 foundation
                 to
                 support
                 the
                 
                   body
                   and
                   branches
                
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 draw
                 nourishment
                 for
                 
                   feeding
                   &
                   increase
                
                 thereof
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 doth
                 but
                 only
                 in
                 a
                 subserviency
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 and
                 branches
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 the
                 Roots
                 spread
                 wide
                 ,
                 yet
                 depth
                 is
                 but
                 little
                 to
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 a
                 Tree
                 ;
                 the
                 Roots
                 spread
                 ,
                 and
                 run
                 as
                 near
                 the
                 superficies
                 and
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 still
                 an
                 appetite
                 upwards
                 ,
                 as
                 near
                 the
                 Sun
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 
                   sap
                   and
                   moisture
                
                 which
                 this
                 spirit
                 carries
                 upwards
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 by
                 far
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 )
                 it
                 never
                 carries
                 down
                 again
                 ;
                 being
                 against
                 its
                 nature
                 to
                 descend
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 leight
                 body
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 The
                 Fifth
                 Argument
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 further
                 as
                 another
                 Argument
                 from
                 Experience
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 obvious
                 to
                 our
                 very
                 sence
                 ;
                 we
                 see
                 ,
                 and
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 we
                 bend
                 down
                 a
                 bough
                 of
                 a
                 Tree
                 upon
                 a
                 wall
                 ,
                 towards
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 to
                 cause
                 it
                 to
                 grow
                 and
                 spread
                 as
                 near
                 the
                 bottome
                 of
                 the
                 wall
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 we
                 find
                 (
                 I
                 say
                 )
                 how
                 poorly
                 such
                 boughs
                 do
                 grow
                 ,
                 shooting
                 forth
                 but
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 a
                 part
                 dies
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 all
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 shews
                 its
                 against
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 Sap
                 to
                 descend
                 or
                 circulate
                 ;
                 for
                 otherwise
                 why
                 are
                 not
                 such
                 boughs
                 (
                 so
                 
                   bended
                   downwards
                
                 )
                 as
                 plentifully
                 fed
                 with
                 sap
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 grow
                 straight
                 up
                 ,
                 or
                 straight
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 bowed
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 :
                 so
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 plasht
                 hedges
                 ,
                 if
                 boughs
                 be
                 laid
                 too
                 low
                 ,
                 they
                 die
                 ,
                 or
                 grow
                 poorly
                 ;
                 but
                 we
                 see
                 the
                 Sap
                 presses
                 upwards
                 ,
                 with
                 vigor
                 and
                 violence
                 ;
                 the
                 boughs
                 and
                 branches
                 that
                 grow
                 upwards
                 ,
                 shoot
                 forth
                 strongly
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 full
                 fed
                 ,
                 but
                 such
                 as
                 bow
                 down
                 low
                 ,
                 are
                 almost
                 starved
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 its
                 plain
                 ,
                 its
                 as
                 much
                 against
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 Sap
                 to
                 descend
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 circulate
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 for
                 water
                 to
                 ascend
                 ;
                 which
                 yet
                 we
                 know
                 by
                 Art
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 to
                 ascend
                 in
                 Pipes
                 ,
                 from
                 below
                 ,
                 as
                 high
                 as
                 the
                 fountaine
                 or
                 spring
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 no
                 higher
                 ;
                 for
                 its
                 
                   natural
                   motion
                
                 is
                 to
                 descend
                 ;
                 so
                 sap
                 ,
                 though
                 its
                 natural
                 motion
                 be
                 upwards
                 ,
                 yet
                 by
                 Art
                 ,
                 (
                 being
                 ascended
                 up
                 into
                 a
                 branch
                 )
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 somewhat
                 forced
                 downwards
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 very
                 hardly
                 ,
                 slowly
                 ,
                 and
                 weakly
                 ,
                 although
                 to
                 the
                 nourishment
                 &
                 keeping
                 life
                 in
                 any
                 of
                 its
                 parts
                 ,
                 or
                 branches
                 so
                 bowed
                 down
                 ,
                 which
                 plainly
                 shews
                 how
                 much
                 against
                 its
                 nature
                 this
                 motion
                 of
                 descension
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 of
                 Circulation
                 is
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Sixth
                 Argument
                 against
                 descention
                 of
                 Sap.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 to
                 prove
                 this
                 more
                 fully
                 and
                 clearly
                 by
                 a
                 plain
                 undeniable
                 Argument
                 .
                 
                   If
                   there
                   be
                   a
                   continual
                   ascension
                   of
                   Sap
                   in
                   Trees
                   ,
                   then
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   descention
                   ,
                   but
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   continual
                   ascension
                   ,
                   therefore
                   no
                   descension
                   .
                
              
               
                 To
                 prove
                 the
                 
                   Minor
                   Proposition
                   :
                   That
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   continual
                   ascension
                   of
                   sap
                   in
                   Trees
                
                 ▪
              
               
                 The
                 Sun
                 and
                 Aire
                 continually
                 draw
                 sap
                 and
                 moisture
                 out
                 of
                 Trees
                 and
                 other
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 the
                 Lord
                 Bacon
                 and
                 others
                 conclude
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 appear
                 by
                 
                   reason
                   and
                   experience
                
                 :
                 We
                 know
                 ,
                 if
                 Branches
                 and
                 Twigs
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 being
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 aside
                 in
                 the
                 Sun
                 and
                 Aire
                 but
                 a
                 
                 few
                 dayes
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 contracted
                 and
                 wrinckled
                 ;
                 the
                 aire
                 draws
                 out
                 the
                 Sap
                 and
                 moisture
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 having
                 no
                 supply
                 of
                 sap
                 from
                 the
                 Root
                 ,
                 they
                 quickly
                 wither
                 .
                 Now
                 ,
                 know
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 sun
                 and
                 aire
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 operation
                 upon
                 the
                 li●ing
                 
                   Branches
                   and
                   Twigs
                
                 ;
                 drawing
                 sap
                 and
                 moisture
                 continually
                 out
                 of
                 them
                 likewise
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 contracted
                 and
                 wrinkled
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 continual
                 supply
                 of
                 Sap
                 from
                 the
                 Root
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 Winter
                 as
                 in
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 which
                 keeps
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 full
                 dimensions
                 without
                 wrinkling
                 or
                 contracting
                 .
              
               
                 Further
                 observe
                 ,
                 to
                 prove
                 this
                 .
                 If
                 we
                 remove
                 
                   Plants
                   in
                   September
                
                 ,
                 or
                 about
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 pretended
                 season
                 of
                 
                   descention
                   of
                   Sap
                
                 )
                 and
                 let
                 them
                 lie
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 a
                 day
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 find
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sun
                 and
                 Aire
                 will
                 (
                 in
                 that
                 short
                 time
                 )
                 have
                 rockt
                 and
                 drawn
                 out
                 
                   sap
                   and
                   moisture
                
                 from
                 the
                 branches
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 apparently
                 shrunk
                 and
                 contracted
                 .
                 (
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 some
                 branches
                 so
                 much
                 wrinkled
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 questioned
                 whether
                 they
                 were
                 dead
                 or
                 alive
                 .
                 )
                 But
                 after
                 the
                 Plants
                 have
                 been
                 set
                 certain
                 days
                 ,
                 
                   so
                   much
                   sap
                   will
                   be
                   ascended
                   ,
                
                 ●u
                 will
                 again
                 have
                 filled
                 up
                 the
                 wrinkled
                 or
                 contracted
                 bark
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 evident
                 and
                 apparent
                 hereby
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 small
                 quantity
                 
                 of
                 sap
                 hath
                 
                   (
                   even
                   then
                   )
                   ascended
                
                 into
                 the
                 branches
                 since
                 their
                 setting
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 so
                 ,
                 th●●
                 it
                 's
                 clear
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 
                   decension
                   of
                   sap
                
                 :
                 for
                 c●●
                 any
                 thing
                 move
                 contrary
                 ways
                 at
                 one
                 lime
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 we
                 graft
                 in
                 
                   November
                   and
                   December
                
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 done
                 with
                 good
                 success
                 (
                 the
                 very
                 dead
                 time
                 of
                 Winter
                 )
                 the
                 grafts
                 have
                 some
                 small
                 supply
                 of
                 sap
                 even
                 then
                 ,
                 else
                 the
                 Sun
                 and
                 Aire
                 would
                 spoyle
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 daily
                 sucking
                 out
                 their
                 moisture
                 ,
                 were
                 there
                 not
                 supply
                 of
                 Sap
                 from
                 the
                 Root
                 ,
                 sufficient
                 t●
                 keep
                 them
                 alive
                 until
                 the
                 spring
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 manifest
                 then
                 from
                 what
                 hath
                 been
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 s●●
                 in
                 Trees
                 
                   ascends
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   Autumn
                   and
                   Winter
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   Sommer
                   ,
                
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 to
                 preserve
                 life
                 in
                 Trees
                 ,
                 by
                 supplying
                 what
                 is
                 extract●●
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Sun
                   and
                   Aire
                
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 upon
                 this
                 also
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 concluded
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 
                   descention
                   of
                   sap
                
                 ;
                 unless
                 men
                 will
                 hold
                 that
                 a
                 thin●
                 may
                 move
                 several
                 ways
                 ,
                 
                   upwards
                   and
                   downwards
                
                 ,
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 which
                 i●
                 a
                 contradiction
                 ,
                 and
                 impossible
                 in
                 nature
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 much
                 concerning
                 the
                 
                   three
                   sorts
                   of
                   Errors
                   in
                   the
                   Theory
                   of
                   this
                   Art.
                   
                
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 
                   Instructions
                   hurtful
                   and
                   dangerous
                
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 
                   Instructions
                   for
                   effecting
                   somethings
                   impossible
                   to
                   be
                   effected
                   by
                   the
                   mean
                   prescribed
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   impossible
                   to
                   be
                   effected
                   by
                   any
                   means
                   .
                
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 
                   Assigning
                   wrong
                   Causes
                   to
                   effects
                
                 
                 will
                 now
                 discover
                 some
                 Errors
                 that
                 I
                 find
                 
                   in
                   the
                   practise
                   of
                   this
                   Art
                   of
                   Planting
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 avoided
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 One
                 
                   Error
                   in
                   Practise
                
                 ,
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Planting
                   Trees
                   too
                   near
                   together
                
                 :
                 1
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 and
                 general
                 Error
                 ,
                 many
                 think
                 the
                 more
                 Trees
                 they
                 have
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 fruit
                 :
                 but
                 a
                 few
                 having
                 room
                 enough
                 to
                 spread
                 ,
                 will
                 bear
                 more
                 fruits
                 then
                 many
                 crouded
                 ●●e
                 upon
                 another
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 custome
                 is
                 ,
                 and
                 fruits
                 will
                 also
                 be
                 better
                 when
                 the
                 Sunne
                 may
                 come
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 Trees
                 .
                 I
                 account
                 8
                 or
                 10
                 yards
                 a
                 competent
                 distance
                 for
                 
                   Apple-trees
                   and
                   Pear-trees
                
                 upon
                 ordinary
                 soyle
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 the
                 ground
                 be
                 special
                 good
                 ,
                 then
                 give
                 them
                 the
                 more
                 room
                 ;
                 for
                 standard
                 
                   Cherry
                   trees
                   ,
                   Plum-trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 5
                 or
                 6
                 yards
                 is
                 a
                 convenient
                 distance
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Another
                 Error
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 
                   Plant
                   Fruit
                   trees
                   unfit
                   for
                   the
                   Country
                
                 where
                 they
                 Plant
                 them
                 :
                 2
                 Their
                 care
                 is
                 chiefly
                 to
                 chuse
                 grafts
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 kinds
                 ,
                 and
                 fair
                 Plants
                 to
                 look
                 upon
                 ,
                 not
                 considering
                 so
                 much
                 ,
                 whether
                 such
                 kinds
                 will
                 prosper
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 bear
                 fruits
                 well
                 in
                 those
                 Clymates
                 ,
                 and
                 places
                 where
                 they
                 plant
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 hence
                 it
                 is
                 often
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 who
                 have
                 faire
                 and
                 goodly
                 fruit-trees
                 ,
                 have
                 very
                 little
                 fruit
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 an
                 excellent
                 rule
                 to
                 chuse
                 those
                 kinds
                 of
                 fruits
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 (
                 or
                 others
                 )
                 find
                 by
                 many
                 years
                 experience
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 good
                 bearing
                 Trees
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 nearest
                 to
                 us●
                 although
                 the
                 fruits
                 be
                 not
                 altogether
                 so
                 good
                 as
                 some
                 others
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 This
                 is
                 another
                 Error
                 .
              
               
                 3
                 Many
                 men
                 when
                 they
                 procure
                 Fruit-trees
                 to
                 plant
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 they
                 (
                 most
                 commonly
                 )
                 desire
                 the
                 
                   greatest
                   and
                   fairest
                   Plants
                
                 ,
                 hoping
                 such
                 will
                 be
                 Trees
                 the
                 soonest
                 ;
                 whereas
                 
                   great
                   Trees
                
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 die
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 live
                 very
                 poorly
                 ,
                 but
                 small
                 Plants
                 removed
                 ,
                 live
                 generally
                 ,
                 and
                 thrive
                 more
                 in
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 years
                 ,
                 then
                 great
                 ones
                 in
                 six
                 or
                 seven
                 ;
                 for
                 removing
                 great
                 Trees
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 check
                 to
                 nature
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 many
                 times
                 it
                 s
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 recover
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Another
                 
                   Error
                   in
                   practise
                
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 4
                 Men
                 generally
                 leave
                 
                   too
                   many
                   branches
                   on
                   the
                   Trees
                   they
                   Plant
                   ,
                
                 and
                 will
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 have
                 
                   Branches
                   cut
                   off
                
                 ,
                 whereas
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 
                 disbranching
                 Trees
                 ,
                 they
                 loose
                 
                   branches
                   ,
                   body
                   ,
                   roots
                
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 .
                 If
                 they
                 will
                 Plant
                 great
                 Trees
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 disbranch
                 them
                 ,
                 small
                 ones
                 need
                 not
                 ,
                 or
                 very
                 little
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Another
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 men
                 neglect
                 to
                 Plant
                 their
                 young
                 Trees
                 
                   in
                   as
                   good
                   or
                   better
                   soyle
                   ,
                
                 5
                 then
                 that
                 from
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 removed
                 .
                 They
                 fetch
                 them
                 from
                 Nurseries
                 about
                 London
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 generally
                 of
                 very
                 (
                 fertil
                 soyle
                 )
                 and
                 plant
                 them
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 in
                 ordinary
                 or
                 poor
                 soyle
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 die
                 ,
                 or
                 grow
                 weakly
                 :
                 Whereas
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 lay
                 special
                 soyle
                 (
                 the
                 best
                 they
                 can
                 get
                 )
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 which
                 having
                 taken
                 hold
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 well
                 rooted
                 in
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 thrust
                 their
                 roots
                 ,
                 and
                 grow
                 well
                 in
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 worse
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Another
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 in
                 Grafting
                 ,
                 6
                 take
                 care
                 to
                 set
                 the
                 
                   Graft
                   and
                   Stock
                   even
                   and
                   smooth
                   on
                   the
                   outside
                   ,
                
                 not
                 considering
                 that
                 the
                 bark
                 of
                 the
                 stocks
                 are
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 )
                 thicker
                 then
                 the
                 bark
                 of
                 the
                 grafts
                 .
                 Whereas
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 take
                 special
                 care
                 to
                 
                   set
                   the
                   inner-sides
                   
                   of
                   the
                   Barks
                   together
                   ,
                
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Rule
                 in
                 Grafting
                 )
                 because
                 there
                 is
                 the
                 chief
                 current
                 of
                 the
                 Sap.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Another
                 Error
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 7
                 
                   Grafting
                   long
                   or
                   forked
                   Grafts
                
                 :
                 commonly
                 ,
                 the
                 longer
                 grafts
                 are
                 ,
                 the
                 less
                 they
                 grow
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 shorter
                 they
                 are
                 cut
                 ,
                 the
                 longer
                 they
                 grow
                 in
                 a
                 year
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 forked
                 Grafts
                 ,
                 either
                 they
                 take
                 not
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 grow
                 but
                 poorly
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Another
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 8
                 Many
                 let
                 their
                 
                   Fruit-trees
                   grow
                   straight
                   up
                   very
                   high
                   ,
                   before
                   they
                   spread
                   into
                   boughs
                   ,
                
                 and
                 they
                 are
                 rather
                 like
                 Timber-trees
                 for
                 building
                 ,
                 then
                 Fruit-trees
                 for
                 bearing
                 Fruits
                 .
              
               
                 Whereas
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 Top
                 while
                 the
                 Plant
                 is
                 young
                 ,
                 about
                 an
                 Ell
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 yard
                 and
                 half
                 from
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 the
                 Plant
                 may
                 spread
                 and
                 enlarge
                 it self
                 :
                 and
                 one
                 Tree
                 well
                 ordered
                 in
                 this
                 respect
                 for
                 spreading
                 ,
                 will
                 have
                 as
                 many
                 small
                 boughs
                 (
                 and
                 consequently
                 will
                 bear
                 as
                 much
                 fruit
                 )
                 as
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 of
                 such
                 Trees
                 as
                 runne
                 spiring
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 height
                 without
                 spreading
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 Another
                 Error
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 give
                 
                   too
                   much
                   nourishment
                   to
                   some
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                
                 9
                 Letting
                 some
                 fat
                 water
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 run
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 or
                 lie
                 too
                 near
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 by
                 powring
                 ,
                 or
                 laying
                 some
                 fertil
                 substance
                 to
                 their
                 Roots
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 (
                 sometimes
                 )
                 more
                 need
                 to
                 deprive
                 them
                 of
                 their
                 too
                 fat
                 feeding
                 ,
                 which
                 causeth
                 them
                 to
                 luxuriate
                 ,
                 and
                 spend
                 their
                 strength
                 in
                 great
                 and
                 large
                 shoots
                 ,
                 and
                 broad
                 leaves
                 and
                 blossomes
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 off
                 bearing
                 fruits
                 :
                 Nourishment
                 to
                 Fruit-trees
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 moderate
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 other
                 creatures
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Another
                 
                   Error
                   in
                   practise
                
                 ,
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 in
                 pruning
                 Aprecot-trees
                 ,
                 10
                 and
                 other
                 Wall-trees
                 ,
                 they
                 prune
                 off
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 
                   fresh
                   young
                   branches
                   of
                   the
                   last
                   years
                   shoot
                   ,
                
                 and
                 preserve
                 the
                 
                   old
                   and
                   big
                   branches
                
                 ,
                 suffering
                 them
                 to
                 run
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 wall
                 without
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 very
                 few
                 small
                 twigs
                 or
                 branches
                 .
                 Whereas
                 they
                 should
                 still
                 from
                 year
                 to
                 year
                 ,
                 preserve
                 the
                 small
                 shoots
                 ,
                 nailing
                 them
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 wall
                 yearly
                 ,
                 (
                 all
                 or
                 most
                 )
                 from
                 the
                 lowest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 no
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 wall
                 void
                 of
                 branches
                 ;
                 and
                 cause
                 the
                 
                 branches
                 to
                 spread
                 along
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 wall
                 both
                 ways
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 suffer
                 them
                 to
                 run
                 upwards
                 too
                 much
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Another
                 Error
                 amongst
                 some
                 ,
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 11
                 They
                 
                   Graft
                   young
                   Plants
                   that
                   came
                   of
                   seed
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   place
                   where
                   they
                   were
                   sowed
                   ,
                
                 (
                 before
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 removed
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 would
                 get
                 
                   good
                   Roots
                
                 .
                 )
                 And
                 hence
                 it
                 follows
                 ,
                 That
                 such
                 thrust
                 down
                 a
                 
                   single
                   Root
                
                 ,
                 or
                 two
                 (
                 commonly
                 )
                 into
                 
                   Clay
                   ,
                   Gravel
                   or
                   moist
                   ground
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 which
                 root
                 or
                 roots
                 ,
                 draw
                 bad
                 nourishment
                 below
                 the
                 good
                 soyle
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 hurt
                 the
                 
                   Trees
                   and
                   Fruits
                
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 case
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 be
                 removed
                 afterwards
                 (
                 being
                 grafted
                 )
                 they
                 want
                 
                   good
                   Roots
                
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 never
                 removed
                 ,
                 being
                 young
                 ,
                 to
                 get
                 good
                 Roots
                 .
                 See
                 how
                 to
                 order
                 them
                 ,
                 pag.
                 83.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Another
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 12
                 Some
                 also
                 when
                 they
                 Transplant
                 young
                 Trees
                 ,
                 they
                 usuall
                 set
                 them
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Roots
                 ,
                 whereas
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 all
                 Trees
                 Transplanted
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 pruned
                 .
                 See
                 how
                 pag.
                 83.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 Another
                 Error
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 break
                 off
                 all
                 the
                 Buds
                 upon
                 the
                 stocks
                 that
                 are
                 engrafted
                 ,
                 13
                 before
                 the
                 grafts
                 put
                 forth
                 ,
                 which
                 endangers
                 both
                 
                   Stock
                   and
                   Graft
                
                 .
                 For
                 Buds
                 upon
                 the
                 stocks
                 should
                 be
                 let
                 alone
                 ,
                 all
                 or
                 most
                 ,
                 until
                 the
                 Grafts
                 have
                 put
                 forth
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 draw
                 up
                 sap
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 break
                 off
                 all
                 the
                 buds
                 below
                 the
                 Grafts
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 have
                 all
                 the
                 sap
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Another
                 
                   Error
                   in
                   practise
                
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 when
                 they
                 Graft
                 great
                 Trees
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 unfruitful
                 ,
                 14
                 or
                 bear
                 bad
                 fruits
                 )
                 they
                 graft
                 upon
                 their
                 bodies
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 between
                 the
                 bark
                 and
                 the
                 wood
                 .
                 Now
                 Trees
                 thus
                 grafted
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 of
                 many
                 years
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 some
                 never
                 )
                 cover
                 the
                 head
                 in
                 the
                 grafted
                 place
                 ,
                 but
                 water
                 gets
                 in
                 and
                 rots
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 whereas
                 its
                 much
                 better
                 to
                 graft
                 the
                 small
                 branches
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 those
                 be
                 too
                 high
                 ,
                 then
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 body
                 two
                 yards
                 high
                 slopewise
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 cut
                 it
                 smooth
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 rain
                 or
                 wet
                 may
                 rest
                 on
                 the
                 head
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 next
                 year
                 after
                 to
                 graft
                 the
                 small
                 shoots
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 years
                 be
                 a
                 large
                 head
                 again
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Situation
               of
               an
               Orchard
               .
            
             
               HAving
               before
               spoken
               of
               
                 sowing
                 ,
                 setting
                 ,
                 Grafting
                 ,
                 and
                 ordering
                 of
                 fruit-trees
              
               ;
               I
               think
               good
               now
               to
               speak
               somewhat
               of
               the
               
                 site
                 ,
                 soyle
                 ,
                 shelters
              
               ,
               and
               some
               other
               advantages
               of
               an
               
                 Orchard
                 and
                 Garden
              
               ,
               and
               also
               of
               planting
               Fruit-trees
               in
               the
               fields
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               hedges
               and
               mounds
               about
               the
               fields
               ;
               whereby
               
                 double
                 ,
                 treble
              
               ,
               or
               manifold
               profit
               may
               be
               made
               of
               Lands
               to
               what
               is
               usually
               (
               in
               most
               places
               )
               made
               ,
               especially
               by
               ●ider
               and
               Perry
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               advantage
               of
               the
               owners
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               ,
               with
               planting
               of
               wood
               for
               build●ng
               ,
               f●ed
               and
               other
               uses
               .
               And
               also
               of
               divers
               other
               things
               (
               promiscuously
               )
               in
               reference
               to
               
                 Fruit-trees
                 and
                 Fruits
              
               .
               And
               al●hough
               some
               of
               the
               ensuing
               particulars
               are
               touch●
               upon
               already
               ,
               yet
               I
               thought
               good
               to
               mention
               them
               again
               ,
               with
               some
               addi●ion
               ,
               seeing
               they
               are
               very
               material
               ;
               yet
               all
               very
               briefly
               .
            
             
               
               
                 What
                 Situation
                 is
                 best
                 for
                 an
                 Orchard
                 .
              
               
                 Concerning
                 the
                 
                   Site
                   ,
                   or
                   Situation
                   of
                   an
                   Orchard
                   ,
                
                 or
                 
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ;
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 
                   fittest
                   situation
                
                 is
                 upon
                 a
                 ground
                 somewhat
                 shelving
                 or
                 declining
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   South-East
                   Sun
                
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 the
                 South-side
                 is
                 the
                 warmest
                 and
                 hottest
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 it
                 is
                 observed
                 by
                 Experience
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Morning
                 or
                 East
                 Sun
                 ,
                 is
                 better
                 then
                 the
                 West
                 Sun
                 :
                 it
                 does
                 cherish
                 and
                 ripen
                 fruits
                 sooner
                 then
                 the
                 Afternoon
                 Sun
                 ,
                 though
                 that
                 be
                 good
                 also
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 the
                 ground
                 somewhat
                 shelve
                 ,
                 or
                 hang
                 towards
                 the
                 South-East
                 ,
                 it
                 has
                 an
                 advantage
                 of
                 level
                 or
                 
                   plain
                   ground
                
                 (
                 though
                 that
                 be
                 good
                 too
                 :
                 )
                 for
                 the
                 Sun-beames
                 are
                 more
                 direct
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 more
                 strong
                 upon
                 such
                 a
                 ground
                 ,
                 then
                 upon
                 a
                 level
                 :
                 such
                 a
                 ground
                 is
                 fitted
                 to
                 the
                 Aspect
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 :
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 
                   Coelum
                   cum
                   terra
                   maritare
                   ,
                   vel
                   societatem
                   perquirere
                   coeli
                   &
                   terre
                   ad
                   arbores
                   :
                
                 
                 
                   To
                   Marry
                   Heaven
                   and
                   Earth
                   together
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   obtain
                   a
                   mutual
                   Society
                   of
                   Heaven
                   and
                   Earth
                   for
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 What
                 Soyle
                 is
                 best
                 for
                 an
                 Orchard
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 
                   soyle
                   of
                   an
                   Orchard
                
                 ,
                 the
                 best
                 is
                 a
                 deep
                 
                   sound
                   land
                
                 ,
                 either
                 a
                 black
                 ,
                 or
                 
                 
                   brown
                   mould
                
                 ,
                 if
                 with
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 sand
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 better
                 :
                 In
                 such
                 ground
                 ,
                 so
                 lying
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 Fruit-trees
                 will
                 attain
                 to
                 a
                 very
                 
                   great
                   bigness
                
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 will
                 last
                 
                   much
                   longer
                   then
                
                 the
                 same
                 kinds
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 shallow
                 
                   gravelly
                   ground
                
                 ;
                 or
                 upon
                 a
                 
                   clay
                   ,
                   cold
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   wet
                   ground
                
                 .
                 Fruit-trees
                 where
                 they
                 grow
                 upon
                 a
                 
                   warm
                   ground
                
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 South-East
                 Sunne
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Trees
                 grow
                 great
                 ,
                 and
                 live-long
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 the
                 fruit
                 is
                 greater
                 and
                 better
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 
                   more
                   in
                   quantity
                
                 ,
                 then
                 upon
                 
                   poor
                   ,
                   gravel
                   ,
                   wet
                   ,
                   cold
                   ,
                   or
                   clay
                   grounds
                   .
                
              
               
                 Howsoever
                 ,
                 men
                 that
                 have
                 not
                 the
                 best
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 content
                 to
                 Plant
                 upon
                 what
                 they
                 have
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour
                 to
                 amend
                 it
                 as
                 they
                 can
                 :
              
            
             
               
                 Cold
                 and
                 moist
                 ground
                 .
              
               
                 Grounds
                 that
                 are
                 overmoist
                 and
                 cold
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 not
                 onely
                 trenched
                 in
                 several
                 places
                 ,
                 to
                 draw
                 the
                 water
                 into
                 the
                 Trenches
                 from
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 ;
                 but
                 also
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 convenient
                 to
                 mix
                 
                   sand
                   ,
                   ashes
                
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 like
                 
                   hot
                   and
                   dry
                   soyls
                
                 with
                 such
                 ground
                 :
                 if
                 these
                 or
                 some
                 such
                 means
                 be
                 not
                 used
                 ,
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 (
                 upon
                 this
                 kind
                 of
                 ground
                 )
                 will
                 be
                 chil'd
                 ,
                 and
                 lie
                 cold
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 the
                 Trees
                 to
                 be
                 Mossy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fruit
                 to
                 be
                 
                   more
                   spongy
                   and
                   waterish
                
                 ;
                 not
                 so
                 good
                 tasted
                 
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Trees
                 grew
                 upon
                 warmer
                 and
                 
                   dryer
                   ground
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Hot
                 and
                 dry
                 grounds
                 .
              
               
                 Fruit-trees
                 upon
                 
                   hot
                   ,
                   dry
                   ,
                   sandy
                   ,
                   shallow
                   grounds
                   ,
                
                 have
                 need
                 of
                 some
                 current
                 of
                 water
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 ,
                 to
                 runne
                 over
                 such
                 grounds
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 possible
                 to
                 have
                 it
                 so
                 ;
                 or
                 else
                 paines
                 must
                 be
                 taken
                 to
                 bring
                 water
                 some
                 other
                 way
                 :
                 water
                 out
                 of
                 Pools
                 ,
                 or
                 Ponds
                 ,
                 that
                 runs
                 from
                 dunghills
                 ,
                 is
                 special
                 good
                 for
                 this
                 purpose
                 ,
                 which
                 does
                 not
                 only
                 moisten
                 ,
                 but
                 makes
                 the
                 ground
                 fertil
                 also
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Cold
                 Clay
                 grounds
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 the
                 Land
                 whereon
                 Fruit-trees
                 are
                 ,
                 or
                 shall
                 be
                 planted
                 ,
                 be
                 
                   Clay
                   grounds
                
                 ,
                 a
                 shallow
                 crust
                 of
                 indifferent
                 good
                 soyle
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 on
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Clay
                   ,
                   barren
                   soyle
                
                 underneath
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 often
                 seen
                 )
                 then
                 there
                 is
                 need
                 of
                 some
                 Composts
                 of
                 contrary
                 natures
                 to
                 be
                 mixt
                 among
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 
                   stiff
                   ,
                   cold
                   ,
                   barren
                   ground
                
                 ;
                 as
                 
                   Sand
                   ,
                   Ashes
                
                 of
                 all
                 kinds
                 ,
                 a
                 convenient
                 quantity
                 of
                 
                   Lime
                   ,
                   Cbalk
                
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 is
                 of
                 an
                 hot
                 and
                 opening
                 nature
                 :
                 Yea
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 men
                 do
                 what
                 they
                 can
                 to
                 
                   mend
                   this
                   kind
                   of
                   land
                
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Trees
                 will
                 still
                 be
                 mossy
                 ,
                 and
                 but
                 
                   small
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 in
                 comparison
                 
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 kind
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 upon
                 
                   good
                   ,
                   sound
                   ,
                   deep
                   ,
                   fertil
                   soyle
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 Stony
                 gravel
                 ground
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 
                   gravel
                   grounds
                
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 as
                 bad
                 as
                 any
                 ,
                 in
                 some
                 respects
                 ;
                 for
                 a
                 tree
                 cannot
                 root
                 to
                 any
                 great
                 bigness
                 in
                 such
                 grounds
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 muck
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 soyles
                 ,
                 be
                 laid
                 to
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 the
                 Gravel
                 will
                 eat
                 it
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 turn
                 it
                 into
                 its
                 own
                 nature
                 in
                 certain
                 years
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 the
                 ground
                 be
                 but
                 somewhat
                 stony
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 Mould
                 between
                 and
                 among
                 the
                 stones
                 ,
                 the
                 fruit-trees
                 will
                 root
                 indifferent
                 well
                 in
                 such
                 grounds
                 ;
                 all
                 that
                 can
                 well
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 dig
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 loosen
                 the
                 stones
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 pick
                 out
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 biggest
                 ,
                 and
                 cast
                 in
                 some
                 
                   good
                   soyles
                
                 in
                 their
                 sted
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Low
                 bottome
                 grounds
                 .
              
               
                 Land
                 that
                 lies
                 below
                 ,
                 towards
                 the
                 
                   bottome
                   of
                   the
                   Hill
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   near
                   a
                   River
                
                 ,
                 which
                 sometimes
                 over-flowes
                 ;
                 This
                 generally
                 is
                 exceeding
                 good
                 for
                 fruit-trees
                 ;
                 it
                 hath
                 many
                 advantages
                 of
                 some
                 other
                 grounds
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 not
                 only
                 keeps
                 and
                 retains
                 what
                 rain
                 and
                 moisture
                 falls
                 upon
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 Clouds
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 
                   moisture
                   descends
                
                 from
                 the
                 higher
                 
                 grounds
                 to
                 these
                 ,
                 and
                 withal
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 River
                 overflow
                 ,
                 it
                 adds
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 
                   fatness
                   of
                   the
                   ground
                
                 :
                 But
                 yet
                 this
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 ,
                 That
                 land
                 may
                 have
                 
                   overmuch
                   moisture
                
                 (
                 as
                 before
                 is
                 observed
                 )
                 That
                 is
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 stands
                 ,
                 and
                 rests
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 long
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 
                   wall
                   springs
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   boggy
                   low
                   grounds
                
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 superfluity
                 of
                 water
                 cannot
                 descend
                 from
                 it
                 to
                 any
                 other
                 place
                 ,
                 but
                 where
                 much
                 water
                 comes
                 ,
                 and
                 rests
                 for
                 a
                 certaine
                 time
                 only
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 superfluity
                 runnes
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 leaves
                 onely
                 the
                 
                   strength
                   &
                   fatness
                   of
                   the
                   water
                   behind
                   ,
                
                 there
                 the
                 land
                 is
                 good
                 and
                 fertil
                 :
                 and
                 fruit-trees
                 will
                 grow
                 large
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   fruit
                   great
                
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 so
                 much
                 for
                 the
                 
                   ground
                   fit
                   for
                   fruit-trees
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Concerning
                 shelters
                 or
                 defences
                 for
                 Orchards
                 and
                 Gardens
                 .
              
               
                 ALthough
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 that
                 fruit-trees
                 be
                 sheltred
                 ,
                 or
                 defended
                 from
                 the
                 
                   cold
                   North
                   ,
                   East
                
                 and
                 
                   West
                   winds
                
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 very
                 convenient
                 and
                 profitable
                 so
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ;
                 for
                 we
                 know
                 ,
                 and
                 see
                 by
                 yearly
                 
                   experience
                   ,
                   how
                
                 dangerous
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   North●east
                   winds
                
                 (
                 especially
                 )
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 spring
                 time
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 blighting
                 and
                 spoyling
                 of
                 
                   blossomes
                   ,
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 sometimes
                 the
                 very
                 
                   boughs
                   ,
                   branches
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Trees
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 the
                 
                   West
                   winds
                
                 are
                 commonly
                 strong
                 towards
                 Autumne
                 ,
                 and
                 throw
                 down
                 abundance
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 when
                 ripe
                 ,
                 or
                 near
                 ripe
                 ,
                 wherein
                 is
                 losse
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 Orchard
                 be
                 planted
                 where
                 it
                 may
                 have
                 
                   Hills
                   ,
                   Houses
                
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 to
                 burrow
                 ,
                 or
                 shelter
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 
                   North
                   ,
                   East
                
                 ,
                 and
                 West-winds
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 a
                 special
                 advantage
                 to
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Walnut-trees
                 good
                 shelters
                 for
                 Orchards
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 such
                 shelters
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 very
                 profitable
                 to
                 Plant
                 Walnut-trees
                 ,
                 (
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 kinds
                 of
                 Trees
                 that
                 naturally
                 grow
                 
                   great
                   and
                   high
                
                 (
                 upon
                 
                   these
                   three
                   sides
                
                 of
                 the
                 Orchard
                 .
                 The
                 Walnut-tree
                 is
                 profitable
                 very
                 many
                 ways
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 as
                 to
                 shade
                 and
                 shelter
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 the
                 wood
                 is
                 of
                 manifold
                 use
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 dearer
                 then
                 
                   Oak
                   ,
                   Ash
                   ,
                   Elm
                
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 like
                 :
                 the
                 Fruit
                 *
                 is
                 useful
                 and
                 profitable
                 ,
                 both
                 
                   green
                   and
                   ripe
                
                 ;
                 so
                 the
                 
                   leaves
                   ,
                   bark
                   ,
                   juice
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 in
                 many
                 Physical
                 respects
                 .
                 Mr.
                 Parkinson
                 sayes
                 ,
                 the
                 profit
                 of
                 Walnut-trees
                 is
                 infinite
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 good
                 encouragement
                 to
                 Plant
                 these
                 trees
                 also
                 ,
                 
                 because
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 many
                 wayes
                 proprofitable
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 )
                 they
                 
                   endure
                   exceeding
                   long
                
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 prosper
                 well
                 almost
                 in
                 any
                 
                   kind
                   of
                   soyle
                
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 any
                 Country
                 :
                 this
                 was
                 observed
                 long
                 since
                 ,
                 
                   Bap.
                   Port.
                
                 says
                 ,
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 accounted
                 an
                 
                   excellent
                   ,
                   and
                   singular
                   Fruit-tree
                   :
                   Iuglandes
                   egregiam
                   existimarent
                   .
                
                 
                 And
                 Cressentius
                 gives
                 a
                 good
                 encouragement
                 to
                 Plant
                 this
                 tree
                 :
                 
                   H●c
                   arbor
                   nullum
                   recusat
                   aerem
                   ,
                   neque
                   genus
                   terr●●
                
                 ;
                 (
                 he
                 says
                 )
                 
                   This
                   Tree
                   refuseth
                   no
                   kind
                   of
                   aire
                   nor
                   earth
                   .
                
              
               
                 Now
                 ,
                 seeing
                 it
                 prospers
                 well
                 in
                 all
                 places
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 so
                 many
                 ways
                 profitable
                 above
                 many
                 other
                 kinds
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 fit
                 and
                 proper
                 for
                 the
                 sheltring
                 of
                 the
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 of
                 the
                 exceeding
                 great
                 height
                 and
                 bigness
                 that
                 these
                 Trees
                 attain
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   long
                   time
                
                 that
                 they
                 last
                 ,
                 let
                 there
                 be
                 (
                 therefore
                 )
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 planted
                 without
                 the
                 Orchard
                 to
                 
                   shelter
                   it
                
                 ,
                 as
                 before
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 so
                 many
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 convenient
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
              
               
                 Set
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 thin-sheld
                 Nuts
                 in
                 the
                 Nursery
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 fully
                 ripe
                 ,
                 and
                 preserve
                 them
                 there
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 years
                 ,
                 until
                 they
                 be
                 a
                 competent
                 bigness
                 to
                 remove
                 for
                 this
                 purpose
                 :
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 set
                 with
                 the
                 green
                 husk
                 on
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 preserve
                 them
                 from
                 worms
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 Quantity
                 of
                 grounds
                 for
                 an
                 Orchard
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 considered
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 out
                 
                   fit
                   place
                
                 for
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 th●
                 
                   lying
                   of
                   the
                   ground
                   ,
                   soyle
                   ,
                
                 and
                 shelters
                 for
                 it
                 the
                 next
                 thing
                 is
                 to
                 designe
                 the
                 Quantity
                 And
                 herein
                 let
                 not
                 men
                 be
                 niggards
                 to
                 themselves
                 ▪
                 their
                 posterity
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Common●
                   weal
                
                 ,
                 in
                 allotting
                 a
                 
                   small
                   quantity
                
                 ,
                 Whe●
                 they
                 may
                 take
                 much
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 
                   Fruit
                   trees
                
                 will
                 yield
                 (
                 after
                 certain
                 years
                 )
                 
                   many
                   time●
                   more
                   profit
                
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 Corne
                 or
                 Grass
                 of
                 so
                 much
                 land
                 :
                 Especially
                 if
                 converted
                 into
                 Cider
                 and
                 Perry
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Profits
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 ;
                 see
                 Mr.
                 Blith
                 ,
                 his
                 
                   Improver
                   Improved
                
                 ,
                 pag.
                 262
                 ,
                 263
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Where
                 he
                 shews
                 Land
                 may
                 be
                 improved
                 ,
                 by
                 Planting
                 8
                 or
                 10
                 times
                 the
                 value
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Such
                 as
                 begin
                 soonest
                 will
                 have
                 most
                 profit
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 they
                 that
                 
                   begin
                   ,
                   and
                   first
                
                 set
                 on
                 this
                 work
                 of
                 
                   planting
                   large
                   Orchards
                
                 ,
                 and
                 fruit-trees
                 in
                 the
                 fields
                 and
                 hedges
                 ,
                 will
                 have
                 not
                 onely
                 the
                 speediest
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 
                   greatest
                   profit
                
                 :
                 because
                 
                   now
                   ,
                   as
                   yet
                
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 but
                 few
                 ,
                 or
                 no
                 
                   great
                   Orchards
                
                 in
                 some
                 Countries
                 ;
                 and
                 while
                 so
                 
                   great
                   a
                   commodity
                
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 a
                 
                   few
                   men
                
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 exceeding
                 advantagious
                 
                 〈◊〉
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 common
                 ,
                 ●e
                 advantage
                 will
                 be
                 less
                 .
                 Therefore
                 ,
                 if
                 ●●en
                 be
                 but
                 willing
                 to
                 make
                 20
                 l.
                 worth
                 ●0
                 l.
                 or
                 50
                 l
                 ;
                 or
                 to
                 make
                 100
                 l.
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 ●orth
                 2
                 ,
                 or
                 3
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 way
                 ,
                 ●ith
                 little
                 labour
                 and
                 charge
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Great
                 Profits
                 ,
                 with
                 little
                 Cost
                 or
                 Pains
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 work
                 is
                 of
                 
                   so
                   much
                   profit
                
                 ,
                 with
                 so
                 
                   ●●tle
                   cost
                   and
                   pains
                   ?
                   Corn
                
                 and
                 Cattle
                 must
                 have
                 renewed
                 
                   charges
                   and
                   labours
                
                 every
                 ●ear
                 :
                 But
                 as
                 for
                 planting
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 there
                 ●he
                 charge
                 is
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 little
                 or
                 no●hing
                 ever
                 after
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 profit
                 still
                 increas●ng
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 for
                 many
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 Fruit-trees
                 have
                 an
                 advantage
                 ,
                 and
                 excellency
                 above
                 other
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 )
                 are
                 
                   best
                   at
                   first
                
                 ,
                 and
                 worse
                 and
                 worse
                 ,
                 till
                 nothing
                 worth
                 :
                 (
                 As
                 
                   Meat
                   ,
                   Drink
                   ,
                   Apparel
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 )
                 but
                 
                   Fruit
                   trees
                
                 increase
                 in
                 
                   worth
                   and
                   goodness
                
                 ;
                 are
                 
                   least
                   and
                   worst
                   at
                   first
                
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 mending
                 and
                 increasing
                 hand
                 for
                 many
                 Years
                 or
                 Ages
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Orchard
                 and
                 Garden
                 on
                 the
                 South-side
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Planting
                 the
                 Orchard
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 on
                 the
                 
                   South-side
                   the
                   house
                
                 ,
                 rather
                 then
                 on
                 any
                 other
                 side
                 ;
                 the
                 house
                 will
                 be
                 a
                 shelter
                 to
                 it
                 
                 from
                 the
                 North
                 ;
                 and
                 beside
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 South
                 is
                 the
                 sweetest
                 and
                 most
                 pleasan●
                 prospect
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 the
                 better
                 for
                 the
                 Or●chard
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 (
                 as
                 in
                 some
                 places
                 it
                 may
                 )
                 plant
                 
                   Fruit-trees
                   round
                   abou●
                   the
                   house
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Build
                 the
                 House
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Orchard
                 .
              
               
                 Men
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 
                   build
                   the
                   house
                
                 ,
                 as
                 wel●
                 as
                 to
                 
                   plant
                   the
                   Orchard
                
                 ,
                 were
                 best
                 to
                 build
                 the
                 house
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Orchard
                 ▪
                 and
                 so
                 they
                 may
                 live
                 in
                 a
                 
                   sweet
                   ,
                   perfumed
                   ,
                   wholsome
                   Aire
                   ,
                
                 all
                 their
                 days
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 a
                 little
                 conducing
                 to
                 health
                 and
                 
                   long
                   life
                
                 ;
                 besides
                 all
                 the
                 
                   pleasure
                   and
                   delight
                
                 superadded
                 .
              
               
                 Sweet
                 fresh
                 Aire
                 ,
                 conduceth
                 to
                 health
                 and
                 long
                 life
                 ,
                 more
                 then
                 diet
                 ,
                 as
                 an
                 Authour
                 of
                 great
                 esteem
                 affirmeth
                 .
                 How
                 healthful
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 live
                 in
                 a
                 
                   sweet
                   fresh
                   Aire
                
                 ;
                 not
                 onely
                 learned
                 and
                 judicious
                 men
                 tell
                 us
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 Experience
                 .
                 Of
                 this
                 ,
                 see
                 Lord
                 Bac.
                 Hist.
                 L.
                 D.
                 pag.
                 207.208
                 .
                 Nat.
                 hist.
                 Cent.
                 6.
                 pag.
                 210.
                 
