Observations upon some part of Sr Francis Bacon's Naturall history as it concernes fruit-trees, fruits, and flowers especially the fifth, sixth, and seaventh centuries, improving the experiments mentioned, to the best advantage / by R.A. Austen, practiser in the art of planting.
         Austen, Ralph, d. 1676.
      
       
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             Observations upon some part of Sr Francis Bacon's Naturall history as it concernes fruit-trees, fruits, and flowers especially the fifth, sixth, and seaventh centuries, improving the experiments mentioned, to the best advantage / by R.A. Austen, practiser in the art of planting.
             Austen, Ralph, d. 1676.
             Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626. Sylva sylvarum.
          
           [8], 46, [2] p.
           
             Printed by Hen. Hall, for Thomas Robinson,
             Oxford :
             1658.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in Cambridge University Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Fruit-culture -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
       A26232  R13917  (Wing A4234).  civilwar no Observations upon some part of Sr Francis Bacon's naturall history as it concernes, fruit-trees, fruits, and flowers: especially the fifth, Austen, Ralph 1658    25802 1081 5 0 0 0 0 421 F  The  rate of 421 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the F category of texts with  100 or more defects per 10,000 words. 
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        2002-05 Emma (Leeson) Huber
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        2002-06 pfs
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           Observations
           upon
           some
           part
           of
           Sr
           FRANCIS
           BACONS
           NATVRALL
           HISTORY
           as
           it
           concernes
           ,
           Fruit-trees
           ,
           Fruits
           ,
           and
           Flowers
           :
           especially
           the
           Fifth
           ,
           Sixth
           ,
           and
           Seaventh
           CENTURIES
           ,
           Improving
           the
           Experiments
           mentioned
           ,
           to
           the
           best
           Advantage
           .
        
         
           By
           RA:
           AUSTEN
           Practiser
           in
           the
           Art
           of
           Planting
           .
        
         
           
             Gen
             :
             2.8
             .
          
           
             And
             the
             Lord
             God
             planted
             a
             Garden
             Eastward
             in
             
               Eden
               ,
            
             and
             there
             he
             put
             the
             man
             whom
             he
             had
             formed
             .
          
           
             And
             out
             of
             the
             ground
             made
             the
             Lord
             God
             to
             grow
             every
             tree
             that
             is
             pleasant
             to
             the
             sight
             ,
             and
             good
             for
             foode
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gen
             :
             1.29
             .
          
           
             And
             God
             said
             :
             behold
             I
             have
             given
             you
             every
             hearb
             bearing
             seede
             ,
             which
             is
             upon
             the
             face
             of
             all
             the
             Earth
             :
             and
             every
             Tree
             ,
             in
             which
             is
             the
             fruit
             of
             a
             tree
             bearing
             seede
             ,
             to
             you
             it
             shall
             be
             for
             meate
             .
          
        
         
           OXFORD
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             Hen
             :
             Hall
             ,
          
           for
           
             Thomas
             Robinson
             .
          
           1658.
           
        
      
       
       
       
         
           To
           the
           honourable
           
             Robert
             Boyle
          
           Esq.
           sonne
           to
           the
           
             Lord
             Boyle
          
           Earle
           of
           
             Co●ke●
          
        
         
           
             Honoured
             SIR
             ,
          
        
         
           THE
           
             Prophet
             David
          
           tells
           us
           ,
           
             the
             workes
             of
             the
             Lord
             are
             wonderfull
             ,
             sought
             out
             of
             all
             them
             that
             have
             pleasure
             therein
          
           :
           and
           he
           hath
           laid
           some
           of
           the
           
             secrets
             of
             Nature
          
           so
           deepe
           ,
           that
           no
           humane
           understanding
           can
           fathom
           ,
           or
           find
           them
           out
           :
           Yet
           neverthelesse
           he
           gives
           wisdome
           unto
           man
           (
           who
           is
           studious
           thereabout
           )
           to
           discover
           multitudes
           of
           
             rare
             ,
          
           and
           
             excellent
             things
             ,
          
           for
           the
           use
           and
           comfort
           of
           mankind
           ,
           that
           God
           in
           all
           things
           may
           be
           glorified
           .
        
         
           Every
           man
           hath
           a
           
             Talent
             ,
          
           (
           or
           more
           )
           given
           him
           ,
           to
           improve
           ,
           for
           the
           honour
           of
           him
           that
           gave
           it
           ,
           and
           the
           advantage
           of
           himselfe
           ,
           and
           others
           :
           and
           not
           to
           hide
           it
           ,
           or
           lay
           it
           up
           in
           a
           Napkin
           ,
           as
           very
           many
           slothfull
           persons
           do
           ,
           to
           their
           shame
           ,
           and
           destruction
           :
           Especially
           of
           those
           who
           have
           the
           greatest
           portions
           ,
           and
           Revenues
           in
           this
           world
           :
           and
           therefore
           think
           ther
           's
           no
           need
           (
           nor
           reason
           )
           they
           should
           
             labour
             ,
          
           either
           with
           
             body
          
           or
           
             mind
          
           :
           
             *
          
           But
           
             Mr
             Boulton
          
           (
           now
           in
           heaven
           )
           hath
           left
           a
           Lesson
           behind
           him
           for
           such
           to
           learne
           ,
           
             He
             is
          
           (
           saith
           he
           )
           
             a
             cursed
             drone
             ,
             a
             child
             of
             idlenesse
             ,
             and
             sloth
             ,
             the
             very
             tennis
             Ball
             of
             Temptation
             ,
             most
             unworthy
             of
             the
             blessings
             ,
             and
             benefits
             of
             humane
             society
             ,
             who
             doth
             not
             one
             way
             or
             other
             ,
             cooperate
             ,
             and
             contribute
             to
             the
             common
             good
             ,
             with
             his
             best
             endeavours
             ,
             in
             some
             honest
             particular
             calling
             ,
             or
             course
             of
             life
             .
          
           It
           brings
           true
           honour
           to
           be
           Instrumentall
           for
           the
           honour
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           good
           of
           others
           :
           we
           may
           take
           his
           word
           for
           it
           ,
           who
           hath
           said
           ,
           
             Them
             that
             honour
             me
             I
             will
             honour
             ,
             but
             those
             that
             despise
             me
             ,
             shall
             be
             lightly
             esteemed
             .
          
           All
           men
           desire
           
             a
             good
             name
             ,
          
           which
           is
           no
           way
           attainable
           ,
           but
           by
           obedience
           according
           to
           the
           Scriptures
           :
           the
           truest
           worth
           ,
           and
           Nobility
           ,
           is
           to
           be
           
             borne
             from
             above
             ,
          
           to
           have
           
             Relations
             in
             Heaven
             ,
          
           all
           earthly
           honour
           is
           but
           a
           shadow
           to
           it
           .
        
         
           Now
           I
           wish
           (
           for
           their
           good
           )
           such
           persons
           would
           look
           upon
           you
           ,
           (
           worthy
           Sr
           )
           and
           set
           you
           as
           an
           
             Example
             ,
          
           and
           Patterne
           before
           them
           ,
           of
           Learning
           ,
           and
           studiousnesse
           ,
           in
           all
           profitable
           knowledg
           ,
           your
           diligent
           search
           ,
           
           and
           indagation
           into
           the
           noble
           
             Art
             of
             Chymistry
             ,
          
           (
           as
           it
           relates
           to
           
             Vegetables
             ,
          
           and
           
             Animals
          
           )
           having
           already
           produced
           many
           excellent
           effects
           ,
           and
           been
           profitable
           unto
           many
           ;
           your
           study
           also
           of
           other
           parts
           of
           
             Philosophy
          
           I
           doubt
           not
           but
           ●ill
           (
           in
           due
           time
           )
           b●ing
           forth
           speciall
           fruits
           ;
           And
           tha●
           in
           par●icular
           about
           
             Fermentation
             ,
          
           (
           and
           other
           wa●es
           of
           pr●paration
           )
           of
           
             Liquors
             ,
          
           more
           especially
           that
           of
           
             Cider
             ,
          
           which
           you
           are
           now
           in
           hand
           with
           .
           It
           is
           well
           knowne
           ,
           how
           acceptable
           ,
           and
           profitable
           it
           is
           ,
           and
           hath
           been
           ,
           for
           many
           generations
           past
           ,
           for
           the
           
             health
             of
             our
             bodies
             ,
          
           abov●
           many
           (
           if
           not
           any
           )
           other
           kinds
           of
           Liquors
           ,
           knowne
           to
           us
           ;
           Now
           in
           case
           it
           may
           be
           advanc●d
           ,
           and
           made
           much
           better
           ,
           by
           
             Fermentation
             ,
          
           (
           as
           there
           is
           no
           doubt
           but
           it
           may
           )
           then
           it
           will
           be
           of
           more
           speciall
           and
           generall
           use
           ,
           then
           ever
           yet
           it
           hath
           been
           ,
           if
           unto
           all
           this
           be
           added
           ,
           
             vi●
             .
          
           to
           make
           it
           of
           those
           fruits
           w●ich
           are
           knowne
           by
           Experience
           to
           be
           the
           
             best
          
           for
           that
           purpose
           :
           The
           Learned
           ,
           and
           incomparable
           Author
           
             Sr
             Francis
             Bacon
          
           hath
           left
           unto
           men
           such
           
             Rules
             ,
          
           and
           helps
           in
           all
           kinds
           of
           Learning
           ,
           that
           th●y
           will
           be
           much
           wanting
           to
           themselves
           ,
           if
           
             Arts
             ,
          
           and
           
             Sciences
          
           improve
           not
           ,
           very
           much
           above
           what
           they
           have
           been
           in
           former
           ages
           ;
           And
           as
           the
           foresaid
           worthy
           Author
           was
           eminently
           seen
           in
           all
           
             Arts
          
           and
           
             Sciences
             ,
          
           so
           his
           delight
           was
           especially
           (
           as
           is
           recorded
           of
           him
           )
           in
           
             Vegetable
             Philosophy
             ,
          
           which
           was
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           his
           
             darling
             delight
             ,
          
           having
           left
           unto
           us
           much
           upon
           Record
           in
           his
           
             Naturall
             H●story
          
           ;
           some
           part
           whereof
           referring
           to
           
             F●uit-trees
             ,
             Fruits
             ,
          
           and
           
             Flowers
             ,
          
           I
           have
           ,
           (
           by
           encouragement
           from
           himselfe
           )
           endeavoured
           to
           improve
           unto
           publique
           profit
           ,
           according
           to
           what
           understanding
           ,
           and
           experience
           I
           have
           therein
           :
           (
           I
           think
           it
           would
           not
           be
           in
           vaine
           ,
           if
           others
           who
           are
           seene
           ,
           and
           experienced
           in
           other
           parts
           of
           the
           said
           
             History
             ,
          
           would
           do
           the
           like
           )
           And
           seeing
           I
           perceive
           (
           since
           you
           have
           been
           pleased
           to
           honour
           me
           with
           your
           acquaintance
           )
           that
           your
           
             Genius
          
           is
           towards
           things
           of
           this
           nature
           ,
           to
           promote
           them
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           the
           Common
           good
           ,
           and
           that
           I
           have
           encouragements
           in
           my
           labours
           thereabout
           ,
           (
           both
           as
           to
           the
           
             Theory
             ,
          
           and
           
             Practise
          
           )
           I
           humbly
           ,
           present
           these
           following
           
             Observations
          
           into
           your
           hands
           ,
           and
           am
           (
           for
           all
           your
           favours
           )
        
         
           
             (
             honoured
             Sr
             )
          
           
             your
             obliged
             servant
             
               RA:
               AUSTEN
               .
            
          
        
      
       
       
         
           To
           the
           Reader
           .
        
         
           COncerning
           my
           undertaking
           this
           ensuing
           work
           ,
           I
           give
           this
           Account
           :
           It
           may
           (
           perhaps
           )
           by
           some
           be
           thought
           too
           bold
           an
           attemp
           in
           me
           ,
           to
           examine
           the
           writings
           ,
           and
           to
           recede
           (
           in
           any
           thing
           )
           from
           the
           Judgment
           of
           so
           
             Eminent
             ,
          
           and
           
             worthy
             an
             Author
          
           ;
           To
           which
           I
           Answer
           :
           For
           what
           I
           have
           here
           done
           ,
           I
           doubt
           not
           ,
           but
           if
           the
           
             Authour
          
           himselfe
           were
           now
           living
           ,
           he
           would
           approve
           of
           it
           :
           But
           more
           particularly
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           considered
           that
           
             those
             things
          
           which
           I
           have
           to
           do
           with
           herein
           ,
           are
           directly
           within
           the
           compasse
           of
           my
           
             Calling
             ,
          
           and
           
             course
             of
             life
             :
          
           about
           which
           I
           am
           daily
           conversant
           :
           And
           the
           
             Author
          
           hath
           given
           to
           my selfe
           ,
           and
           others
           ,
           sufficient
           encouragement
           in
           this
           :
           Having
           said
           (
           in
           his
           Advancement
           of
           Learning
           )
           
             That
             the
             writings
             of
             speculative
             men
             upon
             active
             matter
             ,
             seemes
             to
             men
             of
             Experience
             ,
             to
             be
             but
             as
             dreames
             ,
             and
             dotage
             :
             And
             that
             it
             were
             to
             be
             wished
             ,
             (
             as
             that
             which
             would
             make
             Learning
             indeede
             solid
             ,
             and
             frui●full
             )
             that
             active
             men
             would
             ,
             or
             could
             become
             writers
          
           :
           Men
           that
           have
           
             Experience
          
           in
           things
           ,
           are
           like
           to
           see
           in
           the
           
             Mysteries
             ,
          
           and
           
             secrets
             of
             them
             ,
             more
             ,
          
           and
           
             further
          
           then
           such
           as
           have
           only
           
             Notions
             ,
          
           and
           
             apprehensions
          
           of
           them
           without
           
             action
             ,
          
           and
           
             practice
             ,
          
           It
           is
           concluded
           ,
           and
           laid
           for
           a
           ground
           :
           That
           ,
           
             peritis
             credendum
             in
             sua
             Arte
          
           :
           Men
           are
           to
           give
           credit
           to
           
             Artists
          
           in
           their
           owne
           faculty
           ,
           And
           f●rther
           observe
           :
           That
           
             many
             of
             the
             ensuing
             particulars
             ,
          
           are
           but
           only
           
             Queries
             ,
          
           set
           downe
           by
           the
           
             Author
             ,
          
           wherein
           not
           having
           
             Experience
             ,
          
           he
           desired
           further
           light
           from
           it
           :
           which
           I
           have
           ende●voured
           herein
           to
           resolve
           ;
           And
           wherein
           I
           have
           perceived
           a
           manifest
           mistake●
           I
           have
           (
           for
           the
           
             Truths
          
           sake
           ,
           and
           
             profit
             of
             men
          
           )
           discovered
           it
           .
           I
           hope
           ,
           without
           any
           reflection
           upon
           the
           
             worthy
             ,
          
           
           and
           
             Learn●d
             Author
             ,
          
           who
           I
           verily
           believe
           ,
           would
           have
           encouraged
           any
           
             Experienced
             man
             ,
          
           in
           the
           like
           undertaking
           :
           not
           seeking
           himselfe
           ,
           (
           as
           he
           
             *
          
           professeth
           )
           but
           the
           
             Truth
             ,
          
           in
           these
           things
           ,
           for
           the
           
             good
             of
             future
             Generatio●s
             .
          
        
         
           Let
           it
           be
           observed
           also
           ,
           That
           the
           
             Experiments
          
           set
           downe
           by
           the
           Author
           in
           his
           
             Naturall
             History
             ,
          
           are
           of
           
             two
             sorts
             ,
          
           as
           himselfe
           saith
           :
           
             Experimenta
             Fructifera
             ,
             &
             Experimenta
             Lucifera
             :
             Experiments
          
           of
           
             Light
             ,
          
           and
           
             Discovery
             ,
          
           (
           such
           as
           serve
           for
           the
           
             illumination
          
           of
           the
           
             unde●standing
             ,
          
           for
           the
           finding
           out
           ,
           and
           discovering
           of
           Naturall
           things
           in
           their
           
             Cau●es
             ,
          
           and
           
             ●ff●cts
             ,
          
           that
           so
           
             A●ioms
          
           may
           be
           framed
           more
           soundly
           ,
           and
           solidly
           )
           And
           also
           
             Experiments
             of
             use
             ,
          
           and
           
             Profit
             ,
          
           in
           the
           lives
           of
           men
           .
        
         
           Now
           the
           
             Observations
             upon
             these
             Experiments
          
           tend
           also
           to
           the
           
             s●me
             ends
             .
          
           I
           have
           endeavoured
           to
           improve
           them
           for
           most
           advantage
           ,
           and
           therefore
           have
           so
           much
           enlarged
           ,
           especially
           upon
           many
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           where
           I
           have
           been
           more
           briefe
           ,
           and
           the
           thing
           required
           further
           Di●covery
           ,
           I
           have
           referred
           to
           it
           ,
           in
           my
           
             Treatise
             of
             Fruit-trees
             ,
          
           where
           it
           is
           spoken
           to
           more
           fully
           .
        
         
           And
           that
           there
           may
           be
           a
           briefe
           view
           of
           what
           is
           contained
           in
           the
           ens●ing
           
             Experiments
             ,
          
           and
           
             Observations●
          
           I
           have
           set
           downe
           the
           chiefe
           particulars
           ,
           in
           the
           Table
           following
           ,
           which
           I
           recommend
           to
           thy
           use
           ,
           for
           thy
           profit
           ,
        
         
           
             RA:
             AVSTEN
             .
          
        
      
       
       
         
           
             Good
             Reader
             .
          
        
         
           THE
           
             Author
          
           of
           this
           piece
           has
           alwaies
           thought
           fit
           (
           I
           disclaime
           any
           worth
           in
           me
           that
           may
           deserve
           it
           )
           to
           give
           me
           leave
           some
           time
           before
           every
           impression
           to
           make
           a
           judgment
           of
           what
           in
           this
           nature
           he
           has
           published
           .
        
         
           But
           now
           bearing
           Reverence
           to
           the
           Greatnesse
           and
           Honour
           of
           the
           Person
           (
           without
           controversy
           for
           that
           constellation
           of
           Learning
           and
           Nobility
           in
           him
           none
           of
           the
           least
           credits
           of
           our
           Nation
           )
           with
           whom
           he
           is
           now
           seene
           ,
           was
           desirous
           ,
           that
           I
           should
           not
           only
           tell
           him
           (
           which
           at
           other
           times
           served
           the
           t●rne
           )
           but
           
             thee
             ,
          
           and
           the
           
             World
             ,
          
           my
           thoughts
           concerning
           this
           his
           adventure
           .
           Which
           are
           ,
           that
           no
           man
           ought
           to
           judge
           him
           presumptuous
           in
           this
           particular
           ,
           I
           take
           him
           to
           be
           such
           who
           has
           more
           mind
           to
           communicate
           to
           the
           World
           (
           for
           publique
           profit
           )
           what
           he
           has
           found
           by
           triall
           certaine
           ,
           than
           to
           make
           a
           book●
           and
           indeed
           am
           Witn●sse
           my selfe
           to
           the
           truth
           of
           most
           of
           his
           
             Experiments
             ,
          
           the
           subjects
           of
           which
           no
           man
           dares
           call
           too
           low
           for
           the
           p●n
           ,
           that
           Remembers
           the
           Author
           whose
           writing
           fi●st
           gave
           occasion
           to
           th●se
           
             Animadversions
             .
          
        
         
           The
           
             Nature
          
           of
           things
           ,
           
             C●use●
          
           of
           their
           generation
           ,
           and
           of
           all
           appearing
           
             effect
             ,
          
           in
           them
           ,
           is
           confest
           to
           be
           a
           
             dark
             theme
             ,
          
           and
           for
           ought
           I
           know
           ,
           many
           questions
           thereabouts
           are
           not
           likely
           to
           be
           concluded
           ,
           especially
           to
           the
           conviction
           of
           gainesayers
           ,
           till
           
             Anaxagoras
             ,
             Epicurus
             ,
             Aristotle
          
           rise
           againe
           :
           A
           little
           time
           by
           Gods
           providence
           I
           have
           been
           continued
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           some
           small
           pittance
           of
           which
           has
           been
           laid
           out
           in
           that
           search
           :
           I
           dare
           not
           say
           that
           I
           have
           been
           ascertained
           of
           the
           
             adequate
             ,
          
           and
           
             true
             causes
             ,
          
           with
           their
           
             manner
             in
             Causation
          
           of
           any
           of
           those
           
             Vulg●r
             appearances
          
           which
           are
           in
           all
           mens
           Eyes
           ,
           after
           the
           best
           state
           that
           I
           can
           make
           in
           this
           subject
           ,
           
             Fortasse
             non
             ,
          
           if
           opposed
           ,
           may
           put
           me
           to
           a
           blanck●
           nor
           am
           
           I
           confident
           of
           any
           mans
           Wisdome
           that
           concludes
           affirmatively
           more
           than
           this
           .
           That
           such
           an
           
             effect
          
           may
           proceede
           in
           such
           a
           manner
           from
           su●h
           a
           
             Cause
             :
          
           Sometimes
           in
           many
           opinions
           we
           have
           no
           probable
           
             causes
          
           assigned
           ,
           but
           when
           many
           
             probable
             ,
          
           than
           t
           is
           hard●st
           of
           all
           to
           prove
           which
           is
           
             true●
          
           This
           I
           sp●ak
           to
           tak●
           off
           the
           ●xceptions
           of
           such
           who
           are
           otherwise
           perswaded
           than
           our
           
             Author
          
           d●clares
           himselfe
           ,
           when
           the
           qu●stion
           is
           concerning
           
             c●uses
             ,
          
           as
           in
           the
           
             481.
             
             Exp●riment
          
           :
           My
           
             Lord
             Bacon
          
           seemes
           to
           maintaine
           
             Anaxag●ras
          
           his
           opinion
           ,
           concerning
           the
           way
           of
           
             generation
             ,
          
           and
           
             augmentation
          
           per
           
             {non-Roman}
             {non-Roman}
             {non-Roman}
             {non-Roman}
             {non-Roman}
          
           ,
           
             Mr
             Austen
             A●istotles
             ,
          
           I
           le
           not
           be
           bound
           that
           in
           a
           severe
           judgment
           the
           
             M●ster
             of
             our
             Schooles
          
           shall
           have
           the
           sentence
           on
           his
           side
           :
           Yet
           we
           find
           few
           better
           
             Instances
          
           (
           th●n
           
             Mr
             Austen
          
           brings
           )
           to
           explaine
           how
           out
           of
           one
           Nature
           (
           if
           ind●ed
           there
           ●e
           but
           one
           )
           in
           the
           j●yce
           drawne
           through
           the
           Roots
           to
           serve
           severall
           grafts
           upon
           the
           same
           stock
           severall
           natures
           may
           be
           made
           .
           Others
           may
           likely
           be
           ●ffended
           at
           his
           refusall
           to
           attribute
           many
           
             effects
          
           to
           the
           
             descention
             of
             Sap
             ,
          
           which
           who
           ever
           d●es
           ,
           I
           give
           him
           leave
           to
           blame
           me
           too
           ;
           For
           I
           have
           long
           beli●ved
           the
           opinion
           of
           
             descention
             of
             Sap
             in
             Trees
             ,
             a
             vulg●r
             Error
             ,
          
           and
           h●ve
           alwaies
           encourag●d
           him
           to
           publish
           his
           argum●nts
           to
           the
           contrary
           .
           There
           may
           be
           others
           ready
           to
           stumble
           at
           other
           things
           ,
           but
           if
           it
           be
           in
           Matters
           wherein
           we
           are
           so
           much
           in
           the
           da●k●
           ,
           by
           my
           consent
           for
           all
           mistakes
           we
           will
           enterchangeably
           beg
           ,
           and
           give
           pardon
           :
           his
           arguments
           to
           me
           are
           all
           ●sp●cially
           commendable
           in
           this
           ,
           that
           they
           smell
           more
           of
           the
           
             garden
          
           than
           
             Library
          
           see
           
             pag.
             100
             ,
             101
             ,
             &c.
          
           of
           his
           
             Treatise
             of
             Fruit-trees
             .
          
        
         
           If
           therefore
           my
           judgment
           must
           be
           made
           ,
           I
           can't
           but
           commend
           him
           heartily
           ,
           and
           his
           
             ex●mple
          
           to
           all
           ,
           exercised
           in
           any
           like
           waies
           ,
           and
           doubt
           not
           but
           that
           it
           would
           be
           mightily
           to
           the
           advantage
           of
           knowledge
           in
           
             Naturall
             P●ilosophy
             ,
          
           if
           even
           all
           to
           the
           Low●st
           of
           
             Mechaniques
          
           would
           communicate
           the
           m●steries
           of
           their
           
             Arts
             .
             Interest
          
           ind●ed
           hinders
           most
           ,
           and
           ●o
           t
           is
           like
           ●o
           do
           ;
           from
           maki●g
           any
           thing
           Valuable
           common
           .
           But
           t
           is
           
             Heroicall
          
           and
           
             N●ble
             Charity
          
           when
           there
           's
           nothing
           but
           
             selfe●Interest
          
           hindring
           ,
           to
           d●ny
           that
           for
           the
           
             publique
             good
             :
          
           I
           believe
           the
           Author
           exp●cts
           to
           himselfe
           no
           a●tributes
           of
           so
           high
           Qualities
           .
           I
           wish
           he
           may
           alwaies
           have
           his
           du●
           a●
           l●ast
           from
        
         
           
             (
             Good
             Reader
             )
          
           
             His
             and
             Thine
             to
             serve
             thee
             
               R.
               SHARROCK
            
             L.
             B.
             novi
             Coll
             :
             Soc
             :
          
        
      
    
     
       
       
         
           Observations
           upon
           some
           part
           of
           Sr
           FRAN
           :
           BACONS
           Naturall
           HISTORY
           the
           V.
           CENTURY
           .
        
         
           WEE
           will
           now
           enquire
           of
           Plants
           ,
           or
           Vegetables
           ,
           And
           we
           shall
           do
           it
           with
           diligence
           .
           They
           are
           the
           principall
           part
           of
           the
           third
           daies
           work
           :
           They
           are
           the
           first
           Producat
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           word
           of
           Animation
           ;
           for
           the
           other
           words
           are
           but
           the
           words
           of
           Essence
           :
           And
           they
           are
           of
           excellent
           ,
           and
           generall
           use
           ,
           for
           Foode
           ,
           Medicine
           ,
           and
           a
           number
           of
           Mechanicall
           Arts
           .
        
         
           
             Experiments
             in
             Consort
             touching
             the
             Acceleration
             of
             Germination
             .
          
           
             
               THere
               were
               sowen
               in
               a
               Bed
               ,
            
             
             
               Turnip-seede
               ,
               Wheate
               ,
               Cowcumber-seede
               ,
               and
               Pease
               :
               The
               Bed
               we
               call
               a
               Hot-bed
               :
               Horse-dung
               (
               such
               as
               will
               Heate
               when
               laid
               together
               )
               laid
               a
               foot
               high
               ,
               supported
               on
               the
               sides
               ,
               and
               mould
               laid
               thereon
               two
               or
               three
               fingers
               deepe
               .
               The
               Turnip-seede
               and
               Wheate
               ,
               came
               up
               halfe
               an
               inch
               above
               ground
               ,
               within
               two
               
               daies
               after
               ;
               the
               rest
               the
               third
               day
               :
               This
               is
               a
               noble
               Experiment
               ,
               for
               without
               this
               they
               would
               have
               been
               foure
               times
               as
               long
               in
               comming
               up
               .
               It
               may
               be
               tryed
               also
               with
               Cherries
               ,
               Strawberries
               ,
               and
               other
               Fruits
               ,
               which
               are
               dearest
               when
               they
               come
               early
               .
            
          
           
             
             Though
             a
             
               Hot-bed
            
             conduce
             much
             to
             the
             
               speedy
               springing
               up
            
             of
             
               Seeds
               ,
               Stones
               ,
               Roots
               &c.
            
             yet
             the
             
               end
            
             cannot
             be
             attained
             hereby
             :
             (
             they
             will
             not
             come
             to
             
               ripen●sse
               earlier
            
             th●n
             others
             for
             profit
             )
             unlesse
             there
             be
             a
             continuance
             ,
             and
             concurrence
             of
             
               Causes
               ,
            
             from
             
               fi●st
            
             to
             
               last
               ,
            
             all
             alon●
             ,
             without
             intermission
             :
             For
             the
             
               hasty
               ,
            
             and
             
               sudden
               springing
               up
            
             of
             
               seed
            
             upon
             a
             
               Hot-b●d
               ,
            
             is
             but
             a
             forcing
             of
             N●ture
             ,
             for
             a
             little
             while
             ,
             and
             serves
             to
             excite
             for
             the
             
               present
               ,
               while
               the
               heate
               continues
               in
               it
            
             ;
             but
             what
             shall
             carry
             on
             the
             
               springing
               ,
            
             and
             
               growth
            
             of
             these
             things
             to
             pe●fection
             ,
             when
             the
             
               heate
            
             of
             the
             
               Hot-bed
            
             is
             over
             :
             surely
             as
             the
             
               Cause
            
             of
             springing
             and
             growth
             becomes
             
               weaker
               ,
            
             and
             
               weaker
               ,
            
             untill
             it
             cease
             altogether
             ,
             so
             also
             will
             the
             
               ●ff●ct
            
             of
             that
             
               heate
               ,
            
             that
             is
             ,
             
               the
               growth
               of
               the
               Plants
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Steeping
               of
               Wheate
               in
               fat
               waters
               ,
               and
               other
               Liquors
               ,
               is
               a
               rich
               Exp●riment
               f●r
               profit
               ,
               if
               the
               goodn●sse
               of
               the
               Crop
               answer
               the
               earlinesse
               of
               the
               comming
               up
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
             
               S●eeping
               of
               Seed●
               ,
               Kernell●
               ,
               Stones
               &c.
            
             is
             chiefly
             to
             excite
             the
             spi●it
             of
             the
             
               kernell
               ,
            
             or
             
               Seede
               ,
            
             and
             to
             make
             them
             the
             
               sooner
               ,
            
             and
             
               more
               easily
            
             to
             open
             ,
             and
             spring
             up
             out
             of
             the
             E●rth
             ;
             which
             some
             kinds
             have
             much
             need
             of
             :
             As
             
               Aprecots
               ,
               Almonds
               ,
            
             and
             other
             thick
             ,
             hard
             stones
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             
               Wheate
               ,
            
             and
             such
             like
             
               seeds
               ,
            
             sleeping
             will
             excite
             the
             spirits
             ,
             and
             open
             the
             grosser
             parts
             ,
             and
             hasten
             their
             springing
             up
             ;
             But
             I
             conceive
             the
             
               vigour
               ,
            
             and
             
               virtue
            
             (
             gotten
             by
             such
             
               steeping
            
             )
             will
             be
             
               soone
               gone
               ,
            
             it
             will
             not
             be
             
               lasting
               ,
            
             as
             the
             
               naturall
               properties
               of
               the
               seed
            
             ;
             Whatsoever
             is
             
               naturall
               ,
            
             in
             
               seeds
               ,
               Plants
               &c.
            
             doth
             continue
             ,
             and
             cannot
             fall
             off
             ,
             or
             be
             lost
             ;
             but
             that
             which
             is
             but
             
               accidentall
               ,
            
             and
             from
             
               Art
               ,
            
             is
             but
             of
             short
             continuance
             ,
             and
             soone
             over
             ;
             (
             like
             the
             virtue
             of
             a
             
               Cup
               of
               wine
               ,
            
             or
             a
             
               meales
               meate
               ,
            
             to
             our
             bodies
             )
             so
             that
             the
             
               end
            
             will
             not
             be
             attained
             ,
             unlesse
             the
             same
             help
             be
             ●enewed
             ,
             and
             often
             repe●ted
             ,
             by
             wat●ing
             of
             such
             
               steeped
               seeds●
            
             with
             the
             same
             
               Liquors
               ,
            
             from
             time
             to
             time
             ●ntill
             they
             come
             to
             pe●fection
             .
          
