subject-fruitCulture-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 13 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 754,762 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 58,058 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 98. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

trees, may, will, one, good, fruit, must, tree, great, first, well, two, much, fruits, time, make, branches, little, pear, ground, earth, without, shall, roots, many, part, long, wall, also, place, yet, grow, three, every, plant, sap, small, take, cut, best, plants, better, foot, garden, like, see, made, winter, pears, second

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The compleat gard''ner, or, Directions for cultivating and right ordering of fruit-gardens and kitchen-gardens with divers reflections on several parts of husbandry, in six books : to which is added, his treatise of orange-trees, with the raising of melons, omitted in the French editions / by the famous Monsr De La Quintinye ... ; made English by John Evelyn ... ; illustrated with copper plates., A treatise of fruit trees shewing the manner of planting, grafting, pruning, and ordering of them in all respects according to rules of experience gathered in the space of thirty seven years : whereunto is annexed observations upon Sr. Fran. Bacons Natural history, as it concerns fruit-trees, fruits and flowers : also, directions for planting of wood for building, fuel, and other uses, whereby the value of lands may be much improved in a short time with small cost and little labour / by Ra. Austen., and The manner of ordering fruit-trees by the Sieur Le Gendre ... ; wherein is treated of nurseries, wall-fruits, hedges of fruit-trees, dwarf-trees, high-standers, &c. ; written originally in French and translated faithfully into English at the request of severall persons of honour..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

great deal, one another, one side, two hundred, every one, three hundred, four hundred, put forth, hot beds, sloping walls, will make, take away, let us, taken away, great many, bring forth, one may, may say, will grow, well enough, first year, young trees, new branches, good earth, must needs, make use, thick branches, good fruits, winter boncretien, care must, every year, second place, early english, english books, new ones, south wall, described pag, every body, two sorts, much better, three foot, two inches, long time, open air, without doubt, many years, sloping wall, planting fruit, four foot, lower part

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The Garden of Eden, or, An accurate description of all flowers and fruits now growing in England with particular rules how to advance their nature and growth, as well in seeds and herbs, as the secret ordering of trees and plants / by that learned and great observer, Sir Hugh Plat. The manner of ordering fruit-trees by the Sieur Le Gendre ... ; wherein is treated of nurseries, wall-fruits, hedges of fruit-trees, dwarf-trees, high-standers, &c. ; written originally in French and translated faithfully into English at the request of severall persons of honour., and Nurseries, orchards, profitable gardens, and vineyards encouraged the present obstructions removed, and probable expedients for the better progress proposed, for the general benefit of His Majesties dominions, and more particularly of Cambridge and the champain-countries and northern parts of England : in several letters out of the country directed to Henry Oldenburg, Esq. ... / the first letter from Anthony Lawrence, all the rest from John Beale ....

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

trees, fruit, garden, winter, tcp, sun, good, tree, plants, pear, orchard, wall, spring, sap, roots, march, ground, flowers, apple, wine, white, summer, seed, scutcheon, peach, nursery, nurseries, graft, experiment, earth, chap, buds, branches, air, year, wood, water, violet, vines, treatise, tench, sunne, stock, st., spirits, south, sommer, soil, sloping, set

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be trees, and A short and sure guid[e] in the practice of raising and ordering of fruit-trees being the many years recreation and experience of Francis Drope ... is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

1. trees - The compleat gard''ner, or, Directions for cultivating and right ordering of fruit-gardens and kitchen-gardens with divers reflections on several parts of husbandry, in six books : to which is added, his treatise of orange-trees, with the raising of melons, omitted in the French editions / by the famous Monsr De La Quintinye ... ; made English by John Evelyn ... ; illustrated with copper plates.
2. trees - A nevv orchard and garden, or, The best way for planting, grafting, and to make any ground good for a rich orchard particularly in the nor[th] and generally for the whole kingdome of England, as in nature, reason, situation and all probabilitie, may and doth appeare : with the country housewifes garden for hearbes of common vse, their vertues, seasons, profits, ornaments, varietie of knots, models for trees, and plots for the best ordering of grounds and walkes : as also the husbandry of bees, with their seuerall vses and annoyances, being the experience of 48 yeares labour ... / by William Lawson ; whereunto is newly added the art of propagating plants, with the tree ordering manner of fruits in their gathering, carring home & preseruation.
3. trees - A treatise of fruit trees shewing the manner of planting, grafting, pruning, and ordering of them in all respects according to rules of experience gathered in the space of thirty seven years : whereunto is annexed observations upon Sr. Fran. Bacons Natural history, as it concerns fruit-trees, fruits and flowers : also, directions for planting of wood for building, fuel, and other uses, whereby the value of lands may be much improved in a short time with small cost and little labour / by Ra. Austen.