                 Cent.
                 6.
                 pag.
                 136.
                 
                 Nat.
                 hist.
                 Cent.
                 4.
                 pag.
                 102.
                 and
                 divers
                 other
                 places
                 :
                 so
                 also
                 a
                 whole
                 Colledge
                 of
                 Physitians
                 :
                 See
                 Scho.
                 Sal.
                 pag.
                 51.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 Many
                 stocks
                 of
                 Bees
                 may
                 be
                 kept
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Orchard
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 ,
                 besides
                 all
                 the
                 profit
                 and
                 pleasure
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 an
                 Orchard
                 in
                 an
                 ordinary
                 way
                 ,
                 by
                 
                   Cider
                   ,
                   Perry
                   ,
                   sale
                   of
                   the
                   fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   use
                   of
                   them
                   all
                   the
                   year
                   in
                   the
                   house
                   :
                
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 another
                 profit
                 made
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 labour
                 of
                 the
                 industrious
                 Bees
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 kept
                 in
                 or
                 about
                 the
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 gather
                 store
                 of
                 Hony
                 all
                 the
                 
                   blossoming
                   time
                
                 from
                 the
                 fruit-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 sooner
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 (
                 In
                 such
                 a
                 place
                 )
                 need
                 not
                 labour
                 far
                 for
                 Honey
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 it
                 near
                 hand
                 :
                 I
                 have
                 read
                 of
                 an
                 eminent
                 Bee-master
                 ,
                 who
                 yearly
                 ,
                 set
                 many
                 stocks
                 of
                 Bees
                 by
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 
                   Field
                   of
                   Pease
                
                 and
                 Beans
                 in
                 blooming-time
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Bees
                 did
                 store
                 ,
                 and
                 fill
                 their
                 Hives
                 with
                 Hony
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 it
                 so
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ;
                 the
                 like
                 they
                 will
                 do
                 in
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 having
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 provision
                 ready
                 at
                 hand
                 in
                 an
                 Orchard
                 .
                 Also
                 ,
                 unto
                 all
                 this
                 provision
                 for
                 
                   Bees
                   ,
                   Ciccamore-trees
                
                 may
                 be
                 planted
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 
                   North
                   ,
                   East
                
                 ,
                 and
                 West
                 of
                 the
                 Orchard
                 ;
                 and
                 
                   Sallies
                   ,
                   Withies
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 which
                 bear
                 Palms
                 early
                 :
                 all
                 these
                 yield
                 abundance
                 of
                 provision
                 for
                 Bees
                 :
                 Now
                 ,
                 the
                 
                 nearer
                 they
                 have
                 their
                 hony
                 and
                 wax
                 ,
                 the
                 earlier
                 and
                 oftner
                 they
                 will
                 swarm
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Plant
                 Fruit-trees
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 and
                 Hedges
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 much
                 profit
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 in
                 Orchards
                 and
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 by
                 planting
                 Fruit-trees
                 in
                 the
                 
                   f●elds
                   and
                   hedges
                
                 of
                 inclosed
                 grounds
                 :
                 multitudes
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 may
                 be
                 planted
                 abroad
                 in
                 the
                 fields
                 and
                 hedges
                 ,
                 whereof
                 great
                 profit
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 without
                 any
                 considerable
                 hindrance
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 respect
                 ,
                 either
                 of
                 
                   Corne
                   ,
                   Hay
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Pasture
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 men
                 may
                 have
                 a
                 double
                 or
                 treble
                 profit
                 (
                 or
                 more
                 )
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 ,
                 to
                 what
                 otherwise
                 they
                 have
                 ;
                 after
                 one
                 Harvest
                 is
                 over
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 have
                 a
                 second
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 as
                 great
                 ,
                 or
                 greater
                 then
                 the
                 first
                 ;
                 perhaps
                 twice
                 or
                 thrice
                 as
                 good
                 :
                 That
                 this
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 
                   what
                   Trees
                   are
                   fittest
                   to
                   be
                   planted
                   there
                   ,
                
                 and
                 in
                 
                   what
                   manner
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Observe
                 right
                 kinds
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 kinds
                 of
                 Trees
                 fit
                 for
                 flelds
                 and
                 hedges
                 ;
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 best
                 ,
                 especially
                 now
                 at
                 first
                 (
                 until
                 there
                 be
                 more
                 store
                 of
                 fruits
                 )
                 to
                 plant
                 the
                 
                   courser
                   and
                   harder
                   kinds
                   of
                   fruits
                   ,
                
                 that
                 so
                 people
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 eager
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 steal
                 them
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 The
                 courser
                 fruits
                 very
                 profitable
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 many
                 kinds
                 of
                 Fruits
                 very
                 course
                 and
                 hard
                 at
                 first
                 gathering
                 ,
                 which
                 yet
                 are
                 exceeding
                 useful
                 and
                 profitable
                 ,
                 especially
                 for
                 Cider
                 and
                 Perry
                 ;
                 some
                 wild
                 hard
                 Peares
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 Mr.
                 Parkinson
                 observes
                 )
                 though
                 no
                 one
                 will
                 touch
                 them
                 to
                 eat
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 will
                 make
                 exceeding
                 good
                 Perry
                 ,
                 scarce
                 to
                 be
                 discerned
                 from
                 Wine
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 hath
                 lien
                 divers
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 throughly
                 ripened
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 of
                 divers
                 kinds
                 of
                 
                   wild
                   hard
                   Apples
                
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 such
                 therefore
                 be
                 planted
                 in
                 the
                 hedges
                 ,
                 on
                 purpose
                 for
                 Cider
                 and
                 Perry
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Plant
                 high
                 Trees
                 in
                 Fields
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 as
                 the
                 kinds
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 thus
                 observed
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 the
                 substance
                 and
                 bigness
                 of
                 them
                 :
                 such
                 Trees
                 should
                 be
                 larger
                 then
                 ordinary
                 ,
                 two
                 
                   yards
                   high
                
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 at
                 first
                 planting
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 they
                 may
                 spread
                 high
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 reach
                 of
                 Cattle
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 troublesome
                 to
                 workmen
                 about
                 Hay
                 and
                 Corn
                 in
                 sommer
                 time
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 Defend
                 them
                 from
                 spoyle
                 .
              
               
                 Such
                 being
                 Planted
                 ,
                 must
                 have
                 two
                 or
                 
                   three
                   stakes
                
                 set
                 about
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 to
                 preserve
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 rubbing
                 of
                 the
                 Cattle
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 annoyances
                 ;
                 or
                 else
                 must
                 have
                 a
                 small
                 
                   hedge
                   of
                   Thorns
                
                 round
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 some
                 years
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 planting
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Manner
                 of
                 Planting
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Fruit-trees
                   in
                   the
                   fields
                
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 Planted
                 a
                 
                   large
                   distance
                   asunder
                
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 because
                 this
                 course
                 will
                 take
                 up
                 multitudes
                 ;
                 but
                 also
                 (
                 and
                 chiefly
                 )
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 may
                 not
                 overmuch
                 
                   shade
                   the
                   Land
                
                 whereon
                 they
                 are
                 Planted
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 prejudice
                 Hay
                 and
                 
                   Corne
                   ,
                   Pasture
                
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 profits
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 thereof
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 these
                 Trees
                 should
                 be
                 planted
                 30
                 or
                 40
                 yards
                 in
                 distance
                 ,
                 especially
                 those
                 in
                 the
                 
                   middle
                   of
                   the
                   fields
                
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 in
                 Roes
                 or
                 Ranks
                 throughout
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 the
                 Plough
                 may
                 continue
                 a
                 straight
                 furrow
                 all
                 along
                 ,
                 from
                 one
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 
                   Herefordshire
                   ,
                   Kent
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Fruit●Countries
                 ;
                 and
                 Trees
                 so
                 planted
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 by
                 experience
                 )
                 will
                 grow
                 
                   exceeding
                   large
                
                 ,
                 as
                 great
                 as
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 grow
                 near
                 together
                 in
                 Orchards
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 Shade
                 and
                 droppings
                 ,
                 no
                 considerable
                 prejudice
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 it
                 be
                 objected
                 ;
                 That
                 Fruit-trees
                 so
                 planted
                 ,
                 will
                 spoyle
                 much
                 Corne
                 and
                 Grass
                 under
                 and
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 their
                 droppings
                 and
                 shade
                 :
                 It
                 is
                 answered
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 hath
                 been
                 observed
                 ,
                 that
                 good
                 Corn
                 hath
                 grown
                 very
                 near
                 the
                 roots
                 of
                 such
                 Trees
                 ,
                 almost
                 as
                 good
                 as
                 any
                 where
                 in
                 the
                 field
                 ,
                 where
                 no
                 Trees
                 are
                 :
                 and
                 grass
                 as
                 much
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 
                   under
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 as
                 where
                 none
                 are
                 ,
                 although
                 (
                 perhaps
                 )
                 not
                 altogether
                 so
                 sweet
                 .
                 Mr.
                 Blith
                 doth
                 affirm
                 it
                 plainly
                 ,
                 that
                 fruit-trees
                 regularly
                 planted
                 ,
                 do
                 advantage
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 
                   even
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   grass
                
                 :
                 See
                 pag.
                 262.
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Improver
                   Improved
                
                 .
                 And
                 although
                 it
                 were
                 granted
                 ,
                 that
                 neither
                 Grass
                 nor
                 Corn
                 would
                 (
                 at
                 all
                 )
                 grow
                 under
                 fruit-trees
                 ;
                 yet
                 how
                 weak
                 an
                 objection
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 profits
                 by
                 the
                 Trees
                 may
                 be
                 an
                 hundred
                 ,
                 or
                 perhaps
                 two
                 hundred
                 fold
                 ,
                 to
                 what
                 can
                 be
                 expected
                 (
                 rationally
                 )
                 upon
                 such
                 a
                 quantity
                 of
                 Land
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 shade
                 )
                 in
                 Corn
                 or
                 Grass
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Profit
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 by
                 Cider
                 and
                 Perry
                 .
              
               
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 planted
                 in
                 
                   Orchards
                   and
                   Gardens
                
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 bringing
                 forth
                 much
                 fruit
                 ,
                 the
                 next
                 thing
                 is
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 best
                 advantage
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 by
                 Cider
                 and
                 Perry
                 ;
                 especially
                 by
                 Cider
                 .
                 Men
                 may
                 not
                 onely
                 store
                 themselves
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 use
                 
                   in
                   their
                   Families
                
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 much
                 for
                 sale
                 :
                 they
                 may
                 sell
                 the
                 fruits
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 convert
                 them
                 into
                 Cider
                 for
                 advantage
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Cider
                 more
                 healthy
                 then
                 other
                 Liquors
                 .
              
               
                 Cider
                 is
                 more
                 conducing
                 to
                 health
                 and
                 long-life
                 ,
                 then
                 Beer
                 and
                 Ale
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 these
                 are
                 also
                 good
                 Liquors
                 ,
                 especially
                 for
                 some
                 persons
                 )
                 for
                 Cider
                 is
                 a
                 clear
                 Liquor
                 without
                 dregs
                 ,
                 and
                 doth
                 not
                 onely
                 not
                 leave
                 any
                 dregs
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 its
                 own
                 substance
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 hath
                 a
                 property
                 to
                 cleanse
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 open
                 obstructions
                 carry
                 down
                 superfluities
                 and
                 hurtful
                 humours
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 which
                 other
                 Liquors
                 and
                 Meats
                 have
                 ingendred
                 and
                 left
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 as
                 the
                 Seeds
                 of
                 many
                 distempers
                 and
                 diseases
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Long
                 Experience
                 ,
                 proves
                 the
                 healthfulness
                 of
                 Cider
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 much
                 conducing
                 to
                 health
                 and
                 long-life
                 ,
                 (
                 besides
                 the
                 Judgement
                 of
                 learned
                 Physitians
                 )
                 Experience
                 doth
                 fully
                 
                   prove
                   it
                
                 in
                 those
                 places
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 much
                 
                 used
                 :
                 The
                 story
                 of
                 a
                 
                   Rich
                   Landlord
                
                 ,
                 who
                 would
                 never
                 let
                 
                   leases
                   for
                   lives
                
                 to
                 any
                 that
                 were
                 
                   Cider
                   drinkers
                
                 ,
                 is
                 somewhat
                 to
                 the
                 purpose
                 :
                 he
                 concluded
                 such
                 were
                 like
                 to
                 live
                 too
                 long
                 ,
                 so
                 was
                 not
                 willing
                 to
                 meddle
                 with
                 them
                 upon
                 such
                 terms
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Mason
                   Rust.
                
                 says
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 famous
                 Physitian
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 content
                 to
                 equal
                 Cider
                 and
                 Perry
                 ,
                 with
                 
                   Wine
                   of
                   Grapes
                
                 ,
                 but
                 preferred
                 them
                 before
                 it
                 in
                 every
                 things
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Normandy
                 ,
                 
                 there
                 is
                 abundance
                 of
                 
                   Cider
                   and
                   Perry
                
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 esteem
                 of
                 it
                 equal
                 to
                 Wine
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Windiness
                 of
                 Cider
                 ,
                 only
                 at
                 first
                 ▪
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 windiness
                 that
                 some
                 finde
                 in
                 drinking
                 this
                 Liquor
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 only
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 until
                 the
                 body
                 be
                 used
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 after
                 a
                 time
                 that
                 ceaseth
                 ▪
                 An
                 Authour
                 of
                 good
                 credit
                 sayes
                 ,
                 that
                 Beer
                 and
                 Ale
                 have
                 the
                 like
                 operation
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 not
                 been
                 accustomed
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 afterwards
                 ceaseth
                 :
                 we
                 know
                 Tobacco
                 will
                 make
                 a
                 man
                 dizze
                 ,
                 and
                 somewhat
                 distempered
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 taking
                 ,
                 to
                 one
                 who
                 hath
                 not
                 been
                 used
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 afterwards
                 no
                 such
                 thing
                 :
                 so
                 also
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 Cider
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 Cider
                 of
                 some
                 Apples
                 is
                 Cordial
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 especially
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 less
                 windy
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 more
                 
                   pleasant
                   ,
                   healthful
                
                 ,
                 and
                 cordial
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 kinds
                 of
                 Fruits
                 :
                 Physitians
                 ascribe
                 some
                 
                   degree
                   of
                   heat
                
                 to
                 some
                 Apples
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 Pearmains
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 kinds
                 of
                 
                   Pippins
                   .
                   Matth.
                
                 says
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 
                   Cordial
                   to
                   persons
                   in
                   hot
                   diseases
                   :
                   Calidis
                   cordis
                   affectibus
                   succurrunt
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 Pearmains
                 ,
                 Pippins
                 ,
                 Moyles
                 ,
                 Redstreaks
                 ,
                 best
                 for
                 Cider
                 .
              
               
                 Therefore
                 ,
                 let
                 the
                 
                   greatest
                   number
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 the
                 Orchards
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 be
                 of
                 
                   Pearmains
                   ,
                   Pippins
                   ,
                   Gennet-moyles
                   ,
                   Redstreaks
                   ,
                
                 and
                 such
                 kinds
                 as
                 are
                 known
                 by
                 much
                 experience
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 s●ecial
                 good
                 for
                 Cider
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 hedges
                 and
                 outmost
                 bounds
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 of
                 some
                 courser
                 and
                 
                   harder
                   kinds
                
                 ,
                 which
                 also
                 will
                 make
                 good
                 
                   Cider
                   .
                   Cider
                
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 healthful
                 ,
                 but
                 very
                 cordial
                 ,
                 is
                 found
                 to
                 refresh
                 the
                 heart
                 ,
                 and
                 exhilerate
                 and
                 chear
                 the
                 spirits
                 ,
                 is
                 special
                 good
                 against
                 
                   Melancholly
                   distempers
                
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 stone
                 ,
                 and
                 straight
                 passage
                 of
                 the
                 water
                 ,
                 carrying
                 down
                 gravel
                 ,
                 and
                 clearing
                 obstructions
                 in
                 
                 the
                 body
                 :
                 it
                 
                   cleanses
                   the
                   stomack
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   procures
                   a
                   good
                   appetite
                   to
                   meat
                   ,
                
                 and
                 makes
                 a
                 
                   good
                   digestion
                
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 fundamental
                 to
                 health
                 and
                 long-life
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Apprehensions
                 of
                 Good
                 ,
                 makes
                 men
                 seek
                 after
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Were
                 men
                 but
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 benefits
                 and
                 advantages
                 of
                 
                   this
                   Liquor
                
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 labour
                 more
                 for
                 it
                 :
                 But
                 we
                 know
                 ,
                 
                   bonum
                   non
                   desideratur
                   ,
                   nisi
                   cognitum
                   :
                
                 Men
                 can
                 never
                 desire
                 a
                 thing
                 ,
                 unless
                 first
                 they
                 know
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 have
                 some
                 apprehensions
                 of
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Health
                 and
                 long-life
                 .
              
               
                 Health
                 ,
                 and
                 long-life
                 ,
                 are
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 earthly
                 blessings
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 world
                 looks
                 after
                 ;
                 and
                 what
                 will
                 they
                 not
                 do
                 ,
                 or
                 give
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 attaining
                 of
                 them
                 ?
              
               
                 As
                 Naaman●
                 servant
                 said
                 to
                 his
                 Master
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 here
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 required
                 to
                 do
                 
                   some
                   great
                   matter
                
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 attainment
                 of
                 health
                 and
                 long-life
                 ,
                 would
                 they
                 not
                 do
                 it
                 ?
                 Yea
                 certainly
                 ,
                 me
                 thinks
                 then
                 they
                 should
                 not
                 neglect
                 such
                 easie
                 tearms
                 as
                 are
                 here
                 proposed
                 ,
                 when
                 once
                 they
                 know
                 them
                 .
                 Now
                 it
                 is
                 concluded
                 ,
                 
                 That
                 
                   exercise
                   in
                   the
                   work
                   of
                   planting
                   fruit-trees
                   ,
                
                 with
                 
                   moderate
                   use
                   of
                   Cider
                   and
                   Perry
                   ,
                
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 effectual
                 Natural
                 means
                 for
                 these
                 ends
                 .
                 See
                 at
                 large
                 pag.
                 40
                 ,
                 41
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Riches
                 and
                 Profits
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 besides
                 ,
                 many
                 other
                 profits
                 and
                 advantages
                 come
                 by
                 this
                 labour
                 in
                 
                   Planting
                   fruit-tree
                
                 ,
                 in
                 sale
                 of
                 the
                 
                   fruit-●rees
                   ,
                   cider
                   ,
                   Perry
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 commodities
                 in
                 the
                 Orchard
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 long
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 why
                 may
                 not
                 this
                 Art
                 be
                 called
                 the
                 Philosophers-stone
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 turn
                 not
                 
                   common
                   Mettals
                   into
                   Gold
                
                 ,
                 
                 yet
                 it
                 turns
                 Trees
                 and
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 yea
                 ,
                 earth
                 and
                 dung
                 into
                 gold
                 and
                 silver
                 in
                 a
                 certaine
                 time
                 ?
                 Many
                 men
                 have
                 laboured
                 many
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 spent
                 much
                 gold
                 and
                 silver
                 in
                 seeking
                 the
                 Philosophers-stone
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 gold
                 enough
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 to
                 little
                 purpose
                 .
                 I
                 think
                 they
                 were
                 best
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 find
                 out
                 a
                 better
                 ;
                 this
                 will
                 help
                 to
                 bear
                 charges
                 in
                 the
                 seeking
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 though
                 this
                 Art
                 be
                 not
                 the
                 Philosophers-stone
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 hath
                 the
                 
                   properties
                   of
                   it
                
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 like
                 it
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 above
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 is
                 it
                 not
                 more
                 to
                 turn
                 
                   wood
                   ,
                   earth
                
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 )
                 into
                 gold
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 turn
                 
                   Brass
                   ,
                   Tin
                
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 mettals
                 into
                 gold
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 some
                 likeness
                 to
                 it
                 already
                 ?
              
            
             
               
               
                 Let
                 Landlords
                 and
                 Tennants
                 agree
                 to
                 Plant.
                 
              
               
                 So
                 then
                 ,
                 Let
                 men
                 that
                 have
                 Lands
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 considerable
                 Estate
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 be
                 perswaded
                 to
                 
                   improve
                   them
                
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 and
                 
                   others
                   advantage
                
                 ;
                 and
                 herein
                 Landlords
                 might
                 greatly
                 
                   benefit
                   themselves
                
                 ,
                 their
                 heirs
                 ,
                 and
                 successors
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 would
                 encourage
                 their
                 (a)
                 Tenants
                 to
                 
                   plant
                   fruit
                   Trees
                
                 and
                 
                   other
                   Trees
                
                 upon
                 
                   their
                   Lands
                
                 ,
                 by
                 assuring
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 doing
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 enjoy
                 the
                 same
                 so
                 long
                 ,
                 or
                 have
                 such
                 other
                 recompence
                 ,
                 as
                 might
                 be
                 a
                 
                   sufficient
                   encouragement
                
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 labour
                 there
                 about
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 Tenants
                 fear
                 ,
                 and
                 suspect
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 they
                 labour
                 herein
                 ,
                 and
                 improve
                 their
                 Livings
                 by
                 such
                 means
                 ,
                 the
                 sooner
                 they
                 shall
                 remove
                 out
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 little
                 reason
                 to
                 stirre
                 a
                 foot
                 towards
                 such
                 a
                 work
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 An
                 increase
                 manifold
                 .
              
               
                 Hereby
                 mens
                 Estates
                 might
                 be
                 
                   increased
                   manifold
                
                 ,
                 by
                 many
                 and
                 great
                 profits
                 to
                 them
                 and
                 theirs
                 ,
                 for
                 many
                 Generations
                 .
                 Sir
                 
                   Rich.
                   Weston
                
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Legacy
                 ,
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   It
                   is
                   a
                   thing
                   much
                   celebrated
                   by
                   Antiquity
                   ,
                   and
                   thought
                   the
                   noblest
                   way
                   to
                   gather
                   wealth
                   ,
                   for
                   to
                   imploy
                   ones
                   wit
                   and
                   mony
                   upon
                   his
                   Land
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   to
                   Augment
                   his
                   Estate
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 Husbandry
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 mens
                 other
                 endeavours
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 sayes
                 ,
                 
                   If
                   you
                   observe
                   the
                   common
                   course
                   of
                   things
                   ,
                   you
                   will
                   find
                   ,
                   that
                   Husbandry
                   is
                   the
                   end
                   ,
                   which
                   men
                   of
                   all
                   estates
                   in
                   the
                   world
                   do
                   point
                   at
                   :
                   for
                   to
                   what
                   end
                   do
                   Souldiers
                   ,
                   Schollars
                   ,
                   Lawyers
                   ,
                   Merchants
                   ,
                   and
                   Men
                   of
                   all
                   Occupations
                   and
                   Trades
                   ,
                   toyl
                   and
                   labour
                   with
                   great
                   affection
                   ,
                   but
                   to
                   get
                   mony
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   that
                   mony
                   ,
                   to
                   purchase
                   Land
                   ;
                   and
                   to
                   what
                   end
                   do
                   they
                   buy
                   Land
                   ,
                   but
                   to
                   receiv●
                   the
                   fruits
                   to
                   live
                   upon
                   ?
                
                 Now
                 ,
                 this
                 being
                 the
                 
                   most
                   profitable
                   ,
                   and
                   pleasant
                   piece
                   of
                   Husbandry
                   ,
                
                 doth
                 especially
                 challenge
                 our
                 labours
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 live
                 ,
                 but
                 (
                 as
                 a
                 means
                 )
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 
                   live
                   in
                   health
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   live
                   long
                
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 praise
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 service
                 of
                 our
                 generation
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Nations
                 subsist
                 by
                 Husbandry
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 Husbandry
                 (
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 it
                 )
                 is
                 but
                 a
                 mean
                 imployment
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 many
                 ,
                 yet
                 we
                 know
                 by
                 Husbandry
                 ,
                 a
                 Land
                 or
                 Country
                 is
                 maintained
                 ,
                 even
                 the
                 greatest
                 and
                 
                   highest
                   persons
                
                 in
                 a
                 Nation
                 ,
                 generally
                 ;
                 Lesser
                 and
                 
                   smaller
                   matters
                
                 ,
                 facilitate
                 and
                 help
                 forward
                 the
                 greatest
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 
                   higher
                   powers
                
                 would
                 please
                 to
                 
                 enjoyne
                 ,
                 or
                 encourage
                 the
                 people
                 to
                 
                   Planting
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   wood
                
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 better
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 all
                 burthens
                 and
                 taxes
                 (
                 whatsoever
                 )
                 that
                 are
                 imposed
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 by
                 Authority
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 greatest
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   most
                   important
                   affairs
                   of
                   the
                   Nation
                   ,
                
                 will
                 be
                 much
                 furthered
                 thereby
                 .
              
               
                 Cider
                 and
                 Perry
                 are
                 of
                 great
                 use
                 in
                 
                   long
                   voyages
                   at
                   Sea
                
                 ;
                 and
                 store
                 of
                 Timber
                 might
                 in
                 certain
                 years
                 be
                 raised
                 for
                 building
                 of
                 Ships
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 kinds
                 of
                 
                   Oak
                   ,
                   Beach
                   ,
                   Chesnut-tree
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 kinds
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 whereby
                 there
                 might
                 be
                 a
                 continual
                 supply
                 thereof
                 ,
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 succeeding
                 generations
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Plant
                 Oak
                 ,
                 Ash
                 ,
                 Elme
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Wood.
                 
              
               
                 ANd
                 now
                 I
                 shall
                 make
                 some
                 small
                 digression
                 ,
                 and
                 step
                 a
                 little
                 aside
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Orchard
                 and
                 Garden
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 word
                 of
                 encouragement
                 ,
                 and
                 direction
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 planting
                 of
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Wood
                 and
                 Timber
                 ,
                 especially
                 
                   Oak
                   ,
                   Ash
                   ,
                   Elme
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 useful
                 wood
                 for
                 building
                 ,
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 purposes
                 ;
                 (
                 I
                 have
                 planted
                 and
                 ordered
                 
                   these
                   kinds
                   of
                   Trees
                
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Fruit-trees
                 )
                 
                 Hereby
                 men
                 may
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 blessing
                 of
                 God
                 )
                 exceedingly
                 advantage
                 themselves
                 ,
                 their
                 posterity
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Nation
                 :
                 Besides
                 the
                 usefulness
                 of
                 the
                 Wood
                 and
                 Timber
                 ,
                 store
                 of
                 Hogs
                 might
                 be
                 kept
                 with
                 the
                 Mast
                 (
                 which
                 makes
                 their
                 flesh
                 very
                 
                   sweet
                   ,
                   fat
                
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 )
                 and
                 some
                 say
                 Sheep
                 and
                 Poultry
                 ,
                 will
                 feed
                 upon
                 the
                 Mast.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Land
                 not
                 worth
                 28.
                 an
                 Acre
                 ,
                 made
                 worth
                 4
                 or
                 
                   5
                   l.
                
                 in
                 few
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 charge
                 and
                 labour
                 is
                 but
                 small
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 profit
                 in
                 time
                 ,
                 (
                 yea
                 ,
                 in
                 few
                 years
                 )
                 will
                 be
                 exceeding
                 great
                 .
                 Mr.
                 Blith
                 in
                 his
                 
                   Improver
                   ,
                   Improved
                
                 ,
                 affirms
                 ,
                 that
                 even
                 
                   boggy
                   land
                
                 ,
                 not
                 worth
                 above
                 two
                 shillings
                 an
                 Acre
                 ,
                 by
                 planting
                 it
                 with
                 
                   Willow
                   ,
                   Sallow
                
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 Wood
                 ,
                 and
                 draining
                 of
                 it
                 deep
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 worth
                 near
                 five
                 pounds
                 an
                 Acre
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 7
                 or
                 8
                 years
                 .
                 See
                 pag.
                 160.
                 of
                 his
                 Book
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Wood
                 on
                 good
                 Land
                 ,
                 worth
                 
                   60
                   l.
                
                 an
                 Acre
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 upon
                 better
                 land
                 ,
                 the
                 advance
                 and
                 profit
                 would
                 be
                 much
                 more
                 :
                 Upon
                 some
                 warm
                 good
                 land
                 ,
                 wood
                 being
                 planted
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 worth
                 
                   threescore
                   pounds
                   an
                   Acre
                
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 11
                 or
                 12
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 much
                 in
                 fewer
                 years
                 afterwards
                 :
                 see
                 the
                 proof
                 and
                 experiment
                 
                 hereof
                 ,
                 heretofore
                 made
                 by
                 Mr.
                 Cartwright
                 at
                 Billing
                 in
                 
                   Northamptonshire
                   ,
                   Improver
                   Improved
                
                 ,
                 pag.
                 157
                 ,
                 158
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 An
                 100
                 Ashes
                 sold
                 for
                 
                   500
                   l.
                
                 
              
               
                 See
                 the
                 experiment
                 of
                 a
                 Gentleman
                 that
                 planted
                 an
                 
                   hundred
                   Ashes
                
                 ,
                 and
                 lived
                 to
                 see
                 them
                 grow
                 to
                 that
                 bigness
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 sold
                 them
                 for
                 
                   five
                   hundred
                   pounds
                
                 ,
                 at
                 
                   fifty
                   years
                
                 growth
                 :
                 
                   Improver
                   Improved
                
                 ,
                 pag.
                 163.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Fifty
                 thousand
                 pounds
                 worth
                 of
                 Wood
                 in
                 an
                 Age
                 ,
                 by
                 one
                 man.
                 
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 Recorded
                 ,
                 that
                 another
                 Gentleman
                 (
                 together
                 with
                 his
                 workmen
                 )
                 planted
                 so
                 much
                 Wood
                 in
                 his
                 life
                 time
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 take
                 
                   fifty
                   thousand
                   pounds
                
                 for
                 it
                 .
                 See
                 
                   Improver
                   Improved
                
                 ,
                 pag.
                 163.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 A
                 necessity
                 of
                 Planting
                 Wood.
                 
              
               
                 Many
                 more
                 particular
                 instances
                 of
                 Experiments
                 might
                 be
                 brought
                 of
                 the
                 
                   great
                   profits
                   of
                   Planting
                   Wood
                
                 ,
                 and
                 but
                 few
                 men
                 but
                 see
                 ,
                 and
                 hear
                 of
                 advantages
                 this
                 way
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 we
                 have
                 encouragements
                 enough
                 to
                 this
                 work
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 we
                 consider
                 the
                 great
                 necessity
                 there
                 is
                 of
                 planting
                 all
                 sorts
                 
                 of
                 Wood
                 in
                 this
                 
                   Nation
                   ;
                   Wood
                
                 and
                 Timber
                 being
                 destroyed
                 and
                 wasted
                 every
                 where
                 ,
                 and
                 grows
                 very
                 scarce
                 and
                 dear
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 will
                 be
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 every
                 year
                 ,
                 unless
                 men
                 set
                 in
                 good
                 earnest
                 to
                 this
                 work
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 It
                 is
                 desired
                 the
                 higher
                 Powers
                 would
                 enjoyn
                 this
                 work
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 because
                 men
                 generally
                 have
                 been
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 be
                 negligent
                 in
                 this
                 great
                 and
                 important
                 business
                 ,
                 (
                 through
                 misapprehensions
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 carnal
                 selfish
                 Principles
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 cannot
                 reap
                 all
                 the
                 benefit
                 themselves
                 )
                 it
                 is
                 much
                 to
                 be
                 desired
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Higher
                   Powers
                
                 would
                 by
                 a
                 Law
                 ,
                 or
                 Injunction
                 ,
                 set
                 men
                 to
                 this
                 work
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 of
                 exceeding
                 advantage
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 and
                 future
                 Generations
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Reasons
                 for
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 First
                 ,
                 because
                 Timber
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Wood
                
                 ,
                 hath
                 been
                 of
                 late
                 times
                 very
                 much
                 wasted
                 and
                 destroyed
                 :
                 and
                 unless
                 men
                 set
                 to
                 this
                 work
                 ,
                 succeeding
                 Ages
                 will
                 very
                 much
                 want
                 timber
                 for
                 building
                 
                   ships
                   ,
                   houses
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 necessarie
                 uses
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 
                   great
                   waste
                   of
                   Wood
                
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 care
                 to
                 Plant
                 more
                 ,
                 
                 fuel
                 is
                 grown
                 scarce
                 and
                 dear
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 many
                 places
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 
                   poorer
                   sort
                   of
                   people
                
                 make
                 lamentable
                 mone
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 fire
                 in
                 cold
                 long
                 Winters
                 ,
                 whereas
                 by
                 diligent
                 planting
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 fuel
                 enough
                 for
                 all
                 people
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 except
                 there
                 be
                 more
                 planting
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Tanners
                   trade
                
                 (
                 so
                 necessary
                 in
                 the
                 Commonweal
                 )
                 is
                 like
                 to
                 fail
                 very
                 much
                 :
                 Bark
                 is
                 at
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 rate
                 already
                 ,
                 and
                 grows
                 yearly
                 dearer
                 ,
                 because
                 scarce
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 By
                 planting
                 Trees
                 in
                 the
                 Mounds
                 ,
                 the
                 fields
                 would
                 be
                 much
                 warmer
                 in
                 Winter
                 ,
                 and
                 cooler
                 in
                 Sommer
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 Cattle
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 commodities
                 there
                 ,
                 would
                 prosper
                 and
                 come
                 on
                 the
                 better
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Other
                 Nations
                 look
                 more
                 after
                 Planting
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 Recorded
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Romans
                 did
                 in
                 Ancient
                 time
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 Venice
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 )
                 appoint
                 Officers
                 on
                 purpose
                 to
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Woods
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 be
                 Planting
                 as
                 there
                 is
                 cutting
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 a
                 supply
                 continually
                 for
                 all
                 purposes
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 
                   Law
                   in
                   Spain
                
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 that
                 ●uts
                 down
                 own
                 Tree
                 ,
                 shall
                 plant
                 three
                 for
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 How
                 to
                 have
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 young
                 Oakes
                 ,
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Now
                 ,
                 that
                 men
                 may
                 have
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 
                   young
                   Sets
                
                 and
                 Plants
                 to
                 make
                 Woods
                 and
                 Groves
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 plant
                 in
                 the
                 fields
                 and
                 mounds
                 ,
                 They
                 must
                 (
                 in
                 Autumne
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Seed
                 is
                 ripe
                 )
                 gather
                 abundance
                 of
                 Mast
                 or
                 Acorns
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 
                   straightest
                   Oake
                   Trees
                
                 :
                 And
                 also
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 
                   Ash
                   keyes
                   ,
                   Cycamore
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Mast
                 of
                 the
                 Beach-tree
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 seeds
                 ,
                 *
                 and
                 sow
                 these
                 in
                 ground
                 Plowed
                 ,
                 or
                 dug
                 up
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 them
                 with
                 weeding
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 the
                 first
                 year
                 ,
                 (
                 others
                 as
                 they
                 grow
                 fit
                 )
                 to
                 transplant
                 abroad
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 ,
                 a
                 world
                 of
                 goodly
                 young
                 Trees
                 may
                 be
                 raised
                 :
                 Most
                 Ash-keys
                 will
                 lie
                 in
                 the
                 ground
                 until
                 the
                 second
                 Spring
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 come
                 up
                 abundantly
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Elme
                 Plants
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 young
                 sets
                 of
                 the
                 Elme
                 ,
                 many
                 come
                 up
                 from
                 the
                 roots
                 of
                 Trees
                 of
                 themselves
                 :
                 But
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 have
                 abundance
                 ,
                 this
                 must
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 Bare
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 some
                 Elme-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 roots
                 (
                 about
                 a
                 foot
                 ,
                 or
                 half
                 a
                 yard
                 from
                 the
                 body
                 )
                 quite
                 
                 asunder
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 will
                 shoot
                 forth
                 multitudes
                 of
                 young
                 Plants
                 (
                 having
                 small
                 Roots
                 )
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 with
                 a
                 Chisel
                 or
                 Knife
                 ,
                 and
                 planted
                 in
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 ground
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Nursery
                 ,
                 until
                 they
                 be
                 grown
                 big
                 enough
                 to
                 Transplant
                 abroad
                 into
                 the
                 Fields
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Cut
                 not
                 the
                 Tops
                 .
              
               
                 Cut
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 tops
                 of
                 any
                 young
                 Tree
                 that
                 you
                 intend
                 for
                 Timber
                 ;
                 for
                 cutting
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 will
                 make
                 it
                 spread
                 too
                 much
                 :
                 and
                 besides
                 ,
                 
                   Ashes
                   ,
                   Cycamores
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 kinds
                 ,
                 have
                 wide
                 great
                 piths
                 ,
                 and
                 wet
                 getting
                 in
                 ,
                 rots
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 hinders
                 its
                 growth
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Draw
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 the
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 Out
                 of
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 ground
                 sowed
                 with
                 Mast
                 and
                 other
                 Seeds
                 ,
                 abundance
                 of
                 young
                 Plants
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   enough
                   left
                   ,
                   which
                
                 need
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 be
                 removed
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 pruned
                 up
                 for
                 Timber
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 purposes
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Willow
                 ,
                 Osier
                 ,
                 Withy
                 ,
                 Sally
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 
                   Willowes
                   ,
                   Osiers
                   ,
                   Sallies
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 grow
                 of
                 cuttings
                 ,
                 
                 long
                 or
                 short
                 :
                 
                 The
                 Willow
                 (
                 especially
                 )
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 profitable
                 Wood
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 of
                 as
                 speedy
                 a
                 growth
                 as
                 any
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 profitable
                 for
                 firing
                 ,
                 and
                 divers
                 other
                 purposes
                 .
                 This
                 must
                 be
                 planted
                 on
                 
                   moist
                   land
                
                 :
                 The
                 worst
                 
                   boggy
                   land
                
                 (
                 especially
                 if
                 Treched
                 )
                 will
                 become
                 very
                 profitable
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 .
                 Sallies
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 bear
                 Palms
                 early
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 only
                 profitable
                 in
                 the
                 Wood
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 for
                 Bees
                 ,
                 in
                 hony
                 and
                 wax
                 ;
                 from
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 their
                 first
                 provision
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Soyle
                 best
                 for
                 a
                 Plantation
                 .
              
               
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Soyle
                 ,
                 or
                 ground
                 for
                 a
                 Plantation
                 of
                 
                   Oak
                   ,
                   Elm
                   ,
                   Beach
                   ,
                   Ash
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
                 We
                 see
                 by
                 experience
                 they
                 will
                 grow
                 and
                 thrive
                 ,
                 upon
                 almost
                 any
                 Land
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 
                   loose
                   warm
                   soyle
                
                 is
                 accounted
                 best
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 shelving
                 
                   upon
                   the
                   Sun
                
                 ;
                 upon
                 such
                 a
                 ground
                 they
                 will
                 thrive
                 much
                 faster
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 profits
                 will
                 be
                 greater
                 than
                 on
                 
                   cold
                   clay
                   moist
                   ground
                
                 .
                 Howsoever
                 ,
                 plant
                 any
                 ground
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 planted
                 ,
                 the
                 profits
                 will
                 be
                 great
                 and
                 many
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Posterity
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 And
                 now
                 I
                 return
                 again
                 into
                 the
                 Orchard
                 and
                 Garden
                 ,
                 and
                 shall
                 also
                 speak
                 somewhat
                 further
                 concerning
                 Vine-yards
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 some
                 are
                 very
                 confident
                 )
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 here
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 with
                 very
                 good
                 success
                 and
                 advantage
                 .
              
               
                 IT
                 is
                 Recorded
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 Vineyards
                 have
                 been
                 formerly
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 that
                 Tithes
                 have
                 been
                 paid
                 (
                 in
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 Gloucester-shire
                 )
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 Vineyards
                 there
                 .
                 See
                 Mr.
                 
                   Hartlibs
                   Legacy
                   of
                   Husbandry
                
                 ,
                 pag.
                 23
                 ,
                 and
                 24.
                 
                 And
                 that
                 a
                 Gentleman
                 in
                 the
                 Wild
                 of
                 Kent
                 ,
                 maketh
                 six
                 or
                 eight
                 Hogsheds
                 yearly
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Vines
                 :
                 that
                 he
                 hath
                 one
                 
                   old
                   Vine
                
                 upon
                 the
                 sides
                 and
                 tiles
                 of
                 his
                 House
                 ,
                 that
                 yieldeth
                 nigh
                 an
                 Hogshed
                 of
                 Wine
                 in
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 p.
                 26.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Camdens
                 Testimony
                 of
                 Vineyards
                 in
                 England
                 .
              
               
                 Camden
                 
                   in
                   his
                
                 Britannia
                 ,
                 
                   pag.
                   357.
                   says
                   ,
                   That
                
                 William
                 of
                 Malmesbery
                 writes
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Country
                 in
                 all
                 England
                 ,
                 so
                 thick
                 set
                 with
                 Vineyards
                 ,
                 as
                 Gloucester-shire
                 ,
                 nor
                 so
                 plentiful
                 in
                 increase
                 ;
                 the
                 Wines
                 thereof
                 made
                 affect
                 not
                 their
                 mouths
                 that
                 drink
                 them
                 ,
                 with
                 any
                 unpleasant
                 tartness
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 little
                 inferiour
                 
                 in
                 sweetness
                 and
                 odor
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 French
                 Wines
                 .
                 
                   And
                   Mr.
                
                 Camden
                 adds
                 ,
                 That
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 Reason
                 why
                 many
                 places
                 in
                 that
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 elsewhere
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 are
                 called
                 Vineyards
                 ;
                 And
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 sloathfulness
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 rather
                 then
                 any
                 indisposition
                 of
                 the
                 Aire
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Nation
                 yieldeth
                 not
                 Wine
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Mr.
                 Parkinsons
                 Iudgement
                 of
                 Vineyards
                 in
                 England
                 .
              
               
                 Howsoever
                 ,
                 Mr.
                 Parkinson
                 in
                 his
                 
                   Paradisus
                   Terrestris
                
                 ,
                 pag.
                 553.
                 tells
                 us
                 ,
                 he
                 thinks
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 fruitless
                 labour
                 to
                 strive
                 in
                 these
                 dayes
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 good
                 Vineyard
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 years
                 are
                 not
                 now
                 so
                 hot
                 as
                 formerly
                 ;
                 And
                 he
                 brings
                 experience
                 into
                 witness
                 the
                 thing
                 :
                 
                   That
                   divers
                   ,
                   both
                   Nobles
                   and
                   Gentlemen
                   ,
                   of
                   late
                   times
                   ,
                   have
                   endeavoured
                   to
                   plant
                   Vineyards
                   ,
                   and
                   brought
                   over
                   Frenchmen
                   to
                   do
                   it
                   ,
                   but
                   could
                   never
                   make
                   any
                   Wine
                   that
                   was
                   worth
                   the
                   drinking
                   ,
                   being
                   so
                   small
                   and
                   heartless
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   soon
                   gave
                   over
                   their
                   practise
                   .
                
              
               
                 And
                 also
                 ,
                 One
                 says
                 in
                 
                   Camdens
                   Brit.
                   pag.
                
                 269.
                 
                 
                   That
                   we
                   have
                   had
                   Vines
                   in
                
                 Britan
                 since
                 Probus
                 
                   the
                   Emperours
                   time
                   ,
                   rather
                   for
                   shade
                   than
                   fruit
                   .
                