           
           
             
               Strawberries
               watred
               now
               ,
            
             
             
               and
               then
               (
               as
               once
               in
               three
               daies
               )
               with
               water
               wherein
               hath
               been
               steeped
               Sheeps-dung
               ,
               or
               Pigeons-dung
               ,
               will
               prevent
               ,
               and
               come
               early
               .
            
          
           
             This
             is
             a
             good
             
               Experiment
               ,
            
             
             and
             profitable
             to
             make
             the
             
               B●rries
               earlier
               ,
            
             and
             
               fairer
               ,
            
             so
             it
             be
             
               seasonably
               ,
            
             and
             
               moderately
            
             done●
             I
             conceive
             the
             
               morning
            
             is
             best
             ,
             before
             the
             sunne
             be
             
               hot
            
             ;
             but
             water
             them
             not
             
               too
               often
               ,
            
             nor
             
               too
               much
               ,
            
             lest
             it
             make
             the
             ground
             
               too
               ranke
               ,
            
             and
             
               fat
               ,
            
             which
             is
             not
             good
             for
             
               strawberries
            
             ;
             it
             makes
             them
             commonly
             runne
             into
             
               great
               leaves
            
             and
             
               strings
               ,
            
             and
             to
             beare
             Fruits
             lesse
             .
          
           
             
               Dung
               ,
               or
               Chalke
               ,
               or
               Blood
               ,
               applyed
               in
               substance
               ,
            
             
             
               (
               seasonably
               )
               to
               the
               Roots
               of
               Trees
               ,
               doth
               s●t
               them
               forwards
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             Too
             great
             a
             quantity
             of
             these
             things
             ,
             
             will
             hurt
             ,
             especially
             
               young
               Trees
            
             ;
             as
             the
             best
             meates
             ,
             and
             drinks
             immoderately
             ,
             and
             unseasonably
             taken
             ,
             hurt
             men
             :
             
               Blood
               ,
            
             or
             
               Flesh
               ,
            
             or
             the
             like
             ,
             applyed
             to
             the
             Roots
             of
             
               old
               Vines
               ,
            
             or
             other
             Fruit-trees
             being
             decaying
             ,
             or
             old
             ,
             will
             refresh
             them
             greatly
             :
             Let
             this
             be
             done
             before
             winter
             ,
             or
             in
             winter
             time
             ,
             that
             the
             virtue
             thereof
             may
             soke
             into
             the
             Roots
             ,
             and
             the
             earth
             about
             them
             ,
             before
             the
             spring
             :
             And
             also
             that
             it
             may
             not
             be
             noysome
             ,
             or
             offensive
             ,
             in
             spring
             ,
             or
             sommer
             after
             :
             Digge
             up
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             bare
             the
             Roots
             ,
             as
             much
             as
             may
             be
             ,
             and
             power
             in
             the
             Blood
             ,
             or
             lay
             the
             Dung
             ,
             Flesh
             ,
             or
             any
             fat
             substance
             to
             the
             Roots
             ,
             afterwards
             cover
             it
             with
             the
             mould
             ,
             all
             over
             :
             Otherwise
             take
             a
             Barre
             of
             Iron
             ,
             and
             make
             many
             holes
             ,
             among
             ,
             and
             about
             the
             Roots
             of
             old
             Trees
             (
             especially
             where
             the
             ground
             i●
             bad
             )
             and
             power
             in
             Blood
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             fat
             water
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             ;
             this
             will
             much
             refresh
             the
             Trees
             .
          
           
             
               Fruit-trees
               upon
               a
               South
               ,
            
             
             
               or
               south-east
               Wall
               ,
               will
               bring
               forth
               their
               Fruits
               early
               .
            
          
           
             It
             is
             true●
             that
             the
             
               South-wall
            
             is
             best
             ,
             
             and
             the
             
               South-east
            
             next●
             to
             plant
             choice
             trees
             upon
             ,
             to
             come
             
               early
            
             ;
             the
             reason
             why
             the
             
               West-wall
            
             is
             not
             so
             good
             as
             the
             
               East
               ,
            
             for
             
               early
               budding
               ,
               and
               ripening
               of
               fruits
               ,
            
             I
             conceive
             is
             mainely
             ,
             because
             there
             is
             usually
             more
             
               raine
               ,
            
             and
             
               moisture
               ,
            
             and
             
               greater
            
             and
             
               more
               winds
            
             out
             of
             the
             
               West
               ,
            
             in
             spring
             and
             sommer
             ,
             then
             out
             of
             the
             
               East
               ,
            
             which
             do
             much
             coo●e
             
             the
             trees
             and
             fr●its
             ,
             and
             so
             
               retard
               .
            
             Also
             
               May-Cherry-trees
               ,
            
             or
             other
             kinds
             which
             n●●urally
             bud
             ,
             and
             bring
             fruits
             early
             ,
             being
             plan●ed
             (
             as
             is
             here
             said
             )
             against
             the
             
               back
               of
               a
               Chimney
            
             where
             fire
             is
             much
             kept
             ,
             the
             same
             will
             bud
             ,
             and
             beare
             
               ve●y
               early
            
             in
             the
             yeare
             ,
             especially
             if
             the
             wall
             be
             of
             
               Brick
               ,
            
             and
             but
             a
             
               thin
               wall
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Digging
               ,
               and
               loosening
               the
               earth
               about
               the
               Roots
               of
               trees
               accelerate
               germination
               .
            
          
           
             
             This
             culture
             is
             undoubtedly
             a
             benefit
             to
             Trees
             ,
             as
             to
             their
             
               increase
               ,
               and
               growth
               :
            
             they
             will
             
               thrive
               the
               faster
               her●by
            
             ;
             but
             I
             conceive
             not
             as
             to
             their
             
               early
               budding
            
             ;
             for
             all
             trees
             bud
             forth
             before
             they
             draw
             one
             jot
             of
             S●p
             out
             of
             the
             earth
             :
             there
             is
             sap
             ,
             existing
             in
             the
             buds
             and
             branches
             all
             the
             winter
             ,
             which
             is
             excit●d
             by
             the
             sunnes
             drawing
             neere
             in
             the
             spring
             time
             ,
             and
             breaketh
             forth
             into
             
               blossome
               ,
            
             and
             
               leafe
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               A
               Dama●ke
               Rose
               tree
               in
               water
               budded
               in
               the
               space
               of
               ten
               daies
               in
               a
               Chamber
               .
            
          
           
             
             I
             conceive
             this
             acceleration
             was
             not
             for
             that
             it
             was
             set
             
               in
               water
               ,
            
             but
             because
             the
             aire
             was
             somewhat
             warmer
             in
             the
             house
             ,
             then
             out
             of
             dores
             at
             that
             season
             ,
             it
             being
             in
             
               October
            
             ;
             it
             would
             have
             done
             a●
             much
             if
             it
             had
             beene
             set
             in
             earth
             :
             And
             as
             for
             the
             difference
             betwixt
             this
             ,
             and
             that
             with
             the
             horse-dung
             mixed
             ;
             it
             may
             be
             that
             Rose
             tree
             in
             water
             only
             had
             the
             
               better
               ,
            
             and
             more
             
               Roots
               ,
            
             which
             would
             certainly
             cause
             
               budding
               sooner
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               A
               dutch
               Flower
               that
               had
               a
               bulbous
               Roote
               ,
               was
               put
               under
               water
               ;
               and
               within
               seaven
               daies
               sprouted
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
             I
             have
             tryed
             severall
             Flowers
             with
             
               bulbous
               Roots
               ,
            
             and
             other
             kinds
             of
             Roots
             ,
             
               in
               water
               ,
               in
               the
               house
               ,
            
             in
             
               Autumne
               ,
            
             which
             kept
             fresh
             ,
             and
             seemed
             to
             come
             on
             somewhat
             for
             a
             while
             ,
             but
             afterwards
             Flag'd
             ,
             and
             faded
             ;
             I
             know
             no
             advantage
             that
             may
             be
             had
             hereby
             at
             that
             season
             ,
             for
             the
             aire
             (
             in
             a
             while
             )
             growes
             chill
             ,
             and
             coole
             ,
             even
             within
             dores
             .
          
           
             
             
               Radish
               &c.
               in
               a
               Month.
               
            
          
           
           
             
               Pease
               ,
               Radish
               &c.
            
             are
             hastned
             in
             the
             spring
             ,
             
             and
             summer
             ,
             and
             their
             returnes
             quick
             ,
             chiefly
             because
             ●hey
             are
             sowed
             ,
             and
             set
             in
             a
             warme
             place
             ,
             upon
             g●ound
             sloping
             upon
             the
             
               South-east
               sunne
            
             ;
             with
             some
             speciall
             shelters
             from
             the
             
               North
               ,
            
             and
             
               cold
               winds
               .
            
          
           
             
               For
               Nourishment
               ,
            
             
             
               water
               is
               almost
               all
               in
               all
               ,
               therefore
               it
               is
               a
               comfortable
               Experiment
               for
               good
               drink●rs
               .
            
          
           
             
               Simply
               water
            
             affords
             but
             a
             feeble
             ,
             
             and
             weake
             nourishment
             ,
             crude
             ,
             and
             cold
             :
             and
             therefore
             we
             see
             that
             in
             low
             ,
             watr●sh
             grounds
             ,
             fruit-trees
             come
             on
             poorely
             ,
             being
             full
             of
             Mosse
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             cold
             nourishment
             :
             and
             that
             in
             
               dryer
               ,
               deepe
               ,
               fat
               soyles
               ,
            
             Fruit-trees
             are
             three
             or
             foure
             times
             
               bigger
               ,
               and
               longer
               lived
            
             th●n
             those
             
               in
               watrish
               grounds
            
             :
             Neither
             is
             this
             
               a
               comfortable
               Experiment
               for
               good
               drinkers
            
             ;
             for
             Experience
             shewes
             us
             ,
             such
             as
             live
             most
             upon
             good
             liquors
             (
             eating
             but
             little
             )
             are
             more
             
               unsound
               ,
               unheal●hy
               peopl●
               ,
               and
               shorter
               liv'd
               ,
            
             then
             those
             who
             
               drinke
               lesse
               ,
            
             and
             feed
             upon
             
               solid
               meates
               .
            
          
           
             
               Housing
               of
               Plants
               will
               accelera●●
               germination
               .
            
             
          
           
             Certainely
             it
             will
             ;
             
             if
             the
             Plants
             be
             ordered
             with
             d●scretion
             ,
             to
             be
             
               seasonably
            
             set
             out
             in
             the
             
               sunne
               ,
               and
               raine
               ,
            
             in
             the
             warmest
             seasons
             ,
             and
             time
             of
             the
             day
             ,
             (
             removing
             the
             Box
             of
             earth
             in
             ,
             and
             out
             ,
             as
             occasion
             is
             )
             or
             otherwise
             
               Housing
            
             may
             spoyle
             them
             ,
             and
             cause
             the
             branches
             ,
             and
             Twiggs
             to
             contract
             ,
             and
             become
             dry
             ;
             for
             as
             the
             Aire
             
               within
               dores
            
             is
             
               warmer
            
             then
             that
             
               without
               ,
            
             so
             al●o
             it
             is
             
               dryer
               ,
            
             and
             does
             exhaust
             and
             dry
             the
             Plants
             more
             ,
             therefore
             they
             have
             need
             sometimes
             of
             the
             moist
             Aire
             without
             .
          
        
         
           
             Experiments
             touching
             the
             putting
             back
             ,
             or
             Retardation
             of
             germination
             .
          
           
             
               TO
               make
               Roses
               come
               late
               .
            
             First
             ,
             
               cut
               them
               after
               bearing
               .
            
             
          
           
             This
             may
             be
             a
             meanes
             as
             to
             
               some
               Rose-trees
               ,
            
             
             that
             is
             ,
             such
             as
             are
             
               old
               :
            
             I
             have
             knowne
             some
             of
             long
             standing
             ,
             perhaps
             a
             dozen
             ,
             sixteene
             ,
             
             or
             twenty
             yeares
             of
             age
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             seaven
             ,
             or
             eight
             yea●es
             ,
             (
             cut
             newly
             after
             bearing
             )
             have
             borne
             Roses
             againe
             ,
             a
             sec●nd
             time
             ,
             late
             in
             the
             yeare
             ,
             being
             cut
             the
             next
             
               full
               moone
               ,
            
             after
             they
             have
             done
             bearing
             ;
             but
             there
             is
             a
             kind
             I
             have
             (
             amongst
             many
             other
             k●nds
             )
             which
             naturally
             beares
             a
             second
             time
             ,
             although
             the
             tree
             be
             but
             small
             and
             young
             ;
             besides
             the
             
               Rose
            
             called
             the
             
               Monthly
               Rose
               .
            
          
           
             
             Secondly
             ,
             
               Pulling
               off
               the
               buds
               of
               the
               Roses
               that
               first
               spring
               forth
               .
            
          
           
             
             I
             have
             try'd
             this
             second
             way
             ,
             which
             succeeded
             not
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             ,
             because
             the
             trees
             were
             
               young
            
             ;
             but
             one
             affirmed
             he
             pluckt
             off
             some
             Buds
             in
             the
             
               spring
               ,
            
             and
             the
             tree
             bore
             Roses
             in
             November
             .
          
           
             
             Thirdly
             ,
             
               Cutting
               top
               Boughes
               in
               the
               spring
               .
            
          
           
             
             This
             hath
             b●en
             tryed
             also
             ,
             but
             was
             ineffectuall
             ,
             but
             the
             tryall
             was
             upon
             
               young
               trees
            
             ;
             as
             for
             the
             Report
             that
             followes
             in
             this
             
               Experim●nt
               of
               Cyons
               perishing
               ,
               if
               the
               old
               top
               boughes
               be
               cut
               off●
            
             it
             is
             otherw●se
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             a
             common
             Experiment
             to
             cut
             off
             all
             the
             boughs
             of
             a
             tree
             ,
             and
             to
             graft
             them
             ,
             and
             the
             Grafts
             will
             not
             only
             not
             perish
             ,
             but
             grow
             the
             better
             therefore
             ;
             as
             having
             all
             the
             s●p
             to
             themselves
             ,
             which
             naturally
             riseth
             (
             the
             sunne
             also
             drawing
             it
             up
             )
             without
             the
             help
             of
             any
             top
             bough
             left
             ,
             as
             continuall
             Experience
             sh●wes
             .
          
           
             
             Fourthly
             ,
             
               Laying
               the
               Roots
               bare
               about
               the
               end
               of
               December
               .
            
          
           
             
             M●ny
             hundred●
             of
             trees
             are
             thus
             
               bared
               ,
            
             yet
             I
             find
             no
             difference
             at
             all
             in
             the
             
               late
               budding
               ,
            
             or
             
               bearing
            
             of
             such
             trees
             ,
             from
             others
             .
          
           
             
             Fifthly
             ,
             
               Removing
               the
               tree
               some
               Months
               before
               it
               buddeth
               .
            
          
           
             
             This
             hath
             been
             done
             ,
             but
             the
             Trees
             being
             removed
             so
             unseasonably
             (
             too
             late
             )
             they
             grew
             poorely
             ,
             so
             the
             end
             was
             not
             attained
             .
          
           
             
             Sixthly
             ,
             
               Grafting
               Roses
               in
               May
               .
            
          
           
             
             I
             know
             an
             ingenious
             Ge●tleman
             that
             tryed
             this
             Experiment●
             
             Inoculating
             Buds
             in
             the
             spring
             ,
             which
             budded
             for
             Roses
             at
             the
             same
             time
             that
             others
             (
             of
             the
             same
             kind
             )
             did
             ;
             which
             buds
             being
             cut
             off
             they
             bore
             Roses
             afterwards
             ,
             the
             same
             yeare
             ,
             when
             others
             were
             gone
             .
          
           
             Seaventhly
             ,
             
             
               Girding
               the
               body
               of
               the
               tree
               with
               some
               Packthread
               .
            
          
           
             This
             will
             not
             do
             it
             neither
             ,
             
             we
             see
             commonly
             that
             grafts
             tyed
             straight
             with
             strong
             flaggs
             ,
             and
             some
             branches
             of
             wall-trees
             nailed
             straight
             to
             the
             wall
             ,
             so
             that
             I
             have
             seene
             the
             bark
             dinted
             in
             with
             the
             straitnesse
             of
             the
             Lether
             ,
             yet
             for
             all
             that
             sap
             riseth
             plentifully
             ,
             through
             the
             place
             so
             girded
             ,
             up
             into
             the
             branch
             .
          
           
             Eightly
             ,
             
             
               Planting
               them
               in
               the
               shade
               .
            
          
           
             I
             have
             knowne
             
               Rose-trees
               in
               a
               shady
               place
               ,
            
             
             which
             have
             not
             bore
             at
             all
             ,
             it
             s
             a
             tree
             that
             loves
             the
             sunne
             .
             So
             that
             I
             suppose
             this
             Experiment
             will
             not
             hold
             :
             I
             have
             try'd
             it
             in
             one
             or
             too
             ,
             and
             it
             succeeds
             not
             .
          
        
         
           
             Experiments
             touching
             the
             Melioration
             of
             Fruits
             ,
             Trees
             ,
             and
             Plants
             .
          
           
             
               AN
               heape
               of
               Flint
               ,
               or
               stone
               laid
               about
               the
               bottome
               of
               a
               Tree
               upon
               the
               fi●st
               Planting
               ,
               mak●s
               it
               prosper
               much
               .
            
             
          
           
             
               Stones
            
             laid
             to
             the
             
               Roots
               of
               Fruit-trees
               ,
            
             
             when
             newly
             set
             ,
             is
             a
             good
             Experiment
             in
             some
             grounds
             ,
             but
             not
             in
             all
             :
             its
             true
             ,
             
               stones
            
             so
             laid
             ,
             keep
             the
             Roote
             of
             the
             Tree
             somewhat
             more
             
               moist
               ,
            
             and
             
               warme
               ,
            
             and
             
               stedy
               ,
            
             that
             winds
             shake
             it
             not
             ,
             and
             
               so
            
             are
             profitable
             ,
             but
             there
             is
             danger
             (
             in
             some
             grounds
             )
             le●t
             they
             harbor●Ants
             
               ,
            
             or
             
               Pismires
               ,
            
             about
             the
             Tree
             Root
             ,
             under
             the
             stones
             ,
             which
             I
             have
             seen
             ,
             to
             the
             hurt
             ,
             and
             destruction
             of
             divers
             young
             trees
             .
             But
             it
             is
             a
             s●fer
             ,
             and
             better
             way
             to
             lay
             a
             good
             quantity
             of
             
               rotten
               dung
               ,
            
             or
             
               litter
               ,
               straw
               &c.
            
             round
             about
             the
             
               Roots
            
             of
             
               new
               set
               Trees
               ,
            
             upon
             the
             top
             of
             the
             mould
             ,
             this
             keeps
             them
             
               warme
            
             in
             winter
             ,
             and
             coole
             and
             moist
             in
             sommer
             ,
             and
             
               Stedy
               ,
            
             and
             the
             
               moisture
               ,
            
             and
             
               fatnesse
            
             of
             the
             
               muck
            
             
             sokes
             downe
             to
             the
             Roots
             ,
             and
             refreshes
             the
             tree
             very
             much
             :
             or
             for
             want
             thereof
             ,
             lay
             
               a
               heap
               of
               weeds
            
             round
             about
             the
             new
             set
             t●ee
             Root●
             ,
             and
             so
             all
             the
             next
             sommer
             af●er
             ;
             these
             things
             are
             speciall
             advantages
             to
             new
             set
             t●ees
             .
          
           
             
             
               A
               Tr●e
               at
               fi●st
               setting
               should
               not
               be
               shaken
               ,
               but
               a●ter
               a
               yeares
               ro●ti●g
               th●n
               s●aking
               is
               good
               .
            
          
           
             
             When
             
               y●ung
               Trees
            
             are
             first
             planted
             ,
             it
             s
             very
             convenient
             to
             set
             a
             st●ke
             to
             each
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             tye
             them
             together
             with
             a
             hay
             band
             ,
             or
             some
             ●o●t
             band
             ,
             that
             winds
             shake
             them
             not
             :
             and
             this
             not
             for
             a
             yeare
             only
             ,
             but
             divers
             yeares
             ,
             untill
             the
             young
             trees
             be
             we●l
             rooted
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             also
             be
             growne
             strong
             ,
             that
             the
             winds
             ●ow
             not
             their
             bodie●
             ,
             and
             cause
             them
             to
             grow
             crooked
             ,
             which
             fault
             I
             have
             seene
             in
             very
             many
             trees
             .
          
           
             
             
               Cutting
               away
               suckers
               ,
               and
               side
               boughes
               ,
               make
               trees
               grow
               high
               .
            
          
           
             
             All
             
               su●k●rs
            
             must
             be
             cut
             away
             from
             the
             Roots
             of
             Trees
             ;
             And
             as
             for
             
               side
               branches
               ,
            
             those
             may
             be
             cut
             as
             men
             are
             minded
             to
             have
             their
             Trees
             to
             spread
             neerer
             ,
             or
             high●r
             from
             the
             ground
             :
             but
             cu●
             not
             the
             side
             branches
             too
             soone
             ,
             b●fore
             the
             body
             be
             growne
             stro●g
             enough
             to
             beare
             the
             head
             ,
             else
             it
             will
             be
             top
             heavy
             ,
             and
             g●ow
             crooked
             .
          
           
             
             
               To
               have
               many
               new
               Roots
               of
               Fruit-trees
               ,
               lay
               the
               Branches
               in
               the
               g●ound
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
             The
             branch●s
             of
             all
             kinds
             of
             trees
             will
             not
             take
             Roote
             thus
             ,
             Thi●
             way
             of
             P●opagation
             is
             only
             for
             
               some
               kinds
               ,
            
             As
             
               Mulberries
               ,
               Fig●
               ,
               Vine●
               ,
               Q●o●li●gs
               ,
               Nurs-gardens
               ,
            
             and
             some
             other
             kinds
             of
             T●ee●
             ,
             whose
             branc●●s
             are
             sof●
             ,
             and
             porous
             .
             As
             for
             
               Aprecots
               ,
               P●aches
               ,
            
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             they
             will
             not
             take
             Roote
             thus
             :
             I
             have
             try'd
             ,
             but
             not
             one
             Roote
             could
             be
             got
             ,
             neither
             will
             they
             take
             w●●h
             
               graft●ng
               ,
            
             I
             have
             try'd
             many
             .
             The
             way
             to
             propagate
             these
             kind●
             ,
             is
             by
             
               Inocula●ing
            
             bu●s
             upon
             young
             stocks
             ,
             full
             of
             ●ap
             .
          
           
             
             
               From
               May
               to
               Iuly
               you
               may
               take
               off
               the
               barke
               of
               any
               bough
               &c.
               and
               set
               it
               ,
               and
               it
               will
               grow
               to
               be
               a
               faire
               tree
               in
               one
               yeare
               ,
               the
               cause
               
               may
               be
               for
               that
               the
               baring
               from
               the
               barke
               keepeth
               the
               sap
               from
               descending
               towards
               winter
               .
            
          
           
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             
             that
             the
             Boughes
             of
             
               some
               kinds
               of
               trees
            
             will
             take
             Roote
             in
             this
             manner
             as
             is
             here
             exprest
             ;
             that
             is
             ,
             such
             kinds
             as
             will
             take
             roote
             with
             laying
             downe
             in
             the
             ground
             ,
             mentioned
             in
             the
             last
             Experiment
             ;
             which
             being
             cut
             off
             and
             set
             ,
             may
             grow
             to
             be
             a
             f●ire
             tree
             in
             certaine
             yeares
             ,
             not
             in
             one
             yeare
             (
             as
             is
             said
             )
             for
             the
             Roots
             (
             got
             in
             this
             manner
             )
             are
             but
             small
             ,
             and
             very
             disproportionable
             to
             the
             bough
             ,
             so
             that
             it
             can
             come
             on
             but
             very
             poorely
             ,
             and
             slowly
             ,
             for
             divers
             yeares
             :
             As
             for
             
               the
               baring
               from
               the
               barke
               ,
            
             which
             is
             supposed
             to
             keepe
             sap
             from
             
               descending
               towards
               Winter
            
             ;
             I
             say
             ,
             the
             sap
             is
             as
             farre
             from
             
               descending
            
             when
             the
             barke
             is
             on
             ,
             as
             when
             t
             is
             off
             ;
             there
             's
             no
             such
             thing
             in
             nature
             as
             
               descention
               of
               sap
            
             in
             any
             trees
             whatsoever
             .
          
           
             This
             worthy
             Authour
             took
             this
             upon
             trust
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             generall
             opinion
             of
             men
             ,
             for
             had
             he
             but
             stayed
             a
             little
             to
             consider
             it
             ,
             he
             would
             have
             found
             it
             groundlesse
             ,
             and
             a
             meere
             conceit
             ;
             For
             all
             the
             sap
             that
             
               asscends
            
             into
             the
             body
             and
             bran●hes
             of
             a
             tree
             ,
             is
             changed
             into
             
               wood
               ,
               barke
               ,
               buds
               ,
               blossomes
               ,
               leaves
               ,
            
             and
             
               fruits
               ,
            
             it
             is
             turned
             into
             that
             body
             and
             substance
             which
             we
             see
             above
             ground
             ,
             and
             none
             at
             all
             
               descends
            
             at
             any
             time
             ;
             for
             there
             is
             no
             
               Cause
               ,
            
             and
             therefore
             no
             such
             
               effect
            
             :
             sap
             is
             continually
             
               asscending
            
             all
             the
             yeare
             long
             ,
             more
             ,
             or
             lesse
             ,
             either
             for
             the
             growth
             of
             the
             tree
             ,
             or
             for
             the
             
               conservation
               of
               it
            
             in
             life
             ,
             and
             in
             all
             its
             dimension●
             :
             for
             there
             is
             a
             continuall
             
               extraction
               of
               sap
            
             out
             of
             the
             
               body
               ,
               boughes
               ,
            
             and
             
               branches
               ,
            
             by
             the
             sunne
             ,
             and
             aire
             ,
             as
             this
             Au●hour
             elsewhere
             asserts
             ,
             and
             which
             Experience
             proves
             .
             Now
             if
             there
             were
             at
             any
             time
             ,
             a
             
               descention
            
             also
             ,
             what
             then
             would
             become
             of
             the
             tree
             ,
             it
             would
             q●ickly
             wither
             ,
             be
             cont●acted
             ,
             and
             shrinke
             apparently
             :
             whosoever
             is
             unsatisfied
             with
             what
             is
             here
             said
             against
             
               descention
               of
               sap
               in
               trees
               ,
            
             may
             see
             (
             hereof
             )
             more
             largely
             many
             Arguments
             against
             it
             in
             my
             
               Treatise
               of
               Fruit-trees●
            
             pag.
             100.101.102
             .
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               If
               Trees
               beare
               not
               ,
               bore
               a
               hole
               through
               the
               heart
               of
               the
               tree
               ,
            
             
             
               and
               it
               will
               beare
               .
            
          
           
             Perhaps
             this
             course
             may
             do
             some
             good
             in
             letting
             out
             
               superfluous
               sap
               ,
            
             
             if
             too
             much
             repletion
             be
             the
             
               cause
            
             :
             But
             there
             are
             divers
             
             other
             Causes
             of
             
               barrennesse
               of
               Fruit-trees
            
             :
             As
             
               too
               deepe
               setting
               ,
            
             the
             Roots
             running
             downe
             into
             
               gravell
               ,
               Clay
               ,
               water
               &c.
            
             which
             must
             have
             answerable
             remedies
             .
             And
             sometimes
             it
             is
             in
             the
             
               nature
               of
               the
               trees
               :
            
             that
             all
             the
             culture
             in
             the
             world
             used
             to
             the
             
               Roots
               ,
            
             and
             
               body
            
             will
             not
             help
             ,
             without
             
               engrafting
            
             the
             branches
             with
             Grafts
             of
             some
             good
             
               bearing
               kinds
               ,
            
             which
             is
             the
             best
             way
             I
             know
             to
             have
             store
             of
             good
             fruits
             ,
             (
             and
             speedily
             too
             )
             from
             
               barren
               trees
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               To
               make
               Trees
               beare
               ,
               cleave
               the
               chiefe
               Roots
               ,
               and
               put
               in
               a
               small
               pebble
               .
            
          
           
             
             This
             may
             be
             profitable
             not
             only
             for
             that
             the
             
               Roote
            
             may
             be
             
               bark-bound
               ,
            
             as
             well
             as
             the
             body
             ,
             and
             branches
             (
             which
             must
             be
             scored
             downe
             ,
             and
             cut
             to
             the
             wood
             )
             but
             also
             it
             will
             cause
             the
             Roots
             to
             shoote
             forth
             many
             young
             small
             Roots
             at
             the
             place
             opened
             ,
             which
             will
             afford
             more
             vigour
             ,
             life
             ,
             and
             sap
             to
             the
             branches
             ,
             and
             so
             make
             the
             tree
             stronger
             ,
             and
             more
             in
             heart
             ,
             and
             able
             to
             bring
             forth
             more
             ,
             and
             fairer
             fruits
             .
          
           
             
             
               Trees
               against
               a
               south-wall
               have
               more
               of
               the
               heate
               of
               the
               sunne
               ,
               then
               when
               they
               grow
               round
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Aprecots
               ,
               Peaches
               ,
            
             and
             such
             like
             cold
             fruits
             will
             scarce
             ripen
             but
             against
             a
             south-wall
             :
             they
             have
             need
             both
             of
             the
             direct
             ,
             and
             reflex
             beames
             of
             the
             sunne
             :
             And
             if
             it
             were
             more
             practised
             to
             set
             some
             other
             
               choice
               kinds
               of
               fruits
            
             upon
             a
             
               south-wall
            
             (
             as
             the
             
               great
               Burgaim●t
               ,
               sommer
               Boncriteu
               ,
               Greene-field
               Peare
               ,
            
             and
             other
             speciall
             kinds
             )
             this
             would
             advantage
             them
             greatly
             ,
             not
             only
             in
             
               bignesse
               ,
            
             but
             also
             in
             their
             
               early
               ripening
               ,
               and
               goodnesse
               of
               tast
            
             ;
             thus
             ,
             
               one
               ,
            
             or
             a
             few
             ,
             would
             be
             worth
             
               many
               ordinary
               ones
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Some
               pull
               off
               the
               leaves
               from
               wall-trees
               ,
               that
               the
               sunne
               may
               come
               the
               better
               upon
               the
               boughs
               and
               fruit
               .
            
          
           
             
             This
             may
             
               hasten
               ripening
               ,
            
             but
             I
             conceive
             it
             hinders
             the
             
               bignesse
            
             of
             the
             fruits
             ,
             the
             sunne
             ripening
             them
             before
             they
             have
             attained
             their
             naturall
             greatnesse
             :
             in
             case
             it
             prove
             
               then
            
             very
             hot
             weather
             :
             so
             that
             if
             leaves
             be
             pulled
             off
             ,
             it
             should
             not
             be
             till
             fruits
             are
             at
             biggest
             .
          
           
           
             
               The
               lownesse
               of
               the
               bough
               ,
            
             
             
               maketh
               the
               fruit
               greater
               ;
               and
               to
               ripen
               b●tter
               ,
               &c.
               
               Graft
               a
               tree
               low
               ,
               and
               maintaine
               only
               the
               lower
               bough●
               .
            