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

1. trees, good, fruit - The compleat gard''ner, or, Directions for cultivating and right ordering of fruit-gardens and kitchen-gardens with divers reflections on several parts of husbandry, in six books : to which is added, his treatise of orange-trees, with the raising of melons, omitted in the French editions / by the famous Monsr De La Quintinye ... ; made English by John Evelyn ... ; illustrated with copper plates.
2. trees, fruit, fruits - A treatise of fruit trees shewing the manner of planting, grafting, pruning, and ordering of them in all respects according to rules of experience gathered in the space of thirty seven years : whereunto is annexed observations upon Sr. Fran. Bacons Natural history, as it concerns fruit-trees, fruits and flowers : also, directions for planting of wood for building, fuel, and other uses, whereby the value of lands may be much improved in a short time with small cost and little labour / by Ra. Austen.
3. shall, trees, ground - The Garden of Eden, or, An accurate description of all flowers and fruits now growing in England with particular rules how to advance their nature and growth, as well in seeds and herbs, as the secret ordering of trees and plants / by that learned and great observer, Sir Hugh Plat.
4. wall, walls, sloping - Fruit-walls improved, by inclining them to the horizon, or, A way to build walls for fruit-trees whereby they may receive more sun shine, and heat, than ordinary / by a member of the Royal Society.
5. trees, haue, good - A nevv orchard and garden, or, The best way for planting, grafting, and to make any ground good for a rich orchard particularly in the nor[th] and generally for the whole kingdome of England, as in nature, reason, situation and all probabilitie, may and doth appeare : with the country housewifes garden for hearbes of common vse, their vertues, seasons, profits, ornaments, varietie of knots, models for trees, and plots for the best ordering of grounds and walkes : as also the husbandry of bees, with their seuerall vses and annoyances, being the experience of 48 yeares labour ... / by William Lawson ; whereunto is newly added the art of propagating plants, with the tree ordering manner of fruits in their gathering, carring home & preseruation.

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

trees, time, fruit, roots, fruits, branches, part, tree, p., ground, place, plants, others, end, kind, sorts, ones, manner, year, way, side, foot, order, kinds, earth, reason, sort, t, years, thing, things, stock, self, nothing, body, walls, stocks, leaves, wood, pear, seed, sap, use, quantity, one, water, season, number, length, places

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

be, is, are, have, being, make, do, grow, take, were, made, see, has, been, cut, having, say, set, was, had, planted, put, said, taken, come, give, plant, let, done, know, find, according, produce, begin, bear, keep, think, called, am, lay, found, makes, shoot, preserve, leave, growing, sow, does, cover, kept

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

trees, fruit, tree, pear, c., wall, earth, garden, winter, gardens, ground, pears, sap, sun, ●, peach, branch, fruits, peaches, white, chap, branches, foot, south, dung, heat, orange, red, apple, pag, summer, st., orchard, plum, plant, march, north, ibid, autumn, wood, water, nature, green, violet, august, vines, kitchen, fathoms, month, fig

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, them, they, i, we, their, you, your, its, our, my, his, he, us, themselves, me, him, one, her, she, himself, thy, theirs, prun''d, thee, severall, us''d, ours, mine, l, gard''ners, whereof, vp, ''s, ye, ''em, shou''d, s, myself, itself, τι, yours, withthem, whence, unbark''t, ti, thicknesse, ourselves, lodg''d, judg''d

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

good, other, great, such, little, same, first, many, more, small, best, much, new, second, better, long, least, large, most, thick, certain, old, full, several, necessary, young, dry, proper, fine, whole, last, strong, greater, third, particular, few, high, white, ripe, able, different, true, hot, common, own, sufficient, short, green, fit, cold

not, so, very, well, then, as, more, up, only, too, also, much, most, off, therefore, now, out, yet, especially, first, likewise, thus, commonly, sometimes, never, forth, long, here, even, together, enough, away, there, all, often, else, again, in, easily, always, pretty, that, otherwise, soon, is, consequently, before, down, almost, already

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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