              
               
                 Now
                 men
                 have
                 heard
                 the
                 Judgement
                 
                 of
                 Writers
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 is
                 Recorded
                 concerning
                 
                   Vineyards
                   in
                   England
                
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 do
                 as
                 they
                 see
                 cause
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 A
                 Vineyard
                 must
                 have
                 all
                 advantages
                 with
                 us
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 very
                 probable
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 some
                 special
                 Vines
                 ,
                 that
                 ripens
                 their
                 Fruits
                 early
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 do
                 with
                 us
                 )
                 were
                 planted
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 advantages
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 (
                 as
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   side
                   of
                   an
                   hill
                
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 South-East
                 Sun
                 ,
                 upon
                 on
                 a
                 
                   hot
                   sandy
                   soyle
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Vines
                   kept
                   short
                   and
                   low
                
                 ,
                 within
                 a
                 
                   yard
                   of
                   the
                   ground
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 ground
                 kept
                 
                   bare
                   without
                   weeds
                   or
                   grass
                
                 ;
                 it
                 's
                 likely
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 (
                 thus
                 planted
                 and
                 ordered
                 )
                 they
                 would
                 afford
                 good
                 Wines
                 ,
                 even
                 with
                 us
                 in
                 England
                 .
                 Or
                 if
                 Vines
                 (
                 some
                 early
                 kinds
                 )
                 be
                 planted
                 upon
                 the
                 South-sides
                 of
                 houses
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Morning
                   Sun
                
                 ,
                 and
                 spread
                 upon
                 the
                 Tiles
                 ,
                 no
                 doubt
                 the
                 Grapes
                 will
                 make
                 good
                 Wine
                 :
                 but
                 I
                 verily
                 believe
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   Vines
                   upon
                   level
                   ground
                
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 advantages
                 before
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 bring
                 forth
                 
                   Grapes
                   to
                   perfection
                
                 ;
                 it
                 's
                 likely
                 such
                 would
                 make
                 very
                 good
                 Vineger
                 or
                 Verjuice
                 ,
                 better
                 then
                 that
                 of
                 Crabs
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 An
                 experienced
                 way
                 for
                 good
                 Wines
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 seeing
                 we
                 have
                 such
                 a
                 known
                 
                   Experienced
                   way
                
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 
                   good
                   wine
                   in
                   England
                
                 
                 of
                 
                   Pearmains
                   ,
                   Pippins
                   ,
                   Moyles
                   ,
                   Redstreaks
                   ,
                
                 and
                 other
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 we
                 need
                 care
                 the
                 less
                 for
                 
                   Wine
                   of
                   Grapes
                
                 :
                 the
                 best
                 that
                 is
                 said
                 of
                 the
                 Wine
                 that
                 hath
                 been
                 made
                 in
                 England
                 of
                 Grapes
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   is
                   hath
                   been
                   little
                   inferior
                   in
                   sweetness
                   and
                   odor
                   to
                   the
                   French
                   Wines
                   :
                
                 but
                 the
                 commendation
                 of
                 Wine
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 
                   best
                   Apples
                
                 ,
                 is
                 far
                 higher
                 ;
                 
                   viz.
                   That
                   it
                   hath
                   been
                   esteemed
                   by
                   good
                   pallates
                   ,
                   not
                   inferior
                   to
                   the
                   best
                   Wine
                   of
                   Grapes
                   ,
                
                 ●all
                 things
                 considered
                 )
                 yea
                 ,
                 hath
                 been
                 preferred
                 before
                 it
                 .
                 See
                 pag.
                 145.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Hereafter
                 follow
                 divers
                 Experiments
                 and
                 Observations
                 (
                 promiscuously
                 )
                 without
                 dependance
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 1
                 IT
                 is
                 good
                 to
                 Plant
                 some
                 
                   Aprecot-trees
                   ,
                   Peach-trees
                   ,
                   Fig-trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 kinds
                 of
                 Trees
                 (
                 which
                 we
                 use
                 to
                 Plant
                 against
                 a
                 wall
                 )
                 upon
                 Standards
                 ,
                 to
                 grow
                 somewhat
                 low
                 ,
                 as
                 Dwarf-trees
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 upon
                 the
                 side
                 of
                 a
                 
                   South-hill
                   ,
                   Experience
                
                 shews
                 the
                 Fruit
                 will
                 come
                 to
                 ripeness
                 ,
                 but
                 be
                 somewhat
                 later
                 and
                 smaller
                 :
                 however
                 ,
                 this
                 saves
                 abundance
                 of
                 labour
                 and
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 cost
                 in
                 pruning
                 ,
                 and
                 nailing
                 the
                 branches
                 to
                 the
                 wall
                 yearly
                 .
                 The
                 Fig-tree
                 bears
                 an
                 excellent
                 
                   cordial
                   fruit
                
                 ,
                 it
                 doth
                 sensibly
                 refresh
                 the
                 Spirits
                 after
                 eating
                 ,
                 but
                 eat
                 
                 moderately
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 make
                 the
                 blood
                 to
                 abound
                 overmuch
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 the
                 ground
                 be
                 kept
                 bare
                 with
                 diging
                 ,
                 2
                 or
                 paring
                 often
                 ,
                 the
                 fruit
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 fairer
                 and
                 sooner
                 ripe
                 ,
                 the
                 reflection
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 from
                 the
                 bare
                 earth
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 almost
                 as
                 strong
                 as
                 from
                 a
                 wall
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 beaten
                 down
                 hard
                 after
                 digging
                 .
              
               
                 Moist
                 ,
                 3
                 waterish
                 grounds
                 ,
                 are
                 bad
                 for
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 they
                 
                   chill
                   the
                   Roots
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   cause
                   Moss
                
                 upon
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 the
                 Fruits
                 more
                 cold
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 a
                 worse
                 taste
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 same
                 kinds
                 on
                 
                   drier
                   grounds
                
                 :
                 but
                 if
                 Trees
                 must
                 be
                 planted
                 on
                 such
                 grounds
                 ,
                 lay
                 them
                 as
                 dry
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 by
                 ditches
                 and
                 trenches
                 ,
                 in
                 several
                 places
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 will
                 advantage
                 Trees
                 in
                 bearing
                 (
                 old
                 Trees
                 especially
                 )
                 to
                 put
                 
                   Pigeons
                   dung
                
                 ,
                 4
                 
                   Lees
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 
                   Ashes
                   ,
                   Brimstone
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 to
                 kill
                 worms
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 ;
                 or
                 to
                 put
                 some
                 blood
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   pieces
                   of
                   flesh
                
                 ,
                 to
                 their
                 Roots
                 :
                 also
                 state
                 Urin
                 mixed
                 ,
                 is
                 very
                 good
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 yet
                 beware
                 of
                 using
                 too
                 
                   great
                   a
                   quantity
                
                 of
                 these
                 hot
                 things
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 ,
                 some
                 Trees
                 have
                 been
                 quite
                 spoiled
                 with
                 blood
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 in
                 not
                 observing
                 therein
                 a
                 meet
                 quantity
                 and
                 
                   season
                   :
                   Wine
                
                 and
                 
                   hot
                   waters
                
                 refresh
                 our
                 bodies
                 used
                 moderately
                 ,
                 but
                 otherwise
                 are
                 hurtful
                 :
                 a
                 man
                 may
                 be
                 killed
                 with
                 Cordials
                 ,
                 if
                 immoderately
                 
                 taken
                 ,
                 so
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 Creatures
                 .
                 Also
                 to
                 water
                 Trees
                 in
                 blossoming
                 and
                 knitting
                 time
                 ,
                 makes
                 them
                 hold
                 their
                 fruit
                 better
                 .
              
               
                 5
                 If
                 Trees
                 thrive
                 not
                 ,
                 nor
                 bear
                 well
                 ,
                 one
                 cause
                 (
                 among
                 many
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 observed
                 )
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 some
                 
                   hurtful
                   creatures
                
                 may
                 breed
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   lie
                   about
                   their
                   Roots
                
                 ;
                 as
                 
                   Pismires
                   ,
                   Toads
                   ,
                   Efts
                
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 .
                 One
                 digging
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 a
                 Tree
                 that
                 did
                 not
                 thrive
                 well
                 ,
                 found
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 multitude
                 of
                 Efts
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 neast
                 of
                 them
                 lying
                 at
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 which
                 undoubtedly
                 was
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 the
                 poorness
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 :
                 so
                 of
                 other
                 such
                 like
                 creatures
                 ,
                 therefore
                 once
                 in
                 3
                 or
                 4
                 years
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 good
                 to
                 dig
                 and
                 turn
                 up
                 the
                 earth
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 especially
                 of
                 old
                 Trees
                 ;
                 and
                 withal
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 in
                 some
                 dung
                 
                   throughly
                   rotten
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   fresh
                   earth
                
                 .
              
               
                 6
                 Fruit-trees
                 planted
                 in
                 the
                 fields
                 ,
                 make
                 Grass
                 to
                 
                   spring
                   earlier
                   in
                   the
                   year
                
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 they
                 cause
                 warmth
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 
                   hot
                   sommer
                
                 they
                 shade
                 the
                 grass
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 burnt
                 up
                 in
                 some
                 other
                 places
                 :
                 also
                 ,
                 they
                 cause
                 much
                 grass
                 under
                 and
                 about
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 which
                 benefits
                 and
                 advantages
                 ,
                 do
                 more
                 then
                 recompence
                 for
                 the
                 sowerness
                 of
                 such
                 grass
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 suppose
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 .
              
               
                 7
                 The
                 profits
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 are
                 in
                 many
                 respects
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 the
                 fruits
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 eaten
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 long
                 ,
                 with
                 
                   Cider
                   ,
                   Perry
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 but
                 much
                 fuel
                 for
                 the
                 fire
                 may
                 be
                 had
                 from
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Prunings
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 
                   old
                   trees
                
                 past
                 bearing
                 ;
                 besides
                 ,
                 the
                 wood
                 may
                 be
                 sold
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 rate
                 to
                 Ioyners
                 and
                 other
                 workmen
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 
                   Chairs
                   ,
                   Tables
                
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Commodities
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 Vines
                 shoot
                 forth
                 exceeding
                 large
                 branches
                 yearly
                 ,
                 8
                 but
                 bear
                 little
                 :
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 case
                 ,
                 
                   bare
                   the
                   Roots
                
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 a
                 Mr.
                 Root
                 or
                 two
                 from
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 then
                 lay
                 some
                 
                   Sand
                   ,
                   Ashes
                
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 
                   hot
                   barren
                   soyle
                
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 this
                 will
                 abate
                 the
                 redundancy
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 and
                 conduce
                 to
                 bearing
                 Fruits
                 .
              
               
                 Grapes
                 may
                 be
                 kept
                 many
                 weeks
                 after
                 the
                 usual
                 time
                 of
                 lasting
                 ,
                 9
                 if
                 a
                 
                   Branch
                   of
                   a
                   Vine
                
                 be
                 drawn
                 into
                 the
                 house
                 (
                 especially
                 where
                 a
                 fire
                 is
                 kept
                 usually
                 )
                 and
                 nailed
                 up
                 with
                 the
                 Bunches
                 of
                 Grapes
                 upon
                 it
                 ;
                 or
                 if
                 Bunches
                 (
                 when
                 ripe
                 )
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 with
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 wood
                 ,
                 and
                 hang'd
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 
                   warm
                   room
                
                 where
                 a
                 fire
                 is
                 kept
                 ,
                 with
                 papers
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 from
                 dust
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 
                   School
                   boys
                
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 10
                 while
                 they
                 are
                 young
                 ,
                 set
                 upon
                 
                   planting
                   Oaks
                   ,
                   Ashes
                   ,
                   Elms
                   ,
                
                 and
                 other
                 Trees
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 probably
                 (
                 as
                 others
                 have
                 done
                 )
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 for
                 
                   building
                   ,
                   sale
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 even
                 themselves
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 persons
                 ,
                 unto
                 exceeding
                 great
                 profit
                 .
                 See
                 the
                 Experiment
                 of
                 a
                 Gentleman
                 that
                 planted
                 a
                 certaine
                 number
                 of
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 at
                 50
                 years
                 growth
                 sold
                 them
                 for
                 5
                 l.
                 a
                 Tree
                 ,
                 pag.
                 126.
                 
              
               
                 11
                 If
                 
                   young
                   set
                   Trees
                
                 are
                 in
                 danger
                 to
                 be
                 bark't
                 ,
                 or
                 hurt
                 by
                 Conies
                 ,
                 then
                 stick
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 bottome
                 of
                 the
                 Plants
                 ,
                 some
                 Furz
                 ,
                 (
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 branches
                 )
                 as
                 high
                 as
                 a
                 Cony
                 can
                 reach
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 can
                 never
                 touch
                 those
                 Trees
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 Mice
                 anoy
                 ,
                 or
                 hurt
                 any
                 Seed-beds
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 then
                 stick
                 ,
                 or
                 lay
                 down
                 
                   Branches
                   of
                   Furz
                
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 Bed
                 ,
                 as
                 close
                 as
                 can
                 be
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 seed
                 will
                 be
                 safe
                 ;
                 else
                 lay
                 Ratsbane
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 mixed
                 with
                 bread
                 and
                 butter
                 .
              
               
                 12
                 
                   Cherries
                   ,
                   Plums
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 fruits
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 had
                 after
                 their
                 ordinary
                 times
                 many
                 weeks
                 ,
                 when
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 kind
                 are
                 gone
                 ,
                 if
                 means
                 be
                 used
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 back
                 ;
                 
                   as
                   covering
                   a
                   Dwarf-tree
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   piece
                   of
                   rough
                   Canvas
                   ,
                   or
                   other
                   Cloth
                   in
                   Sommer
                   ,
                   and
                   wetting
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   to
                   keep
                   the
                   Tree
                   and
                   fruits
                   cool
                
                 in
                 a
                 hot
                 day
                 .
              
               
                 Or
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 to
                 Plant
                 a
                 Fruit-tree
                 ,
                 (
                 that
                 naturally
                 bears
                 fruit
                 late
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   great
                   bearing
                   Cherry
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 )
                 upon
                 the
                 North-wall
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Sun
                 beams
                 come
                 not
                 :
                 Trees
                 thus
                 ordered
                 ,
                 will
                 bring
                 forth
                 their
                 fruits
                 very
                 late
                 ,
                 when
                 all
                 others
                 are
                 gone
                 ;
                 and
                 such
                 will
                 be
                 as
                 rare
                 ,
                 and
                 acceptable
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 extraordinary
                 early
                 :
                 I
                 have
                 known
                 Cherries
                 on
                 a
                 
                 Tree
                 ,
                 
                 about
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 October
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 Month
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 November
                 :
                 Also
                 compass
                 a
                 small
                 Tree
                 ,
                 or
                 bough
                 full
                 of
                 Cherries
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Net
                 ;
                 this
                 preserves
                 them
                 from
                 Birds
                 and
                 from
                 Snails
                 ,
                 which
                 otherwise
                 can
                 hardly
                 be
                 kept
                 long
                 .
              
               
                 Snails
                 do
                 much
                 mischief
                 to
                 Trees
                 and
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 13
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 and
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 as
                 a
                 remedy
                 ,
                 care
                 must
                 be
                 taken
                 (
                 besides
                 picking
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 killing
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 )
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Garden
                 clean
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 from
                 weeds
                 ,
                 under
                 and
                 about
                 which
                 they
                 harbour
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 all
                 the
                 holes
                 and
                 chinks
                 in
                 the
                 walls
                 must
                 be
                 stopt
                 ,
                 and
                 poynted
                 with
                 Lime
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 cannot
                 get
                 in
                 to
                 lie
                 in
                 the
                 day
                 time
                 :
                 And
                 withal
                 ,
                 (
                 to
                 save
                 some
                 special
                 Trees
                 or
                 Flowers
                 from
                 Snails
                 )
                 strow
                 round
                 about
                 some
                 
                   sifted
                   Ashes
                
                 ,
                 the
                 snails
                 cannot
                 creep
                 over
                 it
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 the
                 Ashes
                 have
                 been
                 lately
                 strawed
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 may
                 have
                 Fruits
                 grow
                 within
                 the
                 house
                 ,
                 14
                 if
                 a
                 
                   branch
                   of
                   a
                   Vine
                   ,
                   Cherry
                   ,
                   Aprecot-tree
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 be
                 drawn
                 in
                 at
                 a
                 window
                 ,
                 and
                 nailed
                 up
                 upon
                 the
                 seeling
                 of
                 the
                 house
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 place
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 preserved
                 from
                 breaking
                 .
              
               
                 Or
                 to
                 set
                 a
                 small
                 Cherry-tree
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 kind
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 in
                 an
                 
                   Earthen
                   Pot
                
                 or
                 Box
                 (
                 with
                 a
                 hole
                 or
                 two
                 in
                 the
                 bottome
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 overmuch
                 Rain
                 or
                 moisture
                 may
                 not
                 rest
                 in
                 the
                 mould
                 about
                 the
                 roots
                 )
                 this
                 may
                 be
                 set
                 in
                 any
                 place
                 of
                 the
                 Garden
                 ,
                 and
                 taken
                 into
                 the
                 house
                 at
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 with
                 blossomes
                 ,
                 or
                 fruits
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   young
                   Tree
                
                 .
              
               
                 15
                 If
                 Apples
                 be
                 suffered
                 to
                 lie
                 a
                 certain
                 time
                 after
                 gathering
                 (
                 being
                 ful
                 ripe
                 )
                 before
                 we
                 make
                 them
                 into
                 Cider
                 ,
                 the
                 liquor
                 will
                 be
                 more
                 pleasant
                 and
                 delicate
                 ,
                 then
                 if
                 the
                 Cider
                 were
                 made
                 immediately
                 after
                 the
                 fruit
                 is
                 gathered
                 (
                 though
                 that
                 be
                 a
                 good
                 way
                 too
                 )
                 because
                 in
                 lying
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 somewhat
                 heating
                 together
                 )
                 the
                 more
                 waterish
                 part
                 flies
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 remains
                 ,
                 is
                 better
                 concocted
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 more
                 pleasant
                 .
              
               
                 16
                 After
                 the
                 Liquor
                 is
                 pressed
                 out
                 into
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 let
                 it
                 not
                 stand
                 ,
                 but
                 tun
                 it
                 up
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Aire
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 ,
                 draws
                 out
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 spirits
                 of
                 the
                 Liquor
                 ,
                 and
                 dulls
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 We
                 know
                 Wine
                 ,
                 or
                 Beer
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 Liquor
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 stand
                 open
                 in
                 a
                 Cup
                 ,
                 or
                 Glass
                 ,
                 though
                 but
                 half
                 an
                 hour
                 ,
                 (
                 or
                 a
                 short
                 space
                 )
                 they
                 loose
                 their
                 
                   best
                   spirits
                
                 ,
                 and
                 become
                 deadish
                 or
                 flat
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 Liquor
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 time
                 it
                 is
                 exposed
                 to
                 the
                 
                   open
                   Aire
                
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 while
                 it
                 is
                 new
                 ,
                 as
                 afterwards
                 .
              
               
                 17
                 Those
                 Flags
                 are
                 best
                 to
                 use
                 for
                 binding
                 of
                 Grafts
                 and
                 
                   Buds
                   inoculated
                
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 three-square
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 brown
                 colour
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 
                   middle
                   
                   size
                
                 :
                 the
                 bigest
                 are
                 too
                 hollow
                 and
                 spungy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 least
                 are
                 somewhat
                 too
                 small
                 and
                 weak
                 :
                 They
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 at
                 the
                 Mat-makers
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 of
                 the
                 year
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 cut
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 ditches
                 ,
                 and
                 dried
                 in
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 up
                 to
                 use
                 as
                 occasion
                 is
                 :
                 In
                 hot
                 and
                 dry
                 weather
                 in
                 grafting
                 time
                 ,
                 cut
                 them
                 a
                 convenient
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 tie
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 close
                 together
                 ,
                 so
                 moisten
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 they
                 will
                 keep
                 moist
                 ,
                 and
                 bind
                 well
                 in
                 grafting
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 very
                 succesful
                 that
                 we
                 
                   proportion
                   Grafts
                
                 and
                 Stocks
                 in
                 Grafting
                 :
                 18
                 That
                 is
                 ,
                 to
                 graft
                 the
                 
                   bigest
                   Grafts
                
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   bigest
                   Stocks
                
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 lower
                 we
                 Graft-stocks
                 ,
                 (
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 for
                 Standard-trees
                 ,
                 as
                 Apple-trees
                 ,
                 &c.
                 )
                 the
                 shorter
                 the
                 Grafts
                 need
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 becavse
                 all
                 must
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 except
                 only
                 
                   one
                   shoot
                
                 to
                 grow
                 up
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 a
                 short
                 Graft
                 ,
                 of
                 2
                 ,
                 3
                 ,
                 or
                 4
                 buds
                 for
                 such
                 low
                 stocks
                 is
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 unless
                 we
                 intend
                 those
                 low
                 Trees
                 for
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 or
                 for
                 a
                 Fruit-hedge
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 shewed
                 before
                 :
                 if
                 so
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 better
                 to
                 graft
                 upon
                 such
                 
                   low
                   stocks
                   ,
                   longer
                   grafts
                
                 ,
                 of
                 6
                 or
                 8
                 buds
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 it
                 may
                 have
                 many
                 shoots
                 and
                 branches
                 to
                 spread
                 .
              
               
                 Such
                 as
                 have
                 many
                 to
                 graft
                 ,
                 19
                 and
                 cannot
                 do
                 all
                 the
                 work
                 in
                 the
                 best
                 Season
                 ,
                 may
                 cut
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 they
                 will
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 laid
                 half
                 way
                 or
                 more
                 in
                 the
                 mould
                 ,
                 (
                 in
                 a
                 shady
                 place
                 is
                 best
                 )
                 and
                 so
                 we
                 may
                 be
                 grafting
                 till
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 April
                 ;
                 and
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 too
                 late
                 to
                 cut
                 Grafts
                 .
              
               
                 20
                 Many
                 get
                 Crab-stocks
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Woods
                 to
                 graft
                 upon
                 for
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 kind
                 of
                 stocks
                 are
                 not
                 (
                 by
                 far
                 )
                 so
                 good
                 ,
                 as
                 such
                 as
                 come
                 of
                 seed
                 or
                 kernels
                 ,
                 for
                 many
                 Reasons
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 shewed
                 :
                 they
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 ,
                 grow
                 poorly
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 grow
                 at
                 all
                 (
                 for
                 very
                 many
                 die
                 out
                 right
                 )
                 whereas
                 Plants
                 coming
                 of
                 Seed
                 (
                 and
                 ordered
                 as
                 is
                 shewed
                 ,
                 pag.
                 83.
                 )
                 grow
                 vigorously
                 ,
                 and
                 seldome
                 fail
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 better
                 and
                 more
                 Roots
                 then
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 an
                 innate
                 Spirit
                 (
                 from
                 the
                 Seed
                 whereof
                 they
                 came
                 )
                 which
                 makes
                 them
                 grow
                 better
                 then
                 slip-plants
                 ,
                 from
                 Woods
                 or
                 
                   Roots
                   of
                   Trees
                
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 also
                 they
                 are
                 worse
                 then
                 Seed-plants
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 being
                 commonly
                 
                   great
                   ones
                
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 grafted
                 in
                 the
                 Cleft
                 ,
                 which
                 often
                 occasions
                 rotting
                 of
                 the
                 heart
                 by
                 wet
                 getting
                 in
                 before
                 the
                 Graft
                 can
                 cover
                 the
                 head
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 :
                 whereas
                 Seed-plants
                 being
                 young
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 grafted
                 by
                 packing
                 on
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 shewed
                 pag.
                 ●6
                 .
                 and
                 so
                 are
                 sound
                 Trees
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 rotting
                 at
                 all
                 :
                 Also
                 
                   Seed
                   plants
                
                 are
                 commonly
                 more
                 
                   frim
                   ,
                   
                   straight
                
                 and
                 handsome
                 ,
                 then
                 Wood-stocks
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 preferred
                 before
                 them
                 in
                 these
                 and
                 other
                 respects
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Spring
                 and
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 21
                 keep
                 the
                 Nursery
                 (
                 of
                 young
                 
                   grafted
                   Trees
                
                 and
                 stocks
                 )
                 clean
                 from
                 weeds
                 ;
                 rake
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 weeds
                 on
                 divers
                 heaps
                 ,
                 (
                 being
                 pluckt
                 up
                 )
                 and
                 let
                 them
                 lie
                 till
                 they
                 be
                 dead
                 and
                 withered
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 scatter
                 them
                 about
                 again
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 much
                 labour
                 to
                 carry
                 them
                 off
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 it
                 will
                 much
                 impoverish
                 it
                 ,
                 seeing
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 weeded
                 often
                 in
                 Sommer
                 .
              
               
                 Young
                 Trees
                 that
                 are
                 grafted
                 low
                 ,
                 22
                 and
                 yet
                 are
                 to
                 make
                 Standard-trees
                 ,
                 these
                 must
                 be
                 pruned
                 up
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 
                   side
                   branches
                
                 ,
                 a
                 yard
                 or
                 an
                 Ell
                 high
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 high
                 as
                 men
                 please
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 afterwards
                 set
                 in
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 pruning
                 ,
                 take
                 heed
                 of
                 cutting
                 off
                 the
                 
                   side
                   twigs
                   or
                   branches
                   too
                   soon
                   ,
                
                 before
                 the
                 body
                 be
                 grown
                 somewhat
                 stiff
                 and
                 strong
                 ,
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 a
                 fair
                 head
                 :
                 for
                 otherwise
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 too
                 top
                 heavy
                 :
                 if
                 the
                 
                   side
                   branches
                
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 too
                 soon
                 ,
                 the
                 body
                 will
                 be
                 weak
                 and
                 slender
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 head
                 bushie
                 ,
                 and
                 too
                 heavy
                 for
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 cause
                 the
                 Tree
                 to
                 grow
                 crooked
                 .
              
               
                 Boughs
                 of
                 2
                 ,
                 23
                 3
                 ,
                 4
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 years
                 growth
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 taken
                 from
                 some
                 Trees
                 with
                 Roots
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 planted
                 in
                 other
                 places
                 ,
                 as
                 Dwarf-trees
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 in
                 a
                 Fruit-hedge
                 :
                 Thus
                 ,
                 sometime
                 in
                 May
                 or
                 Iune
                 ,
                 take
                 off
                 the
                 bark
                 of
                 a
                 bough
                 ,
                 about
                 an
                 inch
                 in
                 breadth
                 
                   round
                   about
                
                 ,
                 cut
                 it
                 above
                 and
                 below
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 off
                 all
                 the
                 bark
                 between
                 the
                 two
                 cuts
                 ,
                 then
                 take
                 an
                 
                   old
                   hat
                
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 
                   old
                   rag
                
                 or
                 cloth
                 (
                 or
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 will
                 hold
                 mould
                 )
                 and
                 tie
                 it
                 a
                 handful
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 ,
                 below
                 the
                 disbarked
                 place
                 ,
                 then
                 fill
                 it
                 up
                 with
                 some
                 good
                 earth
                 or
                 *
                 mould
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 above
                 the
                 disbarked
                 place
                 ,
                 as
                 below
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 the
                 mould
                 be
                 as
                 much
                 on
                 one
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 branch
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 afterwards
                 water
                 the
                 mould
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 it
                 moist
                 all
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 by
                 pouring
                 in
                 some
                 water
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 
                   Transplanting
                   time
                
                 ,
                 this
                 bough
                 may
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 below
                 the
                 disbarked
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 elsewhere
                 in
                 good
                 mould
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 bear
                 in
                 a
                 year
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 Sommer
                 after
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 Root
                 well
                 :
                 Now
                 observe
                 ,
                 this
                 cannot
                 be
                 done
                 upon
                 every
                 Tree
                 ,
                 no
                 kind
                 of
                 Stone-fruit
                 ,
                 neither
                 Aprecots
                 nor
                 
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   Plums
                
                 nor
                 Cherries
                 ;
                 nor
                 so
                 well
                 upon
                 many
                 kinds
                 of
                 Apples
                 or
                 Pears
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 of
                 the
                 
                   harder
                   
                   sort
                   of
                   Fruit
                   trees
                   ,
                
                 but
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 effected
                 upon
                 all
                 kinds
                 of
                 
                   Quodlings
                   ,
                   Nurs-gardens
                   ,
                   Quinces
                   ,
                   Gennet
                   -
                   moyles
                   ,
                
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 kind
                 of
                 Apple-trees
                 that
                 are
                 of
                 more
                 soft
                 and
                 porous
                 barks
                 ,
                 which
                 more
                 easily
                 put
                 forth
                 or
                 some
                 
                   knobs
                   or
                   roughness
                
                 which
                 turn
                 to
                 Roots
                 afterwards
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 although
                 there
                 be
                 Fruits
                 upon
                 boughs
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 disbarked
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 fruits
                 come
                 to
                 good
                 perfection
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 branches
                 make
                 a
                 convenient
                 growth
                 the
                 same
                 year
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 sap
                 passeth
                 up
                 through
                 the
                 pith
                 and
                 
                   pores
                   of
                   the
                   wood
                
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 Beds
                 that
                 are
                 sowed
                 with
                 Seeds
                 ,
                 24
                 of
                 any
                 kind
                 ,
                 (
                 
                   Apple-kernels
                   ,
                   Pear-kernels
                   ,
                   Plum-stones
                   ,
                   Cherry
                   stones
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 )
                 must
                 be
                 looked
                 unto
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 that
                 Mice
                 devour
                 them
                 not
                 (
                 as
                 hath
                 been
                 said
                 )
                 but
                 also
                 that
                 they
                 lie
                 not
                 
                   above
                   ground
                
                 ;
                 for
                 though
                 they
                 be
                 all
                 covered
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 first
                 sowed
                 or
                 set
                 ;
                 yet
                 we
                 shall
                 find
                 after
                 a
                 certaine
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Rain
                 that
                 falls
                 ,
                 will
                 have
                 wash'd
                 off
                 the
                 mould
                 from
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 lie
                 
                   on
                   the
                   top
                   bare
                
                 ;
                 therefore
                 take
                 a
                 stick
                 ,
                 or
                 something
                 else
                 ,
                 and
                 thrust
                 those
                 seeds
                 or
                 stones
                 ,
                 (
                 that
                 so
                 lie
                 bare
                 above
                 ground
                 )
                 into
                 the
                 mould
                 ,
                 25
                 an
                 inch
                 or
                 half
                 an
                 
                   inch
                   ,
                   otherwise
                
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 danger
                 to
                 be
                 lost
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 setting
                 young
                 Trees
                 (
                 of
                 any
                 kinde
                 )
                 take
                 heed
                 of
                 setting
                 the
                 Roots
                 too
                 deep
                 ,
                 
                 there
                 is
                 advantage
                 in
                 setting
                 shallow
                 ,
                 if
                 this
                 course
                 be
                 taken
                 ;
                 That
                 is
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Roots
                 are
                 well
                 placed
                 ,
                 and
                 spread
                 every
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 covered
                 with
                 mould
                 ,
                 then
                 lay
                 round
                 upon
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 (
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 )
                 a
                 barrowful
                 of
                 
                   rotten
                   dung
                
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 
                   fat
                   soyle
                
                 ,
                 or
                 (
                 for
                 want
                 thereof
                 )
                 some
                 
                   Litter
                   ,
                   Straw
                   ,
                   Hay
                   ,
                   Weeds
                   ,
                
                 or
                 any
                 such
                 like
                 stuff
                 ,
                 upon
                 ,
                 and
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 ;
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 half
                 a
                 foot
                 thick
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 it
                 is
                 better
                 :
                 This
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 keeps
                 the
                 
                   roots
                   warm
                   in
                   Winter
                
                 ,
                 and
                 cool
                 and
                 moist
                 in
                 Sommer
                 following
                 ;
                 so
                 also
                 it
                 adds
                 fatness
                 to
                 the
                 soyle
                 where
                 the
                 Trees
                 are
                 set
                 ,
                 and
                 preserves
                 them
                 from
                 weeds
                 ;
                 or
                 if
                 any
                 weeds
                 grow
                 ,
                 pluck
                 them
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 them
                 upon
                 and
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 the
                 new
                 set
                 Plants
                 ,
                 more
                 the
                 better
                 .
                 This
                 course
                 we
                 see
                 by
                 experience
                 ,
                 is
                 exceedingly
                 conducing
                 to
                 the
                 growing
                 and
                 thriving
                 of
                 Trees
                 newly
                 Planted
                 ,
                 many
                 die
                 for
                 want
                 hereof
                 ,
                 or
                 grow
                 very
                 poorly
                 .
              
               
                 26
                 In
                 cutting
                 of
                 Grafts
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 good
                 to
                 leave
                 a
                 bud
                 or
                 two
                 on
                 the
                 outside
                 of
                 the
                 cut
                 place
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 case
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Grafts
                 happen
                 to
                 be
                 broken
                 off
                 ,
                 such
                 Bud
                 or
                 Buds
                 on
                 the
                 outside
                 ,
                 will
                 spring
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 supply
                 the
                 defect
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 Graft
                 be
                 broken
                 off
                 ,
                 even
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Stock
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 often
                 observed
                 ;
                 but
                 some
                 Grafts
                 
                 broken
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Bud
                 ,
                 have
                 been
                 utterly
                 spoyl'd
                 .
              
               
                 Seeing
                 it
                 is
                 certain
                 (
                 from
                 experience
                 )
                 that
                 many
                 Fruits
                 comming
                 of
                 Seed
                 ,
                 27
                 and
                 were
                 never
                 Grafted
                 ,
                 do
                 make
                 excellent
                 Cider
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 judge
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   best
                   Cider
                
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 famous
                 Red●●reak
                 being
                 such
                 a
                 one
                 ,
                 even
                 but
                 a
                 Wilding
                 ;
                 )
                 It
                 is
                 good
                 therefore
                 to
                 sow
                 some
                 principal
                 good
                 Seed
                 of
                 Apples
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Nurse
                 up
                 the
                 Trees
                 to
                 bearing
                 Fruits
                 ;
                 whereof
                 we
                 may
                 have
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 special
                 Cider-fruits
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 any
                 happen
                 to
                 be
                 too
                 near
                 the
                 degree
                 of
                 Crabs
                 ,
                 then
                 graft
                 such
                 with
                 other
                 good
                 fruits
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 setting
                 or
                 sowing
                 of
                 Acorns
                 or
                 Mast
                 ,
                 28
                 
                   Ash-keys
                   ,
                   Cycamore-keys
                   ,
                   Chesnuts
                   ,
                   Seeds
                
                 of
                 
                   Maple
                   ,
                   Beech
                   ,
                   Thorn
                
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 men
                 may
                 (
                 if
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 diligent
                 herein
                 )
                 by
                 the
                 blessing
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 exceedingly
                 advantage
                 themselves
                 ,
                 their
                 posterity
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   whole
                   Commonweal
                
                 :
                 Hereby
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 (
                 in
                 certaine
                 years
                 )
                 Wood
                 and
                 Timber
                 enough
                 for
                 
                   building
                   of
                   Ships
                   ,
                   Houses
                
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 for
                 Fuel
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 purposes
                 :
                 That
                 poor
                 people
                 (
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 others
                 )
                 might
                 have
                 enough
                 in
                 
                   cold
                   long
                   Winters
                
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 
                   cry
                   out
                
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 almost
                 starved
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Fire
                 .
              
               
                 Hereby
                 would
                 be
                 sufficient
                 Bark
                 for
                 Tanners
                 at
                 a
                 cheap
                 rate
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Leather
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 now
                 exceeding
                 
                 dear
                 )
                 would
                 become
                 much
                 cheaper
                 .
              
               
                 Hereby
                 would
                 be
                 young
                 Trees
                 ,
                 sufficient
                 to
                 Plant
                 the
                 Fields
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 to
                 make
                 good
                 Mounds
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 the
                 same
                 would
                 make
                 the
                 Fields
                 much
                 warmer
                 in
                 Winter
                 ,
                 and
                 cooler
                 in
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 whereby
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Cattle
                 would
                 prosper
                 ,
                 and
                 come
                 on
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Commodities
                 growing
                 therein
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Owners
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Common-weal
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 then
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Profits
                   by
                   Planting
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   these
                   other
                   Trees
                   aforementioned
                
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 many
                 and
                 manifold
                 ,
                 more
                 then
                 I
                 am
                 able
                 to
                 declare
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               OBSERVATIONS
               Upon
               some
               part
               of
               Sr.
               
                 FRANCIS
                 BACONS
              
               NATURAL
               HISTORY
               ,
               As
               it
               concerns
               Fruit-trees
               ,
               Fruits
               ,
               and
               Flowers
               :
               Especially
               the
               FIFTH
               ,
               SIXTH
               ,
               and
               SEVENTH
               CENTURIES
               ,
               Improving
               the
               Experiments
               mentioned
               ,
               to
               the
               best
               Advantage
               .
            
             
               By
               
                 RA.
                 AVSTEN
              
               ,
               Practiser
               in
               the
               
                 Art
                 of
                 Planting
              
               .
            
             
               
                 Gen.
                 2.8
              
               .
               And
               the
               Lord
               God
               planted
               a
               Garden
               Eastward
               in
               Eden
               ,
               and
               there
               he
               put
               the
               man
               whom
               he
               had
               formed
               .
            
             
               And
               out
               of
               the
               ground
               made
               the
               Lord
               God
               to
               grow
               every
               Tree
               that
               is
               pleasant
               to
               the
               sight
               ,
               and
               good
               for
               food
               .
            
             
               
                 Gen.
                 1
                 29.
              
               
               And
               God
               said
               ,
               behold
               ,
               I
               have
               given
               you
               every
               herb
               bearing
               seed
               ,
               which
               is
               upon
               the
               face
               of
               all
               the
               Earth
               :
               and
               every
               Tree
               ,
               in
               which
               is
               the
               fruit
               of
               a
               Tree
               bearing
               seed
               ,
               to
               you
               it
               shall
               be
               for
               meat
               .
            
             
               OXFORD
               ,
               Printed
               by
               
                 W.
                 H.
              
               for
               
                 Amos
                 Curteyne
              
               ,
               1665.
               
            
          
           
             
             
             
               
                 Good
                 Reader
                 ,
              
            
             
               THE
               Author
               of
               this
               piece
               hath
               alwayes
               thought
               sit
               (
               I
               disclaime
               any
               worth
               in
               me
               that
               may
               deserve
               it
               )
               to
               give
               me
               leave
               some
               time
               before
               every
               Impression
               to
               make
               a
               judgement
               of
               what
               in
               this
               Nature
               he
               hath
               published
               .
            
             
               But
               now
               bearing
               Reverence
               to
               the
               Greatness
               and
               Honour
               of
               the
               Person
               (
               without
               Controversie
               for
               that
               Constellation
               of
               Learning
               and
               Nobility
               in
               him
               ,
               none
               of
               the
               least
               credits
               of
               our
               Nation
               )
               with
               whom
               he
               is
               now
               seen
               ,
               was
               desirous
               ,
               that
               I
               should
               not
               onely
               tell
               him
               ,
               (
               which
               at
               other
               times
               served
               the
               turn
               ,
               )
               but
               the
               Reader
               also
               ,
               my
               thoughts
               concerning
               this
               his
               adventure
               .
               Which
               are
               ,
               that
               no
               mans
               ought
               to
               judge
               him
               presumptuous
               in
               this
               particular
               ;
               I
               take
               him
               to
               be
               such
               ,
               who
               hath
               more
               
               mind
               to
               communicate
               to
               the
               World
               (
               for
               publique
               profit
               )
               what
               he
               has
               found
               by
               tryal
               certain
               ,
               than
               to
               make
               a
               book
               ;
               and
               indeed
               am
               Witness
               my self
               to
               the
               Truth
               of
               most
               of
               his
               Experiments
               ;
               the
               subjects
               of
               which
               no
               man
               dares
               call
               too
               low
               for
               the
               Pen
               ,
               that
               remembers
               the
               Author
               whose
               Writing
               first
               gave
               occasion
               to
               these
               Animadversions
               .
            
             
               The
               Nature
               of
               things
               ,
               Causes
               of
               their
               Generation
               ,
               and
               of
               all
               appearing
               effects
               in
               them
               ,
               is
               confest
               to
               be
               a
               dark
               Theme
               ,
               and
               for
               ought
               I
               know
               ,
               many
               questions
               there
               abouts
               are
               not
               likely
               to
               be
               concluded
               ,
               especially
               to
               the
               conviction
               of
               Gain-sayers
               ,
               till
               
                 Anaxagoras
                 ,
                 Epicurus
                 ,
                 Aristotle
              
               rise
               again
               :
               A
               little
               time
               by
               Gods
               Providence
               I
               have
               been
               continued
               in
               the
               world
               ,
               some
               small
               pittance
               of
               which
               hath
               been
               laid
               out
               in
               that
               search
               :
               I
               dare
               not
               say
               that
               I
               have
               been
               ascertained
               of
               the
               adequate
               ,
               and
               
                 true
                 causes
              
               ,
               with
               their
               
                 manner
                 in
                 Causation
              
               of
               any
               of
               those
               Vulgar
               appearances
               which
               are
               in
               all
               mens
               Fyes
               ,
               after
               the
               best
               state
               that
               I
               can
               make
               in
               this
               subject
               .
               
                 Fortasse
                 non
              
               ,
               if
               opposed
               ,
               may
               put
               me
               to
               a
               blanck
               ;
               nor
               am
               I
               confident
               of
               any
               mans
               Wisdome
               that
               concludes
               affirmatively
               more
               than
               this
               ,
               That
               such
               an
               effect
               may
               proceed
               in
               such
               a
               manner
               from
               such
               a
               Cause
               :
               Sometimes
               in
               many
               Opinions
               we
               have
               no
               probable
               causes
               assigned
               ,
               but
               when
               many
               probable
               ,
               
               than
               't
               is
               hardest
               of
               all
               to
               prove
               which
               is
               true
               :
               This
               I
               speak
               to
               take
               off
               the
               exceptions
               of
               such
               who
               are
               otherwise
               perswaded
               than
               our
               Author
               declares
               himself
               ,
               when
               the
               question
               is
               concerning
               causes
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               
                 481.
                 
                 Experiment
              
               :
               My
               Lord
               Bacon
               seems
               to
               maintain
               Anaxagoras
               his
               opinion
               concerning
               the
               way
               of
               generation
               and
               augmentation
               ,
               per
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               ,
               Mr.
               
                 Austen
                 Aristotles
              
               ,
               He
               not
               be
               bound
               that
               in
               a
               severe
               judgment
               the
               Master
               of
               our
               Schools
               shall
               have
               the
               sentence
               on
               his
               side
               :
               Yet
               we
               find
               few
               better
               Instances
               (
               then
               Mr.
               Austen
               brings
               )
               to
               explain
               how
               out
               of
               one
               nature
               (
               if
               indeed
               there
               be
               but
               one
               )
               in
               the
               juice
               drawn
               through
               the
               Roots
               to
               serve
               several
               Grafts
               upon
               the
               same
               Stock
               several
               natures
               may
               be
               made
               .
               Others
               may
               likely
               be
               offended
               at
               his
               refusal
               to
               attribute
               many
               effects
               to
               the
               
                 descention
                 of
                 Sap
              
               ;
               which
               whoever
               does
               ,
               I
               give
               him
               leave
               to
               blame
               me
               too
               ;
               for
               I
               have
               long
               believed
               the
               opinion
               of
               
                 descention
                 of
                 Sap
                 in
                 Trees
                 ,
                 a
                 vulgar
                 Error
                 ,
              
               and
               have
               always
               encouraged
               him
               to
               publish
               his
               arguments
               to
               the
               contrary
               .
               There
               may
               be
               others
               ready
               to
               stumble
               at
               other
               things
               ,
               but
               if
               it
               be
               in
               matters
               wherein
               we
               are
               so
               much
               in
               the
               dark
               ,
               by
               my
               consent
               for
               all
               mistakes
               we
               will
               enterchangably
               beg
               ,
               and
               give
               pardon
               :
               his
               arguments
               to
               me
               are
               all
               especially
               commendable
               in
               this
               ,
               that
               they
               smell
               more
               of
               the
               Garden
               ,
               than
               Library
               ,
               see
               
                 p.
                 100
                 ,
                 101
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               of
               his
               
                 Treatise
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
              
               .
            
             
             
               If
               therefore
               my
               judgment
               must
               be
               made
               ,
               I
               can't
               but
               commend
               him
               heartily
               ,
               and
               his
               example
               to
               all
               ,
               exercised
               in
               any
               like
               ways
               ,
               and
               doubt
               not
               but
               that
               it
               would
               be
               mightily
               to
               the
               advantage
               of
               knowledge
               in
               
                 Natural
                 Philosophy
              
               ,
               if
               even
               all
               to
               the
               lowest
               of
               Mechaniques
               would
               communicate
               the
               mysteries
               of
               their
               
                 Arts.
                 Interest
              
               indeed
               hinders
               most
               ,
               and
               so
               't
               is
               like
               to
               do
               ,
               from
               making
               any
               thing
               valuable
               common
               .
               But
               't
               is
               Heroical
               and
               
                 Noble
                 Charity
              
               ,
               when
               there
               's
               nothing
               but
               Self-interest
               hindering
               ,
               to
               deny
               that
               for
               the
               
                 Publique
                 good
              
               :
               I
               believe
               the
               Author
               expects
               to
               himself
               no
               Attributes
               of
               so
               high
               Qualities
               .
               I
               wish
               he
               may
               alwayes
               have
               his
               due
               ,
               at
               least
               from
            
             
               
                 (
                 Good
                 Reader
                 )
                 
                   His
                   and
                   Thine
                   ,
                   to
                   serve
                   thee
                   ,
                
                 R.
                 SHARROCK
                 .
                 
                   L.
                   B.
                   novi
                   Col.
                   Soc.
                
                 
              
            
          
           
             
             
               TO
               THE
               READER
               .
            