          
           
             
               Low
               trees
               ,
            
             
             and
             the
             
               lower
               boughs
               of
               high
               trees
               ,
            
             have
             their
             fruit
             ripe
             somewhat
             
               sooner
            
             then
             the
             
               higher
               ,
            
             because
             they
             have
             some
             benefit
             by
             the
             
               reflection
            
             of
             the
             
               sunne
            
             from
             the
             
               Earth
               ,
            
             as
             well
             as
             from
             the
             wall
             ;
             (
             if
             they
             grow
             against
             a
             wall
             ,
             )
             but
             that
             the
             
               fruits
               are
               greater
            
             on
             
               lower
               ,
            
             then
             on
             
               higher
               boughs
               ,
            
             I
             perceive
             not
             ;
             I
             am
             sure
             I
             have
             seene
             sometimes
             
               faire
            
             fruit
             on
             the
             
               higher
               boughes
               ,
            
             and
             but
             
               small
            
             on
             the
             
               lower
               ,
            
             in
             case
             the
             branches
             of
             a
             wall-tree
             have
             beene
             permitted
             to
             grow
             straight
             upwards
             ,
             without
             bowing
             downe
             along
             the
             wall
             ,
             as
             most
             commonly
             they
             be
             ,
             and
             the
             reason
             is
             plaine
             because
             the
             most
             ,
             and
             greatest
             quantity
             of
             sap
             presseth
             upwards
             ,
             and
             leaveth
             the
             side
             branches
             indigent
             of
             sap
             ,
             whereby
             they
             grow
             poorely
             ,
             and
             some
             even
             dye
             for
             want
             of
             sap
             :
             now
             according
             to
             the
             quantity
             of
             sap
             in
             branches
             ,
             so
             are
             the
             fruits
             ,
             
               smaller
               ,
            
             or
             
               greater
               .
            
             It
             is
             true
             indeed
             ,
             many
             
               little
               ,
            
             and
             
               low
               trees
               ,
            
             if
             they
             be
             vigorous
             ,
             and
             shoote
             well
             ,
             beare
             very
             
               large
               fruits
               ,
            
             it
             may
             be
             larger
             then
             high
             trees
             of
             the
             same
             kinds
             :
             but
             this
             is
             not
             because
             
               low
               ,
            
             but
             because
             they
             are
             more
             lively
             ,
             and
             vigorous
             then
             the
             other
             .
             And
             if
             we
             should
             graft
             a
             Tree
             
               low
               ,
            
             and
             maintaine
             only
             the
             
               low●r
               branches
               ,
            
             by
             continually
             cutting
             off
             the
             
               higher
               ,
            
             this
             would
             much
             enfeeble
             the
             tree
             ,
             by
             deg●ees
             by
             obstructing
             of
             the
             s●p
             ,
             and
             the
             fruit
             would
             be
             accordingly
             .
             But
             the
             b●st
             way
             to
             order
             a
             wall-tree
             that
             shoots
             upwards
             strongly
             ,
             is
             to
             bow
             those
             strong
             branches
             along
             the
             wall
             both
             waies
             ,
             and
             then
             there
             will
             be
             as
             
               large
               fruits
            
             on
             the
             
               lower
               ,
            
             as
             on
             the
             
               higher
               boughes
               ,
            
             and
             
               sooner
               ripe
               .
            
          
           
             
               To
               have
               fruit
               in
               greater
               plenty
               the
               way
               is
               ,
            
             
             
               to
               graft
               not
               only
               upon
               young
               st●cks
               ,
               but
               upon
               divers
               boughs
               of
               an
               old
               tree
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             It
             is
             an
             excellent
             Experiment
             to
             graft
             the
             boughes
             of
             an
             
               old
               tree
               ,
            
             
             (
             that
             is
             a
             
               bad
               bearer
               ,
            
             or
             bears
             
               bad
               fruits
            
             )
             with
             grafts
             of
             some
             
               speciall
               good
               bearing
               kinds
               ,
            
             for
             this
             will
             have
             large
             branches
             and
             beare
             fruits
             ,
             even
             in
             a
             yeare
             or
             two
             :
             so
             that
             it
             is
             a
             very
             unwise
             course
             of
             many
             who
             (
             when
             some
             of
             their
             trees
             beare
             not
             as
             they
             would
             have
             them
             )
             cut
             them
             downe
             ,
             and
             set
             young
             ones
             in
             their
             Roome
             ,
             which
             cannot
             possibly
             attaine
             the
             bignesse
             of
             the
             former
             ,
             in
             many
             yeares
             .
          
           
           
             
             
               Digging
               yearely
               about
               the
               Roots
               of
               Trees
               is
               a
               great
               meanes
               both
               to
               the
               acc●leration
               ,
               and
               melioration
               of
               fruits
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
             
               Old
               trees
            
             that
             grow
             in
             
               stiffe
               ,
               cold
               clay
               grounds
            
             have
             most
             neede
             to
             be
             
               dug
               about
               yearely
               ,
            
             that
             thereby
             the
             gound
             may
             be
             more
             open
             ,
             and
             mellow
             ;
             but
             for
             
               young
               trees
            
             of
             few
             yeares
             standing
             ,
             (
             especially
             if
             in
             
               sandy●
               mell●w
               grounds
            
             )
             these
             have
             little
             ,
             or
             no
             neede
             at
             all
             of
             
               digging
               about
               :
            
             To
             
               dig
               about
               Roses
               ,
            
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             which
             g●ow
             nee●e
             the
             top
             of
             the
             ground●
             I
             conceive
             it
             is
             needlesse
             ,
             for
             this
             w●rk
             is
             chi●fly
             to
             open
             the
             earth
             about
             
               old
               fruit-trees
            
             (
             whose
             Roo●s
             are
             growne
             great
             ,
             and
             deepe
             ,
             )
             that
             the
             
               Rain●
               ,
               Snow
               ,
            
             and
             
               Sunne
            
             in
             win●er
             ,
             may
             reach
             the
             
               bottome
               Roots
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               A
               Fruit-tree
               almost
               blowne
               up
               by
               the
               Roots
               ,
               and
               set
               up
               againe
               ,
               the
               n●xt
               yeare
               bore
               exceedingly
               :
               loosing
               the
               earth
               ,
               comforteth
               any
               Tree
               .
            
          
           
             
             I
             was
             (
             not
             long
             since
             )
             at
             the
             raising
             up
             of
             a
             couple
             of
             faire
             
               App●e-trees
            
             blowne
             downe
             ,
             the
             one
             Rooted
             ,
             and
             bore
             well
             afterwards
             :
             the
             other
             died
             .
             Though
             
               digging
               about
               the
               Roots
            
             sometimes
             be
             good
             ,
             yet
             overmuch
             
               digging
               ,
               and
               loosening
               the
               earth
               about
               the
               Roots
               of
               trees
               ,
            
             will
             cause
             many
             to
             be
             blowne
             downe
             by
             great
             winds
             ,
             which
             will
             not
             fasten
             againe
             to
             abide
             a
             strong
             wind
             ,
             in
             many
             yeares
             ,
             if
             ever
             .
          
           
             
             
               To
               revive
               an
               old
               tree
               ,
               the
               digging
               of
               it
               about
               the
               Roots
               ,
               and
               applying
               new
               mould
               to
               the
               Roots
               ,
               is
               the
               way
               ,
               and
               change
               of
               mould
               to
               the
               better
               ,
               is
               pr●fitable
               .
            
          
           
             
             D●gg●ng
             (
             as
             hath
             beene
             said
             )
             with
             caution
             ,
             is
             good
             ,
             and
             
               change
               of
               m●uld
               ,
            
             if
             to
             the
             better
             ,
             is
             also
             very
             advantagious
             to
             f●ui●-●rees
             ,
             in
             case
             the
             soyle
             be
             
               barren
               ,
            
             but
             if
             it
             be
             
               very
               fat
               ,
            
             as
             some
             is
             ,
             (
             especially
             some
             pa●ticular
             places
             by
             acc●dent
             )
             then
             mould
             that
             is
             more
             
               sterill
               ,
               and
               hung●y
               ,
            
             will
             do
             better
             ;
             fo●overmuch
             
               re●l●tion
               ,
               and
               fertility
               may
               hinder
               fruitfulnesse
            
             ;
             and
             cause
             the
             ●ap
             to
             runne
             most
             into
             
               long
               shoots
               ,
               and
               broad
               leaves
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               sh●fting
               of
               ground
               ,
               is
               a
               meanes
               to
               better
               the
               Tree
               ,
               and
               fruit
               :
               and
               all
               things
               do
               prosper
               b●st
               ,
               when
               they
               are
               advanced
               to
               the
               better
               .
               And
               a
               Nu●sery
               ought
               to
               be
               in
               a
               more
               barren
               ground
               ,
               then
               the
               places
               whither
               they
               are
               transplanted
               .
            
          
           
           
             It
             is
             true
             :
             
             
               change
               of
               soyles
            
             sometimes
             is
             very
             good
             ,
             if
             to
             the
             
               better
            
             :
             but
             its
             true
             also
             ,
             that
             if
             trees
             grow
             in
             
               over
               ranke
               soyle
               ,
            
             then
             
               worse
            
             will
             be
             
               better
            
             ;
             that
             is
             ,
             will
             help
             more
             towards
             
               fruitfulnesse
            
             :
             as
             a
             course
             ,
             and
             meane
             fare
             is
             better
             for
             a
             fat
             man
             ,
             then
             the
             more
             delicious
             .
             Without
             controversy
             ,
             
               young
               trees
            
             out
             of
             
               barren
               Nurseries
            
             come
             on
             faster
             when
             
               transplanted
               ,
            
             then
             out
             of
             
               fat
               soyles
            
             ;
             but
             in
             case
             the
             Nursery
             be
             
               fat
               soyle
               ,
            
             then
             some
             other
             as
             good
             ,
             must
             be
             laid
             to
             their
             Roots
             when
             set
             againe
             .
          
           
             
               Hacking
               of
               Trees
               doth
               great
               good
               to
               Trees
               .
            
             
          
           
             After
             eight
             or
             tenne
             yeares
             growth
             ,
             
             
               cutting
               ,
               or
               scoring
               ,
               o●
               hacking
               the
               barke
               of
               trees
               with
               a
               knife
               ,
            
             is
             profitable
             ;
             but
             while
             they
             a●e
             young
             ,
             the
             Barke
             is
             but
             thin
             ,
             and
             tender
             ,
             and
             enlargeth
             well
             enough
             without
             
               this
               cutting
               ,
            
             unlesse
             some
             that
             through
             barrennesse
             of
             soyle
             (
             or
             other
             cause
             )
             are
             
               bark●
               bound
               .
            
          
           
             
               Shade
               to
               some
               plants
               conduceth
               to
               make
               them
               large
               ,
            
             
             
               and
               prosperous
               ,
               more
               then
               Sunne
               ,
               As
               in
               strawberries
               ,
               and
               Baies
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             
             
               Baies
               and
               Lawrell
            
             prospereth
             better
             in
             the
             
               Shade
            
             then
             in
             the
             
               Sunne
               ,
            
             being
             Hot
             Plants
             ,
             but
             
               Strawberries
            
             do
             better
             ,
             partly
             in
             the
             
               shade
               ,
            
             and
             partly
             in
             the
             
               sunne
            
             ;
             then
             in
             
               shade
            
             only
             :
             as
             ●mong
             Bushes
             ,
             and
             other
             plants
             :
             I
             have
             observed
             those
             in
             the
             
               shade
               ,
            
             to
             beare
             little
             ,
             or
             nothing
             :
             when
             others
             of
             the
             same
             kind
             ,
             and
             growth
             ,
             somewhat
             in
             the
             sunne
             ,
             bore
             very
             much
             .
          
           
             
               Pulling
               off
               many
               blossomes
               from
               a
               fruit-tree
               ,
               doth
               make
               the
               fruit
               fairer
               :
            
             
             
               and
               if
               some
               blossomes
               be
               not
               pulled
               off
               the
               fi●st
               time
               a
               tree
               bloometh
               ,
               it
               will
               blossome
               it selfe
               to
               death
               .
            
          
           
             Commonly
             the
             fewer
             blossoms
             upon
             a
             tree
             ,
             
             the
             fairer
             will
             the
             fruit
             be
             ,
             because
             (
             as
             the
             Authour
             saies
             )
             of
             the
             plenty
             of
             sap
             :
             And
             indeed
             in
             case
             a
             tree
             
               newly
               planted
               ,
            
             blossome
             very
             much
             ,
             and
             the
             Roote
             be
             but
             weake
             (
             which
             may
             be
             perceived
             by
             the
             weaknesse
             of
             the
             buds
             )
             then
             its
             best
             to
             pull
             off
             
               most
               ,
            
             if
             not
             
               all
               the
               blossomes
               :
            
             but
             many
             I
             have
             knowne
             (
             the
             first
             yeares
             planting
             ,
             )
             take
             Roote
             so
             strongly
             ,
             (
             being
             in
             good
             mo●ld
             ,
             )
             as
             that
             they
             
               blossome
               ,
               and
               shoot
               forth
               ,
            
             and
             beare
             faire
             fruits
             the
             same
             yeare
             .
          
           
           
             
             
               It
               w●re
               good
               to
               try
               what
               would
               be
               the
               ●ff●ct
               ,
               if
               all
               the
               blossomes
               were
               pulled
               from
               a
               Fruit-tree
               ,
               for
               two
               yeares
               together
               .
            
          
           
             
             Fruit-trees
             that
             beare
             but
             every
             other
             yeare
             they
             (
             for
             the
             most
             p●rt
             )
             beare
             that
             yeare
             very
             plentifully
             ;
             and
             the
             exc●ssive
             expence
             of
             sap
             ●hat
             yeare
             (
             its
             like
             )
             makes
             the
             tree
             more
             feeble
             the
             next
             :
             but
             if
             
               blossomes
               be
               pulled
               ●ff
               a
               yeare
               or
               two
               together
            
             :
             I
             suppose
             the
             sap
             would
             go
             mo●e
             into
             the
             
               shoots
               ,
            
             and
             ma●e
             them
             larger
             then
             if
             it
             bore
             fruits
             ;
             and
             the
             issue
             a●
             to
             bearing
             
               more
               ,
            
             or
             
               better
               f●uits
               ,
            
             would
             be
             nothing
             worth
             .
          
           
             
             
               There
               is
               no
               doubt
               but
               that
               Grafting
               (
               for
               the
               most
               part
               )
               doth
               m●liorate
               fruit
               ;
               The
               cause
               is
               manifest
               ,
               for
               that
               the
               nourishment
               is
               better
               prepared
               in
               the
               stocke
               ,
               then
               in
               the
               crude
               earth
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Grafting
            
             doth
             not
             at
             all
             
               meliorate
               the
               fruit
               ,
            
             simply
             in
             it
             s●lfe
             :
             for
             a
             ●ice
             will
             not
             be
             the
             better
             for
             
               Grafting
               ,
            
             unlesse
             the
             grafts
             be
             taken
             from
             a
             good
             tree
             .
             If
             the
             tree
             from
             which
             grafts
             are
             cut
             ,
             be
             no
             better
             then
             the
             tree
             which
             is
             grafted
             ,
             then
             grafting
             will
             not
             a
             jot
             mend
             the
             fruit
             ;
             which
             it
             would
             ,
             if
             
               grafting
            
             were
             any
             thing
             towards
             the
             
               bettering
               of
               the
               fruit
               .
            
             The
             cause
             why
             
               Grafted
               trees
            
             beare
             better
             fruits
             ,
             then
             
               wild
               ungraf●ed
               trees
               ,
            
             is
             not
             because
             they
             are
             
               grafted
               ,
            
             but
             because
             the
             
               graf●s
               are
               good
               ,
            
             the
             tree
             from
             which
             the
             grafts
             are
             cut
             ,
             is
             of
             
               a
               good
               kind
               ,
               and
               nature
               ,
            
             and
             every
             
               ●wig
               ,
               graft
               ,
               and
               bud
               ,
            
             hath
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             whole
             tree
             in
             it
             ,
             perfectly
             ;
             the
             properties
             of
             the
             tree
             are
             in
             all
             ,
             and
             every
             part
             ,
             as
             the
             soule
             in
             the
             body
             ,
             which
             is
             
               tota
               in
               toto
               ,
               &
               tota
               in
               qualibet
               pa●te
            
             ;
             and
             the
             grafts
             retaine
             the
             nature
             ,
             and
             properties
             being
             grafted
             upon
             wild
             stocks
             ,
             and
             bring
             forth
             fruits
             accordingly
             :
             and
             that
             's
             the
             
               cause
               that
               grafting
               doth
               meliorate
               the
               fruit
               ,
            
             and
             not
             because
             
               the
               nourishment
               is
               better
               prepared
               in
               the
               stock
               ,
               then
               in
               the
               crude
               earth
               ,
            
             for
             the
             branches
             of
             an
             ungrafted
             tree
             do
             no
             more
             receive
             nourishment
             from
             the
             crude
             earth
             ,
             then
             the
             branches
             of
             a
             grafted
             tree
             :
             but
             the
             s●p
             ,
             and
             nourishment
             ,
             passeth
             up
             a
             body
             ,
             or
             stock
             to
             the
             branches
             ,
             in
             the
             one
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             in
             the
             other
             .
          
           
             And
             as
             i●
             i●
             true
             that
             the
             
               Peach
               and
               Melocot●ne
            
             do
             beare
             good
             fr●its
             comming
             up
             of
             stone●
             ,
             (
             which
             is
             not
             alwaies
             so
             neither
             ,
             only
             here
             and
             there
             one
             )
             so
             it
             is
             true
             also
             that
             they
             beare
             as
             good
             fruits
             of
             the
             
               bud
               ,
            
             being
             
               Inoculated
               .
            
          
           
           
             
               It
               hath
               beene
               received
               ,
            
             
             
               that
               a
               smaller
               Peare
               grafted
               upon
               a
               stock
               that
               beareth
               a
               greater
               Peare
               ,
               will
               become
               great
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             It
             is
             true
             (
             as
             the
             Authour
             thinks
             )
             that
             this
             will
             not
             succeed
             ;
             
             because
             the
             
               Grafts
               do
               governe
               ,
            
             they
             alwaies
             bring
             forth
             fruit
             answerable
             to
             their
             owne
             natures
             and
             kinds
             ,
             else
             it
             were
             to
             little
             purpose
             to
             get
             Grafts
             from
             such
             ,
             or
             such
             a
             good
             Tree
             ,
             to
             have
             more
             of
             the
             kind
             .
             Yet
             it
             is
             true
             also
             that
             the
             
               stock
            
             hath
             some
             influence
             upon
             the
             
               Graft
               ,
            
             so
             as
             to
             make
             the
             fruit
             
               better
               ,
            
             or
             
               worse
               ,
            
             according
             to
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             stock
             ,
             in
             some
             
               small
               degree
               :
            
             As
             if
             we
             graft
             upon
             a
             
               stock
            
             that
             naturally
             beares
             a
             
               sower
               ,
               harsh
               fruit
               ,
            
             the
             fruit
             of
             the
             graft
             will
             not
             be
             altogether
             so
             pleasant
             as
             if
             it
             were
             grafted
             upon
             a
             
               stock
            
             that
             beares
             naturally
             
               a
               sweet
               ,
               and
               pleasant
               fruit
            
             :
             and
             hence
             it
             is
             that
             
               Peares
            
             grafted
             upon
             
               Quince-stocks
               ,
            
             will
             be
             more
             delicate
             ,
             then
             upon
             
               Peare-stocks
            
             ;
             The
             
               Quince-stock
            
             gives
             an
             excellent
             tast
             to
             it
             ,
             but
             these
             trees
             upon
             
               Quinces
            
             will
             never
             attaine
             to
             any
             great
             bignesse
             ,
             for
             all
             
               Quince-trees
            
             are
             but
             small
             in
             comparison
             of
             
               Peare-trees
               ,
            
             and
             where
             the
             stock
             can
             be
             but
             
               small
               ,
            
             the
             
               graft
            
             cannot
             be
             
               great
               ,
            
             yet
             (
             as
             I
             have
             seene
             it
             )
             somewhat
             bigger
             then
             the
             
               stock
               :
            
             As
             for
             a
             
               Peare
            
             upon
             a
             
               Thorne
            
             (
             which
             this
             Authour
             speakes
             of
             )
             it
             cannot
             be
             good
             ,
             it
             makes
             it
             a
             
               harsh
               ,
               hard
               Peare
               ,
            
             at
             the
             core
             ,
             if
             it
             thrive
             and
             beare
             ,
             but
             most
             commonly
             they
             dye
             in
             two
             ,
             or
             three
             yeares
             :
             we
             know
             its
             naturall
             fruit
             ,
             (
             
               Hawes
            
             )
             have
             stones
             in
             them
             :
             But
             for
             the
             
               Apple
            
             upon
             the
             
               Crab
               ,
            
             that
             's
             naturall
             ,
             the
             
               Crab
            
             being
             
               a
               wild
               apple
               ,
            
             and
             very
             proper
             to
             graft
             all
             sorts
             of
             Apples
             upon
             ,
             in
             regard
             of
             the
             
               soundnesse
               of
               the
               stock
               ,
            
             its
             
               long
               lasting
               ,
            
             and
             
               aptnesse
               to
               take
               with
               grafts
               ,
            
             and
             also
             when
             set
             in
             the
             ground
             ;
             although
             its
             true
             ,
             it
             makes
             the
             fruit
             somewhat
             more
             
               tart
               ,
            
             then
             the
             same
             fruit
             upon
             
               sweet
               apple-stocks
               .
            
          
           
             As
             concerning
             grafting
             
               Apples
               on
               Coleworts
               ,
               the
               kernells
               of
               which
               if
               set
               ,
               will
               be
               a
               Colewort
               ,
            
             if
             the
             thing
             be
             true
             ,
             then
             it
             confirmes
             what
             hath
             beene
             asserted
             ,
             that
             
               the
               seede
               of
               fruits
               when
               sowen
               ,
               bring
               forth
               a
               bastard
               fruit
               ,
               which
               pertakes
               as
               well
               of
               the
               stock
               ,
               as
               of
               the
               graft
            
             :
             Although
             it
             be
             true
             ,
             that
             the
             seeds
             of
             
               some
               Apples
               ,
               and
               Peares
               ,
            
             may
             bring
             forth
             very
             good
             fruit
             ,
             and
             the
             
               stones
            
             of
             some
             
               Peaches
               ,
            
             may
             bring
             forth
             the
             
               same
               fruits
               ,
            
             or
             neere
             as
             good
             :
             the
             cause
             ,
             of
             this
             (
             I
             suppose
             )
             is
             ,
             for
             that
             the
             stocks
             whereon
             these
             fruits
             were
             
               grafted
            
             or
             
               Inoculated
               ,
            
             were
             good
             kinds
             of
             themselves
             ;
             and
             if
             so
             ,
             no
             marvell
             though
             the
             seeds
             bring
             forth
             good
             fruits
             
             without
             
               Grafting
               ,
            
             or
             
               Inoculating
               :
            
             and
             I
             verily
             believe
             that
             
               P●aches
               ,
            
             (
             of
             which
             it
             is
             taken
             for
             granted
             (
             by
             some
             )
             that
             these
             come
             the
             same
             againe
             of
             stones
             )
             if
             they
             were
             
               Inoculated
            
             on
             
               harsh
               ,
               sower
               stocks
               ,
            
             and
             the
             stones
             of
             the
             fruit
             set
             ,
             they
             would
             not
             bring
             forth
             the
             ●ame
             ,
             but
             it
             would
             manifestly
             tast
             of
             the
             
               stock
               ,
            
             as
             well
             as
             of
             the
             
               bud
               Inoculated
               :
            
             as
             we
             see
             generally
             other
             kinds
             of
             
               stones
               ,
            
             and
             
               seedes
            
             do
             ;
             yea
             ,
             and
             upon
             the
             Experience
             of
             some
             others
             ,
             
               Peach-stones
            
             have
             brought
             forth
             a
             paltry
             ,
             naughty
             fruit
             ,
             many
             of
             them
             ,
             though
             some
             good
             :
             As
             concerning
             the
             
               grafting
               of
               an
               Apple
               Cions
               upon
               a
               Sallow
               ,
               Poplar
               ,
               Alder
               ,
               Elme
               ,
               or
               Horse
               plum
            
             ;
             it
             is
             in
             vaine
             to
             try
             ,
             for
             tryall
             hath
             beene
             made
             upon
             stoc●s
             neerer
             in
             kind
             then
             these
             ,
             and
             it
             would
             not
             come
             to
             perfection
             ,
             it
             will
             grow
             a
             yeare
             ,
             or
             two
             (
             it
             may
             be
             )
             and
             then
             decay
             ,
             and
             dye
             .
          
           
             
             
               Flowers
               R●moved
               wax
               greater
               ,
               because
               the
               nourishment
               is
               more
               easily
               come
               by
               in
               the
               loose
               earth
               :
               It
               may
               be
               that
               often
               regrafting
               of
               the
               same
               Cions
               may
               lik●wise
               make
               fruit
               greater
               .
            
          
           
             
             To
             
               r●move
               Flowers
            
             (
             small
             young
             Roots
             )
             into
             good
             fresh
             earth
             ,
             w●ll
             improve
             them
             in
             growth
             ,
             and
             bignesse
             :
             especially
             if
             withall
             some
             of
             the
             
               side-slips
               ,
            
             (
             and
             also
             of
             the
             
               buds
            
             which
             the
             Roote
             shoots
             up
             for
             ●lowers
             )
             be
             cut
             off●
             and
             some
             halfe
             a
             dozen
             ,
             or
             halfe
             a
             score
             of
             the
             
               buds
               ,
            
             or
             
               shoots
            
             be
             left
             to
             grow
             upon
             the
             Root
             ;
             the
             Roote
             then
             will
             be
             able
             to
             give
             plentifull
             nourishment
             to
             them
             ,
             whereby
             they
             will
             become
             
               much
               larger
               ,
            
             then
             if
             all
             the
             spindle
             buds
             were
             su●lered
             to
             grow
             .
          
           
             But
             as
             for
             
               often
               regrafting
               the
               same
               graft
            
             in
             order
             to
             make
             
               a
               larg
               fruit
            
             ;
             this
             will
             not
             do
             it
             ,
             for
             we
             see
             it
             is
             constantly
             done
             from
             yeare
             to
             yeare
             ;
             for
             what
             else
             is
             the
             cutting
             of
             g●●f●s
             from
             young
             trees
             (
             it
             may
             be
             of
             two
             ,
             or
             three
             ,
             or
             but
             of
             one
             yeares
             growth
             )
             and
             grafting
             them
             againe
             upon
             their
             sto●ks
             :
             and
             repeating
             this
             ●or
             many
             yea●es
             together
             ;
             and
             yet
             we
             know
             the
             grafts
             hold
             thei●
             owne
             naturall
             properties
             from
             one
             yeare
             to
             another
             .
             And
             though
             there
             be
             (
             as
             has
             beene
             said
             )
             some
             small
             alteratio●
             according
             to
             the
             kind
             of
             the
             stock
             
               while
               it
               growes
               upon
               it
               ,
            
             yet
             that
             alteration
             is
             lost
             ,
             and
             falls
             off
             ,
             when
             the
             graft
             is
             e●grafted
             ●pon
             another
             stock
             ,
             and
             the
             graft
             retaines
             its
             owne
             naturall
             properties
             only
             :
             with
             some
             small
             addition
             of
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             stock
             on
             which
             it
             (
             at
             present
             )
             growes
             .
          
           
           
             
               It
               maketh
               figs
               better●
            
             
             
               if
               a
               fig-tree
               when
               it
               beginneth
               to
               put
               forth
               leaves
               ,
               have
               his
               top
               cut
               off
               .
            
          
           
             If
             the
             
               fig-tree
            
             be
             very
             old
             ,
             
             
               cutting
               off
               the
               top
            
             may
             be
             profitable
             ;
             for
             that
             such
             cutting
             (
             as
             in
             all
             other
             trees
             )
             maketh
             the
             sap
             shoot
             forth
             into
             branches
             
               more
               vigorously
               ,
            
             then
             otherwise
             it
             would
             ;
             by
             which
             lively
             rising
             of
             sap
             ,
             the
             whole
             tree
             ,
             and
             the
             fruit
             upon
             it
             ,
             fares
             the
             better
             :
             but
             if
             the
             
               tops
               of
               young-trees
               be
               cut
               off
               ,
            
             (
             
               fig-trees
            
             or
             other
             )
             there
             will
             shoot
             forth
             (
             in
             the
             roome
             thereof
             )
             such
             
               huge
               strong
               shoots
               ,
            
             that
             the
             maine
             streame
             of
             sap
             will
             runne
             that
             way
             ,
             which
             great
             shoots
             will
             be
             for
             a
             yeare
             ,
             or
             two
             (
             it
             may
             be
             )
             
               unfruitfull
               .
            
          
           
             
               It
               is
               reported
               ,
               that
               Mulberries
               will
               be
               fairer
               ,
            
             
             
               and
               the
               Trees
               more
               fruitfull
               ,
               if
               you
               bo●e
               the
               Trunke
               of
               the
               tree
               thorow
               ,
               in
               severall
               places
               ,
               and
               put
               in
               wedges
               of
               h●t
               Trees
               ,
               as
               Mastick
               ,
               Iuniper
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             
               black
               Mulberry-tree
               ,
            
             
             I
             suppose
             it
             needs
             not
             these
             things
             to
             make
             it
             fruitfull
             ,
             for
             I
             never
             knew
             any
             of
             them
             faile
             of
             store
             of
             fruits
             every
             yeare
             ;
             bu●white
             
               Mulberry-trees
            
             (
             with
             us
             )
             have
             need
             enough
             of
             all
             helps
             that
             may
             be
             .
          
           
             
               It
               is
               reported
               that
               trees
               will
               grow
               greater
               ,
               and
               beare
               better
               fruit
               ,
            
             
             
               if
               you
               put
               salt
               ,
               or
               Lees
               of
               wine
               ,
               or
               blood
               to
               the
               Roo●e
               .
            
          
           
             Concerning
             
               Lees
               of
               wine
               ,
               washings
               of
               strong
               beare
               ,
            
             
             
               or
               Ale
               Vessells
               ,
               blood
               fl●sh
               ,
            
             or
             the
             like
             ;
             it
             is
             certaine
             these
             are
             helpfull
             to
             Fruit-tree●
             ,
             both
             as
             to
             their
             
               growth
               ,
               and
               bearing
            
             ;
             if
             seasonably●
             and
             moderately
             used
             ;
             especially
             to
             
               old
               Trees
               .
            
             I
             account
             it
             best
             to
             be
             applyed
             to
             the
             Roots
             of
             trees
             
               in
               the
               beginning
               of
               winter
               ,
            
             that
             the
             v●rtue
             may
             soke
             into
             the
             Roots
             ,
             and
             earth
             about
             them
             before
             the
             
               spring
               .
            
          
           
             
               Terebration
               of
               trees
               ,
               as
               it
               makes
               them
               prosper
               better
               ,
            
             
             
               so
               also
               it
               is
               found
               that
               it
               maketh
               fruit
               sweeter●
               and
               better
               ,
               by
               causing
               the
               coursest
               juice
               to
               sweat
               out
               ,
               and
               the
               rest
               is
               better
               digested
               .
            
          
           
             
               Terebration
            
             (
             or
             boring
             holes
             into
             the
             bodies
             ,
             
             ●nd
             great
             Roots
             )
             
               of
               fruit●trees
            
             with
             a
             wimble
             ,
             or
             Awger
             ,
             is
             most
             ne●dfull
             ,
             as
             I
             judge
             ,
             
             for
             great
             trees
             which
             grow
             upon
             fat
             land
             ,
             and
             have
             too
             ranke
             nourishment
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             unfruitfull
             ,
             and
             beare
             over
             wat●ish
             fruit
             for
             that
             cause
             ;
             
               that
            
             may
             help
             to
             let
             out
             some
             of
             the
             raw
             ,
             supers●●ous
             sap●
             and
             juice
             as
             an
             ●ssue
             in
             a
             mans
             body
             :
             but
             
               scoring
               ,
            
             or
             cutting
             the
             barke
             of
             
               yo●●ger
               trees
            
             under
             Twenty
             yeares
             may
             be
             better
             for
             them
             ,
             and
             this
             to
             be
             done
             chiefly
             in
             the
             spring
             time
             .
          
