Distant Reader - subject-france-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 96 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 6,637,860 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 69,144 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 87. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

king, de, duke, great, made, one, time, much, might, without, two, shall, france, prince, make, first, good, will, many, men, also, well, may, yet, kings, court, place, monsieur, people, french, sent, year, paris, majesty, army, day, take, little, now, city, put, taken, religion, come, never, give, lord, part, kingdom, came

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are A general chronological history of France beginning before the reign of King Pharamond, and ending with the reign of King Henry the Fourth, containing both the civil and the ecclesiastical transactions of that kingdom / by the sieur De Mezeray ... ; translated by John Bulteel ..., The history of the civil wars of France written in Italian, by H.C. Davila ; translated out of the original., and The history of the famous Edict of Nantes containing an account of all the persecutions that have been in France from its first publication to this present time : faithfully extracted from all the publick and private memoirs, that could possibly be procured / printed first in French, by the authority of the states of Holland and West-Friezland, and now translated into English..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

monsieur de, de la, count de, sieur de, mean time, every one, duke de, mareschal de, next day, french king, one another, great deal, reformed religion, de turenne, make use, madam de, viscount de, queen mother, made use, francis walsingham, thousand men, english books, early english, one day, two hundred, monsieur le, cardinal de, greatest part, great number, long time, great many, du plessis, thousand crowns, books online, every day, hundred thousand, one side, king henry, next morning, catholick religion, three hundred, la valette, every thing, baron de, hundred horse, le prince, catholick king, sir francis, pretended reformed, five hundred

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are An account of Monsieur De Quesne''s late expedition at Chio together with the negotiation of Monsieur Guilleragues, the French ambassadour at the port / in a letter written by an officer of the Grand Vizir''s to a pacha ; translated into English. The politicks of France by Monsieur P.H. ... ; with Reflections on the 4th and 5th chapters, wherein he censures the Roman clergy and the Hugonots, by the Sr. l''Ormegreny., and The history of the life of the Duke of Espernon, the great favourite of France Englished by Charles Cotton, Esq. ; in three parts, containing twelve books ; wherein the history of France is continued from the year 1598 where D''Avila leaves off, down to our own times, 1642..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

king, tcp, majesty, duke, prince, france, court, french, city, paris, kingdom, war, town, state, religion, queen, church, army, parliament, government, country, crown, england, affairs, people, general, english, cardinal, spaniards, pope, officers, river, peace, monsieur, house, enemy, enemies, council, castle, authority, world, treaty, subjects, st., father, souldiers, son, party, orleans, master

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be king, and A true discourse of the whole occurrences in the Queenes voyage from her departure from Florence, vntil her arriuall at the citie of Marseilles together with the triumphs there made at her entrie: whereto is adioyned her receiuing and entrie into Lyons. Hereunto is annexed, the first Sauoyan: wherein is set forth the right of the conquest of Sauoy by the French, and the importance of holding it. All faithfully translated out of French, by E.A. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

time, men, place, people, day, year, part, way, things, self, kings, order, nothing, others, reason, thing, king, man, end, side, places, manner, death, years, rest, person, religion, occasion, arms, power, number, name, one, means, hands, days, hand, body, enemies, life, subjects, design, money, persons, condition, cause, use, t, brother, matter

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

was, had, be, were, is, have, being, made, are, been, having, said, did, make, do, sent, take, put, taken, come, give, came, done, went, gave, thought, given, found, go, took, see, brought, has, say, called, left, set, according, told, began, know, think, held, received, let, commanded, making, resolved, keep, find

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

king, duke, de, prince, france, monsieur, court, majesty, paris, army, 〉, lord, cardinal, city, kingdom, la, princes, st., queen, ●, town, french, count, 〈, parliament, church, ◊, war, pope, council, general, god, son, england, kings, religion, henry, reformed, league, master, spaniards, peace, spain, state, edict, english, house, charles, assembly, government

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

his, he, it, they, him, their, i, them, her, my, me, you, our, himself, we, your, she, themselves, us, ''em, its, one, em, theirs, thy, ours, mine, thee, yours, herself, us''d, hers, whereof, shou''d, itself, ''s, vp, march''d, s, ●, ye, l, ourselves, myself, surpriz''d, au, sign''d, observ''d, hitherto, ha

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

great, other, same, such, many, good, own, first, more, much, little, several, last, new, whole, present, french, most, certain, able, particular, necessary, least, greater, long, true, greatest, better, full, next, few, second, ill, best, ready, common, general, old, considerable, very, mean, small, late, private, young, like, former, less, strong, high

not, so, very, then, also, as, more, only, well, up, most, much, there, now, out, never, therefore, yet, ever, together, too, away, again, soon, thus, first, already, still, in, even, no, here, far, off, rather, afterwards, before, likewise, down, long, over, almost, back, always, on, all, often, indeed, immediately, nevertheless

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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