             
               COncerning
               my
               undertaking
               this
               ensuing
               work
               ,
               I
               give
               this
               Account
               :
               It
               may
               (
               perhaps
               )
               by
               some
               be
               thought
               too
               bold
               an
               attempt
               in
               me
               ,
               to
               examine
               the
               Writings
               ,
               and
               to
               Recede
               (
               in
               any
               thing
               )
               from
               the
               Judgement
               of
               so
               Eminent
               and
               
                 worthy
                 an
                 Author
              
               :
               To
               which
               I
               Answer
               ,
               For
               what
               I
               have
               here
               done
               ,
               I
               doubt
               not
               ,
               but
               if
               the
               Author
               himself
               were
               nor
               living
               ,
               he
               would
               approve
               of
               it
               :
               But
               more
               particularly
               ,
               let
               it
               be
               considered
               ,
               that
               those
               things
               which
               I
               have
               to
               do
               with
               herein
               ,
               are
               directly
               within
               the
               compass
               of
               my
               Calling
               and
               
                 course
                 of
                 life
              
               ,
               about
               which
               I
               am
               daily
               
               conversant
               :
               And
               the
               Author
               hath
               given
               to
               my self
               and
               others
               ,
               sufficient
               encouragment
               in
               this
               :
               Having
               said
               (
               in
               his
               Advancement
               of
               Learning
               )
               
                 That
                 the
                 Writings
                 of
                 speculative
                 men
                 upon
                 active
                 matter
                 ,
                 seems
                 to
                 men
                 of
                 experience
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 but
                 as
                 dreams
                 and
                 dotage
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 it
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 wished
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 that
                 which
                 would
                 make
                 Learning
                 indeed
                 solid
                 and
                 fruitful
                 )
                 that
                 active
                 men
                 would
                 or
                 could
                 become
                 writers
                 :
              
               Men
               that
               have
               experience
               in
               things
               ,
               are
               like
               to
               
                 see
                 into
              
               the
               Mysteries
               &
               
                 secrets
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 more
              
               and
               further
               ,
               then
               such
               as
               have
               notions
               and
               apprehensions
               of
               them
               without
               action
               and
               practice
               ,
               It
               is
               concluded
               ,
               and
               laid
               for
               a
               ground
               ,
               That
               
                 peritis
                 credendum
                 in
                 sua
                 Arte
              
               :
               Men
               are
               to
               give
               credit
               to
               Artists
               in
               their
               own
               faculty
               .
               And
               further
               observe
               ,
               that
               
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 ensuing
                 particulars
              
               ,
               are
               but
               only
               Queries
               set
               down
               by
               the
               Author
               ,
               wherein
               not
               having
               experience
               ,
               he
               desired
               further
               light
               from
               it
               :
               which
               I
               have
               endeavoured
               herein
               to
               resolve
               ;
               and
               wherein
               I
               have
               perceived
               a
               manifest
               mistake
               ,
               I
               have
               (
               for
               the
               Truths
               sake
               ,
               and
               
                 profit
                 of
                 men
              
               )
               discovered
               it
               .
               I
               hope
               ,
               without
               any
               reflection
               upon
               the
               Worthy
               and
               
                 Learned
                 Author
              
               ,
               who
               I
               verily
               believe
               ,
               would
               have
               encouraged
               any
               
                 Experienced
                 man
              
               ,
               in
               the
               like
               undertaking
               :
               not
               seeking
               himself
               ,
               (
               as
               he
               *
               professeth
               ,
               but
               the
               truth
               in
               these
               things
               ,
               for
               the
               
                 good
                 of
                 future
                 Generations
              
               .
            
             
             
               Let
               it
               be
               observed
               also
               ,
               That
               the
               Experiments
               set
               down
               by
               the
               Author
               in
               his
               
                 Natural
                 History
              
               ,
               are
               of
               two
               sorts
               ,
               as
               himself
               saith
               :
               
                 Experimenta
                 Fructifera
                 ,
                 &
                 Experimenta
                 Lucifera
                 :
                 Experiments
              
               of
               Light
               and
               Discovery
               ,
               (
               such
               as
               serve
               for
               the
               illumination
               of
               the
               understanding
               ,
               for
               the
               finding
               out
               ,
               and
               discovering
               of
               Natural
               things
               in
               their
               Causes
               and
               Effects
               ,
               that
               so
               Axioms
               may
               be
               framed
               more
               soundly
               and
               solidly
               )
               And
               also
               
                 Experiments
                 of
                 use
              
               and
               profit
               in
               the
               lives
               of
               men
               .
            
             
               Now
               ,
               the
               
                 Observations
                 upon
                 these
                 Experiments
              
               ,
               tend
               also
               to
               the
               same
               ends
               .
               I
               have
               endeavoured
               to
               improve
               them
               for
               most
               advantage
               ,
               and
               therefore
               have
               so
               much
               enlarged
               ,
               especially
               upon
               many
               of
               them
               ,
               and
               where
               I
               have
               been
               more
               brief
               ;
               and
               the
               thing
               required
               further
               discovery
               ,
               I
               have
               referred
               to
               it
               in
               my
               Treatise
               of
               Fruit-trees
               ,
               where
               it
               is
               spoken
               too
               more
               fully
               .
            
             
               And
               that
               there
               may
               be
               a
               brief
               view
               of
               what
               is
               contained
               in
               the
               ensuing
               Experiments
               and
               Observations
               ,
               I
               have
               set
               down
               the
               chief
               particulars
               in
               the
               Table
               following
               ,
               all
               which
               I
               recommend
               to
               thy
               Use
               ,
               for
               thy
               Profit
               ,
            
             
               
                 R
                 A.
                 AVSTEN
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
             
               OBSERVATIONS
               Upon
               some
               part
               of
               Sr.
               
                 FRAN.
                 BACONS
              
               NATURAL
               HISTORY
               .
               The
               V.
               CENTVRY
               .
            
             
               WE
               will
               now
               enquire
               of
               Plants
               or
               Vegetables
               ,
               And
               we
               shall
               do
               it
               with
               diligence
               .
               They
               are
               the
               principal
               part
               of
               the
               third
               days
               work
               :
               They
               are
               the
               first
               Producat
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               word
               of
               Animation
               ;
               for
               the
               other
               words
               are
               but
               the
               words
               of
               Essence
               :
               And
               they
               are
               of
               excellent
               and
               general
               use
               for
               Food
               ,
               Medicine
               ,
               and
               a
               number
               of
               Mechanical
               Arts.
               
            
             
               
               
                 Experiments
                 in
                 Consort
                 touching
                 the
                 Acceleration
                 of
                 Germination
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   THere
                   were
                   sowen
                   in
                   a
                   Bed
                   ,
                   Turnip-seed
                   ,
                   Wheat
                   ,
                   Cowcumber-seed
                   ,
                   and
                   Pease
                   :
                   The
                   Bed
                   we
                   call
                   a
                   Hot-bed
                   :
                   Horse
                   dung
                   (
                   such
                   as
                   will
                   heat
                   when
                   laid
                   together
                   )
                   laid
                   a
                   foot
                   high
                   ,
                   supported
                   on
                   the
                   sides
                   ,
                   and
                   mould
                   laid
                   thereon
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   fingers
                   deep
                   .
                   The
                   Turnip
                   see
                   and
                   Wheat
                   ,
                   came
                   up
                   half
                   an
                   inch
                   above
                   ground
                   ,
                   within
                   two
                   days
                   after
                   ,
                   the
                   rest
                   the
                   third
                   day
                   :
                   This
                   is
                   a
                   noble
                   Experiment
                   ,
                   for
                   without
                   this
                   ,
                   they
                   would
                   have
                   been
                   four
                   times
                   as
                   long
                   in
                   coming
                   up
                   .
                   It
                   may
                   be
                   tried
                   also
                   with
                   Cherries
                   ,
                   Strawberries
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   dearest
                   when
                   they
                   come
                   early
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Though
                 a
                 
                   Hot
                   bed
                
                 conduce
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 
                   speedy
                   springing
                   up
                
                 of
                 
                   Seeds
                   ,
                   Stones
                   ,
                   Roots
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 yet
                 the
                 end
                 cannot
                 be
                 attained
                 hereby
                 :
                 (
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 come
                 to
                 ripeness
                 earlier
                 the
                 others
                 for
                 profit
                 )
                 unless
                 there
                 be
                 a
                 continuance
                 ,
                 and
                 concurrence
                 of
                 Causes
                 from
                 first
                 to
                 last
                 ,
                 all
                 along
                 ,
                 without
                 intermission
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 hasty
                 and
                 
                   sudden
                   springing
                   up
                
                 of
                 seed
                 upon
                 a
                 Hot-bed
                 ,
                 is
                 but
                 a
                 forcing
                 of
                 Nature
                 for
                 a
                 little
                 while
                 ,
                 and
                 serves
                 to
                 excite
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 ,
                 
                   while
                   the
                   heat
                   continues
                   in
                   it
                
                 ;
                 but
                 what
                 shall
                 carry
                 on
                 
                 the
                 springing
                 and
                 growth
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 to
                 perfection
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Hot
                   bed
                
                 is
                 over
                 :
                 surely
                 as
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 springing
                 and
                 growth
                 becomes
                 weaker
                 and
                 weaker
                 ,
                 until
                 it
                 cease
                 altogether
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 will
                 the
                 effect
                 of
                 that
                 heat
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   growth
                   of
                   the
                   Plants
                
                 .
              
               
                 Steeping
                 of
                 Wheat
                 in
                 fat
                 Waters
                 and
                 other
                 Liquors
                 ,
                 
                 is
                 a
                 rich
                 Experiment
                 for
                 profit
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 goodness
                 of
                 the
                 Crop
                 answer
                 the
                 earliness
                 of
                 the
                 coming
                 up
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Steeping
                   of
                   Seeds
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Kernels
                   ,
                   Stones
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 is
                 chiefly
                 to
                 excite
                 the
                 spirit
                 of
                 the
                 kernels
                 or
                 seed
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 the
                 sooner
                 and
                 more
                 easily
                 to
                 open
                 ,
                 &
                 spring
                 up
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 which
                 some
                 kinds
                 have
                 much
                 need
                 of
                 ;
                 as
                 
                   Aprecots
                   ,
                   Almonds
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 thick
                 hard
                 stones
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Wheat
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 seeds
                 ,
                 steeping
                 will
                 excite
                 the
                 spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 o●en●
                 the
                 grosser
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 hasten
                 their
                 spinging
                 up
                 ;
                 But
                 I
                 conceive
                 the
                 vigour
                 and
                 virtue
                 (
                 gotten
                 by
                 such
                 steeping
                 )
                 will
                 be
                 soon
                 gone
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 lasting
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   natural
                   properties
                
                 of
                 the
                 seed
                 ;
                 Whatsoever
                 is
                 natural
                 ,
                 in
                 
                   Seeds
                   ,
                   Plants
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 doth
                 continue
                 ,
                 aud
                 cannot
                 fall
                 off
                 ,
                 or
                 be
                 lost
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 accidental
                 and
                 from
                 Art
                 ,
                 is
                 but
                 of
                 short
                 continuance
                 ,
                 and
                 soon
                 over
                 ;
                 (
                 like
                 the
                 virtue
                 of
                 a
                 
                   Cup
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 
                   meals
                   Meat
                
                 to
                 
                 our
                 bodies
                 )
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 end
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 attained
                 ,
                 unless
                 the
                 same
                 help
                 be
                 renewed
                 ,
                 and
                 often
                 repeated
                 ,
                 by
                 watering
                 of
                 such
                 
                   steeped
                   seeds
                
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Liquors
                 ,
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 till
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 perfection
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   Strawberries
                   watered
                   now
                   and
                   then
                   (
                   as
                   once
                   in
                   three
                   days
                   )
                   with
                   water
                   ,
                   wherein
                   hath
                   been
                   steeped
                   Sheeps-dung
                   ,
                   or
                   Pigeon●-dung
                   ,
                   will
                   prevent
                   ,
                   and
                   come
                   early
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 good
                 Experiment
                 ,
                 and
                 profitable
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Berries
                 earlier
                 and
                 fairer
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 be
                 seasonably
                 and
                 moderately
                 done
                 .
                 I
                 conceive
                 the
                 morning
                 is
                 best
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 Sun
                 be
                 hot
                 ;
                 but
                 water
                 them
                 not
                 
                   too
                   often
                
                 ,
                 nor
                 
                   too
                   much
                
                 ,
                 lest
                 it
                 make
                 the
                 ground
                 
                   too
                   rank
                
                 and
                 fat
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 good
                 for
                 Strawberries
                 ;
                 it
                 makes
                 them
                 commonly
                 run
                 into
                 great
                 leaves
                 and
                 strings
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 bear
                 Fruits
                 less
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   Dung
                   ,
                   or
                   Chalk
                   ,
                   or
                   Blood
                   ,
                   applyed
                   in
                   substance
                   ,
                   (
                   seasonably
                   )
                   to
                   the
                   Roots
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   doth
                   set
                   them
                   forwards
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 
                 Too
                 great
                 a
                 quantity
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 will
                 hurt
                 ,
                 especially
                 young
                 Trees
                 ;
                 as
                 the
                 best
                 meats
                 and
                 drinks
                 ,
                 immoderately
                 and
                 unseasonably
                 taken
                 ,
                 hurt
                 men
                 :
                 Blood
                 ,
                 or
                 Flesh
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 applied
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 old
                 Vines
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 Fruit
                 trees
                 ,
                 being
                 decayed
                 or
                 old
                 ,
                 will
                 refresh
                 them
                 greatly
                 :
                 Let
                 this
                 be
                 done
                 before
                 Winter
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 Winter
                 time
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 the
                 virtue
                 thereof
                 may
                 soke
                 into
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Earth
                 about
                 them
                 before
                 the
                 spring
                 :
                 And
                 also
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 noysome
                 or
                 offensive
                 in
                 Spring
                 ,
                 or
                 Sommer
                 after
                 :
                 Dig
                 up
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 and
                 bare
                 the
                 Roots
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 and
                 poure
                 in
                 the
                 Blood
                 ,
                 or
                 lay
                 the
                 Dung
                 ,
                 Flesh
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 fat
                 substance
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 cover
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 mould
                 all
                 over
                 :
                 Otherwise
                 take
                 a
                 Barre
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 many
                 holes
                 among
                 and
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 old
                 Trees
                 (
                 especially
                 where
                 the
                 ground
                 is
                 bad
                 )
                 and
                 poure
                 in
                 blood
                 of
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 fat
                 water
                 or
                 such
                 like
                 ;
                 this
                 will
                 much
                 refresh
                 the
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Fruit-trees
                   upon
                   a
                   South
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   or
                   South-east
                   wall
                   ,
                   will
                   bring
                   forth
                   their
                   fruits
                   early
                   .
                
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 the
                 
                   South
                   wall
                
                 is
                 best
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   South
                   east
                
                 next
                 ,
                 to
                 Plant
                 choice
                 Trees
                 upon
                 to
                 come
                 early
                 ;
                 the
                 Reason
                 why
                 the
                 West-wall
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 good
                 as
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 for
                 
                   early
                   budding
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   ripening
                   of
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 is
                 mainly
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 is
                 usually
                 more
                 rain
                 and
                 moisture
                 ,
                 and
                 greater
                 and
                 more
                 winds
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 in
                 Spring
                 and
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 then
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 much
                 cool
                 the
                 Trees
                 and
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 retard
                 .
                 Also
                 May-Cherries
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 kinds
                 ,
                 which
                 naturally
                 bud
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 fruits
                 early
                 ,
                 being
                 planted
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 here
                 said
                 )
                 against
                 the
                 
                 
                   back
                   of
                   a
                   Chimny
                
                 where
                 fire
                 is
                 much
                 kept
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 will
                 bud
                 ,
                 and
                 bear
                 very
                 early
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 the
                 wall
                 be
                 of
                 brick
                 ,
                 and
                 but
                 a
                 thin
                 wall
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   Digging
                   ,
                   and
                   loosening
                   the
                   earth
                   about
                   the
                   Roots
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   accelerate
                   Germination
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 This
                 culture
                 is
                 undoubtedly
                 a
                 benefit
                 to
                 Trees
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 their
                 
                   increase
                   and
                   growth
                
                 :
                 they
                 will
                 
                   thrive
                   the
                   faster
                   hereby
                
                 ;
                 but
                 I
                 conceive
                 not
                 as
                 to
                 accelerate
                 Germination
                 ,
                 to
                 hasten
                 
                   early
                   budding
                
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 Trees
                 bad
                 forth
                 before
                 they
                 draw
                 one
                 jot
                 of
                 Sap
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 :
                 there
                 is
                 Sap
                 existing
                 in
                 the
                 buds
                 and
                 branches
                 all
                 the
                 Winter
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 excited
                 by
                 the
                 Sunnes
                 drawing
                 near
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 breaketh
                 forth
                 into
                 blossome
                 and
                 leaf
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 degrees
                 Sap
                 riseth
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 springing
                 and
                 growth
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   A
                   Damask-Rose-tree
                   in
                   water
                   ,
                   budded
                   in
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   ten
                   days
                   in
                   a
                   Chamber
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 I
                 conceive
                 this
                 Acceleration
                 was
                 not
                 for
                 that
                 is
                 was
                 set
                 in
                 water
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 the
                 air
                 was
                 somewhat
                 warmer
                 in
                 the
                 house
                 ,
                 then
                 out
                 of
                 dores
                 at
                 that
                 season
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 in
                 October
                 ;
                 it
                 would
                 have
                 done
                 as
                 much
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 set
                 in
                 earth
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 difference
                 betwixt
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 with
                 the
                 Horse-dung
                 mixed
                 ;
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 that
                 Rose-tree
                 in
                 water
                 onely
                 ,
                 had
                 the
                 better
                 and
                 
                 more
                 Roots
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 certainly
                 cause
                 budding
                 sooner
                 .
              
               
                 
                   A
                   Dutch
                   Flower
                   that
                   had
                   a
                   bulbous
                   Root
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   was
                   put
                   under
                   water
                   ,
                   and
                   within
                   seven
                   days
                   sprouted
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 tryed
                 several
                 Flowers
                 with
                 
                   Bulbous
                   Roots
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 other
                 kinds
                 of
                 Roots
                 in
                 water
                 in
                 the
                 house
                 in
                 Autumne
                 ,
                 which
                 kept
                 fresh
                 ,
                 and
                 seemed
                 to
                 come
                 on
                 somewhat
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 ,
                 but
                 afterwards
                 flag'd
                 and
                 faded
                 ;
                 I
                 know
                 no
                 advantage
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 had
                 hereby
                 at
                 that
                 season
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Aire
                 (
                 in
                 a
                 while
                 )
                 grows
                 chil
                 and
                 cool
                 ,
                 even
                 within
                 dores
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 puts
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 growth
                 in
                 all
                 vegetables
                 .
              
               
                 
                   If
                   Roots
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   or
                   Pease
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                   may
                   be
                   accelerated
                   in
                   their
                   coming
                   ,
                   a
                   double
                   profit
                   may
                   be
                   made
                   ;
                   in
                   some
                   strong
                   grounds
                   you
                   shall
                   have
                   Radish
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
                   in
                   a
                   Month.
                
                 
              
               
                 Pease
                 ,
                 
                 Radish
                 ,
                 &c.
                 are
                 hastened
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 and
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 returns
                 quick
                 ,
                 chiefly
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 sowed
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 in
                 a
                 warm
                 place
                 ,
                 upon
                 ground
                 sloping
                 upon
                 the
                 South-East
                 Sun
                 ;
                 with
                 some
                 special
                 shelters
                 from
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   cold
                   Winds
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                   For
                   Nourishment
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   water
                   is
                   almost
                   all
                   in
                   all
                   ,
                   therefore
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   comfortable
                   Experiment
                   for
                   good
                   drinkers
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 
                 
                   Simply
                   water
                
                 affords
                 but
                 a
                 feeble
                 and
                 weak
                 nourishment
                 ,
                 crude
                 and
                 cold
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 we
                 see
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 low
                 watrish
                 grounds
                 ,
                 fruit-trees
                 come
                 on
                 poorly
                 ,
                 being
                 full
                 of
                 Moss
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 cold
                 nourishment
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 
                   dryer
                   ,
                   deep
                   ,
                   fat
                   soyls
                   ,
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 are
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 times
                 bigger
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 longer
                 liv'd
                 then
                 those
                 in
                 waterish
                 grounds
                 :
                 Neither
                 is
                 this
                 a
                 comfortable
                 experiment
                 for
                 
                   good
                   drinkers
                
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 quite
                 contrary
                 ;
                 for
                 Experience
                 shews
                 us
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 live
                 most
                 upon
                 good
                 Liquors
                 (
                 eating
                 but
                 little
                 )
                 are
                 more
                 
                   unsound
                   ,
                   unhealthy
                   people
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   short
                   lived
                
                 ,
                 then
                 those
                 who
                 drink
                 less
                 ,
                 and
                 feed
                 upon
                 solid
                 meats
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   Housing
                   of
                   Plants
                   will
                   accelerate
                   Germination
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Certainly
                 it
                 will
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Plants
                 be
                 ordered
                 with
                 discretion
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 seasonably
                 set
                 out
                 in
                 the
                 Sunne
                 and
                 Rain
                 in
                 the
                 warmest
                 seasons
                 ,
                 and
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 day
                 ,
                 (
                 removing
                 the
                 Box
                 of
                 earth
                 in
                 and
                 out
                 ,
                 as
                 occasion
                 is
                 )
                 or
                 otherwise
                 Housing
                 may
                 spoil
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 the
                 branches
                 and
                 twigs
                 to
                 contract
                 ,
                 and
                 become
                 dry
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 the
                 Aire
                 within
                 dores
                 ,
                 is
                 warmer
                 then
                 that
                 without
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 it
                 is
                 drier
                 ,
                 and
                 does
                 exhaust
                 and
                 dry
                 the
                 Plants
                 more
                 ,
                 therefore
                 they
                 have
                 need
                 sometimes
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 moist
                 Aire
                 without
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 Experiments
                 touching
                 the
                 putting
                 back
                 ,
                 or
                 Retardation
                 of
                 Germination
                 .
              
               
                 
                   TO
                   make
                   Roses
                   come
                   late
                
                 .
                 
                 First
                 ,
                 
                   cut
                   them
                   after
                   bearing
                
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 may
                 be
                 a
                 means
                 as
                 to
                 some
                 Rose-trees
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 old
                 :
                 I
                 have
                 known
                 some
                 of
                 long
                 standing
                 ,
                 perhaps
                 a
                 dozen
                 ,
                 sixteen
                 ,
                 or
                 twenty
                 years
                 of
                 age
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 seven
                 or
                 eight
                 years
                 ,
                 (
                 cut
                 newly
                 after
                 bearing
                 )
                 have
                 born
                 Roses
                 again
                 a
                 second
                 time
                 ,
                 late
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 ,
                 being
                 cut
                 the
                 next
                 full
                 Moon
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 done
                 bearing
                 ;
                 but
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 I
                 have
                 (
                 amongst
                 many
                 other
                 kinds
                 )
                 which
                 naturally
                 bears
                 a
                 second
                 time
                 ,
                 although
                 the
                 tree
                 be
                 but
                 small
                 and
                 young
                 ;
                 besides
                 the
                 Rose
                 called
                 the
                 
                   Monthly
                   Rose
                
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Pulling
                   off
                   the
                   buds
                   of
                   the
                   Roses
                   that
                   first
                   spring
                   forth
                   .
                
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 tried
                 this
                 second
                 way
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 succeeded
                 not
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Trees
                 were
                 young
                 ;
                 but
                 one
                 affirmed
                 ,
                 he
                 pluckt
                 off
                 some
                 buds
                 in
                 the
                 spring
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Tree
                 bore
                 Roses
                 in
                 November
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Cutting
                   top
                   Boughs
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 hath
                 been
                 tried
                 also
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 was
                 ineffectual
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Tryal
                 was
                 upon
                 young
                 
                 Trees
                 :
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 Report
                 that
                 followes
                 in
                 this
                 
                   Experiment
                   of
                   Sions
                   perishing
                   if
                   the
                   old
                   top
                   boughs
                   be
                   cut
                   off
                   ,
                
                 it
                 is
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 common
                 Experiment
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 all
                 the
                 boughs
                 of
                 a
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 graft
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 grafts
                 will
                 not
                 onely
                 not
                 perish
                 ,
                 but
                 grow
                 the
                 better
                 therefore
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 all
                 the
                 Sap
                 to
                 themselves
                 ,
                 which
                 naturally
                 riseth
                 (
                 the
                 Sun
                 also
                 drawing
                 it
                 up
                 )
                 without
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 any
                 top
                 bough
                 lef●
                 ,
                 as
                 continual
                 Experience
                 shews
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 
                   Laying
                   the
                   Roots
                   bare
                   about
                   the
                   end
                   of
                
                 December
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Many
                 hundreds
                 of
                 Trees
                 are
                 thus
                 bared
                 ,
                 yet
                 I
                 find
                 no
                 difference
                 at
                 all
                 in
                 the
                 late
                 budding
                 or
                 bearing
                 of
                 such
                 trees
                 from
                 others
              
               
                 
                 Fifthly
                 ,
                 
                   Removing
                   the
                   Tree
                   some
                   Months
                   before
                   it
                   buddeth
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 indeed
                 ,
                 removing
                 of
                 Trees
                 (
                 especially
                 so
                 late
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 )
                 must
                 needs
                 retard
                 Germination
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 bud
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 commonly
                 such
                 faile
                 ,
                 or
                 grow
                 very
                 poorly
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Sixthly
                 ,
                 
                   Crafting
                   Roses
                   in
                
                 May.
                 
              
               
                 I
                 know
                 one
                 that
                 tried
                 this
                 Experiment
                 :
                 Inoculating
                 (
                 not
                 Grafting
                 )
                 Buds
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 badded
                 for
                 Roses
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 that
                 others
                 (
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 kind
                 )
                 did
                 ;
                 which
                 buds
                 being
                 cut
                 off
                 they
                 bore
                 Roses
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 year
                 ,
                 
                 when
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 kind
                 were
                 gone
                 .
              
               
                 Seventhly
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Girding
                   the
                   body
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   with
                   some
                   Packthread
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 will
                 not
                 do
                 it
                 neither
                 ;
                 
                 we
                 see
                 commonly
                 ,
                 that
                 Grafts
                 tied
                 strait
                 ,
                 with
                 strong
                 flags
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 branches
                 of
                 Wall-trees
                 nailed
                 straight
                 to
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 the
                 back
                 dinted
                 in
                 with
                 the
                 straitness
                 of
                 the
                 Leather
                 and
                 bands
                 ,
                 yet
                 for
                 all
                 that
                 ,
                 Sap
                 riseth
                 plentifully
                 through
                 the
                 place
                 (
                 so
                 girded
                 )
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 branch
                 ,
                 and
                 buds
                 are
                 as
                 forward
                 on
                 that
                 branch
                 ,
                 as
                 on
                 any
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 Eightly
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Planting
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   shade
                
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 known
                 
                   Rose-trees
                   in
                   a
                   shady
                   place
                
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 not
                 bore
                 at
                 all
                 ;
                 
                 it
                 's
                 a
                 tree
                 that
                 loves
                 the
                 Sun.
                 So
                 this
                 Experiment
                 will
                 not
                 hold
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 tried
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 succeeds
                 not
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Experiments
                 touching
                 the
                 Melioration
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 Plants
                 .
              
               
                 
                   AN
                   heap
                   of
                   Flint
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   or
                   Stone
                   ,
                   laid
                   about
                   the
                   bottome
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   first
                   Planting
                   ,
                   makes
                   it
                   prosper
                   much
                   .
                
              
               
                 Stones
                 laid
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Roots
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 
                 when
                 newly
                 set
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 good
                 Experiment
                 
                 in
                 some
                 grounds
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 in
                 all
                 :
                 it
                 's
                 true
                 ,
                 stones
                 so
                 laid
                 ,
                 keep
                 the
                 Root
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 somewhat
                 more
                 moist
                 ,
                 and
                 warm
                 ,
                 and
                 stedy
                 ,
                 that
                 winds
                 shake
                 it
                 not
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 are
                 profitable
                 ,
                 but
                 there
                 is
                 danger
                 (
                 in
                 some
                 grounds
                 )
                 lest
                 they
                 harbor
                 Ants
                 ,
                 or
                 Pismires
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 Tree
                 Root
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 stones
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 hurt
                 and
                 destruction
                 of
                 divers
                 young
                 Trees
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 safer
                 and
                 better
                 way
                 to
                 lay
                 a
                 good
                 quantity
                 of
                 
                   rotten
                   dung
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Litter
                   straw
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 new
                 set
                 Trees
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 mould
                 ,
                 this
                 keeps
                 them
                 warm
                 in
                 Winter
                 ,
                 and
                 cool
                 aud
                 moist
                 in
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 and
                 stedy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 moisture
                 ,
                 and
                 fatness
                 of
                 the
                 mock
                 ,
                 sokes
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 refreshes
                 the
                 Tree
                 very
                 much
                 :
                 or
                 for
                 want
                 thereof
                 ,
                 lay
                 a
                 heap
                 of
                 weeds
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 new
                 set
                 
                   Tree
                   Roots
                
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 all
                 the
                 next
                 Sommer
                 after
                 ;
                 these
                 things
                 are
                 special
                 advantages
                 to
                 new
                 set
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   A
                   Tree
                   at
                   first
                   setting
                   should
                   not
                   be
                   shaken
                   ,
                   but
                   after
                   a
                   years
                   rooting
                   then
                   shaking
                   is
                   good
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 When
                 young
                 Trees
                 are
                 first
                 planted
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 very
                 convenient
                 to
                 set
                 a
                 stake
                 to
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 tie
                 them
                 together
                 with
                 a
                 hay-band
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 soft
                 band
                 ,
                 that
                 winds
                 shake
                 them
                 not
                 :
                 and
                 this
                 not
                 for
                 a
                 year
                 onely
                 ,
                 but
                 divers
                 years
                 ,
                 until
                 the
                 young
                 Tree
                 be
                 
                 well
                 rooted
                 in
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 be
                 grown
                 strong
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 winds
                 bow
                 not
                 their
                 bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 them
                 to
                 grow
                 crooked
                 ,
                 which
                 fault
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 in
                 very
                 many
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Cutting
                   away
                   suckers
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   and
                   side
                   boughes
                   ,
                   make
                   Trees
                   grow
                   high
                   .
                
              
               
                 All
                 suckers
                 must
                 be
                 cut
                 away
                 from
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 Trees
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 as
                 for
                 
                   side
                   branches
                
                 ,
                 those
                 may
                 be
                 cut
                 as
                 men
                 are
                 minded
                 to
                 have
                 their
                 Trees
                 to
                 spread
                 ,
                 nearer
                 ,
                 or
                 higher
                 from
                 the
                 ground
                 :
                 but
                 cut
                 not
                 the
                 side
                 branches
                 too
                 soon
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 body
                 be
                 grown
                 strong
                 enough
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 head
                 ,
                 else
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 top
                 heavy
                 ,
                 and
                 grow
                 crooked
                 .
              
               
                 
                   To
                   have
                   many
                   new
                   Roots
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   lay
                   the
                   branches
                   in
                   the
                   ground
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 branches
                 of
                 all
                 kinds
                 of
                 Trees
                 will
                 not
                 take
                 Root
                 thus
                 ;
                 
                 This
                 way
                 of
                 Propagation
                 is
                 only
                 for
                 some
                 kinds
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Mulberries
                   ,
                   Figs
                   ,
                   Vines
                   ,
                   Quadlings
                   ,
                   Nurs-gardens
                   ,
                
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 kinds
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 whose
                 branches
                 are
                 soft
                 and
                 porous
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 
                   Aprecots
                   ,
                   Peaches
                
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 take
                 Root
                 thus
                 :
                 I
                 have
                 tried
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 one
                 Root
                 could
                 be
                 got
                 ,
                 neither
                 will
                 they
                 take
                 with
                 grafting
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 tried
                 many
                 .
                 The
                 way
                 to
                 propagate
                 these
                 kinds
                 ,
                 is
                 by
                 Inoculating
                 buds
                 upon
                 young
                 stocks
                 full
                 of
                 sap
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                 From
                 May
                 to
                 July
                 ,
                 
                   you
                   may
                   take
                   off
                   th●
                   bark
                   of
                   any
                   bough
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
                   and
                   set
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   it
                   wil●
                   grow
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   fair
                   Tree
                   in
                   one
                   year
                   ,
                   the
                   cause
                   may
                   be
                   for
                   that
                   the
                   baring
                   from
                   the
                   bark
                   keepeth
                   the
                   Sap
                   from
                   descending
                   towards
                   Winter
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Boughs
                 of
                 
                   some
                   kinds
                   of
                   Trees
                
                 will
                 take
                 Root
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 as
                 is
                 here
                 exprest
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 such
                 kinds
                 as
                 will
                 take
                 root
                 with
                 laying
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 mentioned
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 experiment
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 cut
                 off
                 and
                 set
                 ,
                 may
                 grow
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 fair
                 Tree
                 in
                 certain
                 years
                 ,
                 not
                 in
                 one
                 year
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 said
                 )
                 for
                 the
                 Roots
                 (
                 got
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 )
                 are
                 but
                 small
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 disproportionable
                 to
                 the
                 bough
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 can
                 come
                 on
                 but
                 very
                 poorly
                 ,
                 and
                 slowly
                 ,
                 for
                 divers
                 years
                 :
                 As
                 for
                 
                   the
                   baring
                   from
                   the
                   bark
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 supposed
                 to
                 keep
                 Sap
                 from
                 
                   descending
                   towards
                   Winter
                
                 ;
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 Sap
                 is
                 as
                 far
                 from
                 descending
                 when
                 the
                 bark
                 is
                 on
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 't
                 is
                 off
                 ;
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 such
                 thing
                 in
                 nature
                 as
                 descention
                 of
                 Sap
                 in
                 any
                 Trees
                 whatsoever
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 worthy
                 Author
                 took
                 this
                 upon
                 trust
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 general
                 opinion
                 of
                 men
                 ,
                 for
                 had
                 he
                 but
                 stayed
                 a
                 little
                 to
                 consider
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 found
                 it
                 groundless
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 meer
                 conceit
                 ;
                 For
                 all
                 the
                 Sap
                 that
                 ascends
                 into
                 the
                 body
                 and
                 branches
                 of
                 
                 Tree
                 ,
                 is
                 changed
                 into
                 
                   wood
                   ,
                   bark
                   ,
                   buds
                   ,
                   ●lossomes
                   ,
                   leaves
                
                 and
                 fruits
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 turned
                 in●o
                 that
                 body
                 and
                 substance
                 which
                 we
                 see
                 ●bove
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 none
                 at
                 all
                 descends
                 at
                 ●ny
                 time
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Cause
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 no
                 such
                 effect
                 :
                 sap
                 is
                 continually
                 ascending
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 long
                 ,
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 ,
                 either
                 for
                 the
                 growth
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 in
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 or
                 for
                 the
                 conservation
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 life
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 its
                 dimensions
                 in
                 Winter
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 continual
                 
                   extrastion
                   of
                   Sap
                
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 boughs
                 ,
                 and
                 branches
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Sun
                 and
                 Aire
                 ,
                 as
                 this
                 Author
                 elsewhere
                 asserts
                 and
                 which
                 Experience
                 proves
                 .
                 Now
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 were
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 a
                 descention
                 also
                 ,
                 what
                 then
                 would
                 become
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 quickly
                 wither
                 ,
                 be
                 contracted
                 ,
                 and
                 shrink
                 apparently
                 :
                 whosoever
                 is
                 unsatisfied
                 with
                 what
                 is
                 here
                 said
                 against
                 
                   descention
                   of
                   Sap
                   in
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 may
                 see
                 (
                 hereof
                 )
                 more
                 largly
                 many
                 Arguments
                 against
                 it
                 in
                 my
                 
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 pag.
                 191
                 ,
                 192
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 
                   If
                   Trees
                   bear
                   not
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   bore
                   a
                   hole
                   through
                   the
                   heart
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   it
                   will
                   bear
                   .
                
              
               
                 Perhaps
                 this
                 course
                 may
                 do
                 some
                 good
                 in
                 letting
                 out
                 some
                 superflous
                 sap
                 ,
                 
                 if
                 too
                 much
                 repletion
                 be
                 the
                 cause
                 :
                 But
                 there
                 are
                 divers
                 other
                 causes
                 of
                 barrennesse
                 of
                 
                 Fruit-trees
                 :
                 As
                 too
                 deep
                 setting
                 ,
                 the
                 root
                 running
                 down
                 into
                 
                   Gravel
                   ,
                   Clay
                   ,
                   Water
                
                 &c.
                 which
                 must
                 have
                 answerable
                 reme●dies
                 .
                 And
                 sometimes
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 :
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 culture
                 in
                 the
                 world
                 used
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 and
                 body
                 ,
                 wil●
                 not
                 help
                 ,
                 without
                 engrafting
                 the
                 branche●
                 with
                 Grafts
                 of
                 some
                 good
                 bearing
                 kinds
                 ▪
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 way
                 I
                 know
                 to
                 have
                 store
                 of
                 good
                 fruits
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 speedily
                 too
                 )
                 from
                 barren
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   To
                   make
                   Trees
                   bear
                   ,
                   cleave
                   the
                   chief
                   roots
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   in
                   a
                   small
                   pebble
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 This
                 may
                 be
                 profitable
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Root
                 may
                 be
                 bark●bound
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 body
                 and
                 branches
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 must
                 be
                 scored
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 to
                 the
                 wood
                 )
                 but
                 also
                 it
                 will
                 cause
                 the
                 Roots
                 to
                 shoot
                 forth
                 many
                 small
                 Roots
                 at
                 the
                 place
                 opened
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 afford
                 more
                 vigour
                 ▪
                 life
                 ,
                 and
                 sap
                 to
                 the
                 branches
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 make
                 the
                 Tree
                 stronger
                 and
                 more
                 in
                 heart
                 ,
                 and
                 able
                 to
                 bring
                 forth
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 fairer
                 fruits
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   Trees
                   against
                   a
                   South-wall
                   have
                   more
                   of
                   the
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sunne
                   ,
                   then
                   when
                   they
                   grow
                   round
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   Aprecots
                   ,
                   Peaches
                
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ●old
                 fruits
                 ,
                 will
                 scarce
                 ripen
                 but
                 against
                 a
                 〈◊〉
                 they
                 have
                 need
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 〈…〉
                 ,
                 and
                 reflex
                 beams
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 :
                 〈…〉
                 it
                 
                 were
                 more
                 practised
                 to
                 set
                 some
                 other
                 
                   choice
                   kinds
                   of
                   fruits
                
                 upon
                 a
                 South-wall
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 
                   great
                   Burgamet
                   ,
                   Sommer
                   Boncriten
                   ,
                   Green-fleld
                   Pear
                   ,
                
                 and
                 other
                 special
                 kinds
                 )
                 this
                 would
                 advantage
                 them
                 greatly
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 bigness
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 in
                 their
                 early
                 
                   ripning
                   and
                   goodness
                   of
                   tast
                
                 ;
                 thus
                 ,
                 one
                 or
                 a
                 few
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 worth
                 many
                 
                   ordinary
                   ones
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Some
                   pull
                   off
                   the
                   leaves
                   from
                   Wall
                   trees
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   that
                   the
                   Sunne
                   may
                   come
                   the
                   better
                   upon
                   the
                   boughs
                   and
                   fruit
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 may
                 hasten
                 ripening
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 it
                 hinders
                 the
                 bigness
                 of
                 the
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 the
                 Sun
                 ripening
                 them
                 before
                 they
                 have
                 attained
                 their
                 natural
                 greatness
                 :
                 in
                 case
                 it
                 prove
                 then
                 very
                 hot
                 weather
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 if
                 leaves
                 be
                 pulled
                 off
                 ,
                 it
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 till
                 fruits
                 are
                 at
                 bigest
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 ,
                 but
                 where
                 they
                 overmuch
                 shade
                 the
                 fruits
                 ;
                 some
                 convenient
                 shade
                 by
                 the
                 leaves
                 is
                 as
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 (
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 bigness
                 and
                 goodness
                 )
                 as
                 the
                 Sun.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   lowness
                   of
                   the
                   bough
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   maketh
                   the
                   fruit
                   greater
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   ripen
                   better
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
                 
                   Graft
                   a
                   tree
                   low
                   ,
                   and
                   maintain
                   only
                   the
                   lower
                   boughs
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Low
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 the
                 
                   lower
                   boughs
                   of
                   high
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 have
                 their
                 fruit
                 ripe
                 somewhat
                 sooner
                 then
                 the
                 higher
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 have
                 some
                 benefit
                 by
                 the
                 reflection
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 from
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 from
                 the
                 wall
                 ;
                 (
                 if
                 they
                 
                 grow
                 against
                 a
                 wall
                 )
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 
                   fruits
                   are
                   greater
                
                 on
                 lower
                 ,
                 then
                 on
                 
                   higher
                   boughs
                
                 ,
                 I
                 perceive
                 not
                 ;
                 I
                 am
                 sure
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 sometimes
                 fair
                 fruit
                 on
                 the
                 
                   higher
                   boughs
                
                 ,
                 and
                 b●t
                 small
                 on
                 the
                 lower
                 ,
                 in
                 case
                 the
                 branches
                 of
                 a
                 
                   wall
                   tree
                
                 have
                 been
                 permitted
                 to
                 grow
                 stright
                 upwards
                 ,
                 without
                 bowing
                 down
                 along
                 the
                 wall
                 ,
                 as
                 most
                 commonly
                 they
                 be
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 reason
                 is
                 plain
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 most
                 ,
                 and
                 greatest
                 quantity
                 of
                 Sap
                 presse●h
                 upwards
                 ,
                 &
                 leaveth
                 the
                 
                   side
                   branches
                   indigent
                
                 of
                 Sap
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 grow
                 poorly
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 die
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Sap
                 :
                 now
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 Sap
                 in
                 branches
                 ,
                 so
                 are
                 the
                 fruits
                 smaller
                 or
                 greater
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 indeed
                 ,
                 many
                 little
                 and
                 
                   low
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 vigorous
                 ,
                 and
                 shoot
                 well
                 ,
                 bear
                 very
                 large
                 fruits
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 larger
                 then
                 high
                 Trees
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 kinds
                 :
                 but
                 this
                 is
                 ,
                 not
                 because
                 low
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 more
                 lively
                 and
                 vigorous
                 then
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 we
                 should
                 graft
                 a
                 Tree
                 low
                 ,
                 and
                 maintain
                 only
                 the
                 
                   lower
                   branches
                
                 ,
                 by
                 continually
                 cutting
                 off
                 the
                 higher
                 ;
                 this
                 would
                 much
                 enseeble
                 the
                 Tree
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 by
                 obstracting
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fruit
                 would
                 be
                 accordingly
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 best
                 way
                 to
                 order
                 a
                 
                   Wall
                   tree
                
                 that
                 shoots
                 upwards
                 strongly
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 bow
                 those
                 strong
                 branches
                 along
                 the
                 wall
                 both
                 ways
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 as
                 
                 large
                 fruits
                 on
                 the
                 lower
                 ,
                 as
                 on
                 the
                 
                   higher
                   boughs
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   sooner
                   ripe
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                   To
                   have
                   Fruit
                   in
                   greater
                   plenty
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   the
                   way
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   graft
                   not
                   onely
                   upon
                   young
                   stocks
                   ,
                   but
                   upon
                   divers
                   boughs
                   of
                   an
                   old
                   Tree
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 an
                 excellent
                 Experiment
                 to
                 graft
                 the
                 boughs
                 of
                 an
                 old
                 Tree
                 ,
                 
                 (
                 that
                 is
                 a
                 bad
                 bearer
                 ,
                 or
                 bears
                 bad
                 fruits
                 )
                 with
                 Grafts
                 of
                 some
                 
                   special
                   good
                   bearing
                   kinds
                
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 will
                 have
                 large
                 branches
                 ,
                 and
                 bear
                 fruits
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 a
                 year
                 or
                 two
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 unwise
                 course
                 of
                 many
                 who
                 (
                 when
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Trees
                 bear
                 not
                 as
                 they
                 would
                 have
                 them
                 )
                 cut
                 them
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 young
                 ones
                 in
                 their
                 Room
                 ,
                 which
                 cannot
                 possibly
                 attain
                 the
                 bigness
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 in
                 many
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Digging
                   yearly
                   about
                   the
                   Roots
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   is
                   a
                   great
                   means
                   ,
                   both
                   to
                   the
                   acceleration
                   and
                   melioration
                   of
                   fruits
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Old
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 grow
                 in
                 
                   stiff
                   ,
                   cold
                   ,
                   clay
                   grounds
                   ,
                
                 have
                 most
                 need
                 to
                 be
                 dug
                 about
                 yearly
                 ,
                 that
                 thereby
                 the
                 ground
                 may
                 be
                 more
                 open
                 and
                 mellow
                 ;
                 but
                 for
                 young
                 Trees
                 of
                 few
                 years
                 standing
                 ,
                 (
                 especiall
                 if
                 in
                 
                   sandy
                   ,
                   mellow
                   grounds
                
                 )
                 these
                 have
                 little
                 or
                 no
                 need
                 at
                 all
                 of
                 digging
                 about
                 :
                 To
                 dig
                 about
                 Roses
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 which
                 grow
                 near
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 it
                 is
                 needless
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 work
                 is
                 chiefly
                 to
                 open
                 
                 the
                 earth
                 about
                 old
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 (
                 whose
                 Roots
                 are
                 grown
                 great
                 and
                 deep
                 )
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Rain
                   ,
                   Snow
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Sun
                 in
                 Winter
                 ,
                 may
                 reach
                 the
                 
                   bottome
                   Roots
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   A
                   Fruit-tree
                   almost
                   blown
                   up
                   by
                   the
                   roots
                   ,
                   and
                   set
                   up
                   again
                   ,
                   the
                   next
                   year
                   bore
                   exceedingly
                   :
                   loosening
                   the
                   earth
                   ,
                   comforteth
                   any
                   Tree
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Trees
                 blown
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 raised
                 up
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 moulded
                 ,
                 may
                 root
                 again
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 very
                 old
                 :
                 and
                 though
                 
                   digging
                   about
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   sometimes
                
                 be
                 good
                 ,
                 yet
                 overmuch
                 
                   digging
                   ,
                   and
                   loosening
                   the
                   earth
                   about
                   the
                   Roots
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                
                 will
                 cause
                 many
                 to
                 be
                 blown
                 down
                 by
                 great
                 winds
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 not
                 fasten
                 again
                 to
                 abide
                 a
                 strong
                 Wind
                 in
                 many
                 years
                 ,
                 if
                 ever
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   To
                   revive
                   an
                   old
                   Tree
                   ,
                   the
                   digging
                   of
                   it
                   about
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   and
                   applying
                   new
                   mould
                   to
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   way
                   ,
                   and
                   change
                   of
                   mould
                   to
                   the
                   better
                   is
                   profitable
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Digging
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 hath
                 been
                 said
                 )
                 with
                 caution
                 ,
                 is
                 very
                 good
                 ;
                 and
                 change
                 of
                 mould
                 ,
                 if
                 to
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 is
                 also
                 very
                 advantagious
                 to
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 in
                 case
                 the
                 soyl
                 be
                 barren
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 very
                 fat
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 is
                 ,
                 (
                 especially
                 some
                 particular
                 places
                 by
                 accident
                 )
                 then
                 mould
                 that
                 is
                 more
                 steril
                 and
                 hungry
                 ,
                 will
                 do
                 better
                 ;
                 for
                 
                   overmuch
                   repletion
                
                 and
                 
                   fertility
                   ,
                   may
                   hinder
                   fruitfulness
                
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 the
                 
                 sap
                 to
                 run
                 most
                 into
                 
                   long
                   shoots
                   ,
                   and
                   broad
                   leaves
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   shifting
                   of
                   ground
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   is
                   a
                   means
                   to
                   better
                   the
                   Tree
                   and
                   Fruit
                   :
                   and
                   all
                   things
                   do
                   prosper
                   best
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   advanced
                   to
                   the
                   better
                   .
                   And
                   a
                   Nursery
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   in
                   a
                   more
                   barren
                   ground
                   then
                   the
                   places
                   whither
                   they
                   are
                   Transplanted
                   .
                