           
             
             
               As
               terebration
               doth
               meliorate
               fruit
               ,
               so
               doth
               letting
               of
               Plants
               blood
               ;
               as
               Pricking
               Vi●es
               or
               other
               Trees
               ,
               after
               they
               be
               of
               some
               growth
               .
               It
               is
               reported
               that
               by
               this
               Artifice
               ,
               bitter
               Almonds
               have
               beene
               tu●ned
               into
               sweete
               .
            
          
           
             
             This
             must
             needs
             have
             the
             like
             e●●ect
             (
             in
             some
             proportion
             as
             those
             particulars
             before
             mentioned
             ,
             of
             
               boring
               with
               wimbles
               ,
            
             (
             or
             the
             like
             )
             
               and
               scoring
               the
               barke
               ,
            
             with
             a
             kni●e
             in
             the
             sp●●ng
             time
             .
          
           
             
             
               The
               Antients
               for
               the
               Dulcorating
               of
               fruit
               ,
               do
               c●mmend
               swines
               du●g
               ,
               above
               all
               other
               dung
               ;
               which
               may
               b●
               for
               the
               moisture
               of
               that
               b●●st
               .
            
          
           
             
             I
             have
             s●ene
             divers
             faire
             Fruit-trees
             q●ite
             sp●yld●
             and
             deaded●
             by
             ove●much
             
               swines
               dung
               ,
            
             the
             swine
             lying
             amongst
             them
             ,
             and
             continually
             leaving
             their
             ex●rements
             ,
             by
             degrees
             the
             Trees
             withered
             ,
             and
             died
             :
             but
             I
             doubt
             not
             bu●
             that
             a
             moderate
             quanti●y
             of
             
               ●wines
               dung
               ,
            
             mixed
             with
             mould
             ,
             and
             la●d
             to
             the
             Roots
             of
             trees
             ,
             will
             be
             good
             for
             them●
             and
             it
             may
             be
             in
             order
             to
             the
             
               sweetning
               of
               the
               fruit
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               As
               Grafting
               doth
               generally
               advance
               ,
               and
               meliorate
               f●uits
               ;
               so
               (
               no
               doubt
               )
               even
               in
               grafting
               ,
               the
               choice
               of
               the
               stock
               doth
               much
               :
               they
               commend
               much
               the
               grafting
               of
               Peares
               ,
               or
               Apples
               upon
               a
               Quince
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Grafting
               ,
            
             (
             simply
             as
             grafting
             )
             doth
             not
             
               advance
               or
               meliorate
               fruits
            
             ;
             as
             i●
             shew'd
             elsewhere
             at
             large
             ;
             But
             
               grafted
               trees
            
             beare
             
               better
               fruits
               ,
            
             
             
               and
               sooner
               ,
            
             then
             
               ungrafted
               trees
               ,
            
             because
             grafts
             are
             usually
             taken
             from
             
               good
               bearing
               trees
               ,
            
             and
             of
             the
             
               best
               kinds
               ,
            
             and
             grafts
             (
             retaining
             the
             Nature
             of
             the
             trees
             from
             which
             they
             are
             cut
             ,
             )
             do
             bring
             ●orth
             the
             same
             fruits
             ;
             so
             also
             do
             
               Buds
               ,
            
             (
             though
             they
             be
             much
             smaller
             then
             grafts
             )
             when
             
               Inoculated
               upon
               wild
               stocks
               .
            
          
           
           
             As
             concerning
             the
             
               choice
               of
               stocks
               in
               grafting
               ,
            
             in
             order
             to
             the
             advancement
             of
             fruits
             ;
             it
             is
             certaine
             ,
             the
             goodnesse
             of
             the
             
               stocks
            
             in
             respect
             of
             
               nature
               ,
               and
               kind
               ,
            
             is
             very
             considerable
             :
             The
             
               sweeter
               ,
            
             and
             
               better
            
             the
             
               stock
            
             is
             ,
             the
             better
             will
             the
             fruit
             be
             ,
             that
             is
             engrafted
             thereon
             ;
             Though
             it
             be
             true
             ,
             that
             
               grafts
               governe
               ,
            
             and
             bring
             forth
             the
             
               same
               fruits
               ,
            
             according
             to
             their
             
               owne
               kinds
               ,
            
             yet
             the
             
               stock
            
             hath
             some
             considerable
             influence
             upon
             the
             fruit
             of
             the
             graft
             ,
             and
             thence
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             
               Peares
               upon
               a
               Quince
            
             (
             as
             the
             Authour
             speaks
             of
             )
             are
             better
             ,
             then
             the
             ●ame
             kind
             upon
             a
             
               wild
               Peare
               stock
               :
            
             (
             as
             Experience
             shewes
             )
             because
             a
             
               Quince
            
             is
             a
             more
             excellent
             fruit
             ,
             then
             a
             
               wild
               Peare
               ,
            
             so
             the
             nourishment
             of
             the
             
               stock●
               ,
            
             is
             answerable
             .
          
           
             
               It
               is
               set
               downe
               as
               try'd
               ,
               that
               a
               mixture
               of
               Brane
               ,
               and
               Swines
               dung
               ,
            
             
             
               or
               Chaffe
               ,
               and
               Swines-dung
               ,
               rotten
               ,
               is
               a
               great
               nourisher
               ,
               and
               comforter
               to
               a
               Fruit-tree
               .
            
          
           
             There
             is
             no
             doubt
             but
             
               Swines
               dung
               ,
            
             or
             any
             other
             dung
             ,
             
             with
             other
             Composts
             laid
             together
             till
             they
             be
             rotten
             ,
             will
             nourish
             and
             comfort
             fruit-trees
             ,
             and
             better
             when
             they
             are
             throughly
             rotten
             ,
             &
             turned
             to
             mould
             ,
             then
             before
             ,
             because
             
               new
               dung
            
             may
             be
             too
             hot
             .
          
           
             
               It
               is
               delivered
               by
               some
               ,
               that
               if
               one
               take
               the
               bough
               of
               a
               low
               tree
               ,
            
             
             
               newly
               budded
               ,
               and
               draw
               it
               gently
               into
               an
               earthen
               Pot
               perforated
               at
               the
               bottome
               to
               let
               in
               the
               Plant
               ,
               and
               then
               cover
               the
               Pot
               with
               earth
               ,
               it
               will
               yeild
               a
               very
               large
               fruit
               within
               ground
               ;
               the
               like
               will
               be
               effected
               by
               an
               empty
               pot
               ,
               with
               some
               few
               pertusions
               made
               in
               the
               Pot
               ,
               hang'd
               in
               the
               Tree
               .
            
          
           
             Concerning
             the
             first
             of
             these
             waies
             ,
             
             I
             suppose
             the
             fruit
             growing
             upon
             the
             bough
             so
             bowed
             downe
             into
             a
             Pot
             ,
             will
             not
             be
             so
             large
             ,
             as
             the
             fruit
             upon
             the
             other
             boughes
             ;
             because
             we
             see
             by
             Experience
             it
             is
             against
             the
             nature
             of
             sap
             to
             runne
             
               vigorously
               ,
            
             (
             or
             in
             any
             great
             plenty
             )
             into
             boughe●
             bended
             downewards
             so
             neere
             the
             earth
             ,
             as
             this
             must
             needs
             be
             ,
             for
             sap
             presseth
             upwards
             in
             greatest
             plenty
             ;
             and
             consequently
             those
             fruits
             will
             be
             
               greatest
            
             which
             have
             
               most
               sap
               .
            
             I
             meane
             such
             as
             are
             of
             
               one
               kind
               ,
            
             upon
             
               one
               tree
               .
            
          
           
             And
             concerning
             the
             
               second
               m●anes
            
             by
             the
             
               perforated
               Pot
               ,
            
             hang'd
             in
             the
             tree
             ,
             that
             is
             more
             likely
             to
             worke
             the
             
               effect
               ,
            
             as
             to
             the
             
               greatnesse
               of
               fruit
               ,
            
             not
             so
             much
             (
             I
             suppose
             )
             because
             of
             the
             
               pertusions
               ,
            
             
             or
             holes
             in
             the
             Pot
             ,
             as
             by
             the
             
               shade
            
             that
             the
             fruit
             has
             by
             the
             
               Pot
               :
            
             for
             although
             fruit
             that
             growes
             in
             the
             
               sunn●
               ,
            
             be
             much
             
               better
               ,
            
             and
             more
             
               pleasant
            
             then
             that
             which
             growes
             in
             the
             
               shade
               ,
            
             (
             as
             being
             better
             co●cocted
             ,
             )
             yet
             that
             in
             the
             
               shade
            
             (
             of
             the
             same
             kind
             )
             is
             commonly
             the
             g●eater
             ,
             but
             more
             
               flat
               ,
               dull
               ,
            
             and
             
               inconcoct
            
             :
             as
             we
             see
             in
             
               Apr●cots
               ,
               Cherries
               &c.
            
             unde●●he
             leaves
             .
          
           
             
             
               All
               trees
               in
               high
               and
               sandy
               grounds
               ,
               are
               to
               be
               s●t
               d●ep
               ,
               and
               in
               watry
               ground●
               more
               sh●llow
               :
               And
               all
               tr●es
               when
               th●y
               be
               remov●d
               (
               ●specially
               Fruit-tr●●s
               )
               care
               ought
               to
               be
               taken
               that
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               Trees
               be
               coasted
               (
               North
               ,
               and
               South
               )
               as
               they
               stood
               before
               .
            
          
           
             
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             that
             trees
             on
             
               higher
               grounds
            
             are
             to
             be
             set
             somewhat
             
               d●●per
               ,
            
             then
             in
             
               moist
               grounds
            
             ;
             yet
             bewa●e
             of
             setting
             below
             the
             
               good
               scyl●
               ,
            
             
             in
             any
             ground●
             As
             for
             
               coasting
               of
               trees
               ,
            
             that
             is
             ,
             (
             seti●g
             the
             same
             side
             to
             the
             
               South
            
             when
             tran●planted
             as
             was
             before
             )
             the
             
               Rule
               is
               good
               ,
            
             but
             not
             
               necessary
            
             :
             for
             many
             thousands
             are
             transplan●ed
             w●●h
             g●od
             successe
             not
             observing
             
               which
               side
            
             grew
             
               No●th
               or
               South
            
             :
             howsoever
             some
             reasons
             migh
             be
             shew'd
             why
             t
             is
             
               best
            
             to
             observe
             it
             ,
             if
             it
             may
             conveniently
             be
             done
             .
          
           
             
             
               F●uit-trees
               ,
               set
               upon
               a
               wall
               against
               the
               sunne
               ,
               betweene
               ●lb●wes
               or
               But●eress●s
               of
               stone
               ,
               ripen
               m●re
               ,
               then
               upon
               a
               plaine
               wall
               .
            
          
           
             
             Fruit-trees
             
               soset
               ,
            
             have
             their
             fruits
             ripe
             
               sooner
            
             then
             tho●e
             upon
             a
             
               plaine
               wall
            
             no
             :
             so
             much
             because
             they
             are
             
               d●fended
               better
               from
               winds
               ,
            
             but
             chi●●l●
             because
             the●
             have
             a
             
               double
               ,
            
             or
             
               ●reble
               d●gree
            
             of
             heate
             to
             w●at
             those
             upon
             a
             
               plaine
               wall
            
             have
             ,
             the
             he●te
             being
             pent
             in
             by
             the
             
               E●b●wes
               ,
            
             or
             
               Bu●ter●sses
            
             of
             the
             wall
             ,
             and
             so
             r●●l●cts
             the
             
               stronger
            
             upon
             the
             fruits
             and
             trees
             ,
             there
             is
             a
             
               double
            
             reflection
             of
             heate
             upon
             such
             .
          
           
             
             
               Grafting
               Elms
               ,
               (
               or
               other
               unfruitfull
               trees
               )
               will
               make
               their
               Leaves
               larg●r
               :
               as
               in
               Fruit-trees
               the
               Graft
               maketh
               the
               greater
               fruit
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Grafting
               ,
            
             barely
             considered
             as
             
               Grafting
               ,
            
             will
             not
             do
             this
             ,
             it
             will
             neither
             make
             
               Leaves
               ,
            
             nor
             
               Fruits
               fairer
            
             :
             but
             as
             stocks
             are
             chosen
             for
             the
             purpose
             :
             for
             though
             it
             be
             true
             (
             as
             hath
             been
             elsewhere
             said
             )
             that
             
               Grafts
               governe
               ,
            
             
             and
             overrule
             the
             
               stocks
               ,
            
             bringing
             
             forth
             the
             same
             leaves
             ,
             and
             fruits
             when
             grafted
             ,
             as
             before
             ;
             according
             to
             their
             owne
             Natures
             ;
             yet
             it
             is
             true
             also
             ,
             that
             the
             
               stocks
            
             have
             some
             
               small
               influence
            
             upon
             them
             ,
             in
             making
             the
             fruits
             
               better
            
             or
             
               worse
            
             in
             
               tast
               ,
            
             and
             
               bign●sse
               :
            
             and
             so
             of
             the
             
               leaves
               in
               fairenesse
               ,
            
             according
             to
             the
             
               goodnesse
            
             or
             
               badnesse
            
             of
             the
             stocks
             :
             yet
             notwithstanding
             
               Graf●s
               ,
            
             and
             
               Buds
            
             inoculated
             may
             be
             said
             to
             
               rule
               ,
            
             and
             bring
             forth
             the
             
               same
               fruits
               ,
            
             else
             it
             were
             in
             vaine
             to
             Graft
             .
          
           
             
               Barr●nnesse
               of
               trees
               commeth
               of
               their
               overgrowing
               with
               Mosse
               ,
            
             
             
               or
               their
               being
               Hide
               bound
               ;
               or
               planting
               too
               d●●pe
               ;
               or
               by
               issuing
               of
               the
               sap
               too
               much
               into
               the
               Leaves
               .
            
             
          
           
             There
             are
             severall
             
               Causes
            
             of
             the
             
               barrenn●sse
               of
               trees
               .
            
             
             I
             conceive
             
               Mossinesse
               ,
            
             as
             
               Mossinesse
               ,
            
             is
             not
             the
             cause
             of
             
               barrenn●ss●
            
             ;
             but
             the
             
               Causes
               of
               Mossinesse
            
             are
             the
             Cau●es
             of
             
               barrennesse
               ,
            
             which
             are
             
               Coldnesse
               ,
               overmoistnesse
               ,
            
             and
             
               barrennesse
               of
               the
               soyle
               ,
            
             where
             the
             trees
             grow
             :
             Therefore
             
               such
               soyles
            
             must
             be
             amended
             .
             See
             how
             ,
             
               Treatise
               of
               Fruit-trees
               ,
            
             pag.
             114.
             
          
           
             Also
             
               barrennesse
            
             is
             often
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             
               excessive
               sap
               ,
               and
               moisture
               of
               trees
               ,
            
             which
             is
             m●nifest
             by
             their
             strong
             ,
             and
             vigorou●
             shoots
             ,
             branches
             ,
             and
             broad
             greene
             leaves
             ;
             as
             in
             many
             young
             ,
             full-fed
             trees
             ,
             for
             while
             nature
             is
             vigorous
             ,
             and
             active
             ,
             spending
             it selfe
             that
             w●y
             ,
             in
             the
             
               excessive
               growth
               of
               the
               Tree
            
             ;
             it
             is
             then
             weake
             and
             feeble
             
               in
               bearing
               of
               fruits
               .
            
             Now
             as
             to
             
               some
               kinds
               of
               trees
               ,
            
             it
             is
             not
             best
             (
             for
             some
             time
             )
             to
             go
             about
             to
             remove
             the
             
               Cause
               ,
            
             that
             is
             ,
             as
             to
             standard
             
               Apple-trees
               ,
               Peare-trees
               ,
            
             and
             other
             kinds
             ,
             which
             g●ow
             in
             the
             O●chards
             and
             fields
             at
             large
             :
             but
             let
             them
             alone
             ,
             let
             them
             go
             on
             in
             ●heir
             
               large
               ,
               and
               vigorous
               growthes
            
             for
             certaine
             yeares
             ,
             though
             they
             
               beare
               b●t
               little
               ,
            
             (
             provided
             that
             we
             know
             they
             a●e
             naturally
             of
             
               good
               bearing
               kinds
               ,
            
             otherwise
             it
             is
             in
             vaine
             to
             wai●e
             for
             store
             of
             fruits
             from
             such
             trees
             :
             )
             After
             that
             such
             trees
             have
             growen
             exceedingly
             some
             yeares
             ,
             and
             attained
             a
             faire
             large
             growth
             ,
             they
             will
             then
             by
             degrees
             ,
             grow
             lesse
             in
             the
             branches
             ,
             and
             fall
             to
             bearing
             of
             fruits
             :
             But
             in
             case
             the
             trees
             are
             
               Wall-trees
               ,
            
             and
             shoo●e
             excessively
             ,
             and
             beare
             not
             ,
             then
             it
             will
             be
             best
             to
             take
             away
             the
             
               Cause
            
             as
             much
             as
             we
             can
             ;
             that
             is
             ,
             
               
                 
                   First
                   ,
                
                 abate
                 their
                 
                   overfull
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   rank
                   nou●ishment
                   ,
                
                 by
                 putting
                 in
                 
                   sand
                   ,
                   gravell
                   ,
                   Buck-ashes
                   ,
                
                 or
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 is
                 
                   barren
                   ,
                
                 insteed
                 of
                 the
                 
                   ●at
                   soyle
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 
                   Secondly
                   ,
                
                 also
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 part
                 ,
                 one
                 or
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 
                   biggest
                   Roots
                   ,
                
                 from
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 it
                 may
                 have
                 lesse
                 nourishment
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 left
                 will
                 turne
                 to
                 fruits
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                
                 Bend
                 downewards
                 the
                 branches
                 ,
                 and
                 fasten
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 wall
                 with
                 their
                 tops
                 as
                 low
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 this
                 obstructs
                 ,
                 and
                 restraines
                 the
                 excessive
                 ●●sing
                 of
                 sap
                 ,
                 which
                 rising
                 moder●tely
                 ,
                 turnes
                 to
                 frui●●
                 :
                 But
                 if
                 the
                 Trees
                 are
                 
                   Naturally
                   bad
                   bearers
                
                 (
                 if
                 barren
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 )
                 then
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 remedy
                 for
                 such
                 ,
                 but
                 
                   grafting
                
                 them
                 ag●in
                 ,
                 with
                 
                   Grafts
                
                 taken
                 from
                 some
                 
                   good
                   bearing
                   kinds
                   ,
                
                 which
                 are
                 knowne
                 by
                 yearely
                 experience
                 to
                 
                   beare
                   fruits
                   well
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               It
               hath
               be●ne
               set
               downe
               by
               one
               of
               the
               Ancients
               that
               two
               twiggs
               of
               severall
               Fruit-trees
               flatted
               on
               the
               sides
               ,
               and
               bound
               together
               ,
               and
               set
               ,
               th●y
               will
               come
               up
               in
               one
               stock
               .
               And
               that
               Vines
               of
               red
               ,
               and
               white
               grapes
               slatted
               ,
               and
               bound
               tog●ther
               ,
               will
               beare
               Grapes
               of
               severall
               colours
               ,
               upon
               one
               branch
               ;
            
             
             
               Al●o
               the
               shoots
               of
               divers
               seeds
               ,
               will
               incorporate
               ;
               And
               that
               young
               trees
               of
               severall
               kinds
               set
               contiguous
               ,
               will
               incorporate
               .
            
          
           
             These
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             are
             prescribed
             in
             order
             to
             the
             
               compounding
               of
               Fruits
               .
            
          
           
             
             Concerning
             
               compounding
               ,
               or
               mixing
               of
               divers
               kinds
               of
               fruits
               ,
            
             whereof
             to
             make
             
               one
               new
               kind
               ,
            
             these
             things
             before
             mentioned
             ,
             (
             and
             many
             such
             like
             )
             have
             beene
             prescribed
             by
             
               Ancient
               Authours
               ,
            
             which
             are
             of
             the
             number
             of
             those
             things
             
               (a)
            
             
               Sr
               Francis
               Bacon
            
             accounts
             meere
             
               imaginations
               ,
            
             and
             
               conceits
            
             without
             any
             ground
             ,
             or
             light
             f●om
             
               Experi●nce
               .
            
          
           
             He
             saies
             
               (b)
            
             (
             elsewhere
             )
             That
             
               many
               things
               have
               beene
               rashly
               ,
               (
               and
               with
               little
               ch●ice
               or
               judgment
               )
               receiv●d
               and
               registred
               ,
               as
               app●ares
               in
               the
               writings
               of
               divers
               Authours
               ,
               which
               a●e
               eve●y
               where
               fra●ght
               ,
               and
               forged
               with
               fabulous
               reports
               ,
               and
               those
               not
               only
               uncerta●●e
               ,
               and
               untry●d
               ,
               but
               notoriously
               untrue
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               derogation
               of
               Naturall
               Philosophy
               with
               grave
               and
               sober
               men
               .
            
          
           
             As
             for
             those
             things
             before
             mentioned
             ,
             they
             can
             never
             effect
             what
             is
             promised
             ,
             to
             produce
             
               compound
               fruits
               .
            
             For
             we
             see
             by
             continuall
             Experienc●
             ,
             that
             
               Grafts
               ,
            
             and
             
               Buds
            
             (
             though
             never
             so
             small
             )
             set
             up●n
             st●cks
             of
             different
             kinds
             ,
             do
             hold
             their
             owne
             ,
             and
             k●epe
             their
             kinds
             ;
             and
             so
             it
             would
             be
             if
             
               two
               long
               shoots
            
             were
             united
             ,
             
             or
             three
             ,
             or
             many
             :
             if
             it
             were
             possible
             to
             make
             them
             incorporate
             ,
             and
             become
             one
             body
             ,
             yet
             they
             would
             retaine
             every
             one
             their
             owne
             nature
             ,
             and
             bring
             forth
             each
             its
             owne
             kind
             of
             fruit
             ,
             without
             commixture
             .
          
           
             If
             any
             man
             desire
             to
             be
             set
             on
             work
             about
             these
             things
             ,
             he
             may
             have
             p●escriptions
             eno●gh
             out
             of
             a
             certaine
             Book
             entituled
             ,
             the
             
               Country
               Farme
               ,
            
             pag.
             360
             ,
             361
             ,
             362
             ,
             363
             ,
             364
             ,
             365
             ,
             &c.
             For
             more
             full
             satisfaction
             about
             which
             ,
             and
             all
             of
             that
             nature
             ,
             see
             my
             
               Treatise
               of
               Fruit-trees
               ,
            
             pag.
             91
             ,
             92
             ,
             93
             ,
             &c.
             where
             these
             things
             are
             spoken
             to
             largely
             .
          
           
             But
             if
             the
             thing
             be
             possible
             in
             Nature
             ,
             to
             
               mix
               and
               compound
               fruits
               ,
            
             the
             likeliest
             way
             that
             I
             apprehend
             is
             this
             ,
             (
             which
             I
             h●ve
             upon
             tryall
             ,
             but
             is
             not
             yet
             come
             to
             an
             issue
             )
             viz
             :
             To
             graft
             one
             fruit
             upon
             another
             ,
             many
             times
             over
             ,
             every
             yeare
             a
             d●fferent
             kind●
             (
             so
             that
             we
             keepe
             still
             to
             those
             kinds
             that
             will
             grow
             together
             )
             As
             first
             to
             gra●t
             a
             
               Crab
               tree
               ,
            
             neere
             the
             ground
             ,
             with
             some
             good
             kind
             of
             Apple
             graft
             ,
             and
             the
             next
             yeare
             to
             graft
             that
             ag●ine
             a
             handfull
             or
             two
             above
             where
             the
             
               first
            
             was
             grafted
             ,
             and
             the
             next
             yeare
             to
             graft
             that
             
               second
               graft
               ,
            
             and
             the
             
               fourth
            
             yeare
             to
             graft
             that
             
               third
               graft
               ,
            
             a
             handfull
             or
             two
             ,
             above
             where
             it
             was
             grafted
             ,
             and
             thus
             every
             yeare
             to
             set
             
               graft
               upon
               graft
            
             for
             divers
             yeares
             together
             ,
             this
             (
             probably
             )
             may
             make
             some
             alteration
             ,
             and
             commixture
             in
             the
             top
             branch
             and
             its
             fruit
             ,
             although
             it
             be
             true
             that
             every
             graft
             keep●
             his
             owne
             nature
             ,
             yet
             so
             as
             that
             it
             receives
             
               some
               small
               alteration
            
             from
             the
             
               sto●k
            
             (
             as
             hath
             beene
             said
             :
             )
             Now
             the
             sap
             arising
             and
             passing
             th●ough
             so
             many
             kinds
             of
             stocks
             (
             as
             before
             )
             up
             into
             the
             top
             branches
             ,
             this
             (
             if
             any
             thing
             )
             I
             conceive
             will
             have
             an
             influence
             into
             the
             fruit
             of
             the
             
               last
               graft
            
             to
             cause
             some
             comm●xture
             (
             more
             o●
             lesse
             )
             in
             the
             fruit
             ;
             the
             sap
             passing
             through
             
               so
               many
               kinds
               of
               stocks
               .
            
          
           
             Thus
             as
             of
             many
             kinds
             of
             
               Apples
               ,
            
             together
             ,
             so
             also
             of
             
               Peares
            
             among
             themselves
             ,
             and
             of
             
               Cherries
               ,
            
             and
             
               Plums
               ,
            
             among
             themselves
             ,
             but
             as
             for
             mixing
             contrary
             kinds
             ,
             
               Apples
               ,
               Peares
               ,
               Cherries
               ,
               Plum●
               &c.
            
             all
             together
             ,
             as
             some
             prescribe
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             hope
             ,
             nor
             possibility
             of
             any
             advantage
             thereby
             .
          
           
             
               All
               Plants
               that
               draw
               much
               nourishment
               from
               the
               earth
               ,
            
             
             
               and
               exhaust
               it
               ,
               hurt
               all
               things
               that
               grow
               by
               them
               ,
               as
               Ash-trees
               ,
               Coleworts
               &c.
               
               
               And
               where
               Plants
               of
               severall
               natures
               (
               which
               draw
               severall
               juyces
               )
               
               are
               set
               together
               ,
               there
               the
               neerenesse
               doth
               good
               ,
               As
               Rue
            
             by
             a
             
               Fig-tree
               ,
               Garlicke
            
             by
             a
             
               Rose-tree
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
             It
             is
             true
             indeed
             ,
             That
             all
             
               Trees
               ,
            
             and
             
               Plants
            
             that
             draw
             much
             nourishment
             from
             the
             earth
             ,
             are
             no
             good
             neighbours
             to
             any
             thing
             that
             growes
             neere
             them
             ,
             because
             such
             make
             the
             earth
             
               barren
               ,
            
             in
             which
             plants
             must
             needs
             grow
             
               poorely
               :
            
             But
             that
             
               severall
               kinds
               of
               Plants
               ,
            
             draw
             
               severall
               kinds
               of
               juyces
               ,
            
             out
             of
             
               one
               ,
               and
               the
               same
               soyle
               ,
            
             I
             much
             question
             :
             as
             that
             bitter
             plants
             (
             
               Rue
               ,
               Wormwood
               ,
            
             and
             the
             like
             )
             draw
             the
             
               bitter
               juyce
            
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             the
             sweeter
             kinds
             as
             (
             
               Roses
               ,
               Flowers
               ,
               &c.
            
             )
             draw
             the
             
               sweeter
               juyce
               .
            
             For
             can
             it
             be
             immagined
             that
             there
             are
             so
             many
             kinds
             of
             juyces
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             as
             there
             are
             severall
             kinds
             of
             
               Trees
               ,
            
             and
             
               Plants
               ,
            
             so
             that
             every
             one
             should
             draw
             only
             its
             
               proper
               ,
            
             and
             
               peculiar
               nourishment
               ?
            
             May
             it
             not
             upon
             better
             grounds
             be
             said
             ,
             that
             many
             Trees
             and
             Plants
             growing
             neere
             together
             in
             a
             piece
             of
             ground
             ,
             though
             they
             draw
             all
             of
             them
             
               one
               and
               the
               same
               juyce
               ,
            
             yet
             they
             convert
             ,
             &
             assimilate
             the
             same
             ,
             every
             one
             into
             
               its
               owne
               specifique
               nature
               .
            
             We
             see
             that
             in
             a
             little
             
               Garden
               ,
            
             where
             there
             are
             (
             it
             may
             be
             )
             divers
             hundreds
             (
             or
             thousands
             )
             of
             
               distinct
               Plants
               ,
               Trees
               ,
               Flowers
               ,
               Herbs
               ,
            
             and
             
               Simples
               ,
            
             they
             growing
             all
             upon
             
               one
               ,
               and
               the
               same
               soyle
               ,
            
             do
             convert
             the
             
               juyce
               ,
            
             and
             fatnesse
             of
             it
             into
             their
             severall
             natures
             :
             by
             the
             same
             
               Law
               in
               Nature
            
             as
             severall
             kinds
             of
             
               Grafts
            
             upon
             one
             Tree
             ,
             drawing
             
               one
               and
               the
               same
               Sap
               ,
            
             do
             turne
             that
             
               one
               kind
               of
               nourishment
               ,
            
             into
             their
             
               severall
               natures
               ,
            
             whereby
             they
             bring
             forth
             (
             as
             we
             see
             by
             experience
             )
             distinct
             ,
             and
             severall
             kinds
             of
             Fruits
             ,
             made
             of
             the
             
               same
               single
               juyce
               ,
            
             or
             
               sap
            
             of
             the
             Tree
             whereon
             they
             all
             grow
             :
             this
             they
             would
             do
             if
             there
             were
             all
             or
             many
             kinds
             of
             
               Apples
            
             grafted
             upon
             one
             great
             
               Crab-tree
               ,
            
             and
             so
             of
             
               Peare-trees
               ,
               Cherry-trees
               ,
            
             and
             the
             like
             ,
             upon
             their
             owne
             kinds
             :
             though
             multitudes
             of
             distinct
             kinds
             of
             grafts
             ,
             draw
             
               one
               and
               the
               same
               sap
               ,
            
             yet
             every
             one
             changes
             it
             into
             its
             owne
             nature
             ;
             and
             why
             should
             it
             not
             be
             so
             also
             with
             severall
             plants
             drawing
             
               one
               and
               the
               same
               juyce
               out
               of
               the
               earth
               ?
            
          
           
             So
             that
             I
             cannot
             conceive
             that
             those
             things
             mentioned
             ,
             (
             or
             the
             like
             )
             if
             try'd
             ,
             would
             succeed
             to
             the
             purpose
             :
             viz
             That
             
               Rue
               ,
            
             set
             by
             a
             
               Fig-tree
               ,
            
             will
             make
             the
             
               Figs
               tast
               sweeter
            
             ;
             or
             
               Garlike
            
             set
             by
             
               Rose-trees
               ,
            
             will
             make
             
               Roses
               smell
               sweeter
            
             ;
             or
             
               sorrell
            
             set
             by
             
               Rasps
               ,
            
             will
             make
             the
             
               Rasps
            
             sweeter
             ,
             and
             the
             like
             :
             because
             severall
             ,
             or
             contrary
             kinds
             of
             Plants
             ,
             meete
             not
             with
             severall
             kinds
             of
             juyces
             in
             the
             
               same
               Soyle
               ,
            
             
             (
             sh●ll
             we
             think
             there
             are
             hundreds
             ,
             or
             thousands
             of
             severall
             juyces
             in
             one
             Garden
             )
             though
             they
             draw
             the
             
               same
               juyce
            
             they
             convert
             it
             ,
             and
             assimilate
             it
             into
             their
             severall
             natures
             ,
             accord●ng
             to
             the
             
               inna●e
               ,
            
             and
             
               intrins●call
               Forme●hat
            
             every
             one
             hath
             ,
             as
             was
             said
             before
             of
             
               severall
               kinds
               of
               grafts
               upon
               one
               tree
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               altering
               of
               the
               Sent
               ,
            
             
             
               Colour
               ,
               or
               Tast
               of
               Fruit
               ,
               by
               infusing
               ,
               mixing
               or
               letting
               into
               the
               Bark
               ,
               or
               Root●
               of
               the
               tree
               ,
               Herb
               ,
               or
               Flower
               ,
               any
               coloured
               ,
               ar●maticall
               ,
               or
               Medicinall
               substance
               ;
               are
               but
               Fancies
               :
               All
               alteration
               of
               vegetables
               ,
            
             
             
               in
               those
               qu●lities
               must
               be
               by
               somewhat
               that
               is
               apt
               to
               go
               into
               the
               nourishment
               of
               the
               Plant.
               