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 
                 
                   change
                   of
                   soyls
                
                 sometimes
                 is
                 very
                 good
                 ,
                 if
                 to
                 the
                 better
                 :
                 but
                 is
                 true
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 Trees
                 grow
                 in
                 
                   over
                   ran●
                   soyle
                
                 ,
                 then
                 worse
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 better
                 :
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 will
                 help
                 more
                 towards
                 fruitfulness
                 :
                 as
                 a
                 co●rse
                 and
                 
                   mean
                   fare
                
                 is
                 better
                 for
                 a
                 ●at
                 man
                 ,
                 th●n
                 the
                 more
                 delicious
                 .
                 Without
                 contro●versie
                 ,
                 
                   young
                   Trees
                   out
                   of
                   barren
                   Nurseries
                   ,
                
                 come
                 on
                 faster
                 when
                 Transplanted
                 ,
                 then
                 out
                 of
                 
                   fat
                   soyls
                
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 case
                 the
                 Nursery
                 be
                 
                   fat
                   soyle
                
                 ,
                 then
                 some
                 other
                 as
                 good
                 must
                 be
                 laid
                 to
                 their
                 Roots
                 when
                 set
                 again
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Hacking
                   of
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   doth
                   great
                   good
                   to
                   Trees
                
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 eight
                 or
                 ten
                 years
                 growth
                 ,
                 
                 cutting
                 ,
                 or
                 scoring
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   hacking
                   the
                   bark
                   of
                   Trees
                   with
                   a
                   knife
                   ,
                
                 is
                 profitable
                 ;
                 but
                 while
                 they
                 are
                 young
                 ,
                 the
                 Barke
                 is
                 but
                 thin
                 and
                 tender
                 ,
                 and
                 enlargeth
                 well
                 enough
                 without
                 this
                 cutting
                 ,
                 unless
                 some
                 that
                 through
                 barrenness
                 of
                 soyl
                 (
                 or
                 other
                 cause
                 )
                 are
                 bark-bound
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 such
                 ,
                 hacking
                 and
                 scoring
                 is
                 profitable
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                 
                   Shade
                   to
                   some
                   Plants
                   ,
                   conduceth
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   large
                   and
                   prosperous
                   ,
                   more
                   then
                   Sun
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   Strawberries
                   and
                   Bays
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 Iays
                 and
                 Lawrel
                 prospereth
                 better
                 in
                 the
                 Shade
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 being
                 hot
                 Plants
                 ,
                 but
                 Strawberries
                 do
                 better
                 partly
                 in
                 the
                 S●ade
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 in
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 then
                 in
                 
                   Shade
                   ●nly
                
                 ;
                 as
                 among
                 Bushes
                 and
                 other
                 Plants
                 :
                 I
                 have
                 observed
                 those
                 in
                 the
                 Shade
                 ,
                 to
                 bea●
                 little
                 or
                 nothing
                 ,
                 when
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 kind
                 and
                 growth
                 ,
                 somewhat
                 in
                 the
                 sun
                 ,
                 bore
                 very
                 much
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   ●ulling
                   off
                   many
                   blossomes
                   from
                   a
                   Fruit-tree
                   ,
                   doth
                   make
                   the
                   Fruit
                   fairer
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   some
                   blossoms
                   be
                   not
                   pulled
                   off
                   the
                   first
                   time
                   a
                   Tree
                   bloometh
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   blossome
                   it self
                   to
                   death
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Commonly
                 the
                 fewer
                 blossoms
                 upon
                 a
                 tree
                 the
                 fairer
                 will
                 the
                 fruit
                 be
                 ,
                 because
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Author
                 says
                 )
                 of
                 the
                 plenty
                 of
                 sap
                 :
                 And
                 indeed
                 ,
                 in
                 case
                 a
                 Tree
                 
                   newly
                   planted
                
                 ,
                 blossome
                 very
                 much
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Root
                 be
                 but
                 weak
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 perceived
                 by
                 the
                 weakness
                 of
                 the
                 buds
                 )
                 then
                 its
                 best
                 to
                 pull
                 off
                 most
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 all
                 the
                 blossoms
                 :
                 but
                 many
                 I
                 have
                 known
                 (
                 the
                 first
                 years
                 planting
                 )
                 take
                 Root
                 so
                 strongly
                 (
                 being
                 in
                 good
                 mould
                 )
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 blossome
                 and
                 
                   shoot
                   forth
                
                 ,
                 and
                 bear
                 
                   fair
                   fruits
                
                 the
                 same
                 year
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   It
                   were
                   good
                   to
                   try
                   what
                   would
                   be
                   the
                   effect
                   if
                   all
                   the
                   blossomes
                   were
                   pulled
                   from
                   a
                   Fruit-tree
                   ,
                   for
                   two
                   years
                   together
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 Fruit-trees
                 that
                 bea●
                 but
                 every
                 other
                 year
                 ,
                 
                 they
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 )
                 bear
                 that
                 year
                 very
                 plentifully
                 ;
                 and
                 t●e
                 excessive
                 expence
                 of
                 Sap
                 that
                 year
                 (
                 its
                 l●●e
                 )
                 makes
                 the
                 Tree
                 the
                 more
                 feeble
                 the
                 nex●
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 
                   blossomes
                   be
                   pulled
                   off
                   a
                   year
                   or
                   tw●
                   together
                   ,
                
                 I
                 suppose
                 the
                 Sap
                 would
                 go
                 mo●e
                 into
                 the
                 shoots
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 them
                 larger
                 t●en
                 if
                 it
                 bore
                 fruits
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 issue
                 as
                 to
                 ●earing
                 
                   more
                   or
                   better
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 
                   nothing
                   worth
                
              
               
                 
                   There
                   is
                   no
                   doubt
                   but
                   that
                   Grafting
                   (
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   )
                   doth
                   meliorate
                   fruit
                
                 ;
                 
                 
                   The
                   cause
                   is
                   manifest
                   ,
                   for
                   that
                   the
                   nourishment
                   is
                   better
                   prepared
                   in
                   the
                   stock
                   ,
                   then
                   in
                   the
                   crud●
                   earth
                   .
                
              
               
                 Grafting
                 doth
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 meliorate
                 the
                 fruit
                 simply
                 in
                 its
                 self
                 ;
                 
                 for
                 a
                 Tree
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 the
                 better
                 for
                 grafting
                 ,
                 unless
                 the
                 grafts
                 be
                 taken
                 from
                 a
                 good
                 Tree
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Tree
                 from
                 which
                 grafts
                 are
                 cut
                 ,
                 be
                 no
                 better
                 then
                 the
                 Tree
                 which
                 is
                 grafted
                 ,
                 then
                 grafting
                 will
                 not
                 a
                 jot
                 mend
                 the
                 fruit
                 ;
                 which
                 it
                 would
                 ,
                 if
                 grafting
                 were
                 any
                 thing
                 towards
                 the
                 
                   bettering
                   of
                   the
                   fruit
                
                 .
                 The
                 cause
                 why
                 
                   grafted
                   Trees
                
                 bear
                 
                   better
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 then
                 
                   wild
                   ungrafted
                   trees
                
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 grafted
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 the
                 
                   grafts
                   are
                   good
                
                 ,
                 the
                 tree
                 from
                 which
                 the
                 grafts
                 are
                 cut
                 ,
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 
                   good
                   kind
                   and
                   nature
                
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 
                   twig
                   ,
                   graft
                
                 and
                 bud
                 ,
                 hath
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 in
                 it
                 
                 perfectly
                 ;
                 the
                 p●operties
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 are
                 in
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 part
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Soul
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 which
                 i●
                 
                   tota
                   in
                   toto
                   ,
                   &
                   tota
                   in
                   qualibet
                   parte
                
                 ;
                 ●●d
                 the
                 grafts
                 retain
                 the
                 nature
                 and
                 p●operties
                 being
                 grafted
                 upon
                 wild
                 stocks
                 and
                 bring
                 forth
                 ●uits
                 accordingly
                 :
                 ●nd
                 that
                 's
                 the
                 
                   cause
                   that
                   grafting
                   doth
                   me●orate
                   the
                   fruit
                   ,
                
                 and
                 not
                 because
                 
                   the
                   nourishment
                   is
                   better
                   prepared
                   in
                   the
                   stock
                   ,
                   then
                   ●n
                   the
                   crude
                   earth
                   ,
                
                 for
                 the
                 branches
                 of
                 an
                 ingrafted
                 Tree
                 ,
                 do
                 no
                 more
                 receive
                 nourishment
                 from
                 the
                 crude
                 earth
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 branches
                 of
                 a
                 grafted
                 Tree
                 :
                 but
                 the
                 sap
                 and
                 nourishment
                 ,
                 passeth
                 up
                 a
                 body
                 or
                 stock
                 to
                 the
                 branches
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Peach
                   and
                   Molocotone
                
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Author
                 says
                 )
                 do
                 bear
                 good
                 fruits
                 coming
                 up
                 of
                 stones
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 alwayes
                 so
                 neither
                 ,
                 onely
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 one
                 )
                 so
                 it
                 is
                 true
                 also
                 that
                 they
                 bear
                 as
                 good
                 fruits
                 of
                 the
                 bud
                 being
                 Inoculated
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   It
                   hath
                   been
                   received
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   smaller
                   Pear
                   grafted
                   upon
                   a
                   stock
                   that
                   beareth
                   a
                   greater
                   Pear
                   ,
                   will
                   become
                   great
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Author
                 thinks
                 )
                 that
                 this
                 will
                 not
                 succeed
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 
                   Grafts
                   do
                   govern
                
                 ,
                 they
                 always
                 bring
                 forth
                 fruit
                 answerab●e
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 natures
                 and
                 kinds
                 ,
                 else
                 it
                 were
                 to
                 little
                 purpose
                 to
                 get
                 grafts
                 
                 from
                 such
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 a
                 good
                 Tree
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 kind
                 .
                 Yet
                 it
                 is
                 true
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 stock
                 hath
                 some
                 influence
                 upon
                 the
                 graft
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 fruit
                 better
                 or
                 worse
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 ,
                 in
                 some
                 
                   small
                   degree
                
                 :
                 As
                 if
                 we
                 graft
                 upon
                 a
                 stock
                 that
                 naturally
                 bears
                 a
                 
                   sower
                   ,
                   harsh
                   fruit
                
                 ;
                 the
                 fruit
                 of
                 the
                 graft
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 altogether
                 so
                 pleasant
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 grafted
                 upon
                 a
                 stock
                 that
                 bears
                 naturally
                 
                   a
                   sweet
                   and
                   pleasant
                   fruit
                
                 :
                 and
                 hence
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 Pears
                 grafted
                 upon
                 Quince-stocks
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 more
                 delicate
                 then
                 upon
                 Pear-stocks
                 :
                 The
                 Quince-stock
                 gives
                 an
                 excellent
                 taste
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 these
                 Trees
                 upon
                 Quinces
                 ,
                 will
                 never
                 attain
                 to
                 any
                 great
                 bigness
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 Quince-trees
                 are
                 but
                 small
                 in
                 comparison
                 of
                 Pear-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 the
                 stock
                 can
                 be
                 but
                 small
                 ▪
                 the
                 graft
                 cannot
                 be
                 great
                 :
                 yet
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 it
                 )
                 somewhat
                 bigger
                 then
                 the
                 stock
                 :
                 As
                 for
                 a
                 Pear
                 upon
                 a
                 Thorne
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 this
                 Author
                 speaks
                 of
                 )
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 good
                 ,
                 it
                 makes
                 it
                 a
                 harsh
                 ,
                 hard
                 Pear
                 at
                 the
                 core
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 thrive
                 and
                 bear
                 ,
                 but
                 most
                 commonly
                 they
                 die
                 in
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 years
                 :
                 we
                 know
                 its
                 natural
                 fruit
                 (
                 Hawes
                 )
                 have
                 stones
                 in
                 them
                 :
                 But
                 for
                 the
                 Apple
                 upon
                 the
                 Crab
                 ,
                 that
                 's
                 natural
                 ,
                 the
                 Crab
                 being
                 a
                 
                   wild
                   apple
                
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 proper
                 to
                 graft
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Apples
                 upon
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 of
                 the
                 soundness
                 of
                 the
                 
                 stock
                 ,
                 its
                 
                   long
                   lasting
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   aptness
                   to
                   take
                   with
                   grafts
                
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 to
                 grow
                 when
                 set
                 in
                 the
                 ground
                 ;
                 although
                 it
                 's
                 true
                 ,
                 it
                 makes
                 the
                 fruit
                 somewhat
                 more
                 tart
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 same
                 fruit
                 upon
                 
                   sweet
                   Apple-stocks
                
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 seeds
                 of
                 some
                 Apples
                 and
                 Pears
                 ,
                 brings
                 forth
                 very
                 good
                 fruit
                 :
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 this
                 (
                 I
                 suppose
                 )
                 is
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 stocks
                 whereon
                 these
                 fruits
                 were
                 grafted
                 or
                 Inoculated
                 ,
                 were
                 good
                 kinds
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 kinds
                 that
                 came
                 good
                 of
                 seed
                 formerly
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 so
                 ,
                 no
                 marvel
                 though
                 the
                 seeds
                 bring
                 forth
                 good
                 fruits
                 without
                 Grafting
                 or
                 Inoculating
                 :
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 Experience
                 ,
                 Peach-stones
                 have
                 brought
                 forth
                 a
                 paltry
                 ,
                 naughty
                 fruit
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 though
                 some
                 good
                 :
                 As
                 concerning
                 the
                 
                   Grafting
                   of
                   an
                   Apple
                   Cions
                   upon
                   a
                   Sallow
                   ,
                   Poplar
                   ,
                   Alder
                   ,
                   Elme
                   ,
                   or
                   Horse-plum
                
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 vain
                 to
                 try
                 ,
                 for
                 tryal
                 hath
                 been
                 made
                 upon
                 stocks
                 nearer
                 in
                 kind
                 then
                 these
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 would
                 not
                 come
                 to
                 perfection
                 ;
                 they
                 will
                 grow
                 a
                 year
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 and
                 then
                 decay
                 and
                 die
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   Flowers
                   removed
                   ,
                   wax
                   greater
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   nourishment
                   is
                   more
                   easily
                   come
                   by
                   in
                   the
                   loose
                   earth
                   :
                   It
                   may
                   be
                   that
                   often
                   regrafting
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Cions
                   ,
                   may
                   likewise
                   make
                   fruit
                   greater
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 To
                 
                   remove
                   Flowers
                
                 (
                 small
                 young
                 Roots
                 )
                 into
                 good
                 fresh
                 earth
                 ,
                 will
                 improve
                 them
                 
                 in
                 growth
                 and
                 bigness
                 ;
                 especially
                 if
                 withal
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 side-slips
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 also
                 of
                 the
                 buds
                 which
                 the
                 Root
                 shoots
                 up
                 for
                 flowers
                 )
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 half
                 a
                 dozen
                 ,
                 or
                 half
                 a
                 score
                 of
                 the
                 buds
                 or
                 shoots
                 ,
                 be
                 left
                 to
                 grow
                 upon
                 the
                 Roots
                 ;
                 the
                 Root
                 then
                 will
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 give
                 plentiful
                 nourishment
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 will
                 become
                 
                   much
                   larger
                
                 ,
                 then
                 if
                 all
                 the
                 spindle
                 buds
                 were
                 suffered
                 to
                 grow
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 as
                 for
                 
                   often
                   regrafting
                   the
                   same
                   graft
                
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 large
                 fruit
                 ,
                 this
                 will
                 not
                 do
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 we
                 see
                 it
                 is
                 constantly
                 done
                 from
                 year
                 to
                 year
                 ;
                 for
                 what
                 else
                 is
                 the
                 cutting
                 of
                 Grafts
                 from
                 young
                 Trees
                 ,
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 of
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 ,
                 or
                 but
                 of
                 one
                 years
                 growth
                 )
                 and
                 grafting
                 them
                 again
                 upon
                 stocks
                 ,
                 and
                 repeating
                 this
                 for
                 many
                 years
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 we
                 know
                 the
                 grafts
                 hold
                 their
                 own
                 natural
                 properties
                 from
                 one
                 year
                 to
                 another
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 there
                 be
                 (
                 as
                 hath
                 been
                 said
                 )
                 some
                 small
                 alteration
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 kind
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 ,
                 
                   while
                   it
                   grows
                   upon
                   it
                
                 ,
                 yet
                 that
                 alteration
                 is
                 lost
                 ,
                 and
                 falls
                 off
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Graft
                 is
                 engrafted
                 upon
                 another
                 stock
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Graft
                 retains
                 its
                 own
                 natural
                 properties
                 only
                 :
                 with
                 some
                 small
                 addition
                 of
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 on
                 which
                 it
                 (
                 at
                 present
                 )
                 grows
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                 
                   It
                   maketh
                   Figs
                   better
                   ,
                   if
                   a
                   Fig-tree
                   when
                   it
                   beginneth
                   to
                   put
                   forth
                   leaves
                   ,
                   have
                   his
                   top
                   cut
                   off
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 If
                 the
                 Fig-tree
                 be
                 very
                 old
                 ,
                 
                   cutting
                   off
                   the
                   top
                
                 may
                 be
                 profitable
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 such
                 cutting
                 (
                 as
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 Trees
                 )
                 maketh
                 the
                 Sap
                 shoot
                 forth
                 into
                 branches
                 more
                 vigorously
                 then
                 otherwise
                 it
                 would
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 lively
                 rising
                 of
                 Sap
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fruit
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 fares
                 the
                 better
                 :
                 but
                 if
                 the
                 
                   tops
                   of
                   young
                   Trees
                   be
                   cut
                   off
                   ,
                
                 (
                 Fig-trees
                 or
                 other
                 )
                 there
                 will
                 shoot
                 forth
                 (
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 thereof
                 )
                 such
                 
                   huge
                   strong
                   shoots
                
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 main
                 stream
                 of
                 Sap
                 will
                 run
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 which
                 great
                 shoots
                 will
                 be
                 for
                 a
                 year
                 or
                 two
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 unfruitful
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   It
                   is
                   reported
                   ,
                   that
                   Mulberries
                   will
                   be
                   fairer
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Trees
                   more
                   fruitful
                   ,
                   if
                   you
                   bore
                   the
                   Trunk
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   thorow
                   in
                   several
                   places
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   in
                   wedges
                   of
                   hot
                   Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   Mastick
                   ,
                   Iuniper
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 
                   black
                   Mulberry-tree
                
                 ,
                 it
                 needs
                 not
                 these
                 things
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 fruitful
                 ,
                 for
                 I
                 never
                 knew
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 fail
                 of
                 store
                 of
                 fruits
                 every
                 year
                 ;
                 but
                 
                   white
                   Mulberry-trees
                
                 (
                 with
                 us
                 )
                 have
                 need
                 enough
                 of
                 all
                 helps
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   It
                   is
                   reported
                   that
                   Trees
                   will
                   grow
                   greater
                   ,
                   and
                   bear
                   better
                   fruit
                   ,
                   if
                   you
                   put
                   Salt
                   or
                   Lees
                   of
                   Wine
                   ,
                   or
                   Blood
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Root
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 Concerning
                 
                   Lees
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   washings
                   of
                   ●trong
                   Beer
                   ,
                   or
                   Ale-vessels
                   ,
                   Blood
                   ,
                   Flesh
                   ,
                
                 or
                 ●he
                 like
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 certain
                 these
                 are
                 healpful
                 to
                 ●ruit-trees
                 ,
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 their
                 growth
                 and
                 bearing
                 ,
                 if
                 seasonably
                 and
                 moderately
                 u●ed
                 ,
                 especially
                 to
                 
                   old
                   Trees
                
                 .
                 I
                 account
                 it
                 best
                 to
                 be
                 applied
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 Trees
                 in
                 
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   Winter
                
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 virtue
                 ●ay
                 soak
                 into
                 the
                 Roots
                 and
                 earth
                 about
                 ●hem
                 before
                 the
                 Spring
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Terebration
                   of
                   trees
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   as
                   it
                   makes
                   them
                   prosper
                   better
                   ,
                   so
                   also
                   it
                   is
                   found
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   maketh
                   ●ruit
                   sweeter
                   and
                   better
                   ,
                   by
                   causing
                   the
                   cour●st
                   juice
                   to
                   sweat
                   out
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   is
                   better
                   digested
                   .
                
              
               
                 Terebration
                 (
                 or
                 boring
                 holes
                 in
                 the
                 bodies
                 and
                 great
                 Roots
                 )
                 
                   of
                   Fruit
                   trees
                
                 with
                 a
                 Wimble
                 or
                 Awger
                 ,
                 
                 is
                 most
                 needful
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 judge
                 for
                 great
                 Trees
                 which
                 grow
                 upon
                 fat
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 too
                 rank
                 nourishment
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 be
                 unfruitful
                 ,
                 and
                 bear
                 over
                 watrish
                 fruit
                 for
                 that
                 cause
                 ;
                 that
                 may
                 help
                 to
                 let
                 out
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 raw
                 ,
                 superfluous
                 sap
                 and
                 juice
                 ,
                 as
                 an
                 Issue
                 in
                 a
                 mans
                 body
                 :
                 but
                 scoring
                 or
                 cutting
                 the
                 
                   Bark
                   of
                   young
                   Trees
                
                 under
                 Twenty
                 years
                 may
                 be
                 better
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 chiefly
                 in
                 the
                 spring
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 
                   As
                   Terebration
                   doth
                   meliorate
                   Fruit
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   so
                   doth
                   letting
                   of
                   Plants
                   blood
                   ,
                   as
                   pricking
                   
                   Vines
                   or
                   other
                   Trees
                   ,
                   after
                   they
                   be
                   of
                   som●
                   growth
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   reported
                   ,
                   that
                   by
                   this
                   Artific●
                   bitter
                   Almonds
                   have
                   been
                   turned
                   into
                   sweet
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 This
                 must
                 needs
                 have
                 the
                 like
                 effec●
                 (
                 in
                 some
                 proportion
                 )
                 as
                 those
                 particular
                 before
                 mentioned
                 of
                 
                   boring
                   with
                   Wimbles
                
                 (
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 )
                 
                   and
                   scoring
                   the
                   bark
                
                 ,
                 with
                 ●
                 knife
                 in
                 the
                 spring
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   The
                   Antients
                   for
                   Dulcorating
                   of
                   Fruit
                   do
                   commend
                   Swines
                   dung
                   above
                   all
                   othe●
                   dung
                   ;
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   for
                   the
                   moisture
                   of
                   tha●
                   Beast
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 divers
                 fair
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 quit●
                 spoyl'd
                 and
                 deaded
                 by
                 overmuch
                 
                   Swine
                   dung
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Swine
                 lying
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 continually
                 leaving
                 their
                 Excrements
                 ,
                 by
                 degrees
                 the
                 Trees
                 withered
                 and
                 died
                 but
                 I
                 doubt
                 not
                 but
                 that
                 a
                 moderate
                 quantity
                 of
                 
                   Swines
                   dung
                
                 ,
                 mixed
                 with
                 mould
                 and
                 laid
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 good
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 
                   sweetning
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit.
                
                 
              
               
                 
                 
                   As
                   Grafting
                   doth
                   generally
                   advance
                   ,
                   and
                   meliorate
                   fruits
                   ,
                   so
                   (
                   no
                   doubt
                   )
                   even
                   in
                   grafting
                   ,
                   the
                   choice
                   of
                   the
                   stock
                   doth
                   much
                   :
                   they
                   commend
                   much
                   the
                   grafting
                   of
                   Pears
                   ,
                   or
                   Apples
                   upon
                   a
                   Quince
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Grafting
                 ,
                 (
                 simply
                 as
                 grafting
                 )
                 doth
                 not
                 
                   advance
                   or
                   meliorate
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 shewed
                 elsewhere
                 at
                 large
                 ;
                 But
                 
                   grafted
                   trees
                
                 bear●
                 
                 
                   ●etter
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 and
                 sooner
                 ,
                 then
                 
                   ungrafted
                   trees
                
                 ,
                 
                 because
                 grafts
                 are
                 usually
                 taken
                 from
                 ●ood
                 bearing
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 kinds
                 ,
                 ●d
                 Grafts
                 (
                 retaining
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 ●rees
                 from
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 cut
                 )
                 do
                 bring
                 ●ith
                 the
                 same
                 Fruits
                 ;
                 so
                 also
                 do
                 Buds
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 they
                 be
                 much
                 smaller
                 then
                 grafts
                 )
                 when
                 
                   Inoculated
                   upon
                   wild
                   stocks
                
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 concerning
                 the
                 
                   choice
                   of
                   Stocks
                   in
                   grafting
                
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 advancement
                 of
                 ●ruits
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 certaine
                 ,
                 the
                 goodness
                 of
                 the
                 ●tock
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 
                   nature
                   and
                   kind
                
                 ,
                 is
                 very
                 considerable
                 :
                 The
                 sweeter
                 and
                 better
                 the
                 stock
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 will
                 the
                 fruit
                 be
                 that
                 is
                 engrafted
                 thereon
                 :
                 Though
                 it
                 be
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   grafts
                   govern
                
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 forth
                 the
                 same
                 fruits
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 
                   own
                   kinds
                
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 stock
                 hath
                 some
                 considerable
                 influence
                 upon
                 the
                 fruit
                 of
                 the
                 graft
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   Pears
                   upon
                   a
                   Quince
                
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Authour
                 speaks
                 of
                 )
                 are
                 better
                 then
                 the
                 same
                 kind
                 upon
                 a
                 
                   wild
                   Pear-stock
                
                 :
                 (
                 as
                 
                   experience
                   shews
                
                 )
                 because
                 a
                 Quince
                 is
                 a
                 more
                 excellent
                 fruit
                 ,
                 then
                 a
                 
                   wild
                   Pear
                
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 nourishment
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 is
                 answerable
                 .
              
               
                 
                   It
                   is
                   set
                   down
                   as
                   try'd
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   that
                   a
                   mixture
                   of
                   Bran
                   and
                   Swines
                   dung
                   ,
                   or
                   Chaff
                   and
                   Swines
                   dung
                   rotten
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   great
                   nourisher
                   and
                   comforter
                   to
                   a
                   Fruit-tree
                   .
                
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 doubt
                 but
                 
                   Swines
                   dung
                
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 
                 any
                 other
                 dung
                 ,
                 with
                 other
                 Composts
                 laid
                 together
                 till
                 they
                 be
                 rotten
                 ,
                 will
                 nourish
                 and
                 comfort
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 better
                 whe●
                 they
                 are
                 throughly
                 rotten
                 ,
                 and
                 turned
                 to
                 mould
                 ,
                 then
                 before
                 ,
                 because
                 
                   new
                   dung
                
                 may
                 be
                 too
                 hot
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   It
                   is
                   delivered
                   by
                   some
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   one
                   take
                   the
                   bow
                   of
                   a
                   low
                   Tree
                   ,
                   newly
                   budded
                   ,
                   and
                   draw
                   it
                   gently
                   into
                   an
                   earthen
                   Pot
                   ,
                   perforated
                   at
                   the
                   bottome
                   to
                   let
                   in
                   the
                   Plant
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   cover
                   the
                   Pot
                   with
                   Earth
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   yield
                   a
                   very
                   large
                   fruit
                   within
                   ground
                   ;
                   the
                   like
                   will
                   be
                   effected
                   by
                   an
                   empty
                   pot
                   ,
                   with
                   some
                   few
                   pertusions
                   made
                   in
                   the
                   Pot
                   ,
                   hang'd
                   in
                   the
                   Tree
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Concerning
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 these
                 wayes
                 ,
                 I
                 suppose
                 the
                 Fruit
                 growing
                 upon
                 the
                 bough
                 so
                 bowed
                 down
                 into
                 a
                 Pot
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 large
                 as
                 the
                 Fruit
                 upon
                 the
                 other
                 boughs
                 ;
                 because
                 we
                 see
                 by
                 experience
                 it
                 is
                 against
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 Sap
                 to
                 run
                 vigorously
                 ,
                 (
                 or
                 in
                 any
                 great
                 plenty
                 )
                 into
                 bows
                 bended
                 downwards
                 so
                 near
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 as
                 this
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 ,
                 for
                 sap
                 presseth
                 upwards
                 in
                 greatest
                 plenty
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 those
                 fruits
                 will
                 be
                 greatest
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 
                   most
                   sap
                
                 ,
                 I
                 mean
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 of
                 one
                 kind
                 ,
                 upon
                 one
                 Tree
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 concerning
                 the
                 
                   second
                   means
                
                 by
                 the
                 
                   perforated
                   Pot
                
                 ,
                 hang'd
                 in
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 more
                 likely
                 to
                 work
                 the
                 effect
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 
                   greatness
                   of
                   fruit
                
                 ,
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 (
                 I
                 suppose
                 )
                 
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 pertusions
                 or
                 holes
                 in
                 the
                 Pot
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 the
                 shade
                 that
                 the
                 fruit
                 hath
                 by
                 the
                 Pot
                 :
                 for
                 although
                 fruit
                 that
                 grows
                 in
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 be
                 much
                 better
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 pleasant
                 then
                 that
                 which
                 grows
                 in
                 the
                 shade
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 being
                 better
                 concocted
                 )
                 yet
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 shade
                 (
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 kind
                 )
                 is
                 commonly
                 the
                 greater
                 ,
                 but
                 more
                 
                   flat
                   ,
                   dull
                
                 ,
                 and
                 inconcoct
                 :
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 
                   Aprecots
                   ,
                   Cherries
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 under
                 the
                 leaves
                 .
              
               
                 
                   All
                   Trees
                   in
                   high
                   and
                   sandy
                   grounds
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   set
                   deep
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   watry
                   grounds
                   more
                   shallow
                   :
                   And
                   all
                   Trees
                   when
                   they
                   be
                   removed
                   (
                   especially
                   Fruit-trees
                   )
                   care
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   taken
                   that
                   the
                   sides
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   be
                   coasted
                   (
                   North
                   and
                   South
                   )
                   as
                   they
                   stood
                   before
                   .
                
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 Trees
                 on
                 higher
                 grounds
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 somewhat
                 deeper
                 then
                 in
                 
                   moist
                   grounds
                
                 ;
                 yet
                 beware
                 of
                 setting
                 below
                 the
                 good
                 soyle
                 in
                 any
                 ground
                 .
                 
                 As
                 for
                 
                   coasting
                   of
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 (
                 setting
                 the
                 same
                 side
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 when
                 Transplanted
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 before
                 )
                 the
                 
                   Rule
                   is
                   good
                
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 necessary
                 :
                 for
                 many
                 thousands
                 are
                 transplanted
                 with
                 good
                 success
                 ,
                 not
                 observing
                 which
                 side
                 grew
                 North
                 or
                 South
                 :
                 howsoever
                 ,
                 some
                 reasons
                 might
                 be
                 shewed
                 why
                 't
                 is
                 best
                 to
                 observe
                 it
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 may
                 conveniently
                 be
                 done
                 .
              
               
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 
                 
                   set
                   upon
                   a
                   wall
                   against
                   the
                   
                   Sun
                   ,
                   between
                   Elbowes
                   or
                   Butteresses
                   of
                   stone
                   ,
                   ripen
                   more
                   then
                   upon
                   a
                   plain
                   wall
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Fruit-trees
                 
                   so
                   set
                
                 ,
                 have
                 their
                 fruits
                 ripe
                 sooner
                 then
                 those
                 upon
                 a
                 plain
                 wall
                 ,
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 
                   defended
                   better
                   from
                   winds
                
                 ,
                 but
                 chiefly
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 double
                 or
                 
                   treble
                   degree
                
                 of
                 heat
                 to
                 what
                 those
                 upon
                 a
                 plain
                 Wall
                 have
                 ,
                 the
                 heat
                 being
                 pent
                 in
                 by
                 the
                 Elbowes
                 or
                 Butteresses
                 of
                 the
                 wall
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 reflects
                 the
                 stronger
                 upon
                 the
                 Fruits
                 and
                 Trees
                 ;
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 double
                 reflection
                 of
                 heat
                 upon
                 such
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   Grafting
                   Elms
                   ,
                   (
                   or
                   other
                   unfruitful
                   trees
                   )
                   will
                   make
                   their
                   leaves
                   larger
                   :
                   as
                   in
                   Fruit-trees
                   the
                   Graft
                   maketh
                   the
                   greater
                   fruit
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Grafting
                 ,
                 barely
                 considered
                 as
                 grafting
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 do
                 this
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 neither
                 make
                 leaves
                 nor
                 
                   fruits
                   fairer
                
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 stocks
                 are
                 chosen
                 for
                 the
                 purpose
                 :
                 for
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 true
                 (
                 as
                 hath
                 been
                 elsewhere
                 said
                 )
                 that
                 
                   Grafts
                   govern
                
                 ,
                 and
                 overrule
                 the
                 stocks
                 ,
                 bringing
                 forth
                 the
                 same
                 leaves
                 and
                 fruits
                 when
                 grafted
                 ,
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Natures
                 ;
                 yet
                 it
                 is
                 true
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 stocks
                 have
                 some
                 
                   small
                   influence
                
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 making
                 the
                 fruits
                 better
                 or
                 worse
                 in
                 taste
                 and
                 bigness
                 :
                 and
                 so
                 of
                 the
                 
                   leaves
                   in
                   fairness
                
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 goodness
                 or
                 badness
                 of
                 the
                 stocks
                 :
                 yet
                 notwithstanding
                 Grafts
                 and
                 Buds
                 inoculated
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 Rule
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 ●ring
                 forth
                 the
                 
                   same
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 else
                 it
                 were
                 in
                 vain
                 to
                 graft
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Barrenness
                   of
                   Trees
                   cometh
                   of
                   their
                   overgrowing
                   with
                   Moss
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   or
                   their
                   being
                   Hide-bound
                   ,
                   or
                   planting
                   too
                   deep
                   ,
                   or
                   by
                   issuing
                   of
                   the
                   sap
                   too
                   much
                   into
                   the
                   leaves
                   .
                
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 several
                 causes
                 of
                 the
                 
                   barrenness
                   of
                   Trees
                
                 .
                 
                 I
                 conceive
                 Mossiness
                 ,
                 as
                 Mossiness
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 barrenness
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 
                   causes
                   of
                   Mossiness
                
                 are
                 the
                 
                   causes
                   of
                   barrenness
                
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 
                   coldness
                   ,
                   overmoistness
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   barrenness
                   of
                   the
                   soyle
                
                 where
                 the
                 Trees
                 grow
                 :
                 Therefore
                 
                   such
                   soyles
                
                 must
                 be
                 amended
                 .
                 See
                 how
                 ,
                 
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Fruit
                   trees
                
                 ,
                 pag.
                 213
                 ,
                 214
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Also
                 barrenness
                 is
                 often
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 
                   excessive
                   sap
                   and
                   moisture
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                
                 which
                 is
                 manifest
                 by
                 their
                 strong
                 and
                 
                   vigorous
                   shoots
                   ,
                   branches
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   broad
                   green
                   leaves
                
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 many
                 young
                 full-fed
                 Trees
                 ;
                 for
                 while
                 nature
                 is
                 vigorous
                 ,
                 and
                 active
                 ,
                 spending
                 it self
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 
                   excessive
                   growth
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 then
                 weak
                 and
                 feeble
                 in
                 
                   bearing
                   of
                   fruits
                
                 .
                 Now
                 as
                 to
                 some
                 
                   kinds
                   of
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 best
                 (
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 )
                 to
                 go
                 about
                 to
                 remove
                 the
                 Cause
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 standard
                 
                   Apple-trees
                   ,
                   Pear-trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 kinds
                 ,
                 which
                 grow
                 in
                 the
                 Orchards
                 and
                 Fields
                 :
                 but
                 let
                 them
                 alone
                 ,
                 let
                 them
                 go
                 on
                 in
                 their
                 large
                 and
                 
                   vigorous
                   growths
                
                 for
                 certaine
                 
                 years
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 
                   bear
                   but
                   little
                
                 ▪
                 (
                 provided
                 that
                 we
                 know
                 they
                 are
                 naturally
                 of
                 good
                 bearing
                 kinds
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 vain
                 to
                 wait
                 for
                 store
                 of
                 fruits
                 from
                 such
                 Trees
                 )
                 After
                 that
                 such
                 Trees
                 have
                 grown
                 exceedingly
                 some
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 attained
                 a
                 fair
                 large
                 growth
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 then
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 grow
                 less
                 in
                 the
                 branches
                 ,
                 and
                 fall
                 to
                 bearing
                 of
                 fruits
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 case
                 the
                 Trees
                 are
                 Wall-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 shoot
                 excessively
                 ,
                 and
                 bear
                 not
                 ,
                 then
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 best
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 the
                 cause
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 we
                 can
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 abate
                 their
                 overful
                 &
                 
                   rank
                   nourishment
                
                 ,
                 by
                 putting
                 in
                 
                   Sand
                   ,
                   Gravel
                   ,
                   Buck-ashes
                
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 is
                 barren
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 the
                 
                   fat
                   soyle
                
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 Also
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 part
                 one
                 or
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 
                   biggest
                   Roots
                
                 from
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 it
                 may
                 have
                 less
                 nourishment
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 left
                 will
                 turn
                 to
                 fruits
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 Bend
                 downwards
                 the
                 branches
                 ,
                 and
                 fasten
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 wall
                 with
                 their
                 tops
                 as
                 low
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 this
                 obstructs
                 ,
                 and
                 restrains
                 the
                 excessive
                 rising
                 of
                 sap
                 ,
                 which
                 rising
                 moderately
                 ,
                 turns
                 to
                 fruits
                 :
                 But
                 if
                 the
                 Trees
                 are
                 naturally
                 
                   bad
                   bearers
                
                 (
                 if
                 barren
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 )
                 then
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 remedy
                 for
                 such
                 ,
                 but
                 grafting
                 them
                 again
                 ,
                 with
                 grafts
                 taken
                 from
                 some
                 
                   good
                   bearing
                   kinds
                
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 known
                 by
                 yearly
                 experience
                 to
                 
                   bear
                   fruits
                   well
                
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                   It
                   hath
                   been
                   set
                   down
                   by
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Ancients
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   that
                   two
                   twigs
                   of
                   several
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                   flatted
                   on
                   the
                   sides
                   ,
                   and
                   bound
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   set
                   ,
                   they
                   will
                   come
                   up
                   in
                   one
                   stock
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   Vines
                   of
                   red
                   and
                   white
                   Grapes
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   flatted
                   and
                   bound
                   together
                   ,
                   will
                   bear
                   Grapes
                   of
                   several
                   colours
                   upon
                   one
                   branch
                   :
                   Also
                   the
                   shoots
                   of
                   divers
                   seeds
                   ,
                   will
                   incorporate
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   young
                   Trees
                   of
                   several
                   kinds
                   ,
                   set
                   contiguous
                   ,
                   will
                   incorporate
                   .
                
              
               
                 These
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 are
                 prescribed
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 
                   compounding
                   of
                   Fruits
                
                 .
              
               
                 Concerning
                 compounding
                 ,
                 
                 
                   or
                   mixing
                   of
                   divers
                   kinds
                   of
                   fruits
                   ,
                
                 whereof
                 to
                 make
                 
                   one
                   new
                   kind
                
                 ,
                 these
                 things
                 before
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 many
                 such
                 like
                 )
                 have
                 been
                 prescribed
                 by
                 
                   Antient
                   Authors
                
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 of
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 those
                 things
                 *
                 Sir
                 
                   Francis
                   Bacon
                
                 accounts
                 meer
                 imaginations
                 and
                 conceits
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 ground
                 or
                 light
                 from
                 Experience
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 says
                 ‖
                 (
                 elsewhere
                 )
                 That
                 
                   many
                   things
                   have
                   been
                   rashly
                   ,
                   (
                   and
                   with
                   little
                   choice
                   or
                   judgment
                   )
                   received
                   and
                   registred
                   ,
                   as
                   appears
                   in
                   the
                   writings
                   of
                   divers
                   Authors
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   every
                   where
                   fraught
                   and
                   forged
                   with
                   fabulous
                   reports
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   not
                   only
                   uncertain
                   and
                   untried
                   ,
                   but
                   notoriously
                   untrue
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   great
                   derogation
                   of
                   Natural
                   Philosophy
                   with
                   grave
                   and
                   sober
                   men
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 As
                 for
                 those
                 things
                 before
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 they
                 can
                 never
                 effect
                 what
                 is
                 promised
                 ,
                 to
                 produce
                 
                   compound
                   fruits
                
                 .
                 For
                 we
                 see
                 by
                 continual
                 experience
                 ,
                 that
                 grafts
                 and
                 buds
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 small
                 )
                 set
                 upon
                 stocks
                 of
                 different
                 kinds
                 ,
                 do
                 hold
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 their
                 kinds
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 if
                 
                   two
                   long
                   shoots
                
                 were
                 united
                 ,
                 or
                 three
                 ,
                 or
                 many
                 :
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 possible
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 incorporate
                 ,
                 and
                 become
                 one
                 body
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 would
                 retain
                 every
                 one
                 their
                 own
                 nature
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 forth
                 each
                 its
                 own
                 kind
                 of
                 fruit
                 ,
                 without
                 commixture
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 any
                 man
                 desire
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 on
                 work
                 about
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 have
                 prescriptions
                 enough
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 certain
                 Book
                 ,
                 Entituled
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Country
                   Farme
                
                 ,
                 pag.
                 360
                 ,
                 361
                 ,
                 362
                 ,
                 363
                 ,
                 364
                 ,
                 365
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 For
                 more
                 full
                 satisfaction
                 about
                 which
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 of
                 that
                 nature
                 ,
                 see
                 my
                 
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 p.
                 174
                 ,
                 176
                 ,
                 &c.
                 where
                 these
                 things
                 are
                 spoken
                 to
                 largly
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 the
                 thing
                 be
                 possible
                 in
                 nature
                 ,
                 to
                 
                   mix
                   and
                   compound
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 the
                 likeliest
                 way
                 that
                 I
                 apprehend
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 upon
                 tryal
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 not
                 yet
                 come
                 to
                 an
                 issue
                 )
                 viz.
                 To
                 graft
                 one
                 fruit
                 upon
                 another
                 many
                 times
                 over
                 ,
                 every
                 year
                 a
                 different
                 kind
                 ,
                 (
                 so
                 that
                 we
                 keep
                 still
                 to
                 those
                 kinds
                 that
                 will
                 grow
                 together
                 .
                 )
                 As
                 first
                 to
                 graft
                 a
                 
                 Crab-tree
                 near
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 good
                 kind
                 of
                 Apple-graft
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 next
                 year
                 to
                 graft
                 that
                 again
                 a
                 handful
                 or
                 two
                 above
                 where
                 the
                 first
                 was
                 grafted
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 next
                 year
                 to
                 graft
                 that
                 second
                 graft
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fourth
                 year
                 to
                 graft
                 that
                 third
                 graft
                 ,
                 a
                 handful
                 or
                 two
                 above
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 grafted
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 every
                 year
                 to
                 set
                 
                   graft
                   upon
                   graft
                
                 for
                 divers
                 years
                 together
                 ;
                 this
                 (
                 probably
                 )
                 may
                 make
                 some
                 alteration
                 and
                 commixture
                 in
                 the
                 
                   top
                   branch
                
                 and
                 its
                 fruit
                 ,
                 although
                 it
                 be
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 graft
                 keeps
                 its
                 own
                 nature
                 ,
                 yet
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 it
                 receives
                 
                   some
                   small
                   alteration
                
                 from
                 the
                 stock
                 (
                 as
                 hath
                 been
                 said
                 )
                 Now
                 the
                 Sap
                 arising
                 ,
                 and
                 passing
                 through
                 so
                 many
                 kinds
                 of
                 stocks
                 (
                 as
                 before
                 )
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 top
                 branches
                 ,
                 this
                 (
                 if
                 any
                 thing
                 )
                 I
                 conceive
                 will
                 have
                 an
                 influence
                 into
                 the
                 fruit
                 of
                 the
                 last
                 graft
                 ,
                 to
                 cause
                 some
                 commixture
                 (
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 fruit
                 ;
                 the
                 sap
                 passing
                 through
                 
                   so
                   many
                   kinds
                   of
                   stocks
                
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 many
                 kinds
                 of
                 Apples
                 together
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 of
                 Pears
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Cherries
                 and
                 Plums
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 for
                 mixing
                 contrary
                 kinds
                 ,
                 
                   Apples
                   ,
                   Pears
                   ,
                   Cherries
                   ,
                   Plums
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 all
                 together
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 prescribe
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 hope
                 nor
                 possibility
                 of
                 any
                 advantage
                 thereby
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                 
                   All
                   Plants
                   that
                   draw
                   much
                   nourishment
                   from
                   the
                   earth
                   ,
                   and
                   exhaust
                   it
                   ,
                   hurt
                   all
                   things
                   that
                   grow
                   by
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   Ash-trees
                   ,
                   Coleworts
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   And
                   where
                   Plants
                   of
                   several
                   natures
                   (
                   which
                   draw
                   several
                   juices
                   )
                   are
                   set
                   together
                   ,
                   there
                   the
                   nearness
                   doth
                   good
                   ;
                   As
                   Rue
                   by
                   a
                   Fig-tree
                   ,
                   Garlick
                   by
                   a
                   Rose-tree
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 indeed
                 ,
                 That
                 all
                 Trees
                 and
                 Plants
                 ,
                 that
                 draw
                 much
                 nourishment
                 from
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 are
                 no
                 good
                 Neighbours
                 to
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 grows
                 near
                 them
                 ,
                 because
                 such
                 make
                 the
                 Earth
                 barren
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Plants
                 must
                 needs
                 grow
                 poorly
                 :
                 But
                 that
                 
                   several
                   kinds
                   of
                   Plants
                
                 ,
                 draw
                 
                   several
                   kinds
                   of
                   juices
                
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   soyl
                
                 ,
                 I
                 much
                 question
                 :
                 as
                 that
                 bitter
                 Plants
                 ,
                 (
                 
                   P●ue
                   ,
                   Worm-wood
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 )
                 draw
                 the
                 bitter
                 juice
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 sweeter
                 kinds
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Roses
                   ,
                   Flowers
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 draw
                 the
                 sweeter
                 juice
                 .
                 For
                 can
                 it
                 be
                 imagined
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 so
                 many
                 kinds
                 of
                 juices
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 are
                 several
                 kinds
                 of
                 Trees
                 and
                 Plants
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 should
                 draw
                 only
                 its
                 proper
                 and
                 
                   peculiar
                   nourishment
                
                 ?
                 May
                 it
                 not
                 upon
                 better
                 grounds
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 Trees
                 and
                 Plants
                 ,
                 growing
                 near
                 together
                 in
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 ground
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 draw
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   juice
                
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 convert
                 and
                 assimilate
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 into
                 its
                 
                   own
                   specifique
                   nature
                
                 .
                 We
                 see
                 that
                 
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 Garden
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 are
                 (
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 )
                 divers
                 hundreds
                 (
                 or
                 thousands
                 )
                 of
                 
                   distinct
                   Plants
                   ,
                   Trees
                   ,
                   Flowers
                   ,
                   Herbs
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Simples
                 ,
                 they
                 growing
                 all
                 upon
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 soyle
                 ,
                 do
                 convert
                 the
                 juice
                 and
                 fatness
                 of
                 it
                 into
                 their
                 several
                 natures
                 :
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 
                   Law
                   in
                   Nature
                
                 ,
                 as
                 several
                 kinds
                 of
                 Grafts
                 upon
                 one
                 Tree
                 ,
                 drawing
                 
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Sap
                
                 ,
                 do
                 turn
                 that
                 
                   one
                   kind
                   of
                   nourishment
                
                 into
                 their
                 
                   several
                   natures
                
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 bring
                 forth
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 by
                 experience
                 )
                 distinct
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 kinds
                 of
                 fruits
                 ,
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 single
                 juice
                 ,
                 or
                 sap
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 whereon
                 they
                 all
                 grow
                 :
                 this
                 they
                 would
                 do
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 were
                 all
                 or
                 many
                 kinds
                 of
                 Apples
                 ,
                 grafted
                 upon
                 one
                 great
                 Crab-tree
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 of
                 
                   Pear-trees
                   ,
                   Cherry-trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 upon
                 their
                 own
                 kinds
                 :
                 though
                 multitudes
                 of
                 distinct
                 kinds
                 of
                 grafts
                 ,
                 draw
                 
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   sap
                
                 ,
                 yet
                 every
                 one
                 changes
                 it
                 into
                 its
                 own
                 nature
                 ;
                 and
                 why
                 should
                 it
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 also
                 with
                 several
                 Plants
                 ,
                 drawing
                 
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   juice
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   earth
                   ?
                
              
               
                 So
                 that
                 I
                 
                   cannot
                   conceive
                
                 that
                 those
                 things
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 (
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 )
                 if
                 try'd
                 ,
                 would
                 succeed
                 to
                 the
                 purpose
                 :
                 viz.
                 That
                 Rue
                 set
                 by
                 a
                 Fig-tree
                 ,
                 will
                 make
                 
                   Figs
                   taste
                   sweeter
                
                 ;
                 or
                 Garlick
                 set
                 by
                 Rose-trees
                 ,
                 will
                 make
                 the
                 
                   Roses
                   smell
                   sweeter
                
                 ;
                 or
                 Sorrel
                 set
                 by
                 Rasps
                 ,
                 will
                 make
                 the
                 
                   Rasps
                   sweeter
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                 like
                 :
                 because
                 several
                 ,
                 or
                 contrary
                 kinds
                 of
                 Plants
                 ,
                 meet
                 not
                 with
                 several
                 kinds
                 of
                 juices
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 soyle
                 ,
                 (
                 shall
                 we
                 think
                 there
                 are
                 hundreds
                 ,
                 or
                 thousands
                 of
                 several
                 juices
                 in
                 one
                 Garden
                 )
                 though
                 they
                 draw
                 the
                 same
                 juice
                 ,
                 they
                 convert
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 assimilate
                 it
                 into
                 their
                 several
                 natures
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Innate
                 and
                 Intrinsecal
                 form
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 hath
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 said
                 before
                 of
                 several
                 kinds
                 of
                 grafts
                 upon
                 one
                 Tree
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   The
                   altering
                   of
                   the
                   Sent
                   ,
                   Colour
                   ,
                   or
                   Taste
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   by
                   infusing
                   ,
                   mixing
                   ,
                   or
                   letting
                   into
                   the
                   Bark
                   or
                   Roots
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   Herb
                   ,
                   or
                   Flower
                   ,
                   any
                   Coloured
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   Aromatical
                   ,
                   or
                   Medicinal
                   substance
                   ;
                   are
                   but
                   Fancies
                   :
                   All
                   alteration
                   of
                   Vegetables
                   in
                   those
                   qualities
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   by
                   somewhat
                   that
                   is
                   apt
                   to
                   go
                   into
                   the
                   nourishment
                   of
                   the
                   Plant.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                 Divers
                 Authors
                 (
                 in
                 their
                 
                   Books
                   of
                   Planting
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 )
                 have
                 given
                 several
                 directions
                 for
                 the
                 altering
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Sent
                   ,
                   Colour
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Taste
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ;
                 but
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 from
                 any
                 well
                 grounded
                 Experience
                 .
                 Many
                 particulars
                 are
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 down
                 at
                 large
                 ,
                 (
                 with
                 Reasons
                 and
                 Experience
                 against
                 them
                 ;
                 that
                 men
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 deceived
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 loose
                 their
                 time
                 ,
                 cost
                 ,
                 and
                 labour
                 ,
                 about
                 such
                 fancies
                 )
                 See
                 pag.
                 176
                 ,
                 177
                 ,
                 &c.
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 as
                 this
                 Author
                 says
                 well
                 ,
                 The
                 likeliest
                 way
                 to
                 make
                 herbs
                 and
                 
                   fruits
                   Medicinal
                
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 a
                 
                   good
                   relish
                
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 
                   often
                   watering
                
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 or
                 Plant
                 with
                 that
                 substance
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 desire
                 they
                 should
                 partake
                 of
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 is
                 certain
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 we
                 see
                 it
                 by
                 manifest
                 experience
                 )
                 that
                 Plants
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   fruits
                   of
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 do
                 somewhat
                 taste
                 ,
                 and
                 partake
                 of
                 the
                 nature
                 and
                 virtues
                 of
                 that
                 kind
                 of
                 nourishment
                 which
                 they
                 
                   continually
                   draw
                
                 .
                 As
                 if
                 Trees
                 grow
                 upon
                 a
                 
                   low
                   ,
                   moist
                   ,
                   watrish
                   ground
                   ,
                
                 the
                 fruits
                 will
                 be
                 
                   more
                   spongy
                
                 and
                 waterish
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 same
                 kinds
                 of
                 fruits
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Trees
                 grow
                 upon
                 a
                 
                   dry
                   ,
                   sandy
                   soyle
                
                 :
                 So
                 if
                 
                   Cabbages
                   ,
                   Turneps
                   ,
                   Carrots
                
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 grow
                 in
                 a
                 
                   rank
                   Soyle
                
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 filth
                 and
                 dung
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 virtue
                 and
                 relish
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 not
                 half
                 so
                 sweet
                 and
                 pleasant
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 same
                 kinds
                 growing
                 upon
                 
                   pure
                   mould
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   sweet
                   sandy
                   soyle
                
                 :
                 so
                 here
                 ,
                 if
                 men
                 think
                 it
                 worth
                 the
                 while
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 judge
                 it
                 will
                 answer
                 their
                 
                   labour
                   ,
                   cost
                
                 ,
                 and
                 time
                 ,
                 to
                 water
                 
                   fruit-trees
                   ,
                   herbs
                   ,
                   plants
                
                 and
                 flowers
                 ,
                 with
                 Aromatical
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Medicinal
                   substances
                
                 :
                 Infusions
                 of
                 
                   Cinamon
                   ,
                   Ginger
                   ,
                   Cloves
                   ,
                   Mace
                   ,
                
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 spices
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 
                   pleasant
                   relish
                
                 ,
                 or
                 (
                 for
                 Physical
                 respects
                 )
                 with
                 
                   Hellebore
                   ,
                   Opium
                   ,
                   Scammony
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 If
                 they
                 can
                 afford
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 enough
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 
                 (
                 watring
                 their
                 Roots
                 abundantly
                 therewith
                 )
                 then
                 its
                 probable
                 such
                 Plants
                 ,
                 will
                 somewhat
                 partake
                 of
                 their
                 virtues
                 :
                 but
                 as
                 for
                 
                   slitting
                   of
                   their
                   Roots
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   perforating
                   the
                   body
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   infusing
                   the
                   medicine
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   steeping
                   the
                   seed
                   or
                   kernel
                   in
                   some
                   Liquor
                   wherein
                   the
                   Medicine
                   is
                   infused
                
                 ;
                 these
                 I
                 account
                 as
                 good
                 as
                 nothing
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 virtues
                 cannot
                 be
                 communicated
                 ,
                 or
                 transfused
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 because
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 carried
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 Trees
                 and
                 Plants
                 ,
                 yet
                 such
                 
                   small
                   quantities
                
                 would
                 be
                 indiscernable
                 ,
                 the
                 effect
                 would
                 be
                 as
                 
                   nothing
                   at
                   all
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 VI.
                 CENTURY
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   IT
                   is
                   a
                   Curiosity
                   to
                   have
                   several
                   fruits
                   upon
                   one
                   Tree
                   ,
                   some
                   early
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   late
                   ,
                   ripe
                   fruits
                   all
                   Sommer
                   .
                   This
                   is
                   done
                   by
                   Grafting
                   several
                   fruits
                   upon
                   one
                   Tree
                   :
                   But
                   I
                   conceive
                   the
                   diversity
                   of
                   fruits
                   must
                   be
                   such
                   as
                   will
                   graft
                   upon
                   the
                   same
                   stock
                   ,
                   not
                   contrary
                   kinds
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Author
                 says
                 )
                 that
                 several
                 fruits
                 may
                 be
                 grafted
                 or
                 Inoculated
                 upon
                 one
                 Tree
                 ,
                 some
                 early
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 late
                 ;
                 but
                 yet
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 also
                 observes
                 )
                 they
                 must
                 be
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 will
                 take
                 ,
                 and
                 grow
                 together
                 ,
                 as
                 
                 many
                 kinds
                 of
                 Apples
                 upon
                 one
                 Tree
                 ;
                 so
                 of
                 Pears
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Cherries
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 :
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 true
                 which
                 some
                 Authors
                 have
                 written
                 ,
                 that
                 Cherries
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Plums
                   ,
                   Figs
                   ,
                   Nuts
                   ,
                   Peaches
                   ,
                
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 will
                 grow
                 together
                 upon
                 
                   one
                   Tree
                
                 .
              
               
                 Yet
                 a
                 Book
                 ,
                 Intituled
                 the
                 
                   Country
                   farm
                
                 (
                 composed
                 by
                 some
                 
                   Doctors
                   of
                   Physick
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 inexperienced
                 men
                 )
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 such
                 odde
                 conceits
                 ,
                 pag.
                 360
                 ,
                 361
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 
                   It
                   is
                   a
                   Curiosity
                   to
                   have
                   fruits
                   of
                   divers
                   shapes
                   and
                   figures
                
                 ;
                 
                 
                   This
                   is
                   easily
                   performed
                   by
                   moulding
                   them
                   when
                   the
                   fruit
                   is
                   young
                   ,
                   with
                   moulds
                   of
                   earth
                   or
                   wood
                   ,
                   of
                   several
                   shapes
                   in
                   the
                   innerside
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   in
                   mould
                   works
                   of
                   Liquid
                   things
                   :
                   let
                   the
                   moulds
                   be
                   made
                   partible
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   opened
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Also
                   Trees
                   or
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   may
                   be
                   with
                   inscriptions
                   and
                   engravings
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   by
                   writing
                   with
                   a
                   Needle
                   ,
                   or
                   Bodkin
                   ,
                   or
                   Knife
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Trees
                   and
                   fruits
                   are
                   young
                   ;
                   and
                   as
                   they
                   grow
                   greater
                   ,
                   so
                   the
                   letters
                   or
                   figures
                   will
                   be
                   more
                   plaine
                   .
                
              
               
                 If
                 men
                 be
                 not
                 content
                 with
                 the
                 
                   natural
                   form
                   of
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 
                 they
                 may
                 (
                 if
                 they
                 have
                 so
                 much
                 leisure
                 to
                 spare
                 )
                 put
                 them
                 into
                 moulds
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 of
                 an
                 
                   Artificial
                   form
                
                 :
                 As
                 for
                 
                   inscriptions
                   ,
                   figures
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 shapes
                 upon
                 fruit-trees
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Author
                 says
                 )
                 performed
                 by
                 
                   scoring
                   through
                   the
                   Bark
                
                 with
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 a
                 knife
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 or
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 what
                 letters
                 ,
                 or
                 words
                 ,
                 or
                 figures
                 ,
                 a
                 man
                 pleaseth
                 ;
                 which
                 as
                 the
                 Tree
                 grows
                 ,
                 will
                 become
                 more
                 plain
                 and
                 discernable
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 for
                 many
                 years
                 after
                 :
                 I
                 use
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Letter
                 ,
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 or
                 three
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 ,
                 upon
                 all
                 young
                 Trees
                 that
                 I
                 gra●t
                 ,
                 whereby
                 to
                 know
                 the
                 several
                 kinds
                 of
                 fruits
                 ;
                 and
                 sometimes
                 (
                 if
                 the
                 stock
                 be
                 grafted
                 high
                 )
                 I
                 engrave
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 fruit
                 at
                 length
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 satisfaction
                 to
                 others
                 also
                 ,
                 when
                 removed
                 and
                 sent
                 abroad
                 :
                 or
                 if
                 any
                 be
                 stolen
                 and
                 found
                 again
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 thereby
                 be
                 known
                 ;
                 And
                 I
                 have
                 perceived
                 the
                 Letters
                 plainly
                 ,
                 nine
                 or
                 ten
                 years
                 after
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 prescriptions
                 of
                 some
                 Authours
                 ,
                 about
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 vain
                 and
                 ridiculous
                 :
                 who
                 direct
                 to
                 write
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   kernels
                   of
                   seeds
                
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 sow
                 and
                 set
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 Buds
                 that
                 we
                 Inoculate
                 ,
                 what
                 letters
                 or
                 shape
                 we
                 please
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fruits
                 coming
                 thereof
                 ,
                 will
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 See
                 hereof
                 
                   Treatise
                   of
                   fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 pag.
                 185.
                 
              
               
                 
                 
                   You
                   may
                   have
                   Trees
                   apparelled
                   with
                   flowers
                   or
                   herbs
                   ,
                   by
                   boring
                   holes
                   in
                   the
                   bodies
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   putting
                   into
                   them
                   good
                   mould
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   setting
                   slips
                   ,
                   or
                   sowing
                   seeds
                   therein
                   ,
                
                 those
                 Roots
                 of
                 a
                 more
                 Ligneous
                 nature
                 ,
                 will
                 perhaps
                 incorporate
                 with
                 the
                 Tree
                 it self
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 Curiosity
                 indeed
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Authour
                 sayes
                 )
                 by
                 making
                 
                   holes
                   in
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   putting
                   in
                   good
                   mould
                
                 ;
                 care
                 must
                 be
                 taken
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 
                   slope-ways
                   downwards
                
                 ;
                 that
                 so
                 both
                 mould
                 and
                 moisture
                 may
                 keep
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 roots
                 of
                 things
                 that
                 are
                 set
                 .
                 But
                 yet
                 I
                 should
                 be
                 loath
                 to
                 spoil
                 a
                 good
                 Tree
                 thus
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 must
                 needs
                 make
                 it
                 rot
                 and
                 perish
                 in
                 a
                 certaine
                 time
                 :
                 howsoever
                 ,
                 for
                 one
                 or
                 two
                 of
                 indifferent
                 kinds
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 rather
                 be
                 admitted
                 for
                 satisfaction
                 in
                 this
                 Curiosity
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Beauty
                   in
                   flowers
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   is
                   their
                   preheminence
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   observed
                   ,
                   that
                   Gilly
                   flowers
                   ,
                   Violets
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
                   that
                   are
                   coloured
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   be
                   neglected
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   watered
                   ,
                   nor
                   new
                   moulded
                   ,
                   nor
                   transplanted
                   ,
                   will
                   turn
                   white
                   :
                   And
                   it
                   's
                   probable
                   that
                   the
                   white
                   ,
                   with
                   much
                   culture
                   ,
                   may
                   turn
                   coloured
                   .
                
              
               
                 I
                 doubt
                 not
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 flowers
                 aforementioned
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 divers
                 other
                 kinds
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 only
                 loose
                 the
                 
                   beauty
                   of
                   their
                   colours
                
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 sometimes
                 removed
                 into
                 new
                 and
                 better
                 mould
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 will
                 in
                 time
                 ,
                 change
                 from
                 
                   double
                   to
                   single
                
                 ;
                 or
                 else
                 be
                 much
                 smaller
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 in
                 
                   fresh
                   ,
                   strong
                   mould
                
                 .
                 Therefore
                 ,
                 every
                 other
                 
                 year
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 let
                 the
                 mould
                 be
                 changed
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 :
                 lay
                 about
                 all
                 their
                 Roots
                 ,
                 some
                 
                   good
                   ,
                   fresh
                   ,
                   black
                   mould
                   :
                
                 And
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 have
                 every
                 year
                 
                   new
                   ,
                   young
                   Roots
                
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 best
                 kinds
                 may
                 be
                 increased
                 ,
                 the
                 slips
                 must
                 be
                 laid
                 in
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 shall
                 here
                 shew
                 how
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 a
                 common
                 thing
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 known
                 amongst
                 many
                 ,
                 yet
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 know
                 it
                 not
                 ,
                 and
                 desire
                 it
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 briefly
                 speak
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 Iuly
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 for
                 six
                 or
                 seven
                 weaks
                 afterwards
                 )
                 slips
                 may
                 be
                 laid
                 thus
                 .
                 Observe
                 the
                 fairest
                 and
                 
                   biggest
                   slips
                
                 upon
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 sharpe
                 Knife
                 ,
                 cut
                 half
                 way
                 through
                 the
                 slip
                 on
                 the
                 outside
                 ,
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 bottome
                 ,
                 just
                 from
                 a
                 joynt
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 the
                 slip
                 upwards
                 through
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 about
                 half
                 an
                 inch
                 ,
                 (
                 or
                 little
                 more
                 )
                 in
                 length
                 ;
                 then
                 with
                 a
                 small
                 hook
                 stick
                 fasten
                 the
                 cut
                 part
                 down
                 into
                 the
                 mould
                 ,
                 yet
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 slip
                 be
                 not
                 broken
                 ,
                 or
                 parted
                 from
                 the
                 Root
                 wherein
                 it
                 grows
                 :
                 so
                 do
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 slips
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 Root
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 you
                 please
                 :
                 having
                 so
                 done
                 ,
                 then
                 mould
                 them
                 all
                 up
                 with
                 fresh
                 mould
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 cover
                 all
                 the
                 cut
                 parts
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 with
                 mould
                 ,
                 then
                 water
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 press
                 the
                 mould
                 close
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 let
                 them
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 month
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   five
                   weeks
                
                 ,
                 
                 these
                 slips
                 (
                 so
                 laid
                 )
                 will
                 have
                 taken
                 Root
                 ,
                 (
                 especially
                 if
                 their
                 mould
                 have
                 been
                 watered
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 )
                 then
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 old
                 Root
                 ,
                 and
                 taken
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 set
                 again
                 in
                 
                   fresh
                   ,
                   good
                   mould
                
                 ,
                 prepared
                 in
                 the
                 Garden
                 plat
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 :
                 Or
                 else
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 let
                 alone
                 until
                 the
                 
                   Spring
                   after
                
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 set
                 :
                 These
                 
                   young
                   vigorous
                   Roots
                
                 ,
                 set
                 in
                 good
                 mould
                 ,
                 and
                 watred
                 (
                 now
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 )
                 with
                 
                   fat
                   water
                
                 ,
                 will
                 have
                 large
                 flowers
                 :
                 especially
                 if
                 in
                 Iune
                 we
                 break
                 off
                 most
                 of
                 their
                 buds
                 ,
                 and
                 suffer
                 only
                 some
                 few
                 ,
                 six
                 ,
                 or
                 eight
                 ,
                 or
                 tenne
                 flowers
                 upon
                 a
                 Root
                 ,
                 these
                 the
                 Root
                 will
                 easily
                 maintain
                 ,
                 and
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 will
                 have
                 the
                 more
                 nourishment
                 ,
                 then
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 suffered
                 to
                 spindle
                 up
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 nature
                 will
                 ;
                 such
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 
                   smaller
                   flowers
                
                 ,
                 the
                 root
                 being
                 overburdened
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Clove-gllly-flower
                 ,
                 is
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 ,
                 the
                 best
                 for
                 use
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 well
                 known
                 how
                 useful
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 make
                 Syrups
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 very
                 Cordial
                 :
                 they
                 are
                 good
                 for
                 Sallets
                 prepared
                 with
                 Sugar
                 ,
                 to
                 use
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 the
                 best
                 smell
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 ;
                 therefore
                 increase
                 these
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 of
                 slips
                 (
                 for
                 slips
                 of
                 these
                 will
                 grow
                 without
                 laying
                 ,
                 better
                 then
                 of
                 other
                 kind
                 of
                 flowers
                 )
                 but
                 lay
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 also
                 for
                 more
                 certainty
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 shew'd
                 before
                 .
              
               
               
                 And
                 among
                 these
                 ,
                 prefer
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 largest
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 deepest
                 colour
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 without
                 Horns
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 call
                 them
                 )
                 they
                 also
                 are
                 increased
                 of
                 seed
                 ,
                 as
                 other
                 kinds
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 been
                 the
                 larger
                 upon
                 this
                 particular
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 somewhat
                 digressed
                 from
                 the
                 Experiment
                 ,
                 which
                 chiefly
                 concerned
                 colour
                 )
                 because
                 hereupon
                 mainly
                 depends
                 the
                 goodness
                 and
                 
                   flourishing
                   of
                   a
                   Garden
                
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 these
                 kinds
                 of
                 flowers
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 we
                 know
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 best
                 way
                 to
                 
                   propagate
                   flowers
                
                 ,
                 nor
                 to
                 plant
                 and
                 order
                 them
                 ,
                 being
                 prepared
                 ,
                 the
                 Garden
                 will
                 be
                 but
                 poor
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   Whites
                   are
                   more
                   inodorate
                   (
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   )
                   then
                   Flowers
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   kind
                   Coloured
                   :
                   we
                   find
                   also
                   that
                   blossomes
                   of
                   Trees
                   that
                   are
                   white
                   ,
                   are
                   commonly
                   inodorate
                   ,
                   as
                   Cherries
                   ,
                   Pears
                   ,
                   Plums
                   .
                   Whereas
                   those
                   of
                   Apples
                   ,
                   Crabs
                   ,
                   Almonds
                   ,
                   and
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   are
                   blushy
                   and
                   smell
                   sweet
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 I
                 conceive
                 this
                 Experiment
                 was
                 not
                 throughly
                 weighed
                 and
                 tryed
                 ;
                 for
                 to
                 my
                 Observation
                 ,
                 
                   white
                   Flowers
                
                 have
                 (
                 generally
                 )
                 as
                 much
                 smell
                 as
                 those
                 coloured
                 :
                 to
                 instance
                 in
                 the
                 
                   white
                   Rose
                
                 ,
                 the
                 ordinary
                 kind
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   white
                   Musk
                   Rose
                
                 ,
                 I
                 suppose
                 they
                 have
                 as
                 
                   much
                   smell
                
                 (
                 especially
                 the
                 
                   Musk
                   Rose
                
                 )
                 as
                 
                   Red
                   Roses
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Provosts
                 ,
                 or
                 Velvet
                 ,
                 or
                 Marble
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 coloured
                 
                 kinds
                 ,
                 yea
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 too
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 some
                 
                   white
                   flowers
                
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   white
                   Lilly
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 kinds
                 ,
                 their
                 smell
                 is
                 more
                 full
                 and
                 ranck
                 then
                 many
                 red
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 
                   coloured
                   flowers
                
                 :
                 And
                 for
                 
                   blossomes
                   of
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 some
                 that
                 are
                 white
                 ,
                 smell
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 some
                 that
                 are
                 red
                 or
                 coloured
                 ;
                 for
                 what
                 smell
                 hath
                 the
                 
                   double
                   blossome
                   Peach
                   flower
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Nectrine
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 kind
                 of
                 
                   Peach
                   blossomes
                
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 all
                 coloured
                 excellently
                 ,
                 more
                 then
                 the
                 
                   blossomes
                   of
                   Pear-tree
                   ,
                   Cherry
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Plum-tree
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 inodorate
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 there
                 must
                 be
                 some
                 other
                 cause
                 found
                 out
                 ,
                 why
                 some
                 
                   flowers
                   and
                   blossomes
                
                 smell
                 not
                 ,
                 (
                 or
                 smell
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 some
                 others
                 )
                 then
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 assigned
                 ;
                 viz.
                 the
                 thinness
                 or
                 
                   scantness
                   of
                   that
                   substance
                   which
                   maketh
                   the
                   Flower
                   .
                
                 The
                 cause
                 why
                 some
                 flowers
                 and
                 
                   blossomes
                   smell
                   not
                
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 others
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 is
                 the
                 cause
                 why
                 some
                 flowers
                 and
                 fruits
                 are
                 bigger
                 then
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 better
                 taste
                 then
                 others
                 ;
                 which
                 proceeds
                 (
                 undoubtedly
                 )
                 from
                 the
                 specifique
                 or
                 
                   distinct
                   intrinsecal
                   Form
                
                 of
                 each
                 particular
                 Plant
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 God
                 of
                 nature
                 hath
                 fixed
                 in
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 Law
                 ,
                 which
                 nature
                 never
                 violates
                 ,
                 but
                 keeps
                 in
                 all
                 kinds
                 of
                 Creatures
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Contrarywise
                   in
                   Berries
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   the
                   white
                   is
                   commonly
                   more
                   delicate
                   and
                   sweet
                   in
                   taste
                   ,
                   then
                   the
                   coloured
                   ;
                   as
                   we
                   see
                   in
                   the
                   white
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   white
                   Rasps
                   ,
                   white
                   Strawberries
                   ,
                   Currants
                   ,
                   
                   &c.
                   the
                   Cause
                   is
                   ,
                   for
                   that
                   the
                   coloured
                   are
                   more
                   juiced
                   ,
                   and
                   courser
                   juiced
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   not
                   so
                   well
                   and
                   equally
                   concocted
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   But
                   in
                   fruits
                   ,
                   the
                   white
                   commonly
                   is
                   meaner
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   Plums
                   ,
                   the
                   white
                   harvest
                   Plum
                   is
                   a
                   base
                   Plum
                   ,
                   the
                   Musle
                   ,
                   Damazeen
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   black
                   Plums
                   ,
                   are
                   of
                   the
                   best
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 
                 This
                 proves
                 what
                 was
                 last
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 true
                 ,
                 viz.
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 
                   specifical
                   .
                   Form
                   of
                   every
                   Plant
                   ,
                
                 that
                 causeth
                 the
                 difference
                 of
                 
                   tastes
                   in
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 and
                 smell
                 in
                 flowers
                 .
                 For
                 we
                 see
                 by
                 experience
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 
                   white
                   kinds
                   of
                   flowers
                   ,
                   fruits
                   ,
                   berries
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 are
                 sweeter
                 and
                 better
                 in
                 smell
                 &
                 tast
                 ,
                 then
                 others
                 of
                 
                   coloured
                   kinds
                
                 :
                 and
                 likewise
                 other
                 
                   coloured
                   kinds
                
                 of
                 
                   flowers
                   ,
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 &
                 berries
                 ,
                 are
                 sweeter
                 &
                 better
                 then
                 some
                 
                   white
                   kinds
                
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 hard
                 matter
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 the
                 particular
                 cause
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 a
                 distinct
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 differences
                 of
                 particulars
                 ,
                 though
                 men
                 may
                 venture
                 at
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   Gilly-flower
                   seed
                   of
                   one
                   kind
                   ,
                   being
                   sowen
                   ,
                   will
                   come
                   up
                   of
                   several
                   colours
                   :
                   The
                   cause
                   is
                   (
                   no
                   doubt
                   )
                   that
                   in
                   earth
                   ,
                   though
                   it
                   be
                   contiguous
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   one
                   bed
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   several
                   juices
                   ;
                   and
                   as
                   the
                   seed
                   doth
                   casually
                   meet
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   so
                   it
                   cometh
                   forth
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 Gillyflower-seed
                 of
                 one
                 kind
                 sowen
                 ,
                 will
                 bring
                 up
                 
                   several
                   kinds
                
                 ,
                 some
                 double
                 and
                 some
                 single
                 :
                 but
                 I
                 much
                 doubt
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 
                   seed
                   meet
                   ,
                   with
                   several
                   juices
                   in
                   one
                   bed-of
                   earth
                   :
                
                 
                 for
                 can
                 it
                 be
                 imagined
                 ,
                 that
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 very
                 small
                 seeds
                 ,
                 that
                 lie
                 as
                 close
                 together
                 as
                 can
                 be
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 should
                 draw
                 several
                 juices
                 from
                 the
                 very
                 self
                 same
                 mould
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 cause
                 them
                 to
                 vary
                 in
                 the
                 colour
                 of
                 the
                 flowers
                 ?
                 May
                 it
                 not
                 rather
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 from
                 a
                 
                   Law
                   in
                   Nature
                
                 ,
                 which
                 God
                 of
                 his
                 general
                 bounty
                 to
                 us
                 ,
                 hath
                 put
                 into
                 it
                 ;
                 though
                 we
                 stand
                 not
                 in
                 absolute
                 necessity
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 yet
                 in
                 that
                 he
                 gives
                 us
                 such
                 variety
                 and
                 choice
                 ?
                 But
                 for
                 men
                 to
                 finde
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 shew
                 
                   a
                   particular
                   Cause
                   in
                   Nature
                
                 ,
                 of
                 this
                 variety
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 as
                 hard
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 shew
                 a
                 cause
                 why
                 several
                 kinds
                 of
                 grafts
                 upon
                 one
                 Tree
                 ,
                 
                 drawing
                 
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   self
                   same
                   sap
                   ,
                
                 do
                 yet
                 bring
                 forth
                 different
                 fruits
                 ;
                 other
                 then
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   they
                   keep
                   their
                   several
                   Natures
                
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 convert
                 the
                 same
                 sap
                 into
                 several
                 kinds
                 of
                 fruits
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 distinct
                 specifique
                 intrinsecal
                 form
                 of
                 each
                 particular
                 kind
                 of
                 fruit
                 .
                 And
                 why
                 may
                 not
                 the
                 same
                 be
                 said
                 of
                 
                   several
                   Seeds
                
                 and
                 Roots
                 in
                 one
                 Bed
                 ,
                 drawing
                 the
                 same
                 
                   juice
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                
                 ?
              
               
                 Concerning
                 sowing
                 of
                 
                   Gillyflower
                   seed
                
                 ,
                 I
                 advise
                 those
                 that
                 sow
                 it
                 ,
                 first
                 to
                 gather
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 fairest
                 and
                 best
                 
                   Clove-gilly
                   flower
                
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 be
                 full
                 ripe
                 ,
                 ere
                 it
                 be
                 gathered
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 turned
                 black
                 :
                 Also
                 seed
                 may
                 be
                 gathered
                 from
                 other
                 double
                 
                 flowers
                 ;
                 some
                 commend
                 especially
                 the
                 
                   London
                   white
                
                 ,
                 others
                 ,
                 a
                 flower
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   old
                   mans
                   head
                
                 ,
                 and
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 varieties
                 come
                 from
                 these
                 :
                 some
                 are
                 for
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 for
                 another
                 ;
                 but
                 so
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 most
                 will
                 be
                 
                   single
                   flowers
                
                 from
                 the
                 
                   best
                   seed
                
                 ;
                 but
                 doubtless
                 there
                 is
                 much
                 in
                 the
                 ground
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 seed
                 is
                 sowen
                 ;
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 poor
                 soyle
                 they
                 are
                 more
                 like
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 single
                 ,
                 then
                 if
                 the
                 ground
                 be
                 special
                 
                   rich
                   mould
                
                 ;
                 for
                 (
                 as
                 was
                 said
                 )
                 
                   barren
                   ground
                
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 makes
                 flowers
                 small
                 ,
                 so
                 sometimes
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 turn
                 from
                 double
                 to
                 single
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 seed
                 when
                 sowen
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   It
                   is
                   a
                   Curiosity
                   to
                   have
                   flowers
                   double
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   effected
                   by
                   often
                   removing
                   them
                   into
                   new
                   earth
                   ,
                   or
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   part
                   double
                   flowers
                   ,
                   by
                   neglecting
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   removing
                   ,
                   prove
                   single
                   .
                   And
                   the
                   way
                   to
                   do
                   it
                   speedily
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   sow
                   ,
                   or
                   set
                   seeds
                   ,
                   or
                   slips
                   of
                   flowers
                   ,
                   and
                   us
                   soon
                   as
                   they
                   come
                   up
                   ,
                   to
                   remove
                   them
                   into
                   new
                   ground
                   that
                   is
                   good
                   .
                   Enquire
                   also
                   whether
                   Inoculating
                   of
                   Flowers
                   ,
                   (
                   as
                   Stock
                   gilly-flowers
                   ,
                   Roses
                   ,
                   Musk-Roses
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
                   doth
                   not
                   make
                   them
                   double
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                 For
                 the
                 first
                 part
                 of
                 this
                 Experiment
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 
                   Flowers
                   double
                
                 or
                 f●irer
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 good
                 Rule
                 as
                 the
                 Author
                 hath
                 set
                 down
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 (
                 withal
                 )
                 we
                 observe
                 the
                 directions
                 given
                 in
                 the
                 Observation
                 to
                 the
                 506
                 Experiment
                 ,
                 
                 in
                 breaking
                 off
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 buds
                 and
                 stems
                 ,
                 and
                 letting
                 some
                 few
                 grow
                 to
                 be
                 flowers
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 three
                 ways
                 sufficient
                 for
                 the
                 propagation
                 of
                 flowers
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 by
                 Seed
                 ,
                 by
                 Slips
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Layers
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 Laying
                 is
                 by
                 far
                 the
                 best
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 shewed
                 at
                 large
                 in
                 the
                 Observation
                 to
                 the
                 506
                 Experiment
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 for
                 
                   Inoculating
                   Roses
                
                 ,
                 (
                 Musk-Rose
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 kinds
                 )
                 that
                 is
                 very
                 common
                 and
                 sure
                 ;
                 yet
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 intent
                 of
                 the
                 Authour
                 ,
                 viz.
                 (
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 do●ble
                 )
                 it
                 succeeds
                 not
                 :
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 hath
                 given
                 the
                 Reason
                 ,
                 truly
                 ,
                 upon
                 another
                 occasion
                 :
                 Tha●
                 is
                 ,
                 all
                 Buds
                 and
                 Grafts
                 ,
                 rule
                 and
                 keep
                 their
                 own
                 Natures
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 change
                 not
                 ,
                 neither
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 making
                 Roses
                 more
                 double
                 or
                 better
                 then
                 they
                 were
                 before
                 ,
                 nor
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 
                   bettering
                   of
                   any
                   Fruit
                
                 :
                 as
                 hath
                 been
                 shew'd
                 heretofore
                 ,
                 Experiment
                 452.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   making
                   of
                   Fruits
                   without
                   Core
                   or
                   Stone
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   is
                   likewise
                   a
                   Curiosity
                   ;
                   If
                   a
                   Cions
                   or
                   shoot
                   have
                   the
                   Pith
                   finely
                   taken
                   forth
                   ,
                   (
                   and
                   not
                   altogether
                   ,
                   but
                   some
                   of
                   it
                   left
                   ,
                   the
                   better
                   to
                   save
                   the
                   life
                   ;
                   it
                   will
                   bear
                   a
                   fruit
                   with
                   little
                   or
                   no
                   Core
                   or
                   Stone
                   .
                   The
                   like
                   is
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   dividing
                   a
                   quick
                   Tree
                   down
                   to
                   the
                   ground
                   ,
                   and
                   taking
                   out
                   the
                   Pith
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   binding
                   it
                   up
                   again
                   .
                
              
               
                 These
                 prescriptions
                 for
                 making
                 Fruits
                 
                 
                 without
                 Core
                 or
                 Stone
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 think
                 are
                 from
                 this
                 worthy
                 Author
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 are
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 set
                 down
                 by
                 others
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 :
                 And
                 they
                 are
                 as
                 weak
                 and
                 groundless
                 conceits
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 other
                 things
                 asserted
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 about
                 
                   changing
                   the
                   species
                   of
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 them
                 of
                 an
                 aromatique
                 and
                 
                   pleasant
                   taste
                
                 ,
                 and
                 altering
                 the
                 colour
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 conceits
                 :
                 the
                 vanity
                 of
                 which
                 (
                 I
                 suppose
                 )
                 hath
                 been
                 sufficiently
                 laid
                 open
                 in
                 my
                 
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ;
                 see
                 there
                 
                   Errors
                   Discovered
                
                 ,
                 pag.
                 165
                 ,
                 166
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 For
                 ,
                 let
                 this
                 thing
                 be
                 a
                 little
                 considered
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 will
                 appear
                 to
                 any
                 man
                 that
                 hath
                 but
                 half
                 an
                 eye
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 vain
                 .
                 Suppose
                 a
                 shoot
                 or
                 graft
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 here
                 said
                 )
                 be
                 cloven
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 ,
                 or
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 pith
                 taken
                 out
                 ;
                 and
                 admit
                 such
                 a
                 one
                 be
                 grafted
                 (
                 or
                 any
                 way
                 set
                 in
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 take
                 root
                 )
                 and
                 grow
                 ,
                 yet
                 we
                 know
                 all
                 the
                 bark
                 and
                 buds
                 are
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 before
                 ;
                 and
                 taking
                 out
                 the
                 pith
                 ,
                 makes
                 no
                 alteration
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 ;
                 we
                 know
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 buds
                 that
                 are
                 Inoculated
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 all
                 the
                 pith
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 all
                 the
                 wood
                 is
                 cast
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 nothing
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 but
                 onely
                 the
                 buds
                 and
                 bark
                 of
                 any
                 young
                 shoot
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 we
                 see
                 ,
                 by
                 continual
                 experience
                 ,
                 what
                 the
                 effect
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 buds
                 bring
                 forth
                 the
                 same
                 fruits
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Trees
                 from
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 taken
                 .
              
               
               
                 And
                 if
                 a
                 young
                 Tree
                 were
                 divided
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 the
                 pith
                 taken
                 out
                 from
                 the
                 top
                 to
                 the
                 Root
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 said
                 )
                 there
                 is
                 less
                 Reason
                 ,
                 (
                 if
                 less
                 can
                 be
                 )
                 that
                 that
                 should
                 work
                 this
                 effect
                 ;
                 because
                 all
                 the
                 side
                 twigs
                 ,
                 (
                 if
                 it
                 have
                 any
                 )
                 would
                 have
                 pith
                 still
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 it
                 have
                 none
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 the
                 pith
                 were
                 taken
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 yet
                 we
                 know
                 the
                 increase
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 must
                 be
                 still
                 from
                 the
                 Buds
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 nature
                 in
                 them
                 as
                 grafts
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   buds
                   Inoculated
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                   It
                   is
                   very
                   probable
                   ,
                   that
                   any
                   soure
                   fruit
                   ,
                   grafted
                   upon
                   a
                   stock
                   that
                   beareth
                   a
                   sweeter
                   fruit
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   may
                   both
                   make
                   the
                   fruit
                   sweeter
                   and
                   more
                   void
                   of
                   the
                   harsh
                   matter
                   of
                   the
                   kernells
                   or
                   seeds
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   It
                   is
                   reported
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   that
                   not
                   only
                   taking
                   out
                   the
                   Pith
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   stopping
                   of
                   the
                   juice
                   of
                   the
                   Pith
                   from
                   rising
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   ,
                   and
                   turning
                   it
                   to
                   rise
                   on
                   the
                   outside
                   ,
                   will
                   make
                   the
                   fruit
                   without
                   core
                   or
                   stone
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Rule
                   is
                   General
                
                 ;
                 
                 
                   that
                   whatsoever
                   will
                   make
                   a
                   wild
                   Tree
                   ,
                   a
                   Garden
                   Tree
                   ,
                   will
                   make
                   a
                   Garden
                   Tree
                   to
                   have
                   less
                   Core
                   or
                   Stone
                   .
                
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 a
                 
                   soure
                   fruit
                
                 ,
                 grafted
                 upon
                 a
                 stock
                 of
                 a
                 
                   sweeter
                   kind
                
                 ,
                 will
                 make
                 the
                 fruit
                 somewhat
                 sweeter
                 ,
                 yet
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 graft
                 still
                 governs
                 (
                 as
                 this
                 Author
                 elswhere
                 hath
                 said
                 )
                 and
                 as
                 experience
                 proves
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 fruits
                 will
                 have
                 kernels
                 and
                 seeds
                 as
                 before
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                 As
                 for
                 taking
                 out
                 the
                 Pith
                 ,
                 or
                 stopping
                 the
                 juice
                 of
                 the
                 Pith
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 all
                 one
                 as
                 to
                 this
                 intention
                 .
              
               
                 Concerning
                 the
                 
                   general
                   Rule
                
                 in
                 the
                 517
                 Experiment
                 ,
                 know
                 nothing
                 that
                 will
                 make
                 a
                 Wild-tree
                 ,
                 a
                 Garden-tree
                 ,
                 but
                 grafting
                 it
                 with
                 
                   good
                   kinds
                   of
                   grafts
                
                 :
                 And
                 I
                 am
                 sure
                 grafting
                 will
                 not
                 make
                 any
                 fruit
                 to
                 have
                 less
                 Core
                 or
                 Stone
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   Plants
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   Culture
                   ,
                   degenerate
                   to
                   be
                   baser
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   kind
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   to
                   change
                   into
                   another
                   kind
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   
                   1.
                   
                   
                     By
                     standing
                     long
                     unremoved
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   
                     By
                     drought
                     and
                     dryness
                     of
                     the
                     Earth
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   
                     By
                     the
                     barrenness
                     of
                     the
                     earth
                     ,
                     removing
                     Plants
                     into
                     worse
                     mould
                     ,
                     or
                     forbearing
                     to
                     renew
                     and
                     help
                     the
                     ground
                     with
                     dung
                     ,
                     or
                     fresh
                     mould
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                 It
                 hath
                 been
                 (a)
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 Violets
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 flowers
                 ,
                 will
                 change
                 from
                 double
                 to
                 single
                 ,
                 or
                 change
                 in
                 colour
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 mould
                 wherein
                 they
                 grow
                 ,
                 becomes
                 barren
                 and
                 heartless
                 through
                 neglect
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 substance
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 three
                 particulars
                 mentioned
                 in
                 the
                 Experiment
                 .
                 Therefore
                 there
                 is
                 need
                 of
                 some
                 fresh
                 mould
                 from
                 year
                 to
                 year
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 preserving
                 of
                 flowers
                 in
                 their
                 perfection
                 .
                 See
                 hereof
                 at
                 large
                 ,
                 Experiment
                 506
                 and
                 510.
                 