            
          
           
             Divers
             
               Authours
            
             (
             in
             their
             
               Books
               of
               planting
               Fruit-trees
            
             )
             have
             given
             severall
             directions
             for
             the
             altering
             of
             the
             
               Sent
               ,
            
             
             
               Colour
               ,
            
             and
             
               Tast
               ,
            
             of
             Fruits
             ;
             but
             none
             of
             them
             from
             any
             well
             grounded
             Experience
             .
             Many
             particulers
             are
             mentioned
             ,
             and
             set
             downe
             at
             large
             :
             (
             with
             
               reasons
               ,
            
             and
             
               Experience
            
             against
             them
             ;
             that
             men
             may
             not
             be
             deceived
             by
             them
             ,
             and
             loose
             their
             
               t●me
               ,
               cost
               ,
            
             and
             
               labour
            
             about
             such
             
               Fancies
            
             )
             See
             pag.
             91
             ,
             92.
             &c.
             of
             the
             
               Treatise
               of
               Fruit-trees
               .
            
          
           
             But
             as
             
               this
               Authour
            
             sa●es
             well
             ,
             The
             l●keliest
             way
             to
             make
             
               herbs
               ,
            
             and
             
               fruits
               Medicinable
               ,
            
             and
             to
             give
             them
             a
             
               good
               relish
            
             is
             the
             
               often
               watring
            
             of
             the
             
               Tree
               ,
            
             or
             
               Plant
            
             with
             that
             
               substance
               ,
            
             which
             we
             desire
             they
             should
             pert●ke
             of
             ,
             for
             this
             is
             certaine
             ,
             (
             and
             we
             see
             it
             by
             manifest
             experience
             )
             that
             
               Plants
               ,
            
             and
             
               fruits
               of
               Trees
               ,
            
             do
             somewhat
             
               tast
               ,
            
             and
             
               partake
            
             of
             the
             nature
             ,
             and
             virtues
             of
             that
             kind
             of
             nourishment
             which
             they
             
               continually
               draw
               .
            
             As
             if
             
               Trees
            
             grow
             upon
             a
             
               low
               ,
               m●ist
               ,
               watrish
               ground
               ,
            
             the
             fruits
             will
             be
             more
             
               spongy
               ,
            
             and
             
               watrish
               ,
            
             then
             the
             same
             kinds
             of
             fruits
             ,
             where
             the
             trees
             g●ow
             upon
             a
             
               dry
               ,
               sandy
               ,
               soyle
               :
            
             So
             if
             
               Cabbages
               ,
               Turneps
               ,
               Carr●ts
               ,
            
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             grow
             in
             a
             
               Rancke
               Soyle
               ,
            
             full
             of
             
               Fil●h
               ,
            
             and
             
               Dung
               ,
            
             they
             have
             a
             virtue
             ,
             and
             relish
             accordingly
             ,
             not
             halfe
             so
             swee●e
             ,
             and
             pleasant
             ,
             as
             the
             same
             kinds
             growing
             upon
             
               pure
               mo●ld
               ,
            
             or
             
               sweet
               sandy
               soyle
               :
            
             so
             here
             ,
             If
             men
             think
             it
             worth
             the
             while
             ,
             if
             they
             judge
             it
             will
             answer
             their
             
               labour
               ,
               cost
               ,
            
             and
             
               time
               ,
            
             to
             water
             
               Fruit-trees
               ,
               herbs
               ,
               plants
               ,
            
             and
             
               flowers
               ,
            
             with
             
               Aromaticall
               ,
               and
               Medicinall
               substances
            
             :
             Infusions
             of
             
               Cinamon
               ,
               Ginger
               ,
               Cloves
               ,
               Mace
               ,
            
             and
             such
             like
             spices
             ,
             to
             give
             a
             
               pleasant
               relish
               ,
            
             or
             (
             for
             physicall
             respects
             )
             with
             
               Hell●bore
               ,
               Opium
               ,
               Scammony
               &c.
               
            
             If
             they
             can
             afford
             to
             give
             them
             enough
             from
             time
             to
             time
             ,
             of
             these
             things
             ,
             (
             wa●ring
             their
             
             Roots
             abundantly
             therewith
             )
             why
             then
             its
             probable
             
               such
               Plants
            
             will
             somewhat
             pert●ke
             of
             their
             
               virtues
            
             :
             but
             as
             for
             
               slitting
               of
               their
               Roots
               ,
            
             or
             
               perforating
               the
               body
               of
               the
               Tree
               ,
            
             and
             
               infusing
               the
               medicine
               ,
            
             or
             
               ste●ping
               the
               s●ede
               ,
            
             or
             
               kernell
               ,
               in
               s●me
               Liquor
               wherein
               the
               m●dicine
               is
               infus●d
               ,
            
             these
             I
             account
             a●
             good
             as
             nothing
             ;
             not
             only
             for
             that
             the
             virtues
             cannot
             be
             commun●ca●ed
             ,
             or
             trans●used
             by
             this
             meanes
             ,
             but
             also
             because
             ,
             though
             they
             we●e
             carried
             to
             all
             the
             par●s
             of
             tree●
             ,
             and
             plants
             ,
             yet
             su●h
             ,
             
               ●mall
               quantities
            
             would
             be
             
               indiscernable
               ,
            
             the
             effect
             would
             be
             as
             
               nothing
               at
               all
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
           The
           VI
           .
           CENTURY
           .
        
         
           
           
             IT
             is
             a
             curiosity
             to
             have
             severall
             fruits
             upon
             one
             tree
             :
             some
             early
             ,
             and
             s●m●
             late
             ,
             ripe
             fruits
             all
             s●mm●r
             .
             This
             is
             done
             by
             Grafting
             s●verall
             ●ruits
             upon
             one
             tree
             :
             But
             I
             conceive
             the
             diversity
             of
             fruits
             must
             be
             such
             as
             w●ll
             graf●
             upon
             the
             same
             stocke
             ,
             not
             contrary
             kinds
             .
          
        
         
           
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           (
           as
           the
           
             Authour
          
           saies
           )
           that
           
             severall
             fruits
          
           may
           be
           graf●ed
           ,
           or
           Inoculated
           
             upon
             one
             tree
             ,
          
           some
           
             early
             ,
          
           and
           some
           
             late
          
           ;
           but
           yet
           (
           as
           he
           also
           observes
           )
           they
           must
           be
           of
           such
           as
           will
           take
           ,
           and
           grow
           together
           ,
           as
           many
           ●inds
           of
           
             Appl●s
             ,
          
           upon
           one
           tree
           ,
           so
           of
           
             Peares
             ,
          
           and
           of
           
             Ch●rries
          
           among
           thems●lves
           ,
           and
           the
           l●ke
           :
           And
           it
           is
           not
           true
           which
           some
           
             Authours
          
           have
           written
           ,
           that
           
             Cherries
             ,
          
           and
           
             Plums
             ,
             Figgs
             ,
             Nuts
             ,
             Peaches
             ,
          
           and
           such
           like
           ,
           will
           grow
           together
           upon
           
             one
             tree
             .
          
        
         
           Yet
           a
           Book
           ,
           intituled
           the
           
             Country
             farme
          
           (
           composed
           by
           some
           
             Doctors
             of
             Physicke
             ,
          
           and
           other
           inexperienced
           men
           )
           is
           full
           of
           such
           odde
           conceits
           ,
           pag.
           360
           ,
           361
           ,
           
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             It
             is
             a
             curi●sity
             to
             have
             fruits
             of
             divers
             shapes
             ,
             and
             figures●
             This
             is
             easily
             performed
             by
             moulding
             them
             when
             the
             fruit
             is
             young
             ,
             with
             moulds
             of
             earth
             or
             wood
             ,
             ●f
             severall
             shapes
             on
             the
             inner
             side
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             in
             mould
             workes
             of
             Liquid
             thing●●
             let
             the
             moulds
             be
             made
             partible
             in
             the
             middle
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             be
             opened
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Also
             Trees
             ,
             or
             Fruits
             may
             be
             with
             Inscriptions
             ,
             and
             engravings
             
             upon
             them
             ,
             by
             writing
             with
             a
             N●edle
             ,
             or
             Bodkin
             ,
             or
             Knife
             ,
             when
             the
             Trees
             ,
             and
             Fruits
             are
             young
             ,
             and
             as
             they
             grow
             greater
             ,
             so
             the
             Letters
             ,
             or
             figures
             will
             be
             more
             plaine
             .
          
        
         
           If
           men
           be
           not
           content
           with
           the
           
             Naturall
             forme
             of
             Fruits
             ,
          
           
           they
           may
           (
           if
           they
           have
           so
           much
           leasure
           to
           sp●re
           )
           put
           them
           into
           moulds
           as
           is
           said
           ,
           to
           make
           them
           of
           an
           
             artificiall
             forme
          
           ;
           As
           for
           
             Inscriptions
             ,
             figures●
          
           and
           
             shapes
          
           upon
           
             Fruit
             trees
             ,
          
           that
           is
           (
           as
           the
           Authour
           saies
           )
           performed
           by
           
             scoring
             through
             the
             Ba●ke
          
           with
           the
           poynt
           of
           a
           
             knife
             ,
          
           in
           the
           
             spring
             ,
          
           or
           
             summer
             ,
          
           what
           Letters●
           or
           Words
           ,
           or
           Figures
           a
           man
           pleaseth
           ,
           which
           as
           the
           tree
           growes
           ,
           will
           become
           more
           plaine
           ,
           and
           discernable
           ,
           and
           that
           for
           many
           yeares
           after
           :
           I
           use
           to
           make
           a
           
             Letter
             ,
          
           or
           
             two
             ,
          
           or
           
             three
             ,
          
           or
           more
           upon
           all
           young
           trees
           that
           I
           graft
           ,
           whereby
           to
           know
           the
           severall
           kinds
           of
           Fruits
           ,
           (
           or
           if
           any
           be
           stolen
           and
           found
           againe
           ,
           they
           may
           thereby
           be
           knowne
           )
           And
           I
           have
           perceived
           the
           Letters
           plainely
           Nine
           ,
           or
           Ten
           yeares
           after
           ,
           or
           more
           .
        
         
           But
           as
           for
           the
           prescriptions
           of
           some
           
             Authours
          
           about
           these
           things
           they
           are
           vaine
           ,
           and
           ridiculous
           :
           who
           direct
           to
           write
           upon
           the
           
             kernell●
             of
             seeds
             ,
          
           that
           we
           sow
           ,
           and
           set
           ,
           and
           upon
           the
           Buds
           that
           we
           inoculate
           what
           
             letters
             ,
          
           or
           
             shape
          
           we
           please
           ,
           and
           the
           
             fruits
          
           coming
           thereof
           ,
           will
           have
           the
           
             sam●
          
           upon
           them
           ,
           See
           hereof
           
             Treatise
             of
             Fruit-trees
          
           pag.
           97.
           
        
         
           
             You
             may
             have
             Trees
             apparelled
             with
             Flowers
             ,
          
           
           
             or
             herbs
             ,
             by
             boring
             holes
             in
             the
             bodies
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             putting
             into
             them
             good
             mould
             ,
             and
             setting
             slips
             ,
             or
             ●owing
             seeds
             therein
             ,
          
           those
           Roots
           of
           a
           more
           Ligneous
           nature
           ,
           will
           perhaps
           inco●porate
           with
           the
           tree
           it selfe
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           a
           
             Curiosity
          
           indeed
           ,
           
           which
           may
           be
           done
           (
           as
           the
           Authour
           saies
           )
           by
           m●king
           
             h●les
             in
             Trees
             ,
          
           and
           
             putting
             in
             good
             mould
          
           ;
           care
           must
           be
           taken
           to
           make
           them
           
             slopewaies
             ,
          
           with
           the
           bottome
           
             downewards
          
           ;
           that
           so
           both
           
             mould
             ,
          
           and
           
             moisture
          
           may
           keepe
           in
           them
           ,
           about
           the
           Roots
           of
           things
           that
           are
           set
           .
           But
           yet
           I
           should
           be
           loath
           to
           spoyle
           a
           good
           tree
           thus
           ,
           for
           it
           must
           needs
           make
           it
           rot
           ,
           and
           perish
           in
           a
           certaine
           time
           :
           howsoever
           ,
           for
           one
           ,
           or
           two
           of
           indifferent
           kinds
           ,
           it
           may
           ra●her
           be
           admitted
           ,
           for
           satis●action
           in
           this
           
             Curiosity
             .
          
        
         
           
             Beauty
             in
             Flowers
             is
             their
             preheminence
             ,
          
           
           
             It
             is
             observed
             ,
             that
             Gilly-flowers
             ,
             
             Violets
             ,
             &c.
             that
             are
             coloured
             ,
             if
             they
             be
             negl●cted
             ,
             and
             not
             watred
             ,
             nor
             n●w
             moulded
             ,
             nor
             tra●splanted
             ,
             will
             turne
             white
             :
             And
             its
             probable
             ,
             that
             the
             white
             with
             much
             cultur●
             ,
             may
             turne
             colour●d
             .
          
        
         
           
           I
           doubt
           not
           but
           that
           the
           
             Flowers
          
           aforementioned
           ,
           and
           diver●
           o●her
           ●inds
           ,
           will
           not
           only
           l●o●e
           the
           
             beauty
             of
             their
             Colo●rs
             ,
          
           if
           they
           be
           not
           sometimes
           removed
           into
           
             new
             ,
          
           and
           
             b●tter
             mould
             ,
          
           but
           also
           that
           they
           will
           in
           time
           change
           from
           
             double
             ,
          
           to
           
             single
          
           ;
           or
           else
           be
           much
           
             ●mal●r
             ,
          
           then
           they
           will
           be
           in
           
             fr●sh●
             strong
             mould
             .
          
           Therefore
           ,
           every
           o●her
           yeare
           ,
           at
           least
           ,
           let
           the
           mou●d
           be
           cha●ged
           ,
           more
           or
           lesse
           :
           lay
           about
           all
           their
           Roots
           ,
           some
           
             good
             ,
             fresh
             ,
             bla●k
             mould●
          
           And
           that
           we
           may
           have
           every
           ye●re
           
             new
             ,
             young
             Roots
             ,
          
           and
           t●at
           the
           best
           kinds
           ma●
           be
           i●creased
           ,
           the
           slips
           must
           be
           
             laid
             in
             s●mmer
          
           ;
           as
           I
           shall
           here
           shew
           how
           ,
           though
           it
           be
           a
           co●mon
           thing
           ,
           and
           well
           knowne
           amongst
           many
           ,
           yet
           ●or
           the
           sake
           of
           those
           tha●●now
           it
           not
           ,
           and
           desire
           it
           .
           I
           shall
           brie●ly
           speak
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           About
           the
           
             beginning
             of
             Iuly
             ,
          
           (
           and
           for
           six
           ,
           or
           seaven
           wee●es
           afterwards
           )
           
             s●ips
          
           may
           be
           
             laid
          
           thus
           .
           Observe
           the
           
             fairest
             ,
          
           and
           
             bigg●st
             slips
          
           upon
           the
           Roots
           ,
           and
           with
           a
           sharp
           Kni●e
           ,
           cut
           halfe
           way
           through
           the
           
             sl●p
             ,
          
           on
           the
           out
           side
           ,
           neere
           to
           the
           bottome
           ,
           just
           from
           a
           joynt
           ,
           and
           cut
           the
           sl●p
           upwards
           ,
           through
           the
           middle
           of
           it
           ,
           about
           halfe
           an
           inch
           ,
           (
           or
           little
           more
           )
           in
           leng●h
           ;
           then
           with
           a
           small
           hook
           stick
           f●sten
           the
           cut
           part
           downe
           into
           the
           mould
           ,
           yet
           so
           as
           that
           the
           slip
           be
           not
           bro●en
           ,
           or
           parted
           from
           the
           Roo●e
           wherein
           it
           growes
           :
           so
           do
           to
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           sl●ps
           upon
           the
           same
           Roote
           ,
           or
           to
           as
           many
           as
           you
           please
           :
           having
           so
           done
           ,
           then
           mould
           them
           all
           up
           ,
           with
           f●esh
           mould
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           cover
           all
           the
           c●t
           parts
           on
           every
           side
           with
           mould
           ,
           then
           water
           them
           ,
           and
           presse
           the
           mould
           close
           about
           them
           ,
           and
           so
           let
           them
           rest
           .
        
         
           Afterwards
           ,
           in
           
             a
             Month
             ,
          
           or
           
             five
             weekes
          
           t●ese
           
             slips
          
           (
           so
           laid
           )
           will
           have
           taken
           Roote
           ,
           (
           especially
           if
           their
           mould
           have
           beene
           watred
           now
           and
           then
           )
           then
           they
           may
           be
           c●t
           off
           from
           the
           old
           Root
           ,
           and
           ●aken
           up
           ,
           and
           so
           set
           againe
           in
           
             fr●sh
             ,
             good
             mould
             ,
          
           prepared
           in
           the
           Garden
           plat
           for
           that
           purpose
           :
           Or
           else
           they
           may
           be
           let
           alone
           untill
           the
           
             spring
             after
             ,
          
           and
           then
           set
           :
           these
           
             young
             ,
             vigorous
             Roots
             ,
          
           set
           in
           good
           mould
           ,
           and
           watred
           (
           now
           ,
           and
           then
           )
           with
           
             ●at
             water
             ,
          
           will
           have
           large
           ●lowers
           :
           especially
           if
           in
           
             Iune
          
           we
           break
           off
           ,
           
             most
          
           of
           their
           
             buds
             ,
          
           and
           suffer
           only
           some
           
             few
          
           six
           ,
           or
           eight
           ,
           or
           ten
           
           
             flowers
          
           upon
           a
           Root
           ,
           these
           the
           Root
           will
           easily
           maintaine
           ,
           and
           each
           of
           them
           will
           have
           the
           more
           nourishment
           ,
           then
           when
           they
           are
           suffered
           to
           spindle
           up
           as
           many
           as
           nat●re
           will
           ,
           such
           must
           needs
           be
           
             smaller
             flowers
             ,
          
           the
           Root
           being
           overburdened
           .
        
         
           The
           
             Clove-Gilly-Flower
             ,
          
           is
           of
           all
           other
           the
           
             best
             ,
          
           for
           use
           ,
           it
           is
           well
           knowne
           how
           usefull
           they
           are
           to
           make
           
             Syrups
             ,
          
           which
           a●e
           very
           
             Cordiall
          
           :
           they
           are
           good
           for
           
             Sallets
             ,
          
           prepared
           with
           sugar
           ,
           to
           use
           all
           the
           yeare
           long
           :
           and
           have
           the
           
             best
             smell
          
           of
           any
           other
           ;
           therefore
           increase
           these
           ,
           as
           much
           as
           may
           be
           ,
           not
           only
           of
           
             slips
          
           (
           for
           sl●ps
           of
           these
           will
           grow
           without
           laying●
           better
           then
           o●
           other
           kind
           of
           ●lowers
           )
           but
           lay
           many
           of
           them
           also
           for
           more
           certain●y
           .
        
         
           And
           among
           these
           preferre
           those
           which
           are
           
             largest
             ,
          
           and
           of
           the
           
             deepest
             colour
             ,
          
           and
           those
           that
           are
           without
           
             Hornes
          
           (
           as
           they
           call
           them
           )
           they
           also
           are
           increased
           of
           
             seede
             ,
          
           as
           other
           kinds●
        
         
           I
           have
           been
           the
           larger
           upon
           this
           particular
           ,
           (
           and
           somewhat
           digressed
           from
           the
           
             Experiment
             ,
          
           which
           chiefly
           concerned
           
             c●lour
          
           )
           because
           hereupon
           mainly
           depends
           the
           
             goodn●sse
             ,
          
           and
           
             flourishing
             of
             a
             Garden
             ,
          
           as
           to
           these
           k●nds
           of
           flowers
           ;
           for
           if
           we
           know
           not
           the
           best
           way
           to
           
             propagate
             flowers
             ,
          
           nor
           to
           plant
           ,
           and
           order
           them
           being
           prepa●ed
           ,
           the
           Garden
           will
           be
           but
           poore
           .
        
         
           
             Whites
             are
             more
             inodorate
             (
             for
             the
             most
             part
             )
             then
             Flow●rs
             of
             the
             same
             kind
             Coloured
             :
          
           
           
             we
             find
             also
             that
             Blossomes
             of
             trees
             that
             are
             white
             ,
             are
             commo●ly
             inodorate
             ,
             As
             Cherries
             ,
             Peares
             ,
             Plum●
             .
             Whereas
             those
             of
             Apples
             ,
             Crabs
             ,
             Almonds
             ,
             and
             Peaches
             ,
             are
             blush●
             ,
             and
             smell
             sweete
             .
          
        
         
           I
           conceive
           this
           Experiment
           was
           not
           throughly
           we●ghed
           ,
           
           and
           try'd
           :
           for
           to
           my
           Observation
           
             white
             Flowers
             ,
          
           have
           (
           generally
           )
           as
           much
           
             smell
             ,
          
           as
           those
           
             Coloured
             :
          
           to
           i●stance
           in
           the
           
             white
             Rose
             ,
          
           the
           ordinary
           k●●d
           ,
           and
           the
           
             White
             Musk
             Rose
             ,
          
           I
           suppose
           they
           have
           as
           
             much
             smell
          
           (
           especially
           the
           Musk
           Ro●e
           )
           as
           
             Red
             Roses
             ,
          
           or
           
             Provosts
             ,
          
           or
           
             Velvet
             ,
          
           or
           
             Ma●ble
             ,
          
           and
           some
           other
           coloured
           kinds
           yea
           and
           more
           too
           :
           And
           as
           for
           some
           
             white
             flowers
             ,
          
           as
           the
           
             white
             Lilly
             ,
          
           and
           some
           other
           kinds
           ,
           their
           smell
           is
           more
           full●
           and
           ranck
           then
           many
           
             Red
             ,
          
           or
           other
           
             colo●red
             flowers
             :
          
           And
           for
           
             blossomes
             of
             Trees
             ,
          
           some
           that
           are
           
             white
             ,
             smell
          
           as
           much
           ,
           as
           some
           that
           are
           
             Red
             ,
          
           or
           
             coloured
             ,
          
           for
           what
           smell
           hath
           the
           
             double
             blossome
             Peach-fllower
             ,
          
           or
           the
           
             Nectrin
             ,
          
           or
           any
           kind
           of
           
             Peach
             Blossomes
             ,
          
           which
           are
           all
           
             coloured
          
           
           excellentl●
           )
           more
           then
           the
           
             Blossomes
             of
             Peare-tree
             ,
             Ch●rry
             ,
          
           or
           
             Plum-tree
             ,
          
           which
           a●e
           said
           to
           be
           
             inodorate
          
           :
           So
           that
           I
           conceive
           there
           ●ust
           be
           ●ome
           othe●Cause
           found
           out
           ,
           why
           some
           
             Flowers
             ,
          
           and
           
             B●●●s●m●s
             ●m●ll
             n●t
             ,
          
           (
           or
           
             smell
          
           not
           
             so
             much
          
           as
           some
           others
           )
           then
           th●t
           whic●
           is
           assigned
           ;
           viz
           :
           the
           
             thinn●sse
             ,
          
           or
           
             sc●ntn●sse
             of
             that
             substanc●
             w●ich
             m●keth
             the
             Flower
          
           is
           not
           the
           
             Cause
          
           wh●
           some
           
             Flowers
          
           and
           
             blos●●m●s
             ●m●ll
             not
             ,
          
           so
           much
           as
           others
           :
           
             the
             same
          
           is
           the
           
             Cause
          
           why
           some
           
             Flowers
             ,
          
           and
           
             fruits
          
           are
           
             bigger
          
           then
           others
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           
             better
             tast
          
           then
           o●hers
           ;
           which
           proceeds
           (
           undo●b●edly
           )
           from
           the
           
             speci●ique
             ,
          
           or
           
             d●stinct
             intrinsecall
             Forme
             ,
          
           of
           each
           particular
           Plant
           ,
           which
           the
           God
           of
           nat●re
           hath
           fixed
           in
           it
           as
           a
           
             Law
             ,
          
           which
           nature
           never
           violates
           ,
           but
           keeps
           in
           all
           kinds
           of
           Creatures
           .
        
         
           
           
             Contrariwise
             in
             Berries
             the
             White
             is
             commonly
             more
             delicate
             ,
             and
             sweete
             in
             tast
             ,
             then
             the
             Coloured
             ;
             as
             we
             see
             in
             white-grapes
             ,
             white-Ra●ps
             ,
             white
             strawberries
             ,
             Currants
             &c.
             the
             Cause
             is
             ,
             for
             that
             the
             C●loured
             are
             more
             juyced
             ,
             and
             courser
             juyced
             ,
             and
             therefore
             not
             so
             well
             ,
             and
             ●qually
             concocted
             .
          
        
         
           
             But
             in
             Fruits
             the
             White
             commonly
             is
             meaner
             ,
             as
             in
             Plums
             ,
             The
             white
             ha●vest
             Plum
             is
             a
             base
             Plum
             ,
             the
             Musle
             ,
             Damaze●ne
             ,
             and
             other
             black
             Plums
             ,
             are
             of
             the
             best
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
           This
           proves
           what
           was
           last
           said
           to
           be
           true
           ,
           viz.
           that
           it
           is
           the
           
             speci●icall
             Forme
             of
             every
             Plant
             ,
          
           that
           causeth
           the
           difference
           of
           
             tasts
             in
             Fruits
             ,
          
           and
           
             smell
             in
             Flowers
             .
          
           For
           we
           see
           by
           experie●ce
           that
           ●ome
           
             white
             kinds
          
           of
           
             Flowers
             ,
             Fruits
             ,
             Berries
             &c.
          
           are
           
             sweeter
             ,
          
           and
           
             better
          
           in
           
             smell
             ,
          
           and
           
             tast
             ,
          
           then
           some
           others
           of
           
             Coloured
             kinds
             :
          
           and
           that
           likewise
           some
           o●her
           
             coloured
             kinds
          
           of
           
             Flowers
             ,
             Fruits
             ,
          
           and
           
             Berries
             ,
          
           a●●sw●et●r
           
             ,
          
           and
           
             better
          
           then
           some
           
             white
             k●nds
          
           :
           so
           that
           it
           is
           a
           hard
           matter
           to
           find
           out
           the
           
             particular
             Cause
             ,
          
           and
           give
           a
           distinct
           rea●●n
           ,
           of
           the
           differences
           of
           particu●ars
           ,
           though
           men
           may
           venture
           a●
           it
           .
        
         
           
           
             Gilly-●l●wer
             seede
             of
             one
             kind
             ,
             being
             sewen
             ,
             will
             c●me
             up
             of
             severall
             Colours
             :
             The
             Cau●e
             is
             (
             no
             doubt
             )
             that
             in
             earth
             though
             it
             be
             contiguous
             ,
             and
             in
             one
             bed
             ,
             there
             are
             severall
             juyces
             ;
             and
             ●s
             the
             seede
             doth
             casually
             meete
             with
             them
             ,
             so
             it
             cometh
             forth
             .
          
        
         
           
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           
             Gilly-flowerseede
          
           of
           one
           kind
           sowen
           ,
           will
           bring
           
           up
           
             severall
             kinds
          
           :
           some
           
             double
             ,
          
           and
           some
           
             single
          
           :
           but
           I
           much
           doubt
           whether
           it
           be
           ,
           for
           that
           the
           
             seede
             me●ts
             with
             severall
             juyces
             in
             one
             bed
             of
             earth
          
           :
           for
           can
           it
           be
           imagined
           that
           two
           ,
           or
           three
           very
           small
           seeds
           ,
           that
           lye
           as
           close
           together
           as
           can
           be
           ,
           in
           the
           earth
           ,
           should
           draw
           
             severall
             juyces
             ,
          
           from
           the
           very
           
             selfe
             same
             mould
             ,
          
           so
           as
           to
           cause
           them
           to
           vary
           in
           the
           colour
           of
           the
           flowers
           ?
           May
           it
           not
           rather
           be
           said
           ,
           it
           is
           from
           
             a
             Law
             in
             Nature
             ,
          
           which
           God
           of
           his
           generall
           bounty
           to
           us
           ,
           hath
           put
           into
           it
           ;
           though
           we
           stand
           not
           in
           absolute
           necessity
           of
           them
           ,
           yet
           in
           that
           he
           gives
           us
           such
           
             variety
             ,
          
           and
           
             ch●i●e
             ?
          
           But
           for
           men
           to
           find
           out
           ,
           and
           shew
           
             a
             particular
             Cause
             in
             Nature
             ,
          
           of
           this
           
             variety
             ,
          
           will
           be
           as
           hard
           to
           do
           ,
           as
           to
           shew
           a
           
             Cause
          
           why
           severall
           kinds
           of
           Grafts
           ,
           upon
           
             one
             tree
             ,
          
           
           drawing
           
             one
             and
             the
             selfe
             same
             sap
             ,
          
           do
           yet
           bri●g
           forth
           different
           Fruits
           ;
           other
           then
           to
           say
           ,
           
             they
             keepe
             their
             severall
             Natures
             ,
          
           and
           so
           convert
           the
           
             same
             sap
          
           into
           severall
           kinds
           of
           Fruits
           .
           And
           why
           may
           not
           the
           same
           be
           said
           of
           
             severall
             seeds
             ,
          
           and
           
             Roots
             ,
          
           in
           
             one
             Bed
             ,
          
           drawing
           the
           
             same
             juyce
             of
             the
             Earth
             ?
          
        
         
           Concerning
           sowing
           of
           
             Gilly
             flower
             seede
             ,
          
           I
           advise
           those
           that
           sow
           it
           :
           first
           ,
           to
           gather
           it
           from
           the
           
             fairest
             ,
          
           and
           
             best
             Clove-Gilly-flower
             ,
          
           and
           that
           i●
           be
           full
           ripe
           ,
           ere
           it
           be
           g●thered
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           turned
           
             black●
          
           Also
           seede
           may
           be
           g●thered
           from
           other
           
             double
             flowers
             ,
          
           some
           commend
           especially
           the
           
             London
             white
             ,
          
           others
           ,
           a
           flower
           cald
           the
           
             old
             mans
             head●
          
           and
           say
           the
           greatest
           varieties
           c●me
           from
           these
           ;
           some
           are
           for
           one
           ,
           and
           some
           for
           another
           ,
           but
           so
           it
           is
           ,
           that
           
             most
          
           will
           be
           
             single
             fl●wers
          
           from
           the
           
             best
             seede
             :
          
           but
           doubtlesse
           there
           is
           much
           in
           the
           
             ground
          
           in
           which
           the
           seede
           is
           sowen
           ;
           if
           it
           be
           
             poore
             soyle
             ,
          
           they
           are
           more
           like
           to
           be
           more
           
             single
             ,
          
           then
           if
           the
           ground
           be
           
             speciall
             rich
             mould
          
           ;
           for
           (
           as
           was
           said
           )
           
             barren
             ground
             ,
          
           as
           it
           makes
           flower●small
           
             ,
          
           so
           sometimes
           in
           it
           ,
           they
           turne
           from
           
             double
          
           to
           
             single
             ,
          
           so
           it
           may
           be
           said
           as
           to
           the
           
             seede
          
           when
           sowen
           .
        
         
           
             It
             is
             a
             Curiosity
             to
             have
             Flowers
             double
             ,
          
           
           
             which
             is
             effected
             by
             often
             Removing
             them
             into
             new
             earth
             ,
             as
             on
             the
             contrary
             part
             double
             flowers
             ,
             by
             neglecting
             ,
             and
             not
             removing
             ,
             prove
             single
             .
             And
             the
             way
             to
             do
             it
             speedily
             ,
             is
             to
             sow
             ,
             or
             set
             seeds
             ,
             or
             slips
             of
             flowers
             ,
             and
             as
             soone
             as
             they
             c●m●
             up
             to
             remove
             them
             into
             new
             ground
             ,
             that
             is
             good
             .
             Enquire
             also
             wh●ther
             Inoculating
             of
             Flowers
             (
             as
             Stock-Gilly-flowers
             ,
             Roses
             ,
             Musk-Roses
             &c.
             )
             doth
             not
             make
             them
             double
             .
          
        
         
         
           
           For
           the
           first
           part
           of
           ●his
           
             Experiment
             ,
          
           to
           make
           
             Flowers
             double
             ,
          
           or
           
             fairer
             ,
          
           it
           is
           a
           good
           Rule
           ,
           as
           the
           Authour
           hath
           set
           downe
           ,
           especially
           if
           withall
           we
           observe
           the
           directions
           given
           in
           the
           Observation
           to
           the
           50●Experim●nt
           
             ,
          
           in
           breaking
           off
           some
           of
           the
           
             Buds
             ,
          
           and
           
             St●ms
             ,
          
           and
           letting
           some
           
             few
          
           grow
           ,
           to
           be
           
             fl●wers
             .
          
        
         
           Concerning
           
             Inoculating
             of
             Flowers
          
           (
           
             Stock
             Gilly
             flowers
             ,
          
           or
           any
           other
           kind
           )
           I
           know
           no
           such
           thing
           ,
           and
           believe
           it
           is
           but
           a
           
             fancy
             ,
          
           for
           having
           heard
           of
           it
           ,
           I
           have
           considered
           of
           the
           matter
           ,
           and
           cannot
           find
           ,
           nor
           apprehend
           what
           it
           is
           that
           should
           be
           
             Inoculated
          
           ;
           there
           are
           no
           
             buds
             ,
          
           nor
           any
           thing
           like
           a
           
             bud
             ,
          
           to
           be
           taken
           off
           for
           that
           purpose
           :
           And
           I
           have
           spoken
           with
           divers
           who
           have
           had
           skill
           in
           
             Fl●wers
          
           ;
           and
           they
           have
           said
           they
           have
           heard
           of
           such
           a
           thing
           ,
           but
           have
           never
           seene
           any
           thing
           thereof
           in
           
             Experience
             .
          
        
         
           There
           are
           ●hree
           other
           waies
           sufficient
           for
           the
           
             propagation
             of
             flowers
             ,
          
           which
           are
           ,
           by
           
             Seede
             ,
          
           by
           
             Slips
             ,
          
           and
           by
           
             Layers
             ,
          
           but
           by
           
             Laying
          
           is
           by
           far
           the
           
             best
             ,
          
           as
           is
           shewed
           at
           large
           ,
           in
           the
           
             Observation
          
           to
           the
           506.
           
           
             Experiment
             .
          
           But
           as
           for
           
             Inoculating
             Roses
             ,
          
           (
           
             Musk
             R●se
             ,
          
           and
           all
           other
           kinds
           )
           that
           is
           very
           commo●
           ,
           and
           sure
           ;
           yet
           as
           to
           the
           intent
           of
           the
           
             Authour
             ,
          
           viz.
           (
           to
           make
           them
           double
           )
           it
           succeeds
           not
           :
           and
           he
           himselfe
           hath
           given
           the
           Reason
           ,
           truly
           ,
           upon
           another
           occ●sion
           :
           That
           is
           ,
           
             all
             Buds
             ,
          
           and
           
             Grafts
             ,
             Rule
             ,
          
           and
           
             keepe
             their
             owne
             Natures
             ,
          
           and
           so
           change
           not
           ,
           neither
           as
           to
           the
           making
           
             Ros●s
             more
             double●
          
           or
           
             better
          
           then
           they
           were
           before
           ,
           nor
           as
           to
           the
           
             bettering
             of
             any
             F●uit
          
           :
           as
           hath
           beene
           shew'd
           heretofore
           .
        
         
           
           
             The
             m●king
             of
             Fruits
             without
             Core
             ,
             or
             Stone
             ,
             is
             likewise
             a
             Curiosity
             ;
             If
             a
             Cions
             ,
             or
             shoote
             ,
             have
             the
             Pith
             finely
             taken
             forth
             ,
             (
             and
             not
             altog●ther
             ,
             but
             some
             of
             it
             left
             ,
             the
             better
             to
             save
             the
             life
             ,
             it
             will
             beare
             a
             fruit
             with
             little
             ,
             or
             no
             Core
             ,
             or
             Stone
             .
             The
             like
             is
             said
             to
             be
             of
             dividing
             a
             Quick
             tree
             downe
             to
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             taking
             out
             the
             Pu●
             ,
             a●d
             then
             binding
             it
             up
             againe
             .
          
        
         
           
           These
           prescriptions
           for
           making
           
             F●uits
             without
             Core
             ,
          
           or
           
             stone
             ,
          
           I
           canno●
           think
           are
           from
           this
           worthy
           
             Authour
             ,
          
           but
           they
           are
           such
           as
           are
           set
           downe
           by
           others
           ,
           which
           I
           have
           seene
           :
           And
           they
           are
           as
           weake
           ,
           and
           groundlesse
           conceits
           as
           many
           other
           things
           asserted
           by
           them
           ,
           about
           
             chang●ing
             the
             species
             of
             Fruits
             :
          
           and
           making
           them
           of
           an
           
             aromatique
             ,
          
           and
           
             pleasant
             tast
             ,
          
           and
           altering
           the
           
             Colour
             of
             Fruits
             ,
          
           and
           such
           like
           co●ceits
           :
           the
           variety
           of
           which
           (
           I
           suppose
           )
           
           hath
           beene
           sufficiently
           laid
           open
           in
           a
           late
           
             Treatise
             of
             Fruit-trees
             :
          
           see
           there
           
             Errors
             discovered
          
           pag.
           91
           92.
           &c.
           For
           ,
           let
           this
           thing
           be
           a
           little
           considered
           ,
           and
           it
           will
           appeare
           to
           any
           man
           that
           has
           but
           halfe
           an
           eye
           ,
           to
           be
           vaine
           :
           suppose
           a
           
             shoote
             ,
          
           or
           
             Graft
          
           (
           as
           is
           here
           said
           )
           be
           
             cloven
             ,
          
           and
           all
           ,
           or
           most
           of
           the
           
             pith
             taken
             out
             ,
          
           and
           ad●it
           such
           a
           one
           be
           Grafted
           ,
           (
           or
           any
           way
           set
           in
           the
           ground
           ,
           so
           as
           to
           take
           roote
           )
           and
           grow●
           yet
           we
           know
           all
           the
           
             Bark
          
           and
           
             Buds
             ,
          
           are
           as
           they
           were
           before
           ;
           the
           taking
           out
           of
           the
           
             Pith
          
           makes
           no
           alteration
           at
           all
           ,
           more
           ,
           or
           lesse
           ;
           we
           know
           ,
           in
           all
           the
           
             Buds
          
           that
           are
           
             Inoculated
          
           not
           only
           
             all
             the
             Pi●h
             ,
          
           but
           also
           
             all
             the
             wood
          
           is
           cast
           away
           ;
           and
           no●hing
           made
           use
           of
           but
           only
           the
           
             Buds
             ,
          
           and
           
             Bark
          
           of
           any
           young
           shoote
           ;
           and
           yet
           wee
           see
           by
           continuall
           Experience
           what
           the
           effect
           i●
           ;
           that
           these
           
             Buds
          
           bring
           for●h
           the
           same
           Fruits
           ,
           as
           the
           trees
           from
           which
           they
           were
           taken
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           a
           
             *
          
           young
           tree
           were
           
             divided
             ,
          
           and
           the
           
             Pith
             taken
             out
             ,
          
           from
           the
           
             top
          
           to
           the
           
             Roote
          
           (
           as
           is
           said
           )
           there
           is
           lesse
           Reason
           ,
           (
           if
           lesse
           can
           be
           )
           that
           that
           should
           work
           this
           eff●ct
           ;
           because
           all
           the
           
             side
             twigs
             ,
          
           (
           if
           it
           have
           any
           )
           would
           have
           pith
           st●ll
           ,
           And
           if
           it
           have
           none
           ,
           or
           if
           the
           
             Pith
          
           were
           taken
           out
           of
           all
           ;
           yet
           we
           know
           the
           increase
           of
           the
           Tree
           ,
           must
           be
           still
           from
           the
           
             Buds
          
           ;
           which
           have
           the
           same
           nature
           in
           them
           ,
           as
           
             Grafts
             ,
          
           or
           
             Buds
             Inoculated
             .
          
        
         
           
             It
             is
             very
             probable
             ,
             that
             any
             sower
             fruit
             ,
          
           
           
             grafted
             upon
             a
             stock
             that
             beareth
             a
             sweeter
             fruit
             ,
             may
             both
             make
             the
             fruit
             sweeter
             ,
             and
             more
             voyd
             of
             the
             harsh
             matter
             of
             the
             kernells
             ,
             or
             seeds
             .
          
        
         
           
             It
             is
             Reported
             ,
             that
             not
             only
             taking
             out
             the
             Pith
             ,
          
           
           
             but
             the
             stopping
             of
             the
             juy●e
             of
             the
             Pith
             ,
             from
             rising
             in
             the
             midst
             ,
             and
             turning
             it
             to
             rise
             o●
             the
             outside
             ,
             will
             make
             the
             fruit
             ,
             withou●
             core
             or
             stone
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Rule
             is
             Generall
             ;
             that
             whatsoever
             will
             make
             a
             wild
             Tree
             ,
          
           
           
             a
             Gard●n
             tree
             ,
             will
             make
             a
             Garden
             tree
             to
             have
             lesse
             Core
             ,
             or
             stone
             .
          
        
         
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           
           that
           a
           
             sower
             fruit
          
           grafted
           upon
           a
           stock
           of
           a
           
             sweeter
             kind
             ,
          
           will
           make
           the
           fruit
           somewhat
           
             sweeter
          
           ;
           yet
           so
           as
           that
           the
           Graft
           still
           governs
           ,
           (
           as
           this
           
             Authour
          
           elsewhere
           hath
           said
           )
           and
           as
           
             Experience
          
           proves
           ;
           B●t
           the
           fruits
           will
           have
           
             k●rn●lls
             ,
          
           and
           
             seeds
             ,
          
           as
           before
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           
             taking
             out
             the
             Pith
             ,
          
           
           or
           
             stopping
             the
             juyce
             of
             the
             Pith
             ,
          
           it
           is
           all
           one
           ,
           as
           to
           this
           intention
           .
        
         
         
           Concerning
           the
           
             generall
             Rule
          
           in
           the
           517
           Experiment
           I
           know
           nothing
           that
           will
           make
           a
           
             Wild
             tree
             ,
          
           a
           
             Garden
             tree
             ,
          
           but
           
             grafting
          
           it
           with
           
             good
             kinds
             of
             grafts
          
           ;
           And
           I
           am
           sure
           
             grafting
          
           will
           not
           make
           any
           fruit
           to
           have
           
             lesse
             Core
             ,
          
           or
           
             stone
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Plants
             for
             want
             of
             Culture
             degenerate
             to
             be
             baser
             in
             the
             same
             kind
             ;
             and
             sometim●s
             to
             change
             into
             another
             kind
             .
          
        
         
           
             1.
             
             
               By
               standing
               long
               unremoved
               .
            
          
           
             
             2.
             
             
               By
               drought
               ,
               and
               drynesse
               of
               the
               Earth
               .
            
          
           
             3.
             
             
               By
               the
               Barrennesse
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               removing
               Plants
               into
               worse
               mould
               ,
               or
               forbearing
               to
               renew
               ,
               and
               help
               the
               ground
               with
               dung
               ,
               or
               fresh
               mould
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           It
           hath
           been
           
             (a)
          
           said
           ,
           That
           
             Violets
             ,
          
           and
           some
           other
           Flowers
           ,
           will
           
             change
          
           from
           
             double
          
           to
           
             single
             ,
          
           or
           change
           in
           
             colour
             ,
          
           when
           the
           mould
           wherein
           they
           grow
           ,
           becomes
           
             barren
             ,
          
           and
           
             hartl●sse
             ,
          
           through
           neglect
           ;
           which
           is
           the
           same
           in
           substance
           with
           all
           the
           three
           particulars
           mentioned
           in
           the
           
             Experiment
             .
          
           Therefore
           there
           is
           need
           of
           some
           
             fresh
             mould
          
           from
           yeare
           to
           yeare
           ,
           for
           the
           preserving
           of
           
             Flowers
          
           in
           their
           perfection
           .
           See
           hereof
           at
           large
           ,
           Experiment
           506.
           and
           510.
           
        
         
           
           
             Whatsoever
             Fruit
             useth
             to
             be
             set
             upon
             a
             Roote
             ,
             or
             slip
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             sowen
             ,
             will
             d●generate
             :
             And
             most
             of
             those
             Fruits
             that
             use
             to
             be
             Grafted
             ,
             if
             th●y
             be
             set
             of
             kernells
             ,
             or
             stones
             ,
             degenerate
             .
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             that
             Peaches
             do
             better
             upon
             stones
             set
             ,
             then
             upon
             Grafting
             :
             And
             the
             Rule
             of
             exception
             should
             seeme
             to
             be
             this
             ;
             That
             whatsoever
             Plant
             requireth
             much
             moisture
             ,
             prospereth
             better
             upon
             the
             stone
             ,
             or
             kernell
             ,
             then
             upon
             the
             Graft
             ;
             For
             the
             stock
             though
             it
             giveth
             a
             finer
             nourishment
             ,
             yet
             it
             giveth
             a
             scanter
             than
             the
             Earth
             at
             large
             .
          
        
         
           
           The
           reason
           why
           
             Fruits
          
           that
           come
           of
           
             Seede
             ,
          
           or
           
             stones
             ,
          
           do
           
             degenerate
          
           (
           for
           the
           most
           part
           )
           and
           become
           
             worse
          
           then
           the
           
             Fruits
          
           out
           of
           which
           the
           
             seede
          
           was
           taken
           ,
           I
           conceive
           to
           be
           this
           ;
           
             Fruits
          
           that
           come
           of
           
             seede
             ,
          
           or
           
             stones
             ,
          
           do
           partake
           both
           of
           the
           
             Graft
             ,
          
           and
           of
           the
           
             stock
          
           of
           that
           tree
           from
           which
           they
           were
           taken
           ;
           so
           that
           although
           the
           
             graft
          
           was
           of
           a
           
             speciall
             good
             ,
          
           and
           
             choice
             kind
             ,
          
           yet
           the
           
             stock
          
           whereon
           it
           was
           engrafted
           being
           a
           
             Crabtree
             ,
          
           (
           or
           some
           other
           wild
           kind
           of
           Fruit-tree
           )
           the
           
             seede
          
           participates
           of
           both
           
             Graft
             ,
          
           and
           
             stock
             ,
          
           and
           
           so
           brings
           forth
           a
           
             mungrell
             fruit
             ,
          
           between
           them
           both
           :
           For
           although
           Grafts
           governe
           ,
           (
           as
           hath
           beene
           said
           )
           and
           may
           be
           said
           to
           bring
           forth
           the
           
             same
             kinds
             ,
          
           yet
           so
           as
           that
           the
           stock
           hath
           
             some
             influence
             into
             the
             Fruits
             ,
          
           according
           to
           the
           
             goodn●sse
             ,
          
           or
           
             badnesse
          
           of
           the
           
             stock
             .
          
        
         
           But
           now
           :
           In
           case
           the
           
             Tree
          
           from
           which
           
             seeds
             ,
          
           or
           
             stones
          
           are
           taken
           ,
           be
           an
           
             ungrafted
             tree
             ,
          
           one
           that
           came
           of
           
             seede
          
           it selfe
           ,
           then
           I
           doubt
           not
           but
           that
           the
           
             seede
          
           of
           
             that
             Tree
             ,
          
           will
           bring
           forth
           the
           very
           same
           kinds
           againe
           ,
           without
           any
           alteration
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           that
           the
           
             Authour
          
           saies
           concerning
           
             Peaches
          
           ;
           that
           they
           come
           better
           of
           
             stones
          
           then
           
             grafting
          
           ;
           I
           suppose
           there
           is
           a
           mistake
           in
           this
           :
           for
           although
           it
           be
           true
           ,
           that
           some
           
             Peaches
          
           will
           come
           
             good
             of
             seede
          
           ;
           yet
           doubtlesse
           not
           
             better
             ,
          
           then
           by
           
             Inoculating
             ,
          
           (
           they
           take
           not
           with
           
             Grafting
          
           )
           for
           we
           see
           by
           constant
           Experience
           ,
           that
           
             Peach
             Buds
          
           set
           upon
           
             good
             stocks
             ,
          
           will
           bring
           forth
           the
           
             very
             sam●
             ,
          
           as
           the
           trees
           from
           which
           they
           were
           cut
           ;
           if
           the
           rest
           of
           their
           culture
           ,
           and
           ordering
           be
           the
           
             same
             ,
          
           or
           
             as
             good
             .
          
        
         
           And
           as
           for
           some
           that
           have
           come
           of
           
             stones
             ,
          
           I
           have
           observ'd
           they
           have
           beene
           none
           of
           the
           
             best
          
           :
           many
           that
           have
           come
           of
           stones
           have
           beene
           starke
           nought
           ;
           though
           some
           have
           beene
           good
           .
        
         
           And
           why
           
             Peaches
             ,
          
           or
           any
           other
           kind
           of
           fruit
           ,
           should
           be
           thought
           to
           come
           
             better
          
           of
           
             stones
             ,
          
           or
           
             s●eds
             ,
          
           then
           by
           
             Grafting
             ,
          
           or
           
             Inoculating
             ,
          
           I
           apprehend
           not
           any
           reason
           :
           as
           for
           that
           which
           is
           given
           ;
           That
           
             the
             stock
             giveth
             a
             scanter
             nourishment
             ,
             then
             the
             earth
             at
             large
          
           ;
           let
           it
           be
           considered
           :
           The
           
             Twigs
          
           and
           
             Branches
          
           of
           a
           
             Peach
             tree
             ,
          
           (
           or
           any
           other
           tree
           that
           came
           of
           
             seede
             ,
          
           or
           
             stones
          
           )
           they
           receive
           sap
           ,
           and
           nourishment
           from
           a
           
             stem
             ,
          
           or
           
             body
             ,
          
           and
           
             Roote
             ,
          
           as
           w●ll
           as
           if
           the
           Tree
           were
           
             engrafted
          
           ;
           the
           
             twigs
             ,
          
           and
           
             branches
          
           of
           an
           ingrafted
           tree
           ,
           have
           as
           
             free
          
           and
           
             full
          
           nourishment
           ,
           (
           without
           any
           obstruction
           )
           as
           the
           
             branches
          
           of
           a●ungrafted
           
             tree
          
           ;
           the
           branches
           of
           a
           
             grafted
             tree
             ,
          
           have
           no
           
             finer
             nourishment
             ,
          
           no●scanter
           
             ,
          
           then
           the
           
             branches
             of
             an
             ungrafted
             tr●●
          
           :
           for
           we
           know
           ,
           the
           
             Roote
             ,
          
           and
           
             Body
          
           of
           a
           
             Graf●ed
             tree
             ,
          
           and
           of
           an
           
             ungrafted
             tree
             ,
          
           are
           alike
           :
           and
           the
           earth
           is
           as
           
             free
             ,
          
           to
           the
           
             one
             ,
          
           as
           to
           the
           
             other
             .
          
        
         
           
             It
             is
             reported●
          
           
           
             That
             a
             good
             strong
             Canvas
             ,
             spread
             over
             a
             tree
             ,
             grafted
             low
             ,
             soone
             after
             it
             putteth
             forth
             ,
             will
             dwarfe
             it
             ,
             and
             make
             it
             spread
             :
          
           
           
             The
             Cause
             is
             plaine
             ,
             for
             that
             all
             things
             grow
             ,
             as
             they
             find
             roome
             .
          
        
         
         
           
           It
           is
           true
           (
           as
           is
           said
           )
           That
           
             Cloth
          
           sometimes
           spread
           over
           a
           tree
           grafted
           low
           ,
           (
           and
           suffered
           to
           lye
           on
           for
           a
           time
           )
           will
           cause
           it
           to
           
             spread
             much
          
           ;
           And
           that
           this
           may
           be
           improved
           for
           our
           use
           ,
           and
           benifit
           ,
           this
           may
           be
           done
           :
           To
           plant
           some
           few
           
             Cherry
             trees
             ,
             Plum
             trees
             ,
          
           or
           other
           kinds
           ,
           grafted
           
             low
             ,
          
           and
           caused
           to
           
             spread
             much
             ,
          
           and
           kept
           from
           rising
           up
           ,
           by
           
             this
             meanes
             ,
          
           keep
           the
           earth
           
             bare
             ,
          
           cleane
           from
           
             weeds
             ,
             grasse
             ,
          
           or
           any
           thing
           growing
           under
           ,
           or
           about
           them
           :
           such
           trees
           (
           if
           they
           be
           good
           kinds
           )
           will
           beare
           
             much
          
           and
           
             fairer
             fruits
             ,
          
           then
           
             high
             trees
          
           :
           the
           reflection
           of
           heate
           from
           the
           earth
           ,
           will
           be
           almost
           as
           strong
           ,
           as
           from
           a
           wall
           .
           And
           the
           fruits
           may
           be
           kept
           
             long
             ,
          
           growing
           upon
           the
           Trees
           ;
           even
           till
           after
           
             September
             ,
          
           or
           
             October
             .
          
           For
           if
           a
           
             Cloth
          
           be
           sometimes
           ,
           in
           
             hot
             weather
             ,
          
           spread
           over
           them
           ,
           and
           moistned
           ,
           it
           will
           keep
           the
           fruits
           from
           
             ripening
             too
             soone
          
           :
           (
           yet
           shade
           them
           not
           
             too
             much
             ,
          
           lest
           they
           come
           not
           to
           full
           ripenesse
           )
           Afterwards
           ,
           the
           fruits
           being
           ripe
           ,
           some
           old
           
             Canvas
             haire-cloth
             ,
          
           (
           or
           such
           like
           )
           may
           be
           spread
           over
           them
           ,
           to
           preserve
           the
           fruits
           from
           
             Birds
             ,
          
           and
           may
           be
           so
           kept
           
             long
          
           ;
           (
           look
           that
           
             snailes
          
           eate
           them
           not
           )
           Or
           else
           a
           Net
           may
           be
           spread
           over
           such
           trees
           ,
           to
           preserve
           the
           Fruits
           :
           I
           have
           knowne
           faire
           
             Cherries
          
           upon
           Trees
           towards
           the
           middle
           of
           
             October
             .
          
           I
           conceive
           the
           great
           bearing
           Cherry
           ,
           or
           other
           
             late
             ripe
             ,
             tart
             Cherries
             ,
          
           to
           be
           the
           best
           to
           keepe
           long
           ,
           in
           this
           manner
           :
           such
           are
           more
           
             hardy
          
           then
           other
           kinds
           ;
           
             Cherries
             very
             late
             ,
          
           are
           as
           great
           
             Rarities
             ,
          
           as
           those
           that
           are
           
             early
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Trees
             are
             generally
             set
             of
             Roots
             ,
             or
             kernells
             ;
             but
             if
             you
             set
             them
             of
             slips
             (
             as
             the
             Mulberry
             &c.
             )
             they
             will
             grow
             ,
             and
             those
             (
             as
             is
             reported
             )
             will
             be
             dwarfe
             trees
             ;
             the
             Cause
             is
             ,
             for
             that
             the
             slip
             draweth
             nourishment
             more
             weakly
             ,
             then
             either
             a
             Roote
             ,
             or
             kernell
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Mulberry-tree
             slips
             ,
          
           and
           some
           other
           kinds
           of
           trees
           that
           will
           grow
           of
           
             slips
             ,
          
           may
           be
           made
           
             dwarfe
             trees
             ,
          
           if
           we
           will
           order
           them
           accordingly
           ,
           that
           is
           ;
           if
           we
           suffer
           all
           the
           side
           branches
           to
           grow
           :
           or
           such
           slips
           (
           taking
           Roote
           )
           may
           be
           made
           
             high
             trees
             ,
          
           in
           time
           ,
           if
           we
           cut
           off
           all
           the
           
             side
             branches
             ,
          
           and
           preserve
           only
           the
           
             middle
             ,
             straight
             shoote
             .
          
           But
           indeed
           at
           first
           ,
           for
           certaine
           yeares
           ,
           they
           must
           needs
           be
           
             dwarfe
             trees
             ,
          
           untill
           they
           can
           rise
           higher
           ,
           which
           in
           time
           they
           will
           do
           ,
           if
           they
           take
           
             Roote
             well
             ,
          
           and
           the
           
             ground
             be
             good
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             In
             Clay
             grounds
             ,
             all
             Fruit-trees
             grow
             full
             of
             Mosse
             ,
             both
             upon
             body
             ,
             and
             Boughes
             :
             which
             is
             caused
             partly
             by
             the
             coldnesse
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             whereby
             the
             Plants
             nourish
             lesse
             :
             And
             partly
             by
             the
             Toughnesse
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             whereby
             the
             sap
             is
             shut
             in
             &c.
             
          
        
         
         
           We
           see
           by
           Experience
           ,
           that
           trees
           growing
           upon
           
             cold
             ,
          
           
           and
           
             moist
             grounds
             ,
          
           or
           
             Clay
             ,
             grav●ll
             ,
             barr●n
             grounds
             ,
          
           do
           generally
           breed
           
             Moss●
             ,
          
           which
           is
           caused
           ,
           (
           as
           the
           
             Authour
          
           s●ies
           )
           by
           the
           
             coldnesse
          
           and
           
             scantn●sse
          
           of
           the
           nour●shment
           :
           And
           therefore
           there
           is
           neede
           (
           besides
           the
           
             scraping
             off
             of
             the
             Mosse
          
           )
           to
           lay
           the
           
             Roots
          
           of
           
             Fruit-trees
          
           as
           
             dry
          
           as
           may
           be
           in
           such
           
             moist
             grounds
             ,
          
           by
           
             tre●ching
             ,
          
           or
           otherwise
           ,
           and
           also
           to
           bring
           in
           some
           
             soyles
          
           to
           make
           the
           g●ound
           
             b●tter
             ,
          
           and
           
             warmer
             ,
          
           as
           much
           as
           may
           be
           .
        
         
           
             It
             is
             to
             be
             noted●
             that
             (
             commonly
             )
             trees
             that
             ripen
             their
             fruits
             latest
             ,
          
           
           
             do
             blossome
             soonest
             .
          
        
         
           
             S●me
             Fruit-trees
          
           indeed
           which
           bring
           forth
           their
           fruits
           to
           perfect●on
           ,
           
           and
           ripenesse
           ,
           
             late
          
           in
           the
           yeare
           ,
           do
           blossome
           
             early
          
           ;
           as
           having
           neede
           of
           the
           heate
           of
           the
           sunne
           to
           ripen
           them
           ,
           all
           the
           sommer
           :
           But
           some
           other
           kinds
           blossome
           
             early
             ,
          
           and
           ripen
           the●r
           Fruits
           also
           
             ea●ly
          
           ;
           As
           
             May
             Cherry
             trees
             ,
          
           the
           
             Premorden●plum
             ,
          
           also
           the
           
             Mirabilon
             plum-tree
          
           blossomes
           exceeding
           
             early
             ,
          
           and
           the
           tree
           brings
           forth
           his
           Fruit
           
             early
             .
          
           I
           have
           got
           ripe
           plums
           from
           this
           tree
           about
           the
           beginning
           of
           
             Iuly
             ,
          
           which
           is
           early
           for
           
             Plums
             .
          
        
         
           
             There
             be
             fruits
             ,
          
           
           
             (
             but
             rar●ly
             ,
             )
             that
             come
             twice
             a
             yeare
             ,
             As
             some
             Peares
             ,
             strawberries
             &c.
             
             Roses
             beare
             twice
             ,
             but
             it
             is
             not
             wit●out
             cutting
             .
          
        
         
           The
           
             Winsor
             Peare-tree
          
           does
           blossome
           and
           beare
           fruits
           
             twice
             in
             the
             year●
             ,
          
           some
           yeares
           :
           
           but
           the
           
             second
             bearing
          
           I
           cou●d
           never
           see
           worth
           the
           ga●hering
           ,
           for
           they
           are
           
             poore
             ,
             small
             ,
             hard
             fruits
             ,
          
           not
           worth
           any
           thing
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           seen
           
             Cherries
             twice
             in
             the
             yeare
          
           upon
           one
           and
           the
           same
           tree
           ,
           An
           
             early
             Flanders
             ,
          
           which
           I
           set
           upon
           a
           very
           warme
           
             southwall
             ,
          
           bore
           ripe
           
             Cherries
          
           about
           the
           
             twenteth
          
           of
           
             May
             ,
          
           And
           the
           same
           tree
           bore
           a
           couple
           of
           
             ripe
             Cherries
          
           afterwards
           ,
           the
           one
           about
           the
           sixth
           of
           
             Octob●r
             ,
          
           the
           other
           a
           fortnight
           after
           .
        
         
           
             Strawberries
          
           ordinarily
           beare
           
             twice
             a
             y●are
             ,
          
           though
           but
           few
           the
           second
           time
           .
           As
           for
           
             Rose-trees
             ,
          
           some
           
             damask
             Roses
             ,
          
           and
           some
           
             Provosts
          
           beare
           a
           second
           time
           ,
           the
           same
           yeare
           ,
           though
           but
           few
           ,
           if
           cut
           soone
           after
           the
           
             first
             bearing
          
           in
           the
           full
           Moone
           .
           But
           besides
           ,
           there
           is
           a
           
             Rose-tree
             ,
          
           called
           the
           
             Monthly
             Ro●e
             ,
          
           which
           beares
           
             Roses
          
           untill
           the
           coldnesse
           of
           the
           winter
           stop
           it
           ,
           about
           
             November
             .
          
        
         
           
             Nothing
             procureth
             the
             lasting
             of
             Tr●es
             ,
          
           
           
             Bushes
             ,
             and
             He●bs
             ,
             so
             much
             as
             oft●n
             cutting
             ,
             For
             every
             cutting
             causeth
             a
             Renovation
             of
             the
             juyce
             of
             the
             Plant
             ,
             that
             is
             neither
             go●th
             so
             farre
             ,
             nor
             riseth
             so
             faintly
             ,
             as
             when
             the
             plant
             is
             not
             cut
             .
          
        
         
           This
           is
           to
           be
           considered
           in
           
             cutting
             of
             trees
             ,
          
           
           else
           insteed
           of
           making
           
           them
           
             last
             longer
             ,
          
           we
           
             shorten
             their
             lives
             .
          