              
               
               
                 
                   Whatsoever
                   Fruit
                   useth
                   to
                   be
                   set
                   upon
                   a
                   root
                   or
                   slip
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   sowen
                   ,
                   will
                   degenerate
                   :
                   And
                   most
                   of
                   those
                   fruits
                   that
                   use
                   to
                   be
                   grafted
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   be
                   set
                   of
                   kernels
                   or
                   stones
                   ,
                   degenerate
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   true
                   ,
                   that
                   Peaches
                   do
                   better
                   upon
                   stones
                   set
                   ,
                   then
                   upon
                   grafting
                   :
                   And
                   the
                   Rule
                   of
                   exception
                   should
                   seem
                   to
                   be
                   this
                   ;
                   That
                   whatsoever
                   Plant
                   requireth
                   much
                   moisture
                   ,
                   prospereth
                   better
                   upon
                   the
                   stone
                   or
                   kernel
                   ,
                   then
                   upon
                   the
                   graft
                   ;
                   For
                   the
                   stock
                   ,
                   though
                   it
                   giveth
                   a
                   finer
                   nourishment
                   ,
                   yet
                   it
                   giveth
                   a
                   scanter
                   than
                   the
                   earth
                   at
                   large
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 reason
                 why
                 
                   Fruits
                   that
                   come
                   of
                   seed
                   or
                   stones
                   ,
                
                 
                 do
                 degenerate
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 )
                 and
                 become
                 worse
                 then
                 the
                 Fruits
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 seed
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 to
                 be
                 this
                 ;
                 Fruits
                 that
                 come
                 of
                 seed
                 or
                 stones
                 ,
                 do
                 partake
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 graft
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 of
                 that
                 Tree
                 from
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 taken
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 although
                 the
                 graft
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 
                   special
                   good
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   choice
                   kind
                
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 stock
                 whereon
                 it
                 was
                 engrafted
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 Crab-tree
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 wild
                 kind
                 of
                 Fruit-tree
                 ,
                 the
                 seed
                 participates
                 of
                 both
                 graft
                 and
                 stock
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 brings
                 forth
                 a
                 
                   mungrel
                   fruit
                
                 ,
                 between
                 them
                 both
                 :
                 For
                 although
                 grafts
                 govern
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 hath
                 been
                 said
                 )
                 and
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 bring
                 forth
                 the
                 same
                 kinds
                 ,
                 yet
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 stock
                 hath
                 some
                 
                   influence
                   into
                   the
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 goodness
                 or
                 badness
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 now
                 ,
                 In
                 case
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 seeds
                 or
                 stones
                 are
                 taken
                 ,
                 be
                 an
                 
                   ungrafted
                   Tree
                
                 ,
                 one
                 that
                 came
                 of
                 seed
                 it self
                 ,
                 then
                 I
                 doubt
                 not
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 seed
                 of
                 that
                 Tree
                 ,
                 will
                 bring
                 forth
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 kinds
                 again
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 alteration
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 that
                 the
                 Authour
                 sayes
                 concerning
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 come
                 better
                 of
                 stones
                 then
                 grafting
                 ;
                 I
                 know
                 by
                 experience
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 mistake
                 in
                 this
                 ;
                 for
                 although
                 it
                 be
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 Peaches
                 will
                 come
                 good
                 of
                 seed
                 ,
                 yet
                 doubtless
                 not
                 better
                 then
                 by
                 Inoculating
                 ,
                 (
                 they
                 take
                 not
                 with
                 grafting
                 )
                 for
                 we
                 see
                 by
                 constant
                 experience
                 ,
                 that
                 Peach-buds
                 set
                 upon
                 good
                 stocks
                 ,
                 will
                 bring
                 forth
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Trees
                 from
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 cut
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 their
                 culture
                 and
                 ordering
                 be
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 good
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 some
                 that
                 have
                 come
                 of
                 stones
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 observ'd
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 ;
                 many
                 that
                 have
                 come
                 of
                 stones
                 have
                 been
                 stark
                 nought
                 ,
                 though
                 some
                 have
                 been
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 it
                 is
                 with
                 flower-seeds
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 
                   seeds
                   of
                   fruits
                
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 why
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 kind
                 of
                 fruit
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 come
                 better
                 of
                 stones
                 or
                 seeds
                 ,
                 then
                 by
                 grafting
                 or
                 Inoculating
                 ,
                 I
                 apprehend
                 not
                 any
                 reason
                 :
                 as
                 for
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 given
                 ,
                 That
                 
                   the
                   stock
                   giveth
                   a
                   scanter
                   nourishment
                   ,
                   then
                   the
                   earth
                   at
                   large
                
                 ;
                 
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 considered
                 :
                 The
                 twigs
                 and
                 branches
                 of
                 a
                 Peach-tree
                 ,
                 (
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 Tree
                 that
                 came
                 of
                 seed
                 or
                 stones
                 )
                 they
                 receive
                 Sap
                 and
                 nourishment
                 from
                 a
                 stem
                 ,
                 or
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 root
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Tree
                 were
                 engrafted
                 :
                 the
                 twigs
                 and
                 branches
                 of
                 an
                 engrafted
                 Tree
                 ,
                 have
                 as
                 free
                 ,
                 and
                 full
                 nourishment
                 ,
                 (
                 without
                 any
                 obstruction
                 )
                 as
                 the
                 branches
                 of
                 an
                 
                   ungrafted
                   Tree
                
                 ;
                 the
                 branches
                 of
                 a
                 
                   grafted
                   tree
                
                 ,
                 have
                 no
                 
                   finer
                   nourishment
                
                 ,
                 nor
                 scanter
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 
                   branches
                   of
                   an
                   ungrafted
                   Tree
                
                 :
                 for
                 we
                 know
                 the
                 Root
                 and
                 Body
                 of
                 a
                 
                   grafted
                   Tree
                
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 an
                 
                   ungrafted
                   Tree
                
                 ,
                 are
                 alike
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 earth
                 is
                 as
                 free
                 to
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 
                   It
                   is
                   reported
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   that
                   a
                   good
                   strong
                   Canvas
                   spread
                   over
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   grafted
                   low
                   ,
                   soon
                   after
                   it
                   putteth
                   forth
                   ,
                   will
                   dwarf
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   it
                   spread
                   :
                   The
                   Cause
                   is
                   plaine
                   ,
                   for
                   that
                   all
                   things
                   grow
                   as
                   they
                   find
                   room
                   .
                
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 said
                 )
                 That
                 Cloth
                 sometimes
                 spread
                 over
                 a
                 Tree
                 ,
                 grafted
                 low
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 suffered
                 to
                 lie
                 on
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 )
                 will
                 cause
                 it
                 to
                 spread
                 much
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 this
                 may
                 be
                 improved
                 for
                 our
                 use
                 and
                 benefit
                 ,
                 this
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 :
                 To
                 plant
                 some
                 few
                 
                   Cherry-trees
                   ,
                   Plum-trees
                
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 kinds
                 ,
                 grafted
                 low
                 ,
                 and
                 caused
                 to
                 spread
                 much
                 ,
                 and
                 kept
                 from
                 rising
                 up
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 ;
                 keep
                 the
                 earth
                 bare
                 ,
                 clean
                 from
                 
                   weeds
                   ,
                   grass
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                 any
                 thing
                 growing
                 under
                 or
                 about
                 them
                 :
                 such
                 Trees
                 (
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 good
                 kinds
                 )
                 will
                 bear
                 much
                 and
                 fairer
                 fruits
                 ,
                 then
                 
                   high
                   trees
                
                 :
                 the
                 reflection
                 of
                 heat
                 from
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 almost
                 as
                 strong
                 as
                 from
                 a
                 wall
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 fruits
                 may
                 be
                 keept
                 long
                 ,
                 growing
                 upon
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 even
                 till
                 after
                 September
                 ,
                 or
                 October
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 a
                 Cloth
                 be
                 sometimes
                 ,
                 in
                 
                   hot
                   weather
                
                 ,
                 spread
                 over
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 moistned
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 keep
                 the
                 fruits
                 from
                 
                   ripening
                   too
                   soon
                
                 :
                 (
                 yet
                 shade
                 them
                 not
                 too
                 much
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 come
                 not
                 to
                 full
                 ripeness
                 )
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 the
                 fruits
                 being
                 ripe
                 ,
                 some
                 old
                 
                   Canvas
                   ,
                   hair-cloth
                
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 spread
                 over
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 Fruits
                 from
                 Birds
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 be
                 so
                 kept
                 long
                 ;
                 (
                 look
                 that
                 snails
                 eat
                 them
                 not
                 )
                 Or
                 else
                 a
                 Net
                 may
                 be
                 spread
                 over
                 such
                 Trees
                 ,
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 fruits
                 :
                 I
                 have
                 known
                 faire
                 Cherries
                 upon
                 Trees
                 towards
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 October
                 .
                 I
                 conceive
                 the
                 great
                 bearing
                 Cherry
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 late
                 ripe
                 ,
                 
                   tart
                   Cherries
                
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 best
                 to
                 keep
                 long
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 :
                 such
                 are
                 more
                 hardy
                 then
                 other
                 kinds
                 ;
                 
                   Cherries
                   very
                   late
                
                 ,
                 are
                 as
                 great
                 Rarieties
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 early
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   Trees
                   are
                   generally
                   set
                   of
                   Roots
                   or
                   kernels
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   you
                   set
                   them
                   of
                   slips
                   (
                   as
                   the
                   Mulberry
                   ,
                   &c.
                   )
                   they
                   will
                   grow
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   (
                   as
                   is
                   reported
                   )
                   will
                   be
                   dwarf
                   Trees
                   ;
                   the
                   cause
                   is
                   ,
                   for
                   that
                   
                   the
                   slip
                   draweth
                   nourishment
                   more
                   weakly
                   ,
                   then
                   either
                   a
                   Root
                   or
                   kernel
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Mulberry-tree
                   slips
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 kinds
                 of
                 Trees
                 that
                 will
                 grow
                 of
                 slips
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 
                   dwarf
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 will
                 order
                 them
                 accordingly
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 suffer
                 all
                 the
                 
                   side
                   branches
                
                 to
                 grow
                 :
                 or
                 such
                 slips
                 (
                 taking
                 Root
                 )
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 
                   high
                   Trees
                
                 in
                 time
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 cut
                 off
                 all
                 the
                 
                   side
                   branches
                
                 ,
                 and
                 preserve
                 only
                 the
                 middle
                 strait
                 shoot
                 .
                 But
                 indeed
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 for
                 certain
                 years
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 
                   dwarf
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 until
                 they
                 can
                 rise
                 higher
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 time
                 they
                 will
                 do
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 take
                 
                   Root
                   well
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   ground
                   be
                   good
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                   In
                   Clay
                   grounds
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   all
                   Fruit-trees
                   grow
                   full
                   of
                   Moss
                   ,
                   both
                   upon
                   body
                   and
                   boughs
                   :
                   which
                   is
                   caused
                   partly
                   by
                   the
                   coldness
                   of
                   the
                   ground
                   ,
                   whereby
                   the
                   Plants
                   nourish
                   less
                   ,
                   and
                   partly
                   by
                   the
                   toughness
                   of
                   the
                   earth
                   ,
                   whereby
                   the
                   sap
                   is
                   shut
                   in
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 We
                 see
                 by
                 Experience
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 Trees
                 growing
                 upon
                 cold
                 and
                 
                   moist
                   grounds
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Clay
                   ,
                   Gravel
                   ,
                   barren
                   Grounds
                   ,
                
                 do
                 generally
                 
                   breed
                   Moss
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 caused
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Author
                 says
                 )
                 by
                 the
                 coldness
                 and
                 scantness
                 of
                 the
                 nourishment
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 there
                 is
                 need
                 (
                 besides
                 the
                 
                   scraping
                   off
                   of
                   the
                   Moss
                
                 )
                 to
                 lay
                 the
                 
                   Roots
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 as
                 dry
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 in
                 such
                 
                   moist
                   grounds
                
                 ,
                 by
                 trenching
                 or
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 to
                 bring
                 in
                 some
                 soyles
                 to
                 make
                 
                 the
                 ground
                 better
                 and
                 warmer
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 :
                 see
                 of
                 this
                 more
                 at
                 large
                 ,
                 
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ▪
                   trees
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   Is
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   noted
                   ,
                   that
                   (
                   commonly
                   )
                   Trees
                   that
                   ripen
                   their
                   fruits
                   latest
                   ,
                   do
                   blossome
                   soonest
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Some
                 Fruit-trees
                 indeed
                 which
                 bring
                 forth
                 their
                 fruits
                 to
                 perfection
                 and
                 ripeness
                 ,
                 late
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 ,
                 do
                 blossome
                 early
                 ;
                 as
                 having
                 need
                 of
                 the
                 sun
                 to
                 ripen
                 them
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 sommer
                 :
                 But
                 some
                 other
                 kinds
                 blossome
                 early
                 ,
                 and
                 ripen
                 their
                 fruits
                 also
                 early
                 ;
                 as
                 May-Cherry-trees
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Premarden
                   plum
                
                 ,
                 also
                 the
                 
                   Mirabilon
                   Plum-tree
                
                 blossomes
                 exceeding
                 early
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Tree
                 brings
                 forth
                 his
                 Fruit
                 early
                 .
                 I
                 have
                 got
                 ripe
                 plums
                 from
                 this
                 Tree
                 about
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 Iuly
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 early
                 for
                 Plums
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   There
                   be
                   fruits
                   ,
                   (
                   but
                   rarely
                   )
                   that
                   come
                   twice
                   a
                   year
                   ,
                   as
                   some
                   Pears
                   ,
                   Strawberries
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
                 
                   Roses
                   bear
                   twice
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   without
                   cutting
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 The
                 
                   Windsor
                   Pear-tree
                
                 does
                 blossome
                 and
                 bear
                 fruits
                 twice
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 some
                 years
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 second
                 bearing
                 I
                 could
                 never
                 see
                 worth
                 the
                 gathering
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 poor
                 ,
                 small
                 ,
                 hard
                 fruits
                 ,
                 not
                 worth
                 any
                 thing
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 Cherries
                 twice
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 upon
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Tree
                 ;
                 an
                 early
                 
                 Flanders
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 set
                 upon
                 a
                 very
                 warm
                 South-wall
                 ,
                 bore
                 ripe
                 Cherries
                 about
                 the
                 twentieth
                 of
                 May
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Tree
                 bore
                 ripe
                 Cherries
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 sixth
                 of
                 October
                 .
              
               
                 Strawberries
                 ordinarily
                 bear
                 twice
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 though
                 but
                 few
                 the
                 second
                 time
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 Rose-trees
                 ,
                 some
                 
                   Damask
                   Roses
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 Provosts
                 ,
                 bear
                 a
                 second
                 time
                 the
                 same
                 year
                 ,
                 though
                 but
                 few
                 ,
                 if
                 cut
                 soon
                 after
                 the
                 first
                 bearing
                 in
                 the
                 full
                 Moon
                 .
                 But
                 besides
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Rose-tree
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Monthly
                   Rose
                
                 ,
                 which
                 bears
                 Roses
                 until
                 the
                 coldness
                 of
                 the
                 Winter
                 stop
                 it
                 ,
                 about
                 November
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Nothing
                   procureth
                   the
                   lasting
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   Bushes
                   ,
                   and
                   Herbs
                   ,
                   so
                   much
                   as
                   often
                   cutting
                   ;
                   For
                   every
                   cutting
                   causeth
                   a
                   Renovation
                   of
                   the
                   juice
                   of
                   the
                   Plant
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   neither
                   goeth
                   so
                   far
                   ,
                   nor
                   riseth
                   so
                   faintly
                   ,
                   as
                   when
                   the
                   Plant
                   is
                   not
                   cut
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 in
                 
                   cutting
                   of
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 
                 else
                 instead
                 of
                 making
                 them
                 last
                 longer
                 ,
                 we
                 shorten
                 their
                 lives
                 .
                 That
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 so
                 cut
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 wet
                 and
                 moisture
                 get
                 not
                 into
                 their
                 bodies
                 ▪
                 which
                 in
                 certain
                 years
                 will
                 rot
                 and
                 spoil
                 them
                 ;
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 many
                 Pollard-trees
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 hollow
                 all
                 along
                 their
                 bodies
                 :
                 And
                 many
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 having
                 had
                 their
                 heads
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 great
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 grafted
                 again
                 ;
                 
                 we
                 see
                 the
                 wet
                 and
                 moisture
                 gets
                 in
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 grafts
                 can
                 cover
                 the
                 head
                 ,
                 and
                 rots
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 which
                 can
                 never
                 grow
                 great
                 after
                 ,
                 nor
                 last
                 long
                 ,
                 but
                 rots
                 and
                 decays
                 in
                 few
                 years
                 .
                 Whereas
                 Trees
                 that
                 are
                 sound
                 ,
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 kinds
                 )
                 must
                 needs
                 last
                 much
                 longer
                 :
                 by
                 cutting
                 off
                 side
                 branches
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 superfluous
                 branches
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 not
                 great
                 )
                 that
                 conduceth
                 to
                 the
                 lasting
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 as
                 giving
                 the
                 
                   more
                   plentiful
                
                 and
                 
                   vigorous
                   nourishment
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   left
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   the
                   whole
                   body
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 VII
                 .
                 CENTVRY
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   QVinces
                   or
                   Apples
                   ,
                   if
                   you
                   will
                   keep
                   them
                   long
                   ,
                   drown
                   them
                   in
                   Hony
                   ,
                   but
                   because
                   Hony
                   (
                   perhaps
                   )
                   will
                   give
                   them
                   a
                   taste
                   overlushious
                   ,
                   it
                   were
                   good
                   to
                   make
                   tryal
                   in
                   powder
                   of
                   Sugar
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   surrup
                   of
                   Wine
                   onely
                   boyled
                   to
                   height
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 As
                 for
                 keeping
                 of
                 Apples
                 ,
                 keeping
                 them
                 in
                 Hony
                 or
                 Sugar
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 costly
                 :
                 some
                 Pippins
                 and
                 Iohn-Apples
                 ,
                 will
                 (
                 of
                 themselves
                 )
                 last
                 till
                 new
                 come
                 again
                 :
                 it
                 's
                 good
                 then
                 to
                 get
                 such
                 kinds
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 have
                 for
                 use
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 long
                 ,
                 without
                 charge
                 in
                 keeping
                 .
              
               
               
                 And
                 for
                 keeping
                 Quinces
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 kept
                 long
                 in
                 pickle
                 ,
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 Parings
                 and
                 Cores
                 (
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 used
                 for
                 Marmalade
                 )
                 well
                 boyled
                 in
                 water
                 ,
                 with
                 Salt
                 and
                 Ginger
                 .
                 Or
                 a
                 better
                 way
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 account
                 )
                 is
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 in
                 small
                 Ale
                 a
                 penny
                 a
                 Gallon
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 draw
                 it
                 off
                 once
                 in
                 ten
                 or
                 twelve
                 days
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 in
                 fresh
                 ;
                 thus
                 it
                 s
                 said
                 they
                 will
                 last
                 two
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Take
                   Grapes
                   and
                   hang
                   them
                   in
                   an
                   empty
                   Vessel
                   well
                   stopped
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   and
                   set
                   the
                   Vessel
                   not
                   in
                   a
                   Celler
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   some
                   dry
                   place
                   ,
                   and
                   it
                   s
                   said
                   they
                   will
                   last
                   long
                   .
                
              
               
                 Grapes
                 will
                 keep
                 for
                 some
                 short
                 time
                 in
                 this
                 mrnner
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 hath
                 been
                 said
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 cold
                 moist
                 Aire
                 towards
                 Winter
                 comes
                 on
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 begin
                 to
                 mould
                 and
                 ●ot
                 :
                 I
                 have
                 kept
                 some
                 in
                 Glass
                 ,
                 as
                 close
                 stopt
                 with
                 cork
                 ,
                 and
                 wax
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 could
                 ,
                 supposing
                 the
                 exclusion
                 of
                 Air
                 had
                 been
                 best
                 ,
                 but
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 good
                 certain
                 week
                 ,
                 yet
                 afterwards
                 they
                 began
                 to
                 perish
                 :
                 I
                 account
                 it
                 better
                 to
                 hang
                 the
                 bunches
                 in
                 a
                 Kitchin
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 warm
                 Room
                 where
                 fire
                 is
                 much
                 kept
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 superfluous
                 moisture
                 may
                 be
                 a
                 little
                 dried
                 up
                 ;
                 I
                 have
                 kept
                 them
                 thus
                 many
                 weeks
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 the
                 Aire
                 be
                 much
                 shut
                 out
                 from
                 them
                 in
                 any
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 yet
                 that
                 Aire
                 that
                 is
                 shut
                 in
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 own
                 natural
                 moisture
                 ,
                 will
                 cause
                 putrefaction
                 ;
                 
                 therefore
                 there
                 is
                 need
                 of
                 some
                 degree
                 of
                 warmth
                 with
                 dryness
                 :
                 Cut
                 off
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 wood
                 with
                 the
                 bunches
                 ,
                 and
                 cover
                 them
                 with
                 paper
                 from
                 dust
                 ,
                 and
                 hang
                 them
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Kitchin
                 ,
                 or
                 where
                 fire
                 is
                 kept
                 .
              
               
                 Also
                 a
                 
                   Vine
                   branch
                
                 full
                 of
                 
                   ripe
                   Grapes
                
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 in
                 at
                 a
                 window
                 ,
                 and
                 nailed
                 up
                 upon
                 the
                 wall
                 or
                 seeling
                 ,
                 letting
                 the
                 branch
                 grow
                 still
                 to
                 the
                 Vine
                 ,
                 thus
                 they
                 will
                 keep
                 long
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   The
                   juices
                   of
                   Fruits
                   are
                   either
                   watry
                   ,
                   or
                   oylie
                   :
                   I
                   reckon
                   amongst
                   the
                   watry
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   fruits
                   out
                   of
                   which
                   drink
                   is
                   expressed
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Grape
                   ,
                   the
                   Apple
                   ,
                   the
                   Pear
                   ,
                   the
                   Cherry
                   ,
                   the
                   Pomegranate
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   And
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   others
                   ,
                   which
                   though
                   they
                   be
                   not
                   in
                   use
                   for
                   drink
                   ,
                   yet
                   they
                   appear
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   nature
                   ,
                   as
                   Plums
                   ,
                   Mulberries
                   ,
                   Services
                   ,
                   Rasps
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   And
                   for
                   those
                   juices
                   that
                   are
                   so
                   fleshie
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   cannot
                   make
                   drink
                   by
                   expression
                   ,
                   yet
                   perhaps
                   they
                   may
                   make
                   drink
                   by
                   mixture
                   of
                   water
                   .
                   And
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   watry
                   juices
                   ,
                   after
                   they
                   have
                   gathered
                   spirit
                   ,
                   will
                   burn
                   and
                   inflame
                   as
                   Wine
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Concerning
                 the
                 juices
                 of
                 
                   Apples
                   ,
                   Pears
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Cherries
                 ,
                 these
                 are
                 well
                 known
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 in
                 use
                 and
                 esteem
                 ;
                 the
                 two
                 former
                 with
                 us
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 other
                 parts
                 :
                 And
                 we
                 might
                 have
                 Wine
                 of
                 
                 Cherries
                 as
                 plentifully
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 beyond
                 Sea
                 ,
                 if
                 men
                 would
                 but
                 plant
                 store
                 of
                 Cherry-trees
                 of
                 the
                 
                   best
                   kinds
                
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 fittest
                 for
                 this
                 purpose
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Morello
                   Cherry
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Charoon
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Black
                   hart
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 kinds
                 which
                 have
                 a
                 pleasant
                 taste
                 ,
                 the
                 juice
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 deep
                 
                   red
                   colour
                
                 :
                 These
                 would
                 make
                 a
                 delicate
                 Wine
                 ,
                 especially
                 for
                 
                   Sommer
                   time
                
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 will
                 last
                 also
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 heard
                 it
                 credibly
                 spoken
                 by
                 a
                 worthy
                 Gentleman
                 ,
                 who
                 drank
                 good
                 
                   Cherry
                   Wine
                
                 of
                 a
                 
                   Twelve
                   month
                   old
                
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Cider
                 and
                 Perry
                 ,
                 these
                 Liquors
                 (
                 especially
                 Cider
                 )
                 begin
                 to
                 be
                 better
                 known
                 to
                 us
                 ,
                 in
                 some
                 parts
                 where
                 they
                 have
                 scarce
                 been
                 heretofore
                 :
                 And
                 doubtless
                 when
                 men
                 are
                 better
                 acquainted
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 know
                 their
                 good
                 properties
                 and
                 virtues
                 ,
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 health
                 and
                 long-life
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 more
                 diligent
                 in
                 planting
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 best
                 and
                 fittest
                 for
                 this
                 purpose
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Pearmain
                   ,
                   Pippin
                   ,
                   Gennet-moyle
                   ,
                   Redstreak
                   ,
                
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 which
                 make
                 Cider
                 better
                 then
                 French-wine
                 .
              
               
                 Concerning
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 making
                 Cider
                 and
                 Perry
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 keeping
                 and
                 ordering
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 spoken
                 at
                 large
                 in
                 my
                 
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 :
                 See
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 pag.
                 144
                 ,
                 145
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
               
                 
                 As
                 for
                 Plums
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 affirmed
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 an
                 excellent
                 Wine
                 out
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 Aquavitae
                 ,
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 sweet
                 fat
                 Plums
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Musle-plums
                   ,
                   Damsons
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 though
                 the
                 juice
                 be
                 too
                 thick
                 of
                 it self
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 yet
                 
                   Water
                   ,
                   Cider
                
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 liquor
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 mixed
                 therewith
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 put
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 some
                 
                   Hony
                   ,
                   Yest
                
                 ,
                 (
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 )
                 must
                 be
                 mixed
                 ,
                 to
                 cause
                 it
                 to
                 work
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   It
                   hath
                   been
                   noted
                   ,
                   that
                   most
                   Trees
                   (
                   and
                   specially
                   those
                   that
                   bear
                   Mast
                   )
                   are
                   fruitful
                   but
                   once
                   in
                   two
                   years
                   .
                   The
                   cause
                   (
                   no
                   doubt
                   )
                   is
                   the
                   expence
                   of
                   sap
                   ;
                   for
                   many
                   Orchard
                   Trees
                   well
                   cultured
                   ,
                   will
                   bear
                   divers
                   years
                   together
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Some
                 Fruit-trees
                 bear
                 store
                 of
                 fruits
                 but
                 once
                 in
                 two
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 conceive
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 as
                 natural
                 for
                 some
                 kinds
                 so
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 bear
                 such
                 or
                 such
                 a
                 
                   kind
                   of
                   fruit
                
                 .
                 And
                 others
                 are
                 observed
                 to
                 bear
                 store
                 of
                 Fruits
                 every
                 year
                 constantly
                 ,
                 unless
                 (
                 perhaps
                 )
                 in
                 some
                 extream
                 blasting
                 spring
                 ,
                 which
                 spoils
                 (
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 )
                 all
                 :
                 But
                 for
                 many
                 years
                 together
                 every
                 year
                 ,
                 some
                 are
                 known
                 to
                 bear
                 Fruits
                 exceeding
                 full
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 culture
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 bear
                 but
                 each
                 other
                 year
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 we
                 see
                 the
                 expence
                 of
                 sap
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 bearing
                 year
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 only
                 cause
                 that
                 Trees
                 bear
                 not
                 the
                 next
                 year
                 after
                 ;
                 for
                 some
                 that
                 expend
                 
                 as
                 much
                 sap
                 ,
                 do
                 yet
                 bear
                 the
                 next
                 year
                 after
                 as
                 full
                 as
                 before
                 :
                 So
                 then
                 ,
                 let
                 care
                 be
                 taken
                 ,
                 to
                 chuse
                 grafts
                 from
                 those
                 Trees
                 that
                 we
                 see
                 by
                 Experience
                 are
                 the
                 best
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 constant
                 bearers
                 ,
                 and
                 best
                 fruits
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   greater
                   part
                   of
                   Tre●s
                   bear
                   most
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   and
                   best
                   on
                   the
                   lower
                   boughs
                   ,
                   but
                   some
                   bear
                   best
                   on
                   the
                   top
                   boughs
                   .
                   Those
                   that
                   bear
                   best
                   below
                   ,
                   are
                   such
                   as
                   shade
                   doth
                   more
                   good
                   to
                   then
                   hurt
                   ;
                   for
                   generally
                   all
                   fruits
                   bear
                   best
                   lowest
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   sap
                   tireth
                   not
                   ,
                   having
                   but
                   a
                   short
                   way
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   in
                   fruits
                   spread
                   upon
                   walls
                   ,
                   the
                   lowest
                   are
                   the
                   greatest
                   .
                
              
               
                 To
                 my
                 observation
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Apple-trees
                   ,
                   Pear-trees
                   ,
                   Cherry-trees
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 that
                 are
                 
                   good
                   bearers
                
                 ,
                 they
                 bear
                 all
                 over
                 alike
                 .
                 And
                 gene●ally
                 all
                 Fruit-trees
                 in
                 these
                 parts
                 ,
                 have
                 need
                 enough
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 and
                 bear
                 better
                 in
                 the
                 Sun
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 shade
                 ;
                 but
                 indeed
                 as
                 to
                 
                   Wall
                   trees
                
                 ,
                 most
                 commonly
                 we
                 see
                 most
                 fruit
                 upon
                 the
                 lower
                 boughs
                 ,
                 and
                 side
                 branches
                 ,
                 *
                 and
                 the
                 Reason
                 I
                 apprehend
                 to
                 be
                 this
                 :
                 Not
                 the
                 ●iring
                 of
                 the
                 sap
                 in
                 its
                 going
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 branches
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 sap
                 is
                 
                   too
                   vigorous
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   too
                   plentiful
                
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 
                   top
                   boughs
                
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 it
                 is
                 we
                 always
                 see
                 the
                 fairest
                 and
                 greatest
                 shoots
                 towards
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 all
                 Wall-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 commonly
                 of
                 all
                 
                 other
                 Trees
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 cause
                 why
                 the
                 lower
                 boughs
                 ,
                 and
                 side
                 branches
                 ,
                 have
                 usually
                 more
                 fruit
                 then
                 the
                 top
                 branches
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 to
                 be
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 sap
                 naturally
                 presseth
                 upwards
                 in
                 greatest
                 plenty
                 ,
                 and
                 runeth
                 forth
                 into
                 shoots
                 and
                 branches
                 :
                 Now
                 nature
                 being
                 so
                 intent
                 ,
                 and
                 vigorously
                 active
                 in
                 one
                 work
                 (
                 viz.
                 the
                 increase
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 in
                 those
                 branches
                 )
                 it
                 doth
                 not
                 put
                 forth
                 it self
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 other
                 effect
                 of
                 bearing
                 fruit
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 branches
                 .
                 But
                 now
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 lower
                 boughs
                 ,
                 and
                 side
                 branches
                 ,
                 there
                 nature
                 is
                 at
                 work
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 remiss
                 and
                 weaker
                 degree
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 increase
                 of
                 the
                 branches
                 ;
                 such
                 grow
                 but
                 little
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 sap
                 is
                 somewhat
                 obstructed
                 ,
                 and
                 curbed
                 by
                 bowing
                 the
                 branches
                 downwards
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 does
                 attend
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 work
                 also
                 ,
                 viz.
                 the
                 bearing
                 of
                 Fruits
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 this
                 is
                 made
                 more
                 evident
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 consider
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 in
                 all
                 young
                 Trees
                 :
                 We
                 know
                 young
                 
                   Apple-trees
                   ,
                   Pear-trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 when
                 and
                 while
                 they
                 grow
                 ,
                 and
                 increase
                 exceedingly
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 parts
                 ,
                 shooting
                 forth
                 great
                 ,
                 large
                 ,
                 strong
                 shoots
                 and
                 branches
                 ,
                 they
                 bear
                 but
                 little
                 fruit
                 ,
                 or
                 none
                 at
                 all
                 :
                 But
                 after
                 certain
                 years
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 grow
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 shoot
                 less
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 
                 fall
                 to
                 bearing
                 fruits
                 more
                 abundantly
                 .
              
               
                 
                   There
                   be
                   Trees
                   that
                   bear
                   best
                   when
                   they
                   begin
                   to
                   be
                   old
                   ,
                   as
                   Almonds
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   Pears
                   ,
                   Vines
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   Trees
                   that
                   give
                   Mast.
                   The
                   Cause
                   is
                   ,
                   for
                   that
                   all
                   Trees
                   that
                   bear
                   Mast
                   ,
                   have
                   an
                   oyly
                   fruit
                   ;
                   and
                   young
                   Trees
                   have
                   a
                   more
                   watry
                   juice
                   and
                   less
                   concocted
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   amongst
                   which
                   are
                   Apples
                   ,
                   Plums
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
                   bear
                   best
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   young
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Pear
                   trees
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Apple
                   trees
                   ,
                   Plum
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Cherry-trees
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 good
                 bearing
                 kinds
                 naturally
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 years
                 growth
                 (
                 and
                 some
                 sooner
                 )
                 do
                 all
                 bear
                 store
                 of
                 fruits
                 ,
                 until
                 they
                 be
                 extream
                 old
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 decaying
                 ,
                 dying
                 condition
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 in
                 planting
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 procure
                 those
                 kinds
                 that
                 are
                 known
                 by
                 experience
                 to
                 be
                 good
                 bearers
                 and
                 good
                 fruits
                 ;
                 and
                 such
                 will
                 bear
                 well
                 ,
                 both
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 young
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 old
                 ,
                 until
                 extream
                 age
                 .
              
               
                 Were
                 I
                 to
                 Plant
                 an
                 Orchard
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Garden
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 might
                 have
                 Trees
                 at
                 hand
                 freely
                 for
                 nothing
                 ,
                 of
                 
                   indifferent
                   common
                   kinds
                
                 ,
                 and
                 but
                 indifferent
                 bearers
                 ;
                 I
                 would
                 rather
                 chuse
                 to
                 fetch
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 choice
                 kinds
                 ,
                 and
                 special
                 bearers
                 ▪
                 one
                 hundred
                 or
                 two
                 hundred
                 Miles
                 ,
                 (
                 if
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 had
                 nearer
                 )
                 and
                 there
                 pay
                 dear
                 for
                 them
                 too
                 ,
                 besides
                 all
                 other
                 charges
                 ;
                 
                 then
                 take
                 those
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 for
                 when
                 men
                 plant
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 for
                 a
                 ●ew
                 years
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 several
                 Generations
                 :
                 therefore
                 take
                 special
                 care
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 best
                 kinds
                 for
                 bearing
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 relish
                 or
                 taste
                 :
                 that
                 is
                 the
                 foundation
                 of
                 the
                 work
                 ,
                 the
                 principal
                 thing
                 in
                 planting
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 ,
                 when
                 Fruit-trees
                 are
                 grown
                 to
                 extream
                 old
                 age
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 bear
                 but
                 little
                 ,
                 this
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 make
                 them
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 )
                 young
                 again
                 for
                 certain
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 bear
                 exceeding
                 much
                 fruit
                 yearly
                 :
                 That
                 is
                 ,
                 Cut
                 off
                 their
                 heads
                 ,
                 or
                 big
                 boughs
                 ,
                 not
                 strait
                 over
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 slope
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 rain
                 and
                 moisture
                 may
                 not
                 rest
                 upon
                 the
                 top
                 to
                 rot
                 it
                 :
                 These
                 great
                 boughs
                 will
                 (
                 the
                 next
                 Sommer
                 )
                 put
                 forth
                 many
                 young
                 shoots
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 inoculated
                 the
                 same
                 Sommer
                 ,
                 or
                 grafted
                 the
                 Spring
                 after
                 with
                 special
                 bearing
                 kinds
                 :
                 And
                 these
                 old
                 bodies
                 ,
                 having
                 young
                 heads
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 draw
                 sap
                 vigorously
                 )
                 will
                 be
                 much
                 refreshed
                 thereby
                 ;
                 and
                 such
                 Trees
                 will
                 bea●
                 store
                 of
                 fruits
                 many
                 years
                 after
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   The
                   Roots
                   of
                   Trees
                   do
                   (
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   )
                   put
                   downwards
                   ,
                   deep
                   into
                   the
                   ground
                   ;
                   as
                   the
                   Oak
                   〈◊〉
                   ,
                   Firre
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
                   some
                   spread
                   more
                   towards
                   the
                   surface
                   of
                   the
                   earth
                   ;
                   as
                   the
                   Ash
                   ,
                   Cyprels
                   tree
                   ,
                   Olive
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
                 
                   The
                   cause
                   of
                   this
                   later
                   may
                   be
                   ,
                   for
                   that
                   such
                   Trees
                   as
                   love
                   the
                   
                   Sun
                   ,
                   do
                   not
                   willingly
                   descend
                   farre
                   into
                   the
                   Earth
                   .
                
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 
                 The
                 
                   Roots
                   of
                   Oak-trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 kinds
                 ,
                 shoot
                 down
                 deeper
                 into
                 the
                 earth
                 then
                 Ash-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Trees
                 :
                 May
                 not
                 the
                 Reason
                 be
                 (
                 why
                 some
                 put
                 their
                 Roots
                 deeper
                 then
                 others
                 )
                 because
                 those
                 Trees
                 have
                 greater
                 and
                 larger
                 bodies
                 then
                 others
                 ;
                 and
                 Nature
                 lays
                 the
                 foundation
                 answerable
                 to
                 what
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 upon
                 it
                 :
                 Now
                 Oakes
                 being
                 the
                 greatest
                 Trees
                 ,
                 Nature
                 is
                 wise
                 enough
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 a
                 Law
                 God
                 hath
                 put
                 into
                 into
                 it
                 )
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Root
                 or
                 Foundation
                 answerable
                 ;
                 Otherwise
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 all
                 Trees
                 would
                 be
                 as
                 near
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 ground
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 as
                 loving
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 an
                 absolute
                 need
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 their
                 growth
                 :
                 And
                 I
                 am
                 perswaded
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 appetite
                 of
                 the
                 spirit
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 Trees
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 (
                 one
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 another
                 )
                 is
                 upwards
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 downwards
                 ;
                 and
                 never
                 exerts
                 it self
                 downwards
                 ,
                 but
                 upon
                 necessity
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 order
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 subordination
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 growth
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 above
                 ground
                 .
              
               
                 
                   It
                   hath
                   been
                   observed
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   that
                   a
                   branch
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   being
                   unbarked
                   some
                   space
                   at
                   the
                   bottom
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   set
                   into
                   the
                   ground
                   ,
                   even
                   of
                   such
                   Trees
                   as
                   if
                   the
                   bark
                   were
                   set
                   on
                   ,
                   they
                   would
                   not
                   
                   grow
                   ;
                   yet
                   contrariwise
                   ,
                   we
                   see
                   that
                   a
                   Tree
                   pared
                   round
                   in
                   the
                   body
                   above
                   ground
                   ,
                   will
                   die
                   :
                   The
                   cause
                   may
                   be
                   for
                   that
                   the
                   unbarke
                   part
                   draweth
                   the
                   nourishment
                   best
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   bark
                   continueth
                   it
                   only
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 some
                 branches
                 that
                 are
                 unbarkt
                 at
                 the
                 bottome
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 in
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 will
                 grow
                 ,
                 of
                 some
                 kinds
                 of
                 Apples
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Quodling
                   ,
                   Nursgarden
                   ,
                   Moyle
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 othe●
                 kinds
                 that
                 have
                 soft
                 barks
                 :
                 Not
                 because
                 (
                 not
                 the
                 sooner
                 )
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 branch
                 is
                 unbarkt
                 ,
                 for
                 such
                 will
                 grow
                 of
                 cuttings
                 of
                 slips
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 unbarkt
                 ;
                 And
                 those
                 that
                 be
                 unbarkt
                 and
                 grow
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 unbarkt
                 part
                 that
                 draweth
                 nourishment
                 best
                 ,
                 nor
                 that
                 draweth
                 it
                 at
                 all
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Roots
                 put
                 forth
                 from
                 the
                 bark
                 ,
                 even
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 adge
                 of
                 the
                 cut
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 some
                 break
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 bark
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 cut
                 ;
                 As
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 those
                 branches
                 of
                 Trees
                 from
                 which
                 we
                 get
                 Roots
                 while
                 they
                 grow
                 upon
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 by
                 disbarking
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 an
                 inch
                 round
                 ,
                 and
                 tying
                 mould
                 about
                 :
                 See
                 how
                 at
                 large
                 ,
                 
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                
                 ,
                 pag.
                 136.
                 
              
               
                 
                 
                   The
                   grafting
                   of
                   Vines
                   upon
                   Vines
                   (
                   as
                   I
                   take
                   it
                   )
                   is
                   not
                   now
                   in
                   use
                   ;
                   the
                   Antients
                   had
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   three
                   ways
                   ,
                   The
                   first
                   was
                   insition
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   ordinary
                   manner
                   of
                   grafting
                   .
                   The
                   second
                   was
                   Terebration
                   through
                   the
                   middle
                   
                   of
                   the
                   stock
                   ,
                   and
                   putting
                   in
                   the
                   Cions
                   there
                   .
                   And
                   the
                   third
                   was
                   ,
                   paring
                   of
                   two
                   Vines
                   that
                   grow
                   together
                   to
                   the
                   marrow
                   ,
                   and
                   binding
                   them
                   close
                   .
                
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 tryed
                 several
                 ways
                 to
                 graft
                 Vines
                 ,
                 
                 by
                 cleving
                 or
                 insition
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Author
                 calls
                 it
                 )
                 and
                 also
                 by
                 paring
                 two
                 Vines
                 ,
                 the
                 stock
                 and
                 graft
                 on
                 two
                 sides
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 my
                 usual
                 and
                 best
                 way
                 of
                 grafting
                 other
                 fruit-trees
                 ,
                 but
                 neither
                 took
                 effect
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 I
                 am
                 perswaded
                 those
                 Fruit-trees
                 that
                 are
                 so
                 easily
                 propagated
                 by
                 other
                 means
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 laying
                 down
                 the
                 branches
                 into
                 the
                 earth
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 cuttings
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 will
                 not
                 take
                 with
                 grafting
                 or
                 inoculating
                 ;
                 as
                 
                   Vines
                   ,
                   Mulberries
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 I
                 have
                 tried
                 many
                 exreriments
                 about
                 Mulberries
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 grafting
                 and
                 inoculating
                 upon
                 several
                 kinds
                 of
                 stocks
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 none
                 succeeded
                 :
                 but
                 Mulberries
                 are
                 increased
                 by
                 laying
                 down
                 the
                 branches
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 cuttings
                 ,
                 as
                 Vines
                 are
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 I
                 conceive
                 this
                 grafting
                 ,
                 mentioned
                 by
                 some
                 Ancient
                 Authors
                 ,
                 is
                 but
                 a
                 conceit
                 of
                 theirs
                 ,
                 (
                 a
                 grafting
                 in
                 the
                 brain
                 )
                 instead
                 of
                 a
                 real
                 Experiment
                 ,
                 
                 like
                 multitudes
                 of
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 recorded
                 by
                 some
                 who
                 (
                 its
                 probable
                 by
                 what
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 had
                 no
                 Experimental
                 knowledg
                 in
                 the
                 things
                 they
                 spake
                 .
              