           That
           i●
           ,
           that
           we
           so
           cut
           them
           that
           the
           
             wet
             ,
          
           and
           
             moisture
          
           get
           not
           into
           their
           bodies
           ,
           which
           in
           certaine
           yeares
           will
           ●ot
           ,
           and
           spoyle
           them
           :
           as
           we
           see
           in
           many
           
             pollard
             trees
             ,
          
           which
           are
           
             hollow
          
           all
           along
           their
           bodies
           :
           And
           many
           
             Fruit-trees
             ,
          
           having
           had
           their
           heads
           cut
           off
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           great
           Trees
           ,
           and
           grafted
           againe
           ;
           we
           see
           the
           
             wet
             ,
          
           and
           
             moisture
             gets
             in
             at
             the
             top
             ,
          
           before
           the
           Grafts
           can
           cover
           the
           head
           ,
           and
           rots
           the
           tree
           ,
           which
           can
           never
           grow
           great
           after
           ,
           nor
           
             last
             long
             ,
          
           but
           rot●
           ,
           and
           decayes
           in
           few
           ye●res
           .
           Whereas
           Trees
           that
           are
           
             sound
             ,
             Fruit-trees
             ,
          
           and
           all
           other
           kinds
           ,
           must
           needs
           last
           
             much
             longer
             :
          
           yet
           as
           to
           cutting
           of
           
             side
             branches
             ,
          
           and
           all
           
             supe●fluous
             branches
             .
          
           (
           which
           are
           not
           great
           )
           that
           conduceth
           to
           the
           
             lasting
             of
             Trees
             ,
          
           as
           giving
           the
           
             more
             plentifull
             ,
          
           and
           
             vig●rous
             nourishment
             to
             those
             that
             are
             left
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             whole
             body
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           The
           VII
           .
           CENTURY
           .
        
         
           
           
             QVinces
             ,
             or
             Apples
             if
             you
             will
             keepe
             them
             long
             ,
             drowne
             them
             in
             Honey
             ,
             but
             because
             Honey
             (
             perhaps
             )
             will
             give
             them
             a
             tast
             overlushious
             ,
             it
             were
             good
             to
             make
             tryall
             in
             powder
             of
             sugar
             ,
             or
             in
             ●yrrup
             of
             wine
             only
             boyled
             to
             height
             .
          
        
         
           
           As
           for
           
             keeping
             of
             Apples
             ,
          
           keeping
           them
           in
           
             honey
             ,
          
           or
           
             sugar
             ,
          
           would
           be
           too
           costly
           :
           some
           
             Pippins
             ,
          
           and
           
             Iohn
             Apples
             ,
          
           will
           (
           of
           themselves
           )
           last
           till
           new
           come
           againe
           :
           its
           good
           then
           to
           get
           such
           kinds
           ,
           that
           we
           may
           have
           for
           use
           all
           the
           yeare
           long●
           without
           charge
           in
           
             keeping
             .
          
        
         
           And
           for
           
             keeping
             Quinces
             ,
          
           they
           are
           
             kept
             long
          
           in
           
             pickle
             ,
          
           made
           of
           the
           
             Pa●ings
             ,
          
           and
           
             Cores●
          
           of
           those
           that
           are
           used
           for
           
             Marmalade
             ,
          
           well
           boyled
           in
           water
           ,
           with
           Salt
           ,
           and
           Ginger
           .
           Or
           a
           better
           way
           (
           as
           some
           account
           )
           is
           to
           ●eepe
           them
           in
           
             small
             Ale
             ,
          
           a
           penny
           a
           Gallon
           ,
           and
           to
           draw
           i●
           off
           ,
           once
           in
           ten
           ,
           or
           twelve
           da●es
           ,
           and
           put
           in
           f●esh
           ;
           thus
           it
           s
           said
           they
           will
           last
           two
           yeares
           .
        
         
           
           
             Take
             Grapes
             ,
             and
             hang
             them
             in
             an
             empty
             V●ss●ll
             ,
             well
             stopped
             ,
             and
             s●t
             the
             V●ss●ll
             ,
             not
             in
             a
             Cellar
             ,
             but
             in
             some
             dry
             place
             ,
             and
             its
             said
             th●y
             will
             last
             lo●g
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Grapes
          
           will
           
             keepe
          
           for
           some
           short
           time
           ,
           in
           
             this
             manner
             ,
          
           as
           hath
           been
           said
           :
           but
           when
           
             cold
             moist
             Aire
          
           towards
           winter
           comes
           on
           ,
           they
           will
           begin
           to
           mould
           ,
           and
           ●ot
           ;
           I
           have
           kept
           some
           in
           
             Glasse
             ,
          
           as
           close
           stop●
           with
           
             Cork●
             ,
          
           and
           
             wax
             ,
          
           as
           I
           could
           ,
           supposing
           the
           
             exclusion
             of
             Aire
             ,
          
           
           had
           been
           best
           ,
           but
           though
           they
           were
           good
           certaine
           weekes
           ,
           yet
           afterwards
           they
           began
           to
           perish
           :
           I
           account
           it
           better
           to
           hang
           the
           
             Bunches
          
           in
           a
           
             Kitchin
             ,
          
           or
           some
           
             warme
             Roome
             ,
          
           where
           
             fire
          
           is
           much
           kept
           ,
           that
           so
           some
           of
           their
           supe●fl●ous
           moisture
           may
           be
           a
           little
           dryed
           up
           ;
           I
           have
           kept
           them
           thus
           many
           weekes
           .
           For
           though
           the
           
             Aire
          
           be
           much
           shut
           out
           from
           them
           in
           any
           
             V●ss●ll
             ,
          
           yet
           that
           
             A●re
          
           that
           is
           shut
           in
           with
           them
           and
           their
           owne
           naturall
           moisture
           ,
           will
           cause
           
             putrefaction
          
           ;
           therefore
           there
           is
           neede
           of
           some
           degree
           of
           
             warmth
             ,
          
           with
           
             dryn●sse
             :
          
           Cut
           off
           
             some
             of
             the
             wood
          
           with
           the
           
             Bunches
             ,
          
           and
           cover
           them
           with
           
             Paper
          
           from
           
             dust
             ,
          
           and
           hang
           them
           up
           .
        
         
           Also
           a
           
             Vine
             Branch
          
           full
           of
           
             ripe
             Grapes
             ,
          
           may
           be
           drawne
           in
           at
           a
           window
           ,
           and
           Nailed
           up
           ,
           upon
           the
           w●ll
           or
           ●eeling
           ,
           letting
           the
           br●nch
           grow
           still
           to
           the
           Vine
           ,
           thus
           they
           will
           keepe
           long
           .
        
         
           
             The
             juyces
             of
             Fruits
             are
             either
             watry
             ,
             or
             oylie
             :
          
           
           
             I
             reckon
             amongst
             the
             watry
             ,
             all
             the
             fruits
             out
             of
             which
             drinke
             is
             expressed
             ,
             as
             the
             Grape
             ,
             the
             Apple
             ,
             the
             Peare
             ,
             the
             Cherry
             ,
             the
             Pome-granate
             &c.
             
             And
             th●re
             are
             some
             others
             which
             though
             they
             be
             not
             in
             use
             for
             drinke
             ,
             yet
             they
             appeare
             to
             be
             of
             the
             same
             nature
             ,
             As
             Plums
             ,
             Mulberries
             ,
             Services
             ,
             Rasps
             &c.
             
             And
             for
             those
             juyces
             that
             are
             so
             fleshy
             as
             they
             cannot
             make
             drinke
             by
             expression
             (
             yet
             perhaps
             they
             may
             make
             drinke
             by
             mixture
             of
             water
             .
             And
             some
             of
             the
             watry
             juyces
             ,
             after
             they
             have
             gathered
             spirit
             ,
             will
             burn●
             ,
             and
             inflame
             ,
             as
             wine
             .
          
        
         
           Concerning
           the
           juyces
           of
           
             Apples
             ,
          
           
           
             Peares
             ,
          
           and
           
             Cherries
             ,
          
           these
           are
           well
           knowne
           ,
           and
           much
           in
           use
           ,
           and
           esteeme
           :
           the
           two
           former
           with
           us
           in
           
             England
             ,
          
           and
           all
           of
           them
           in
           other
           parts
           ;
           And
           we
           might
           have
           
             wine
             of
             Cherries
             ,
          
           as
           plentifull
           in
           
             England
             ,
          
           as
           it
           is
           beyond-sea
           ,
           if
           men
           would
           but
           plant
           store
           of
           
             Cherry
             trees
             ,
          
           of
           the
           
             best
             kinds
             ,
          
           such
           as
           are
           
             fittest
          
           for
           this
           purpose
           :
           As
           the
           
             Morello-Cherry
             ,
          
           the
           
             Charoone
             ,
          
           the
           
             Black-hart
             ,
          
           and
           other
           k●nds
           which
           have
           a
           pleasant
           tast
           ,
           the
           j●yce
           of
           which
           is
           of
           a
           
             deepe
             red
             colour
          
           :
           These
           would
           make
           a
           
             delicate
             wine
             ,
          
           especially
           for
           
             sommer
             time
          
           ;
           And
           which
           will
           last
           also
           all
           the
           yeare
           ;
           as
           I
           have
           heard
           it
           credibly
           spoken
           ,
           by
           a
           worthy
           gentleman
           ,
           who
           dranke
           good
           
             Cherry
             wine
             ,
          
           of
           a
           
             Twelve
             month
             old
             .
          
        
         
           A●
           for
           
             Cider
             ,
          
           and
           
             Perry
             ,
          
           these
           
             Liquors
          
           (
           especially
           
             Cider
          
           )
           begin
           to
           be
           better
           knowne
           to
           us
           ,
           in
           some
           parts
           where
           they
           have
           scarce
           beene
           heretofore
           :
           And
           doubtlesse
           when
           men
           are
           better
           acquainted
           with
           them
           ,
           and
           know
           their
           good
           
             properties
             ,
          
           and
           
             virtues
             ,
          
           in
           reference
           to
           
             Health
             ,
          
           and
           
             Long●life
             ,
          
           they
           will
           be
           more
           diligent
           in
           
             planting
             Fruit-trees
             ,
          
           such
           as
           are
           
             best
             ,
          
           and
           
             fittest
          
           for
           this
           purpose
           .
           As
           the
           
             Pear●-maine
             ,
             Pippin
             ,
             G●nnet-Moyle
             ,
             Redstreake
             ,
          
           and
           such
           like
           ;
           
           whi●h
           make
           
             Cider
          
           better
           then
           
             French-winds
             .
          
        
         
           Concerning
           the
           manner
           of
           making
           
             Cider
             ,
          
           and
           
             Perry
             ,
          
           with
           the
           
             k●eping
             ,
          
           and
           
             o●dering
             of
             it
             ,
          
           I
           have
           spoken
           at
           large
           in
           my
           
             Treati●e
             ●f
             Fruit-trees
          
           :
           See
           ,
           the
           use
           of
           Fruits
           pag.
           77.
           
        
         
           
           A●
           for
           
             Plums
             ,
          
           it
           is
           affirmed
           ,
           that
           there
           may
           be
           made
           an
           excellent
           
             wine
          
           out
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           also
           
             Aquavitae
             ,
          
           of
           those
           that
           are
           
             sweete
             ,
             fat
             Plum●
             ,
          
           as
           
             Musle
             plums
             ,
             Damson●
             &c.
             
          
           And
           though
           the
           
             juyce
          
           be
           too
           
             thi●k
          
           of
           it selfe
           for
           that
           purpose
           ,
           yet
           
             water
             ,
             Cider
             ,
          
           or
           some
           other
           
             Liquor
             ,
          
           may
           be
           mixed
           therewi●h
           ,
           which
           being
           put
           up
           into
           the
           Ves●ell
           ;
           some
           
             Honey
             ,
             Yest
             ,
          
           (
           or
           the
           like
           )
           must
           be
           mixed
           ,
           to
           cause
           it
           to
           wo●ke
           .
        
         
           
           
             It
             hath
             beene
             noted
             ,
             that
             m●st
             Trees
             ,
             (
             and
             specially
             those
             that
             beare
             Mast
             )
             are
             ●●ui●full
             but
             once
             in
             two
             yea●es
             .
             The
             Cause
             (
             no
             doubt
             )
             is
             the
             expence
             of
             s●p
             ;
             For
             many
             Orchard
             Trees
             ,
             well
             cul●ured
             ,
             will
             be●re
             divers
             y●ares
             together
             .
          
        
         
           
           Some
           
             Fruit-trees
          
           beare
           store
           of
           fruits
           but
           once
           in
           two
           yeares
           ;
           and
           I
           conceive
           it
           to
           be
           as
           naturall
           so
           to
           do
           ,
           as
           to
           beare
           
             such
             ,
          
           or
           
             such
          
           a
           
             k●●d
             of
             Fruit
             .
          
           And
           others
           are
           observed
           to
           beare
           
             store
             of
             F●uits
             e●●●y
             yeare
             ,
          
           constantly
           ;
           unlesse
           (
           perhaps
           )
           in
           some
           extreame
           blast●●g
           spring
           ,
           which
           spoyles
           (
           in
           a
           manner
           )
           all
           :
           But
           for
           many
           ye●●es
           t●gether
           ,
           eve●y
           yea●e
           ,
           
             s●me
          
           are
           knowne
           to
           beare
           Frui●s
           exceeding
           full
           in
           the
           same
           ground
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           same
           culture
           ,
           as
           those
           that
           beare
           but
           each
           other
           yeare
           :
           so
           that
           we
           see
           the
           
             expence
             of
             sa●
             ,
          
           in
           the
           
             ●●aring
             yeare
             ,
          
           is
           not
           the
           
             only
             Cause
          
           that
           Trees
           bea●e
           not
           the
           next
           yeare
           ●●ter
           ;
           fo●
           some
           that
           
             expend
             as
             much
             sap
             ,
          
           do
           yet
           beare
           the
           next
           yeare
           after
           ,
           as
           
             full
          
           as
           before
           :
           So
           then
           ,
           let
           care
           be
           taken
           ,
           to
           ●h●se
           Graf●s
           from
           those
           trees
           that
           we
           see
           by
           Experience
           are
           the
           
             best
             ,
          
           and
           
             m●st
             const●n●
             b●arers
          
           ;
           and
           
             b●st
          
           fruits
           .
        
         
           
           
             The
             g●●at●r
             part
             of
             T●ees
             beare
             most
             ,
             and
             best
             ,
             on
             the
             lower
             Boughes
             ;
             but
             some
             beare
             b●st
             on
             the
             t●p
             b●ughes
             .
             Those
             that
             beare
             b●st
             below
             ,
             are
             ●u●h
             as
             shade
             doth
             more
             good
             to
             ,
             then
             hurt
             :
             for
             g●n●rally
             all
             fruits
             bea●e
             b●st
             l●west
             ,
             b●cau●e
             the
             sap
             tireth
             not
             ,
             having
             but
             a
             short
             way
             ;
             and
             the●efore
             in
             F●uits
             spread
             upon
             walls
             ,
             the
             low●st
             are
             the
             greatest
             .
          
        
         
           
           To
           my
           
             Observation
             ,
             Apple-trees
             ,
             Peare
             trees
             ,
             Cherry-trees
             &c.
          
           that
           are
           
             good
             bearers
             ,
          
           they
           beare
           all
           over
           alike
           .
           And
           generally
           all
           
             Fruit●t●ees
          
           in
           these
           par●s
           ,
           h●ve
           need
           enough
           of
           the
           sunne
           ,
           and
           
             beare
             better
          
           in
           the
           
             ●unne
             ,
          
           then
           in
           the
           
             sh●d●
          
           ;
           But
           indeed
           as
           to
           
             Wall-t●ees
             ,
          
           most
           commonly
           we
           see
           
             most
             fruits
          
           upon
           the
           
             lower
             boughes
             ,
          
           and
           
             *
          
           
             side●boughes
             ,
          
           And
           the
           reason
           I
           apprehend
           to
           be
           this
           :
           Not
           the
           
             tiring
             of
             the
             sap
             ,
          
           in
           its
           going
           to
           the
           
             top
             branches
          
           ;
           for
           the
           
             sap
          
           is
           
             too
             vigorous
             ,
          
           
           and
           
             too
             plentifull
             ,
          
           in
           the
           
             top
             boughes
             ,
          
           and
           thence
           it
           is
           we
           alwaies
           see
           the
           
             fairest
             ,
          
           and
           
             greatest
             shoots
          
           towards
           the
           
             top
          
           of
           all
           
             w●ll-trees
             ,
          
           and
           commonly
           of
           all
           other
           trees
           .
           But
           the
           
             cause
          
           why
           the
           
             lower
             boughes
             ,
          
           and
           
             side
             branches
             ,
          
           have
           usually
           
             more
             fruit
             ,
          
           then
           the
           
             top
             branches
             ,
          
           I
           conceive
           to
           be
           for
           that
           the
           sap
           naturally
           presseth
           
             upwards
             ,
          
           in
           
             greatest
             plenty
             ,
          
           and
           runneth
           forth
           into
           
             shoots
             ,
          
           and
           
             branches
          
           :
           N●w
           nat●re
           being
           so
           intent
           ,
           and
           vigorously
           active
           in
           
             one
             work
          
           (
           viz.
           
             increase
             of
             the
             tree
          
           in
           those
           branches
           )
           it
           doth
           not
           put
           forth
           it selfe
           ,
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           in
           that
           other
           effect
           of
           
             bearing
             fruit
          
           upon
           the
           same
           branches
           .
           But
           now
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           
             lower
             boughes
             ,
          
           and
           
             side-branches
             ,
          
           there
           na●ure
           is
           at
           work
           ,
           but
           in
           a
           
             r●misse
             ,
          
           and
           
             weaker
             d●gree
             ,
          
           as
           to
           the
           
             increase
             of
             the
             branches
             ,
          
           such
           grow
           but
           little
           ,
           because
           the
           sap
           is
           somewhat
           obstructed
           ,
           and
           curbed
           by
           bowing
           the
           branches
           downewards
           ,
           and
           so
           does
           attend
           to
           the
           
             other
             work
          
           also
           ,
           viz.
           the
           
             bearing
             of
             Fruits
             .
          
        
         
           And
           the
           
             truth
          
           of
           this
           is
           made
           more
           evident
           ,
           if
           we
           consider
           the
           same
           thing
           in
           all
           
             young
             trees
          
           :
           We
           know
           young
           
             Apple-trees
             ,
             Peare-trees
             ,
          
           and
           the
           like
           ,
           when
           ,
           and
           while
           they
           
             grow
             ,
             and
             increase
             exceedingly
          
           in
           all
           the
           parts
           ,
           shooting
           forth
           
             great
             ,
             large
             ,
             strong
             shoots
             ,
          
           and
           
             branches
             ,
          
           they
           beare
           but
           
             littl●
             fruit
             ,
          
           or
           none
           at
           all
           :
           But
           af●er
           certaine
           yeares
           ,
           when
           they
           grow
           not
           so
           much
           ,
           when
           they
           
             shoute
             l●ss●
             ,
          
           then
           they
           fall
           to
           
             bearing
             fruits
             more
             abundantly
          
        
         
           
             There
             be
             Trees
             that
             bear●
             best
             when
             th●y
             begin
             to
             be
             old
             ;
          
           
           
             As
             Almonds
             ,
             Peares
             ,
             Vines
             ,
             and
             all
             trees
             that
             give
             Mast.
             
             The
             Cause
             is
             ,
             for
             that
             all
             trees
             that
             beare
             Mast
             ,
             have
             an
             oylie
             Fruit
             :
             and
             young
             trees
             have
             a
             more
             watry
             juyce
             and
             lesse
             concocted
             .
             But
             the
             most
             part
             of
             Trees
             :
             Amongst
             which
             are
             Apples
             ,
             Plums
             &c.
             bear●
             best
             when
             they
             are
             young
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pear●-trees
             ,
             Apple-trees
             ,
             Plum●
          
           and
           
             Cherry
             trees
             ,
          
           
           if
           they
           be
           
             good
             ●earing
             kinds
             naturally
             ,
          
           after
           they
           are
           
             three
             ,
          
           or
           
             foure
             yeares
             grow●h
          
           (
           and
           some
           sooner
           )
           do
           all
           
             beare
             store
             of
             fruits
             ,
          
           untill
           they
           be
           
             extreame
             old
             ,
          
           and
           in
           a
           
             decaying
             ,
             dying
          
           condi●ion
           ;
           And
           there●ore
           in
           planting
           of
           
             Fruit-trees
             ,
          
           be
           sure
           to
           procure
           those
           kinds
           that
           are
           knowne
           by
           Experience
           to
           be
           
             good
             bearers
             ,
          
           and
           
             good
             fruits
             ,
          
           and
           such
           will
           beare
           well
           ,
           both
           when
           they
           are
           
             young
             ,
          
           and
           when
           they
           are
           
             old
             ,
          
           untill
           
             extreame
             age
             .
          
        
         
           Were
           I
           to
           plant
           an
           
             Orchard
             ,
          
           or
           
             Garden
             of
             Fruit-trees
             ,
          
           and
           might
           have
           
             Trees
          
           at
           hand
           ,
           freely
           ,
           for
           nothing
           ,
           of
           
             indifferent
             ,
             common
             kinds
             ,
          
           a●d
           but
           ind●fferent
           beare●s
           ,
           I
           would
           ra●her
           ch●●e
           to
           fetch
           ●hose
           tha●
           are
           choice
           kinds
           ,
           and
           speciall
           bearers
           one
           hundred
           or
           two
           hundred
           miles
           (
           if
           they
           could
           not
           be
           had
           neerer
           )
           and
           there
           pay
           deare
           
           for
           them
           too
           ,
           besides
           all
           other
           
             Charges
             ,
          
           then
           take
           those
           at
           hand
           ,
           for
           when
           men
           plant
           
             Fruit-●r●es
             ,
          
           It
           is
           not
           for
           a
           
             f●w
             ye●●es
             ,
          
           but
           fo●sev●rall
           
             generations
             :
          
           therefore
           take
           speciall
           care
           to
           have
           the
           
             b●st
             kinds
             ,
          
           for
           
             bearing
             ,
          
           and
           for
           
             R●lish
             ,
          
           or
           
             tast
          
           :
           that
           is
           the
           
             foundation
             of
             the
             work
             ,
          
           the
           
             principall
             thing
             in
             planting
             .
          
        
         
           Now
           when
           
             fruit-trees
          
           are
           growen
           to
           
             extreame
             old
             age
             ,
          
           and
           therefore
           be●re
           but
           little
           ,
           this
           m●y
           be
           done
           ;
           which
           will
           make
           them
           (
           as
           it
           were
           )
           
             young
             againe
             ,
          
           for
           certaine
           yeares
           ,
           and
           to
           beare
           
             exc●eding
             much
             fruit
             year●ly
          
           :
           That
           is
           ,
           Cut
           off
           their
           
             Head●
             ,
          
           or
           
             big
             bough●s
             ,
          
           not
           
             straight
             over
             ,
          
           but
           
             a
             slope
             ,
          
           that
           so
           
             Raine
             ,
          
           and
           
             moisture
          
           may
           not
           rest
           ●pon
           the
           
             top
             ,
          
           to
           rot
           it
           :
           These
           
             great
             Boughes
          
           will
           (
           the
           next
           sommer
           )
           put
           forth
           many
           
             young
             shoots
          
           ;
           which
           may
           be
           
             Inoculated
          
           the
           same
           sommer
           ,
           or
           
             Grafted
          
           the
           spring
           after
           ,
           with
           speciall
           bearing
           kinds
           :
           And
           these
           
             old
             Bodies
          
           h●ving
           
             young
             heads
          
           (
           which
           draw
           sap
           
             vigorously
          
           )
           will
           be
           much
           refreshed
           thereby
           :
           and
           such
           trees
           will
           beare
           store
           of
           fruits
           many
           yeares
           after
           .
        
         
           
           
             the
             Ro●ts
             of
             Trees
             do
             (
             some
             of
             them
             )
             put
             down●-wards
             ,
             deep
             into
             the
             ground
             ;
             As
             the
             Oake
             ,
             Pine
             ,
             Fi●re
             &
             c●
             some
             spread
             more
             towards
             the
             surface
             of
             the
             earth
             ;
             As
             the
             Ash
             ,
             Cypresse-tree
             ,
             Olive
             &c.
             
             The
             Ca●se
             of
             this
             l●●●r
             may
             be
             ,
             for
             that
             such
             Trees
             as
             lov●
             the
             sunne
             do
             not
             willi●gly
             d●scend
             farre
             into
             the
             Earth
             .
          
        
         
           
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           The
           
             Roots
             of
             Oak●
             Trees
             ,
          
           and
           some
           other
           kinds
           ,
           shoot
           
             d●wne
             deeper
             into
             the
             Earth
             ,
          
           then
           
             Ash-trees
             ,
          
           and
           some
           other
           ●●ees
           :
           May
           not
           the
           
             R●ason
          
           be
           (
           why
           some
           put
           their
           
             Roots
             de●per
          
           then
           others
           )
           b●c●●se
           those
           Trees
           have
           
             gr●ater
             ,
          
           and
           
             larger
             bodies
             ,
          
           then
           others
           :
           a●d
           Nature
           layes
           the
           
             foundation
          
           answerable
           to
           what
           is
           to
           be
           set
           upon
           it
           :
           Now
           
             O●kes
          
           being
           the
           
             greatest
             Trees
             ,
          
           Nature
           is
           wise
           enough
           (
           acco●ding
           to
           a
           Law
           God
           ha●h
           put
           into
           it
           )
           to
           make
           the
           Roote
           or
           foundation
           
             Answerable
             :
          
           O●he●wise
           I
           conceive
           ,
           the
           
             Roots
             of
             all
             trees
          
           would
           be
           as
           neere
           the
           
             top
             of
             the
             groun●
          
           as
           may
           be
           ,
           as
           
             loving
             the
             sun
             ,
          
           as
           having
           an
           absolute
           need
           of
           it
           in
           order
           to
           their
           growth
           ;
           And
           I
           am
           perswaded
           ,
           that
           the
           
             appetite
             of
             the
             spirit
             ,
          
           in
           all
           ●●ees
           whatsoever
           ,
           (
           one
           as
           well
           as
           another
           )
           is
           
             upwards
             ,
          
           and
           not
           
             downewards
             ,
          
           and
           never
           exerts
           it selfe
           
             down●-wards
             ,
          
           but
           upon
           necessity
           :
           and
           in
           order
           ,
           or
           in
           subordination
           ,
           to
           the
           growth
           of
           the
           body
           of
           the
           tree
           ,
           above
           ground
           .
        
         
           
           
             It
             hath
             been
             Observed
             ,
             that
             a
             Branch
             of
             a
             Tree
             ,
             being
             unbarked
             some
             space
             at
             the
             bo●tome
             ,
             and
             so
             set
             into
             the
             ground
             ,
             even
             of
             such
             trees
             as
             if
             the
             barke
             were
             set
             on
             ,
             they
             would
             not
             grow
             ,
             yet
             contrariwise
             we
             see
             that
             a
             Tree
             ●ared
             round
             in
             the
             body
             ,
             above
             gr●und
             ,
             will
             dye
             :
             The
             cause
             
             may
             be
             ,
             for
             that
             the
             unbarkt
             part
             draweth
             the
             nourishment
             best
             ,
             but
             the
             barke
             continueth
             it
             only
             .
          
        
         
           It
           is
           true●some
           
             branches
          
           that
           are
           
             unbark't
          
           at
           the
           bottome
           ,
           
           and
           set
           in
           the
           ground
           will
           grow
           :
           of
           
             some
             kinds
          
           of
           
             Apple-trees
          
           ;
           As
           the
           
             Quodling
             ,
             Nursgarden
             ,
             Moyse
             ,
          
           and
           some
           other
           kinds
           ,
           that
           have
           
             soft
             barks●
          
           Not
           
             because
             ,
          
           (
           not
           I
           suppose
           the
           
             sooner
          
           )
           for
           that
           the
           branch
           is
           
             unbark't
             ,
          
           for
           such
           will
           grow
           of
           
             cutting●
             ,
          
           or
           slips
           ,
           though
           they
           be
           not
           at
           all
           
             unbark't
             ,
          
           And
           those
           that
           be
           
             unbark't
          
           and
           grow
           ,
           it
           is
           not
           the
           
             unbark't
             par●
          
           that
           draweth
           nourish
           ne●t
           best
           ,
           nor
           th●t
           draweth
           it
           at
           all
           ;
           but
           the
           Roots
           put
           forth
           
             from
             the
             barke
             ,
          
           even
           at
           the
           very
           edge
           of
           the
           cut
           part
           ,
           and
           also
           some
           breake
           out
           of
           the
           Bark
           where
           it
           is
           not
           
             cut
             ,
          
           As
           we
           see
           in
           those
           branches
           of
           Trees
           from
           which
           we
           get
           Roots
           while
           they
           grow
           upon
           the
           tree
           ,
           by
           
             disb●●king
             of
             them
             ,
          
           an
           inch
           round
           ,
           and
           tying
           mould
           about
           :
           See
           how
           ,
           at
           large
           ,
           
             Treatis●
             of
             Fruit-trees
             .
          
           p.
           136.
           
        
         
           
             The
             grafting
             of
             Vines
             upon
             Vines
             (
             as
             I
             take
             it
             )
             is
             not
             now
             in
             use
             ;
          
           
           
             the
             Ancients
             had
             it
             ,
             and
             that
             th●ee
             waies
             :
             The
             first
             was
             insition
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             ordinary
             manner
             of
             grafting
             .
             The
             second
             was
             Terebra●ion
             through
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             stocke●
             and
             putting
             in
             the
             Cions
             there
             .
             And
             the
             third
             was
             ,
             p●ring
             of
             two
             Vines
             ,
             that
             grow
             together
             ,
             to
             the
             marrow
             ,
             and
             binding
             them
             close
             .
          
        
         
           I
           have
           tryed
           severall
           waies
           ,
           to
           
             graft
             Vines
          
           :
           
           by
           
             cleving
             ,
          
           or
           
             insition
             ,
          
           (
           as
           the
           Author
           calls
           it
           )
           and
           also
           by
           pari●g
           
             two
             Vines
             ,
          
           the
           
             stock
             ,
          
           and
           
             Graft
             ,
          
           on
           two
           sides
           ,
           which
           is
           my
           usuall
           ,
           and
           best
           way
           of
           
             grafting
          
           other
           
             Fruit-trees
             ,
          
           but
           neither
           took
           effect
           :
           so
           that
           I
           am
           perswaded
           those
           
             Fruit-trees
          
           that
           are
           so
           easily
           propagated
           by
           other
           meanes
           ,
           as
           by
           
             laying
             downe
             the
             Branches
             ,
          
           into
           the
           earth
           ,
           and
           by
           
             cuttings
             ,
          
           that
           these
           will
           not
           take
           with
           
             Grafting
             ,
          
           or
           
             Inoculating
          
           as
           
             Vines
             ,
             Mulberries
             &c.
             
          
           I
           have
           tryed
           many
           Experiments
           about
           
             Mu●berries
             ,
          
           both
           for
           
             grafting
             ,
          
           and
           
             Inoculating
             ,
          
           ●pon
           severall
           kinds
           of
           stock●
           ,
           and
           yet
           none
           succeeded
           :
           but
           
             Mulberries
          
           are
           increased
           by
           
             laying
             downe
             the
             Branches
             ,
          
           and
           by
           
             cutting
             ,
          
           as
           
             Vines
          
           are
           :
           so
           that
           I
           conceive
           
             this
             grafting
             ,
          
           mentioned
           by
           some
           
             Ancient
             Authors
             ,
          
           is
           but
           a
           conceit
           of
           theirs
           ,
           
           (
           a
           grafting
           in
           the
           braine
           )
           insteed
           of
           a
           
             reall
             Exp●riment
             ,
          
           like
           multitudes
           of
           other
           things
           recorded
           by
           some
           who
           (
           its
           probable
           by
           what
           they
           say
           )
           had
           no
           
             Experimentall
             knowledge
             ,
             in
             the
             things
             they
             spake
             .
          
        
         
           
             As
             for
             Ma●uration
             of
             fruits
             ,
          
           
           
             it
             is
             effected
             by
             heate
             ,
             motion
             ,
             attract●on
             ;
             and
             by
             a
             rudiment
             of
             putrefaction
             ,
             for
             the
             inception
             of
             putrefaction
             ,
             hath
             in
             it
             a
             maturation
             .
          
        
         
           Concerning
           the
           
             maturation
          
           or
           speedy
           ripe●ing
           or
           concocting
           of
           
           
           
             Fruits
             ,
          
           all
           kinds
           of
           
             Heate
          
           (
           as
           the
           Author
           saies
           )
           hastneth
           it
           
             faster
             ,
          
           or
           
             slower
             ,
          
           according
           to
           the
           
             degree
             of
             heate
             :
          
           As
           we
           see
           by
           Experience
           ,
           
             Apples
             ,
          
           or
           
             Peares
          
           laid
           upon
           a
           heape
           together
           (
           being
           newly
           gathered
           )
           they
           
             m●llow
             ,
          
           and
           
             rip●n
             faster
          
           then
           if
           they
           lay
           
             single
             ,
          
           at
           distance
           one
           f●om
           another
           .
           Al●o
           
             Apples
          
           covered
           in
           
             Lime
             ,
             hay●
             straw
             ,
             &c.
          
           will
           be
           
             m●ll●w
             ,
          
           in
           a
           short
           
             time
          
           ;
           But
           the
           most
           speedy
           way
           to
           
             ripen
             hard
             fruits
             ,
          
           and
           to
           abate
           the
           grosse
           tartnesse
           of
           them
           ,
           is
           the
           common
           Experiment
           by
           a
           
             gentle
             heate
          
           before
           the
           
             fire
             ,
          
           or
           in
           an
           
             Oven
          
           after
           bread
           is
           drawen
           .
        
         
           So
           we
           see
           (
           as
           the
           A●thor
           obse●ves
           )
           If
           
             fruits
          
           are
           eate
           with
           
             Wasps
             ,
             Hornets
             ,
             Bird●
             &c.
          
           some
           part
           of
           them
           ,
           the
           rest
           
             sweeten
             ,
          
           and
           
             rip●n
             sooner
             ,
             putrefaction
          
           beg●nning
           ,
           and
           hastning
           by
           reason
           of
           
             solution
             of
             continuity
             ,
          
           in
           that
           part
           .
        
         
           
           
             We
             see
             that
             Beere
             or
             Wine
             in
             Bottles
             close
             stopped
             lasts
             long
             :
             And
             that
             Fruits
             closed
             in
             Wax
             k●epe
             fresh
             :
             And
             lik●wise
             bodies
             put
             in
             Hony
             and
             Flower
             ,
             keepe
             more
             fresh
             .
          
        
         
           
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           th●t
           
             Liquors
          
           when
           they
           are
           well
           setled
           in
           the
           
             V●ss●ll
             ,
          
           (
           after
           a
           certaine
           time
           )
           and
           after
           drawen
           ou●
           into
           
             B●ttles
             ,
          
           and
           stopped
           very
           close
           with
           
             Corke
             ,
          
           and
           set
           in
           a
           
             C●ll●r
             ,
          
           or
           
             buried
             in
             sand
             ,
          
           such
           will
           be
           much
           more
           
             fresh
             ,
          
           and
           
             quick
          
           th●●
           th●●●me
           
             Liquor
          
           in
           a
           gre●t
           
             Vessell
             ,
          
           especially
           if
           any
           part
           of
           it
           be
           drawen
           off
           :
           And
           therefore
           this
           is
           a
           good
           way
           to
           keep
           
             Cider
             ,
             Perry
             ,
             White-wine
             ,
          
           or
           the
           like
           ,
           and
           that
           for
           a
           long
           time
           ●ogether
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           
             Fruits
          
           closed
           in
           
             wax
             ,
          
           or
           put
           in
           
             honey
             .
          
           I
           find
           that
           even
           
             Cherries
          
           (
           which
           are
           more
           subject
           to
           corruption
           ●hen
           many
           other
           k●nds
           of
           fruits
           )
           will
           keep
           
             fresh
             ,
          
           many
           weekes
           toge●her
           ,
           more
           then
           they
           will
           do
           of
           themselves
           in
           the
           
             open
             Aire
             :
             exclusion
             of
             Aire
          
           preserve●
           them
           for
           a
           time
           ,
           but
           yet
           
             putre●ac●ion
          
           at
           length
           will
           worke
           within
           ,
           because
           of
           the
           
             superfluous
             moisture
             ,
          
           which
           h●d
           need
           of
           
             drying
             up
             .
          
           I
           have
           tryed
           
             Fruits
             in
             Hon●y
             ,
             (
             Aprecots
             ,
             Plums
             ,
             Cherries
             )
          
           and
           they
           held
           good
           two
           ,
           or
           three
           Monthes
           :
           a●terwards
           pu●re●action
           began
           .
        
         
           
           
             A
             Bottle
             of
             Beere
             buried
             foure
             foote
             d●epe
             in
             the
             ground
             ,
             became
             more
             liv●ly
             better
             tasted
             ,
             and
             clear●r
             ,
             then
             it
             was●
             and
             a
             Bottle
             of
             Wine
             in
             like
             manner
             :
             A
             Bottle
             of
             Vineger
             so
             buried
             came
             forth
             more
             lively
             ,
             and
             more
             ●doriferous
             ,
             smelling
             almost
             like
             a
             Vi●l●t
             after
             a
             Month
             ,
             buriall
             all
             the
             three
             came
             forth●
             as
             fresh
             and
             lively
             ,
             if
             not
             better
             then
             before
             .
          
        
         
           
           This
           is
           certaine
           ,
           That
           
             Beere
             ,
             Ale
             ,
             Cider
             ,
          
           and
           
             Wine
             ,
          
           when
           well
           setled
           and
           cleared
           in
           the
           Vessell
           ,
           and
           drawen
           off
           into
           
             Bottles
             ,
          
           and
           well
           stopt
           with
           
             Corke
             ,
          
           and
           
             wax
          
           ;
           will
           continue
           
             fr●sh
             ,
          
           and
           
             good
             ,
          
           much
           
           longer
           then
           in
           the
           Vessell
           :
           If
           the
           
             Bottles
          
           are
           
             buried
          
           in
           
             sand
             ,
          
           (
           as
           was
           said
           before
           )
           or
           buried
           
             a
             yard
             ,
          
           or
           more
           in
           the
           ground
           :
           The
           reason
           I
           conceive
           is
           ,
           for
           that
           as
           no
           
             Aire
          
           can
           possibly
           penetrate
           so
           
             deepe
             ,
          
           and
           through
           the
           
             Bottle
             ,
          
           to
           the
           
             Liquor
             ,
          
           nor
           can
           the
           
             spirits
          
           of
           the
           Liquor
           (
           in
           the
           least
           )
           get
           out
           :
           so
           neither
           can
           the
           
             Liquor
          
           suffer
           any
           prejudice
           by
           
             alteration
             of
             the
             Aire
          
           from
           
             heate
          
           to
           
             cold
             ,
          
           as
           it
           does
           in
           
             vessells
             above
             ground
             .
          
        
         
           
             Tryall
             hath
             beene
             made
             ,
             with
             earthen
             Bottles
             ,
             well
             stopped
             ,
          
           
           
             hanged
             in
             a
             well
             of
             Twenty
             Fathome
             deepe
             ,
             at
             the
             least
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             the
             Bottles
             have
             been
             let
             downe
             into
             the
             water
             ,
             some
             others
             have
             hanged
             above
             ,
             w●th●in
             about
             a
             Fathome
             of
             the
             water
             :
             Wine
             ,
             and
             Beere
             in
             these
             Bottles
             have
             kept
             better
             ,
             then
             in
             a
             Cell●r
             ,
             but
             those
             above
             water
             were
             apparently
             the
             best
             .
          
        
         
           The
           
             Cause
          
           why
           
             Beere
             ,
             wine
             ,
             Cider
          
           or
           the
           like
           ,
           
           will
           
             keepe
             better
             thus
             ,
          
           and
           in
           
             Earth
             ,
             sand
             &c.
          
           (
           as
           before
           )
           then
           in
           
             V●ssells
             ,
          
           or
           
             Bottles
          
           above
           ground
           ,
           I
           apprehen●
           (
           as
           was
           said
           )
           for
           that
           the
           
             Aire
             is
             excluded
             ,
          
           and
           the
           
             spirits
             shut
             in
          
           :
           also
           the
           Aire
           above
           ground
           is
           subject
           to
           variation●
           some●imes
           more
           
             hot
             ,
          
           and
           sometimes
           more
           
             cold
          
           :
           which
           som●what
           stirrs
           ,
           and
           affects
           the
           
             spirits
          
           of
           the
           
             Liquor
          
           in
           the
           
             Vess●ll
             ,
          
           whe●●by
           they
           become
           
             weaker
             .
          
        
         
           I
           have
           heard
           i●
           repor●ed
           for
           a
           truth
           ,
           That
           
             Bottles
          
           of
           
             Wine
             ,
          
           (
           or
           some
           other
           
             Liquor
          
           )
           were
           found
           in
           a
           
             deepe
             draw-well
             ,
          
           which
           had
           been
           many
           yeares
           f●●d
           up
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           opened
           ,
           and
           cle●sed
           againe
           for
           use
           :
           and
           the
           
             Liquor
          
           was
           found
           to
           be
           very
           
             fresh
             ,
          
           and
           
             good
             ,
          
           notwithstanding
           it
           had
           l●en
           there
           many
           yeare
           :
           whereby
           it
           is
           manifest
           ,
           th●t
           this
           way
           of
           
             keeping
             Liquors
             ,
          
           will
           preserve
           it
           good
           
             a
             long
             time
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           The
           IX
           .
           CENTURY
           .
        
         
           
             WE
             have
             partly
             touched
             before
             ,
          
           
           
             the
             meanes
             of
             producing
             fruits
             without
             Cores
             ,
             or
             stones
             :
             And
             this
             we
             adde
             further
             ,
             that
             the
             Cause
             must
             be
             abundance
             of
             moisture
             ,
             for
             that
             the
             Core
             ,
             and
             stone
             ,
             are
             made
             of
             a
             dry
             sap●
             And
             we
             see
             that
             it
             is
             possible
             to
             mak●
             a
             Tr●e
             put
             forth
             o●ly
             in
             Blossome
             without
             fruit
             ,
             as
             in
             Cherries
             with
             double
             flowers
             :
             much
             more
             in
             fruit
             ,
             without
             stone
             or
             Cores
             .
          
        
         
           This
           hath
           beene
           spoken
           to
           sufficiently
           before
           ,
           
           See
           Experiment
           
           514.
           
           It
           is
           neither
           the
           
             taking
             out
          
           of
           the
           
             Pi●h
             ,
          
           as
           is
           there
           prescribed
           ;
           nor
           the
           
             abundance
             of
             moisture
             ,
          
           as
           here
           ,
           that
           will
           work
           this
           
             effect
          
           :
           some
           Trees
           have
           a
           greate
           deale
           
             too
             much
             moisture
             ,
          
           and
           yet
           the
           fruits
           of
           such
           have
           neverthelesse
           
             cores
             ,
          
           or
           
             stones
             .
          
        
         
           As
           for
           the
           
             Cherry-tree
          
           that
           puts
           forth
           
             Bloss●ms
             without
             Fruits
          
           :
           that
           is
           not
           made
           to
           do
           so
           by
           any
           mans
           
             Art
             ,
          
           or
           
             Skill
          
           :
           but
           it
           is
           
             naturall
          
           :
           I
           know
           the
           kind
           well
           ,
           it
           is
           as
           naturall
           for
           it
           to
           beare
           
             double
             blossoms
             ,
             without
             Fruit
             ,
          
           as
           for
           any
           other
           Tree
           to
           beare
           such
           ,
           or
           such
           a
           kind
           of
           fruit
           .
        
         
           
           
             Trees
             set
             upon
             the
             back●
             of
             Chimneys
             ,
             do
             ripen
             fruits
             sooner
             :
             Vines
             that
             have
             been
             drawen
             in
             at
             the
             window
             of
             a
             Kitchen
             ,
             have
             sent
             forth
             Grapes
             ripe
             a
             mo●th
             (
             at
             l●ast
             )
             before
             others
             .
          
        
         
           
           Thi●
           is
           certaine
           (
           as
           the
           Author
           saie●●
           such
           a
           kind
           of
           
             heate
             ,
          
           as
           is
           upon
           the
           
             back
             of
             Chimneys
             ,
          
           where
           fire
           is
           continually
           ,
           or
           most
           commonly
           kept
           ,
           will
           much
           
             hasten
             the
             ripening
             of
             fruits
             .
          
           I
           have
           seene
           a
           
             thin
             Brick
             wall
          
           whe●e
           
             fire
          
           hath
           been
           kept
           on
           the
           one
           side
           ;
           and
           
             Fruit-trees
          
           have
           been
           plan●●d
           on
           the
           other
           side
           :
           which
           have
           brought
           forth
           ripe
           f●uits
           very
           early
           :
           much
           sooner
           then
           the
           same
           ●inds
           without
           such
           
             artificiall
             heate
             .
          
        
         
           But
           (
           as
           I
           remember
           )
           such
           trees
           dye
           ,
           soone
           after
           bearing
           ,
           they
           last
           but
           one
           yeare
           :
           being
           so
           much
           forced
           with
           
             heate
             ,
          
           it
           destroyes
           nature
           .
        
         
           And
           
             Branches
             of
             Vines
          
           being
           drawen
           in
           at
           the
           
             window
             of
             a
             Kitchen
             ,
          
           or
           room
           where
           fire
           is
           kept
           :
           the
           
             fruits
          
           will
           be
           
             ripe
             sooner
          
           then
           those
           without
           dores
           :
           but
           let
           it
           not
           be
           too
           neere
           the
           
             fire
             ,
          
           lest
           it
           
             wither
             ,
          
           or
           over
           much
           
             dry
          
           the
           
             branch
             .
          
        
         
           THE
           END
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
           I
           desire
           the
           Reader
           to
           amend
           these
           faults
           escaped
           in
           Printing
           .
        
         
           PAg.
           2.
           line
           1●●
           for
           
             forming●
          
           reade
           
             forcing
          
           of
           nature
           .
           p.
           30.
           l.
           6.
           put
           a
           full
           poynt
           af●er
           the
           w●●d
           
             Flower
             .
          
           p.
           30.
           
           ●
           .
           7.
           for
           
             is
             ,
          
           read
           
             with
             .
          
           p.
           32.
           l.
           the
           last
           ,
           for
           
             vari●ty
             ,
          
           ●ead
           
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           p.
           40.
           l.
           the
           fir●t
           ,
           for
           
             winds
             ,
          
           read
           
             wines
             .
          
        
      
       
       
         
           A
           Table
           shewing
           the
           Principall
           things
           contained
           in
           the
           ensuing
           Experiments
           ,
           and
           Observations
           .
        
         
           
             ACceleration
             of
             Germination
             ,
             by
             s●wing
             seede
             upon
             a
             hot-bed
          
           
             
               pag.
               1.
               
            
          
           
             Steeping
             of
             seeds
             ,
             kernells
             ,
             stones
             ,
             &c.
             in
             Liquors
             before
             sowing
             ,
             to
             make
             them
             spring
             up
             the
             sooner
          
           
             
               p.
               2.
               
            
          
           
             Watring
             of
             Strawberries
             ,
             to
             hasten
             their
             ripening
          
           
             
               p●
               3.
               
            
          
           
             Blood
             ,
             and
             other
             things
             applyed
             to
             the
             Roots
             of
             trees
             ,
             helps
             towards
             th●iving
             of
             the
             Trees
             ,
             and
             bearing
             of
             Fruits
             ,
             moderately
             ,
             and
             seasonably
             observed
             
               p.
               3.
               
            
             Fruits
             upon
             the
             south
             ,
             and
             East
             sun
             ,
             ripen
             soonest
          
           
             
               p.
               3.
               
            
          
           
             Digging
             about
             the
             Roots
             of
             some
             Trees
             ,
             is
             profitable
          
           
             
               p.
               4.
               
            
          
           
             Rose-trees
             bud
             forth
             in
             the
             house
             
               p.
               4.
               
            
             Flowers
             with
             bulbous
             Roots
             ,
             grow
             a
             time
             in
             water
             
               p.
               4.
               
            
             Pease
             ,
             Radish
             &c.
             Early
          
           
             
               p
               4.
               
            
          
           
             Water
             nec●ssary
             to
             fruit-trees
             but
             not
             overmuch
          
           
             
               p.
               5.
               
            
          
           
             Plants
             housed
             seas●●ably
             ,
             bud
             soonest
             
               p.
               5.
               
            
             To
             make
             Roses
             come
             late
             ,
             severall
             meanes
             
               p.
               5
               ,
               6
               ,
               7.
               
            
             Stones
             ,
             weeds
             ,
             muck
             &c.
             laid
             about
             the
             Roots
             of
             new
             set
             trees
             ,
             makes
             them
             prosper
             b●tter
          
           
             
               p.
               7.
               
            
          
           
             Keepe
             Trees
             st●dy
             ,
             at
             first
             se●ting
             
               p
               8.
               
            
             Cut
             away
             suckers
             ,
             and
             side
             branches
             ,
             as
             need
             is
             
               p.
               8.
               
            
             Branches
             of
             some
             Trees
             laid
             in
             the
             ground
             ,
             take
             Roote
             
               p●
               8.
               
            
             How
             to
             take
             ●ff
             the
             Boughes
             of
             some
             trees
             with
             Roots
          
           
             
               p.
               8.
               
            
          
           
             No
             descention
             of
             sap
             in
             Trees
             ,
             divers
             Arguments
             against
             it
             .
          
           
             
               p.
               9.
               
            
          
           
             How
             to
             make
             barren
             Trees
             fruitfull
             
               p.
               9
               ,
               10.
               
            
             Trees
             against
             a
             South-wall
             beare
             fruits
             ripe
             soonest
             
               10.
               
            
             Pull
             not
             off
             leaves
             too
             so●ne
          
           
             
               p.
               10.
               
            
          
           
             Fruits
             on
             low
             boughes
             ,
             ripe
             soon●st
             
               p.
               11.
               
            
             Graft
             trees
             that
             beare
             not
             ,
             or
             beare
             not
             good
             fruits
             ,
             with
             Grafts
             of
             good
             bearing
             kinds
          
           
             
               p.
               11.
               
            
          
           
             Digging
             ●bout
             the
             Roots
             of
             trees
             ,
             profitable
             to
             some
             
               p.
               12.
               
            
             Opening
             the
             Roots
             of
             old
             trees
             ,
             and
             putting
             in
             good
             mould
             ,
             is
             nec●ssary
             in
             barren
             ground
             
               p.
               12.
               
            
             Tra●splant
             trees
             from
             bad
             ground
             ,
             to
             better
          
           
             
               p.
               12.
               
            
          
           
             Cu●ting
             ,
             or
             scoring
             the
             bark
             of
             trees●
             sometimes
             profitable
          
           
             
               p.
               13.
               
            
          
           
             Shade
             good
             for
             some
             trees
             
               p
               13.
               
            
             Pull
             off
             Blossoms
             in
             some
             Cases
          
           
             
               p.
               13
               ,
               14.
               
            
          
           
             Grafting
             helpeth
             not
             trees
             ,
             exc●pt
             the
             Grafts
             are
             of
             good
             kinds
          
           
             
               p.
               14.
               
            
          
           
             G●afts
             do
             governe
             ,
             yet
             partake
             somewhat
             of
             the
             stock
          
           
             
               p.
               14
               ,
               15.
               
            
          
           
             Fruit-trees
             of
             some
             kernells
             ,
             beare
             good
             fruits
             
               p.
               15
               ,
               16.
               
            
             Remove
             Flowers
             into
             fresh
             ●arth
             
               p.
               16.
               
            
             Regrafting
             the
             same
             Graft
             mak●s
             not
             fruits
             greater
             
               p
               16.
               
            
             Cut
             not
             off
             the
             ●ops
             of
             young
             fig-trees
             
               p.
               17.
               
            
             Blacke
             Mulberry-trees
             great
             bearers
             
               p.
               17.
               
            
             Lees
             of
             Wine●
             Blood
             &c.
             good
             especially
             to
             old
             trees
             
               p.
               17.
               
            
             Terebration
             of
             trees
             ,
             good
             for
             some
             trees
          
           
             
               17.
               
            
          
           
             Pricking
             ,
             or
             scoring
             some
             trees
             ,
             profitable
             
               p.
               18.
               
            
             Swines
             dung
             ,
             good
             for
             
             trees
             ,
             if
             moderately
             used
             
               p.
               18.
               
            
             Simply
             grafting
             doth
             not
             meliorat●
             fruits
             
               p.
               18.
               
            
             Chuse
             the
             b●st
             Grafts
             ,
             and
             Stocks
          
           
             
               p.
               18.
               
            
          
           
             Rot●en
             dung
             ,
             b●st
             for
             trees
             
               p.
               19.
               
            
             Fruit
             growing
             in
             Pots
          
           
             
               p.
               19.
               
            
          
           
             Set
             not
             any
             Trees
             below
             the
             soyle
             
               p.
               20.
               
            
             Fruits
             upon
             warme
             walles
             ripen
             soonest
             
               p.
               20.
               
            
             Graft
             upon
             the
             b●st
             sto●k●
          
           
             
               p.
               20.
               
            
          
           
             The
             Causes
             of
             Barrenn●sse
             of
             Trees
             
               21
            
             Of
             Compounding
             fruits
             ,
             making
             of
             s●ve●all
             kinds
             ,
             one
             n●w
             kind
             
               22.
               
            
             Sym●athy●
             and
             Antipathy
             of
             Plant
          
           
             
               23.
               
            
          
           
             Severall
             kinds
             drawing
             ●he
             ●●me
             ●uyce
             ,
             or
             sap
             ,
             convert
             it
             into
             their
             own●
             Natures
             
               p.
               24
            
             Of
             making
             herbs
             ,
             and
             Fruits
             Medicinable
          
           
             
               p.
               25.
               
            
          
           
             Curiosities
             about
             F●uits
             ,
             and
             Plants
             
               p.
               26.
               
            
             Fruits
             of
             severall
             shapes
          
           
             
               26.
               
            
          
           
             Fruits
             ,
             and
             trees
             wi●h
             insc●iptions●
             or
             ingravings
             upon
             them
          
           
             
               p.
               26.
               
            
          
           
             Set
             Letters
             on
             Fruit-trees
             ,
             to
             know
             the
             kinds
             
               p.
               27.
               
            
             Trees
             appa●elled
             with
             Flow●rs
             
               p.
               ●7
               .
            
             R●move
             Flowers
             into
             fr●sh
             mould
          
           
             
               p.
               27
               ,
               28.
               
            
          
           
             Lay
             Fl●wers
             to
             multiply
             them
             ,
             see
             how
          
           
             
               p●
               28.
               
            
          
           
             Cl●ve-Gilly●
             Flowers
             ,
             the
             most
             u●●full
             
               p.
               29.
               
            
             White
             colours
             ,
             more
             inodorate
             
               p
               29●
            
             White
             fruits
             c●mmonly
             b●st
          
           
             
               p.
               30.
               
            
          
           
             D●ff●●●nt
             co●ours
             fr●m
             one
             kind
             of
             seed●
          
           
             
               p.
               30.
               
            
          
           
             Ga●her
             s●●d●
             fr●m
             the
             best
             F●owers
             
               p.
               31.
               
            
             How
             to
             have
             flowers
             faire
             ,
             and
             double
             
               p.
               31.
               
            
             Roses
             multiplyed
             by
             Inoculating
          
           
             
               p.
               32.
               
            
          
           
             Fruits
             without
             Core
             ,
             or
             st●ne
             
               p.
               32.
               
            
             Grafts
             upon
             the
             sweetest
             stocks
             ,
             beare
             the
             sweet●st
             fruits
             
               p.
               33.
               
            
             Degenerating
             of
             Pla●ts
          
           
             
               p.
               34.
               
            
          
           
             Some
             Fl●wers
             degenerate
             ,
             and
             change
             ,
             through
             barrennesse
             of
             the
             soyle
          
           
             
               34.
               
            
          
           
             Seede
             of
             some
             fruits
             d●generate
             ,
             see
             the
             Cause
          
           
             
               p.
               34.
               
            
          
           
             P●aches
             come
             not
             better
             of
             stones
             ,
             then
             Grafting
          
           
             
               p.
               35.
               
            
          
           
             Dwarfe
             trees
             beare
             great
             fruits
             ,
             and
             many
          
           
             
               p.
               35
               ,
               36.
               
            
          
           
             Help
             barren
             s●yles
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             are
             too
             most
             ,
             lay
             them
             dryer
          
           
             
               p.
               36
               ,
               37.
               
            
          
           
             Some
             trees
             beare
             twice
             a
             y●are
             
               p.
               37.
               
            
             Cutting
             fruit-trees
             conduceth
             to
             their
             lasting
             in
             some
             cases
             
               p.
               37.
               
            
             How
             to
             keepe
             fruits
             long
          
           
             
               p.
               38.
               
            
          
           
             Wine
             of
             Ch●rri●s
             ,
             and
             other
             fruits
             
               p.
               39.
               
            
             Cider
             ,
             and
             Perry
             ,
             conduce
             to
             health
             and
             long
             life
             
               p.
               39
            
             An
             excellent
             drink
             made
             of
             Plums
          
           
             
               p.
               40.
               
            
          
           
             Plant
             the
             best
             be●ring
             tr●es
             
               p.
               40.
               
            
             Most
             fruits
             commonly
             on
             the
             low●st
             bough●s
             ,
             the
             Caus●p
             .
             
               40.
               
            
             Co●d
             b●aring
             kinds
             beare
             betime
             ,
             and
             continue
             long
             
               p.
               41.
               
            
             Get
             the
             best
             kinds
             upon
             any
             rates
          
           
             
               p.
               41.
               
            
          
           
             Graft
             againe
             o●d
             trees
             if
             bad
             fruits
             ,
             or
             bad
             bearers
             
               p.
               41.
               
            
             Some
             trees
             grow
             de●per
             then
             o●h●rs
             ,
             the
             Cause
             
               p
               42.
               
            
             Some
             trees
             take
             Root
             of
             slips
          
           
             
               p
               42.
               
            
          
           
             Vines
             take
             not
             with
             Graf●ing
             .
             Lay
             the
             branches
             in
             the
             Earth
          
           
             
               p
               43.
               
            
          
           
             H●●te
             hastneth
             Maturation
             of
             F●uits
          
           
             
               p.
               43.
               
            
          
           
             How
             to
             keep
             Cid●r
             ,
             (
             and
             other
             Liquors
             )
             long
          
           
             
               p.
               44.
               
            
          
           
             Bottles
             of
             Liquor
             in
             sand
             ,
             earth
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               p.
               44.
               
            
          
           
             Fruits
             cannot
             be
             made
             wi●hout
             Cores
             ,
             or
             stones
          
           
             
               p.
               45.
               
            
          
           
             Artificiall
             heate
             may
             h●lp
             to
             ripen
             fruits
             ●ooner
          
           
             
               p.
               46.
               
            
          
        
         
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A26232e-180
           
             *
             
               Directions
               for
               walking
               with
               God
               ;
               pag.
               49.
               
            
          
        
         
           Notes for div A26232e-810
           
             *
             In
             his
             Epistle
             to
             his
             Naturall
             ●istory
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A26232e-1960
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             401.
             
          
           
             
               Obse●vation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Expe●iment
               .
            
             402.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             403.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             404.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             405.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             406.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             407.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             408.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             409.
             
          
           
             
               Observat●on
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             411.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             412.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             413.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             414.
             
          
           
             
               Ob●ervation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             415.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             416.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experim●nt
               .
            
             417.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             4●8
             .
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             419.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             420.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             421.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             423.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             4●4
             .
          
           
             
               Obs●●vation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             4●●
             .
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             4●7
             .
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             428.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             429.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             430.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             431.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             ●32
             .
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             433.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experim●nt
               .
            
             434.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Exp●●im●nt
               .
            
             435.
             
          
           
             
               Obse●vation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Expe●iment
               .
            
             436.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             439.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             440.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             441.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             427.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             450.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             452.
             
          
           
             
               Obse●vation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             453.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             452.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             455.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             456.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             457.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             463.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             464.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Expe●iment
               .
            
             4●5
             .
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             467.
             
          
           
             
               Ob●ervation
               .
            
          
           
             See
             pag.
             18.
             
             Trea●●●e
             of
             Fruit-trees
             .
             pag.
             98.
             
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             468.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             470.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             471.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             See
             h●re●f
             Treatise
             of
             Fruit-t●ees
             .
             pag.
             63.64
             .
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             472.
             
          
           
             
               Ob●ervation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Exp●●im●nt
               .
            
             475.
             
          
           
             
               Ob●e●vation
            
          
           
             S●e
             pag.
             18.
             
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             476.
             
          
           
             Barrennesse
             of
             Trees
             .
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiments
            
             477
             ,
             478
             ,
             479.
             
          
           
             Compound●ng
             of
             Fruits
             .
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             (a)
             N●t
             .
             Hist.
             p●g
             .
             16●
             .
          
           
             (b)
             Advan●
             .
             L●a●
             .
             ●
             .
             1.
             p.
             32.
             
          
           
             
               Experiments
            
             480
             ,
             481
             ,
             &c
             
          
           
             Sympathy
             ,
             &
             Antipathy
             of
             Plants
             .
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             499.
             
          
           
             Making
             Herbs
             ,
             and
             Fruits
             Medicinable
             .
          
           
             
               Observations
               .
            
          
        
         
           Notes for div A26232e-12980
           
             
               Experiments
            
             501.
             &c.
             Cu●iosi●●●s
             about
             〈◊〉
             ,
             and
             P●ants
             .
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             502.
             
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             503.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             504.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             506.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             570.
             
          
           
             
               Ob●ervation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiments
            
             5●8
             .
             &
             5●9
             .
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Ex●er●ment
               .
            
             510.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             See
             Exper.
             481.
             
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             513.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             541.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             *
             Some
             
               old
               fruit
               trees
            
             are
             
               holl●w
               ,
            
             all
             along
             their
             bodies
             ,
             having
             
               no
               Pith
            
             at
             all
             ,
             which
             bring
             forth
             
               fruits
            
             with
             no
             lesse
             
               Core
               ,
            
             or
             
               Stone
            
             for
             that
             .
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             515.
             
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             516.
             
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             517.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             Of
             this
             See
             Exper.
             514.
             
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             518.
             
          
           
             Degenerating
             of
             Plants
             .
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             (a)
             Exper.
             506.
             
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             519.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             534.
             
          
           
             Procerity
             ,
             and
             Lownesse
             of
             trees
             .
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             535.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             544.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             578.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             579.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             586.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
        
         
           Notes for div A26232e-19590
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             624.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             627.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             633.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             Se●Mr
             
               H●rtlibs
            
             Leg●cy
             of
             ●●●bandry
             pag.
             ●●
          
           
             
               Ex●eriment
               .
            
             634.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Ex●erim●nt
               .
            
             ●37
             .
          
           
             
               Ob●ervation
               .
            
          
           
             *
             The●●f●re
             o●serve
             the
             ●ir●c●ions
             given
             in
             the
             
               Tr●a●ise
               ●f
               Fruit
               trees
               ,
            
             p.
             70.
             in
             causing
             the
             b●āches
             to
             spread
             along
             the
             wall
             both
             waies
             which
             causeth
             f●uit
             bearing
             .
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             638.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             ●53
             .
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             654.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             668.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             See
             the
             Observation
             upon
             the
             477.
             Experim●
             
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             316.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             343.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             378.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Experiment●
            
             385.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
        
         
           Notes for div A26232e-24130
           
             
               Experiment
               .
            
             854.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Exp●riment
               .
            
             856.
             
          
           
             
               Observation
               .