               
                 
                   As
                   for
                   Maturation
                   of
                   fruits
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   it
                   is
                   effected
                   by
                   heat
                   ,
                   motion
                   ,
                   attraction
                   ;
                   and
                   by
                   a
                   rudiment
                   
                   of
                   putrefaction
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   inception
                   of
                   putrefaction
                   ,
                   hath
                   in
                   it
                   a
                   maturation
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 Concerning
                 the
                 maturation
                 or
                 speedy
                 ripening
                 or
                 concocting
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 all
                 kinds
                 of
                 heat
                 ●as
                 the
                 Author
                 sayes
                 )
                 hastneth
                 it
                 faster
                 or
                 slower
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 degree
                 of
                 heat
                 ;
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 by
                 experience
                 ,
                 Apples
                 or
                 Pears
                 laid
                 upon
                 a
                 heap
                 together
                 (
                 being
                 newly
                 gathered
                 )
                 they
                 mellow
                 ,
                 and
                 ripen
                 faster
                 then
                 if
                 they
                 lay
                 single
                 at
                 distance
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 .
                 Also
                 Apples
                 covered
                 in
                 
                   Lime
                   ,
                   Hay
                   ,
                   Straw
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 will
                 be
                 mellow
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 most
                 speedy
                 way
                 to
                 ripen
                 hard
                 fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 abate
                 the
                 grosse
                 tartness
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 common
                 Experiment
                 by
                 a
                 gentle
                 heat
                 before
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 an
                 Oven
                 after
                 bread
                 is
                 drawn
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 we
                 see
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Authour
                 observes
                 )
                 if
                 fruits
                 are
                 eat
                 with
                 
                   Wasps
                   ,
                   Hornets
                   ,
                   Birds
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 sweeten
                 and
                 ripen
                 sooner
                 ;
                 putrefaction
                 beginning
                 ,
                 and
                 hastning
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 solution
                 of
                 continuity
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   We
                   see
                   that
                   Beer
                   or
                   Wine
                   in
                   Bottles
                   ,
                   close
                   stopped
                   ,
                   lasts
                   long
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   fruits
                   closed
                   in
                   wax
                   ,
                   keep
                   fresh
                   :
                   And
                   likewise
                   bodies
                   put
                   in
                   Hony
                   and
                   Flower
                   ,
                   keep
                   more
                   fresh
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 Liquors
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 well
                 setled
                 in
                 the
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 (
                 after
                 a
                 certaine
                 time
                 )
                 and
                 after
                 drawn
                 out
                 into
                 bottles
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 stopped
                 very
                 close
                 with
                 Cork
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 in
                 a
                 Celler
                 ,
                 or
                 buried
                 in
                 sand
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 water
                 ,
                 such
                 will
                 be
                 much
                 more
                 fresh
                 and
                 quick
                 then
                 the
                 same
                 Liquor
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 be
                 drawn
                 off
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 this
                 is
                 a
                 good
                 way
                 to
                 keep
                 
                   Cider
                   ,
                   Perry
                   ,
                   White-wine
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Fruits
                 closed
                 in
                 wax
                 ,
                 or
                 put
                 in
                 hony
                 ,
                 I
                 find
                 that
                 even
                 Cherries
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 more
                 subject
                 to
                 corruption
                 ●hen
                 many
                 other
                 kinds
                 of
                 fruits
                 )
                 will
                 keep
                 fresh
                 many
                 weeks
                 together
                 thus
                 ,
                 more
                 then
                 they
                 will
                 do
                 of
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 〈◊〉
                 ▪
                 exclusion
                 of
                 Aire
                 preserves
                 them
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 but
                 yet
                 putrefaction
                 at
                 length
                 will
                 work
                 within
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 superfluous
                 moisture
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 need
                 of
                 drying
                 up
                 ▪
                 I
                 have
                 tried
                 fruits
                 in
                 honey
                 (
                 
                   Aprecots
                   ,
                   Plums
                   ,
                   Cherries
                
                 )
                 and
                 they
                 held
                 good
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 Months
                 ;
                 afterwards
                 putrefaction
                 began
                 .
              
               
                 
                   A
                   Bottle
                   of
                   Beer
                   buried
                   four
                   foot
                   deep
                   in
                   the
                   ground
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   became
                   more
                   lively
                   ,
                   better
                   tasted
                   ,
                   and
                   clearer
                   ,
                   then
                   it
                   was
                   ;
                   and
                   a
                   Bottle
                   of
                   Wine
                   in
                   like
                   manner
                   :
                   A
                   bottle
                   of
                   Vineger
                   so
                   buried
                   ,
                   came
                   forth
                   more
                   lively
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   odoriferous
                   ,
                   smelling
                   alm●●●
                   like
                   a
                   Violet
                   after
                   a
                   Months
                   burial
                   ,
                   all
                   three
                   they
                   came
                   forth
                   ,
                   as
                   fresh
                   and
                   lively
                   ,
                   if
                   not
                   better
                   then
                   before
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 
                 This
                 is
                 certain
                 ,
                 That
                 
                   Beer
                   ,
                   Ale
                   ,
                   C●der
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Wine
                 ,
                 when
                 well
                 setled
                 ,
                 and
                 cleared
                 in
                 the
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 and
                 drawn
                 off
                 into
                 Bottles
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 stopt
                 with
                 Cork
                 and
                 Wax
                 ;
                 will
                 continue
                 fresh
                 and
                 good
                 ,
                 much
                 longer
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 also
                 improve
                 in
                 goodness
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 bottles
                 are
                 buried
                 in
                 sand
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 was
                 said
                 before
                 )
                 or
                 buried
                 a
                 yard
                 or
                 more
                 in
                 the
                 ground
                 :
                 The
                 reason
                 I
                 conceive
                 is
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 as
                 no
                 Aire
                 can
                 possible
                 penetrate
                 so
                 deep
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 the
                 bottle
                 to
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 nor
                 can
                 the
                 spirits
                 of
                 the
                 liquor
                 (
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 )
                 get
                 out
                 :
                 so
                 neither
                 can
                 the
                 Liquor
                 suffer
                 any
                 prejudice
                 by
                 alteration
                 of
                 the
                 Aire
                 from
                 heat
                 to
                 cold
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 does
                 in
                 Vessels
                 above
                 ground
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   Tryal
                   hath
                   been
                   made
                   with
                   earthen
                   Bottles
                   well
                   stopped
                   ,
                   hang'd
                   in
                   a
                   Well
                   of
                   twenty
                   Fathom
                   deep
                   at
                   the
                   least
                   ;
                   and
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   bottles
                   have
                   been
                   let
                   down
                   into
                   the
                   water
                   ,
                   some
                   others
                   have
                   hanged
                   above
                   ,
                   within
                   a
                   Fathome
                   of
                   the
                   water
                   :
                   Wine
                   and
                   Beer
                   in
                   these
                   Bottles
                   ,
                   have
                   kept
                   better
                   then
                   in
                   a
                   Celler
                   ,
                   but
                   those
                   above
                   water
                   were
                   apparently
                   the
                   best
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 The
                 Cause
                 why
                 
                   Beer
                   ,
                   Wine
                   ,
                   Cider
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 will
                 keep
                 better
                 thus
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 
                   Earth
                   ,
                   Sand
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 (
                 as
                 before
                 )
                 then
                 in
                 Vessels
                 or
                 Bottles
                 above
                 ground
                 ,
                 I
                 apprehend
                 (
                 as
                 was
                 said
                 )
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Aire
                 is
                 excluded
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 spirits
                 shut
                 in
                 :
                 also
                 the
                 Aire
                 above
                 ground
                 
                 is
                 subject
                 to
                 variation
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 more
                 hot
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 more
                 cold
                 :
                 which
                 somewhat
                 stirs
                 ,
                 and
                 affects
                 the
                 spirits
                 of
                 the
                 Liquor
                 in
                 the
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 become
                 weaker
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 heard
                 it
                 Reported
                 for
                 a
                 Truth
                 ,
                 That
                 Bottles
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 (
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 Liquor
                 )
                 were
                 found
                 in
                 a
                 deep
                 
                   Draw
                   well
                
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 been
                 many
                 years
                 fill'd
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 opened
                 ,
                 and
                 cleansed
                 again
                 for
                 use
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Liquor
                 was
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 fresh
                 and
                 good
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 it
                 had
                 lyen
                 there
                 many
                 years
                 ;
                 whereby
                 it
                 is
                 manifest
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 way
                 of
                 keeping
                 Liquors
                 ,
                 will
                 preserve
                 it
                 good
                 along
                 time
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 IX
                 .
                 CENTVRY
                 .
              
               
                 
                   WE
                   have
                   partly
                   touched
                   before
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   the
                   means
                   of
                   producing
                   fruits
                   without
                   cores
                   or
                   stones
                   :
                   And
                   this
                   we
                   add
                   further
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   cause
                   must
                   be
                   abundance
                   of
                   moisture
                   ,
                   for
                   that
                   the
                   core
                   and
                   stone
                   are
                   made
                   of
                   a
                   dry
                   sap
                   ;
                   and
                   we
                   see
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   possible
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   Tree
                   put
                   forth
                   only
                   in
                   blossome
                   without
                   fruit
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   Cherries
                   with
                   double
                   flowers
                   ,
                   much
                   more
                   in
                   fruit
                   without
                   stone
                   or
                   cores
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 hath
                 been
                 spoken
                 too
                 sufficiently
                 before
                 ,
                 
                 See
                 Experiment
                 514.
                 
                 It
                 is
                 neither
                 the
                 taking
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 pith
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 there
                 prescribed
                 ;
                 nor
                 the
                 
                   abundance
                   of
                   moisture
                
                 ,
                 as
                 
                 here
                 ,
                 that
                 will
                 work
                 this
                 effect
                 :
                 some
                 Tree●
                 have
                 
                   too
                   much
                   moisture
                
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 the
                 fruit●
                 of
                 such
                 have
                 
                   nevertheless
                   cores
                
                 or
                 stones
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Cherry-tree
                 that
                 puts
                 forth
                 double
                 
                   blossomes
                   without
                   Fruits
                
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 made
                 to
                 do
                 so
                 by
                 any
                 mans
                 Art
                 or
                 Skill
                 :
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 natural
                 :
                 I
                 know
                 the
                 kind
                 well
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 as
                 natural
                 for
                 it
                 to
                 bear
                 
                   double
                   blossomes
                   ,
                   without
                   fruit
                
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 any
                 other
                 tree
                 to
                 bear
                 such
                 or
                 such
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 fruit
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   Trees
                   set
                   upon
                   the
                   backs
                   of
                   Chimneys
                   ,
                   do
                   ripen
                   Fruits
                   sooner
                   :
                   Vines
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   drawn
                   in
                   at
                   the
                   Window
                   of
                   a
                   Kitchen
                   ,
                   have
                   sent
                   forth
                   Grapes
                   ripe
                   a
                   month
                   before
                   others
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 This
                 is
                 certain
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Author
                 says
                 )
                 such
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 heat
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   back
                   of
                   Chimneys
                
                 ,
                 where
                 fire
                 is
                 continually
                 ,
                 or
                 most
                 commonly
                 kept
                 ,
                 will
                 much
                 hasten
                 the
                 
                   ripning
                   of
                   fruits
                
                 .
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 a
                 
                   thin
                   Brick
                   wall
                
                 where
                 fire
                 hath
                 been
                 kept
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 fruit-trees
                 have
                 been
                 Planted
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 brought
                 forth
                 ripe
                 fruits
                 very
                 early
                 ,
                 much
                 sooner
                 then
                 the
                 same
                 kinds
                 without
                 such
                 artificial
                 heat
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 
                   Branches
                   of
                   Vines
                
                 being
                 drawn
                 in
                 at
                 the
                 
                   window
                   of
                   a
                   Kitchen
                
                 ,
                 or
                 room
                 where
                 fire
                 is
                 kept
                 :
                 the
                 fruits
                 will
                 be
                 ripe
                 sooner
                 then
                 those
                 without
                 dores
                 :
                 but
                 let
                 it
                 not
                 be
                 too
                 near
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 left
                 in
                 wither
                 ,
                 or
                 over
                 much
                 
                   dry
                   the
                   branch
                
                 .
              
               
                 FINIS
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A26235-e1380
           
             
               Quid
               sit
               Agricultura
               .
               vid.
            
             p.
             11.
             
          
           
             ●
             .
             Ba.
             Advanc
             .
             Lea●
             .
          
           
             
               Virg.
               Geor.
            
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A26235-e13810
           
             Ob.
             
          
           
             Ans.
             
          
           
             1.
             
             Ob.
             
          
           
             Ans.
             
          
           
             2
             :
             Ob.
             
          
           
             Ans.
             
          
           
             See
             the
             second
             Book
             of
             his
             Confessions
             .
             Chap.
             4.
             
          
           
             3.
             
             Ob.
             
          
           
             Ans.
             
          
           
             The
             praises
             
               of
               the
            
             Ancients
             and
             some
             late
             writers
             
               concerning
               the
            
             Husbandman
             
               scours
               of
               life
               in
               Planting
            
             Fruittrees
             .
          
           
             August
             .
          
           
             Reges
             &
             Imperatores
             sum
             mos
             que
             magistratus
             non
             puduit
             Hortensia
             colere
             :
             propr●is
             manibus
             .
          
           
             Augustine
             .
          
           
             
               See
               the
               worthie
               Acts
               of
            
             Cyrus
             
               king
               of
               Persia.
               Ezra
            
             1.1
             ,
             2
             ,
             3.
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               this
               See
               ,
               Sir
               Rich
               Barkley
               of
               the
               felicity
               of
               man
               pag
            
             162.
             
          
           
             1
             Argument
             .
          
           
             
               De
               Gen.
               ad
               Lit
               :
               Li.
            
             8
             ,
          
           
             2
             Argument
             .
          
           
             3
             Argument
             .
          
           
             Example
             .
          
           
             
               Diodat
               .
               exp
               Sir
               W.
               Rawley
               Hist.
               part
               .
            
             1.
             
             Ch.
             3.
             
          
           
             
               Au
               de
               Civit
               Dei
               lib.
            
             13.
             c.
             24.
             
          
           
             
               Sir
               W
               Rawly
            
             1.
             
             Book
             ,
             1.
             
               part
               ,
               Chap.
            
             9.
             
          
           
             2
             Example
             .
          
           
             3
             Example
             .
          
           
             4
             Example
             .
          
           
             5
             Example
             .
          
           
             6
             Example
             .
          
           
             7
             Example
             .
          
           
             8
             Example
             .
          
           
             4
             Argument
             .
          
           
             Hos.
             12.10
             .
             
               I
               have
               used
               Similitudes
               by
               the
               Ministry
               of
               the
               Prophets
               .
            
          
           
             1
             Similitude
          
           
             2
             Similitude
          
           
             3
             Similitude
          
           
             4
             Similitude
          
           
             5
             Similitude
          
           
             6
             Similitude
          
           
             5
             Aagumen●
             .
          
           
             6
             
               Argument
               ▪
            
          
           
             7
             Argument
             .
          
           
             8
             Argum
             :
          
           
             1.
             
             
               Humane
               Argument
            
             .
          
           
             Pog.
             Floren
             
          
           
             2.
             
             
               Humane
               Argument
            
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             
               Humane
               Argument
            
             .
          
           
             1
             
               In
               house
               Keeping
            
             .
          
           
             2
             
               For
               Sale.
            
             
          
           
             2
             
               Profitable
               to
               the
               body
            
             .
          
           
             1
             
               In
               respect
               of
               Health
            
             .
          
           
             
               Hist.
               Life
               and
               Death
               .
               p.
            
             412.
             
             &
             169.
             
          
           
             
               Hist.
               Life
               and
               Death
               p.
            
             207.
             
             &
             208.
             
          
           
             Hist.
             Life
             ,
             and
             Death
             ,
             p
             ,
             236.
             
          
           
             2
             
               In
               respect
               of
               long
               life
            
             .
          
           
             Deu.
             32.47
             Prov.
             10.27
             Prov.
             9.11
             .
             Ps.
             91.16
             .
          
           
             Hist
             L
             
               D
               ,
               pag.
            
             179
             ,
             &
             180.
             
          
           
             
               Hist.
               L.
               D.
               pag.
            
             183.
             
             &
             414.
             
          
           
             
               Hist.
               L.
               D.
               pag.
            
             235.
             
          
           
             1
             
               Affection
               Hope
            
             .
          
           
             Hist.
             L.
             D.
             pag.
             224.
             
          
           
             2
             
               Affection
               ,
               Ioy.
            
             
          
           
             
               Hist.
               L.
               D.
               pag.
            
             221.
             
          
           
             
               Hist.
               L.
               D.
               p.
            
             228.
             p.
             232.
             p.
             164.
             
          
           
             3
             
               Affection
               ,
               Admiration
               .
               Hist.
               L.
               D.
               pag.
            
             225.
             
          
           
             
               Lib.
               de
               Cult
               .
               &
               Insitione
               .
               Ch.
            
             17.
             
          
           
             
               L.
               B.
               Hist.
               L.
               D.
               pag.
            
             85.
             
          
           
             3
             
               Profitable
               to
               the
               mind
            
             .
          
           
             1
             
               In
               knowledge
            
             .
          
           
             2
             
               In
               Meditation
            
             .
          
           
             4
             
               Profitable
               to
               the
               name
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Lawson
             :
             
               a
               Planter
               of
               forty
               or
               fifty
               years
               experience
               ;
               in
               his
               Book
               ,
               pag.
            
             47.
             
          
           
             L.
             B.
             
               Nat.
               Hist.
               pag.
            
             258.
             
          
           
             5
             
               Profitable
               to
               others
            
             .
          
           
             4
             
               Humane
               Argument
            
             .
          
           
             1
             
               Pleasure
               of
               the
               sense
               of
               hearing
               .
            
          
           
             2
             
               Pleasure
               of
               the
               sense
               of
               Touch.
               
            
          
           
             
               Hist.
               L.
               D.
               pag.
            
             241.
             
          
           
             L.
             
               B.
               Hist.
               L.
               D.
               p.
               Ca.
            
             11.
             
             Pag.
             425.
             
          
           
             3
             
               Pleasure
               of
               the
               sight
               .
               Nat.
               Hist.
               p.
            
             225.
             
          
           
             
               See
               L.
               B.
               Nat.
               Hist.
               pag.
            
             199.
             
          
           
             
               Nat.
               Hist.
               p.
            
             224.
             
          
           
             Ovid.
          
           
             4
             
               Pleasure
               of
               the
               smell
            
             .
          
           
             
               Hist.
               L.
               D.
               p
            
             207.
             p.
             208.
             
          
           
             
               Nat.
               Hist.
               Cent.
            
             9.
             p.
             210.
             
          
           
             
               Nat.
               hist.
               Cent.
            
             6.
             p.
             136.
             
          
           
             
               Nat.
               hist.
               Cent.
            
             4.
             p.
             102.
             
          
           
             
               Nat.
               hist.
               Cent.
            
             9.
             p.
             210.
             
             
               Hist.
               L.
               D.
               pag.
            
             295.
             
          
           
             5
             
               Pleasure
               of
               the
               Taste
            
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             6.
             cap.
             569.
             
          
           
             
               Hist.
               L.
               D.
               pag.
            
             298.
             
          
           
             Profits
             .
          
           
             Pleasures
             .
          
           
             
               A
               Caution
               in
               the
               use
               of
               Earthly
               things
               .
            
          
           
             *
             
               The
               difference
               between
               using
               and
               enjoying
               a
               thing
               .
            
          
           
             
               De
               Doctrinâ
               Christi
               .
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             
               De
               Doct.
               Christ.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Nursery
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               But
               as
               for
            
             Aprecott
             -
             
               stones
               it
               is
               best
               to
               keep
               them
               (
               in
               sand
               )
               till
               October
               ,
               before
               we
               set
               them
               ;
               because
               if
               they
               be
               set
               early
               ,
               when
               the
               fruit
               is
               ripe
               ,
               they
               commonly
               spring
               up
               before
               Winter
               ,
               and
               then
               being
               very
               tender
               ,
               the
               frost
               kills
               them
               :
               some
            
             Peach-stones
             ,
             
               and
               other
            
             Plum-stones
             ,
             
               will
               lie
               in
               the
               ground
               ,
               until
               the
               spring
               come
               Twelvemonth
               ,
               and
               then
               come
               up
               :
               therefore
               conclude
               not
               they
               will
               never
               spring
               up
               ,
               though
               not
               the
               first
               year
               .
            
          
           
             
               Preserve
               seeds
               from
               Mice
            
             .
          
           
             
               Remove
               all
               Seed-plants
            
          
           
             
               Remove
               seed
               Plants
               after
               the
               Sommer
               .
            
          
           
             
               Besides
               ,
               the
               top
               of
               the
               earth
               is
               the
               best
               soyle
               ,
               as
               having
               the
               Sun
               and
               Raine
               all
               the
               year
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               time
               of
               Grafting
            
             .
          
           
             
               How
               to
               keep
               Graf●s
            
             .
          
           
             
               Instruments
               for
               grafting
            
          
           
             
               What
               flags
               are
               best
            
             .
          
           
             
               Manner
               of
               the
               Work.
            
             
          
           
             
               The
               first
               way
               of
               grafting
               ,
               called
               ,
               slicsing
               or
               backing
               on
               .
            
          
           
             *
             
               Which
               is
               a
               circle
               round
               about
               the
               graft
               distinguishing
               the
               last
               sommers
               growth
               from
               the
               former
               .
            
          
           
             *
             
               
                 If
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 upon
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 or
                 South-west
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 stock
                 ;
                 because
                 if
                 so
                 ,
                 these
                 winds
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 most
                 dangerous
                 cannot
                 so
                 soon
                 break
                 off
                 the
                 grafts
                 ,
                 as
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 I
                 have
                 lost
                 many
                 before
                 I
                 observed
                 this
                 course
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Second
               way
               of
               grafting
               ,
               call'd
               whip-Grafting
               .
            
          
           
             
               Third
               way
               of
               Grafting
            
          
           
             
               A
               special
               Rule
            
             .
          
           
             
               Choice
               of
               Grafts
            
             .
          
           
             
               Cut
               off
               the
               tops
               of
               Grafts
               .
            
          
           
             
               Ioyn
               right
               kinds
               together
               in
               Grafting
               .
            
          
           
             
               Observe
               the
               best
               bearing
               trees
            
             .
          
           
             
               Vnbinde
               Grafts
            
             .
          
           
             
               Prune
               some
               young
               grafts
            
          
           
             
               Inoculating
               Buds
            
             .
          
           
             
               Observe
               the
               kinds
            
             .
          
           
             
               Vnbind
               buds
               in
               due
               time
            
             .
          
           
             
               Cut
               off
               stocks
               above
               the
               Buds
               .
            
          
           
             
               How
               to
               carry
               Buds
            
             .
          
           
             (a)
             
               Buds
               of
               App●●
               trees
               ,
               Pear
               ,
               Cherry
               ,
               or
               Plum
               ▪
               may
               be
               Inoculated
               as
               Aprecots
               ,
               and
               Peaches
               ,
               if
               the
               shoots
               be
               strong
               and
               large
               .
            
          
           
             
               Mark
               the
               Stocks
            
             .
          
           
             
               Directions
               in
               the
               cho●ce
               of
               Grafts
               and
               Stocks
               .
            
          
           
             1
             
               Of
               Apples
               Chuse
               the
               best
               bearing
               kinds
               .
            
          
           
             *
             
               The
               Golden
               Pippin
               ,
               a
               very
               special
               Apple
               ,
               and
               great
               ba●er
               ,
               great
               Russeting
               ,
               Kerton
               Pippin
               ,
               Holland
               Pippin
               ,
               as
               some
               call
               it
               .
            
          
           
             2
             
               Of
               Pears
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Winter
               Boncriten
               is
               an
               excellent
               fruit
               ,
               so
               the
               sommer
               ,
               but
               bears
               not
               so
               well
               as
               the
               winter
               kind
               .
            
          
           
             3
             
               Of
               Cherries
            
          
           
             4
             
               Of
               Plums
            
             .
          
           
             5
             
               Of
               Aprecocks
            
             .
          
           
             6
             
               Of
               Peaches
            
          
           
             7
             
               Of
               Figs.
            
             
          
           
             8
             
               Of
               Grapes
            
             .
          
           
             
               See
               more
               at
               large
               in
               the
               Table
               .
            
          
           
             
               Or
               Canada
               Grape
            
             .
          
           
             9
             Quinces
             :
          
           
             10
             
               Of
               Mulberries
            
             .
          
           
             11
             
               Of
               Medlers
            
             .
          
           
             12
             
               Of
               Walnuts
            
             .
          
           
             
               Graft
               old
               trees
               ,
               if
               bad
               bearers
               .
            
          
           
             
               Make
               Arbours
               of
               fruit
               trees
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Transplanting
               Trees
            
             .
          
           
             
               Early
               removing
               best
            
             .
          
           
             
               Trees
               may
               be
               transplanted
               all
               the
               Winter
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               largest
               Plants
               not
               best
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               what
               bigness
               to
               remove
               young
               Trees
               .
            
          
           
             
               Prune
               the
               Branches
               and
               Roots
            
             .
          
           
             
               Set
               not
               Plants
               too
               deep
            
             .
          
           
             
               Lay
               rotten
               dung
               ,
               horse-litter
               ,
               or
               the
               like
               ,
               about
               Trees
               newly
               set
               .
            
          
           
             
               How
               to
               prepare
               trees
               for
               carriage
            
          
           
             
               Distance
               of
               setting
            
             .
          
           
             The
             1
             Advantage
             .
          
           
             The
             2
             Advantage
             .
          
           
             The
             3
             Advantage
             .
          
           
             The
             4
             Advantage
             .
             ‑
          
           
             
               Distance
               of
               Wal-trees
            
             .
          
           
             
               Cherry-hedges
               ,
               and
               of
               Quodlings
               ,
               Vines
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
               Distance
               of
               Trees
               in
               a
               Cherryhedg
            
          
           
             
               How
               to
               set
               and
               order
               a
               Cherryhedg
               or
               of
               Quodlings
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
               Or
               its
               (
               in
               some
               respects
               )
               best
               to
               let
               the
               staking
               ,
               and
               Poling
               of
               it
               alone
               until
               the
               spring
               .
               The
               stakes
               and
               Rods
               (
               if
               done
               then
               )
               will
               be
               fresh
               all
               Sommer
               .
            
          
           
             
               Nearness
               best
               in
               some
               respects
            
             .
          
           
             
               Order
               in
               setting
               trees
            
          
           
             
               A
               special
               Rule
               in
               transplanting
            
             .
          
           
             Wall-trees
             .
          
           
             
               Prune
               Wall-trees
            
             .
          
           
             1
             
               In
               Sommer
            
             .
          
           
             2
             
               In
               Winter
            
             .
          
           
             
               Errour
               in
               Pruning
            
             .
          
           
             
               Observation
               in
               Pruning
            
             .
          
           
             
               Pruning
               old
               standard-trees
            
             .
          
           
             
               Ordering
               the
               Roots
               of
               old
               Trees
               .
            
          
           
             
               Abate
               the
               over-fatness
               of
               soyle
            
             .
          
           
             
               Pasturing
               Orchards
               ,
               better
               then
               Mowing
               .
            
          
           
             De
             cultu
             &
             insit
             .
             l
             c.
             35.
             
          
           
             1
             Mossiness
             .
          
           
             2
             Bark-bound
          
           
             3
             Canker
             .
          
           
             4
             Worms
             .
          
           
             2
             
               Mischiefs
               incident
               to
               fruits
            
             .
          
           
             1
             Caterpillers
          
           
             L.
             Bac.
             nat
             .
             hist.
             p.
             148.
             
          
           
             2
             Ants.
             
          
           
             3
             Earwigs
             .
          
           
             4
             Snailes
             .
          
           
             5
             Wasps
             .
          
           
             6
             Birds
             .
          
           
             7
             Winds
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A26235-e43910
           
             
               Of
               Apples
            
             .
          
           
             
               Apples
               best
               for
               Cider
            
             .
          
           
             
               Increase
               the
               best
               kinds
               for
               Cider
               .
            
          
           
             
               Some
               Cider
               sooner
               ready
               then
               other
               kinds
               ,
            
          
           
             
               How
               to
               make
               Cider
               and
               Perry
               .
            
          
           
             
               Or
               else
               lay
               ●ravel
               upon
               and
               round
               about
               the
               Tunhole
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               botling
               of
               Cider
            
             .
          
           
             
               How
               to
               keep
               bottels
               of
               Cider
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               healthfulness
               of
               Cider
            
             .
          
           
             Julius
             Palmarius
             lib.
             de
             morbis
             .
             pag.
             248.
             
          
           
             
               How
               to
               keep
               Apples
            
             .
          
           
             Hist.
             stirp
             .
             l.
             3.
             p.
             777.
             
          
           
             Dodon
             .
             hist.
             l.
             3.
             pag.
             ibid.
             
          
           
             Dealiment
             .
             facul
             l.
             2.
             p.
             20
             ▪
             
          
           
             D.
             Alim
             facult
             .
             l.
             2.
             
             L.
             2.
             c.
             569.
             
          
           
             In
             Com.
             pr.
             l.
             Dioscor
             .
          
           
             Ger.
             Herh
             .
             pag.
             1270.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Pears
            
             .
          
           
             (a)
             Lib.
             2.
             de
             aliment
             .
             ●a
             p.
             20.
             
          
           
             (b)
             Lib.
             2.
             ch
             .
             548.
             
          
           
             (c)
             Hist.
             stirp
             .
             3.
             
          
           
             *
             Lib.
             2.
             
             Ch.
             548.
             
          
           
             Ma.
             Rust.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Quinces
            
             .
          
           
             Com.
             in
             lib.
             Dioscor
             p.
             201.
             
          
           
             Hist.
             plant
             .
             lib
             3.
             pag.
             290.
             
          
           
             De●liment
             .
             sacul
             .
             lib.
             2.
             pag.
             20.
             
          
           
             Hist.
             stirp
             .
             lib.
             3.
             pag.
             784.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Cherries
            
             De
             Nat.
             stirp
             .
             c.
             64.
             lib.
             1.
             
          
           
             *
             I
             have
             heard
             it
             from
             a
             Gentleman
             of
             very
             good
             credit
             ,
             that
             he
             drank
             
               Cherry
               Wine
            
             of
             above
             a
             Twelve-month
             old
             ,
             which
             was
             very
             good
             Wine
             ;
             whereas
             it
             was
             thought
             it
             would
             not
             have
             lasted
             half
             so
             long
             :
             The
             Morello
             Cherry
             ,
             and
             other
             deep
             coloured
             pleasant
             Cherries
             ,
             will
             make
             a
             special
             good
             Wine
             ;
             the
             Liquor
             of
             it self
             ,
             or
             mixed
             with
             Cider
             .
          
           
             Com.
             in
             l.
             1.
             
             Dioscor
             p.
             198.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Plums
            
             .
             Com
             in
             l.
             1.
             
             Dios.
             p.
             216
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Aprecocks
            
             .
             De
             Facult
             .
             Alimen
             .
             l.
             2.
             p.
             20.
             
          
           
             Can.
             l.
             2.
             c.
             146.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Peaches
            
             .
             L.
             p.
             80
             .
             &c.
             
          
           
             L.
             2.
             571.
             
             Nat.
             Hist.
             p.
             15.
             
          
           
             L.
             15.
             
             ●
             .
             12.
             &
             l.
             23.
             c.
             7.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Mulberries
            
             .
          
           
             De
             veget
             ,
             &
             Plant.
             
          
           
             De
             nat
             .
             stirp
             .
             c.
             102.
             p.
             265.
             
          
           
             Cant.
             l.
             2.
             c.
             498.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Figs.
            
             Nat.
             Hist.
             l.
             3.
             p.
             800.
             
             Com
             in
             l.
             pr.
             Dios.
             p.
             230.
             
          
           
             Li.
             23.
             c
             7.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Medlers
            
             .
             Hist.
             stirp
             .
             l.
             3.
             p.
             789.
             
          
           
             De
             l.
             facul
             .
             l.
             2.
             p.
             21.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Walnuts
            
             .
          
           
             Can.
             l.
             2.
             c.
             501.
             
          
           
             Can.
             l.
             2.
             c.
             501.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             nat
             .
             hist.
             l.
             23.
             c.
             18.
             
          
           
             August
             de
             civ
             .
             Dei.
             l.
             19.
             
          
           
             Adv.
             of
             Learn
             l.
             1.
             p.
             45.
             
          
           
             Adv.
             Learn
             .
             l.
             1.
             p.
             145.
             
          
           
             Nat.
             Hist.
             p.
             165.
             
          
           
             Advan
             .
             Lear.
             l.
             1.
             p.
             32.
             
          
           
             Columel
             .
             lib.
             de
             Arbotibus
             .
             cap.
             29.
             
          
           
             L.
             1.
             de
             Ar.
             p.
             490
             
          
           
             *
             There
             is
             a
             Book
             ,
             call'd
             
               The
               Country
               mans
               Recreation
            
             ,
             or
             ,
             
               the
               Art
               of
               Planting
            
             ;
             which
             is
             full
             of
             these
             samoies
             .
             Printed
             in
             the
             year
             1640.
             
          
           
             Cent.
             5.
             p.
             119
             ,
             120.
             
          
           
             Cent.
             5.
             p.
             119
             ,
             120.
             
          
           
             2
             Lib.
             cept
             ▪
             veget
             .
             c.
             1.
             
          
           
             3
             De
             Natura
             &
             viribus
             Ar.
             Fol.
             7.
             
          
           
             *
             Amongst
             many
             other
             Authours
             who
             speak
             of
             these
             things
             ;
             See
             the
             
               Country
               Farme
            
             ,
             pag.
             360
             ,
             361
             ,
             392
             ,
             363
             ,
             364
             ,
             &c.
             where
             there
             are
             very
             many
             odd
             conceits
             ;
             about
             changing
             the
             nature
             of
             fruits
             in
             
               shape
               colour
               ,
               taste
            
             ,
             &c.
             
             To
             mix
             
               Nuts
               ,
               Plums
            
             ,
             and
             
               Almonds
               ,
               Peaches
            
             and
             Q●inces
             :
             And
             to
             have
             
               fruits
               without
               stones
            
             See
             pag
             365.
             of
             the
             Country-Farme
             .
          
           
             Nat.
             Hist.
             fol.
             6.
             
          
           
             (c)
             See
             also
             the
             
               Country
               farm
            
             ,
             p.
             365
             that
             we
             may
             have
             Red
             fruits
             ,
             we
             must
             set
             
               red
               Rose
               trees
            
             under
             
               other
               Trees
            
             ,
             or
             near
             them
             .
          
           
             Gen.
             30.20
             .
          
           
             So
             the
             Countrey-farm
             ,
             p.
             362
             
          
           
             See
             
               Country
               farm
            
             ,
             p.
             363
             
          
           
             Pag.
             100.
             
          
           
             (a)
             The
             Authors
             of
             the
             
               Country
               farm
            
             ,
             affirm
             that
             write
             what
             you
             will
             on
             the
             eylet
             of
             the
             Fig-tree
             which
             you
             mean
             to
             Graft
             ,
             and
             the
             Figs
             growing
             thereof
             ,
             wil
             contain
             the
             said
             writing
             p.
             363.
             of
             the
             third
             Book
             .
          
           
             *
             
               L.
               Bacon
               Nat.
               Hist.
               p.
            
             128.
             
          
           
             1
             Lib.
             5.
             c.
             8.
             de
             veget
             ,
             &
             Plant.
             
          
           
             De
             Nat.
             Plant.
             Li.
             2.
             pag.
             87.
             
          
           
             Li.
             de
             Cult
             .
             &
             Insit
             .
             Nat.
             Hist.
             p.
             97.
             
          
           
             Nat.
             Hist.
             p.
             109.
             and
             p.
             115.
             
          
           
             2
             Of
             this
             ,
             see
             also
             
               Mason
               Rustique
            
             ,
             or
             the
             
               Country
               Farme
            
             ,
             where
             the
             same
             is
             asserted
             ,
             pag.
             362.
             
          
           
             Nat.
             hist.
             p.
             111.
             
             &
             94.
             
          
           
             Woodmen
             and
             others
             are
             generally
             of
             this
             opinion
             ,
             as
             having
             received
             it
             from
             their
             fore
             fathers
             for
             an
             unquestionable
             thing
             .
          
           
             (b)
             Sap
             has
             recourse
             to
             this
             part
             especially
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             wounded
             :
             as
             blood
             and
             humours
             in
             the
             body
             ,
             flie
             to
             the
             part
             that
             is
             cut
             or
             hurt
             ,
             to
             succour
             it
             ,
             and
             so
             do
             abound
             there
             .
             This
             is
             so
             by
             the
             Law
             of
             Nature
             ,
             as
             well
             in
             Trees
             ,
             as
             other
             Creatures
             .
          
           
             *
             Upon
             
               Midsommer
               day
            
             I
             have
             taken
             off
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             looked
             upon
             the
             
               place
               disbarked
            
             ,
             and
             Roots
             were
             come
             out
             well
             nigh
             an
             inch
             long
             .
          
           
             Deut.
             33.14
             .
             
               Pretious
               fruits
               brought
               forth
               by
               the
               Sun.
               
            
          
           
             *
             See
             Mr.
             
               Grbr.
               Plats
               hidden
               treasure
            
             ,
             p.
             78.
             wher●
             he
             asserts
             ,
             That
             all
             
               Trees
               ,
               Plants
            
             ,
             and
             
               Fruits
               ,
               are
               made
               of
               Vapors
               condensed
               .
            
          
           
             4
             
               Argument
               against
               descention
               &
               Ci●culation
               of
               Sap.
               
            
          
           
             Nat.
             Hist.
             p.
             26.1
             6.
             
             &
             Hist.
             of
             L.
             &
             d.
             p.
             387.
             
          
           
             Nat.
             Hist.
             &
             Hist.
             of
             L.
             and
             D.
             
          
           
             1
             
               Planting
               Trees
               too
               near
               together
            
             .
          
           
             2
             
               Planting
               Trees
               unfit
               for
               the
               Country
               .
            
          
           
             3
             
               Chusing
               the
               greatest
               Trees
            
             .
          
           
             4
             
               Setting
               trees
               without
               disbran●ing
            
             .
          
           
             5
             
               Planting
               Trees
               in
               worse
               mould
            
             .
          
           
             6
             
               Setting
               Grafts
               and
               stock
               smoth
               on
               the
               out-side
               .
            
          
           
             7
             
               Grafting
               long
               ,
               or
               forked
               Grafts
               .
            
          
           
             8
             
               Suffering
               Fruit-trees
               to
               grow
               like
               Timber
               trees
               .
            
          
           
             9
             
               Giving
               too
               much
               nourishment
               to
               fruit-trees
               .
            
          
           
             10
             
               Pruning
               off
               too
               many
               shoots
               from
               Wal-trees
               .
            
          
           
             11
             
               Grafting
               seed
               Plants
               before
               removing
            
             .
          
           
             12
             
               Not
               Pruning
               the
               Roots
               of
               Plants
               .
            
          
           
             13
             
               Breaking
               off
               Buds
               before
               Grafts
               grow
               .
            
          
           
             14
             
               Grafting
               great
               bodies
               of
               Trees
            
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A26235-e59020
           
             
               Bapt.
               Port.
               Li.
            
             1.
             p.
             16.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             fruit
             is
             accounted
             a
             special
             remedy
             against
             Poyson
             and
             
               Pestilence
               :
               Avicen
            
             says
             ,
             Lib.
             2.
             
             Can.
             C.
             501.
             
             
               Iuglans
               ficubus
               &
               R●ta
               Medicina
               omnibus
               venenis
               .
               Walnuts
               with
               Figs
               and
               R●e
               ,
               is
               a
               medicine
               against
               all
               poyson
               .
            
          
           
             L.
             2.
             de
             Arb.
             Nat.
             Pag.
             248.
             
          
           
             
               Legacy
               of
               Husbandry
               pag.
            
             19.
             
          
           
             
               Galen
               .
               de
               Aliment
               .
               facul
               .
               l.
            
             2.
             pag.
             20.
             
             
               In
               Com
               pr.
               Li.
               Dioscor
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Philosophers
               stone
            
          
           
             (a)
             If
             
               Landlords
               Covenant
            
             with
             their
             Tenants
             in
             their
             Leases
             ,
             to
             
               plant
               Trees
            
             ,
             their
             livings
             will
             thereby
             be
             much
             improved
             in
             certaine
             years
             .
          
           
             *
             
               See
               how
               ,
               pag.
            
             79
             ,
             80
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Set
               in
               the
               Spring
               of
               the
               year
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               Vineyards
               in
               England
            
             .
          
           
             1
             
               Make
               some
               Wall-trees
               ,
               Dwarftrees
            
          
           
             2
             
               Keep
               the
               gro●nd
               bare
               under
               and
               about
               them
               .
            
          
           
             3
             
               Wet
               ground
               bad
               for
               Trees
            
             .
          
           
             4
             
               Helps
               in
               Fruit-trees
               in
               bearing
            
             .
          
           
             5
             
               Take
               heed
               that
               Pismires
               ,
               Efts
               ,
               and
               such
               like
               ,
               be
               not
               about
               the
               Roots
               .
            
          
           
             6
             
               Fruit-trees
               advantage
               Grass
               some
               wayes
            
             .
          
           
             7
             
               Fruit-trees
               profitable
               many
               ways
            
             .
          
           
             8
             
               Helps
               for
               barren
               Vines
            
             .
          
           
             9
             
               How
               to
               keep
               Grapes
            
             .
          
           
             10
             
               Much
               profit
               by
               Planting
               in
               one
               Age.
               
            
          
           
             11
             
               Remedies
               against
               Conies
               ,
               Mice
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             12
             
               To
               have
               Cherries
               &
               fruits
               late
               .
            
          
           
             
               Cherries
               in
               November
            
             ,
          
           
             13
             
               Destroy
               Snails
               in
               Gardens
            
             .
          
           
             14
             
               To
               have
               fruit
               grow
               within
               doors
               .
            
          
           
             15
             
               Apples
               that
               have
               lyen
               a
               certain
               time
               make
               the
               most
               pleasant
               Cider
               .
            
          
           
             16
             
               Tun
               up
               Cider
               as
               soon
               as
               may
               be
               .
            
          
           
             17
             
               What
               flags
               are
               best
               to
               bind
               withal
            
          
           
             18
             
               Fit
               Grafts
               and
               stocks
               in
               bigness
               .
            
          
           
             19
             
               Cut
               Grafts
               in
               due
               season
            
             .
          
           
             20
             
               Seed-stocks
               better
               then
               Wood-stocks
            
          
           
             21
             
               Weed
               the
               Nursery
            
             .
          
           
             22
             
               Cut
               not
               off
               side
               branches
               too
               soon
            
          
           
             23
             
               How
               to
               get
               Boughs
               with
               Roots
               from
               Trees
               .
            
          
           
             *
             Or
             otherwise
             it
             may
             be
             done
             thus
             :
             About
             Midsommer
             take
             away
             the
             bark
             ,
             as
             before
             ,
             then
             put
             round
             about
             the
             bare
             place
             ,
             some
             Earth
             ,
             wherewith
             some
             Hay
             or
             Grass
             is
             mixt
             ,
             to
             hold
             it
             together
             ,
             then
             wrap
             it
             round
             about
             with
             a
             Hayband
             all
             over
             ,
             and
             in
             removing
             time
             ,
             cut
             off
             the
             bough
             below
             ,
             and
             set
             it
             with
             all
             the
             mould
             and
             bands
             ,
             take
             away
             nothing
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             24
             
               Look
               that
               seeds
               lie
               not
               above
               ground
               .
            
          
           
             25
             
               Lay
               dung
               upon
               the
               Roots
               of
               new
               set
               Plants
               .
            
          
           
             26
             
               Leave
               a
               Bud
               on
               the
               outside
               .
            
          
           
             27
             
               Preserv●
               some
               〈◊〉
               ungrafted
               Trees
               for
               Cider
               .
            
          
           
             28
             
               Sow
               Acorns
               Ash
               keys
               ,
               and
               other
               Seeds
               .
            
          
        
         
           Notes for div A26235-e73390
           
             *
             In
             his
             Epistle
             to
             his
             Natural
             History
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A26235-e74050
           
             Experiment
             401.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             402.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             403.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             404.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             405.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             406.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             407.
             
          
           
             Obeservation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             408.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             409.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             411.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             412.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             413.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             414.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             415.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             416.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             417.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             418.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             419.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             420.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             421.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             423.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             424.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             426.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             427.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             428.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             429.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             430.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             431.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             432.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             433.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             434.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             435.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             ●●6
             .
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             439
             ▪
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             44●
             .
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             441.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             447.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             450.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             452.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             453.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             452.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             455.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             456.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             457.
             
          
           
             Observating
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             463.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             464.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             426.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             467.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             See
             pag.
             18
             :
             Treatise
             of
             Fruit-tree
             ▪
             pag.
             98.
             
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             468.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             470.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             471.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             See
             hereof
             Treatise
             of
             Fruit-trees
             
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             472.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             475.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             476.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             477
             ,
             478
             ,
             479.
             
          
           
             Compounding
             of
             Fruits
             .
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             *
             Nat.
             Hist.
             pag.
             165.
             
          
           
             ‖
             Advanc
             :
             Lear.
             l.
             1.
             pag.
             32.
             
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             480
             ,
             81
             ,
             &c.
             Sympathy
             and
             Antipathy
             of
             Plants
             .
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             499.
             
          
           
             Making
             Herbs
             and
             Fruits
             Medicinable
             .
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             401
             ,
             &c.
             Curiosities
             about
             fruits
             and
             plants
             .
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             502.
             
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             503.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             504.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             506.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
               570.
            
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiments
             .
             508
             and
             509.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             510.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             See
             〈◊〉
             481.
             
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             513.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             541.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Some
             old
             Fruit-trees
             are
             hollow
             all
             along
             their
             bodies
             ,
             having
             no
             pith
             at
             all
             ,
             which
             bring
             forth
             fruits
             with
             no
             less
             Core
             or
             Stone
             for
             that
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             515.
             
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             516.
             
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             517.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Of
             this
             ,
             see
             Expe.
             514.
             
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             518.
             
          
           
             Degenerating
             of
             Plants
             .
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             (a)
             Expe.
             506.
             
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             519.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             534.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             535.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             544.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             578.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             579.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             586.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             624.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             627
             ▪
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             633.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             See
             Master
             Hartlibs
             Legacy
             of
             Husbandry
             pag.
             27.
             
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             634.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             637.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             *
             Therefore
             observe
             the
             directions
             given
             in
             the
             
               Treatise
               of
               fruit
               trees
            
             ,
             p.
             131
             ,
             132.
             &c.
             in
             causing
             the
             branches
             to
             spread
             along
             the
             wall
             both
             ways
             ,
             which
             causeth
             fruit-bearing
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             638.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             653.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             654.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             668.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             See
             the
             observation
             upon
             the
             477
             Experiment
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             316.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             343.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             378.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             385.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             85●
             .
          
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             Experiment
             .
             856.
             
          
           
             Observation
             .